MICRO:BIT
DIVE INTO MICRO:BIT AND CODING
In our projects, we’ll be using a tiny but powerful computer called a micro:bit. This little device is perfect for experimenting with coding, and it’s super easy to use!
The micro:bit is a microcontroller, a miniature computer that can be programmed to control other electronic components like LEDs, motors, and
sensors. It’s perfect for inventing cool gadgets and learning about coding at the same time!
GETTING TO KNOW YOUR MICRO:BIT
When you look closely at your micro:bit, you may notice a few important things:
• The square of little dots on the front is actually a grid of 25 tiny LED lights. You can easily tell the micro:bit to turn each
LED on and off, giving you the ability to display numbers, letters, or even pictures with these lights.
• The two little buttons on either side are some simple inputs that will give us an easy way to tell our micro:bit to follow a command, like playing a tune or resetting a counter.
• The five metal holes at the bottom, called pins, are used to connect to electronic devices.
• Pin 0, 1, and 2: These are the individual “arms” of the micro:bit, where you can use different lines of code to control whatever we
connect here.
• 3V and GND: These are used for power. When connecting a device, the positive wire connects to the 3 V (3-volt) pin, while the negative wire connects to the GND (ground) pin to create a controllable circuit.
This little piece of hardware is going to become the brain in your projects. You’ll use it for all sorts of tasks, from controlling your motors to helping you keep track of times and scores.
To program the micro:bit, we’ll be using a free website called MakeCode, which
you can access from any web browser. This website uses the coding language Blockly, which enables you to create code by combining colorful building blocks together like puzzle pieces. This makes it really easy to learn, even if you’ve never tried coding before.
The MakeCode website is located at makecode.microbit.org.
Throughout this book, we’ll show you how to use the MakeCode website to program your micro:bit and bring your AI robot projects to life. You’ll learn how to create code that responds to different inputs, like button presses or voice commands, and controls various outputs, like lights and motors.
Each chapter shows how to build the code for a particular project, and includes a Code Library to help visually identify the code blocks so you’ll know exactly which piece to use.
Learning to code is an amazing skill to have, and it can open up a world of creative possibilities. By the end of this book, you’ll have the knowledge and confidence to create all sorts of cool projects using the micro:bit and Blockly.
Notes:
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Bain, R. N., translation of fairy tales, 189
Baldwin, Prince, and Daniel the Abbot, 57 seq.
Barlaam and Josaphat, 14
Bátyushkov, 395; translated, viii.
Bazán, E. P., on Russ. literature, x.
Beccaria, 30
Bee, The, Russ. literary collection, 100; English periodical, 272
Beggar-songs, 178, 186 seq.
Benfey’s theory, 20
Bible, its influence on early Russ. literature, 8; in Russian, 11; in historical literature, 15; quoted in literature, 100 seq.; and Iván the Terrible, 121
Biblical Repository, The, of Andover, on Russ. literature, ix.
Bogdanóvich, I. F., at Court, 31; his Psyche, 34, 263; first collector of proverbs, 199; biographical sketch and extracts, 374 seq.
Bohemia, its political status, 3; its ancient literature, 4
Boileau’s influence on Russ. literature, 29, 30, 230
Borrow, G., translations from the Russian, viii.
Bowl-songs, 178, 179
Bowring, Sir John, his translations from the Russian, vii., 178, 242, 291, 306, 379, 392, 395, 398, 422, 429; his imitators, viii.
Boyán, 22, 81
Boyár, 46 (note)
Bradford, Mrs. W., editor of Princess Dáshkov’s Memoirs, 316
Brandes, G., on Russ. literature, x.
Brockes, 378
Bulgaria, its political status, 3; its ancient literature, 4; its language in the Church, 6; in Russia, 7; apocrypha travelling over, 13; its legends, 14
Bylínas, of Vladímir’s cycle, 9 seq.; their development, 21; their relation to the Word, 22
Byzantium’s influence on Russia, 5; Greek tradition, 8; apocrypha in Russia, 13; legends, 14; repression, 22; chronographers, 65
Calilah-wa-Dimnah, 14
Catherine II., and French literature, 29; and comedy, 36; biographical sketch and extracts, 405 seq., and see 28 et passim
Catholic, contamination, 5; religion in Russia, 134
Ceremonial songs, 24
Chanson de Roland, 80
Charms, 178, 188 seq.
Child, Prof. F. J., 20, 163
Christianity, its influence on Russia, 4 seq.
Chronicles, 15
Chrysostom in Russ. literature, 11, 116
Church, its opposition to popular literature, 16, 19, 23, 24; its contact with the West, 17; its reform, 212 seq., 219; union of Churches, 17, 135 seq.
Church fathers, their influence on Russ. literature, 8; and Iván the Terrible, 121
Church-Slavic, its relation to Bulgarian, 7; and see Bulgaria
City songs, 24 seq.
Collections, literary, 11 seq.; of Svyatosláv, 11
Comedy, 36, 211, 272 seq., 308, 311 seq., 342 seq., 370 seq., 397 seq.
Constantinople, in pilgrimages, 14; and see Byzantium
Cox, G., on Russ. literature, ix.
Coxe, W., account of Russ. literature, vii
Curtin, J., on fairy tales, 189
Cyril of Túrov, his sermons, 11, 62 seq.
Cyril and Methodius, preaching in Bulgarian, 6
Dal’s proverbs, 199
d’Alembert, 29, 272
Daniel the Abbot, his feeling of Russ. unity, 3; his pilgrimage, 14; extract, 56 seq.
Daniel the Prisoner, 100 seq.
Danílov, Kírsha, 163
Danílov, M. V., extract from his Memoirs, 269 seq.
Dante, in Servian literature, 4; his Divine Comedy, 13, 96
Dáshkov, Princess, 308; biographical sketch and extract, 316 seq.
Demetrius the Impostor, Sumarókov’s, translated into English, 255
Derzhávin, G. R., at Court, 31; his lyrics, 34; biographical sketch and extracts, 377 seq., and see 33, 241, 272, 358 seq., 405
Destouches, 308
Diderot and Russ. educational system, 29; and see 272, 316
Dietrich, A., Russ. fairy tales, 189
Digenis Akritas, 14
Dmítriev, I. I., his odes, 33; his lyrics, 34; biographical sketch and extracts, 428 seq.
Dole, N. H., his translations from the Russian, x., 50, 379
Dolgorúki, I. M., biographical sketch and extracts, 422 seq.
Dolgorúki, Princess, biographical sketch and extract, 233 seq.
Domostróy, 12, 126 seq., 219
“Double faith,” 16, 19
Drama, 35 seq., 150, 254 seq., 308 seq., 418; and see Comedy
Drone, The, 327
Druzhína, 46 (note)
Dupuy, E., on Russ. literature, x
Eastern Church separated from Rome, 6
Eastman, S. C., translator of Brandes, x.
“Ecstatic” poetry, 33
Edmands, J. L., translator of Vogüé, x.
Edwards, S., on Russ. literature, ix., 306
Elizabeth, Queen, appealed to by King Sigismund, 5
Emerald, The, 11, 100
Émin, F., 327
Encyclopedias on Russ. literature, xi.
English, interest in Russ. literature, vii. seq.; influence on Russ. literature, 30, 36, 291; Masons in Russia, 32
Englishmen, in Moscow, 26; speaking Russian, vii.; reading Platón’s theology, 300
Ermák, 372 seq., 431 seq.
Esop’s fables in Russian, 34
Esprit des Lois, in Russia, 29
Eusebius, 116
F., J. G. A., translation from Lomonósov, 242
Fables, 34 seq.
Fairy tales, 25 seq., 189 seq.
Felítsa, 3, 33, 241, 272, 358 seq.
Feofán, biographical sketch and extracts, 211 seq.; and see 12, 28, 219, 224, 233, 300
Folklore, 18 seq.; bridging chasm, 20; connected with that of Europe and Asia, 21
Folksongs, ix., 177 seq.
Folktales, ix.
Fon-Vízin, D. I., biographical sketch and extracts, 341 seq.; and see 31, 36, 269
Foreign Quarterly Review on Russ. literature, viii.
Foreigners in Moscow, 26
Formalism of Russian life, 12
Franklin, 361
Fraser’s Magazine, Turner on Russ. literature, 224, 242, 272, 379, 429
Free Russia, translations from Russian, x.
French influence on Russ. literature, 29 seq., 34, 230
Gardiner, F. H., translation of Bazán, x.
Gaussen, W. F. A., on Russ. literature, x.
Gellert, in Russian, 34, 306
Geography in ancient Russ. literature, 189
German Suburb, 26
Gílferding, 163
Gillies, R. P., on Russ. literature, viii.
Gógol, 35, 36, 397
Golden Beam, The, 11
Golden Chain, The, 11
Grahame, F. R., ix., 242, 306, 398
Great-Russians of the South, 9, 10;
exterminated by Tartars, 23
Grech, on Russ. literature, viii.
Greek traditions in Byzantium, 8; taught in Russia, 17; treaties with the Greeks, 4
Gribóvski, A. M., biographical sketch and extract, 405 seq.
Griboyédov, 36, 397
Grimm’s mythological theory, 20
Griswold, M. W., bibliography of Russ. literature, x.
Günther, 29
Gundulić, his epic, 4
Hakluyt Society, translation of Nikítin, 111
Haller, 378
Hamartolos, 15
Hansa, 21
Hapgood, Miss I. F., translator of epic songs, 163
Heard, J. A., 233
Hell’s Post, 327
Henningsen, C. F., on Russ. literature, ix.
Herzen, 272, 287
Historical songs, 23, 172
History in Russ. literature, 15, 36 seq., 219 seq.
Hodgetts, E. M. S., translation of fairy tales, 189
Holy Land, visited by Russians, 8, 56 seq.
Holy Virgin’s Descent into Hell, The, 96 seq.
Homer, a Russian, 298
Horace, in Russ. literature, 34, 397
Humour, in translation, x.
Ígor, see Word of Ígor’s Armament
Ilarión, eulogy of Vladímir, 11, 48 seq.
Ilyá of Múrom, 165 seq.; known to the West, 9, 24
Index librorum prohibitorum, 13
Instructions in literature, 12; Catherine’s, 30; Vladímir’s, 11, 50 seq.; Tatíshchev’s, 219
Ipáti manuscript, 71
Isidor, at Council of Florence, 15, 17
Istómin, Karión, 26
Iván the Terrible, 17, 23, 26, 115 seq., 121 seq., 126, 172 seq.
Jacob, gospel of, 13
James, Richard, collector of songs, vii., 23, 130 seq.
Johnson’s Cyclopedia, on Russ. literature, xi.
Journey to Europe in literature, 15
Kámenev, G. P., biographical sketch and extract, 411 seq.
Kantemír, A., biographical sketch and extract, 223 seq.; and see 26, 28, 35, 211
Kapníst, V. V., his lyrics, 34; biographical sketch and extracts, 397 seq.
Karamzín, 34, 36, 255, 395, 418, 428
Khémnitser, I. I., biographical sketch and extracts, 306 seq.;
and see 34
Kheráskov, M. M., biographical sketch and extract, 298 seq.; and see 33
Khorovód, 178
Kíev, metropolis of Russia, 9; its poetic tradition, 10; has no bylínas, 22; chronicle, 15, 71 seq., 80; cycle, 24, 163; its contact with Poland, 6, 12, 33; clergy and scholasticism, 26; intermediary of Western culture, 17
Kiryéevski, 163
Klopstock, 378
Knyazhnín, Y. B., biographical sketch and extracts, 308 seq.; and see 30, 36, 316
Kolyádas, 177 seq.
Kostróv, E. I., biographical sketch and extract, 358 seq.; and see 31
Kotoshíkhin, G., biographical sketch and extracts, 136 seq.; and see 18, 178
Kozítski, G., 326
Kozlóv, 233
Krehbiel, H. E., on popular songs, 178
Krizhánich, Y., biographical sketch and extracts, 134 seq.; and see 15
Krylóv, 34, 306, 429; translated, ix.
Kúrbski, A. M., biographical sketch and extracts, 115 seq.; and see 15, 18
La Fontaine, in Russ. literature, 34, 306, 374
Lamentations, 178, 187
Language, under Peter I., 27
Latin, in the Western Church, 6 seq.; taught in Russia, 17; translations from, 150
Latins, hatred of, 6, 17
Laurentian manuscript, 65
Legends, in ancient Russia, 8; apocryphal, 12 seq.; profane, 14 seq.
Lewis, W. D., his translations from the Russian, viii., 379, 392, 429
Liberation of the serfs, 361
Lineff, Mrs. E., translations of popular songs, 178
Literary coteries, 32
Literature, in Russia, of recent growth, 3 seq.; rarely produced outside the Church, 12; in Slavic countries, 3 seq.
Little-Russians, their characteristics, 9; whence come, 10
Lomonósov, M. V., biographical sketch and extracts, 241 seq.; and see 28, 29, 33, 150, 378, 429
Love songs, 178, 179 seq.
Lowell lectures on Russ. literature, x
Lucidarius in Russia, 8
Ludolf, author of first Russ. grammar, vii.
Luká Zhidyáta, biographical sketch and extract, 44 seq.; his style, 9
Lyrics, in Russ. literature, 34
Maksím the Greek, 116
Malalas, source of history, 15
Marlowe’s Tamerlane in Russian, 26
Martinists, 32, 361
Martinof, J., translator of Tatíshchev, 219
Masons and Russ. literature, 32, 272, 327
Máykov, V. I., biographical sketch and extracts, 263 seq.; and see 34, 374
Medvyédev, 18
Meshchérski, Prince, 375 seq.
Metastasio imitated, 308
Milton’s Paradise Lost translated, 291
Modern Language Association, on fairy tales, 189
Molière in Russia, 26
Montesquieu, 29, 30, 272
More, Sir Thomas, 287
Morfill, W. R., translations from the Russian, ix., x., 130, 172
Moscow, as a political centre, 3, 10; chronicles, 15; its foreign colony, 17; influenced by the West, 17, 26, 33; cycle of songs, 24; et passim
Mozharóvski’s stories of the Fox, 26, 198 seq.
Munro, H. H., translator of the Word, 81
Muravév, M. N., 395 seq.
Músin-Púshkin, A. I., discoverer of the Word, 81
Mysteries and Moralities, 35
Mythological theory of folklore, 20
Naake, J. T., translations of fairy tales, 189
Nekrásov, 233
Neledínski-Melétski, Y. A., his lyrics, 34; biographical sketch and extracts, 392 seq.
Néstor, his style, 9; his chronicle, 15, 41 seq., 50 seq., 65 seq., 71 seq.; its discovery, 81
New Testament apocrypha in Russ. literature, 13
Nibelungenlied, 80
Nicodemus, gospel of, 13
Nikítin, Afanási, his Travel to India, 15, 111 seq.
Nikón’s corrections, 12
Norse, influence in ancient Russia, 4; tradition in Kíev, 9; acquaintance with Ilyá of Múrom, 21, 24; laws, 45
Novels, 36
Nóvgorod, its relations with Germany, 21; cycle of songs, 24, 163; its laconic style, 9, 44 seq.; its chronicles, 15; Domostróy, 126
Nóvikov, N. I., imprisoned, 30; and Catherine, 31 seq.; and the Masons, 32; his satires, 35; his historical investigations, 36; biographical sketch and extracts, 326 seq.
Odes, 33; and see Ecstatic poetry
Odoévski, 362
Ogarév, 362
Old Testament apocrypha in Russ. literature, 13
Olónetsk, bylínas, 10, 22
Opera, 370 seq.
Ossian, in Russ. literature, 358, 418
Otto, F., see Cox, G.
Ovid, in Russian, 27
Ovsén, 177
Oxford, publishing the first Russ. grammar, vii.
Ózerov, V. A., and the tragedy, 36; biographical sketch and extract, 418 seq.
Painter, The, 32, 327
Palæa, 11, 13
Palestine, legends brought from, 14; and see Holy Land
Panin, I., on Russ. literature, x., 355
Panslavism, Krizhánich’s, 135
Paul, Emperor, 321, 328
People, meaning of this term, 18 seq.
Periodicals, satirical, 326 seq.
Peter the Great, ode on his birth, 150 seq.; and the Slavophiles, 4; songs dealing with, 23; and progress, 26 seq.; Shcherbátov’s censures of, 288 seq.;
funeral sermon on, 214; and see 12, 16, 18, 19, 28, 32, 35, 211, 212, 324
Petrarch in Servian literature, 4
Petróv, V. P., biographical sketch and extract, 291; and see 31, 33
Philipps, J. T., translation of Feofán’s work, 211
Physiologus in Russia, 8
Pilgrimages, 14 seq., 56 seq.
Pinkerton, R., translation of Platón, 300; on Russ. proverbs, 200
Platón Levshín, biographical sketch and extract, 300 seq.; and see 12, 328
Poetry, Russian, in English translation, viii., x.
Poland, its political status, 3; its ancient literature, 4; a barrier to Russia, 5; and Kíev, 12, 17; intermediary in folklore, 21; its scholasticism and rhetoric in Russia, 26; its influence on Russ. literature, 33
Political Economy, Pososhkóv’s, 205
Pollen, J., translations from the Russian, x., 379
Poroshín, S. A., biographical sketch and extract, 321 seq.
Pososhkóv, I. T., biographical sketch and extracts, 205 seq.; his diction, vi., 28
Potánin’s theory, 21
Prokopóvich, see Feofán
Pronunciation of Russian, vi., vii.
Prose story in Russ. literature, 25 seq., 36
Proverbs, 199 seq.
Pseudo-classic style, 29, 378
Pugachév’s rebellion, 30
Purse, The, 327
Púshkin, in translation, viii.; reviewed, ix.; and see 34, 255, 379, 411
Pýpin’s works, vi.
Quarterly Review, popular songs, 178; fairy tales, 189; proverbs, 200
Racine, and Russ. literature, 36
Radíshchev, A. N., and English writers, 36; biographical sketch and extract, 361 seq.; and see 30, 32, 272, 327
Ragusa, its literature, 4
Ralston, W. R. S., studies in Russ. literature, ix.; popular songs, 178; fairy tales, 189
Rambler, The, 327
Reform, beginning of, in Russia, 17 seq.
Religious lore, 11 seq.
Robinson, Dr. Ed., see Talvi
Romanists, see Latins
Romantic Movement, 3, 25
Rosicrucians, 32
Rousseau, 272
Russia, rediscovered by the English, vii.; its political greatness, 3; menace to Europe, 5; its aloofness, 5 seq.; its unprogressiveness, 6, 8, 20; its history, by Shcherbátov, 287
Russian Code, 4, 45
Russian language, in America, v.; supplanted by Bulgarian, 7; its composition, 7; perfected by Lomonósov, 241; first grammar of, vii.
Russian literature, not all accessible to English readers, v.; English works on, ix.
Rýbnikov, 163
Rylyéev, viii., 233, 362
S., J. T., translation of Brief Theology, 300
Sadkó the Merchant, in French, 21
St. Petersburg Gazette, 327
Satire, 35
Satirical journals, 31, 326 seq.
Saunders, W. H., translation from the Russian, viii.
Sentimentalism, Karamzín, and, 36
Serapión, his style, 9, 11; biographical sketch and extract, 104 seq.
Sermons, in Russ. literature, 11; and see 44 seq., 62 seq., 104 seq., 300
Servia, its political status, 3; its ancient literature, 4; its legends, 14
Shaw, T. B., translations from the Russian, viii
Shchedrín, 35
Shcherbátov, M. M., biographical sketch and extract, 287 seq.; and see 33, 36, 327
Shibánov, 115
Shuválov, Lomonósov’s letters to, 241 seq.
Sigismund’s appeal to Queen Elizabeth, 5
Simeón of Bulgaria, 11
Simeón Pólotski, biographical sketch and extracts, 149 seq.; and see 18, 26, 34
Slavic, idea, 4; languages in ninth century, 6; language of religion, 6; language, Krizhánich’s, 134; nations, weakness of, 3; scholarship in America, ix.; sources of apocrypha, 13
Slavophiles, 4, 37, 327
Solomon, in Russ. literature, 13, 114
Sophia and the theatre, 26
Spectator, The, 31, 327
Spiritual Testaments, 12, 219
Spiritual Reglement, 211
Spring songs, 178
Stallybrass, J. K., translation of Ode to Deity, 379
Stanley, A. P., translation of Vladímir’s Instruction, 50
Stanley, Dr., on Platón, 300
Stásov’s theory, 21
Sterne in Russ. literature, 36, 361
Sumarókov, A. P., and the drama, 28; his odes, 33; his fables, 34; and the theatre, 36; biographical sketch and extracts, 254 seq.; and see 306, 308, 326, 327, 378
Súzdal chronicle, 15
Svyatosláv’s Collection, 11, 12; his glory sung, 23
Sylvester’s Domostróy, 12, 65, 115, 219
Sylvester, see Néstor
Talmud, legends, 12, 114
Talvi, on Slavic literature, ix.; translations of historical songs, 172; and see 178
Tartars, not alone to be blamed for stagnation, 10; exterminating the Great-Russians of the South, 10, 23; in bylínas, 22; in sermon, 104 seq.; in songs, 172
Tasso, 298
Tatíshchev, V. N., biographical sketch and extract, 218 seq.; and see 15, 26, 36, 211
Tatler, The, 31, 327
Testaments, 50, 205; and see Spiritual Testaments
Theatre, early, in Russia, 26; founded, 255
Thomas, gospel of, 13
Tragedy, 35; and see Drama
Translations, from the Russian, v.; author’s, vi.
Transliterations from Russian, vi.
Tredyakóvski, V. K., biographical sketch and extract, 230 seq.; and see 28, 33, 150, 254, 378
Trojan war, in legend, 14
Turgénev, 36
Turner, C. E., on Russ. literature, x., 224, 242, 272, 379
Unity of Russia, as an idea, 3
University press, 327
Vladímir, his baptism, 65 seq.; eulogy on, 48 seq.; cycle, 9, 22, 24, 163
Vladímir Monomákh’s Instruction, 11, 12, 50 seq., 219
Varyág, see Norse
Vergil, 298
Versailles manners in Russia, 28
Vogüé, E. M. de, on Russ. literature, x.
Volhynia chronicle, 15
Voltaire, 29, 30, 316
Voltairism, 30, 327
Voynich, E. L., translation of Russ. humour, x.
Wahl, O. W., on Russ. literature, ix.
Waliszewski, K., on Russ. literature, x.
Wedding songs, 178, 185 seq.
Westminster Review, Russ. literary biography, viii.; on Russ. literature, viii., x
Wielhorsky, Count, translation of Nikítin, 111 seq.
Wilson, C. T., translations from the Russian, x., 429
Wolkonsky, Prince, on Russ. literature, v., x.
Word of Ígor’s Armament, The, 80 seq.; prose version, 71 seq.; and see vi., 3, 9, 16, 22, 106 seq., 152
Yarosláv’s Code, 4, 9, 45 seq.
Yavórski, Stefán, 28
Yermák, given on p. 172 seq. by oversight for Ermák, q. v.
Young’s Night Thoughts, 378
Zadónshchina, 16, 80, 106 seq.
Zhukóvski, 25 seq.
