NFDC
Demolition Exclusion Zones
DRG 110:2014
INTRODUCTION The National Federation of Demolition Contractors (NFDC) is represented on the British Standards subcommittee which prepares the code of practice for demolition (BS6187) and is, along with the Institute of Demolition Engineers (IDE), the Voice of the Global Demolition Industry. Founded in 1941 to help spearhead London’s post-Blitz clean-up campaign, the NFDC’s members are responsible for more than 90% of all demolition that takes place in the UK. Today, the NFDC is committed to establishing safe working practices for its members and to represent their interests in areas such as training, safety, the environment, waste management,industry guidance, legislative changes and codes of practice.
However, in researching and preparing the information contained within this document the NFDC cannot be held responsible for its subsequent use, nor for any errors or omissions it may contain. Details of NFDC publications are available at www.demolition-nfdc.com or via:
National Federation of Demolition Contractors Paradise Hemel Hempstead Herts HP2 4TF Tel: 01442 217144 Fax: 01442 218268
SPONSORS & FUNDERS:
The National Federation of Demolition Contractors would like to thank the following organisations for their help in producing this document:
NFDC WORKING GROUP: Howard Button
Chief Executive NFDC
Dr Terry Quarmby Dorton Group
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EXCLUSION ZONES The British Standard Code of Practice (BS6187:2011) concerns the process of demolition and includes for structural refurbishment from initial considerations, through planning and design to the execution stages. A most important aspect of this code of practice is the reference to Exclusion Zones and safe working spaces for the safety of those persons on the site and others who may be affected by the works. This guidance informs contractors, designers, clients and other interested parties how to apply the principles of BS6187:2011 and current industry best practice to meet legislative and regulative conditions for safe working on a demolition or structural refurbishment site where the use of Exclusion Zones to form safe working spaces is critical to the application of good safety management.
Use of this document
This guidance and its recommendations should not be quoted as a specification of the intended works. It has been assumed that in the preparation of this document its use will be entrusted to suitably \qualified and experienced persons. Any user of this document claiming compliance with the guidance stated within must be able to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations. The information given within this document is intended to reflect a common sense approach in the design and use of safe working spaces. Care must be taken to apply these principles in a measured manner being mindful of the prevailing site and surrounding vicinity conditions and the results of appropriate risk assessment.
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SCOPE Exclusion Zones
Definition: an exclusion zone can be thought of as a three dimensional space into which all non essential persons and non operational plant or machinery are excluded from entry or work.
However, that interpretation is somewhat simplistic given that in some circumstances people and or their equipment may need access during the ongoing operations for a variety of purposes. It is with this in mind that the definition of an Exclusion Zone, which incidentally could also be referred to as a ‘controlled zone’, may need to be adjusted to suit the conditions and methodology of the intended work. For example; i.
ii. iii.
a building is to be cleared of all furnishings, fittings and non structural elements (soft strip). An exclusion zone will be set up around the working area to exclude all but the operatives engaged in those works. the building is to be taken down by a demolition rig equipped with a selector grab. An exclusion zone will be set up around the building to exclude all but the machine involved in the works.
the building is to be taken down by controlled explosive demolition. An exclusion zone is to be set up around the building and will include a designated surrounding area to exclude all persons and vehicles until such time as the all clear is sounded.
These simplified examples merely show the scope of interpretation and irrespective of the methodology to be employed, each demolition or structural refurbishment activity should be individually assessed to take account of the differing types of work and situations that can arise. Exclusion Zones should be applied when the whole structure or part of a structure is being demolished and should include all areas where demolition machines, plant and vehicles are operating and where arisings from the demolition works will be deposited, stored and or handled.
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In many circumstances authorised people, plant and/or equipment will need access during the ongoing operations for a variety of purposes. For example: i.
ii.
iii.
iv. v. vi.
A building is unsound and is fenced off to keep everyone out. The entire area within the fence is an exclusion area.
Work to make safe or demolish the building needs to be carried out. Authorised personnel are allowed to enter the fence line in order to assess, survey and measure the structure in readiness for the work. If the building is unsound they carry out as much work as possible without entry or close approach. Some parts of the building are judged to be sound. An additional fence line is installed to create an inner total exclusion zone where materials could fall. The authorised persons are then able to carry out work in the remaining area. Note: this may not be possible if collapse of the deteriorated parts would cause the sound sections to collapse as well. In some cases the majority of a building is assessed as sound to work in but e.g. the floors in some rooms are thought to be rotten. Those rooms are barriered off to prevent access. A warning sign explaining the reason is also placed at each barriered access point.
The building is to be cleared of all furnishings, fittings and non structural elements (soft strip). An exclusion zone will be set up around the working area to exclude all but the operatives engaged in those works.
Most of the soft strip arisings are to be dropped from, e.g. a balcony or other secure opening to the ground below. An exclusion zone is set up below the area. All other work on that flank of the building is stopped. A tight communications system is set up to ensure that the ground level debris pile is only cleared when dropping of materials has ended.
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Safe Working Spaces
Definition: a safe working space can be thought of as a designated area where an overall managed health and safety regime is in place in which people; machines and vehicles can move around without risk of collision and or harm arising.
If this interpretation may appear simplistic it is so intended because no work space should have a risk rating greater than the ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable). Where risk assessment identifies a significant hazard, i.e. the risk of falling masonry striking someone or something, suitable and adequate control measures should be implemented to eradicate or at worst reduce the risk to an acceptable level. If the interpretation of acceptable is subjective the risk assessment should be interrogated to ensure that its parameters are extended to take account of any wider issues. A safe working space can be a part of a working site area, which may also be within an Exclusion Zone, which through full time supervision people, machinery and vehicles are managed to ensure that any interaction is carried out in a controlled manner and or that complete separation of all elements are guaranteed. Conversely, a safe working space may be the immediate area around one operative carrying out a designated task in which he/she are managing and being responsible for their own safety and health. It is possible to have multiple safe working spaces if applying this latter principle although in reality one would naturally be inclined to declare the whole of the area of movement as a safe working zone. Taking this a step further: a machine operator working within an Exclusion Zone may also be said to be operating within a safe working space provided they remain within the safety of his/her cab which is fully protected by a demolition cage and laminated windows and will invariably include a roll over protection structure (ROPS), a falling object protection structure (FOPS) and a mandatory falling object guard screen (FOGS).
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Exclusion Zones and safe working spaces (combined)
It will be obvious that any Exclusion Zone needs to maintain an element of safe working space if there is intention to access that zone at some stage during the works. Therefore the term Exclusion Zone can be implied to mean a safe working zone into which people and their work equipment will be admitted if and providing a number of parameters can be adequately and safely satisfied. Those parameters will include but are not limited to the following;
i. ii. iii. iv. v.
Personnel directly involved in the demolition work need to be within the Exclusion Zone They can be located in a position of safety appropriate to the stage of demolition They need not encroach nearer than the designated buffer area It is inappropriate for them to work outside of the Exclusion Zone An adequate and appropriate safety regime is in place
In these instances the extent of the Exclusion Zone should be varied according to the demolition activity and the rate of progress. The number of persons working within any Exclusion Zone should be cognisant with the type and extent of the operations which should be monitored continuously to ensure that the safe working system is in place and working effectively and efficiently.
The use of Exclusion Zones under these parameters can be associated with works of a nature requiring site staff having controlled entry access. However, an assessment should be made to ensure that persons outside of those Exclusion Zones are not exposed to physical, chemical or biological hazards or to noise, vibration and dust during any stage of the demolition or structural refurbishment works. The contractor needs to be cautious when deciding which operations and which staff need access inside an exclusion zone. For example, recovery of whole bricks for recycling and sale is often carried out by gangs picking and cleaning them from where they fell during machine demolition. Unless the whole structure is reduced to ground level, work of this nature should not be classed as essential. Where fallen materials are in the way demolition can stop with the building left in a stable condition while fallen materials are removed by a machine with full falling object protection to a sorting area away from the main demolition work. Figure 1 is drawn directly from the British Standard and is an example of where a person (operator) and a demolition machine are required to work within the exclusion zone. Inside of the Exclusion Zone boundary are a number of other zones which are explained in following sections. Many of these other zones are transient by virtue of the progress of reduction and or the set down areas for the processing of materials.
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The Exclusion Zone can be made up of a series of inner zones. This process of identification is important where the demolition work involves the mechanical reduction of a structure in which the machine is placed externally and rubble is allowed to run off the face. Table 1 is taken from the British Standard and describes the areas in question.
Table 1 Area
Description
Designed drop area
The immediate hazard area where the principal mass of the collapsing structure is planned to drop. Also included in this area is the plan area.
Plan area
Predicted debris area Buffer area
The area of the structure or part of the structure that is to be demolished and is the subject of the assessment
The perimeter of this second hazard area is the predicted limit or extent to which any debris from, or secondary material resulting from, the structure being demolished will travel and come to rest. A hazard area that is planned to allow for any unpredictable events. People beyond the external perimeter of this area (the theoretical boundary of the Exclusion Zone) are safe from the effects of the demolition activity.
Note that each of the listed zones that make up the overall demolition exclusion zone are laid out based on the probability of falling material landing in them i.e. there is certainty that material will fall into the drop zone area; but it is unlikely (though possible) that fallen material will enter the buffer zone. The zones indicate but do not dictate whether personnel should be allowed to enter them during the work. If it is possible that material could go beyond the planned buffer zone outer boundary then either:
• the buffer zone is not large enough; or • the method of demolition is unsuitable; or • the containment measures for controlling fallen debris are not adequate.
The controller of the site, usually the site manager or supervisor, should be mindful of the unpredictability of certain aspects of the reduction process when placing each zoned area around the structure to be demolished. The setting of the predicted debris area, for example, should take account of the height and location of the structure, adverse wind conditions and the size of the debris as it is felled etc.
Masonry hitting the ground at high velocity following a long drop is likely to be ejected some distance if the drop area is hard and or uneven. The shearing of any steel structures can result in the ejection of small pieces, from the jaws of the attachment, which have been known to travel some distance from the workface. As indicated in figure 1 the predicted debris area is always likely to move, particularly as the machine moves inwards, as the structure is reduced unless the resulting debris in its cumulative form is transferred to the rear of the machine for further processing or that previously accumulated debris, .i.e soft strip materials needs to be removed.
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In which case further zones may be added as follows:
Table 2 Area
Description
Drop area
A hazard area into which materials are deposited by hand or machine, usually around the base of the structure
Processing area
A hazard area in which the arisings from the demolition activity are taken or transferred (haymaking) for separation, evaluation, processing and loading.
These and other aspects are important to consider particularly when deciding on extent of the buffer area where, as an example, on its outer periphery the banksman for the machine will inevitably be standing. It is equally possible to expect that the processing area may have its own sub-zones, i.e. loading area, cleaning area or asbestos storage area etc. The importance of risk assessment, regarding the processing area, should not be marginalised as it would be easy to concentrate on the reduction process of the structure itself and forget or downgrade the importance of other processes. Whilst the demolition machine undertaking the demolition of the structure is creating significant hazards within a controlled zone, the processing of those arisings can give rise to significant hazards in terms of collision, striking, crushing, noise, vibration, dust and exposure to hazardous materials etc.
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Design of Exclusion Zones and safe working spaces
It is unlikely that one demolition site will mirror that of another which means that all Exclusion Zones and safe working spaces are just as likely to be different for each and every project. Therefore, the formation of an appropriate and relevant assessment/appraisal is vital to ensure that a safe system of work will be in place. Persons tasked with undertaking this assessment process should be competent in their ability to devise the Exclusion Zone and to give recommendations on the maintenance or alteration as necessary. The Exclusion Zone should be designed with a number of factors in mind (Table 3) and made up of the constituent areas as noted in Table 1.
Table 3
Factor to be considered
The site, including topography The structure and construction materials Ground conditions Landscape features Method of demolition Types of plant and equipment in use Cost Reclamation and recycling opportunities
Additional factors
The immediate environment Height, width and below ground Will adverse weather conditions have an effect Constraints on movement on site % of mechanical to manual working Availability Within budget? Time to deliver those opportunities
Where it is intended that vehicles and machines are operational within the Exclusion Zone, the setting of the constituent areas should take account of crushing hazards between the machine and stationary objects, inadvertent movements of the machine or vehicles and the proximity of the structures to adjacent retained or live public areas. Where pedestrian and machine movements are to take place simultaneously, clearly defined traffic routes should be in place to segregate and control. See Table 4 Hazards. When a method of deliberate collapse is used, a space for the falling structure or materials should be assessed to extend the line at least 20Âş either side of the designated drop area, where practical and possible (generally for consideration during controlled explosive demolition or felling by pulling). In situations where there are gaps in information about the design or the condition of a structure, or where there are uncertainties as to the effect of any preweakening, the drop zone and debris zone angles will need to be increased accordingly. The use of designated drop areas within an Exclusion Zone is also commonly applied for activities such as soft stripping where it is necessary to create a safe ‘drop’ zone/area around the base of the structure to be demolished. As shown below. Figure 2
Figure 3
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The use of ‘drop zones’ within the overall exclusion zone of the site is common place in today’s demolition environment. Openings within the fabric of the structure such as windows, doorways, lift shafts, stairwells and atriums etc can be utilised to efficiently and expediently move large volumes of materials and debris, often straight to the external areas of the structure.
However, depositing small or large volumes of demolition material directly out of a window should only be attempted when conditions allow. For example, high winds to exposed elevations of a building are likely to have a real time effect on how the material makes its way to the ground, to land within the designated drop zone.
Even slight or moderate winds will influence safety factors if those apertures are at or above what may be considered as a standard or normal height, i.e. 2 or 3 storeys. Therefore common sense would dictate that light and or aerially dynamic materials should not be allowed to freefall where there is a risk of missing the drop zone and endangering site personnel or members of the public. It is difficult to predict how far a falling object may travel horizontally before it strikes the ground. This is influenced by: •
•
•
•
•
•
How the object is dropped - is it held still and simply released to fall under gravity, or is it thrown out so that it has horizontal momentum as well?
The shape of the object - is it flat like a roof tile or bulky like a brick? Anything that has a flat profile can slice through the air so that any initial horizontal force can cause it to travel quite a distance. Items like roof slates will fall the furthest horizontally as they can literally slide sideways off the cushion of air below them.
The wind speed (including gusts) - is there likely to be more than a gentle breeze on that face of the building? Wind is always stronger at height and gaps between tall buildings are notorious for high wind speed as the air is funnelled around the building. This will have the greatest effect on lighter objects with a large surface area - such as strip timber and doors etc. Obstructions on the way down - will falling debris strike projecting stonework, or steelwork, or scaffold, or plant etc and be deflected sideways with increased horizontal momentum? Or could it be deflected back into the building through a window or opening below the drop point?
How will the fall energy be absorbed on the ground? Hard objects may shatter and project fragments. Striking a hard surface may cause some items to rebound and travel some distance. If the debris pile forms a steep angle or if the ground falls away from the drop zone then falling materials will travel much further on rebound. Are there any long items? Dropped vertically these will usually topple over on impact and may somersault.
Note that the exclusion zones should be based on horizontal debris travel in all directions from the point of release, unless there are structures in place that will prevent travel. In general this means taking account of travel outwards from the building and along the flank in both directions. Be aware also that dropping materials from a cantilevered or overhanging section, or where the building is raised on open columns etc can result in debris going underneath the structure. In general, falling masonry (ie bricks, blocks and stone that is disrupted by machine or dropped from an opening) is less likely to be affected by wind and has sufficient mass to mean that over enthusiastic dropping of materials is unlikely to cause much horizontal travel on the way down unless the material is deliberately thrown.
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For manual dropping it may be possible to limit the drop zone to 25% of the fall height (i.e drop height to ground - not drop height to top of debris pile). To this must be added a debris zone which will be affected by the tendency of the material to scatter on landing. No fallen material should enter the outer buffer zone under normal circumstances. Materials which do not crumble or crumple and absorb energy - such as falling steelwork in short lengths - are more likely to pick up some horizontal momentum, and to rebound or project other materials some distance. A larger drop zone and debris zone may therefore be required. Most soft strip materials are much more sensitive to the influences listed above. Soft strip materials are usually dropped by hand or pushed from an opening at a time when several gangs may be busy on site and moving around. The temptation to minimise localised exclusion zones - eg below a window opening - at a busy time on site must be avoided. Planning the drop zone should commence with an expectation that it is likely to be at least 50% of the fall height. Large sheet materials should not be dropped more than a fall distance equal to their length in an unconfined situation. This includes full plywood etc sheets, dry plasterboard, sheet insulation, cladding materials including corrugated iron, steel or aluminium or composite sheeting, etc. Even if a trial is conducted these materials can behave unpredictably with the occasional one travelling a considerable horizontal distance.
Note that dismantled scaffolding should not be dropped under any circumstances. Control measures may be needed to prevent non-tolerable damage. Alternatively a different method of removing materials should be selected. In all cases, both internal and external dropping of materials - the work must be planned and control maintained throughout by a combination of briefing, real time communications, supervision, and monitoring. The arrangements will include how the material is to be removed from the floor levels and the immediate drop zone areas to keep access, gangways and emergency routes free and to prevent the introduction of other hazards such as fire and personal injury. Depositing materials into an internal drop zone, i.e. lift shafts, stairwells and atriums etc can have additional problems creating hazards and damage to infrastructure, the fabric of the building, shear walls and safety systems such as barriers, signs, gates, hand rails and lighting etc. In addition to those factors and where relevant and appropriate any others, the presence, proximity and or generation of any hazards should also be assessed. Whilst the actual process of demolition may itself invoke the presence of a hazard by the very nature of its ability to create potential unsafe situations, i.e. falling masonry, those situations will arise within a predicted debris area where they are controlled and the zone monitored for its effectiveness. The setting of all the areas within the overall Exclusion Zone has to take account of the hazards created during the work and those that may be present prior to work commencing. Demolition machinery, for example, should be given sufficient room to manoeuvre and operate safely, fuel, delivery and pick up vehicles should be placed in a position away from the structures being felled and operatives maintaining or setting up the individual zones and areas should be in a position of safety at all times.
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Examples of other hazards related to the areas of an Exclusion Zone are described in Table 4 below.
The extent of the designated drop areas and the predicted debris area, the alignment of the line of fall and the allowed deviation from that line for structures, including chimneys, should be determined by taking account of factors such as the following; i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.
The height of the structure to be felled. Any deviation in cross section, e.g. shape and wall thickness throughout the height. The presence and location of shear walls, e.g. lift shafts, stairwells and service risers. Any apertures, e.g. flue entries at the base or within the height to be felled, including those that have been filled (should investigate the strength and efficiency of the fill material). The extent of any deterioration of the materials (including general decay, corrosion, weathering, poorly executed previous structural alterations, fire damage, etc) The predicted break-up and fragmentation pattern of the structure as it falls. Materials that can become loose, such as rooftop structures or metal rings that can roll or be projected a further distance after the structure has hit the ground. Break-up of the structure on impact, including potential for ‘fly’ of material. Any lack of information or doubt about its validity that affects understanding of how the structure may behave during demolition. The surrounding environment.
Table 4 Source of hazard
Area affected
Root cause
Outcome
Working at height
All areas of the plan
Falls from height
Death or serious injury
Falling materials from the structure
Drop zone/area
Deliberate ejection from height
Material dropping to ground within the immediate external area
Falling materials from the structure
Drop zone/area
Deliberate ejection from height
Material dropping to ground or floor levels within the immediate internal area
Falling materials from the structure
Designated drop area plus predicted debris area and possibly within the buffer area
Mechanical reduction of the structure or propulsion by explosive demolition
Fragments of structure, i.e. steel, cast, concrete, brick, blast protection etc ejected from the face
Falling materials from the structure
Designated drop area plus predicted debris area and possibly within the buffer area
‘slap effect’ due to impact on landing area such as ground, hardcore cushion, fill area etc
Felled structure, whole or part, via deliberate controlled collapse or blasting
Designated drop area plus predicted debris area and possibly within the buffer area
‘slap effect’ due to impact on landing area such as ground, hardcore cushion, fill area etc
Non-structure
Designated drop area plus predicted debris area although preferably not within the buffer area
Work on site initiating noise, air overpressure, ground vibration, dust etc
Non-structure
Designated drop area plus predicted Work on site involving mechanical, debris area although preferably not electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic plant and equipment as well as vehicles within the buffer area
Clods of earth, pieces of hardcore, water surge, fragments of structure, i.e. steel, cast, concrete, brick, etc ejected from the landing area Clods of earth, pieces of hardcore, water surge, fragments of structure, i.e. steel, cast, concrete, brick, etc ejected from the landing area Indirect effects such as distraction, shock, damage to critical services etc
Collision, striking, cuts, bruising, low falls, trip, slips, abrasions, burns, breaks etc
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Reducing the extent of Exclusion Zones and safe working spaces
Ideally, one would desire that the Exclusion Zone be of sufficient length and depth to accommodate the entire structure within or the resulting materials from its reduction as they are produced. However, many sites are likely to be constrained by their location, i.e. city or town centre position etc where operating space will be at a premium and the intended methodology and logistics of the work will play a large part.
Formulating a safe system of work under these circumstances will need a greater degree of planning which in turn will require control measures to suit. The need to protect and safeguard members of the public from injury to self or belongings, particularly where high rise structures in busy areas are to be taken down, will inevitably require full height and sheeted scaffolding with debris fans fitted, crash decks and or gantries etc. Such systems should be designed to take account of the loads imposed (including wind) when sheeting or netting is used (refer to BS EN 12811-1 and TG20:13) and should be supported by drawings and calculations that are clearly understood by site management personnel. These types of protective systems can substantially reduce the overall size of the Exclusion Zone but are invariably largely ineffectual to contain ejected debris larger than a few millimetres in diameter. Therefore, the overall safe system of work, in tandem with the agreed method of work, must ensure that adequate and appropriate control measures are in place to counter any loss of materials over the side of the structure. Risk management planning at a confined site can have implications for the fundamental selection of the demolition method. Where the structure is deteriorated or intrinsically weak this means that unplanned wholesale collapse could occur during demolition. Top down demolition with personnel inside the structure would be unwise unless substantial propping, tying and bracing temporary works were carried out. Note that in some instances where the risk of progressive collapse is too high, it may not be possible to send a gang in to install temporary support. Mechanical demolition from ground level may only be suitable if there is room for a large exclusion area and the safety of plant operators can be assured. If a smaller exclusion zone is available then major temporary works including containment may be required to prevent wholesale collapse.
Inconvenience and danger to nearby residents needs to be minimised at all sites. It may be possible to move a few residents for an extended period. However if a large number need to be moved out the easiest way of achieving this is often by explosive demolition where the buffer zone can be extended to include neighbouring houses and streets for the brief period before and during the drop. Contractors need to liaise with the client from the start and must not be persuaded to use a high risk method if a different approach would be significantly safer all round. External advice may be needed but the risk management process should consider the implications, including cost issues, should the work go wrong.
For other types of sites where the Exclusion Zone can be of sufficient size to accommodate all other sub zones (referred to in Table 1), a number of measures may be considered to help reduce the overall size. For example, the initial removal by crane or other means, of substructures such as tanks, air handling equipment, canopies, plant housing etc on the roof or attached to the structure will significantly reduce the amount or potential for debris ejection during felling, deliberate collapse and or accidental/incidental detachment.
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In other instances retaining and maintaining existing physical features such as retaining walls, inclined ground etc or specially constructed new features such as earth bunds and barriers can be utilised to contain debris thereby reducing the predicted debris zones to bring in the buffer areas closer to the structure.
Permissions, consents and licenses
Early consideration should be given to whether any permissions, consents or licenses/permits are required for the works and subsequently the placement of Exclusion Zones in and around the structures to be felled. This will be particularly relevant where a dangerous structure could affect public safety on the highway or private road.
Setting out the Exclusion Zone over highways or private property will involve discussions with a number of parties including local authority, highways agency, police, emergency services, property owners, public transport operators and utility providers. Note that where a structure is found to be immediately dangerous to the public, the Local Authority (usually via the Building Control Department) can act to control or remove the danger. This can include arranging demolition or creating a fenced exclusion zone to allow time for the client to act. All demolition activities need planning permission.
Structural refurbishment and the use of Exclusion Zones
The degree to which the structural refurbishment is invasive and will affect the structure and adjacent structures should be assessed both before and during the work to determine the Exclusion Zone and any constituent areas. This assessment should be undertaken for each and every element of the work and encompassed into the safe system of work and overall plan of demolition/reduction. Providing for and proposing drop areas, predicted debris areas, buffer areas and storage points will invariably require input from a structural engineer to ensure the continued stability of the retained structure and the identification of safe working spaces, access and egress and emergency routes etc. Planning for Exclusion Zones in settings where the building is occupied and or the adjacent structure is occupied can be troublesome. In addition to such as party wall agreements there may also be a requirement for agreement to be reached with all parties for partial/temporary closure or even decamping during some work activities. Equally, consideration may need to given to emergency measures in the event of structural failure, fire, power loss or security incidents as well as local statutory nuisance and health issues derived from noise, vibration, asbestos and dust etc.
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FURTHER READING BS 6187:2011 Code of practice for full and partial demolition BS 5607:1998 Code of practice for safe use of explosives in the construction industry BS EN 1991-1-6 Eurocode 1 – actions on structures BS EN 12811-1 Temporary works equipment part 1 -scaffolds
Other NFDC publications available in this series include:
DRG 100:2013 Safe Use of Mobile crushers in Demolition DRG 102:2013 High Reach Demolition Rig Guidance Notes DRG 102:2013 Guidance for Deconstruction of Tower Blocks DRG 103:2013 Work with non licensed asbestos containing materials DRG 104:2013 Demolition attachments DRG 105 Temporary works overview DRG 105: 001 Temporary works site hoardings DRG 106 Scaffolding for demolition and structural refurbishment DRG 107 Termination of services DRG 108 Waste and Permitting Guidance DRG 109:2013 DRIDS
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NOTES
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NOTES
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Produced by the National Federation of Demolition Contractors.
Requests to copy or reproduce any part of this publication should be made to:
National Federation of Demolition Contractors Paradise Hemel Hempstead Hertfordshire HP2 4TF Tel: 01442 217144 Fax: 01442 218268 www.demolition-nfdc.com
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF DEMOLITION CONTRACTORS Resurgam House • Paradise • Hemel Hempstead • Hertfordshire • HP2 4TF Tel: 01442 217144 • Fax: 01442 218268 • www.demolition-nfdc.com
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NATIONAL FEDERATION OF DEMOLITION CONTRACTORS Resurgam House • Paradise • Hemel Hempstead • Hertfordshire • HP2 4TF Tel: 01442 217144 • Fax: 01442 218268 • www.demolition-nfdc.com