The Lure of Chocolate
By Henry M. Holden
What is rich, creamy, and sweet: Even the adjectives used to describe the substance are enough to make the strong-willed drool. You crave it. It melts in your mouth. It comes in different forms, cocoa powder, milk chocolate, bittersweet chocolate, and white chocolate. Chocolate gifts have strong symbolic meanings such as love, passion, care, and a happy life. It is a simple gift that surprises us. Forest Gump even said, “Momma always said life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.”
Every February 14, St. Valentine’s Day, chocolate lovers are drawn to the object of their desire. A box of chocolates is a customary gift on Valentine’s Day, and only the most puritanical among us could spurn this devilish offering.
The confectionery industry is indeed a significant player in the U.S. economy, providing jobs and supporting various related industries. It’s fascinating how something as delightful as candy can have such a substantial impact on employment and economic activity.
Here is the delicious sweet truth! According to the National Confectioners Association, Manufacturers of chocolate, candy, gum and mints directly employ nearly 58,000 people across the United States with almost 700,000 jobs supported in related industries, including agriculture, retail, transportation and more. Altogether, the confectionery industry contributes more than $37 billion in retail sales to the U.S. economy each year and has at least one manufacturing facility in each of the fifty United States.
Almost $1.8 billion in sales, mostly chocolate kisses and hearts are made each February 14. It is third in sales with only Easter and Christmas beating it out. If you were to merge all the candy companies into one devoted to the sale of Valentine’s Day candy alone, it would carry a Fortune 500 ranking.
More than 70 million Hershey kisses chocolates are produced each day at the companies three factories.
For the Valentine’s Day demand, the Hershey company produces more than 8,000,000 pounds of kisses which at about 95 kisses per pound comes out to more than 750, million individual candies.
How did the love affair with chocolate begin? Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cocoa beans that can be a liquid, solid, or paste, or on its own as a flavoring in other foods. The cacao tree has been used as a source of food for at least 5,300 years, starting with the Mayo-Chinchipe culture (present-day Ecuador.) Later, Mesoamerican civilizations consumed cacao beverages and introduced it to Europe in the 16th century.
In the 1540s, an Aztec document containing a list of price equivalents designated the value of a tomato as one cacao bean, and an avocado was worth three. A “good turkey hen” was worth 100 “full” or 120 “shrunken” cacao beans. Since there are only about 60 cocoa beans in one cocoa pod, this
was a great sum of money.
In 1569, the new chocolate drink got its seal of approval from Pope Pius V, who proposed that people can drink chocolate on Fridays (and during Lent) and it would not break the fast, which was a normal thing to do at the time. This possibly happened because the Pope didn’t like chocolate and didn’t care if people consumed it or not.
Back in the 16th century- gold, silver, and precious stones were not the only loot that traveled back across the Atlantic as the Americas opened to European exploitation. One unforgettable treasure was a little brown bean that some natives of the warmer regions of the New World swore by: From the bean they made a bitter but palatable drink known in the Nahuatl tongue of the Aztec of Mexico as cacahuatl.
On Good Friday, in 1528, things were about to change in Mexico. A fleet of Spanish ships appeared off the coast of Mexico. Hernando Cortés disembarked his entire army of 500 helmeted, armor-clad men, with weapons that belched fire and thunder and hurled invisible and deadly missiles.
Emperor Montezuma II, was both amazed and almost paralyzed with fear. He believed the Aztec legend that the white conquistador had embodied the god of air, Quetzahcoatl and was returning to earth to claim his throne. Montezuma’s hesitation to neutralize this handful of Spanish adventurers was to lead to his downfall and the incredible conquest of his powerful empire. As Montezuma dawdled indecisively, Cortéz began his march toward the capital, today’s Mexico City. Instead of leading his vast army into a precise campaign to overwhelm the few hundred invaders, Montezuma dispatched messengers to Cortés with gold, silver, and other treasures.
Satisfying the gods with such gifts and sometimes even human sacrifices was common in the Aztec culture. Montezuma hoped that the celestial invaders could be bought off and would go away. Cortés, however, fooled the Aztecs and simply accepted the emperor’s bribes, demanded
more, and then continued his march.
The emperor’s ransom also included cacao beans. Montezuma considered cacahuatl an nectar from the gods; and too good for the common people. Indeed, the Aztecs, Mayans, and Toltecs before him valued chocolate so highly that they used the cacao beans as currency: caches of the beans were among the artifacts recovered from the grave sites of these civilizations.
Serving cacahuatl to the Spanish conquerors in great golden goblets, Montezuma also revealed to Cortés that it had a secret ingredient; he confided that he drank chocolate by the potful because it enhanced his sexual powers. For all its regal importance, however, Montezuma’s cacahuatl was not sweet, and the Spaniards did not find it to their taste. To make the concoction more agreeable, Cortés and his countrymen later sweetened it with sugar .
Cortés sent his newfound treasure back to King Carlos V of Spain, explaining its benefits more delicately than Montezuma had: “It is the divine drink that builds up resistance and fights fatigue.”
This delightful plunder entranced the nobility: They became so possessive of it that they kept its existence a secret from outsiders for nearly 100 years. Spanish monks eventually spilled the beans-so-to-speak and the secret was out. It was not long before chocolate gained acclaim throughout Europe as a delicious, health-giving food. Even when the rest of Europe discovered chocolate, it remained for many years the prerogative of the wealthy and influential. Around 1657, chocolate spread across the English Channel to Britain. And by 1765, chocolate completed the circle from New World to Old and back again, Today we credit Thomas Jefferson with opening the first chocolate factory, in Massachusetts Bay. In 1828, a Dutchman named Van Houton discovered how to press the fat cocoa butterout of chocolate. This was a breakthrough in chocolate’s development, and it yielded some important byproducts as well: Cocoa butter is now used in soaps, cosmetics, and suntan oils. Van Houton also discovered hot cocoa when he mixed the powder that remained after he had pressed out the fat with water. In 1850, he added sugar and cocoa butter paste to ground beans, creating a sweet form of the substance. Twenty-five years later, the Swiss developed the first version of milk chocolate, and Henry Nestle improved on it by using condensed milk.
But the man who really made America fall in love with chocolate was Milton Hershey, who developed the old Valentine standby, Hershey’s Kisses.
Today, a city has been virtually built on one Kiss at a time. Hershey, Pennsylvania is home: to the world’s largest chocolate factory. It covers more than 18 acres. Hershey started out in 1900 with a caramel factory in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He sold it in 1903 for $1 million and built a cont. on page 2
WP Wellness Moments
As
in Woodland Park completes a guided calming meditation. They imagine a sphere of white light traveling throughout their body and other visualizations.
page
chocolate factory in the middle of a cornfield.
In his laboratory, Hershey developed his own process for making chocolate using fresh whole milk. As his product caught on and he proceeded to build a city of homes and schools around his factory.
Milton Hershey did what Henry Ford did for the automobile: Hershey developed the machinery that made mass-produced chocolate, and suddenly the sweet confection was affordable to everyone.
One manufacturer of dark chocolate, Ghirardelli, has added sixty percent cacao to its chocolate to two-inch squares. Other variations of the small square snacks include white chocolate sugar cookies, and milk chocolate caramel.
Dark chocolate contains several compounds that possess antioxidant properties such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidation stress. This stress contributes to the natural aging process. Some scientists, over time, believe the effects of oxidation stress may also contribute to the development of variety of diseases such as, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. Regularly eating dark chocolate may help reduce a person’s likelihood of developing heart disease. Some of the compounds in dark chocolate, specifically flavonoids affect two major risk factors heart disease, and high blood pressure.
Flavonoids in dark chocolate stimulate nitric oxide production in the body. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to dilate for wider use, which improves blood flow and may lower blood pressure.
While the taste alone is reason enough to give chocolate on Valentine’s Day, there is another attribute you might want to consider: The candy may make the recipient more romantic. Montezuma wasn’t too far off the mark. An analysis of chocolate shows it contains small amounts of phenylethylamine, a chemical produced naturally in the brain, that some scientists believe increases when people fall in love. Chocolate as an aphrodisiac? Try some and you be the judge.
https://www.thehersheycompany.com
PHOTO COURTESY OF THE WOODLAND PARK SCHOOL DISTRICT
part of their daily Wellness Moments, Ms. Altomare’s third grade class at Beatrice Gilmore School
www.amoreristorantewp.com
140 Rifle Camp Rd, Woodland Park 973-925-5600
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WEDNESDAY is CHEESE WHEEL
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WP Animal Club
The Animal Club at Memorial Middle School in Woodland Park kicked the year off with a new advisor, Mrs. Pecorino, a special education teacher at Memorial School.
The founder and Animal Club advisor for the past 20 years, Mrs. Donato, has been guiding and helping Mrs. Pecorino at each meeting to continue its success in helping all animals. It is also the mission at these meetings to introduce guest speakers and their variety of experiences, to the students in the club.
The students recently made dog and cat toys to donate to the local animal shelters. These toys are therapeutic for the animals during their hopefully short residence waiting to be adopted into their forever homes. Additional toy donations are welcome and all students were invited to make one.
PHOTO COURTESY OF THE WOODLAND PARK SCHOOL DISTRICT
WP Council President
The Woodland Park Borough Council at its annual reorganization meeting selected Councilman Michael Sica to serve as 2025 Council President.
Sica has served on the Borough Council since January 2023. This past year he chaired the Laws & Ordinances committee and also served on the Admin/Finance and Recreation & Community Relations committees.
"All of us aspire to meet your needs, but we need your questions," Sica said. "We need your comments. We need your criticisms. We need to know what we need to do better or what is it that's out there that we need to correct. It's very motivating to know we're doing all of that and trying not to spend money at the same time. Thank you. It's a privilege to serve this community."
WP Middle School Strategies
At Memorial Middle School in Woodland Park, 8th graders Darrin and Lara shared some strategies with 6th graders for when they feel overwhelmed or like they are “having a meltdown." Darrin taught Preston to “dance it out” when anx-
Say ‘I
Fious while Lara shared with Jaxson how "looking for the colors of the rainbow” can help calm you.
Love You’ with Valentine’s Day Gifts
ebruary 14th, better known as Valentine’s Day, provides a beacon of light in the middle of winter. Each February, stores and homes are decked out in red and pink hearts, and florists wait in the wings to prepare sweet-smelling bouquets for the bevy of buyers eager to bring bountiful blooms into their living spaces.
Gift-giving is an integral component of Valentine’s Day. That means the search may be on to find items that will give voice to feelings of love and affection in tangible ways. These gifts are perfect for anyone on your list.
• Fragrance: Although purchasing fragrances can be tricky, if your special someone provides hints of a scent or brand they prefer, it can make buying perfume or cologne easier. However, there’s also the option of going with trends. Market experts believe vanilla is set to be a stand-out aroma in 2024, and aromatherapy and feel-good fragrances are trending this year.
• Cozy clothes: Snuggling together in front of the fire may be an appealing prospect for lovebirds. Cozy gifts can include matching loungewear or pajama sets, or ultra-soft sweatpants and hoodies for chasing away the chill.
• Personalized prints: Companies offer
custom song lyric posters or framed artwork so that a special song, whether it was heard during a first date or danced to during a couple’s wedding, can be memorialized. Other personalized prints can include images of the sky on a key date to commemorate a special moment in time.
• Jewelry offerings: Jewelry is a go-to Valentine’s Day gift. Vogue says that there’s a strong likelihood that boho jewelry trends are making a comeback this year. Pendants, beads and multi-strand necklaces are sure to be a must-have look.
• Travel treats: Couples who love to travel can gift travel-related items to their special someone. A high-end brand of luggage, tickets to a cruise or another destination, or an excursion upgrade on a planned getaway may fit the bill.
• Gourmet eats: Foodies often find enjoyment sampling the fare at top-notch restaurants. While Valentine’s Day tends to be quite busy at most restaurants, a gift of a night out for dinner at another time may be the way to tug on the heartstrings while nurturing the palate.
Valentine’s Day is here before people know it, so it is key to have gift ideas at the ready.
PHOTO COURTESY OF THE WOODLAND PARK SCHOOL DISTRICT
Wreaths Across America Holds Annual Ceremony at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Wreaths were collected and placed on veterans' gravesites during the Wreaths Across America Day ceremony at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa.
By Tina Pappas
Holiday wreaths decorated Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa, as people came together on a brisk, sunny day to honor veterans during the annual Wreaths Across America ceremony on Dec. 14. It was a poignant, yet uplifting ceremony remembering those who dedicated their lives to the country.
National Wreaths Across America Day, a nonprofit organization, aims to remember, honor, and teach the value of freedom by coordinating wreath-laying ceremonies at Arlington National Cemetery. Ceremonies are also held at additional locations throughout the U.S. and abroad. Individuals can sponsor a wreath or volunteer at events.
The United States Army, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Air Force, United States Coast Guard, United States Merchant Marines, and United States Space Force, each had a wreath raised for its service area.
Cathy Pagano, location coordinator for Holy Sepulchre Cemetery for Wreaths Across America, coordinated the event, which amassed a large collection of wreaths to be placed at the headstones for veterans. Also in attendance was Little Falls Mayor James Damiano and Little Falls Councilman Chris Vancheri who assisted in placing holiday wreaths throughout the cemetery with members of the Little Falls Girl Scouts. Also on-hand for the ceremony was Woodland Park Mayor Tracy Kallert and Councilman Vincent DeCesare. Totowa Councilman Sanders Reynoso was also present.
"We sponsored 3,998 wreaths this year," Pagano said. "The total number of veterans interred is 4,807, located on both sides of Union Avenue in the cemetery. Our goal is to have enough wreaths for next year to cover every veteran grave."
According to Pagano, the ceremony is in its sixth year and they're already preparing for next year. She said that holding the event each year displays a grateful nation in remembrance of all the sacrifices the veterans made for freedom and gives comfort to their families. She also said that it's important for children, teens and young adults to get involved.
"Since this is such a somber ceremony, it's important we have the local Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts, including several high schools that had their clubs come here today and be involved in the ceremony so they realize the significance," she explained. " Giving them this impression is setting the tone for the future because we want them to remember. It's nice that this is teaching them to honor our veterans so it will continue on. We even have veterans here from the Civil War."
Many volunteers took part in this year's ceremony, she added. Students from Passaic County Technical Institute in Wayne assisted in raising the wreaths for each military unit, including the P.O.W. Each student also took part in the reading of a poem. American Legion Post 428 of North Haledon provided the color guard and firing detail. Passaic County Pipes and Drums played Amazing Grace.
"My father and husband are also buried here, so I understand how the families of veter-
ans feel and how important it is to continue these ceremonies," she further added. "We're very proud of it and we can always use the support."
There are many ways to sponsor this year by visiting holysepulchretotowa.org and clicking on the Wreaths Across America tab. To sponsor a wreath at Holy Sepulchre, scan the QR code right from your phone, or you can download the sponsorship form and complete it together with a check payable to Wreaths Across America.
"This year's Wreaths Across America Day was a tremendous success this year but we're hoping to set the goal even higher to cover the over 4800 veteran gravesites interred at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery for December 2025," she noted.
Pagano also thanked this year's sponsors - L3Harris, HITT Contracting, Beasley Media Group, and PCTVS (Passaic County Technical-Vocational Schools).
Photos provided by The Township of Little Falls
The annual Wreaths Across America Day ceremony was held at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa on Dec. 14. Pictured is Mayor James Damiano and Councilman Chris Vancheri who volunteered during the ceremony.
Pictured is Mayor James Damiano placing a wreath on a veteran gravesite during the Wreaths Across America Day ceremony at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa.
Attendees gather during the Wreaths Across America Day ceremony at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa held on Dec. 14.
PHOTO COURTESY OF THE WOODLAND PARK SCHOOL DISTRICT
By Richard Mabey Jr.
TOn Eagle’s Wings, Chapter 2: The Goddess
his is the second condensed chapter of the book that I am presently writing, about my journey to earn scouting’s highest rank, Eagle Scout. This is a true story.
Each and every one of us hold a destiny, a purpose, a certain knowingness of our purpose in life. It may be buried deep within the fiber and sinew of the chambers of the heart, but from time to time, God reveals glimpses of the purpose of which He gave the precious gift of life to us. And, in line with that perspective, there are people who come into our lives, beyond coincidence, who become a wonderful friend and guide to help us in our pursuit of our Divine purpose in life.
In early September of 1969, I had just turned 16 and was beginning my junior year at Boonton High School. That Saturday morning, when I walked into the foyer of the Paterson YMCA, all alone, I had no idea I was about to meet a person who would dramatically change my life for the better. Mom had driven me to the big city YMCA, for the purpose of my beginning to take swimming lessons at their indoor pool. A fire burnt in my heart, to earn the Swimming Merit Badge, to become an Eagle Scout.
I remember I was all so nervous. I walked the long hallways to the room where the indoor pool was located. I remember it like it was yesterday. I opened the door to the pool room, and there sat this very beautiful young woman, on a chair beside the pool. When I entered the room, this beautiful goddess came over to greet me and introduce herself.
Lisa smiled as she shook my hand and introduced herself. Lisa was to be my swimming teacher. Amazingly, the other two boys, who were scheduled for her swimming class never showed up. Lisa had just begun her junior year at Paterson
GREEN EARTH
State College (now known as William Paterson University). She had long brown hair. Simply put, I fell in love with her, the moment I first saw her.
I remember that Lisa was incredibly patient with me. She taught me the proper arm and leg movements needed to become a good swimmer. She had a most gentle voice, but at the same time, held a certain degree of authority when she spoke. Every Saturday morning, for three months, we would meet at the indoor swimming pool at the Paterson YMCA.
Lisa was so unlike the girls I knew at school. She had a certain inner confidence, compassion flowed through her veins and an abounding kindness abided in her heart. I think that Lisa saw something in me. She was fully aware of the flame that burnt in my heart, to become a good swimmer. I remember Lisa once told me that I was the best swimming student that she had ever taught. Not that I was a great swimmer, that was far from the case, but rather that I was so very sincere and earnest in my quest to become a good swimmer.
About a month into our swimming lessons, my heart broke when Lisa’s boyfriend came into the pool room, to pick up Lisa. Lisa scolded him for interrupting her class with me. He sulked as he departed the pool room. I confess, I actually felt sorry for her puppy dog boyfriend. For as kind as Lisa could be, she could also be all so very stern.
In early December of 1969, I convinced Lisa to sign up to become an official Swimming Merit Badge Counselor. Lisa proudly signed the paperwork for my Swimming Merit Badge. It was a moment that was all so near and dear to my heart.
From time to time, I think of Lisa. I pray she is alive and well. One of my deepest regrets is that I did not invite Lisa to my Eagle Scout Dinner. It was just one of those things. I don’t
think I would have earned scouting’s highest rank, without Lisa’s helping hand. I am convinced, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that God brought Lisa in my life to help me along my rocky road to become an Eagle Scout.
But now, after earning the Swimming Merit Badge, a new challenge awaited me. And that big challenge was to earn the difficult Lifesaving Merit Badge.
Lisa, if you’re reading this story, thank you for all your help.
To be continued.
Richard Mabey Jr. is a freelance writer. He has had two books published. He hosts a YouTube Channel titled, “Richard Mabey Presents.” He can be reached at richardmabeyjr@gmail.com.
CLEANOUTS
Little Falls Receives AAA Northeast Community Traffic Safety Gold Award for the Second Year
By Tina Pappas
Police Chief Bryan Pra-
ll presented Mayor James Damiano with a certificate signifying Little Falls as the recipient the AAA Northeast Community Traffic Safety's "Gold" Award for the second year in a row.
The award is the highest recognition given to a town for its commitment to providing enhanced traffic safety measures for the community. It honors those in law enforcement and traffic safety who implement initiatives and work to keep the community safe.
According to Prall, AAA Northeast held its annual community traffic safety awards banquet at the Bottagra Restaurant in Hawthorne on Dec. 3. There are different tier levels of awards encompassing gold, silver and bronze.
"There were about 34 recipients for those types of awards and Little Falls brought home gold for the second time," Prall said during the recent Township Council meeting.
He then presented Mayor James Damiano with the AAA Northeast Traffic Safety "Gold" Award certificate. Additionally, Councilman Chris Vancheri was also recognized as the recipient of the AAA Northeast "Traffic Safety Hero" Award. Vancheri was one of 22 award recipients.
"Chris Vancheri was recommended by the Little Falls Police Department (LFPD) for his work on the committees and the support that he gives to our traffic safety section," Prall explained, adding that he appreciates the Township Council's support for LFPD's
traffic safety initiatives.
"It allows us to accomplish the mission and it aligns with my vision of making Little Falls a safe community," he emphasized. "I just wanted to thank Chris publicly for his support, and acknowledge that AAA did give him an award," he noted.
Lt. Ryan J. Hoyt of the LFPD, who spearheads the town's traffic safety initiative, said the recognition is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the LFPD, the local governing body and community members who have all played a part in improving the safety of the town roads.
As a lieutenant in the patrol bureau, Hoyt, along with Lt. Jason Macaluso, oversee the traffic safety section and the programs within it. According to Hoyt, he completes an application and then submits it to AAA for consideration based on their work each year. The application comes out by mid-year and is based on the prior year's statistics.
"Over the past year,
we've implemented several key initiatives aimed at reducing accidents, enhancing pedestrian safety, and improving traffic flow throughout our Township," Hoyt explained. "From the installation of new traffic signals and signage to educational campaigns and community outreach, our efforts have been focused on creating a safer, more sustainable environment for everyone who lives, works and travels here."
Hoyt also said that in 2023, the LFPD conducted 2,120 radar enforcement details, 1,168 traffic enforcement details, and stopped 8,602 vehicle for violations.
"Our four certified carseat safety technicians have helped numerous families ensure their children are safely secured in a vehicle," he added. "These are just some of the way we have committed to traffic safety here in Little Falls."
Hoyt also thanked Councilman Chris Vancheri, who received the Traffic Safety Hero Award for his efforts
running the Little Falls Township Traffic Safety Committee. The committee has worked together with the LFPD's Traffic Safety Section in order to implement enforcement details,
rectify traffic flow issues and provide education about current laws.
"We appreciate and recognize Mr. Vancheri's efforts to make safe travel a priority within our community,"
he noted. "As we move forward, we remain dedicated to continuing our work to enhance traffic safety and ensure that our community is a model for safe, efficient transportation for all."
Councilman Chris Vancheri receives the "Traffic Safety Hero" Award for his work on the Township's Traffic Safety Committee from Lt. Ryan J. Hoyt of the LFPD.
Photo provided by The Township of Little Falls Pictured is Police Chief Bryan Prall of the LFPD presenting the AAA Northeast Community Traffic Safety "Gold" Award to Mayor James Damiano. The Township won the award for the second year in a row.
Valentine’s Day: From Ancient Origins to Modern Celebrations
alentine’s Day, celebrated annually on February 14, is a day dedicated to love, affection, and the exchange of heartfelt gestures. Its origins, however, are rooted in ancient traditions and historical events that have evolved significantly over centuries. Today, the holiday is marked by a blend of romantic, cultural, and commercial customs that vary across the globe.
The Origins of Valentine’s Day
The story of Valentine’s Day begins in ancient Rome, where a festival called Lupercalia was celebrated from February 13 to 15. This pagan festival was dedicated to fertility and purification, featuring rituals that included the pairing of couples through a lottery system. While Lupercalia was far from the romanticized version of Valentine’s Day we know today, its timing and focus on relationships laid the groundwork for the holiday’s eventual transformation.
The connection to Saint Valentine comes from a more Christianized interpretation of the day. Historical records suggest that there were multiple martyrs named Valentine in early Christianity, but one figure stands out. Saint Valentine of Rome, believed to have lived during the third century, was martyred for performing marriages for Christian couples in secret, defying Emperor Claudius II’s ban on such unions. Claudius had prohibited marriages to ensure young men would join his army without attachments. Valentine’s acts of defiance made him a symbol of love and devotion, and he was later canonized by the Church.
In 496 AD, Pope Gelasius I established February 14 as Saint Valentine’s Day, effectively replacing the pagan Lupercalia festival with a Christian feast. Over the centuries, the day’s association with romantic love grew, particularly during the Middle Ages. The poet Geoffrey Chaucer is often credited with linking Valentine’s Day to courtly love in his 14th-century poem, “Parliament of Fowls.”
Modern-Day Celebrations
Today, Valentine’s Day is celebrated in diverse ways across the world, with each cul -
ture adding its unique twist. The common thread is the expression of love and affection, though the methods and scale of celebration vary.
In many Western countries, Valentine’s Day is a significant cultural event. Couples exchange cards, flowers, chocolates, and gifts as tokens of their love. Red roses, a symbol of passion, are particularly popular. Romantic dinners and weekend getaways are common ways for partners to celebrate the day together. Single individuals often embrace the holiday as well, celebrating self-love or organizing gatherings with friends.
In Japan, Valentine’s Day has taken on a unique commercial and cultural angle. Women traditionally give chocolates to men, categorized as “giri-choco” (obligation chocolate) for colleagues or acquaintances and “honmei-choco” (true feeling chocolate) for romantic interests. A reciprocal celebration, White Day, occurs on March 14, when men return the favor with gifts for women.
In Finland and Estonia, February 14 is known as “Friend’s Day” (Ystävänpäivä), emphasizing platonic relationships rather than romantic ones. Friends exchange cards and small gifts, highlighting the broader scope of love and appreciation.
In some countries, Valentine’s Day is observed with grand public displays of affection. For example, in the Philippines, mass weddings are a popular tradition, with hundreds of couples tying the knot in government-sponsored ceremonies. This creates a festive atmosphere and provides an opportunity for couples to celebrate their love in a communal setting.
However, Valentine’s Day is not universally embraced. Some cultures and communities regard it as overly commercialized or incompatible with local traditions and values. In certain countries, the holiday is banned or discouraged due to religious or cultural reasons, with alternative celebrations taking its place.
The Evolution of a Global Phenomenon
The modern celebration of Valentine’s Day is deeply intertwined with commercialization. Retailers capitalize on the holiday by promoting themed products, from greeting cards to luxury goods. The tradition of gift-giving has expanded to include personalized items, experiential gifts, and even digital expressions of affection through social media and messaging apps.
Despite its commercialization, Valentine’s Day remains a meaningful occasion for many people. It serves as a reminder to express love and appreciation, whether through grand gestures or simple acts of kindness. While the ways of celebrating may differ, the essence of the holiday—a celebration of love in its many forms—remains timeless.
Conclusion
Valentine’s Day has a rich and complex history that spans centuries and cultures. From its origins in ancient Rome to its transformation into a global celebration of love, the holiday continues to evolve. Whether celebrated with a romantic partner, friends, or family, Valentine’s Day offers an opportunity to cherish the connections that bring joy and meaning to our lives.
Bloomingdale Welcomes New Business
On January 11th, Bloomingdale welcomed Elle and Bee Clothing to the Borough. Elle and Bee Clothing is an in-store and online boutique for women's fashion and accessories. It offers a little bit of everything, from boho chic, to edgy and fierce to a little more dressy, and every day wear. Elle and Bee Clothing is located at 10 Riverside Square, on Main St. in Bloomingdale.
Local Writer Recalls Special Connection to Jimmy Carter
By Megan Roche
Before he was a writer for My Life Publications, a young Steve Sears had taken an interest in writing poetry.
“In the early to mid 1990s, I had developed an interest in poetry. In fact, one of my first professional published works were poems and reviews of poetry chapbooks.
An editor of a poetry magazine that I was fond of suggested supporting poets by buying their works, and Jimmy Carter had recently published a hardcover book of poems. I bought the book in read it, and loved his writings. After that, I thought I would write him a letter and did so, applauding his efforts while also sharing some of my poems,” Sears said.
After sending that letter to the former President, Sears didn’t think much of it. One day, a letter from the Carter Center in Atlanta showed up on his doorstep. Assuming it would be just a typed formal reply, Sears was surprised when he found a personal, hand written thank you note from Carter himself.
“The response I received was in an official Carter Center envelope, so when I removed the contents I figured it would be an official letter type written. What President Carter had done instead was taken the first page of my handwritten letter to him and written a return note on top. Needless to say, I loved the return note, and the first thing I did was call my mom to let her know,” Sears recalls.
The note reads: cc Steven, Thanks for your very nice letter. I’m glad you liked the poems. Jimmy C. PS: I also like yours.
His mother, who was not a very political woman, had always liked Carter. Sears re-
members her often telling him that she always thought Carter was down to earth and a kind man.
That letter served as a great source of inspiration for the then young writer.
“First of all, it is a unique correspondent with a United States President. Not many people can say they have something so special. Second, that note encouraged me to continue my young writing career at that time, which had included op-eds to a local newspaper and the previously mentioned publications in the poetry magazines. It is a very special thing to me,” Sears said.
For the Sears family, the love of books helped lead them to establishing a family library. The Dewey Decimal-coded library still houses Carter’s poetry book. Right near the library, in a frame sits Carter’s letter back to Steve.
“For years the letter sat next to my writing desk in a frame, but now it is behind my desk in that same frame. I often look at it when I turn to get something out of my inbox or reach for a writer’s book for information and inspiration,” Sears says.
When news of Carter’s passing made its way to front pages around the world, Sears was struck with sadness. However, he knows how truly special it was that even just for a brief moment, Jimmy Carter knew who he was. As Sears reflected on his passing, he’s grateful for that little letter.
“I will always have this wonderful reminder near my writing desk of what a wonderful human being he was, and how we both shared a love of writing.”
Steve Sears still has the book of Jimmy Carter’s poetry and a very special letter from Carter about his own poetry writings
Former Radio City Rockette from Randolph Set to Release Memoir
By Megan Roche
Jennifer Jones has shattered glass ceilings throughout her career, becoming the very first African American Radio City Rockette in the 1980s. She’s also beaten colorectal cancer. Now, she’ll add another accolade to her list: two-time published author.
Jones, who grew up in Randolph, was the very first African American Radio City Rockette. In her memoir, titled Becoming Spectacular, Jones dives in to her time on the line. From performances at the Super Bowl to what life was really like on the Radio City stage, Jones invites readers in to hear her story.
“I really tried to take the reader through my whole life. The initial chapter talks about the Super Bowl halftime show, but after that I go back into my childhood and the start of my life,” Jones says.
No stranger to being a trailblazer in her own right, Jones touches on her parents being trailblazers as the two were in an interracial marriage, which for the 1960s was not the norm. However, it was her parents love of Broadway that led to exposing a young Jennifer to the arts.
“That love taught me at such a young age that I needed to be on a stage and to be able to walk out of a stage door,” Jones recalls.
The book slowly opens up to life inside Jen’s early dance classes and growing up as a bi-racial child in a white school system. She also sheds light on her reign as Miss Morris County, her experience owning her own aerobics studio. There’s also a chapter on her experience studying dance in New York and of course, the coveted audition to becoming a Radio City Rockette.
“I talk about the good and the bad, the resistance that was coming towards me of people within Radio City and the women on the line who were not ready for a change. But I also touch on the ladies who were ready for a change and those who really embraced me. I talk about all the terrible things I went through but what ultimately kept me there was my love of dance and my dream of performing on a stage and walking out of a
backstage door no matter what,” Jones said.
After finishing her time as a Rockette, Jones went on to star in the revival of 42nd Street. Her work on the show earned her a TONY Award for Best Revival of a Musical.
However, there are also chapters on the lows of her life.
“After 42nd Street, a lot of people thought I had disappeared. I share a lot in the book about being a single mom, my marriage, my divorce, not having a college degree. I talk about all the jobs I held in toxic work environments,” Jones shares.
Jones also opens up about her journey of getting diagnosed with and ultimately beating colorectal cancer.
Overall, Jones couldn’t be prouder of sharing her story. She hopes each person who reads her story remembers that their stories are important too.
“Ultimately, each and every one of us has a mark to leave on this world and we all have a greater contribution to give something to others. We’re all just diamonds in the rough just trying to be the shiniest, most precious cut that we can and that is our gift and that is when we shine the most,” Jones said.
The book will be available for preorders beginning Feb. 18. The book’s official release date is one month later on March 18. Jones will also be speaking and hosting various book signings in the area. For the most up to date event schedule, visit www.rockettejenn.com
Becoming Spectacular is Randolph native Jennifer Jones’ second book, set to debut in March
How to determine how much house you need
Potential home buyers typically have lists of requirements they would like to find in a new home. Although there are many features that are universally appreciated, certain elements may appeal to particular buyers more than others. For example, a swimming pool may be coveted by active families, but may not be as desirable to retirees looking for less upkeep.
Size is consideration that merits significant attention. The mantra “bigger is better” is well known, but homes with significant square footage may not be ideal for all buyers. “How much home do I really need?” is an important question for buyers to ask themselves before they embark on their home-buying journeys. Here’s how buyers can identify how much house they need.
How many occupants will be living in the home?
The first consideration in home size is the number of residents. Rocket Mortgage says a good rule of thumb is to give each person 600 square feet of space. So that means a family of four would ideally live in a home that is 2,400 square feet, while a couple may be fine in a 1,200 square foot home.
Number of rooms
Generally speaking, the more rooms in a home, the larger the house. Potential buyers should identify rooms they feel are essential. While formal dining rooms once were de rigueur, they largely fell out of favor in recent years in lieu of open floor plans. The more rooms you need, the larger a home should be.
Potential life changes
It’s important to consider life changes on the horizon, and buyers should decide if they want to move as a result of those changes or if they want to set down strong roots and stay in one home. For example, a starter home may be perfect for newlyweds, but the space may be too tight when kids come along. Also, those who anticipate caring for a parent in the future may want a home that will accommodate an extra resident in the years ahead.
Tiny house movement
The trend to live in very small houses has gained popularity in recent years. Many people have chosen to live with less and downsize to diminutive homes. Most “tiny” homes are less than 400 square feet and are not much bigger than some owner’s suites in larger homes. There are merits to small homes, and that includes a small environmental impact, less clutter, financial advantages, and other perks like spending more time outdoors.
Housing budget
Sometimes how much house a person needs comes down to how much he or she can afford. Small homes tend to be less expensive than large ones. However, even small homes in urban areas or those close to the water or other attractive amenities could still cost quite a bit.
Housing size is a personal preference that potential buyers must consider when they are shopping around.
What to know about buying a home in a low inventory market
People who have shopped for homes at any point over the last few years are undoubtedly aware that inventory is low. While low inventory has affected home prices and priced some buyers out of certain markets, the good news is the tide may have started to change as 2023 drew to a close. In fact, a December 2023 report from the National Association of Realtors® indicated home sales rose by nearly 1 percent in November, a month during which single-family home construction also rose by 18 percent compared to October.
Each of those figures could prove a harbinger of good things to come for buyers in 2024. But it can still pay dividends for such buyers to prepare themselves to buy in a low inventory real estate market.
• Prepare to offer more than asking price. Data from the NAR indicates nearly one-third of all homes (28 percent) purchased in October 2023 sold for above asking price. When buyers have fewer homes to choose from, the competition for homes on the market increases, and that typically means buyers will offer more than asking price for homes they truly want. It might not be necessary to offer more than asking price on a given home, but it’s something buyers in a low inventory market must be ready to do.
• Prepare to find additional money, if necessary. Offering more than asking price can be tricky, particularly if a buyer’s offer exceeds the appraised value of the home. The real estate listing service Trulia notes that most lenders will not approve a mortgage for more than the appraised value of a home. Conventional wisdom may indicate it’s never a good idea to offer more for a home than it’s appraised val-
ue, but that scenario has played out with greater frequency in the current low inventory market. Buyers who feel they need to offer more than the appraised value to get a home will have to come up with the extra funds to make up the difference that their mortgage won’t cover.
• Flexibility can be your friend. A low inventory market is a seller’s market. Buyers who can be flexible in regard to seller’s demands and requests might be getting the keys to a new home faster than those who are not as accommodating. Some sellers may request a quick closing, while others may need extra time in the home until they can move into their own new property. Entering the process with the intention of being flexible can be an advantage for buyers in a low inventory market.
• Patience can prevail. It might seem as though there will never again be ample inventory on the real estate market. However, the increase in single-family home construction and forecasts predicting mortgage rates will drop suggest the real estate market could feature more inventory in the months to come. Buyers concerned about going over-budget or making a hasty decision are urged to remain patient if they cannot find a home that works for them personally and financially.
A low inventory real estate market may not be normal. But savvy buyers can still navigate such a market and find a home they love.
By Richard Mabey Jr.
MThis Be Thy Kindness, Never To Be Forgotten
y uncle, Peter Knothe, was one of the kindest individuals whom I have ever known. He and my father had a very close friendship. They loved and greatly respected each other. Uncle Pete was more of a brother to Dad, than he was a brother-in-law. They both married daughters of Edmund and Lydia Kemmerer. They both had this very unique sense of humor.
When Dad was in the hospital, in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, Uncle Pete came out to visit Dad a lot. Dad was fighting pancreatic cancer. I remember, as we all would gather around Dad’s hospital bed, Uncle Pete would say a most thoughtful and reverent prayer. Uncle Pete had a meter, a style, a certain voice tone in his prayers that rang with earnest sincerity.
They were both World War II veterans. They understood the horrors of war that they had seen, first hand. They both knew, deep in their hearts, that there is no glory to war. They were both fiercely patriotic men. Interestingly enough, both of these good men returned home from the war, married and raised their family in their respective family homesteads.
My father went Home to be with the Lord in May of 2006. Uncle Pete did not miss a beat, in becoming the adopted father to my sister and I. A debt that I can only recognize and never repay.
Uncle Pete’s daughter, Linda (Knothe) Intili is a very artistic soul. Linda creates beautiful grave covers, which are sold at the family Christmas Tree stand every year. Every year, since the Christmas of 2006, Linda has created and
designed a most wonderful grave cover for Dad. And, never charged my sister and I for them. During the Christmas season, Uncle Pete and Aunt Alice would put that masterpiece grave cover onto Dad’s grave site.
On Veterans’ Day, Uncle Pete would place a flag next to Dad’s grave. One Easter season, Uncle Pete placed a plastic bunny rabbit and a lily flower in front of Dad’s headstone. Dad loved to chomp on the ears of a candy Easter Bunny. The humorous outlook between Dad and Uncle Pete had lived on, even after Dad went Home to be with the Lord.
Uncle Pete went Home to be with the Lord in April of 2018. He lived to be 96 years old. I don’t think a day goes by that I don’t think of dear old Uncle Pete. He was a very kind, giving man. Uncle Pete worked as a Finishing Carpenter, specializing in building bowling allies. He worked nights and weekends of the family farm. He served as a Volunteer Fire Fighter in Randolph for many years. For many years, he served as the Treasurer of the Jeptha Masonic Lodge in Rockaway. He was a long-term Deacon in his church. For many years, he served as a volunteer for the Deborah Heart and Lung Center in Browns Mills. He was a long-term member of the Randolph VFW and the Randolph Historical Society.
In light of all his many worthwhile accomplishments, I dearly remember Uncle Pete as the kind gentleman who honored my father, even after Dad passed away. There are no words. I so dearly miss my beloved uncle.
Love your family. Forgive, forgive, forgive and then forgive again. Burn all grudges. Tell your loved ones that you love them. For none of us have a guarantee that we will see
tomorrow’s rising sun.
Richard Mabey Jr. is a freelance writer. He has had two books published. He hosts a YouTube Channel titled, “Richard Mabey Presents.” He can be reached at richardmabeyjr@gmail.com.
Dear old Uncle Pete standing beside my Dad’s grave site.
How to upgrade your home to accommodate modern living
Remodeling projects allow homeowners to put their personal stamps on a property. In addition to choosing a color and design scheme that fits a particular aesthetic, homeowners may want to outfit their homes with various features that can make them more accommodating to modern living. Homeowners can use these ideas as a springboard for remodeling projects designed to modernize their homes.
• Open floor plans: Open floor plans remain coveted characteristics of modern home architecture. An open layout enables occupants to feel like they are enjoying spaces together without having to be on top of one another. Since sightlines are not obstructed in open floor plans, homeowners can enjoy a cohesive design style across each level of the home.
• Eco-friendly features: Eco-friendly features modernize homes and may even earn homeowners rebates from the government. From positioning rooms to take advantage of natural sunlight to using environmentally responsible materials throughout a home, modern homes can function with a much smaller carbon footprint than older structures.
• Smart home technology: A smart home is equipped with appliances and other devices that can be controlled remotely, typically from a phone or computer connected to the internet. Investopedia notes that smart home technology offers homeowners convenience and cost savings. Smart home technology is available across a wide range of budgets, ranging from thousands of dollars for a complete home automation to roughly $100 for a small change like a smart thermostat.
• Accessibility features: A home that can grow with its residents is advantageous. When choosing renovations, features like slip-resistant flooring, stylish grab bars and low-threshold or barrier-free showers can enable homeowners to age in place more comfortably.
• Dual owner’s suites: Dual owner’s suites can be an asset for couples who choose to sleep separately. The Sleep Foundation says individuals choose to sleep in different rooms for a variety of reasons, notably reduced sleep interruptions and improved sleep quality. Plus, an extra bedroom can come in handy when one person is ill or in the event a partner snores. Rather than one person in the relationship getting the “lesser” space, certain homebuilders now offer plans for dual owner’s suites so both people get the features they desire in a bedroom.
• Three-season room: Many homeowners aspire to bridge the gap between the indoors and outside. Three-season rooms help transition from the yard to the interior of a home, and offer a touch of nature without the bugs or unpleasant elements.
A number of home improvements can bring homes up to the standards of modern living.
What Ever Happened to the Lenni Lenape?
Homemade Dinners
By Henry M. Holden
Before there were paved highways in America, Native Americans created footpaths to connect villages and create hunting and trade avenues. One ancient trail stretched 200 miles from Port Jervis, New York, along the course of the Delaware River through the lower inlet and the Atlantic Ocean. The path united the clans and villages of the Lenni Lenape Native American nation that once governed the entire river watershed in today’s New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware. Early European colonists referred to this prehistoric pathway as the “Minsi Trail.”
The Indigenous populations of New Jersey were exposed to a foreign culture following the European settlement along the Hudson River by the Dutch, and the Delaware River by the Swedes. These people knew themselves as the Lenni Lenape which meant “original men” although this author has seen other translations in the eastern Algonquin language. They were cousins through the Delaware group, and had a strong alliance with the Iroquois Confederation in the western part of New Jersey.
The population of the Lenni Lenape
when the first Europeans arrived in New Jersey was estimated to be about 2,000. But later, when the Tribe relinquished all claims in 1758 at the treaty of Easton, it was estimated that their numbers had been reduced to half the original number.
The Lenni Lenape was made subject to the Confederation whose warriors, degraded the Lenni Lenape warriors by calling them “women.”
Christopher Columbus mistakenly discovered the western hemisphere during his voyage to locate a Western Trade, route to India. He incorrectly called the Aboriginal people; Indians and the word became. a Pejorative for all native peoples. Like most tribes, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases originating in Europe, such as smallpox but also cholera, influenza, dysentery, and recurrent violent racial conflict with Europeans.
Minsi Trail is prehistoric. Native American artifacts have been found along the rivers and streams. The local Lenni Lenape probably used the sheltered valleys to provide trail corridors for food resources.
In the northwest area of the preserve, just above where India and the Burnett
Illustration courtesy of Herbert C. and John T. Kraft This illustration shows a Lenape family inside their barkhouse. A fire for cooking and to provide warmth is burning in a pit in the center of the floor. Decorative mats on the walls offered some insulation. Smoke escaped through openings in the roof which could be covered in time of rain. Braided ears of corn and herbs were hung from the ceiling, and dried.
What Ever Happened...
Brooks join to become the North Branch of the Raritan River. According to Native American tradition, the Lenni Lenape (“Men among Men”) tribe traveled the trail from Delaware River headwaters in upstate New York to the saltwater river mouth for more than 10,000 years. The trail passes through the Delaware Water Gap where a 1,460-foot-high Mount Minsi is named for the Munsee (“people of the stony country”), the northerly group of the Lenape’s Wolf clan. The Munsee, perhaps because they lived so close to hostile Iroquois warriors in New York, were more war-like than the peaceful Turtle and Turkey clans to the south known as pacifists. The trail and its branches connected the clans and their villages with an estimated several thousand by 1600.
Lenape women and children performed more domestic-type jobs, while the Lenape men were responsible for hunting and fishing, tool making, and building shelters.
The Lenni Lenape people lived completely from what their environment pro-
vided. Women made rugs and mats on which to sit and made baskets for storing and carrying food. Clay pots were used for cooking while clamshells and gourds were used as serving bowls. Gathering and processing the area’s nuts, berries, and underground edible roots also fell to the Lenape women.
Lenape men were required to hunt deer, bear, and small game for meat. They also fished the local streams for trout, bass and, other fish. Men crafted the tools needed for hunting; bow and arrow were the most common tools for hunting land animals while fishhooks were made from animal bone. The fur from mammals served as clothing and bedding, and the feathers from large birds such as duck and geese provided down for insulation.
Both male and female tended to the agricultural needs of the village. Following the end of the frost, the Lenape would plant seeds that had been saved since the previous autumn’s harvest. Corn, beans, and squash were the typical cultivated foods.
Because there is no written record left by the Lenni Lenape, archaeologists and historians are needed to decipher the lifestyle of the native people. The only written descriptions of the Lenape come from European settlers.
Historian Charles Philhower identified and described the Lenape as three regional groups known as the Unami (south) nonelection (central) and the Minsi (north) which were distinguish by their respective turkey, turtle, and wolf tribal totems. Each clan was further divided into individual units living in villages.
Three Minsi villages were situated in Randolph Township near the intersection of Granny’s Brook (Dover) and the Morris Canal at Dover, near Shongum and near Mt. Freedom at Calais.
Three clans made up the Lenni Lenape nation: Wolf; Turtle, and Turkey. Often, the Lenape have been referred to as the “Delaware” because they lived along the Delaware River. The Wolf Clan occupied the land in what is now Monroe County (Pa). This Clan was referred to as the Munsee
or Minsi, the name of their spoken dialect of the Algonquin language. Their area stretched northward along the Delaware River from the point where the Lehigh River meets the Delaware in what is now Easton, New Jersey. The members of the Wolf Clan were known as “People of the Stony Country”
The Turtle Clan occupied land south of the Lehigh-Delaware union, reaching into Philadelphia and were referred to as “People Down the River.” The Turkey Clan lived the furthest south, occupying current-day Wilmington, Delaware. They were called the “People Who Live Near the Ocean.” The three clans were all sects of the Algonquin Tribe and generally lived peacefully with each other. The Lenape, however, did conflict with other warring nations, including the Iroquois and the Cherokee. They were considered savages, because they had no written language to record for posterity, the living moment. They also had little regard for sanitation. They practiced a religion, unlike Christianity or Judaism that the settlers had nev-
cont. from page 24 cont. on page 29
Renovations that help sell homes
The adage “there’s a lid for every pot” suggests that, even in relation to the real estate market, there’s bound to be a buyer for every home on the market. Price is a significant variable in the minds of potential buyers, but there are additional factors that can affect the impression people get of a given home.
Certain home features can tip the scales in favor of sellers. In fact, various renovations can help sell homes more readily. And these renovations need not cost a fortune. Putting a home on the market can be stressful, but these renovations may help it sell fast.
• A fresh coat of paint: Although painting is relatively inexpensive and a job that some do-it-yourselfers can tackle, it’s not a task relished by many. Painting is messy, it takes time, and requires moving furniture. In fact, prepping a room for painting often is the toughest component of any painting job. But fresh coats of paint can create a strong first impression. Choose a neutral color and get painting. Jennie Norris, chairwoman for the International Association of Home Staging Professionals, says gray is a “safe” color that has been trending in recent years.
• Minor bathroom remodel: Remove dated wall coverings, replace fixtures, consider re-glazing or replacing an old tub, and swap old shower doors for fast fixes in a bathroom. If there’s more room in the budget, replacing a tub, tile surround, floor, toilet, sink, vanity, and fixtures can cost roughly $10,500, says HGTV. You’ll recoup an average of $10,700 at resale, making a minor bathroom remodel a potentially worthy investment.
Footcare You Can Count On
• Redone kitchen: The kitchen tends to be the hub of a home. This room gets the most usage and attention of any space, and it’s a great place to focus your remodeling attention. The National Association of the Remodeling Industry estimates that homeowners can recover up to 52 percent of the cost of a kitchen upgrade upon selling a home. Buyers want a functional and updated kitchen. Trending features include drawer-style microwaves and dishwashers, commercial ranges, hidden outlets, and even wine refrigerators.
• Updated heating and cooling system: Better Homes and Gardens reports that homeowners may be able to recoup 85 percent of the cost of new HVAC systems when they sell their homes. Heating, cooling and ventilation components are vital to maintain. You don’t want buyers to be taken aback by an older system, and many millennial buyers are not willing to overlook old mechanical systems.
• Fresh landscaping: A home’s exterior is the first thing buyers will see. If they pull up to a home with eye-catching landscaping and outdoor areas that are attractive yet functional, they’re more likely to be intrigued. Often buyers will equate a home that features an impressive exterior with upkeep inside as well. The American Nursery Landscape Association says the average homeowner may spend $3,500 for landscaping.
Improving a home’s chances to sell quickly and at a higher price often comes down to making smart improvements that catch the eyes of buyers.
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What Ever Happened...
cont. from page 26
er seen. Their religion promised a material existence after life more rewarding than the present and they sustained their lives through symbols, mysticism and superstition.
They survived by hunting deer and other flesh borne animals and fished, gathered berries, and cultivating vegetables.
The fact that Lenni Lenape lived in small clans influenced their culture and economic development. This close to nature, the group reinforced its customs, and living conditions and were intimidated by the Europeans.
A remarkable effort was required by everyone to gather food sources necessary for tribal survival from the natural abundance that surround them.
The Lenape kinship system had matrilineal clans. That is, children belong to their mother’s clan, from which they gain social status and identity.
The mother’s eldest brother was more significant as a mentor to the male children than was their father, who was generally of another clan. Hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line, and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved.
Agricultural land was managed by women and allotted according to the subsistence needs of their extended families. Families were matrilocal; newlywed couples would live with the bride’s parents.
During the decades of the 18th century, most Lenape was pushed out of their homeland by expanding European colonies. Their disastrous situation was exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts.
The English “rewarded” the Lenni Lenape for their friendship and loyalty by requiring a treaty from the tribes, signed at Easton, in 1758. The treaty was another example of the white man taking advantage of the native population.
The treaty released all remaining land in New Jersey near the “drowned” lands along the Sussex County to the Board of Proprietors. Then most of the three tribes officially joined the Mohicans and moved into western Pennsylvania and then west to Indian territory and Wisconsin.
Those who remained in New Jersey were remanded to the first Indian reservation, at Brotherton, now known as Indian Hills. The reservation was established by friendly Quakers concerned with the welfare of the Minsi. In 1832, New Jersey State Legislature appropriated $2,000 as a final payment to the remaining Lenape for all rights to land in New Jersey.
In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in Oklahoma, with some communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario, and in their traditional homelands
By Evan Wechman
NJ Starz: Tracy Wolfson Bergen County
s early as eight years old, Tracy Wolfson, the CBS reporter who received the Sports Emmy for Outstanding Sideline Reporter in 2024 knew she wanted to cover sports for a living. Despite the jokes from her elementary school friends at the time Wolfson has defied the odds.
In a male-dominated industry, this Bergen County mother of three has achieved what many thought was impossible. She can be seen almost ev-
Phot credit: Wajmah Strange, CBS
Kay Spa
cont. from page 30
ery football Sunday, working with Jim Nantz and Tony Romo as the lead team on the CBS featured game of the week.
According to Wolfson, the road however has not been easy. Before she even set foot at the University of Michigan to study communications, she noticed how few female sports journalists were on the big networks. Undeterred, she quickly learned everything she could. She remembers watching female sports reporters on her television set in her parent’s house and feeling inspired.
“The first person I watched when I decided that that’s what I wanted to do, was on” NBA Inside Stuff.” I watched Willow Bay, and I loved her presence, and I loved the fact she was talking about sports, and that’s what I wanted to do. I want to talk sports for the rest of my life, “Wolfson said. “I watched a lot of her, and I watched a lot of Michelle Tafoya who was there when I was in college and even when I was a researcher at CBS, my first year, I was doing research for her. She was someone I looked up to. Bonnie Bernstein came before me a little bit but I was able to watch her my last semester (at the University of Michigan) and she has always been a mentor of mine. I was fortunate enough to work for the same company as her and she’s always been a role model for me. So, I just watched everyone to gain as much knowledge as possible.”
Wolfson loved sports but was unsure where she could practice being a reporter. It seemed like there were more oportunities for men, and she knew she would have to work every bit as hard as them, to obtain a big-time job in the field.
“It was kind of a long path for me to be honest. There weren’t many women in the field at that time. I didn’t know nyone in the business. I didn’t really have anyone to look up to and I didn’t have mentors. I just was able to watch those reporters back before me on TV. And so, I really got a lot of practice in my bedroom, watching a lot of sports, and trying to broadcast into a tape recorder at the time and just trying to get the feel of doing reports or play-by-play, whatever it might be following sports,” she said.
cont. on page 33
page 32
Her love of sports and dedication to the craft led to her big break at the University of Michigan. Wolfson loved the environment of Ann Arbor with its great combination of big-time athletics and intense academics. However, working in the media was a highly sought-after career, and she wanted to get a leg up.
Though she didn’t have many contacts at college, she quickly formed solid relationships with the network professionals looking for interns. When she landed an internship, Wolfson showed her versatility by being willing to work on any event that needed coverage, even if she wasn’t familiar with the sport. According to Wolfson, this separated her from the competition.
After college, she landed many jobs at various stations in the greater New York area. Network executives knew they could count on her to put in the time and research to learn the essentials of any event. In the late 1990s, she could even be seen on television broadcasting at lesser-known sporting events like auto racing and the rodeo.
“I didn’t know anything about the rodeo. I didn’t know much about car racing You’re thrown into the fire and have to be versatile and be willing to do anything. The same principles that go for preparing for the rodeo, an auto race, track and field, or tennis, you name it, it doesn’t matter. It’s just about preparation, research, asking questions, and preparing for that event. And so that’s kind of how I started and its allowed me to have longevity in the business. Especially with CBS where I presently work, they know they can throw me into any role and I can do it because I’m going to give as much effort into any event as I would a basketball or football game.”
This drive and willingness to pitch in helped Wolfson become a CBS Sports Reporter for SEC College football on Saturdays during the first half of her career. She was a key member of the CBS broadcasting crew with Verne Lundquist and Todd Blackledge. She received critical praise and was seen as an asset in the industry. However, as much as she loved the excitement of college football, Wolfson wanted to climb to even greater heights.
cont. on page 34
At the time, CBS wasn’t using as many sideline reporters during their football coverage and wasn’t carrying Thursday Night Football. Wolfson heard they might be interested in getting the rights to that game, and wanted to be on the sideline.
“I got the courage to ask my boss at the time and say, if we get Thursday night football, and you guys decide you want to use reporters again, I want the opportunity to do it. And that took a lot. I was feeling comfortable and doing well but I wanted to try this new opportunity and put myself out there. But I felt I was ready. I already had my third kid. I was starting to feel like I was growing out from the college environment, and I wanted another challenge, and I knew if I didn’t get the opportunity, they might go to someone else and I would never get that chance. And so that was for me, a defining moment in my career.”
Wolfson’s boss said yes, and her career has since taken off. She is not only working prime-time football and basketball games but also serves as a panelist on CBS Sports “WE Need to Talk,”, the first nationally televised all-female sports show. Through it all, Wolfson has been active in many philanthropies and has also mentored young journalists.
She has volunteered her time and money to help the March of Dimes, her local Jewish Community Center, and advocate for greater diabetes research. According to Wolfson, she wants to show her children that there is an opportunity to help those who are less fortunate. This has become an active theme in her household as her son Dylan, a University of Michigan undergraduate has helped students in underserved areas get lacrosse equipment. He has also donated his time by giving free lessons to them as well.
Wolfson also finds time during the summer to speak with aspiring broadcasters from her alma mater to give them advice and direction.
For Wolfson, giving back seems as natural as reporting on the sidelines. However, during her career, she has seen a shift in the perception of female journalists.
She recalls an ex-boss who told her she couldn’t know as much about sports as her male co-workers. This occurred early in her career, and Wolfson thinks such an outdated mentality is rare today. Still, she claims the incident motivated her to prove the naysayers wrong.
Wolfson has lasted in this business due to her knowledge, persistence, and willingness to tackle new roles. She hopes she serves as an example to the next generation of female journalists and has helped erase any misconceptions about females in sports. She believes it comes down to doing the job.
“If you know your stuff, go out there with confidence, and present yourself well then you won’t draw attention to the fact that hey, I’m a woman. Just do your job, and you’ll be fine. And I think I’ve seen over the years, more and more women in this business do such a good job because they do hold themselves that way. They hold themselves accountable. They know their stuff. They’re very strong,” Wolfson said.
Wolfson can laugh now when she looks back at all her friends from elementary school who teased her about her hopes of working in a male-dominated industry. She said that when she runs into her old friends today, they tell her how proud they are that she stuck to her dreams.
She also is not scared of losing her job to the next group of female journalists. Rather, she wants to help pass the torch.
“There’s competition out there but I’m not worried about that. I want to pave the way for the next generation of incredible reporters out there.”
