[PDF Download] Taber s cyclopedic medical dictionary 24th edition venes md msj full chapter pdf

Page 1


Taber

24th Edition Venes Md Msj

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://textbookfull.com/product/taber-s-cyclopedic-medical-dictionary-24th-edition-ve nes-md-msj/

More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant download maybe you interests ...

Teaching Secondary Chemistry Keith S. Taber (Ed.)

https://textbookfull.com/product/teaching-secondary-chemistrykeith-s-taber-ed/ Mosby's Medical Dictionary Mosby

https://textbookfull.com/product/mosbys-medical-dictionary-mosby/

Frommer s France 24th Edition Jane Anson

https://textbookfull.com/product/frommer-s-france-24th-editionjane-anson/

The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology 3rd Edition Hagop M. Kantarjian

https://textbookfull.com/product/the-md-anderson-manual-ofmedical-oncology-3rd-edition-hagop-m-kantarjian/

Ophthalmology

5th Edition Jay S. Duker Md

https://textbookfull.com/product/ophthalmology-5th-edition-jay-sduker-md/

Anti VEGF Use in Ophthalmology 1st Edition Duker Md Jay S Liang Md Michelle C

https://textbookfull.com/product/anti-vegf-use-inophthalmology-1st-edition-duker-md-jay-s-liang-md-michelle-c/

Clinical Medical Ethics Landmark Works of Mark Siegler MD 1st Edition Laura Weiss Roberts

https://textbookfull.com/product/clinical-medical-ethicslandmark-works-of-mark-siegler-md-1st-edition-laura-weissroberts/

On Call Neurology On Call Series 4th Edition Mayer Md

Stephan A Marshall Md Randolph S

https://textbookfull.com/product/on-call-neurology-on-callseries-4th-edition-mayer-md-stephan-a-marshall-md-randolph-s/

Black s Student Veterinary Dictionary 22nd Edition

Edward Boden

https://textbookfull.com/product/black-s-student-veterinarydictionary-22nd-edition-edward-boden/

Editor

DonaldVenes,M.D.,M.S.J.,F.A.C.P.

KevinSullivan, ExecutiveDirector, ProductSolutions

AlisonEnright, DigitalAssetandeBookManager

RobertAllen, Manager,ContentArchitecture

CindyBreuninger, Director,ContentSolutions

BobButler, ProductionManager

CarolynO’Brien, Manager,DesignandIllustration

KateMargeson, IllustrationCoordinator

ProductionServices:ProgressivePublishingServices

ILLUSTRATED IN FULL COLOR

Copyright1940,1942,1945,1946,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953, 1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1965,1968, 1969,1970,1973,1977,1981,1985,1989,1993,1997,2001,2005,2009, 2013,and2017byF.A.Davis.

Allrightsreserved.Thispublicationisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartof itmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording, orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.

PRINTEDINCHINA

Lastdigitindicatesprintnumber10 987654321

NOTE:Asnewscientificinformationbecomesavailablethroughbasic andclinicalresearch,recommendedtreatmentsanddrugtherapiesundergochanges.Theauthorandpublisherhavedoneeverythingpossible tomakeTaber’saccurate,uptodate,andinaccordwithacceptedstandardsatthetimeofpublication.Theauthor,editors,andpublisherare notresponsibleforerrorsoromissionsorforconsequencesfromapplicationofthebook,andmakenowarranty,expressedorimplied,inregard tothecontentsofthebook.Anypracticedescribedinthisbookshouldbe appliedbythereaderinaccordancewithprofessionalstandardsofcare usedinregardtotheuniquecircumstancesthatmayapplyineachsituation.Thereaderisadvisedalwaystocheckproductinformation(packageinserts)forchangesandnewinformationregardingdoseandcontraindicationsbeforeadministeringanydrug.Cautionisespeciallyurged whenusingneworinfrequentlyordereddrugs.

LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData

ISBN978-1-7196-4285-9(indexed:alk.paper)—ISBN978-1-7196-44631(deluxe:alk.paper)—978-1-7196-4482-2(eBook) ISSN1065-1357LCCN62008364

INTRODUCTIONTOTHE24THEDITION

TABER’SFEATUREFINDER.............................................viii FEATURESANDTHEIRUSE............................................ix

ILLUSTRATIONSOURCES

ABBREVIATIONSUSEDINTEXT

VOCABULARY

INTRODUCTIONTO THE24THEDITION

Severaltrendshavedominatedhealthcareintheyearssincethe23rd editionofTaber’swaspublished.Thesehaveincludedadvancesinour understandingofaging,cancercare,epidemics,informatics,andnutrition,amongmanyothers.

Themostprominentmega-trendaffectinghealthcaremightwellbe thatworldpopulationsaregrowingoldereveryyear.Theconsequences ofan agingsociety arediverse—andtheyclearlymakebetter geroscience andthedevelopmentof senolytics importantemphasesoffutureresearch. Oldersocietiesaresickerthanyoungones,makinghealthcareforpatientsandprofessionalsmorecomplexeachyear.Olderpeoplehavemore severeimpairments, andregrettably,longer disabledlifespans.Impaired speechperception, dementias(includingthenewlyidentified type3diabetes,limbic-predominantage-relatedencephalopathy, and prodromaldementia),late-life,treatment-resistantdepression, and vasculardepression areincreasingconcernsinolderpeople.Aswelearnmoreaboutthese conditionsourabilitytoprovidebetterpracticalcareforolderindividuals improves. Homemodifications,groupexercise,and functionalfitness training helpwithmanyofthemusculoskeletaldifficultiesencountered inaging,asmayotherrehabilitativeapproachestoimprovingbalance and walkingspeed (thenextvitalsign?).

Technologicalachievementshavealsoprofoundlyalteredtheenvironmentofcareinthelastseveralyears,andtheyarelikelytoimpact itsimmediatefuture. Wearabletechnologies like smartwatches nowaid inthediagnosisandmonitoringofcardiacrhythmdisturbances.Superhumancomputer processingspeeds havegivenbirthtostartlingadvances in computer-aideddiagnosis, forexampleincompleximageinterpretationin radiomics.Butwill chatbots,e-consults,machinelearning, and remoteaccess ultimatelymakeusfeelmoreconnectedtoourhealth,or willtheyunderminethe socialidentity ofcaregivers?Havewefallenprey to automationbias?Technologyinthehealthcareworkplaceburns brightly,butitalsoburnsmanypeopleout.Amongitsunwantedeffects: healthcareprofessionalsnowburytheirfacesin noctilucent screensreading bloatednotes, dreading computerdowntimesandprogrammed hard stops,complainingtheynowpractice desktopmedicine, insteadofbedside medicine.

Thesearchforbetternutritionalisanothercareconcern.Isthebest waytoeata fasting-mimickingdiet?A heritagediet?A plant-baseddiet? A flexitarian ora sustainablediet?Atleasttwofactsabouthowwenourishourselvesseemclear: Pro-inflammatorydietsshouldbeavoided,and toreversetheimpactofobesityonheart,liver,lung,andendocrinefunction(e.g.byachieving diabeticremission) millionsofpeopleneedtoeat less,eathealthier, andexercisemore.

Internationaldefensesagainstbiohazardsandepidemicsregularly leaptotheforefrontofour ecoanxious consciousnesses.AsthenovelcoronavirusthatwasfirstidentifiedinWuhan,Chinademonstrated, prepositioning ofpublichealthresourcesisofteninadequatewhen spillover events fromanimalstohumansoccur. Hotspots mayrequireurgent medicalcountermeasures especiallywhenthe relativeinfectivity andvirulence ofpathogensprove immediatelydangeroustolifeandhealth.

Finally,thefieldofoncology(cancerology)hasexperiencedremarkablechangesinthelastseveralyears,owinginlargeparttobetterunderstandingofthemolecularbiologyofcancers. Manynewagentsinhibit thegrowthofcancers,including bcl-2inhibitors, and histonedeacetylase, immunecheckpoint,JAK,PD-L1and2, and PI3Kinhibitors. Thesetreatments,and chimericantigenreceptor(CAR)T-celltherapies aresuccinctly explainedinthisedition.Will tumorevasion somedaybeovercome?Can treatmentsthatarebothwell-toleratedand tissueagnostic bedeveloped? Willgeneticengineeringtechniquessuchas CRISPR/cas9 helpusevade thepropensityforseriousillnesseslikecancer?

Thetermshighlightedinitalicsinthisintroductionareaverysmall samplingofthenewentriesaddedtothis24theditionof Taber’sCyclopedicMedicalDictionary.Our truenorth istoprovideareferenceyou canusetoimprovebothyourknowledgeandpatientcareskills.Wetry toeditoutthebulkand misinformation ofInternet-basedreferences, limit mysidebias, andadvanceyour continuingprofessional development. Todothiswerelyonyourfeedback.Pleaseletusknowhowwecanmake Taber’severbettersuitedtoyoureducational, lexical, andprofessional needs.

DonaldVenes,M.D.,M.S.J.,F.A.C.P. Brookings,Oregon Thankyou,April!

ONLINE MULTIMEDIA CONTENT

adrenocortical hormone

.

adrenal crisis.

VOCABULARY CROSS REFERECE bolded headword for easy locating

FEATURESANDTHEIR USE

Thissectiondescribesthemajorfeaturesfoundin Taber’s andprovides informationthatmayhelpyouusethedictionarymoreefficiently.The FeatureFinderonpageviiiisagraphicrepresentationofmanyofthe featuresdescribedbelow.

1. OnlineResources featureawealthofmultimediaresourcesfor nursing,alliedhealth,andmedicalstudentsandprofessionalsthat enhancethelearningexperience,includingaudiopronunciationsfor over32,000termsandover1,200imagesaswellasanimationsand videos.Anicon inthebookidentifiesthecorrespondingimages, animations,orvideosonline.Visitwww.FADavis.comtofindtheweb pageforthistitleandtoaccesstheseresources.

BonusAppendices includevaluableeducationaland clinical healthcareresources,tools, andreferencematerials.

Taber’sOnline,poweredbyUnboundMedicine offers FREE,one-yearaccesstoallofthe Taber’s contentonline.Usethe accesscodeontheinsidefrontcovertoactivateyoursubscription.

2. Vocabulary: Theextensivevocabularydefinedin Taber’s hasbeen updatedtomeettheongoingneedsofhealthcarestudents,educators, andclinicians,aswellasinterestedconsumers.Themedicaleditor, nursingeditor,andthenursingandalliedhealthconsultingeditors andconsultantshaveresearchedandwrittennewentries,revised existingentries,anddeletedobsoleteones,reflectingthemany changesinhealthcaretechnology,clinicalpractice,andpatientcare. American,ratherthanBritish,spellingsarepreferred.

3. EntryPlacement: Taber’s combinestwosystemsfortheplacement andorganizationofentries:(a)mainentriesinstrictalphabetical order;and(b)amainentry–subentryformat.Allsingle-wordterms (e.g., cell)aremainentries,asaresomecompound,ormultipleword, terms,e.g., acid-refluxdisorder;nucleicacidtest.However, manycompoundterms,especiallythoseinanatomyandphysiology, aretreatedassubentriesandareplacedusingthemainentry–subentryformat,e.g.,arteries,veins,ligaments,andtypesofrespiration. Entrieshavingaconsiderablenumberofsubentriesaretintedina yellowbackgroundforeaseinfindingthem.Thismeldingoftwosystemscombinesthebestfeaturesofboth:compoundtermsthatshare animportantcommonelementorclassification,e.g.,arteries,are subentriesunderthemainentry(orheadword).Termsthattendto besoughtunderthefirstword,e.g.,diseases,disorders,tests,and syndromes,appearasmainentriesunderthefirstword.Alsonames ofindividualsandorganizationsarelistedasmainentries.Allmain entriesareprintedin boldtype;subentriesareindentedunderthe

mainentryandareprintedin bolditalictype.Allentriesarelisted anddefinedinthesingular wheneverpossible.

4. Alphabetization:

Mainentries arealphabetizedletterbyletter,regardlessof spacesorhyphensthatoccurbetweenthewords;acommamarksthe endofamainentryforalphabeticalpurposes,e.g., skin,tentingof precedes skincancer.

Subentries arelistedinstraight-aheadorderfollowingthe sameletter-by-letteralphabetizationusedformainentries;acomma markstheendofasubentryforalphabeticalpurposes.Theheadword isoftenabbreviatedinsubentries(suchas preterml. under labor or pulmonaryi. under infarction).

5. Eponyms: Includedasmainentriesarethenamesofindividuals whowerethefirsttodiscover,describe,orpopularizeaconcept,a microorganism,adisease,asyndrome,orananatomicalstructure. Abriefbiographyappearsinbracketsafterthepronunciation.Biographicalinformationincludestheperson’sprofessionaldesignation, thecountryinwhichthepersonwasbornorworked,andthedateof birthanddeathifknown.

6. Pronunciations: Mostmainentriesarespelledphonetically.Such spellingsappearwithinparenthesesaftertheboldfacemainentry andaregivenassimplyaspossible.Thevowel a standsforthesounds inat,ant,orcare;thevowel e forthesoundinbedorset; i asinitor hid; o asingot,god,orlawn; u asinfootorput. Taber’s alsousestwo diacritics, ormarksovervowels.Themacron¯showsthelongsound ofvowels,asthe a inmate,the e inmeet,the i inmight,the o in mote,andthe u inmute.Thebreve˘shows theshort,obscurevowel, called schwa, whichispronouncedlikethe a insofa,the e inbutter, the i inmaudlinthe o insenator,andthe u inup.Thelettercombinations oo arepronouncedasinfood, ow asinnow, ch asinchin, sh asinshin, th asinthinorthen,and zh asinvision. Accents aremarks usedtoindicatestressuponcertainsyllables.Asingleaccent marks theprimaryaccent.Adoubleaccent marksasecondaryaccent.Both kindsofstresscanbeseenin an e˘s-the¯ zha˘ .Syllablesareseparated byeitheranaccentmarkorahyphen.

7. Singular/Pluralforms: Whenthespellingofan entry’ssingularor pluralformisanonstandardformation,e.g., villus pl. villi, or viscera sing. viscus,thespellingofthesingularorpluralformappears inboldfaceafterthepronunciationforthemainentry.Nonstandard singularandpluralformsappearasentriesthemselvesattheirnormalalphabeticalpositions.

8. Etymologies: Anetymologyindicatestheoriginandhistoricaldevelopmentofaterm.FormosthealthcaretermstheoriginisLatin orGreek.Anetymologyisgivenformostmainentriesandappears inbracketsfollowingthepronunciation.

9. Abbreviations: Standardabbreviationsforentriesareincluded withthedefinition,andmanyarealsolistedalphabeticallyasseparateentriesthroughoutthetext.Additionalabbreviationsusedfor chartingandprescriptionwritingarelistedintheAppendices,found onlineatwww.FADavis.com.Alistofnonmedicalabbreviationsused intextappearsonpagexv.

x

10. Encyclopedicentries: Detailed,comprehensiveinformationisincludedwithentriesthatrequireadditionalcoveragebecauseoftheir importanceorcomplexity.Oftenthisinformationisorganizedinto severalsections,eachwithitsownsubheading.Themostfrequently usedsubheadingsareCauses,SymptomsandSigns,Diagnosis, Treatment,andPatientCare.

11. PatientCare: PatientCaresectionsprovideinformationforthe healthcareworkerinclinicalsituations.Thesesectionshaveproven invaluabletohealthcareprofessionalsby providingpatientteaching andwellnessinformation.Therearenowmorethan800PatientCare sectionsin Taber’s.

12. Illustrations: Thiseditionof Taber’s includes800illustrationsin theprint.Inaddition,thereareover400additional,ancillaryillustrationsintheelectronicversionsofthisedition.Theexistenceof eachoftheseancillaryillustrationsinFADavis.comisindicatedby placementoftheicon( )nexttotheentrywithwhichtheillustrationisassociated.Theimageswerecarefullychosentocomplement thetextoftheentrieswithwhichtheyareassociated.Eachillustrationiscross-referenced fromitsassociatedentry.

13. Tables: Thiseditioncontainsover150color-screenedtableslocated appropriatelythroughoutthe Vocabularysection.

14. Adjectives: Theadjectivalformsofmanynounmainentriesappear attheendofthedefinitionofthenounformor,iftheentryislong, attheendofthefirstparagraph.Pronunciationsformostoftheadjectivalformsareincluded.Manycommonadjectivesappearasmain entriesthemselves.

15. Caution/Safetystatements: Thisnotationisusedtodraw particularattentiontoinformationthatmayaffectthehealth and/orsafetyofpatientsortheprofessionals whotreatthem.Theinformationisofmorethanroutineinterestandshouldbeconsideredwhen deliveringhealthcare.Thesestatementsarefurtheremphasizedbycoloredrulesaboveandbelowthetext.

16. Synonyms: Synonymsarelistedattheendoftheentryor,inencyclopedicentries,attheendofthefirstparagraph.Theabbreviation SYN:precedesthesynonymousterm(s).Termslistedassynonyms havetheirownentriesintheVocabulary,whichgenerallycarrya cross-referencetotheentryatwhichthedefinitionappears.

17. Cross-references: Illustrations,tables,appendices,orotherrelevantvocabularyentriesmaybegivenascross-references.Theseare indicatedbySEE:orSEE:underfollowedbythename(s)oftheappropriateelement(s)initalics.Cross-referencesto theNursingDiagnosesAppendixarehighlightedincolorattheendoftheentryas SEE: NursingDiagnosesAppendix. Entriesatwhichanillustration appearscarrythecolor-highlighted SEE:illus. WhenaSEE:refers tosubentry,themainentrywillappearin boldface, foreasyreference,e.g.,SEE: temporal line, where“line”isthemainentry.

18. BonusAppendices: Thereareover15bonusappendicesavailable ontheFADavis.comsite.

19. NursingDiagnosesAppendix: Thisappendixhasbeenupdated throughthe2018–2020ConferenceofNANDA-I(NorthAmerican

NursingDiagnosisAssociation-International).Itisdividedintoseveralsections,includingtwolistsofNANDA-I’snursingdiagnosesorganizedintoDoenges,MurrandMoorhouse’sDiagnosticDivisions; anat-a-glancelookatthemostrecentdiagnosesapprovedby NANDA-I;nursingdiagnosescommonlyassociatedwithalmost300 diseases/disorders(cross-referencedfromthebodyofthedictionary); andacompletedescriptionofallNANDA-Iapproveddiagnoses throughthe2018–2020conferencein alphabeticalorder. Included arethediagnosticdivision,definition, relatedfactors,anddefining characteristicsforeach nursingdiagnosis.

ILLUSTRATIONSOURCES

BarankinandFrieman:DermNotes:ClinicalDermatologyPocketGuide. FADavis,Philadelphia,2006.

CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention;Dr.LucilleK.Georg;Frank Collins,PhD;JamesGathany(2006);CarlWashington,MD;Emory University,SchoolofMedicine;MonaSaraiya,MD,MPH.

Chambers,KandRoche,V:SurgicalTechnologyReviewcertificationand professionalism.FADavis,Philadelphia,2010.

Chapman,LandDurham,R:Maternal-NewbornNursing:TheCritical ComponentsofNursingCare.FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

Chung,ChristineA,MD,Philadelphia,PA.

Dillon,PM:NursingHealthAssessment:ACriticalThinking,CaseStudiesApproach.FADavis,Philadelphia,2003.

Eagle,Sharon:TheProfessionalMedicalAssistant.FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

Eickhoff,L,Portland,OR.

Enright,AD,Havertown,PA.

Goldsmith,LA,Lazarus,GSandTharp,MD:AdultandPediatricDermatology:AColorGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatment,FADavis,Philadelphia,1997.

Gylys,BandMasters,R:MedicalTerminologySimplified:AProgrammed LearningApproachbyBodySystems,ed4.FADavis,Philadelphia, 2010.

Gylys,BandWedding,M:MedicalTerminologySystems:ABodySystemsApproach,ed6.FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

Harmening,D:ClincalHematology&FundamentalsofHemostasis.Ed 5.FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

Hatch,H,GoldBeach,OR.

Hawkins,J,ChestnutHill,MA.

Holloway,Betal:OB/GYN&PedsNotes:Nurse’sClinicalPocketGuide, ed2.FADavis,Philadelphia,2011.

Hopkins,T:LabNotes:GuidetoLabandDiagnosticTests,ed2.FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

Hurst,J:Anatomy&PhysiologyinaFlash.FADavis,Philadelphia,2010.

Kintz,J,Eugene,OR.

Kisner,CandColby,L:TherapeuticExercise,ed5.FADavis,Philadelphia,2007.

Klein,A,Portland,OR.

Kloth,LC:WoundHealing:AlternativesinManagement,ed3.FADavis, Philadelphia,2002.

Levangie,PandNorkin,C:JointStructureandFunction:AComprehensiveAnalysis,ed5.FADavis,Philadelphia,2011.

Lentner,C(ed):GeigyScientificTables,ed8.CibaGeigy,Basle,Switzerland,1981.

Leventhal,RandCheadle,RF:MedicalParasitology:ASelf-Instructional Text,ed5.FADavis,Philadelphia,2002.

Lippert,L:ClinicalKinesiologyandAnatomy,ed5.FADavis,Philadelphia,2011.

Myers,E:EMSNotes:EMTandParamedicFieldGuide.FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

Owens,April,Eugene,OR.

Prajer,RandGross,G:DHNotes:DentalHygienist’sChairsidePocket Guide.FADavis,Philadelphia,2011.

Roberts,John,MD.

Scanlon,VCandSanders,T:EssentialsofAnatomyandPhysiology,ed 5&6.FADavis,Philadelphia,2007&2010. http://www.shapeup.org.

Speroff,L:AClinicalGuideforContraception,ed3.Lippincott,Williams &Wilkins.

Starkey,C:ExaminationofOrthopedic&AthleticInjuries,ed.3.FADavis,Philadelphia,2010.

Stevens,CD:ClinicalImmunologyandSerology:ALaboratoryPerspective.FADavis,Philadelphia,1996.

Strasinger,SandDiLorenzoM:Urinalysis&BodyFluids,ed5.FADavis,Philadelphia,2008.

Strauss,W.Robert,Jr.,CherryHill,NJ.

Tamparo,C.andLewis,M:DiseasesoftheHumanBody,ed5.FADavis, Philadelphia,2011.

Thompson,G:UnderstandingAnatomy&Physiology:AVisual,Auditory, InteractiveApproach.FADavis,Philadelphia,2012. Venes,D,MD.Brookings,OR.

Ward,SandHisley,S:Maternal-ChildNursingCare,FADavis,Philadelphia,2009.

White,G:RespiratoryNotes:RespiratoryTherapist’sPocketGuide,FA Davis,Philadelphia,2008.

Wilkinson,JMandVanLeuven,K:FundamentalsofNursing,ed1&2. FADavis,Philadelphia,2007&2011.

Williams,LSandHopper,PD(eds):UnderstandingMedical-Surgical Nursing,ed4.FADavis,Philadelphia,2011. WorldHealthOrganization(WHO):http://www.who.int.

ABBREVIATIONSUSED INTEXT*

ABBRabbreviation

AmerindAmericanIndian approx.approximately at.no.atomicnumber

AS.AngloSaxon at.wt.atomicweight Brit.British e.g.exempligratia(forexample)

esp.especially Fr.French

fr.from Ger.German

Gr.Greek i.e.idest(thatis)

L.Latin

ME.MiddleEnglish pert.pertaining pl.plural sing.singular

Sp.Spanish

SYMBsymbol

SYNsynonym

*AdditionalabbreviationsarelistedintheUnitsofMeasurement(IncludingSIUnits) AppendixandtheMedicalAbbreviationsAppendix(SEE:BonusAppendicesat www.FADavis.com).

AAlpha,thefirstletteroftheGreekalphabet.

A ˚ angstromunit.

a accommodation;ampere;anode;anterior;area;artery.

a¯ [L.] ante, before.

A2 aorticsecondsound.

a- SEE: 1an-.

AA Achievement age;age-adjusted;AlcoholicsAnonymous;aminoacid;arteriae;arteries.

AAA abdominalaortic aneurysm;acneassociated arthritis; AmericanAcademyofAllergists;AmericanAmbulance Association;AmericanAssociationof Anatomists;AreaAgencyonAging.

AAAASF AmericanAssociationforAccreditationofAmbulatorySurgeryFacilities.

AAb Autoantibody.

AABB AmericanAssociationofBlood Banks.

AACC AmericanAssociationfor Clinical Chemistry.

AACN AmericanAssociationof CriticalCareNurses;AmericanAssociationof CollegesofNursing.

AACVPR AmericanAssociationofCardiovascularandPulmonaryRehabilitation.

AAFP AmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians.

AAg Autoantigen.

AAHN AmericanAssociationfortheHistoryofNursing.

AAMA AmericanAssociationof Medical Assistants.

AAMI AssociationfortheAdvancementof MedicalInstrumentation;age-associatedmemoryimpairment.

AAMS AssociationofAirMedicalServices.

AAMT AmericanAssociationforMedical Transcription.

AAN AmericanAcademyofNursing.

AANA AmericanAssociationofNurse Anesthetists.

AANN AmericanAssociationofNeuroscienceNurses.

AANP AmericanAcademyofNursePractitioners.

AAOHN AmericanAssociationofOccupationalHealthNurses.

AAOMS AmericanAssociationofOral andMaxillofacialSurgeons.

AAOS AmericanAcademyofOrthopedic Surgeons.

AAP AmericanAcademyofPediatrics; AmericanAssociationofPathologists.

AAPA AmericanAcademyofPhysician Assistants.

AAPMR AmericanAcademyof Physical MedicineandRehabilitation.

a/Aratio Theratioofarterialoxygenpartialpressure(a)toalveolaroxygenpartialpressure(A).Undernormalconditions,90%ormoreofthepartial pressureofoxygeninthelungswilldiffuseintothebloodyieldingana/Aratio greaterthan0.9.Thisvaluecanbeused todeterminewhetherthereisaproblem withgasdiffusion.

AARC AmericanAssociationforRespiratoryCare.

AARP AmericanAssociationof Retired Persons.

AAS atomicabsorptionspectroscopy.

AASECT AmericanAssociationofSexEducators,Counselors,andTherapists.

AATS AmericanAssociationforThoracic Surgery

AAV adeno-associated virus

Ab Antibody. ab-,abs- [L. ab, from]Prefixesmeaning from,awayfrom,negative,absent. The variantabs-isusedbeforet,e.g., abstract

1 Abadiesign (a˘-bad e¯)[JeanAbadie,Fr. neurologist,1873–1946]Intabesdorsalis,insensibilitytopressureoverthe Achillestendon.

2 Abadiesign (a˘-bad e¯)[CharlesA.Abadie,Fr.ophthalmologist,1842–1932] Inexophthalmicgoiter,spasmofthelevatorpalpebraesuperioris.

abandonment (a˘-ban do˘n-me˘nt)[Fr. abandoner, tosurrender]Premature terminationoftheprofessionaltreatmentrelationshipbythehealthcare providerwithoutadequatenoticeorthe patient’sconsent.

abasia (a˘-ba¯ zh(e¯-)a˘)[1an- Gr. basis, step] 1. Motorincoordinationinwalking. 2. Inabilitytowalkduetoimpairmentofcoordination. abasic,abatic, adj. a.-astasia Lackofmotorcoordination withinabilitytostandorwalk.SYN: astasia-abasia. paralytica. Abasiainwhichtheleg musclesareparalyzed. paroxysmaltrepidanta. Abasia causedbytremblingandsuddenstiffeningofthelegsonstanding,making walkingimpossible.Itmayberelatedto hysteria.

abate (a˘-ba¯t )[Fr. abattre, tobeatdown] 1. Tolessenordecrease. 2. Toceaseor causetocease. abatement (me˘nt), n. abaxial,abaxile (a-bak se¯-a˘l,a-bak sı˘l) [ab- axial] 1. Notwithintheaxisof abodyorpart. 2. Attheoppositeendof theaxisofapart.

Abbe-Wharton-McIndoeoperation,McIndoeoperation (a be¯-whar to˘n-makin-do¯)Asurgicalprocedureperformed tocreateavaginainpatientswhodonot haveone.Thisisachievedbycreating adequatespacebetweentherectumand bladder;theinlayingofasplit-thickness graft;andmostimportantly,continuous andprolongeddilatationduringthe healingstagewhentissuesaremost likelytocontract.

PATIENT CARE: Thehealthcare teamsupportsthepatientmedically andpsychologicallybyhelpingthepatientlearnaboutherconditionandthe procedurebyansweringquestions,providingcomfort,andalleviatinganxiety.

Abbottmethod (ab o˘ts)[EdvilleG.Abbott,U.S.orthopedicsurgeon,1871–1938]Atreatmentforscoliosisthatis nolongerused,inwhichaseriesofplasterjacketswereappliedtostraighten thespine.

ABC AmericanBotanicalCouncil;antigen-bindingcapacity;airway, breathing,circulation (theformermnemonicforassessingthestatusofemergencypatients).

ABCD asymmetry,border,color,diameter (amnemonictoaidhealthcareprovidersintherecognitionofmalignant melanoma).Pigmentedlesionsonthe skinwithirregularitiesofgrowthand coloranddiametersgreaterthan6mm haveaconsiderablelikelihoodofbeing melanomasandshouldbeprofessionallyexamined.Additionalcharacteristicsofmelanomasincludethesudden changeofanexistingmoleorsuddenappearanceofpigmentedmoles.Insome casesanexistingmolethatwasflatelevatesabovetheskin.Theletter E is usedasamnemonicforthis expansion or evolution ofskinlesions(thusthe mnemonicissometimesreferredtoas ABCDE). SEE:illus.; melanoma

ABCDE SEE: ABCD

ABCDrule ABCDscore.

ABCD2score,ABCDscore ABCD rule. ABCDsofpalliativecare attitude,behavior,compassion,anddialogue. abdiction (ab-dik sho˘n)[ab(ad)diction]Theintoleranceoravoidanceofdrugsorchemicals. abdomen (ab-do¯ me˘n,ab do˘-me˘n)[L. abdomen, belly]Theportionofthe trunkbetweenthethoraxandthepel-

vis.Theabdomenandthepelvisform theabdominopelviccavity.Theabdomenisboundedsuperiorlybythethoracicdiaphragmandinferiorlybythe pelvicbrim.Theanterolateralabdominalwallisformedbytheflatabdominal musculature.Theabdomencontainsthe stomach,theinferiormostpartofthe esophagus,thesmallandlargeintestines,liver,gallbladder,andspleen.The parietalperitoneumlinestheabdominalcavity.Thevisceralperitoneumenveloptheorganswithintheabdominal cavity.Thekidneys,adrenalglands, ureters,prostate,seminalvesicles,and greatervascularstructures(suchasthe abdominalaortaandinferiorvenacava) arelocatedexternaltotheperitoneum (extraperitoneal);thoselyingposteriorlyareretroperitoneal. abdominal (abdom ı˘-na˘l), adj. SEE: abdominalquadrants forillus.

INSPECTION:Visualexaminationof theabdomenisbestdonewhilethepatientissupinewiththekneesslightly bent.Inahealthypersontheabdomen isoval,withelevationsanddepressions correspondingtotheabdominalmuscles,umbilicus,and,tosomedegree,the formsofunderlyingviscera.Relativeto chestsize,theabdomenislargerinchildrenthaninadults;itismorerotund andbroaderinferiorlyinmalesthanin females.

Diseasecanaltertheshapeoftheabdomen.Ageneral,symmetricalenlargementmayresultfromascites;apartial andirregularenlargementmayresult fromtumors,fromhypertrophyoforganssuchastheliverorspleen,orfrom intestinaldistentioncausedbygas.Retractionoftheabdomenmayoccurin extremeemaciationandinseveral formsofcerebraldisease.

Therespiratorymovementsoftheabdominalwallsandthemovementsofthe thoraxareinverselyproportional:when themovementsoftheoneincrease,the movementsoftheotherdecrease.Thus, abdominalmovementsincreaseinpleurisy,pneumonia,andpericarditisbut decreaseinperitonitisandabdominal pain.

Thesuperficialabdominalveinsare sometimesvisiblyenlarged,indicating anobstructionofbloodflowineitherthe

portalsystem(asincirrhosis)ortheinferiorvenacava.

AUSCULTATION:Listeningtosounds producedinabdominalorgansprovides usefuldiagnosticinformation.Absentor diminishedbowelsoundsmayindicate paralyticileusorperitonitis.Highpitchedtinklingsoundsareassociated withintestinalobstruction.Bruitsmay indicateatherosclerosisoranabdominalaorticaneurysm.Duringpregnancy, auscultationenablesidentificationand evaluationofthefetalheartrateand vascularsoundsfromtheplacenta.

PERCUSSION:Forthepractitionerto obtainthegreatestamountofinformation,thepatientshouldbesupinewith theheadslightlyraisedandknees slightlyflexed.Percussionshouldbe carriedoutsystematicallyovertheanteriorsurfaceoftheabdomen.Acombinationofaudibleortactilesensation willbeperceivedbytheexamineraccordingtounderlyingstructures(such asgaseousdistendedorgansversus solidorgans).

PALPATION:Theabdomenmaybe palpatedwithfingertips,thewhole hand,orbothhands;pressuremaybe slightorheavy,continuousorintermittent.Theheadissupportedtorelaxthe abdominalwall.Onoccasion,thepatientmaybeexaminedinastandingposition,e.g.,palpationofgroinhernias maynotbefeasibleinthesupineposition.

Palpationishelpfulindetectingthe size,consistency,andpositionofviscera;theexistenceoftumorsandswellings;andwhetherthetumorschange positionwithrespirationoraremovable.Itisnecessarytoascertain whetherthereistendernessinanyportionoftheabdominalcavity,whether painisincreasedorrelievedbyfirm pressure,andwhetherpainisaccentuatedbysuddenreleaseoffirmpressure, i.e.,reboundtenderness.

Anarterialimpulse,ifoneexists,is systolicandexpansive.Athrillaccompanyingabruitmayoccasionallybepalpated.Thesurfaceofatumorisusually firmandsmoothbutmaybenodular.Inflammatorymassesaretypicallyfirm andreproduciblytender.Effusionof bloodintotissues,e.g.,hematoma,may produceapalpablemass. acutea. Anabnormalconditionof theabdomeninwhichthereisasudden, abruptonsetofseverepain.Itrequires urgentevaluationanddiagnosisbecauseitmayindicateaneedforimmediatesurgicalintervention.SYN: surgical a. pendulousa. Anabdomenwithfolds offattytissuethatdrapeoverthepubis. scaphoida. Anabdomenthatonexaminationappearshollowed,sunken,or emaciated.

surgicala. Acute a. abdominalmuscles SEE:under muscle abdominalquadrant SEE:under quadrant. abdomino-,abdomin- [L. abdomen, stem abdomin-, belly]Prefixesmeaning abdomen

abdominocentesis (ab-dom i-no¯-sen-te sis)[abdomino- -centesis]Punctureoftheabdomenwithaninstrument forwithdrawaloffluidfromtheabdominalcavity. abdominocyesis (ab-dom in-o¯-sı¯-e¯s is) [abdomino- Gr. kue¯sis, pregnancy] Abdominal pregnancy abdominohysterectomy (ab-dom i-no¯his-te˘r-ek to˘-me¯)[abdomino- hysterectomy]Abdominalhysterectomy. abdominohysterotomy (ab-dom i-no¯his-te˘r-ot o˘-me¯)[abdomino- hysterotomy]Abdominalhysterotomy. abdominoperineal (ab-dom i-no¯-per ı ˘ne¯ a˘l)[abdomino- perineal]Pert. totheabdomenandtheperineum. abdominoplasty (ab-dom i-no¯-plas te¯) [abdomino- -plasty]Plasticsurgery ontheabdomen,e.g.,toremoveunwantedfatandskinfromtheabdomen andtotightentherectusmuscles. abdominothoracic (ab-dom i-no¯-tho˘-ras ik)[abdomino- thoracic]Pert.to theabdomenandthorax.

abdominovaginal (ab-dom i-no¯-vaj i-na˘l) [abdomino- vaginal]Pert.tothe abdomenandvagina.

abdominovesical (ab-dom i-no¯-ves i-ka˘l) [abdomino- vesical]Pert.totheabdomenandurinarybladder.

abducens (ab-doo senz )[L. abducens (participle),drawingaway]Drawing awayfromthemidlineofthebody. abducensnerve SEE:under nerve abducent (ab-du¯ se˘nt)[L. abducens, participialstem abducent-, fr abducere, todrawaway]Abducting;leading away.SEE: abducens

abduct (ab-du˘kt )[L. abductus, perfect participlefr. abducere, toleadaway]To drawawayfromthemedianplaneofthe bodyoroneofitsparts.

abduction (ab-du˘k sho˘n)[L. abducere, toleadaway] 1. Movementofalimb awayfromthemedianplaneofthebody. 2. Movementofadigitawayfromthe medianplaneofthelimb. 3. Movement ofaneyeawayfromthenose.

abductionstresstest SEE:under stress test

abductor (ab-du˘k tor)SEE:under muscle. aberrant (a-ber a˘nt)[L. aberrare, to wander]Deviatingfromnormal.SYN: abnormal. aberration (ab e˘-ra¯ sho˘n)[L. aberrare, towander] 1. Deviationfromthenormal. 2. Imperfectrefractionoflight rays. chromatica. Unequalrefractionof

differentwavelengthsoflightthrougha lens,producingacoloredimage. chromosomala. Anabnormalityin chromosomesregardingnumber(aneuploidy,polyploidy)orchromosomalmaterial(translocation,deletion,duplication).

higherordera. Inophthalmology,a refractiveerrorthatcannotbecorrected bybendinglightintotheeyewitheyeglassesorcontactlenses. laterala. Deviationofarayfromthe focusmeasuredonalineperpendicular totheaxis.

longitudinala. Deviationofaray fromthedirectionparalleltotheoptic axis.

sphericala. Aberrationordistortion ofanimageduetoraysenteringtheperipheralportionofasphericalmirroror lensbeingrefracteddifferentlyfrom thoseclosertothecenter.Thustheperipheralraysarefocusedontheoptical axisatadifferentpointfromthecentral rays.

aberrometry (a be˘r-om e˘-tre¯)[L. aberrare, towander -metry]Themeasurementofrefractiveerrorsoftheeye. Abeta,A amyloidbeta peptide Abeta42 amyloid-beta1-42 (abiomarker inthecerebrospinalfluidforAlzheimer disease).

abetalipoproteinemia (a¯ ba¯t a˘-lip o˘-pro¯ te¯n-e¯ me¯-a˘)[2an- beta lipoprotein -emia]Aninheriteddisorder markedbyanabsenceofbetalipoproteinsinthebloodandlowlevelsofcholesterol,fattyacids,andchylomicrons. Thepatient’sredbloodcellshavea thornyorspikedappearance(acanthocytosis).Theconditionismostoften seeninAshkenaziJews.Symptomsincluderetinalmaculardegenerationand chronicprogressiveneurologicaldeficits,whichusuallybegininchildhood. Affectedinfantsdevelopsteatorrhea andgrowthretardation.Laterclinical manifestationsincludeataxia;byadolescence,manypatientsareunableto walk.VitaminEmaybehelpfulinarrestingtheprogressionofneurological aspects.SYN: Bassen-Kornzweigsyndrome.SEE: acanthocyte abeyance (a˘-ba¯ a˘ns)[Fr. abeance, expectation]Atemporarysuspensionofactivity,sensation,orpain. abfraction (ab frak sho˘n)[ab- fraction]Awedge-shapedareaintheregionofthecementoenameljunctionof thetoothresultingfrombiomechanical forces.

ABG arterialbloodgas. ability (a˘-bi li-te¯)[Fr. habilete´, frL. habilitas, skill]Thecapacitytoperforma task. cognitivea. Theabilityofthebrain toprocess,retrieve,andstoreinformation.Impairmentofthese brainfunctionsiscommoninpatientswithde-

mentia,drugintoxication,orhead injury. constructionala. Theabilitytocopy ordrawshapes,figures,orlines,e.g., withapenandpaper.Thisnonverbal abilitydependsontheintegrationof severalhigherbrainfunctions,includingperception,planning,andmotorcoordination.Itislostinorganicbrain syndromes. crystallizeda. Alearnedskill,e.g., theabilitytoreadorwriteoruseapiece ofequipment,suchasakeyboard.

fluida. Theabilitytoreasonordraw inferences,tounderstandnewinformation,ortocopewithnewproblems,environments,orexperiences. functionala. Theabilitytoperform activitiesofdailyliving,includingbathing,dressing,andotherindependent livingskills,suchasshoppingand housework.Manyfunctionalassessmenttoolsareavailabletoquantify functionalability.SEE: activitiesof dailyliving transfera.,impaired Limitationof independentmovementbetweentwo nearbysurfaces.SEE: NursingDiagnosesAppendix. verbala. Theabilitytousewords, spokenorwritten,tocommunicate. abilitybias Thetendencytoassumethat successislinkedtoprolongededucation ratherthantoaperson’sunderlying abilities,whichmakehimorherasuccessineducationandotherpursuits. abiogenesis (a¯ bı¯ o¯-jen e˘-sis)[1anbiogenesis]Spontaneousgeneration. abiogenetic,abiogenous (a¯ bı¯ o¯-je˘net ik,a¯ be¯-oj e˘-nu˘s), adj. abiosis (a¯ bı¯-o sis)[a- bio- -osis] Absenceoflife. abiotic, adj. abiotrophy (a¯ bı¯-o tro˘-fe¯)[1an- bio-trophy]Prematurelossofvitality ordegenerationoftissuesandcellswith consequentlossofenduranceandresistance. abiotrophic (a¯ bı¯-o tro¯-fik), adj. ablactation (ab-lak-ta¯ sho˘n)[ablactation]Thecessationofmilksecretion.SEE: wean. ablate (a-bla¯t )[L. ablatus, takenaway] Todestroy,excise,orremove. ablation (a-bla¯ sho˘n)[ablatio]Removal ofabodypart,apathway, orafunction, asbychemicalorphysicaldestruction orbysurgery.Particularablationsare listedunderthefirstword.SEE:e.g., endometrialablation;radiofrequencyablation;tissueablation ablative (a-bla¯ tiv)[L. ablativus, taken away]Pert.toablation,esp.bysurgery.

ABLEDATA (a¯ bı˘l-da¯ ta˘)Asearchable InternetdatabaseofassistivetechnologyinformationmaintainedbytheNationalInstituteonDisabilityandRehabilitationResearchoftheU.S. DepartmentofEducation.Thewebsite addressiswww.abledata.com

ablution (a˘-bloo sho˘n)[L. abluere, to washaway]Thewashingofone’sbody, orofapartofit.

ABMLI AmericanBoardofMedicalLaboratoryImmunology

ABMM AmericanBoardofMedicalMicrobiology

ABMS AmericanBoardofMedicalSpecialties. abnormal (ab nor ma˘l)[ab- normal] ABBR:abnl. 1. Divergingfroma knownstandardormean.SYN: aberrant. 2. Exceptional. 3. Unexpected. abnormally (ab nor ma˘-le¯), adv.

AbnormalInvoluntaryMovementScale test ABBR:AIMStest.Asystemfor assessingabnormalinvoluntarymovements,suchashandtremorsorrhythmicmovementsofthetongueandjaw, thatmayresultfromthelong-termadministrationofpsychotropicdrugs.The testisoftengivenbeforepatientsare startedonantipsychoticdrugsandthen readministeredperiodicallytomonitor sideeffects.

abnormality (ab no˘r-mal ı˘t-e¯)[abnormality]Deviationfromthenormal. SYN: aberration

aborad (a-bo¯r ad )[ab- oro- -ad] Awayfromthemouth. aboral (a-bo¯r a˘l)[ab- oral]Opposite to,orawayfrom,themouth. aborally (-a˘-le¯), adv.

abort (a˘-bort )[L. aboriri, tomiscarry] 1. Toexpelanembryoorfetuspriorto viability. 2. Toarresttheprogressofdisease. 3. Toarrestgrowthordevelopment. 4. Todiscontinueaneffortorprojectbeforeitscompletion.

abortifacient (a˘-bort-ı˘-fa she˘nt)[abort -facient]Anythingusedtocauseor induceanabortion.Examplesofabortifacientsincludeprostaglandins, amongotheragents.

abortion (a˘-bor sho˘n)[L. abortio, prematuredelivery,miscarriage]The spontaneousorinducedterminationof pregnancybeforethefetusreachesaviableage.Thelegaldefinitionofviability (usually20to24weeks’gestation)differsfromstatetostate.Someprematureneonatesoflessthan24weeks’gestationor500gareviable.Symptomsof spontaneousabortionincludeabdominalcrampsandvaginalbleeding,sometimeswiththepassageofclotsorbitsof tissue.

ETIOLOGY:Themostcommonspontaneouscausesarefaultydevelopment oftheembryoresultingfromchromosomalanomalies,abnormalitiesofthe placenta,endocrinedisturbances,acute infectiousdiseases,severetrauma,and shock.Othercausesincludeproblems relatedtotheuterus,immunologicfactors,anduseofcertaindrugs.

PATIENT CARE: Assessmentincludesmonitoringvitalsigns,fluidbalance,andabortionstatusandprogress.

Historicaldatamustincludedurationof pregnancy;Rhstatus;andtimeofonset, type,andintensityofabortionsymptoms.Characterandamountofvaginal bleedingarenoted,andanypassedtissue(embryonicorfetal)ispreservedfor laboratoryexamination.Thepatientis evaluatedforshock,sepsis,anddisseminatedintravascularcoagulation.

Ahealthcareprofessionalremains withthepatientasmuchaspossibleto helpallayanxiety,isawareofthepatient’scopingmechanisms,andisalert forresponsessuchasgrief,anger,guilt, sadness,depression,relief,orhappiness.

Ifanelectiveabortionorsurgicalcompletionoftheabortionisneeded,the procedureandexpectedsensationsare explained,andgeneralperioperative careisprovided.IfthepatientisRh negativeandCoombstestnegative(not isoimmune),andifthepregnancyexceeded8weeks’gestation,Rho(D)isadministeredasprescribedwithin72hrof theabortion.Prescribedfluids,oxytocics,antibiotics,andtransfusionsare administeredasrequired.

Afterabortion,thepatientisinstructedtoreportexcessivebleeding (clotsgreaterthandime-size),pain,inflammation,orfeverandtoavoidintercourse,tamponuse,douching,orplacinganythingelseinthevaginauntil afterafollow-upexamination. completea. Abortioninwhichthe totalproductsofconceptionhavebeen expelled. electivea. Abortionforotherthan medicalreasons.Theproceduremaybe recommendedwhenthewoman’smentalorphysicalstatewouldbeendangeredbycontinuationofthepregnancy orwhenthefetushasaconditionincompatiblewithlife.Itmayalsobeperformedasaresultofrape,incest,orat thewoman’srequest.SYN: voluntary terminationofpregnancy habituala. Recurrent miscarriage incompletea. Anabortioninwhich partoftheproductsofconceptionhas beenretainedintheuterus. induceda. Intentionalabortionby dilatingthecervixandevacuatingthe uterus.Methodsusedduringthefirst trimesterincludecervicaldilationwith alaminariatentoracannula,vacuum aspiration,ordilationandcurettage (D&C).Inthesecondtrimester,abortionmaybeinducedwithmethotrexate,RU486,prostaglandins,ortheinstillationofhypertonicsalineintothe uterus.SEE: uterine curettage;mifepristone. inevitablea. Anabortionthatcannot behalted. medicala. Abortioninducedwitha drugordrugs,e.g.,thecombinationof mifepristoneandaprostaglandin.

misseda. Abortioninwhichthefetushasdiedbeforecompletionofthe 20thweekofgestationbuttheproducts ofconceptionareretainedintheuterus for8weeksorlonger.

partial-birtha. Anabortionperformedinthesecondorthird-trimester, inwhichtheproductsofconceptionare removedbysuctioncurettageandforcepsandthecranialcontentsofthefetusareevacuatedbeforetheremovalof thefetusfromtheuterus.SYN: dilation andevacuation.

recurrenta. Recurrent miscarriage.

septica. Abortioninwhichthereis aninfectionoftheproductsofconceptionandtheendometrialliningofthe uterus.

spontaneousa. Miscarriage. therapeutica. Abortionperformed whenthepregnancyendangersthe mother’smentalorphysicalhealthor whenthefetushasaknowncondition incompatiblewithlife.

threateneda. Theappearanceof signsandsymptomsofpossiblelossof thefetus.Vaginalbleedingwithorwithoutintermittentpainisusuallythefirst sign.Ifthefetusisstillaliveandattachmenttotheuterushasnotbeeninterrupted,thepregnancymaycontinue. Absolutebedrestisrecommended,with avoidanceofcoitus,douches,stress,or cathartics.

tubala. 1. Aspontaneousabortionin whichthefetushasbeenexpelled throughthedistalendoftheuterine tube. 2. Theescapeoftheproductsof conceptionintotheperitonealcavityby wayoftheuterinetube.

abortionist (a˘-bor sho˘n-ist)Onewho performsanabortion.

abortive (a˘-bor tı˘v)[L. abortivus] 1. Preventingthecompletionofsomething. 2. Abortifacient;thatwhichpreventsthenormalcontinuationofpregnancy.

abortus (a˘-bor tu˘s)[L.miscarriage]A fetusbornbefore20weeks’gestationor weighinglessthan500g.

ABR annualbleed rate

abrachia (a¯-bra ke¯-a˘,-bra¯k )[a- brachium]Congenitalabsenceofarms. abrachiocephalia (a¯-bra ke¯-o¯-se˘-fa¯l e¯-a˘) [a- brachium Gr. kephale¯, head] Congenitalabsenceofarmsandhead. abrade (a˘-bra¯d )[L. abradere, toscrape] 1. Tochafe. 2. Toroughenorremoveby friction.

abrasion (a˘-bra¯ zho˘n)[L. abradere, to scrape] 1. Wearingawayofthesubstanceofatooth.Itusuallyresultsfrom masticationbutmaybeproducedbymechanicalorchemicalmeans. 2. Scraping awayofskinormucousmembraneasa resultofinjuryorbymechanicalmeans, asindermabrasionforcosmeticpurposes. SEE:illus.; avulsion;bruise.

ABRASION

pleurala. Mechanical pleurodesis. abrasive (a˘-bra¯ siv)[L. abradere, to scrape] 1. Producingabrasion. 2. That whichabrades. abreaction (ab re¯-ak sho˘n)[ab- reaction]Inpsychoanalysis,therelease ofemotionbyconsciouslyrecallingor actingoutapainfulexperiencethathad beenforgottenorrepressed.Thepainful orconsciouslyintolerableexperience maybecomebearableasaresultofthe insightgainedduringthisprocess.SEE: catharsis (2). abreact (ab re¯-akt ), v. abrin (a¯ brin)[L.fr.Gr. habros, graceful, delicate -in]Apowerfulcellular toxinderivedfromtheseedsofthejequirtypea(Abrusprecatorius),also calledtheRosaryPea.Abrinprevents cellsfrommakingnecessaryproteins andmaycausedeathorpoisoningafter itisinhaled,consumed,orappliedtothe skin.

abruptio (a˘-bru˘p she¯-o¯)[L. abruptio, a breakingaway]Atearingawayfrom.

PATHOLOGY:Threetypesofplacentalabruptionoccur: a.centralis: apartialcentraldetachmentwithhidden bleedingbetweentheplacentaandthe uterinewall;occasionally,bloodwillinvadethemyometrium(Couvelaire uterus); a.complete: totalplacentaldetachment,markedbyprofusevaginal bleeding,profoundfetaldistress,and rapidfetaldemise; a.marginalis: partialseparationofanedgeoftheplacenta,asevidencedbyvaginalbleeding. Thelargeamountofcirculatingthromboplastinmaycauseacoagulationdefecttooccur,resultinginhypofibrinogenemia.SEE: Couvelaireuterus; disseminatedintravascularcoagulation. a.placentae Thesudden,premature,

partial,orcompletedetachmentofthe placentafromanormaluterinesiteof implantation.Theincidenceofabruptio placentaeis1:120births,andtheriskof recurrenceinlaterpregnanciesismuch higherthanthatforcohorts.SYN: ablatioplacentae SEE:illus.; placenta

ETIOLOGY:Thecauseisunknown; however,theconditionismostcommonlyassociatedwithpregnancy-inducedhypertension(PIH).Itmayoccasionallyberelatedtoabdominal trauma,substanceabuse(cigarette,alcohol,orcocaine),orsuddenpremature ruptureofmembranes.

SYMPTOMS:Abruptioplacentaeis classifiedaccordingtotypeandseverity. Grade1:vaginalbleedingwithpossible uterinetendernessandmildtetany;neithermothernorbabyisindistress;approximately10%to20%ofplacental surfaceisdetached. Grade2:uterine tenderness;tetany,withorwithout uterinebleeding;fetaldistress;mother isnotinshock.Approximately20%to 50%ofthetotalsurfaceareaoftheplacentaisdetached. Grade3:Uterinetetanyissevere;themotherisinshock,althoughbleedingmaybecovert;andthe fetusisdead.Oftenthepatientdevelops coagulopathy.Morethan50%oftheplacentalsurfaceisdetached.

PATHOLOGY:Extravasationofblood occursbetweentheplacentaandthe uterinewall,occasionallybetweenmusclefibersoftheuterus.Hemorrhagecan beconcealedorcovert,causingconsumptivecoagulopathy(disseminated intravascularcoagulopathy).

TREATMENT:Thisvarieswiththe typeandextentofabruption.Women experiencingonlyasmallmarginalseparationoftheplacentafromtheuterine wallmaybeconfinedtobedandmonitoredcloselyforsignsoffurtherthreat tomaternalorfetalstatus.Ifprematurityalsoisafactor,thewomanmaybe givenbetamethasonetoexpeditedevelopmentoffetalpulmonarysurfactant.If

thewomanisatornearterm,induction oflaborandvaginaldeliverymaybean option.SEE: betamethasone

Supportivetreatmentandprompt surgicalinterventionareindicatedfor womenwhohavemoderatetosevere abruptions.Completedetachmentcalls forimmediatecesareandelivery,concomitanttreatmentofshockand,sometimes,managementofacoagulationdefect.Themassivelossofblood jeopardizesthemother’ssurvival;fetal mortalityis100%.Iftheuterusfailsto contractafterthesurgicaldelivery,immediatehysterectomymaybenecessary.SEE: Couvelaireuterus.

PROGNOSIS:Althoughmaternal mortalityisunusual,otherthanas noted,theperinatalmortalityisbetween20%and30%.

PATIENT CARE: Earlyrecognition andpromptmanagementoftheevent andanyassociatedcomplicationsarevital.Thewoman’svitalsigns,fundal height,uterinecontractions,laborprogress,andfetalstatusdataaremonitored,includingheartrateandrhythm. Anychangesarenoted,suchasprolongeddecelerationsinfetalheartrate oralterationsinbaselinevariability; uterinetetany;complaintsofsudden, severeabdominalpain;andtheadvent oforincreaseinvaginalbleeding.Vaginalbloodlossisestimatedbyweighing perinealpadsandsubtractingthe knownweightofdrypads.Theinterval betweenpadchanges,thecharacterand amountofthebleeding,andthedegree ofpadsaturationarenoted.Prescribed IVfluidsandmedicationsareadministeredthroughalarge-borecatheter.A centralvenouspressurelinemaybe placedtoprovideaccesstothevenous circulation,andanindwellingcatheter isinsertedtomonitorurinaryoutput andfluidbalance.Acalmatmosphereis maintained,andthepatient’sverbalizationisencouraged.Thepatientisassistedincopingwithherfearsandanx-

Partial separation (concealed hemorrhage)
Partial separation (apparent hemorrhage)
Complete separation (concealed hemorrhage)

iety.Questionsareansweredtruthfully, comfortmeasuresareimplemented, andreassuranceisprovidedaspossible andconsistentwiththecurrentsituationandprognosis.Allproceduresare explained,andthewomanandherfamilyarepreparedforinductionoflabor, vaginaldelivery,orcesareanbirth,as appropriate.Thewomanmustbeassuredthateverythingisbeingdonefor theneonate’ssurvival,whichdepends primarilyongestationalage,bloodloss, andassociatedhypertensivedisorders. abs Acolloquialtermfortherectusabdominismuscles.

abscess (ab ses)[L. abscessus, agoing away,departure]Alocalizedcollection ofpusinanybodypart,resultingfrom invasionofapyogenicbacteriumor otherpathogen. Staphylococcusaureus, e.g.,methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA),isacommoncause.Theabscessissurroundedbyamembraneof variablestrengthcreatedbymacrophages,fibrin,andgranulationtissue. Abscessescandisruptfunctioninadjacenttissuesandcanbelifethreatening insomecircumstances,e.g.,inthelung orwithintheperitonealcavity. SEE:illus.; inflammation;pus;suppuration

ANTECUBITALABSCESS

Antecubitalabscessopenedtoallow drainageofinfection

acutea. Anabscessassociatedwith significantinflammation,producingintenseheat,redness,swelling,and throbbingpain.Thetissueovertheabscessbecomeselevated,soft,andeventuallyunstable(fluctuant)anddiscoloredastheabscesscomestoahead.An abscesscanrupturespontaneouslyorbe drainedviaanincision.Ifitisleftun-

treated,theinvadingpathogensmay spreadtoadjacenttissuesortoother partsofthebodythroughthebloodstream.Appearanceoforincreaseinfevermayindicatesepsis. alveolara. Anabscessaroundthe rootofatoothinthealveolarcavity.It isusuallytheresultofnecrosisandinfectionofdentalpulpfollowingtheoccurrenceofdentalcaries.SEE: periapical a. amebica. Anabscess,typicallyin theliver,causedby Entamoebahistolytica.SYN: endamebicabscess. anorectala. Anabscessintheischiorectalfossa.Itoccursinpatientswith Crohndisease,diabetesmellitus,or analfissuresmoreoftenthaninothers. Incision,drainage,andantibioticsusuallyprovideeffectivetreatment.SYN: rectalabscess.;SYN: ischiorectalabscess apicala. 1. Anabscessattheapexof alung. 2. Periapical a. appendiculara. Anabscessaround aninflamedorrupturedvermiformappendix.

axillarya. Anabscessormultipleabscessesintheaxilla,e.g.,inpatients withhidradenitissuppurativa.

Bartholina. SEE:under Bartholin, Caspar(theyounger) Bezolda. SEE:under Bezold,Friedrich bicamerala. Anabscesswithtwo pockets.

bileducta. Anabscessofthebile duct.SYN: cholangiticabscess. biliarya. Anabscessofthegallbladder.Itisaninfrequentcomplicationof cholangitisorobstructionofthebile duct.

bonea. Brodie abscess. braina. Anintracranialabscessinvolvingthebrainoritsmembranes.It isseldomprimarybutusuallyoccurs secondarytoinfectionsofthemiddle ear,nasalsinuses,face,orskullorfrom contaminationfrompenetrating woundsorskullfractures.Itmayalso haveametastaticoriginarisingfrom septicfociinthelungs(asinbronchiectasis,empyema,lungabscess),in bone(asinosteomyelitis),orinthe heart(asinendocarditis).Infectionof nervetissuebytheinvadingorganism resultsinnecrosisandliquefactionof thetissue,withedemaofsurrounding tissues.Brainabscessesmaybeacute, subacute,orchronic.Theirclinicalmanifestationsdependonthepartofthe braininvolved,thesizeoftheabscess, thevirulenceoftheinfectingorganism, andotherfactors.SYN: cerebralabscess;intracranialabscess. SYMPTOMSAND SIGNS:Symptoms mayincludeheadache,fever,vomiting, malaise,irritability,seizures,orparalysis.

TREATMENT:Theusualtreatmentis chemotherapy.Surgicaldrainagemay berequired.

breasta. Mammary a. Brodiea. SEE:under Brodie,Sir BenjaminCollins bursala. Anabscessinabursa. canaliculara. Abreastabscessthat dischargesintothemilkducts. caseousa. Anabscessinwhichthe pushasacheesyappearance. cerebrala. Brain a. cholangitica. Biliary a. chronica. Anabscesscontainingpus butwithoutsignsofinflammation.It usuallydevelopsslowlyasaresultof liquefactionoftuberculoustissue.It mayoccuranywhereinoronthebody butmorefrequentlyisfoundinthe spine,hips,genitourinarytract,and lymphglands.Symptomsmaybevery mild.Pain,whenpresent,iscausedby pressureonsurroundingparts;tendernessisoftenabsent.Chronicseptic changesaccompaniedbyafternoonfevermayoccur.Amyloiddiseasemaydevelopiftheabscesspersistsforaprolongedperiod.SYN: coldabscess circumtonsillara. Peritonsillar a. colda. Chronic a. collar-buttona. Twopus-containing cavities,onelargerthantheother,connectedbyanarrowchannel. dentala. Anacuteinflammatoryinfectionwithinthemaxillaormandible. SEE: periapical a.;periodontal a. dentoalveolara. Periapical a. diffusea. Anabscessnotcircumscribedbyawell-definedcapsule. drya. Anabscessthatdisappears withoutpointingorbreaking. embolica. Metastatic a. emphysematousa. Anabscesscontainingairorgas,producedbyorganismssuchas Clostridiumperfringens. SYN: gasabscess;tympaniticabscess. endamebica. Amebic a. epidurala. Extradural a. extradurala. Anabscessonthedura materthatisanoccasionalcauseof backpaininfebrilepatients,usuallyin thosewhoinjectdrugs.SYN: epidural abscess fecala. Anabscesscontainingboth pusandstool.SYN: stercoraceousabscess;stercoralabscess filariala. Anabscesscausedbyparasiticinfectionwithmicrofilariae. folliculara. Anabscessinafollicle. fungala. Anabscesscausedbyafungus,asinthesyndromemycetoma.

SYN: mycoticabscess. gasa. Emphysematous a. gingivala. Anabscessofthegum. helminthica. Worm a. hemorrhagica. Anabscesscontainingblood. hepatica. Liver a. hota. Acute a.

hypostatica. Metastatic a. idiopathica. Anabscessof unknown cause.

iliaca. Anabscessintheiliacregion. iliopsoasa. Anabscessinthepsoas andiliacusmuscles.Ittypicallyresults fromalocalorregionalspreadofanintestinalorrenalabscessorfromabloodborneinfection,e.g.,afteradruginjection.SYN: psoas a. intracraniala. Brain a. intradurala. Anabscesswithinthe layersoftheduramater. intraperitoneala. Peritoneal a. ischiorectala. Anorectal a. kidneya. Anabscessinthekidney, typicallyfollowingpyelonephritisora blood-borneinfection.Themostcommoncausativeorganismsaregram-negativebacteriafromthelowerurinary tractthatspreadtothekidneysand Staphylococcusaureus fromabloodborneinfection.Immunocompromised patientsmaydevelopabscessescaused by Nocardia,Candida, or Aspergillus. Occasionally, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis and Echinococcus areresponsible agents.SYN: renal.

TREATMENT:Antimicrobialagents areusedincombinationwithsurgical drainage.Occasionally,nephrectomyor retroperitonealexplorationisrequired. lacrimala. Anabscessinalacrimal glandorinalacrimalduct. lateralalveolara. Anabscessoccurringinperiodontaltissue. livera. Anabscessinthelivercaused bypathogenicorganismssuchasthose ofspeciesof Bacteroides,Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, or Entamoebahistolytica

SYMPTOMSAND SIGNS:Thepatient generallyhashighfevers;sweatsand chills;andanenlarged,painful,tender liver.Pusmaybeobtainedbyaspiration.

IMPACTON HEALTH:Embolic(multiple)abscessesaregenerallyfatal. Liverabscessesmayhealafterthey havebeenremovedandtreatedwithantibiotics.SEE: hepatic a. lumbara. Anabscessinthelumbar region.

lunga. Anabscessinlungtissue, causedbyanaerobicbacteriasuchas Staphylococcusaureus or Nocardia species.

lymphatica. Anabscessofalymph node.

mammarya. Anabscessinthefemalebreast,esp.oneinvolvingtheglandulartissue.Itusuallyoccursduring lactationorweaning.SYN: breastabscess mastoida. Anabscessofthemastoid portionofthetemporalbone. metastatica. Asecondaryabscessat adistancefromthefocusofinfection.

SYN: embolicabscess;hypostaticabscess;wanderingabscess miliarya. Multiplesmallembolicabscesses. milka. Amammaryabscessduring lactation. mycotica. Fungal a. orbitala. Anabscessintheorbitof theeye. palatala. Anabscessinamaxillary tooth,eruptingtowardthepalate. palmara. Anabscessinthetissues ofthepalmofthehand. pancreatica. Anabscessofpancreatictissue,usuallyasacomplicationof acutepancreatitisorabdominalsurgery. parametrica. Anabscessbetween thefoldsofthebroadligamentsofthe uterus. paranephrica. Anabscessinthetissuesaroundthekidney.SYN: perinephricabscess parapancreatica. Anabscessinthe tissuesadjacenttothepancreas.SYN: peripancreaticabscess parietala. Aperiodontalabscess arisingintheperiodontaltissueother thantheorificethroughwhichthevascularsupplyentersthedentalpulp. pelvica. Anabscessofthepelvic peritoneum,esp.inthepouchofDouglas.Itmayariseasacomplicationofa sexuallytransmitteddiseaseordiverticulitis. perianala. Anabscessoftheskin aroundtheanus.Itusuallyresultsfrom obstructionofintestinalcryptsandsubsequentfistulaformationintheskin. SYN: periprocticabscess. periapicala. Anabscessattheapex ofatooth,usuallyresultingfromdental cariesortoothtrauma.Itmaybeclassifiedfurtherasanacuteperiapicalabscess,achronicperiapicalabscess,a periapicalgranuloma,oraradicular cyst.SYN: apicalabscess (2); dentoalveolarabscess pericementala. Analveolarabscess notinvolvingtheapexofatooth. pericoronala. Pericoronitis. peridentala. Anabscessofperiodontaltissue. perinephrica. Paranephric a. periodontala. Anacuteorchronic abscessfoundinthegingiva,periodontalpockets,orperiodontalligament. peripancreatica. Parapancreatic a. periproctica. Perianal a. peritoneala. Anabscesswithinthe peritonealcavityusuallyfollowingperitonitis.Itisusuallycausedbyenteric bacteria,e.g., Escherichiacoli, enterococci,or Klebsiella.SYN: intraperitoneal abscess. peritonsillara. Anabscessofthetissuearoundthetonsillarcapsule.Needle aspirationoftheabscess,withsubsequentantibiotictherapy,isaneffective

treatmentin90%ofcases.SYN: circumtonsillarabscess pneumococcica. Anabscessdueto infectionwithpneumococci(Streptococcuspneumoniae). premammarya. Asubcutaneousor subareolarabscessofthemammary gland. pulpa. 1. Anabscessinthepulp chamberofatooth. 2. Anabscessofthe tissuesofthepulpofafinger. rectala. Anorectal a. renala. Kidney a. retrocecala. Anabscesslocatedbehindthececum.Itisanoccasional,severecomplicationofarupturedappendixorCrohndisease. retromammarya. Anabscessbetweenthemammaryglandandthe chestwall. retroperitoneala. Anabscesslocated betweentheperitoneumandtheposteriorabdominalwall.Itmayarisefrom anabscessinthekidneyorfromthe spreadofanintraperitonealinfection posteriorly. retropharyngeala. Anabscessofthe lymphnodesinthewallsofthepharynx.Itsometimessimulatesdiphtheriticpharyngitis.

CAUSES: Staphylococcusaureus and groupAbeta-hemolyticstreptococcus arethemostcommonpathogens.

SYMPTOMSAND SIGNS:Typically,a historyofpharyngitisiselicited.Thisis followedbyhighfever,dysphagia,and refusaltoeat.Theconditionprogresses torespiratorydistresswithhyperextensionofthehead(“sniffingposition”), tachypnea,laboredbreathing,and drooling.Anexquisitelytenderbulgein thepharyngealwallisusuallyevident.

TREATMENT:Aretropharyngealabscess,iffluctuant,shouldbetreated withincisionanddrainage.Ifitisrecognizedbeforebecomingfluctuant,the abscessshouldbetreatedwithantibiotics,intravenouslyadministeredifthe patientisunabletoswallow. retrovesicala. Anabscessbehindthe bladder. runarounda. Acolloquialtermfora bacterialinfectionthatsurroundsafingernail;aparonychia. sacrococcygeala. Anabscessover thesacrumandcoccyx. septicemica. Anabscessresulting fromsepticemia. spermatica. Anabscessoftheseminiferoustubules. spinala. Anabscessresultingfrom necrosisofavertebra. splenica. Anabscessofthespleen. Itmayariseeitherfromthespreadof infectionfromaneighboringorgan (suchasadiverticularabscessorarupturedgastriculcer)orfromhematogenousspreadinpatientswithinfective endocarditis.

stercorala. Fecal a. sterilea. Anabscessfromwhichmicroorganismscannotbecultivated,such asanoccasionalcomplicationofanintramuscularinjection. streptococcala. Anabscesscaused bystreptococci. subaponeurotica. Anabscessbeneathanaponeurosisorfascia. subarachnoida. Anabscessofthe midlayerofthecoveringofthebrain andspinalcord. subareolara. Anabscessunderneath theareolaofthemammarygland,sometimesdrainingthroughthenipple. subdiaphragmatica. Anabscessbeneaththediaphragm,e.g.,ahepatic, splenic,orinterperitonealabscess.

SYN: subphrenicabscess. subdurala. Anabscessbeneaththe duraofthebrainorspinalcord. subgaleala. Anabscessbeneaththe galeaaponeurotica(theepicranialaponeurosis).

subphrenica. Subdiaphragmatic a. subunguala. Anabscessbeneaththe fingernail.Itmayfollowinjuryfroma pin,needle,orsplinter. sudoriparousa. Anabscessofa sweatgland. syphilitica. Anabscessoccurringin thetertiarystageofsyphilis,esp.in bone.

thecala. Aspinalepiduralabscess. tonsillara. Acutesuppurativetonsillitis.

tootha. Alveolar a. tropicala. Anamebicabscessofthe liver.

tuberculousa. Chronic a. tubo-ovariana. Anabscessinvolving boththefallopiantubesandtheovaries. Itistypicallytransmittedsexually. tympanitica. Emphysematous a. tympanocervicala. Anabscessarisinginthetympanumandextendingto theneck. tympanomastoida. Anabscessof boththetympanumandthemastoid. urethrala. Anabscessintheurethra. urinarya. Anabscesscausedbyescapeofurineintosurroundingtissues. urinousa. Anabscessthatcontains pusandurine. verminousa. Worm a. wanderinga. Metastatic a. worma. Anabscesscausedbyor containinginsectlarvae,worms,or otheranimalparasites.SYN: helminthic;verminousabscess. abscissa (ab-sis a˘)[L. abscindere, tocut off]Thehorizontalline,orx-axis,ina graphofatwo-dimensionalcoordinate systeminwhichperpendicularhorizontalandverticallinesareusedinorder toprovideaframeofreference.Theordinateistheverticalline,ory-axis. abscission (ab-si zho˘n)[L. abscindere,

tocutoff]Removalbycuttingoff;excision.

abscopal (ab-sko¯ pa˘l)Concerningtheeffectofradiationontissuesatsomedistancefromtheactualradiationsiteor target. absence (ab se˘ns)[Fr.fr.L. absentia] 1. Brieftemporarylossofconsciousness, asmayoccurinpetitmalepilepsy. 2. Lackofdevelopmentofastructure. absenteeism (ab se˘n-te izm)[absentee -ism]Prolongedorrepeatedabsence fromwork,school,orassignedduties. Absidia (ab-sid e¯-a˘)AgenusofpathogenicfungioftheorderPhycomycetes andthefamilyMucoraceae.

absinthe,absinth (ab sinth)[L.fr.Grapsinthion, wormwood]Abitter,green, distilled,highlyalcoholic,anise-flavoredspiritderivedfrombotanicals,includingtheflowersandleaveswormwood,greenanise,sweetfennel,and otherherbs.By1915,absinthehadbeen bannedintheU.S.andinmuchofEuropebecauseofitsallegedtoxicity.Arevivalofabsinthebeganinthe1990s, and,bytheearly21stcentury,nearly 200brandsofabsinthewerebeingproducedinadozencountries,including theU.S.SEE: wormwood

absinthium (ab-sin the¯-u˘m)[absinthe -ium (2)]Wormwood.

absolute (ab so˘-loot )[L. absolvere, to setfree] 1. Unrestricted,complete,total. 2. Pureorhighlyconcentrated. absolutebenefitincrease ABBR:ABI. 1. Thebeneficialeffectofaninterventionortreatmentinaclinicaltrial.It consistsofthenumberofeventsobservedintheexperimentalcohortminusthenumberofeventsinthecontrol group.Thetermistheoppositeofthe “absoluteriskincrease.” 2. Inanexperiment,thenumberofpeoplebenefiting fromaninterventionminusthenumber whobenefitedeventhoughtheyweren’t treated.

absoluteriskincrease ABBR:ARI.A measureofthenegativeeffectofaninterventionortreatmentinaclinical trial.Itconsistsofthenumberofadverseeventsfoundintheexperimental groupminusthenumberofadverse eventsinthecontrolgroup.Itistheoppositeofthe“absolutebenefitincrease.”

absorb (a˘b-sorb )[Fr.fr.L. absorbere, to suckin]Totakein,suckup,orimbibe. SEE: absorption;adsorb;adsorption absorbance (a˘b-sor ba˘ns) 1. Inhealth care,theabilityofamaterialoratissue toabsorbelectromagneticradiation, esp.ionizingradiation. 2. Inchemistry, thenegativelogarithmofthetransmittanceofradiationthroughasubstance orsolution. absorbent (a˘b-sor be˘nt)[absorb] 1. A substancethatabsorbs. 2. Havingthe powertoabsorb.

absorptiometry (a˘b-sorp she¯-o˘m e˘-tre¯) [absorptiometer]Themeasurementof thedissipationofx-raysastheypass throughsubstances,e.g.,bodytissues. dual-energyx-raya. ABBR:DEXA; DXA.Aradiographictechniqueusedto measuretheaveragedensityofthemineralconcentrationofbone,asatthefemur,theheel,ortheforearm.Itisused primarilyinthediagnosisofosteopenia andosteoporosis.

absorption (a˘b-sorp sho˘n)[L. absorptio] 1. Thetakingupofliquidsbysolidsor ofgasesbysolidsorliquids. 2. Thetakingupoflightoritsenergybyblackor coloredrays. 3. Thetakingupbythe bodyofradiantenergy,causingarisein bodytemperature. 4. Thereductionin intensityofanx-rayphotonasitpasses throughasubstanceorabeamoflight asitpassesthroughasolution(usedin clinicalphotometryaswellasnuclear methods). 5. Thepassageofasubstance throughsomesurfaceofthebodyinto bodyfluidsandtissues,suchasthediffusionofoxygenfromthealveolarair intotheblood,ortheactivetransportof aminoacidsfromfoodthroughtheepitheliumofthesmallintestine. carbohydratea. Thetakingupofthe monosaccharidesbythebrushborderof thesmallintestine. colonica. Theuptakeofwater,electrolytessuchassodium,aminoacids, andsomedrugsbythemucosaofthe largebowel.

cutaneousa. Absorptionthroughthe skin.SYN: percutaneous a. externala. Absorptionofmaterialby theskinandmucousmembrane. fata. Thetakingupofglycerolsand fattyacids,suspendedinbilesalts,into thevilliofthesmallintestine. gastrica. Absorptionofwater,alcohol,andsomesaltsthroughthegastric mucosa.

moutha. Oralorbuccalabsorption ofmaterialsormedicinessuchasnicotineornitroglycerin.Alkaloidsarebetterabsorbedthroughtheoralmucosa thanacidicchemicals. parenterala. Absorptionoffluids, electrolytes,andnutrientsfromasite otherthanthegastrointestinaltract. pathologicala. Absorptionofasubstancenormallyexcreted,e.g.,urine,or ofaproductofdiseaseprocesses,e.g., pus,intothebloodorlymph. percutaneousa. Cutaneous a. proteina. Thetakingupofaminoacids—singly,orlinkedasdipeptidesor tripeptides—bythebrushborderofthe smallintestine.

smallintestinala. Theuptakeofwater,fattyacids,monosaccharides,amino acids,vitamins,andmineralsfromthe lumenofthegutintothecapillarynetworksandlactealsofthevilli.Thesmall

intestineisthemajorsiteofnutrientabsorptioninthebody. absorptionlines Inspectroscopy,dark linesofthesolarspectrum. absorptive (a˘b-sorp tiv)Absorbent. absorptively, adv. absorptiveness, n. ABSSI Abbreviationforacutebacterial skinandskinstructureinfection. abstinence (a˘b sti-ne˘ns)[Fr.frL. abstinere, toabstain] 1. Goingwithout somethingvoluntarily,esp.refraining fromindulgenceinfood,alcoholicbeverages,orsexualintercourse. 2. Accordingtosomeethicalsystems,renunciationofallsexualactivity,e.g.,by Buddhistsmonksandnunsandsome Christianclergy.SEE: continence. abstinent (a˘b sti-ne˘nt), adj. abstract (a˘b stra˘kt,ab strakt,ab-strakt ) [L. abstrahere, todrawaway] 1. Asummaryorabridgmentofanarticle,book, oraddress. 2. Intangible. dischargea. Dischargesummary. abstraction (a˘b-strak sho˘n)[L. abstractio, separation] 1. Removalorseparationofaconstituentfromamixtureor compound. 2. Distractionofthemind; inattentionorabsent-mindedness. 3. Theprocesswherebythoughtsand ideasaregeneralizedanddissociated fromparticularconcreteinstancesor materialobjects.

abulia,aboulia (a˘-bu¯ le¯-a˘)[a- Gr. boule¯, will -ia] 1. Absenceofordecreasedabilitytoexercisewillpoweror initiativeortomakedecisions. 2. Asyndromemarkedbyslowreaction,lackof spontaneity,andbriefspokenresponses.Itmaybepartoftheclinical picturethataccompaniesinjuriestoor diseasesoftheinternalcapsules,basal ganglia,orfrontallobesofthebrain. abuse (a˘-bu¯s )[L. abusus, wasting,misuse] 1. Excessiveorimproperuse,e.g., ofalcohol;misuse. 2. Injurious,pathological,ormalignanttreatmentofanotherpersonorlivingthing,e.g.,verbal, physical,orsexualassault.

childa. Emotional,physical,orsexualinjurytoachild.Itmaybedueeithertoanactionortoanomissionby thoseresponsibleforthechild.Indomesticsituationsinwhichachildis abused,itisimportanttoexamineother childrenandinfantslivinginthat home;about20%willhavesignsof physicalabuse.Theexaminationshould bedonewithoutdelay.Aninfantor childmustneverbeallowedtoremain inanenvironmentwhereabusehasoccurred.SEE: battered childsyndrome; shaken babysyndrome.

PATIENT CARE: Allhealthcareproviders,teachers,andotherswhowork withchildrenareresponsibleforidentifyingandreportingabusivesituations asearlyaspossible.Risksforabusemay beassessedbyidentifyingpredisposing parental,child,andenvironmental

Another random document with no related content on Scribd:

Women’s ceremony, 219

Wooden belt, 256 bowl, 220 hooks, 396 images, 104-7, 333, 360, 375

Woodpecker, 389

Yam, Island of, 174, 176, 178-80

Yam charms, 104-7, 202, 203 zogo, 86

Yaraikanna tribe, 190

Yeku, 262

Yellow earth, 172

Yule Island. Cf. Rabao

Zab Zogo (fishing-shrine), 68

Zabarker shrine, 60

Ziai Neur Zogo, 65

Ziria, 252, 256

Ziriam Zogo, 59

Zogo, 53-70; meaning of term, 67; coconut, 87; divining skull, 91; of Wiwar (constipation), 88, 89; yam, 86

mer (sacred words), 31, 32, 45, 46, 63

Zogole (sacred men of Murray Island), 48, 61, 70, 88, 89, 92

PLYMOUTH

WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON PRINTERS

N 1901

M. M’ ANNOUNCEMENTS

DANTE

STUDIES AND RESEARCHES. By P T, D. Litt., M.A. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Among the subjects dealt with are ‘Dante’s Latin Dictionary,’ ‘Dante and the Lancelot Romance,’ Dante’s references to Pythagoras, Dante’s obligations to Alfraganus, to Orosius, to Albertus Magnus; Dante’s theories as to the spots on the moon, the seven examples of munificence in the Convivio, the Commentary of Benvenutoda Imola on the Divina Commedia, etc., etc.

Methuen’s Standard Library

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By T C. Edited by C. R. L. F, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Three Volumes. Crown 8vo. 6s. each.

This edition is magnificently equipped with notes by a scholar who has given three years to its preparation

THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF OLIVER CROMWELL. By T C With an Introduction by C. H. F, M.A., and Notes and Appendices by Mrs. L. Three Volumes. 6s. each.

This edition is brought up to the standard of modern scholarship by the addition of numerous new letters of Cromwell, and by the correction of many errors which recent research has discovered.

CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS. By L M. Edited by F. C. M, M.A. Three Volumes. Crown 8vo. 6s. each.

The only edition of this book completely annotated.

Little Biographies

Fcap. 8vo. Each Volume, cloth, 3s. 6d.; leather, 4s. net.

Messrs. M are publishing a new series bearing the above title. Each book contains the biography of a character famous in war, art, literature or science, and is written by an acknowledged expert. The books are charmingly produced and well illustrated. They form delightful gift books.

THE LIFE OF JOHN HOWARD. By E. C S G, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. With 12 Illustrations.

The Works of Shakespeare

Messrs. M are publishing an Edition of Shakespeare in single Plays. Each play is edited with a full Introduction, Textual Notes, and a Commentary at the foot of the page.

KING LEAR. Edited by W. J. C. Demy 8vo. 3s. 6d.

The Little Library

‘The volumes are compact in size, printed on thin but good paper in clear type, prettily and at the same time strongly bound, and altogether good to look upon and handle.’ Outlook.

Pott 8vo. Each Volume, cloth, 1s. 6d. net; leather, 2s. 6d. net.

Messrs. M are producing a series of small books under the above title, containing some of the famous books in English and other literatures, in the domains of fiction, poetry, and belles lettres. The series contains several volumes of selections in prose and verse.

The books are edited with the most sympathetic and scholarly care. Each one contains an Introduction which gives (1) a short biography of the author, (2) a critical estimate of the book. Where they are necessary, short notes are added at the foot of the page.

Each book has a portrait or frontispiece in photogravure, and the volumes are produced with great care in a style uniform with that of ‘The Library of Devotion.’

CHRISTMAS BOOKS. By W. M. T. Edited by S. G.

ESMOND. By W. M. T. Edited by S. G. Two volumes.

CHRISTMAS BOOKS. By C D. Edited by G G. Two volumes.

THE COMPLEAT ANGLER. By I W. Edited by J. B.

THE ESSAYS OF ELIA; First and Second Series. By C L. Edited by E. V. L.

THE ENGLISH POEMS OF RICHARD CRASHAW. Edited by E H.

A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY. By L S. Edited by H. W. P.

THE PARADISO OF DANTE. Translated by H. F. C. Edited by P T.

CALIPH VATHEK. By W B. Edited by E. D. R.

Illustrated Books and Books for Children

THE BROTHERS DALZIEL: being a Record of Fifty Years of their Work, 1840-1890. With 150 Illustrations after Pictures by Lord L, P.R.A., Sir J. E. M, Bart., P.R.A., Sir E. J. P, P.R.A., H H, D G. R, Sir J T, J R, and many others. Quarto. 21s. net.

THE ESSAYS OF ELIA. By C L. With over 100 Illustrations by A. G J, and an Introduction by E. V. L. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

This is probably the most beautiful edition of Lamb’s Essays that has ever been published. The illustrations display the most remarkable sympathy,

insight, and skill, and the introduction is by a critic whose knowledge of Lamb is unrivalled.

THE VISIT TO LONDON. Described in verse by E. V. L, and in coloured pictures by F. D. B. Small 4to. 6s.

This charming book describes the introduction of a country child to the delights and sights of London. It is the result of a well-known partnership between author and artist.

The Little Blue Books for Children

Edited by E. V. L

Illustrated. Square Fcap, 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Messrs. M have in preparation a series of children’s books under the above general title. The aim of the editor is to get entertaining or exciting stories about normal children, the moral of which is implied rather than expressed. The books will be reproduced in a somewhat unusual form, which will have a certain charm of its own. The first three volumes arranged are:

1. THE CASTAWAYS OF MEADOW BANK. By T. C.

2. THE BEECHNUT BOOK. By J A. Edited by E. V. L.

3. THE AIR GUN: or, How the Mastermans and Dobson Major nearly lost their Holidays. By T. H.

History

CROMWELL’S ARMY: A History of the English Soldier during the Civil Wars, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate. By C. H. F, M.A. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

An elaborate study and description of Cromwell’s army by which the victory of the Parliament was secured. The ‘New Model’ is described in minute detail, and the author, who is one of the most distinguished historians of the day, has made great use of unpublished MSS.

ANNALS OF CHRIST’S HOSPITAL. By E. H. P, M.A. With numerous illustrations. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d.

A HISTORY OF RUSSIA FROM PETER THE GREAT TO ALEXANDER II. By W. R. M, Jesus College, Oxford. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

This history, by the most distinguished authority in England, is founded on a study of original documents, and though necessarily brief, is the most comprehensive narrative in existence Considerable attention has been paid to the social and literary development of the country, and the recent expansion of Russia in Asia

A HISTORY OF THE POLICE IN ENGLAND. By Captain M L. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

This highly interesting book is the first history of the police force from its first beginning to its present development. Written as it is by an author of competent historical and legal qualifications, it will be indispensable to every magistrate and to all who are indirectly interested in the police force

A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE: From its Beginning to Tennyson. By L. E. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d.

A HISTORY OF THE BRITISH IN INDIA. By A. D. I, M.A. With Maps and Plans. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Biography

THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. By G B. Two Volumes. Demy 8vo. 25s. net.

This highly interesting biography has been entrusted by Mr Stevenson’s family to his cousin, Mr Balfour, and all available materials have been placed at his disposal The book is rich in unpublished and letters, diaries of travel, reminiscences of friends, and a valuable fragment of autobiography It also contains a complete bibliography of all Stevenson’s work This biography of one of the most attractive and sympathetic personalities in English literature should possess a most fascinating interest. The book will be uniform with The Edinburgh Edition.

THE LIFE OF FRANÇOIS DE FENELON. By V S. C. With 8 Portraits. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

This biography has engaged the author for many years, and the book is not only the study of an interesting personality, but an important contribution to the history of the period

THE CONVERSATIONS OF JAMES NORTHCOTE, R.A. and JAMES WARD. Edited by E F. With many Portraits. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

This highly interesting, racy, and stimulating book, contains hitherto unpublished utterances of Northcote during a period of twenty-one years. There are many reminiscences of Sir Joshua Reynolds, much advice to young painters, and many references to the great artists and great figures of the day

Travel, Adventure and Topography

HEAD-HUNTERS, BLACK, WHITE, AND BROWN. By A. C. H, Sc.D., F.R.S. With many Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo. 15s.

A narrative of adventure and exploration in Northern Borneo It contains much matter of the highest scientific interest

A BOOK OF BRITTANY. By S. B G. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 6s.

Uniform in scope and size with Mr. Baring Gould’s well-known books on Devon, Cornwall, and Dartmoor.

General Literature

WOMEN AND THEIR WORK. By the Hon. Mrs. L. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A discussion of the present position of women in view of the various occupations and interests which are or may be open to them There will be an introduction dealing with the general question, followed by chapters on the family, the household, philanthropic work, professions, recreation, and friendship

ENGLISH VILLAGES. By P H. D, M.A., F.S.A. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A popular and interesting account of the history of a typical village, and of village life in general in England.

SPORTING MEMORIES.

By J. O P. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.

This volume of reminiscences by a well-known sportsman and Master of Hounds deals chiefly with fox-hunting experiences

Science

DRAGONS OF THE AIR.

By H. G. S, F.R.S., With many Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A popular history of the most remarkable flying animals which ever lived. Their relations to mammals, birds, and reptiles, living and extinct, are shown by an original series of illustrations. The scattered remains preserved in Europe and the United States have been put together accurately to show the varied forms of the animals. The book is a natural history of these extinct animals, which flew by means of a single finger.

Theology

REGNUM DEI. T B

L 1901. By A. R, D.D., Principal of King’s College, London. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d. net.

This book is an endeavour to ascertain the meaning of the ‘Kingdom of God’ in its original prominence in the teaching of Christ It reviews historically the main interpretations of this central idea in the successive phases of Christian tradition and life Special attention is given to the sense in which St Augustine identified the Church with the Kingdom of God The later lectures follow out the alternative ideas of the Church, and of its relation to civil society which the Middle Ages and more recent types of Christian thought have founded upon alternative conceptions of the Kingdom of God.

OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY.

By G. W. W, D.D. With Maps. Crown 8vo. 6s.

This book presents a connected account of the Hebrew people during the period covered by the Old Testament; and has been drawn up from the Scripture records in accordance with the methods of historical criticism The text of the Bible has been studied in the light thrown upon it by the best modern commentators; but the reasons for the conclusions stated are not

left to be sought for in the commentaries, but are discussed in the course of the narrative. Much attention has been devoted to tracing the progress of religion amongst the Hebrews, and the book, which is furnished with maps, is further adapted to the needs of theological students by the addition of geographical notes, tables, and a full index

THE AGAPE AND THE EUCHARIST. By J. F. K, D.D. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. A Revised Translation, with an Introduction, by C. B, D.D., Canon of Christ Church. With Frontispiece. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

A new edition, carefully revised and set in large type, of Dr. Bigg’s well-known version.

Oxford Commentaries

General Editor, W L, D.D., Warden of Keble College, Dean Ireland’s Professor of Exegesis in the University of Oxford.

THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES: With Introduction and Notes by R. B. R, M.A. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.

The Churchman’s Library

General Editor, J. H. BURN, B.D., Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Aberdeen.

THE OLD TESTAMENT AND THE NEW SCHOLARSHIP. By J. W. P, D.D. Crown 8vo. 6s. COMPARATIVE RELIGION. By J. A. MC.

THE CHURCH OF CHRIST. By E. T. G. Crown 8vo.

THE CHURCHMAN’S INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT

Edited by A M. M, B.A. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

The Churchman’s Bible

General Editor, J. H. BURN, B.D.

Messrs. M are issuing a series of expositions upon most of the books of the Bible. The volumes will be practical and devotional, and the text of the authorised version is explained in sections, which will correspond as far as possible with the Church Lectionary.

ISAIAH. Edited by W. E. B, D.D., Fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge. Two Volumes. 2s. net each.

THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE EPHESIANS.

Edited by G. H. W. 1s. 6d. net.

The Library of Devotion

Pott 8vo, cloth, 2s.; leather, 2s. 6d. net.

‘This series is excellent.’ T B L.

‘Very delightful ’ T B B W

‘Well worth the attention of the Clergy.’ T B L.

‘The new “Library of Devotion” is excellent.’ T B P

‘Charming.’ Record.

‘Delightful ’ Church Bells

THE THOUGHTS OF PASCAL. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by C. S. J, M.A.

ON THE LOVE OF GOD. By S. F S. Edited by W. J. K-L, M.A.

A MANUAL OF CONSOLATION FROM THE SAINTS AND FATHERS. Edited by J. H. B, B.D.

THE SONG OF SONGS. Being Selections from S. B.

Edited by B. B, M.A.

Leaders of Religion

Edited by H. C. B, M.A. With Portraits. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

A series of short biographies of the most prominent leaders of religious life and thought of all ages and countries.

BISHOP BUTLER. By W. A. S, M.A., Fellow of New College, Oxford.

Educational Books

COMMERCIAL EDUCATION IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. By E. E. W, M.A. Crown 8vo. 5s.

An introduction to Methuen’s Commercial Series treating the question of Commercial Education fully from both the point of view of the teacher and of the parent.

EASY

GREEK EXERCISES. By C. G. B, M.A. Crown 8vo. 2s.

GERMAN VOCABULARIES FOR REPETITION. By S W. Fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

A COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF FOREIGN NATIONS. By F. C. B, B.A. Crown 8vo. 2s.

JUNIOR EXAMINATION SERIES. Edited by A. M. M. S, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. 1s.

F E P. By F. J, B.A.

L E P By C G B, M A

A E P. By A S. L, M.A.

E G E P By W W, B A

Fiction

THE HISTORY OF SIR RICHARD CALMADY: A Romance. By L M, Author of ‘The Wages of Sin.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

This is the first long and elaborate book by Lucas Malet since ‘The Wages of Sin ’ It is a romance on realistic lines, and will certainly be one of the most important novels of the last ten years

This novel, the scene of which is laid in the moorland country of the northern part of Hampshire, in London, and in Naples, opens in the year of grace

1842. The action covers a period of about three and thirty years; and deals with the experiences and adventures of an English country gentleman of an essentially normal type of character, subjected owing to somewhat distressing antecedent circumstances to very abnormal conditions of life The book is frankly a romance; but it is also frankly a realistic and modern one

THE SERIOUS WOOING: A Heart’s History. By Mrs. C (J O H), Author of ‘Robert Orange.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

LIGHT FREIGHTS. By W. W. J, Author of ‘Many Cargoes.’ Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

A volume of stories by Mr. Jacobs uniform in character and appearance with ‘Many Cargoes.’

CLEMENTINA. By A. E. W. M, Author of ‘The Courtship of Morrice Buckler,’ ‘Miranda of the Balcony,’ etc. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A spirited romance of the Jacobites somewhat after the manner of ‘Morrice Buckler.’ The Old Pretender is introduced as one of the chief characters.

A WOMAN ALONE. By Mrs. W. K. C, Author of ‘Aunt Anne.’ Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

A volume of stories

THE STRIKING HOURS. By E P, Author of ‘Children of the Mist,’ ‘Sons of the Morning,’ etc. Crown 8vo. 6s.

The annals of a Devon village, containing much matter of humorous and pathetic interest.

FANCY FREE. By E P, Author of ‘Children of the Mist.’ Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A humorous book Uniform with ‘The Human Boy ’

TALES OF DUNSTABLE WEIR. By G K (Z). Author of ‘Life is Life.’ With Photogravure Frontispiece by E. W. H. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A volume of stories after the style of ‘Zack’s’ well-known first book ‘Life is Life ’

ANGEL. By Mrs. B. M. C. Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE PROPHET OF BERKELEY SQUARE. By R H, Author of ‘Flames,’ ‘Tongues of Conscience,’ etc. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A new long novel

THE ALIEN. By F. F. M, Author of ‘Into the Highways and Hedges.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE EMBARRASSING ORPHAN. By W. E. N. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.

ROYAL GEORGIE. By S. B G, Author of ‘Mehalah.’ With eight Illustrations by D. M S. Crown 8vo. 6s.

FORTUNE’S DARLING. By W R, Author of ‘Love and Quiet Life.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE MILLION. By D G, Author of ‘Lady Baby.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

FROM THE LAND OF THE SHAMROCK. By J B, Author of ‘Irish Idylls.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE WOOING OF SHEILA. By G R. Crown 8vo. 6s.

RICKERBY’S FOLLY. By T G, Author of ‘Kiddy.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

A GREAT LADY. By A S, Author of ‘The Story of a Penitent Soul.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

MARY HAMILTON. By L E H. Crown 8vo. 6s.

MASTER OF MEN. By E. P O Crown 8vo. 6s.

BOTH SIDES OF THE VEIL. By R M, Author of ‘The Seen and the Unseen.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

A GALLANT QUAKER. By Mrs. R. Illustrated by A. H. B Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE THIRTEEN EVENINGS. By G B, Author of ‘The People of Clopton.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE SKIRTS OF HAPPY CHANCE. By H. B. M W Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.

A FOOL’S YEAR. By E. H. C, Author of ‘Mr Blake of Newmarket.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

This book, like most of Mr. Cooper’s novels, is chiefly concerned with sport and racing.

THE YEAR ONE: A Page of the French Revolution. By J. B B, Author of ‘The Clash of Arms.’ Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE DEVASTATORS. By A C, Author of ‘Path and Goal.’ Crown 8vo. 6s.

THE FORTUNE OF CHRISTINA M’NAB. By S. MN. Crown 8vo. 6s.

JOHN TOPP: Pirate. By W C. Crown 8vo. 6s.

The Novelist

Messrs. M are issuing under the above general title a Monthly Series of Novels by popular authors at the price of Sixpence. Each Number is as long as the average Six Shilling Novel. XXIII. THE HUMAN BOY. E P.

XXIV. THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO. A H. XXV. BY STROKE OF SWORD. A B.

XXVI. KITTY ALONE. S. B G. [October.

Methuen’s Sixpenny Library

A New Series of Copyright Books.

THE CONQUEST OF LONDON. D G.

A VOYAGE OF CONSOLATION. S J. D.

THE MUTABLE MANY. R B.

A CATALOGUE OF M. M’ PUBLICATIONS

Poetry

Rudyard Kipling. BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS. By R K. 68th Thousand. Crown 8vo. 6s. Leather, 6s. net.

‘Mr. Kipling’s verse is strong, vivid, full of character.... Unmistakeable genius rings in every line.’ Times.

‘The ballads teem with imagination, they palpitate with emotion We read them with laughter and tears; the metres throb in our pulses, the cunningly ordered words tingle with life; and if this be not poetry, what is?’ Pall Mall Gazette

Rudyard Kipling. THE SEVEN SEAS. By R K. 57th Thousand. Cr. 8vo. Buckram, gilt top. 6s. Leather, 6s. net.

‘The Empire has found a singer; it is no depreciation of the songs to say that statesmen may have, one way or other, to take account of them.’ Manchester Guardian.

‘Animated through and through with indubitable genius.’ Daily Telegraph.

“Q.” POEMS AND BALLADS. By “Q.” Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

“Q.” GREEN BAYS: Verses and Parodies. By “Q.” Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

H. Ibsen. BRAND. A Drama by H I. Translated by W W. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

A. D. Godley. LYRA FRIVOLA. By A. D. G, M.A., Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Third Edition. Pott 8vo. 2s. 6d.

‘Combines a pretty wit with remarkably neat versification.... Every one will wish there was more of it.’ Times.

A. D. Godley. VERSES TO ORDER. By A. D. G Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.

J. G. Cordery. THE ODYSSEY OF HOMER. A Translation by J. G. C. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Herbert Trench. DEIRDRE WED: and Other Poems. By H T. Crown 8vo. 5s.

Edgar Wallace. WRIT IN BARRACKS. By E W. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Belles Lettres, Anthologies,

etc.

R. L. Stevenson. VAILIMA LETTERS. By R L S. With an Etched Portrait by W S. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. Buckram. 6s.

‘A fascinating book.’—Standard.

‘Unique in Literature.’ Daily Chronicle.

G. Wyndham. THE POEMS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by G W, M.P. Demy 8vo. Buckram, gilt top. 10s. 6d.

This edition contains the ‘Venus,’ ‘Lucrece,’ and Sonnets, and is prefaced with an elaborate introduction of over 140 pp.

‘We have no hesitation in describing Mr George Wyndham’s introduction as a masterly piece of criticism, and all who love our Elizabethan literature will find a very garden of delight in it.’—Spectator.

Edward FitzGerald. THE RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM. Translated by E FG. With a Commentary by H. M. B, and a Biography of Omar by E. D. R. 6s. Also an Edition on large paper limited to 50 copies.

‘One of the most desirable of the many reprints of Omar.’—Glasgow Herald.

W. E. Henley. ENGLISH LYRICS. Selected and Edited by W. E. H. Crown 8vo. Gilt top. 3s. 6d.

‘It is a body of choice and lovely poetry.’ Birmingham Gazette.

Henley and Whibley. A BOOK OF ENGLISH PROSE. Collected by W. E. H and C W. Crown 8vo. Buckram, gilt top. 6s.

H. C. Beeching. LYRA SACRA: An Anthology of Sacred Verse. Edited by H. C. B, M.A. Crown 8vo. Buckram. 6s.

‘A charming selection, which maintains a lofty standard of excellence ’ Times

“Q.” THE GOLDEN POMP. A Procession of English Lyrics. Arranged by A. T. Q C Crown 8vo. Buckram. 6s.

W. B. Yeats. AN ANTHOLOGY OF IRISH VERSE. Edited by W. B. Y Revised and Enlarged Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

W. M. Dixon. A PRIMER OF TENNYSON. By W. M. D, M.A. Cr. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

‘Much sound and well-expressed criticism. The bibliography is a boon.’ Speaker.

W. A. Craigie. A PRIMER OF BURNS. By W. A. C. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.

‘A valuable addition to the literature of the poet ’ Times

G. W. Steevens. MONOLOGUES OF THE DEAD. By G. W. S. Foolscap 8vo. 3s. 6d.

L. Magnus. A PRIMER OF WORDSWORTH. By L M. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.

‘A valuable contribution to Wordsworthian literature.’ Literature.

Sterne. THE LIFE AND OPINIONS OF TRISTRAM SHANDY. By L S. With an Introduction by C W, and a Portrait. 2 vols. 7s.

Congreve. THE COMEDIES OF WILLIAM CONGREVE. With an Introduction by G. S. S, and a Portrait. 2 vols. 7s.

Morier. THE ADVENTURES OF HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN. By J M. With an Introduction by E. G. B, M.A. and a Portrait. 2 vols. 7s.

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.