6 ITT treatment effects on inputs and resources

Table 6: ITT treatment effects on inputs and resources

(1) (2) (3) (4) Control Treatment Difference Difference (F.E)

Panel A: School-level outcomes (N = 185)

Number of teachers 7.02 9.62 2.60∗∗∗ 2.61∗∗∗ (0.33) (0.29) (0.44) (0.37) Pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) 40.15 33.27 -6.88∗∗∗ -6.94∗∗∗ (1.85) (1.16) (2.18) (1.97) New teachers 1.77 4.81 3.03∗∗∗ 3.01∗∗∗ (0.21) (0.27) (0.34) (0.35) Teachers re-assigned 2.11 3.24 1.13∗∗ 1.10∗∗ (0.27) (0.39) (0.48) (0.47)

Panel B: Teacher-level outcomes (N = 1,167)

Age in years 46.37 39.09 -7.28∗∗∗ -7.10∗∗∗ (0.53) (0.45) (1.02) (0.68) Experience in years 15.79 10.59 -5.20∗∗∗ -5.26∗∗∗ (0.47) (0.33) (0.76) (0.51) % has worked at a private school 37.50 47.12 9.62∗∗ 10.20∗∗∗ (2.09) (1.77) (3.76) (2.42) Test score in standard deviations -0.01 0.13 0.14∗ 0.14∗∗ (0.05) (0.04) (0.07) (0.06) % certified (or tertiary education) 58.05 60.11 2.06 4.20 (1.94) (1.64) (4.87) (2.99) % on government payroll 73.73 68.35 -5.38 -4.16 (1.75) (1.60) (4.27) (2.97) % paid by contractor 0.00 7.18 7.18∗∗∗ 7.54∗∗∗ (0.00) (0.89) (1.80) (1.48) % of months paid on time 46.31 38.93 -7.38∗ -5.72∗ (2.49) (1.77) (4.03) (3.18) Salary (USD/month)–Conditional on salary> 0 104.54 121.36 16.82∗∗ 13.90∗∗∗ (3.63) (2.09) (6.56) (4.53)

Panel C: Classroom observation (N = 133)

Number of seats 20.38 20.46 0.07 0.51 (1.71) (1.50) (2.27) (2.02) % with students sitting on the floor 4.48 2.44 -2.04 -3.26 (2.55) (1.71) (3.07) (2.28) % with chalk 77.61 96.34 18.73∗∗∗ 17.93∗∗∗ (5.13) (2.09) (5.54) (5.91) % of students with textbooks 17.16 36.32 19.15∗∗∗ 24.56∗∗∗ (4.23) (4.74) (6.35) (6.40) % of students with pens/pencils 78.46 88.41 9.95∗∗ 8.70∗ (3.74) (2.20) (4.34) (4.42)

This table presents the mean and standard error of the mean (in parenthesis) for the control (Column 1) and treatment (Column 2) groups, as well as the difference between treatment and control (Column 3), and the difference taking into account the randomization design (i.e., including “‘pair ”’ fixed effects (Column 4). Standard errors are clustered at the school level. The sample is the original treatment and control allocation. ∗ p < 0.10, ∗∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗ p < 0.01

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