Instant ebooks textbook Mastering microsoft intune: deploy windows 11, windows 365 via microsoft int
Mastering Microsoft Intune: Deploy Windows 11, Windows 365 via Microsoft Intune, Copilot, 2nd Edition Christiaan Brinkhoff
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://textbookfull.com/product/mastering-microsoft-intune-deploy-windows-11-windo ws-365-via-microsoft-intune-copilot-2nd-edition-christiaan-brinkhoff/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant download maybe you interests ...
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmi ed in any form or by any means, without the prior wri en permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
By Steve Dispensa, Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Intune
Microsoft
Intune
Since Christiaan and Per’s first edition of Mastering Microsoft Endpoint
Manager, a lot has changed, in the world and in the product. To begin with, MEM has gained its rightful name, Intune, Intune, and thus the title of this second edition no longer matches the first edition. (And note the lower-case “t” in “Intune” – Microsoft lore has it that every time someone writes “InTune” a unicorn dies.) We’ve moved from pandemic recovery to a world of hybrid work, however much some organizations insist employees come to the office every day.
Geopolitical conflicts have fueled a rise in nation-state a acks on IT infrastructure – a rise that is likely to be permanent. And, unless you’ve been living under a rock the last year (and even if you have), you will have felt the effects of AI’s coming of age.
Intune has changed too, and more than just in name. It is now the largest endpoint management solution in the world, larger than all other products in this space combined. The move to the cloud is proceeding apace, with almost two-thirds of the managed Windows PC population now managed in the cloud. Intune has go en much richer support for macOS, and as of last year, it now supports Linux. It is also broadening its reach from its traditional focus on information workers, with new capabilities for frontline workers and their devices. ConfigMgr is still going strong, of course, but with
these improvements in Intune’s cloud-native reach, more customers than ever are choosing to move their endpoint management to the cloud.
As Intune has grown, customers have asked for help in solving problems that are adjacent to our core endpoint management mission. In response, we have released the Intune Suite, a set of six solutions that allow customers to unify and simplify their infrastructure, driving down complexity, reducing cost, and improving security. These new offerings are scenarios where Intune has a unique value proposition to offer. For example, Microsoft Cloud PKI is directly integrated into Intune and Entra and allows the direct replacement of legacy CA infrastructures with Microsoft’s cloudbased scale, availability, and security.
The rise of AI may be the most profound change of all, not only since the last edition of this book, but since the dawn of the Internet itself.
Generative AI has already revolutionized the way knowledge workers get their jobs done, the way students learn, and the way coders write software.
Soon, we will bring the power of generative AI to Copilot for Security and Copilot for Admins, which will be force multipliers for security and IT pros to help them scale their impact. Intune will be fully Copilot-enabled, making life easier for hundreds of thousands of end-user computing professionals around the globe.
Yes, the world has changed dramatically since 2021, and now, it’s changing again as we create an AI-powered future. Every company, school, and individual in the world stands to benefit. These advances will be driven via the cloud, which hosts the enormous amounts of
compute power and storage needed to deliver these new capabilities. And that brings us back to Intune. There has never been a be er time or a more important reason to go cloud-native in your organization, and Christiaan and Per have wri en exactly the book to help you on your journey.
By Sco Manchester, Vice President, Windows 365 + AVD
The innovation engine that drives Windows in the cloud experience
Innovation can take many forms; as technology providers and product people, it’s often difficult to put what we’re building in context. And for many of us, we have a clear preference for the kinds of product areas we work on. When we develop products to meet the diverse needs of our customers, we are thoughtful in how we innovate. Consider there are three core types of innovation: Disruptive, Evolutionary, and Revolutionary. Let’s walk through some examples of these types of innovation.
Consider the case of innovation on televisions; while the act of watching screen-based entertainment remained the same, LCD televisions built on existing technological frameworks and material advancements to deliver a new device type that made the act of consuming new content be er than on traditional CRT-based TVs. This is a great example of an evolutionary advancement in televisions.
The Internet would be an example of a revolutionary advancement. It’s changed how we buy, learn, and fundamentally communicate with each other. It has created new markets and significantly
expanded others. The modern electrical vehicle is a disruptive technology. Consider 15 years ago the three leading US-based automakers were Chrysler, Ford, and Chevy. As of the time of writing, Tesla’s market capitalization is around four times the size of all of these manufacturers combined. Tesla disrupted the market by offering new value, direct-to-consumer sales, and the ability to a ach services to the sale after the initial purchase.
Let’s discuss the forces that are shaping the innovation happening in the cloud virtualization world. The shift to hybrid work created new opportunities, but it also created new challenges. Things look different when the IT team isn’t down the hall from employees who need help. New employees need to be onboarded, distributed teams need to be connected, specialized workloads need to be enabled, and new projects need to be scaled up. IT needs to on-ramp employees, but they also need to be prepared to respond to rapidly changing environments, while still maintaining business continuity. And, while managing this, IT also needs to ensure they are keeping their estate secure and meeting ever-changing regulatory requirements.
It is a challenge to address these needs with agility without overburdening IT, le ing costs get out of control, sacrificing productivity, or compromising security. The changing nature of work is creating a tremendous opportunity for all of us in the virtualization market. Today Microsoft can deliver Windows to users in 3 ways: on a physical device, through Azure Virtual Desktop, and through Windows 365. When you think about the innovation framework we discussed earlier, we can talk about our approach to delivering a Windows cloud experience that innovates in response to the changing nature of work.
Azure Virtual Desktop is a cloud VDI product that was a natural evolution from traditional on-prem VDI. Cloud VDI provides a PaaSbased management plane and the ultimate flexibility in computing, storage, density, and location. We think about Azure Virtual Desktop as our “any” offering – any compute and storage combination, any location, and any supported OS. Admins that are familiar with deploying and managing traditional VDI will find Azure Virtual Desktop a huge step forward that brings the reach and capabilities of Azure to bear in addressing their virtualization needs.
Windows 365 is a truly revolutionary innovation: the cloud PC allows us to create a Software as a Service, or SaaS, offering that redefines the end-user experience and can be managed by an endpoint administrator using the same tools, baselines, and processes as a traditional PC. A cloud PC can be provisioned with Zero Touch, the security principles are based on Zero Trust, and end-users can immediately be productive with Zero Ramp. We affectionately refer to Windows 365 as the “zero” offering.
Thank you, Microsoft!
We also want to say a huge thank you to the following people at Microsoft who helped contribute to this book.
Steve Dispensa and Sco Manchester for writing our forewords.
Phil Gerity and Justin Zarb, our managers, for the support along the way!
Saurabh Bansal and Issa Khoury from the Universal Print team
Lavanya Lakshman from the AI – Copilot for Security team
Adam Nichols from the Windows Autopatch/Windows
Servicing and Delivery team
Ma Call from the Microsoft Intune – Security team
We are also grateful to work at Microsoft, which supported us while writing this book. #CommunityLove
Contributors
About the authors
Christiaan Brinkhoff works as a Principal Program Manager and Community Director for Windows 365 and AVD at Microsoft. In his role at Microsoft, he works on features such as the Windows 365 app, Switch, and Boot, and lately he has also worked on Offline mode and the new Windows 10 ESU offering for Windows 365. Christiaan is also the author of 4 books and an inventor (with 4 patents). His mission is to drive innovation while bringing Windows 365, Windows, and Microsoft Intune closer together, and also drive community efforts around virtualization to empower Microsoft customers in leveraging new cloud virtualization scenarios. Christiaan joined Microsoft in 2018 as part of the FSLogix acquisition. He has also been awarded with the Microsoft MVP, Citrix CTP, and VMware Expert community achievements – for his continued support in the EUC community.
Per Larsen works as a Senior Product Manager in Customer Experience Engineering (CxE) – Microsoft Security Engineering. He plays a very crucial role in Microsoft in shaping and enhancing the product experience for customers. Per’s focus is on driving strategy and roadmap conversations with Microsoft’s most strategic customers. He also focuses heavily on driving insights and analyzing customer needs relating to security admin experience and Intune Suite product feedback.
Per is a frequent speaker at public events, conferences, and user groups on cloud-native Windows management.
He has also authored the book Mastering Microsoft Endpoint Manager: Deploy and manage Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows 365 on both physical and cloud PCs.
Per joined Microsoft in 2019 working directly with the Intune engineering team. Prior to joining Microsoft, Per had more than 20 years of experience with device management. He has also been awarded Microsoft MVP thrice for all the exceptional community work he has done.
About the reviewers
Niall Brady is a blogger and an occasional speaker who focuses on step-by-step guides and videos for Windows 365, Intune, ConfigMgr, and more.
Niall is a 13-times Microsoft MVP (Enterprise Mobility, Windows, and Devices) based in Sweden but originally from Ireland. Niall has contributed toward several books on Configuration Manager and Intune and has even had his own book published (The Windows-noob OSD Guides for Configuration Manager 2012 R2).
Paul Winstanley is a 7-times Enterprise Mobility MVP who has 30 years of IT experience. He’s spent the last 15 years specializing in endpoint management via Microsoft Configuration Manager and Microsoft Intune.
Paul is an independent consultant with his own endpoint management company, SCCM Solutions Ltd, which celebrated its tenth-anniversary last year, and works with customers all over the globe.
He blogs on his SCCMentor website, sharing his knowledge of Intune, Configuration Manager, Windows, MDM, and security, and is active on X, formerly known as Twi er, as @sccmentor.
Originally from Barnsley, in the North of England, he’s lived in London for the past 30 years with his wife, four children, and brother-in-law.
Peter Daalmans is a Principal Workplace Architect and a Microsoft Certified Trainer at Daalmans Consulting B.V. with a primary focus
on the modern management of Windows and mobile devices. He has been awarded Microsoft Security MVP (Configuration Manager/Microsoft Intune) every year since 2012.
He also writes blogs to share his knowledge on MSIntune.blog. Peter is also one of the founders and leads of the Workplace Ninja User Group, Netherlands. Along with that, he is also a part of the organizing team and the speaker manager of the Workplace Ninja Summit.
He has authored several books on Microsoft Configuration Manager and Microsoft Intune.
Peter speaks at local and international events, conferences like Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft TechEd (Australia/New Zealand), IT/Dev Connections, TechMentor, Techorama Belgium, Midwest Management Summit (MMS), BriForum (London, Denver, and Boston), TechDays Netherlands, and Experts Live Netherlands.
Learn more on Discord
To join the Discord community for this book – where you can share feedback, ask questions to the author, and learn about new releases –follow the QR code below:
https://packt.link/SecNet
Contents
Preface
Who this book is for What this book covers
To get the most out of this book Get in touch
Understanding the Basics
1. Introduction to Microsoft 365
Microsoft 365 cloud services
What do these services achieve?
Microsoft Intune
Intune Suite
AVD
Windows 365
AVD and Windows 365 – what are the differences?
Components that Microsoft manages and the customer manages
Windows 11
Windows Copilot
Security Copilot
Intune Copilot
Productivity Score
Endpoint analytics
Microsoft 365 Apps (for Enterprise)
OneDrive for Business (part of Microsoft 365 Apps)
Microsoft Teams
Microsoft Edge
Universal Print
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
Exchange Online
SharePoint Online
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
2. Cloud-Native Endpoints
Paths to cloud native
Microsoft Intune
Intune admin center portal
Microsoft 365 admin center portal
Intune Partner portals
Surface Management Portal
HP Connect
Windows 365
Microsoft Entra ID
Cloud Management Gateway
Compliance policies
Windows Update policies
Resource access policies
Endpoint protection
Device configuration
Office Click-to-Run apps
Client apps
Microsoft Intune – from on-premises to the cloud
Exploring Windows 11 Enterprise in detail
Windows subscription activation
Windows Autopatch
Windows as a Service – update release cycle
WUfB
Who should use WUfB (now Autopatch)?
Why do you want to leverage WUfB?
What does WUfB allow me to configure?
What is the WUfB deployment service?
BYOD
What is zero trust?
Verifying identity
Verifying devices
Windows 365 for non-managed endpoints
Summary
Questions Answers
Further reading
3. Requirements for Microsoft Intune
Endpoint scenarios
Identity roles and privileges for Microsoft Intune
Using Intune filters when assigning
Compliance Administrator
Compliance
Data Administrator
Intune Administrator
Message Center Reader
Security Administrator
Security Operator
Security Reader
Identity roles and privileges for a Windows 365 Cloud PC
Azure Subscription Owner
Domain Administrator
Identity roles and privileges for Universal Print
Licensing requirements
Supported OSes
Required web browser versions
Windows 11 hardware requirements
How do you get Windows 11?
Intune Administrator Licensing
Entra group-based licensing
Setting the mobile device management authority
Enabling Windows automatic enrollment
Using Azure Virtual Desktop with Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune device restrictions for Windows
Blocking personal Windows devices
Microsoft Intune device limit restrictions for Windows
Customizing Intune Company Portal apps, the Company Portal website, and the Intune app
Microsoft Intune – network URL firewall requirements
Access for managed devices
Network requirements for PowerShell scripts and Win32 apps
Microsoft Store endpoint URLs
Windows 365 endpoint URLs
Windows Push Notification Services – required URLs
Windows 365 and Azure Virtual Desktop – required
URLs
Universal Print – required URLs
Delivery Optimization
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
Windows 365
4. What Is Windows 365?
What is Windows 365?
Removing the complexity of traditional VDI deployments
What to think about as a VDI administrator
Removing complexity while increasing security
Low costs as a fixed-price model
The transition to modern management with Microsoft Intune
Windows 10 ESUs
Comparing Windows 365 Enterprise and Business
What is Windows 365 Frontline?
What is Windows 365 Government?
Microsoft Intune
High-level architecture components and responsibilities
Configuration Manager support
Co-management and Windows 365
Disaster recovery
Sizes and performance of fixed-price licenses
GPU-Enhanced Cloud PCs
Connect to your on-premises network
Provisioning policies
Windows 365 – gallery images
Custom images
Windows Updates via Autopatch
Roles and delegation
The Watchdog service
Optimized Teams on Windows 365
Screen capture protection and watermarking
Migrate GPOs to a Settings Catalog policy
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
5. Deploying Windows 365
Technical requirements for deploying Windows 365
Required URLs
RDP requirements and optimizations
Connect to on-premises networks (optional)
Purchasing and assigning Cloud PC licenses
Provision a Cloud PC
Image management – creating a custom image (optional)
Reprovisioning a Cloud PC
Local administrator permissions
Security baselines for a Cloud PC
Zero Trust: Conditional Access management for Cloud PCs
Connecting to your Cloud PC
Windows App
Deploy Windows App via Intune
Windows App – User Actions
Bulk User Actions via Intune
Supported redirections per endpoint platform
Windows 365 Boot shared mode
Windows 365 Boot dedicated mode
What if you have multiple Cloud PCs?
Battery status redirection
Windows 365 Switch
Resize Cloud PCs
Bulk device actions
Monitoring and analytics
Intune Suite – Endpoint Privilege Management
Intune Suite – Enterprise App Management
Intune Suite – Remote Help
Want to dive deeper into Windows 365?
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
Mastering Microsoft Intune
6. Windows Deployment and Management
Deploying existing Windows devices into Microsoft Intune
Enrolling devices – Windows enrollment
Automatic enrollment
Testing company domain CNAME registration for Windows enrollment
Enrollment Status Page
Enrollment notifications
Windows Autopilot
What about existing infrastructure?
Co-management and tenant attach
Co-management settings
Windows Update for Business
Types of updates managed by Windows Update for Business
Enforcing compliance deadlines for updates
How to handle conflicting or legacy policies
How to set up and configure Windows Update for Business
Safeguard holds
Feature updates for Windows 10 and later
Opting out of safeguard holds
Expediting a Windows patch
The Windows Insider Program for Business
Updating Microsoft 365 apps
Windows Autopatch
Windows Autopatch requirements
How to enable Windows Autopatch
Optimizing Windows Update rings
Enabling Windows Autopatch for Cloud PCs
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
7. Windows Autopilot
Technical requirements
Windows Autopilot overview
Uploading the hardware ID to Windows Autopilot
Where is Windows Autopilot device information stored?
Windows Autopilot for existing devices
Windows updates during the OOBE
Auto-assigning Windows Autopilot profiles in Intune
Signing in to Graph Explorer
Enrollment Status Page (ESP)
ESP implementation – Windows CSP
Autopilot reporting and diagnostics
Company Portal
Configuring automatic BitLocker encryption for Autopilot devices
Troubleshooting automatic BitLocker encryption on a VM
Windows Hello for Business
Cloud configuration scenario
Introduction
What you will need to continue
Basics
Resources to be created
Apps
Assignments
Deploying
Deploying essentials that users might need to access work or school resources
Monitoring your cloud configuration devices
SharedPC self-deployment scenario
Creating a specific ESP for the SharedPC device
Creating a Windows Autopilot profile
Self-Deploying (preview)
Creating a custom Windows profile to disable user
ESP
Creating a custom Windows 10 profile to disable
FirstLogonAnimation
Creating a Windows template SharedPC profile
SharedPC technical reference
Troubleshooting SharedPC
Windows Autopilot Reset
Wiping and resetting your devices
Fresh Start
Windows Recovery Environment
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
8. Application Management and Delivery
Application delivery via Microsoft Intune
Different application types you can deploy
LOB applications
MSI – via the LOB app
MSIX – via the LOB app
AppX – via the LOB app
IntuneWin – via the Windows app (Win32)
Supersedence mode
Deploying Microsoft 365 apps
Update channels
Office
Customization Tool
Microsoft 365 Apps admin center
Getting started
Device selection criteria
Update exclusion dates
Update deadline
Microsoft 365 app customization
Deploying Microsoft Teams
Deploying OneDrive
Deploying Microsoft Edge
What is WinGet?
What is MSIX?
AppxManifest.xml
AppxBlockMap.xml
AppxSignature.p7x
How to create MSIX packages
Pushing the MSIX package application to your endpoints
Summary Questions
Answers
Further reading
9. Understanding Policy Management
Policy management
What is a CSP policy?
Windows Push Notification Service (WNS)
Getting started with policy design
Migrating existing policies from AD – Group Policy management
Summary Questions
Answers
Further reading
10. Advanced Policy Management
Policy management
Configuring a policy from the Microsoft Intune Security blade
Configuring your Endpoint Security profile
Microsoft Defender policy
Antivirus reporting in Endpoint security
Unhealthy endpoints
Attack surface reduction
Configuring a policy from the Settings catalog
How do they work?
Importing ADMX
Configuring administrative templates
OneDrive Known Folder Move configuration
OneDrive – block syncing specific file extensions
Configure device configuration (template)
Leveraging a custom policy as a last resort
Config Refresh
Pushing PowerShell scripts – scripted actions to endpoints
Multi admin approval
Compliance policies
Windows compliance policy
Organizational compliance report
Device compliance trends
Device diagnostics settings
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
11. Intune Suite
What is Intune Suite?
Prerequisites
How to get started with Intune Suite
Specialty Device Management
Endpoint Privileged Management
How to configure EPM
How to onboard devices to EPM
Reusable settings
Creating an EPM elevation rules policy
Monitoring EPM events
Elevation report
Managed elevation report
Elevation report by applications
Elevation report by Publisher
Elevation report by User
EPM Agent
How do you get your users’ account type to Standard?
Configure policy for standard user
End user process
Enterprise App Management
Installing applications via Enterprise App Management
What about enhanced application updates?
Cloud certificate management (Cloud PKI)
How does the process work?
Two-tier PKI hierarchy
Certificate Revocation
Ensuring trust and authentication: Reasons for certificate revocation:
Practical scenarios:
Remote Help for Windows
How to enable Remote Help
Configuring Remote Help in Intune
How does Remote Help look from an end user’s perspective?
How do you remotely access a managed device?
Remote Help Windows Firewall setup
Conditional Access for Remote Help
How to use Remote Help as an end user and as a ServiceDesk user
Advanced Endpoint Analytics
Device query
Battery health
Why Windows 365 and Intune Suite are a great combination
Summary Questions Answers
Further reading
12. Copilot/AI
The future of AI in Windows and Intune
Copilot in Windows
What can you use Windows Copilot for?
Direct instructions
Questions
Security Copilot (Device Management)
Intune policy generation via Security Copilot
Copilot assistant for Intune device queries
Troubleshooting Intune via Security Copilot
Troubleshooting
Summary Questions
Answers
Further reading
13. Identity and Security Management
Microsoft Identity
Entra ID
Entra ID join
Hybrid Entra ID join
Entra ID users
Entra ID guest users
Entra ID group types
Entra ID group membership types
Conditional Access
What is it?
What are the common signals?
What are the common decisions?
Users and groups
Cloud apps Conditions
Grant
Preventing users from carrying out Entra ID device registration
Self-service Password Reset
Entra ID password protection
Passwordless authentication
Enabling passwordless authentication
What is and isn’t supported in each passwordless scenario
Passkeys
How do passkeys work?
How does it relate to passwords?
How to enable passkeys
Manage your passkeys
Web sign-in
BitLocker disk encryption
BitLocker recovery keys
Personal Data Encryption
Windows Local Administrator Password Solution
Application Control for Business
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
Integration with Microsoft Intune
Security baselines
Compliance policies
Windows 365 security baselines
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
Connecting to Intune – Microsoft Intune integration
Alerts and security assessments
Security recommendations
Defender keylogger protection
Windows 365: customer-managed keys support for
data encryption
Screen capture protection and watermarking
Summary
Questions
Answers
Further reading
14. Monitoring and Endpoint Analytics
Endpoint analytics
Cloud PC overview
Another random document with no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mailta ja vesiltä
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Mailta ja vesiltä
Author: A. Th. Böök
Release date: November 2, 2023 [eBook #72012]
Language: Finnish
Original publication: Porvoo: WSOY, 1926
Credits: Juhani Kärkkäinen and Tapio Riikonen
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAILTA JA VESILTÄ ***
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
This book was printed in 1735 and this etext is a careful reproduction of that original text No spelling and very few punctuation corrections have been made in order to preserve the historical value of the original work
All dates are Julian calendar dates; a new year begins on March 25th. When a year is given for a date between January 1st and March 24th it is shown in this etext as 1720/1 or 1721/2 or 1722/3
The long-s ſ has been replaced by s throughout the etext.
Footnote anchors are denoted by [number] , and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the book.
All changes noted in the ERRATA on page 266 have been applied to the etext.
The page numbering of the main text starts at 1, 2 then jumps to 19, 20, 21 etc. No pages are missing, it is a printing error by the original publisher.
A few minor changes to the text, mostly obvious compositor errors, are noted at the end of the book
Lately Publish’d,
In a neat Pocket Volume, Price 3s.
T N S : Or, A Practical System of Surgery Illustrated with Observations on such remarkable Cases as have occurred to the Author’s Practice in the Royal Navy. To which is added, A Treatise on the Venereal Disease, the Causes, Symptoms, and Method of Cure by Mercury: An Enquiry into the Origin of that Distemper; in which the Dispute between Dr. Dover, and Dr. Turner, concerning Crude Mercury, is fully consider’d; with Useful Remarks thereon. Also an Appendix, containing Physical Observations on the Heat, Moisture, and Density of the Air on the Coast of Guinea, the Colour of the Natives; the Sicknesses which they and the Europeans trading thither are subject to; with a Method of Cure. By J A , Surgeon.
Printed for W and C , at the Ship, between the Temple-Gates in Fleet-Street; and Sold at their Shop in .
A V O Y A G E TO Guinea, Brasil, and the West-Indies;
In His Majesty’s Ships, the S and W .
Describing the several Islands and Settlements, viz Madeira, the Canaries, Cape de Verd, Sierraleon, Sesthos, Cape Apollonia, Cabo Corso, and others on the Guinea Coast; Barbadoes, Jamaica, &c in the West-Indies
The Colour, Diet, Languages, Habits, Manners, Customs, and Religions of the respective Natives, and Inhabitants.
With Remarks on the G , I , and S -T ; and on the Winds, Tides and Currents of the several Coasts
By J O H N AT K I N S , Surgeon in the R N
Illi Robur & Æs triplex
Circa Pectus erat, qui fragilem truci Commisit Pelago Ratem Primus
H .
; Printed for C W and R C , at the Ship, between the Temple-Gates in Fleet-Street; And Sold at their Shop in S . M.DCC.XXXV.
P R E F A C E
The Publishing of this Voyage, is from a Supposition that it contains something useful to those following in the same Track, and that it will be no unprofitable Amusement to others who do not. I shall therefore wave all Apology, and instead, proceed to a Reflection or two, on the Life and Element we occupy.
And first, The Man whose Means of Subsistence irreversibly depends on the Sea, is unhappy because he forsakes his proper Element, his Wife, Children, Country, and Friends, all that can be called pleasant (and of Necessity, not Choice) to tempt unknown Dangers, on that deceitful, trackless Path; Lee Shores, Tempests, Wants of some kind or other, bad Winds, or the rougher Passions of our selves, are continually molesting; and if common Danger under one adopted Parent (Neptune) does not always unite us, yet we are still cooped like Fowls, to the same Diet and Associates.
“Till chang’d at length and to the Place conform’d In Temper and in Nature we receive Familiar the fierce Heat.” Milton. B. II.
Tophet[1] with Stink of Suffolk Vaporous Obscures the Glim; that visive and olfactive Nerves
In us feel dreadful Change.
And to compleat our ill Luck, while we are thus contending with sinister Fate, the Rogues at home perhaps are stealing away the Hearts of our Mistresses and Wives. Are not these a hapless Race thus doomed!
A Sea-Life absolutely considered, had so much of Hardship and Danger, that in King John’s Time a national Synod ordained, no married Persons should go beyond Sea without publishing their mutual Consent; which, I apprehend, proceeded from this Foundation: That it should not be in the power of one to thrust himself on Difficulties and Hazard, that would make the other equally unhappy. The Saxons before, made a Law, that if a Merchant crossed the wide Sea three times, he should be honoured with the Title of Thane, (Rapin, p. 15.) and the Monarchs of the East shew their Approbation, by still leaving the rough Dominion of it to Christians. There are Circumstances notwithstanding, which may abate the Infelicity, and give real Pleasure: Such chiefly in the Navy, are a Defence of one’s Country, a Livelihood, being better manned and provided against Dangers than Trading Ships; Good-natur’d Officers, a mutual good Treatment, seeing the Wonders of the Deep, and at last, maimed or decrepid, a Retreat to Superannuation, or that noble Foundation of Greenwich-Hospital; to which of late Years must be added, the Satisfaction Officers receive from that generous Contribution for supporting their Widows, and consequently the Children they may leave behind them.
This charitable Project is governed by the following Articles, established by His present Majesty.
I.
That Widows of Commission and Warrant Officers of the Royal Navy, shall be reputed proper Objects of the Charity, whose Annual Incomes arising from their Real and Personal Estates, or otherwise, do not amount to the following Sums, viz.
l. s. d.
The Widow of a Captain or Commander, 45 0 0
The Widow of a Lieutenant or Master, 30 0 0
The Widow of a Boatswain, } Gunner, Carpenter, } Purser, Surgeon, } Second Master of } 20 0 0 a Yacht, or Master of a } Naval Vessel warranted } by the Navy Board, } And that where any such Widow is possessed of, or interested in any Sum of Money, the Annual Income and Produce thereof, shall be computed and deemed, as annually yielding Three Pounds per Centum, and no more.
II.
That to avoid Partiality and Favour in the Distribution of the Charity, Widows of Officers of the same Rank shall have an equal Allowance, the Proportion of which shall be fixed Annually by the Court of Assistants, according to their Discretion; and that in order thereunto, the said Court may distribute Annually such Part of the Monies, arising by the said Charity, among the Widows, as they think proper; and to lay out such other Part thereof in South-Sea Annuities, or other Government Securities, as to them shall seem meet, for raising a Capital Stock for the general Benefit of the Charity, where the Application is not particularly directed by the Donors.
III.
That in the Distribution of Allowances to poor Widows, the same be proportionate to one another, with respect to the Sum each is to receive, according to the following Division, viz.
The Widow of a Captain or Commander shall receive a Sum One Third more than the Widow of a Lieutenant or Master.
The Widow of a Lieutenant or Master shall receive a Sum One Third more than the Widow of a Boatswain, Gunner, Carpenter,
Purser, Surgeon, Second Master of a Yacht, or Master of a Naval Vessel Warranted by the Navy Board.
IV.
That Widows admitted to an Annual Allowance from the Charity, shall begin to enjoy it from the First Day of the Month following the Decease of their Husbands, provided they apply within Twelve Months for the same; otherwise, from the Time of their Application.
V.
That if any Widow, admitted to the Charity, marries again, her Allowance from thenceforth shall cease.
VI.
That in order to prevent Abuses, no Widow shall be admitted to the Benefit of the Charity, who has not been married for the Space of Twelve Months to the Officer by whose Right she claims the same, unless the said Officer was killed or drowned in the Sea Service. And if any Officer marries after the Age of Seventy Years, his Widow shall be deemed unqualified to receive the Charity.
VII.
That if the Widow of an Officer lives in the Neighbourhood of any of His Majesty’s Dock-Yards, the Commissioner of the Navy residing there, and some of the Principal Officers of the Yard, or the said Officers of the Yard, where there is no Commissioner, shall inform themselves thoroughly of the Circumstances of the Deceased; and being satisfied that the Widow comes within the Rules of the Charity, shall sign and give her the following Certificate gratis, viz.
These are to certify the Court of Assistants for managing the Charity for Relief of Poor Widows of Commission and Warrant Officers of the Royal Navy, That A. B. died on the and has left the Bearer C. B. a Widow; and according to the best Information we can get from others, and do really believe ourselves, is not possessed of a clear annual Income to the Value of
___________ and therefore she appears to us to be entituled to the Benefit of the said Charity under their Direction.
Besides which, the Widow is to make Affidavit, that her Annual Income is not better than is expressed in the said Certificate, and that she was legally married (naming the Time when, and the Place where) to the Officer, in whose Right she claims the Benefit of the Charity.
VIII.
That if the Widow resides in any other Part of his Majesty’s Dominions, a Certificate of the like Nature is to be signed by the Minister of the Parish, a Justice of the Peace, and two or more Officers of the Navy, who are best acquainted with her Circumstances; and she is to make such Affidavit as is before mentioned.
IX.
That all Widows applying for the Benefit of the Charity, are to make Affidavit, that they are unmarried.
X.
That Widows admitted to the Charity shall once in every Year, at the Time that shall be appointed, bring to the Court of Assistants their Affidavits, containing a particular State of their Circumstances, and that they continue unmarried.
XI.
That Widows of Masters and Surgeons are to apply to the Navy Office, and receive from thence a Certificate of the Quality of their Husbands in the Navy, which shall be given them Gratis, before they apply to the Court of Assistants, to be admitted to the Charity.
XII.
That no Officer or Servant employed in the Business or Service of this Charity, shall receive any Salary, Reward, or other Gratuity, for
his Pains or Service in the Affairs of the said Charity, but that the whole Business thereof shall be transacted Gratis.
Secondly, Of the different Seas we traverse.
The Mediterranean, from the Climate, Fertility, and Beauty of the Countries bordering on it, claims the Preference, I think, of all Seas; and recompenses more largely the Fatigues of a Voyage. What is peculiar, and makes them more than others pleasant, is, First, the Temperature of their Air, neither too hot nor cold, but a pleasant Mediocrity, that is, Spring or Summer all the Year. Secondly, Being of a moderate Compass: A Man by a little conversing with Maps, fixes an Idea of his Distances, his Stages from Place to Place, and may measure them over in his Head with the same Facility he would a Journey from London to York. Thirdly, Thus acquainted with the daily Progress, our Approaches please in a Proportion to the Danger and Wants we go from, and the Remedy and Port we go to. Leghorn, Genoa, Naples, &c. have their different Beauties. Fourthly, The confining Lands on the European and African Side being mountainous, and the Sea interspersed with Islands, gives these Priorities to main Oceans, viz. that you cannot be long out of sight of some Land or other, and those flowing with Milk and Honey, no ordinary Comfort, excepting when they are Lee Shores. Secondly, If the Hills be to Windward, they take off the Force of strong Winds, and make a smooth Sea. And thirdly, The same Hills to Leeward, do by their Height give a Check to Storms; the Air stagnating by their Interposition, I have observed frequently in shore, to become a gentle Gale.
Lastly, The greatest Pleasure of those Seas, is visiting Towns and Countrys that have been worthy History; the most famous do somewhere or other border there, and have given birth to the greatest Men and greatest Actions. Greece, that was the Mother of Arts and Sciences, the Oracle of the World, that brought forth a Homer, Socrates, Alexander, &c. and was one of the four great Empires, stands to those Seas (though changed now to European Turky, by a Progress as wonderful) so does Italy, the Seat of the last universal Empire. That Rome, which subjected almost all the Kings
and Kingdoms of the known World, gave Britain Laws, and left every where eternal Monuments of their Power and Magnificence: Here lived Virgil, Horace, Cæsar——Hither some say St. Paul made his Voyage, having coasted along Crete, and suffered Shipwreck at Malta, Islands famous here, the one being the Birth-place of Jupiter, the other for a renowned Order of Knights, the professed Defenders of Christianity against the Turk.
Volcanos, Catacombs, Triumphal Arches, and Pillars, Baths, Aqueducts, and Amphitheatres, are peculiar Curiosities of Italy. There is scarcely a Spot in that delicious Country, but is recorded for some remarkable Occurrence; is memorable for High-ways, Grottos, Lakes, Statues, Monuments, some Victory gained, or Battle lost, the Birth or Death of Cæsar or his Friends. On the African Side, stands or did stand, Carthage, Troy, Tyre, Nice, Ephesus, Antioch, Smyrna; and on that shore was once Christianity firmly planted (no less than 300 Bishops being expelled thence;) but alas how all things change! neither Greatness nor Virtue can exempt from Mortality: Towns, Countries, and Religions, have their Periods.
Thebes, Nineveh, &c. are now no more.
Oppida posse mori, Si quæras Helicen & Burin, Achaidas Urbes, Invenies sub Aquis.
They have a determined Time to flourish, decay, and die in. Corn grows where Troy stood: Carthage is blotted out. Greece and her Republicks (Athens, Sparta, Corinth,) with other fam’d Asian and African Cities the Turkish Monarchy has overturned. Their Magnificence, Wealth, Learning, and Worship, is changed into Poverty and Ignorance; and Rome, the Mother of all, overrun with Superstition. Who, on the one hand, but feels an inexpressible Pleasure in treading over that Ground, he supposes such Men inhabited, whose Learning and Virtues have been the Emulation of all succeeding Ages? And who again but must mourn such a melancholly Transposition of the Scene, and spend a few funeral Reflections over such extraordinary Exequiæ: Perhaps the Revolution of as many Ages, as has sunk their Glory, may raise it
again, or carry it to the Negroes and Hottentots, and the present Possessors be debased.
The next pleasant Sailing to the Mediterranean, is that part of the Atlantick, Southern, Pacifick, South, or Indian Seas, that are within the Limits of a Trade-Wind; because such Winds are next to invariable, of such moderate Strength as not to raise heavy Seas, or strain a Ship; no Storms at Distance from Land; and equal Days and Nights.
The Atlantick, and Southern Ocean, without the Limits of this Trade-Wind, that is, from 30 to 60°° of Latitude, are far the worst for Navigation; wide, rough, and boisterous Seas, more subject to Clouds, Storm, and Tempest, variable Weather; long, dark, cold Nights, and less delightful Countries and Climates out of Europe.
Lastly, Beyond 60 Degrees of Latitude we have little Commerce, and the Seas less frequented; the Countries growing more and more inhospitable, as Latitude and Cold increases towards the Pole; however, Men who have used Greenland, tell me, those inclement Skies contain no other Vapors, than Mist, Sleet, and Snow; the Sea less ruffled with Winds, which blow for the most part Northerly, towards the Sun, i. e. towards a more rarified Air, seen in those Drifts of Ice from thence, that are found far to the Southward, both on the European and American side. Another Advantage to cheer the Winter’s Melancholy of Northern Regions, is the Moon’s shining a Length proportioned to the Absence of the Sun; so that where he is entirely lost, she[2] never sets, but with reflected and resplendent Light on Ice and Snow, keeps up their Consolation.
In all Seas are met numerous Incidents and Appearances, worthy our Reflection. I have therefore gone on to Observations more instructive and amusing. If the Solutions are not every where Standard, they may strike out Hints to better Capacities; among those, I can perceive two more liable to Objection.
First, The Pythagorean Soliloquy I set out with (p. 18.) which may be deemed too foreign for the Subject: To which I answer——A Voyage to Sea is a Type of that dark and unknown one we are to make in Death: Wherefore it is not unnatural with a Departure from
the Land’s End of England, shooting into an Abyss of Waters, to consider a little on that Life, which lost is a Departure from the World’s End, and to launch into a greater Abyss, Eternity;—The Principle, in what is material of us, I think, highly consonant to Reason, and continues still the Doctrine of the Eastern Sages.
Diversæ autem corpora formæ non sunt nisi diversæ modificationes ejusdem materiæ, &c.
(Keil de legibus naturæ.)
E. G. Vapors condensed to Rain, we see descend on Earth; and both enter and pass into the Seeds and Forms of all Plants. From them, either taken alone, or amassed in animal Food, is what constitutes and repairs by a daily Eating, our own Bodies; which if there be any Trust to Sense or Reason, moulds, decays, and turns again to Dust and Air, in order for Regeneration.
What only can destroy this Philosophy (as I observe at that place) and maintain a Resurrection of the same Body, is Revelation, and the Immortality of the Soul; for Sameness, or Identity then, will not consist in the same individual Particles being united, that makes our Bodies here, (which we are sure are continually fluctuating, and changing while we live;) but on that Consciousness which the immaterial Part will give, though joined to Matter, taken from the Top of Olympus.
Secondly, The Denial of Canibals against the Authority of grave Authors, has proceeded from a Persuasion, that the Charge carries the highest Reproach on Humanity, and the Creator of it. My Aim, therefore, was to shew in the best manner I could, that the Accusation every where has probably proceeded from Fear in some, to magnify the Miracle of escaping an inhospitable and strange Country, and from Design in others, to justify Dispossession, and arm Colonies with Union and Courage against the supposed Enemies of Mankind. Conquest and Cruelty, by that means go on with pleasure on the People’s side, who are persuaded they are only subduing of brutish Nature, and exchanging, for their mutual Good, S for T I . By particular and private Men, this may have been fixed on a People, to allay some base or
villainous Actions of their own, that could not any other way be excused, or bear the Light: And for this, I appeal to the discerning part of our Traders, acquainted with Guinea, whether they do not think the Reports of Cape St. Mary’s Inhabitants, Cape Mont, Montzerado, Drewin, and Callabar, down-right Falsities, and impolitick ones; for the multiplying of Places, like Plots, in a great measure destroys the Use of them.
At the Caribbees again, it is full as preposterous; for on small Islands, had their Women bred like Rabbits, they must have been desolated Ages before the Europeans Arrival; unless we can suppose human Flesh was eat only on their Feast-Days; or that they just commenced Monsters upon our Discovery.——La Hontan, or some other French Translation I have read, talking of Canibals bordering on Canada, flies into a strange Gallicism, and makes them commend the Flesh of a Frenchman (sad Partiality) in Eating, as of finer Taste than that of an Englishman.
These, with Europeans neglecting to charge the East-Indians thus, who have more Power than simple Americans or Negroes to resent the Indignity and Reproach, makes me disbelieve the whole of what I have hitherto heard; and that the true Anthropophagi are only the diverse Insects infesting us in diverse Countries; the Pediculose Kind do not live in hot Climates; instead thereof, they are assaulted with a ravenous Fly called Muskito; Legions that live wild in the Woods, and seize with every Opportunity, human Flesh, like Lions.
As there is a strict Regard to Truth observed throughout the whole, it is apprehended the following Sheets will be not only amusing, but useful.
A
V O Y A G E TO Guinea, Brasil
, and the West-Indies;
In His Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow, and Weymouth, &c.
We took in eight Months Provisions each, at Portsmouth; Stores, Careening-Geer, and Necessaries requisite to continue us a double Voyage down the Coast of Guinea, for meeting, if possible, with the Pyrates; who did then very much infest those Parts, and destroy our Trade and Factories. Accordingly the Company’s Governors for Gambia and other Places, embark’d under our Convoy, and were to have what Support we could give them, in restoring the Credit of the Royal African Company; which begun now to take new life under the Influence of the Duke of Chandois.
For this Purpose we set sail from Spithead February 5th, 1720/1.
It is a Pleasure we have beyond the Merchant-Service in sailing, that we are forbid Commerce. When Men of War have no other Lading than Provisions and Necessaries, the Duty of Sailors is eased, and their Conveniencies better; whereas Cargoes, besides dishonouring the Commission, and unfitting the King’s Ships for Action, stifle and sicken a Ship’s Company in warm Climates, impose hard Services, and spoil the Trade of the Merchant they are designed to encourage, and expect a Gratuity from; because Labour and Freight free, they can afford to undersel.
