STEPHANY WALLACE
CONTENTS
Copyrights
Written by Stephany Wallace
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Epilogue
A note from the Author
New from Stephany Wallace
Next from Stephany Wallace
About the Author
Glossary
Trademarks
COPYRIGHTS
Reproducing this book without permission from the author or the publisher is an infringement of its copyright. This book is a work of fiction. The characters names, names of places, and incidents are products of the author’s imagination and are not to be construed as real or used without the author’s authorization. Any resemblance to any actual events or persons, living or dead, locale or organizations is entirely coincidental.
Copyright © 2019 Stephany Wallace All rights reserved.
Edited by Stephany Wallace.
Proofread by Andie Ryder
Cover Design by Stephany Wallace @S.W. Creative Publishing co. All Rights Reserved. Interior Design and Formatting By Stephany Wallace. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
An S.W. Creative Publishing co publication: December 17th, 2019 www.stephanywallace.com
WRITTEN BY STEPHANY WALLACE
Paranormal Romance & Fantasy
Ancient Magic Series
*ACelticAdventure&ParanormalRomance.*
Hidden Magic, book 1.
Renewed Magic, book 2.
Unwanted Magic, Eisha’s story, book 3.
Worthy of Magic, Art’s story, book 4.
Absolute Magic, book 5.
The Winter Court Chronicles
*AnEpicFantasyRomance.*
Forgotten Kingdom, book 1.
Broken Kingdom, book 2.
Everlasting Kingdom, book 3.
Dragons of the Temple. Avra’s Story, book 4.
Secret Kingdom. Theo’s Story and the series conclusion, book 5.
The Curse of the Lycan Shifter Universe
*AFairytaleRetellingofLittleRedRidingHood.*
Beast of Shadow & Light, book 1.
Slayer of Hope & Sorrow, book 2.
Knight of Iron & Stone, book 3.
Queen of War & Peace, book 4.
Gustav & Zelin’s Story
*AnUrbanFantasyRomance*
Wolf Prince, Book 5.
Dark Wolf, Book 6.
Dynasty of Blood Saga
*AParanormalVampireAdventure&Romance.*
Cursed by Darkness, Book 1.
Claimed by Darkness, Book 2.
Consumed by Darkness, Book 3.
Countess of Darkness, Book 4. (Comingsoon.)
Supernatural Taskforce Academy
*AnAcademySeries,ParanormalRomanceAdventureFromAuthors
J.LWeil&StephanyWallace.*
Scorpion Blood, Mission 1.
Mystique Blaze, Mission 2. (Coming soon.)
Witches of Fire & Ice
Evil Little Witch, Grimoire 1 (Coming 2020.)
To check out Steph’s other books feel free to visit her Author Page: Paranormal Romance: Website | Amazon
WRITTEN AS S.C. WALLACE
Adult Contemporary Romance
A Love Through Time Series: Chasing Time, book 1. Destined Time, book 2.
Somewhere Inside Series
Somewhere Inside My Mind, book 1. Somewhere Inside My Past, book 2.
To check out Steph’s other books feel free to visit her Author Page: Contemporary Romance: Website | Amazon
DEDICATION
Tothesparkinsideusthatdarestotakearisk, againstalllogicorreason, forthesakeoffightingforwhatisright.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
To my amazing friends and Beta Readers: Andie Ryder, Hollian Rickman. Thank you for believing in me, supporting my crazy ideas, and helping me through this journey every day.
Thanks for being excited about every single chapter. I especially love your book-boyfriend claiming battles lol. You have no idea how much you mean to me. I love you all.
To my Proofreader: Andie Ryder. Thank you for helping me with the little typos I miss while creating these magical worlds, and the commas I hate #WriterStruggles. lol Love you, girlie!
I also want to thank my mods: Chanell Renea, Kallie Kennon, Jaime Lingerfelt Rodriguez, Shawn Wood, and Andie Ryder, for helping me manage my page and entertain the fans. You are the best!
Thank you to all the amazing readers out there who jump into these worlds with me and love my stories, including my ARC TEAM for their support. I love you all.
And last but not least, I want to thank my family for believing in me. I love you!
Twoforcessavetheworld—SupremacyandMagic.Vampires willbowtoboth…
SomewhereintheOtherworld,RealmoftheFae…
MATHEW
“He’s going to kill Dariah…”
The words thundered in my ears, halting my heart, as I looked into my father’s eyes. The panic I felt reflected in his irises. Whipping around, I faced the portal already forming for me. With one thought of her, the emerald bands glowed, rotating and opening to the place where her essence vibrated.
“Son, wait!” Decebal yelled after me as the flash of light engulfed me, and I appeared on the other side of the portal.
Dismay immediately ripped through me at the sight. Low embers, and wafts of smoke floated from the ground when I stepped onto the scorched earth.
“No…” I breathed, turning in a slow circle.
The mountain clearing was littered with bleeding and writhing bodies, both human and Vampire alike. Mounds of black ashes appeared as Vamps vanished, and raging flames licked the grass among them, incinerating human bodies, trees, and everything it touched.
The war had begun.
“No!”
Heart pounding in my chest, fists shaking, breaths heaving out of me, I glanced beyond the madness. Far off the blood, death, and vengeance soaking the earth, to the castle on top of the hill, engulfed in blazing fire.
“Aaahh!” The spine-chilling scream pierced the air, echoing throughout the kingdom while the breeze carried it forwards, tearing my being into ragged pieces.
“Dariah!” I shouted, horrified, running towards her wherever that was—but Decebal tackled me to the ground the next second, and his emerald portal bands swallowed us whole. We slammed onto the fresh, wet grass of the Fae world.
“Stop, Son!” he ordered, while I fought to get out from under him.
“What are you doing? Didn’t you hear her scream? The are hurting her!!” I raged, knocking him off me and desperately ran, conjuring the portal again. My father’s whip suddenly wrapped around me, capturing me, and tugging me backwards until my body slammed against the ground.
“Stop!” he ordered with all his might, standing above me, yet, I fought to get free.
“Dariah needs me. Let me go!” I demanded, calling on my magic, and seeing my emerald fire engulf his whip, but it was futile—we shared the same power.
Kneeling beside me, he cupped my face and stared into my eyes, regret flickering inside them. “I hoped you wouldn’t see that, Son. But I can’t let you go back there. I need you to trust me.”
“Time is slower here…” I whispered in dismay, realizing what he hadn’t said when he told me it moved differently. “How much time has passed on Earth?” he sighed, shoulders slumping. “How much?!”
“Three months.”
Stunned, I stared at him, the ache of betrayal awakening in me. “You knew the war was raging while I was with you, and didn’t say anything!” I accused, and he grimly nodded. “How could you do this to me, Dad? How can we save the world when it’s already burning?”
Fear like I had never felt before consumed me as I looked into his eyes, ones that looked just like my own, so filled with pain.
“Is she already dead? Is that what I heard?” Emotion captured my words, Dariah’s scream echoing in my soul, but I pushed through it. “Answer me!”
With a heavy sigh, Father loosened the whip, freeing me, and offered me his hand. “Do you trust me?”
Every muscle in my body tensed. I didn’t need him to answer because his silence said it all, yet, he had to know something I didn’t. He’d saved her once, he was training me to fight, he wouldn’t just let humanity be destroyed again, would he? No. He wouldn’t. My father had been with me for only a month, but I couldn’t deny it. I trusted him.
Struggling to contain the rough emotions in me, I nodded, not sure what would come out of my mouth if I dared to speak. I took his hand, letting him help me to my feet, and once we stood face to face, he cradled my cheeks sternly.
“It is the two of us against them. I needed you to learn how to fight, how to control your abilities to destroy the evil wanting to
obliterate us. Not to learn how to heal, not bring to life, but to fight and kill our enemy. There will not be a Nyvith army this time, Mathew. It is just you and me. Last time only I survived, and I was forced to wait in hiding. To let go of you and your mother—the one thing that made this life still worth living—just so I could protect you, and hone my skills.”
His voice roughly caught in his throat, and he took a settling breath, while his mint-green eyes, filled with love and conviction, bore into mine.
“I’ve waited with resigned despair, getting to know and perfecting my abilities, until the day when I could be with you again. The day when you and I could become a force together, and now, it is here. You still have much to learn, but I’ve made you the warrior you were born to be. And this time… This war, we have to win, or everything will be lost forever. It is our last chance.”
Decebal pulled me into a hug that reflected the emotions his words carried, and the severity of our reality fell onto me, quenching my desperation.
“I have to save her, Father. There hasto be a way.” The muscles of my jaw jerked with my plea, chest tightening, and we pulled away, glancing at each other once more. “I refuse to accept that I've lost her. What I saw… that cannot be our fate.”
“It won’t be.”
Standing beside me, Father lifted his palms before him and silently gestured for me to do the same. When I did, the originrunes on our chests glowed, our magic awakening, and the emerald bands appeared mid-air. Two portals formed, their light shimmering, and waiting for our command.
Father took my hand in his, interlacing our fingers, and our silver rings singed, the sound echoing in the forest. Our powers
connected, and nature responded to the call. Wild gusts of wind began to blow around us, sweeping our hair every which way, and a flurry of fallen leaves swirled in the air, alarmed bird caws rising in the sky.
My heart picked up speed, its rhythm matching the wind slapping the lake, while a dragon roared in the distance, feeling the disturbance. The flow of raw magic was overwhelming. An emerald glow throbbed before us, the portals melding seamlessly into one.
“What is happening, Father?” I yelled over the mayhem, trying to understand what I was seeing.
“Don’t let go, Son!” he shouted in answer, just as the earth beneath us began to shake as though it was opening to its core. We held tighter to each other.
Our eyes glowed the next second, green engulfing our vision, and the runes swirled inside the dual bands that formed the large mystical gateway, beginning to rotate. I gasped when the magic rushed through us, projecting from the runes on our chests and towards the portal in a fluid flow of power, increasing its potency.
Thunder lit the sky above us, the angered winds becoming harsher, but we anchored ourselves against a storm of our own making. With each rotation of the bands in its center became clear, the colorful sight of the Otherworld vanishing to show a burning kingdom on the other side.
Transylvania.
Dariah’s scream echoed in my ears yet again, haunting me, but before the anguish could take hold of my chest, Decebal pulled me forwards.
“Push it, now!” Father roared and our joined palms slammed against the portals edge with force.
A burst of emerald engulfed us and then we were inside it—part of it somehow. Runes throbbing, the bands began to rotate in the same direction, around us, like a coin spinning on its axis, except, we were its center.
I meant to ask what we were doing while the magic surged from us, steering the bands, but as my mouth opened, it fell in shock. In front of us, the battlefield was visible, and with each spin of the bands, the flames and war reversed before my very eyes, like pressing the rewind button on a horror movie.
My eyes snapped to my father, disbelieving, while the tempest raged around us. His head was slightly tilted, eyes closed in utter focus, left palm glowing as he faced the kingdom.
Ishedoingthis?
The pull of energy was strong, demanding our all, and grunts mingled in our throats. Our joined hands shook, and still, I didn’t let go. The scenes changed one by one, humans and Vampires standing from the ashes and smoke, the fighting dwindling, flames disappearing until the magnificent castle was whole once more, and the land before us was healthy and new.
“Aargh!”
Strangled shouts burst from our chests when pain shot through our veins, and we fell to our knees from the exertion, hands finally separating. The spinning of the bands stopped. The slapping breeze, the rumble of the earth, and thundering sky all stopped instantly, leaving us in a calm void in the middle of the colorful Fae land.
Pulse racing, gasping for breath, and with so many questions whirling in my mind, I looked at Father. “You can turn back time?” I inquired, perplexed, both pushing to our feet. “Why didn’t you just go back to the first war and save all your brothers, the Nyvith, our
race? Why didn’t you just stop Charles from betraying the Count? Why—”
Decebal’s hands fell on my shoulders, stopping me, and he looked at me, struggling to catch his breath. “I wish I could have, Son. Believe me, I tried, but I can’t turn back time. Wecan.”
Understanding descended on me, and I stared at him, bewildered. He needed me; I was the only other Nyvith left. “You couldn’t do it alone…”
He shook his head. “I can reverse time a few days, a couple of weeks at most, but the amount of magic needed for this…” He gestured towards the open portal, of which we were no longer a part. “It’s far more than I could muster alone.”
“You weren’t even sure you could go back this far,” I realized, blinking in both dread and shock.
Shame flickered in his expression. “No. But you couldn’t join the fight without learning to use your powers, without becoming the warrior you need to be for what’s to come. And I can’t win it alone. I’m sorry, Son. Having you here all this time while danger progressed on Earth was a great gamble. Yet it was a risk—”
“You had to take,” I finished for him, sensing the same distress in him that gripped my being.
Father nodded. “It was the only way. I chose to trust that together, my son and I could do this.”
His words humbled me. It wasn’t only a hope, he’d chosen to trust that I’d be as powerful as him. A true Nyvith.
“Is Dariah alive now?” I glanced to the portal, asking the only question I needed answered.
“Yes, she’s alive and well.”
Powerful relief rushed through me, taking away my exhaustion, and injecting new life into me, new vigor. “Then, let’s go get her.” I
whirled towards the idled portal that awaited my command, but my father’s hand gripped my arm, stopping me.
“This time, Son, don’t let your emotions dictate your actions. Forget what you saw, it doesn’t exist anymore—it hasn’t transpired. Don’t react. Instead, think of what will give you the best chance to get Dariah safely out of Charles’ castle.”
Forcing a settling breath, I mulled over his words. I didn’t think I would ever be able to forget what I saw, even if thanks to our magic, it hadn’t happened yet. I took the rest of his advice to heart, though. Turning, I faced the portal, and saw the glowing bands rotate in different directions, opening a gateway through time and space as they responded to my magic.
The inside of Sebastian’s castle became clear on the other side, and the flash of light took me there. When I turned back, my father was still on the other side, his home and Ivas visible just behind him.
“You are not coming with me?”
A strange emotion filtered through his eyes. “I have something of the utmost importance to do, before I can start this fight that might very well be my last.”
The gravity of his words wasn’t lost on me, but I still needed him by my side. For once in my life, I should be allowed to be selfish. Now more than ever, I needed my father with me. “What can be more important than helping your son save the woman he loves?” I asked, letting the light flare and take me to his side again.
His lips slowly stretched into a warmhearted smile, having heard my thoughts, and he placed a hand over my heart. “Being with the woman I love,” he answered simply.
My chest constricted. Pulling him into my arms, I hugged him fiercely, hating the fact that this felt so much like a goodbye. He’d given up so much for us…
“I swear, I will be with you soon,” he promised, leaning away to look into my eyes.
Nodding, I accepted his promise. “Tell Mamma, I love her and misshertoo.”
Father grinned, appreciating that I had used my mind instead of my words. He had taught me how to block him from my thoughts, but I realized that having that connection with my father was important to me.
“You can do this without me, Mathew. You are ready.” Pride illuminated his gaze, and with one last glance at me, he walked away as new bands spun behind him, opening to my mother’s cottage.
I took a deep breath as he disappeared into the human world I once called my own, and my gaze shifted to search for Ivas. He was no longer there… gone.
Urgency returned to me as I whirled around, the flare of emerald light engulfing me. This time, I appeared in the center of Sebastian’s study, realizing my appearance had messed up the space, just like my father’s had when I first saw him arrive.
Wind-blown faces stared at me, startled.
“Impossible!” Sebastian gasped from his armchair, mouth agape.
“I knew it!” Léonie clapped excitedly. “I told you he almost burst my eardrums back in the cave! He’s not human.”
“No, he isn’t. He’s… Fae,” Sebastian whispered standing, utterly stunned.
“No, I’m not.” I walked towards him. “I’m Nyvith. Part Witch, part Wolf Shifter, part Fae and part Vampire.” Their mouths dropped. “What you thought to be Fae during the war was actually my race. One created by the Count long ago to defend humanity from his evil spawn.” I exhaled. “I’m a Vampire Slayer.”
“What?” Dove screeched, hiding behind her father.
“I’m a threat only to those who betrayed the Count, or seek to gain power and destroy humanity.” I clarified. “And we are friends, aren’t we?”
“Of course!” Sebastian answered without hesitation.
“Then, I would never fight against you.”
“Neither would I.” He vowed, eyes filled with truth, and guided Léonie to his side again. “The last time I saw one of you…”
“My father survived the war,” I informed. “I know there is much you need to know, and I have the answers you seek, but there is no time to waste. I must save Dariah, and I need your help.”
“Dariah is fine,” Léonie intervened innocently, and a bit puzzled. The light caught the glimmer of her golden gown in that moment, and I realized her and Sebastian both wore formal evening wear. “We just came from a ball in Charles’ castle. She is with Antoine, completely safe.”
“A ball?” I questioned, unable to reconcile Charles ‘the gracious host’, with the treacherous killer.
Sympathy clouded her eyes as she exchanged a glance with her father. “Tonight, was the formal announcement of her betrothing to Antoine.”
The blood chilled in my veins with her words, but the dread instantly turned to rage. “What?” I growled, hands fisting, the emerald glow gripping my vision.
“It’s all a ruse,” Sebastian assured calmly, while Léonie stepped away from me again—just to be safe. “They are trying to appease Charles, buying time until they can figure out another arrangement.”
“She has been upset, though,” Léonie accused, carefully watching me. “Dariah hasn’t heard from you in two weeks. You said you would call,” she admonished, but all I could hear was twoweeks.
I had come back only two weeks since we last spoke. Thank God.
My gaze snapped towards her father. “I know this will be hard for you, but you have to hear it. Augustus was not the son who betrayed the Count. It was Charles Martel.”
He stepped back as though I had slapped him. “How dare you!” Sebastian seethed, irises swirling with red, and for the first time, I truly saw him as the dangerous creature he was.
“You know I speak the truth!” I stepped forwards, squaring off to him. “Deep down you knew you couldn’t trust him anymore. Otherwise, you would have told Charles that you found the Count, and that he is right here, in your home, being healed.”
“Charles would neverdo that,” he pressed. “He was the closest of the sons. The first of us Andrei chose. He would never hurt his sire.”
“And still, you haven’t told him. Have you?” I challenged.
Sebastian blinked with my words, the blood leaving his irises as pain replaced it. He shook his head, looking somewhere beyond me. “No one knows.” When his ice blue eyes connected with mine again, a quiet desperation filtered into them. “Please tell me it isn’t true. I’ve supported him all these years.”
His lips trembled as he forced the words out, and I wasn’t certain whether it was from sadness or rage.
“You’ve never seen into his mind?”
Sebastian’s hands fisted. “Vampiri shall never use their powers against each other,” he recited. “It is the first rule of the Vampir Accords, one written by Charles himself.”
“Then, I think you already know the answer, Sebastian. He knew you’d never break that law.”
His breathing became forced with my words, blood filling his irises once more, fists shaking. Rage, the emotion was definitely rage.
Léonie shook her head. “But even if his father had done that, Antoine would never—"
“I can’t trust Antoine right now,” I answered bitterly, yet, sincerely, and she glared at me, insulted.
“Mathew is right… she’s not safe,” Sebastian agreed, fixing crimson irises on his daughter. “Stay in the lab with Alfie and Zoe, and make sure no one finds out we’ve gone.”
“Let’s go,” I ordered, gripping the whip on my hip and marching to the other end of the room, while Léonie rushed out of the study. The symbols on my chest ignited and the portal appeared before us, calling to the location of Dariah’s essence.
“Get Dariah, and leave immediately,” Sebastian directed in turn, walking to my side.
Black claws ripped the bowtie of his tux, he threw away his jacket, and pulled his long platinum hair back into a low ponytail, as though preparing for battle.
“I’m going to kill Charles myself,” he hissed through sharp fangs, just as I held his arm, and the emerald light engulfed us both.
ChâteaudeVillandry,LoireValleyofFrance…
DARIAH
“After you, moncherfiancée.”
I rolled my eyes at Antoine; he was taking our inside joke a little too seriously. Not that it was funny, but we might as well laugh at our predicament. Lips twitching, I entered my room while he held the door for me. “Thank you, fiancé.”
“Well, if it isn’t the lovebirds,” Anne greeted from my bed, fluffing the pillows. “So, how was the party, did you enjoy yourselves?”
Holding the long train of my beaded red gown, I kicked off my heels, and walked straight to the night table, hearing Antoine engage in light conversation with the old lady. Taking the cell phone Antoine had bought me from the drawer, I anxiously glanced at the screen, disappointment instantly burned through me.
Nothing. There were no calls or messages from Mathew.
Taking a slow and steadying breath, I placed the phone back in the drawer, locking it out of sight. I had tried to call him so many times in the past couple of weeks, I no longer saw the point. Nevertheless, a part of me still waited… stillhoped.
I swallowed the sour taste the thought of him moving on left in my mouth, I knew he loved me, but I understood that asking a human to be part of my world was too much, even for Mathew. Not to mention, I was asking him to wait for me without even knowing when we’d be together again. Closing my eyes briefly, I hardened my heart to the thought, and faced the others. It was time I faced the truth. I had to let him go.
The mattress wobbled as Antoine jumped onto the perfectly turned down bed, folding his arms behind his head, and sighed.
“Comfy?” I asked sarcastically, sitting beside him just as Anne gasped.
“What are you doing? I just fixed the bed for the princess. Get off, get off, get off!” she smacked him with the pillow repeatedly while he chuckled, scrambling to his feet.
“I have to say, this might be the first time a woman’s ever thrown me out of her bed. And I’m not fond of the feeling.” He made a face, carefully smoothing his tux, but Anne smacked him one more time— for good measure.
Laughter escaped me when he winked at me, heading towards his adjoined room. Taking off his jacket, he stopped by the wet bar, pouring two glasses.
“Such a pompous, spoiled, philanderer,” Anne huffed. “The world does not revolve around you, you know?”
“Ouch!” Antoine cringed dramatically—like she’d broken his heart —then returned to my side, handing me the brandy.
“At least she speaks the truth.” The skirt of my dress slid open when I crossed my legs, taking a sip.
“That she does.” He offered me another wink, amused, and my soul sighed.
Being in Charles’ palace had been nothing like I had expected, and this right here was something I wished I had all my life. The lighthearted bickering, the laughter, the insults that were nothing more than familial love.
Antoine caressed my cheek, reading my face like an open book. The emotion in it, was something he hoped I’d feel for so long. I knew he was happy I was finally here, and in a way, I was too, but it was all bittersweet without Mathew by my side.
“I’ll have you know that every inch of this, is a woman’s forbidden desire.” He motioned to all of him, going out of his way to trigger Anne’s response. He loved riling her up. “Except it’s everything but forbidden, because I give it away like it is guilt in Sunday church. Just take it. Take it.”
Anne’s eyes grew wide, appalled, even though her lips quivered. “You’ve never been to church.”
Antoine’s shoulders lifted and fell casually, grinning as he sipped his brandy.
“Oh, please,” I snickered, joining the party. “There is nothing under that tux I could possibly want.”
Anne’s expression twinkled with merriment while Antoine arched a dubious brow at me, challenging my words.
“Well… not anymore,” I mumbled, and we burst out laughing.
“No need to pretend with me,” Anne added, already finished with the bed. “You two might have enjoyed certain pleasures before, but as long as I’m around, there is going to be no sex before the wedding.”
Antoine and I exchanged an awkward glance. “Thank you for defending my virtue, Anne. I knew I could count on you,” Antoine mused, repressing a chuckle.
“Incorrigible,” she huffed, walking to his side and patting his cheek with love, then paused as though to catch her breath. She seemed so tired.
Guilt filtered through me at the sight. “I’m sorry, Anne. I should have helped you; I was distracted by our jesting. I don’t need you to make my bed or tend to me,” I assured, going to her side, and making her sit down in the armchair close to my bed. “You don’t have to worry about me, I’m more than capable of taking care of myself.”
“I like helping, doing something other than…” She didn’t finish the thought, but she didn’t have to. “It makes me feel useful,” she assured, patting my hand.
My gaze fell to the gauze pads on her wrists and neck. That was the only thing that bothered me about Charles’ kingdom, the way they fed from the humans in his staff so casually. The sight caused a fire to ignite in my gut. My accusatory gaze connected with Antoine’s, and he let out a heavy breath. He didn’t like the way certain things worked in the palace, but it was his father’s home, his rules, so he didn’t do anything about it.
Perhaps it had something to do with the change Mathew and Liam had caused in me, but feeding from a human like this, without any regard for their wellbeing, irked me to no end. I wished I had a way to stop it.
“You know what? Why don’t you take advantage of that nice and fluffy bed, and rest instead?” I guided Anne to the mattress while she protested.
Another random document with no related content on Scribd:
Polychaeta, 256, 276
Volvox, Rotifers in, 227
Vortex, 44;
British species, 50; body-cavity, 43
Vorticellids, on Polychaeta, 299
Vorticeros, British species, 45, 46, 50
Vorticidae, 50
Vuillemin (misprinted in text), on Nematodes in deserts, 156
Walford, on Polyzoa, 521
Ward, on Nectonema, 168; on Sipunculus, 417
Warning colours, in Polychaeta, 294, 314
Waters, on Polyzoa, 517
Wheeler, on Myzostomaria, 344
Whelk, shell occupied by Nereis, 298
White Cat, 317
Whitman, on Dicyemidae, 94; on Hirudinea, 395 f., 402, 405 f.
Willemoes-Suhm, von, on Tetrastemma agricola, 101, 115, 117, 118
Willey, on affinities of Nemertinea, 120 n.; on Oligochaeta, 382
Wings, of Chaetopterus, 295, 324
Winter-eggs, of Mesostoma, 48; of Rotifers, 217; compared with statoblasts, 493
Woodworth, on yolk-glands, 38 n.
Wreath, in Rotifers, 200
Wright, on Phoronis, 450, 456
Yellow-cells, in Leptoplana, 13
Yolk-gland, in Planaria, 38, 39; in Rhabdocoelida, 47; in Temnocephala, 54; in Polystomatidae, 57;
in Calliobothrium, 75; in Schistocephalus, 86; in Rotifers, 199, 216
Yoruba Worm, 368, 387
Youatt, on Coenurus, 82
Yungia, 19, 25
Zebra, parasites of, 140
Zelinka, on Rotifers, 198, 215 n., 218, 219, 227, 229; on Gastrotricha, 232
Zooecium, 466, 469, 474, 488, 523; of Phylactolaemata, 495; loss of zooecia, 481, (= calyces), 488; primary, 506; alterations with age, 522
Zone of budding, 279, 283
Zooid, sexual and asexual, 278 f.
Zoophytes, 465, 474
STUDENTS OF NATURAL
HISTORY
A HANDBOOK OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. By E M , B A , F L S , F E S
Extra Crown 8vo 10s 6d net
ENTOMOLOGISTS' MONTHLY MAGAZINE.—"This book cannot fail to afford great assistance to the student who desires to recognise and identify his specimens without the necessity of comparing them with named examples. It is without exception the best class-book that has yet appeared for imparting real sound knowledge of structure, evolution, and classification."
NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SELBORNE. By G W . With Notes by F B , a Chapter on Antiquities by L S , and New Letters, Illustrated by P H D New and Cheaper Edition Crown 8vo 6s Also an Edition in Two Vols , with Introduction by J B , and Illustrations by C J Crown 8vo 10s 6d
FORTY YEARS IN A MOORLAND PARISH. Reminiscences and Researches in Danbyin-Cleveland. By Rev. J. C. A , D.C.L., Canon of York and Incumbent of the Parish, Author of "A History of Cleveland," "A Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect." With Maps and Illustrations. Extra Crown 8vo. 5s. net.
THE SCENERY OF SWITZERLAND AND THE CAUSES TO WHICH IT IS DUE. By the Right Hon. Sir John L , Bart., M.P., F.R.S., etc. Crown 8vo. 6s.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.—"By his 'Scenery of Switzerland,' he will enhance the pleasure of many a rambler, and insensibly teach, by practical example, the great lessons that are decipherable on the face of nature."
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF SEAWEEDS. By G M , F L S , Keeper of Botany in the Natural History Department of the British Museum Illustrated Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.
A SKETCH OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA, WITH SOME NOTES ON SPORT. By F G A , F R G S , F Z S , etc Illustrated by F S Crown 8vo 6s
HANDBOOK OF FIELD AND GENERAL ORNITHOLOGY. A Manual of the Structure and Classification of Birds With Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Specimens By E C Profusely Illustrated 8vo 10s net
STRUCTURE AND LIFE OF BIRDS By F W H , Assistant Master in Haileybury College Illustrated 8vo 7s 6d
TALES OF THE BIRDS By W W F , M A With Illustrations by B H Second Edition Crown 8vo 8s 6d
A YEAR WITH THE BIRDS. By W. W F , M.A. With Illustrations by B H Third Edition, enlarged Crown 8vo 3s 6d
SUMMER STUDIES OF BIRDS AND BOOKS. By W W F , M A Crown 8vo 6s.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF AQUATIC INSECTS. By L C M , F R S , Professor of Biology in the Yorkshire College, Leeds Illustrated Crown 8vo 6s
ROMANCE OF THE INSECT WORLD. By L. N. B . With Illustrations by M J D B and others Crown 8vo 6s
THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. An Account of the General Results of the Dredging Cruises of H.M.SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, under the Scientific Direction of Dr C , F R S ; J G J , F R S and Dr W T , F R S By Sir C W T , F R S With numerous Illustrations and Maps Second Edition Medium 8vo 31s 6d
THE VOYAGE OF THE CHALLENGER. THE ATLANTIC. A Preliminary Account of the General Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Year 1873 and the Early Part of the Year 1876. With Portrait, Plates, and Maps. In two Vols. Published by Authority of the Lords Commissioner of the Admiralty Medium 8vo 45s
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY OF ABYSSINIA, made during the Progress of the British Expedition to that Country in 1867-1868. By W. T. B , F.R.S. With Illustrations and Geological Map. 8vo. 21s.
WORKS BY A. R. WALLACE, F.R.S.
DARWINISM: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its Applications. With Maps and Illustrations. Extra Crown 8vo. 9s.
NATURAL SELECTION AND TROPICAL NATURE. Essays on Descriptive and Theoretical Biology Extra Crown 8vo 6s
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO: The Land of the Orang Utan and the Bird of Paradise. A Narrative of Travel With Studies of Man and Nature With Maps and Illustrations Fourth Edition Extra Crown 8vo 6s
ISLAND LIFE: or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras. Including a Revision and Attempted Solution of the Problem of Geological Climates With Illustrations and Maps Second Edition Extra Crown 8vo 6s
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS; with a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the Earth's Surface With Maps and Illustrations In Two Vols Medium 8vo 42s
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE OSTEOLOGY OF THE MAMMALIA: being the substance of the course of lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1870. By Sir W H F , F R S , F R C S , Director of the Natural History Museum Illustrated Third Edition Revised with the assistance of H G , Ph D Crown 8vo 10s 6d
WILD BEASTS AND THEIR WAYS. Reminiscences of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, from 1845-1888. By Sir S W. B , Pacha, F.R.S. With Illustrations. New and Cheaper Edition.
Extra Crown 8vo. 12s. 6d.
WANDERINGS IN SOUTH AMERICA, THE NORTH-EAST OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THE ANTILLES, IN THE YEARS 1812, 1816, 1820, and 1824. With Original Instructions for the perfect Preservation of Birds, etc , for Cabinets of Natural History By C W , Esq. Edited by the Rev. J. G. W . With 100 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 6s.
FROM A NEW ENGLAND HILLSIDE. Notes from Underledge By W P Pott 8vo 3s
THE FRIENDSHIP OF NATURE A New England Chronicle of Birds and Flowers By M O W 16mo 3s
MACMILLAN AND CO., L ., LONDON.
WORKS ON BIOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
A TEXT-BOOK OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY By Dr A L , Professor of Zoology in the University of Zurich, formerly Ritter Professor of Phylogeny in the University of Jena With Preface to the English Translation by Professor Dr E H Translated into English by H M B , M A , Cantab , and M B Part I 8vo Part II (completing the Anatomy of the Invertebrates) 17s net each
AN ATLAS OF PRACTICAL ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY By G B H , Assistant Professor of Zoology With a preface by Professor H , F R S Med 4to 14s
MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF VARIATION. Treated with especial regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. By W B , M.A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. 8vo. 21s. net.
AMPHIOXUS AND THE ANCESTRY OF THE VERTEBRATES. By A W , B Sc , Tutor in Biology, Columbia College; Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge With a preface by H F O . 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN (Corvus corax Sinuatus). A Guide to the Study of the Muscular System in Birds By R W S , of the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, U S A
With Illustrations. 8vo. 13s. net.
ORGANIC EVOLUTION AS THE RESULT OF THE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS ACCORDING TO THE LAWS OF ORGANIC GROWTH. By Dr G H T E , Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in Tübingen. Translated by J. T. C , M.A., F.R.S.E., late Fellow of University College, Oxford. 8vo. 12s. 6d.
FROM THE GREEKS TO DARWIN. An Outline of the Development of the Evolution Idea By H F O , Sc D , Da Costa Professor of Biology in Columbia College, Curator in the American Museum of Natural History 8vo 9s net
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY. By T J P , B Sc , F R S , Professor of Biology in the University of Otago, New Zealand Illustrated Second Edition Crown 8vo 10s 6d
KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland Second Edition, with which are incorporated General Ornithology an outline of the structure and classification of birds, and Field Ornithology a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds By E C , M A , M D , Ph D , Member of the National Academy of Sciences Profusely illustrated Super Royal 8vo 42s
MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH CICADÆ OR TETTIGIIDÆ (Froghoppers and Grassflies). By G B B , F R S , Corr Memb Acad Nat Hist, of Philadelphia, Memb de la Soc Ent de France Illustrated by more than 400 Coloured Drawings Two Vols Demy 8vo 33s 6d each net Also in Eight Parts 8s each net
THE FOSSIL INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA With Notes on some European Species By S H S Vol I The Pretertiary Insects With 34 Plates Vol II The Tertiary Insects With a Map and 28 Plates 4to Paper Boards 90s net
MACMILLAN AND CO., L ., LONDON.
Τρῆμα, a hole; referring to the orifices of the suckers.
[3]
Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire d. Polypes d'eau douce, Leyden, 1744.
[4]
Die Parasiten des Menschen, 1879——. Engl. Transl. by W. E. Hoyle, i. 1886.
[5]
Band 4, by M. Braun. (Mesozoa and Trematoda completed; Cestoda in progress.)
[6]
Verm. terr. et fluv. ... succincta historia, 1773; Zool. Danica, 1777.
[7]
Observations on Planariae, Edinburgh, 1813.
[8]
M. Faraday, "On the Planariae," Medical Gazette, Feb. 1832; and in Edinburgh New Philosoph. Journal, vol. xiv. 1833, pp. 183-189.
[9]
Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. tom. xiii. 1827.
[10]
Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.) I. tom. xv. 1828.; ibid. tom. xxi. 1830.
[11]
Mém. Acad. St. Pétersbourg, 5th ser. tom. ii. 1832.
[12]
Die rhabdocoelen Turbellarien des Süsswassers. Jena 1848.
[13]
Monographie d. Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida, 1882. Die Acoela, Leipzig, 1892.
[14]
"Die Polycladen," Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monogr. XI. 1884.
[15]
Phil. Trans. 1874, p. 105.
[16]
Since no food, but only the pharynx, passes through this "mouth," the term is unfortunate. Moreover the true mouth is the aperture placing the stomach in communication with the pharynx (Fig. 5, gm).
[17]
Ann. Sci. Nat. 1 sér. tom. xv. 1828, p. 146. "La Planaire trémellaire ... peut parcourir ... en faisant battre rapidement ses parties latérales à la manière des larges nageoires des Raies."
[18]
Observations on Planariae. Edinburgh, 1813, p. 12.
[19]
"Zur Anat. u. Entwickl. einiger Seeplanarien v. St. Malo," Abh. K. Gesellschaft d. Wiss. Göttingen, 1868.
[20]
The roof of the peripharyngeal chamber is hence known as the "diaphragm."
[21]
See Brandt, Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monogr. XIII. 1885, p. 65.
[22]
See p. 94.
[23]
Verhandlungen d. med. Gesellschaft zu Würzburg, iv. 1854, p. 223.
[24]
Enantia spinifera Grff. Mittheil. d. Naturwiss. Verein. f. Steiermark, 1889.
[25]
The sucker of Leptoplana tremellaris probably does not correspond with that of the Cotylea.
[26]
Collingwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser. vol. i. pt. 3, 1876, p. 83.
[27]
Von Stummer-Traunfels, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. lx. 1895, p. 689.
[28]
Planocera pellucida Mertens, P. simrothi v. Grff., P. grubei Grff., Stylochoplana sargassicola Mertens, S. californica Woodworth, Planctoplana challengeri Grff., all belonging to the Planoceridae. See v. Graff, "Pelagische Polycladen," Zeitschrift f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lv. 1892, p. 190.
[29]
Cambridge Natural History, vol. iii. p. 74.
[30]
Lang, "Polycladen," p. 629.
[31]
Wheeler, Journal of Morphology, vol. ix. part 2, 1894, p. 195.
[32]
Many Nudibranchiate Mollusca undergo this change of habitat. See Garstang, Journal of the Marine Biological Assoc. n.s. i. No. 4, 1890, p. 447.
[33]
Chun, "Ctenophoren," Fauna u. Flora G. v. Neapel, Monogr. I. 1880, p. 180.
[34]
See Lang, "Polycladen," p. 607.
[35]
Lang, "Polycladen," Pl. 30, Fig. 8.
[36]
Kongl. Fysiograf. Sällskapets Handlingar, Bd. iv. Lund, 1892-93.
[37]
Whitman, Journal of Morphology, vol. iv. 1890, p. 361.
[38]
A full account of Polyclad development is contained in Lang's "Polycladen," with references to the literature of the subject. Since the date of that work (1884) the embryology of Ctenophora has become better known, but, though the segmentation of the egg
and early stages of development are very similar in both cases, the elaborate investigations of E. B. Wilson (Journ. Morphology, vol. vi. p. 361) show that the segmentation of Polychaet worms is again similar. The question of the affinities of the Polycladida is also discussed by Lang ("Polycladen" p. 642 et seq.). The work of the last decade has neither proved nor disproved his suggestion that the Ctenophores and Polyclads have been derived from common ancestors. On this subject the remarks made by Hatschek (Lehrbuch d. Zoologie, p. 319) are some of the weightiest that have appeared.
[39]
Hallez, Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, tom. ii. 1889-90.
[40]
Voigt, Zool. Anz. xv. p. 238.
[41]
Grube, Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 38 Jahrg. Bd. i. 1872, p. 273.
[42]
Vejdovsky, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lx. 1895, p. 200.
[43]
Woodworth, Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoology, Harvard, vol. xxi. No. 1, 1891.
[44]
Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, 1882, p. 187.
[45]
Wheeler, Journal of Morphology, vol. ix. 1894, p. 167.
[46]
Dendy, Trans. Roy Soc. Victoria 1890, p. 65; Id. Austral. Assoc. Brisbane, 1895, "Presid. Add. to Sect. D," p. 15.
[47]
Darwin, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xiv. 1844, p. 241.
[48]
Shipley, Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. vol. vii. pt. 4, 1891 (with literature).
[49]
Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria from 1889 onwards. Trans. New Zealand Institute, 1894-95.
[50]
Moseley, Phil. Trans. 1874, p. 105; Id. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xlvii. 1877, p. 273; Loman, Bijdrag tot d. Dierkunde, Aflev 14, 1887, p. 71; Id. Zool. Ergeb. ein. Reise in Nieder-Ost-Indien, Hft. 1, p. 131; Beddard, Zoogeography, 1895, p. 53.
[51]
Beobachtungen ü. Anat. u. Entwickel. an der Küste von Normandie, 1863, p. 18.
[52]
Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 57 Jahrg. Bd. i. Hft. 3, 1891, p. 308.
[53]
Dendy, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, vol. iv. n.s. i. 1892.
[54]
Schmarda, Neue wirbellose Thiere, Leipzig, 1859, I. i. p. 30.
[55]
Abhandl. d. Naturf. Gesell. zu Halle, Bd. iv. 1857, p. 33.
[56]
Arb. Zool.-Zoot. Instit. Würzburg, Bd. v. 1882, p. 120.
[57]
Woodworth (loc. cit. p. 38) states that in Phagocata the yolk-glands arise by proliferation from two parovaria, placed just in front of the ordinary ovaries. Iijima, however (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xl. 1883, p. 454), regarded them as derivatives of the parenchyma.
[58]
The extensive literature on this subject is fairly completely summarised by Voigt in Biol. Centralblatt, vol. xiv. Nos. 20, 21, 1894. Faraday's observations (cf. p. 6, note 8) have been generally overlooked.
[59]
Archives d. Biologie, tom. xii. 1892, p. 437.
[60]
Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, Bd. iii. 1882, p. 187.
[61]
Böhmig, Ergebnisse d. Plankton Expedition, Bd. ii. H. g. 1895.
[62]
von Graff, Die Acoela, Leipzig, 1892. Appendix.
[63]
The development of the Acoela has been worked out recently by Mdlle. Pereyaslawzewa (Zapiski Novoross. Obshch. Odessa, 17 Bd. 1892) and Gardiner (Journal of Morphology, xi. No. 1, 1895, p. 155) with conflicting results. The former finds four endoderm cells, which give rise to a larval intestine. The Acoela are for her, Pseudacoela. Gardiner, on the other hand, finds no trace of an
endoderm at any stage of the development of Polychoerus caudatus.
[64]
Tijdschr. Nederland. Dierk. Ver. Deel ii. 1875.
[65]
Von Graff, Monographie d. Turbellarien: I. Rhabdocoeliden, 1882. Gamble, Quart. Journ. Microscop. Science, vol. xxxiv. 1893, p. 433.
[66]
Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lx. 1895, p. 163.
[67]
See von Graffs Monographie, pl. ix.; and Jensen, Turbellaria ad Litora Norvegiae, Bergen, 1878, pl. iv.
[68]
For the reproductive organs of Rhabdocoelida, consult von Graff, Monographie, "Die Acoela"; and Böhmig, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. li. 1891, p. 167.
[69]
Untersuchungen ü. Platyhelminthen, Giessen, 1873, p. 101.
[70]
Compare the remarks on Trematodes, pp. 4-5.
[71]
Haswell, Monograph of the Temnocephaleae Macleay Memorial Volume. Mem. iii. 1893.
[72]
Braun, in Bronn's Klassen u. Ordn. d. Thierreichs, vol. iv p. 407, gives a valuable summary of our knowledge of this group. For figures, see van Beneden and Hesse, Mémoires de l'Acad. roy. de Belgique, tom. xxxiv. 1864, pp. 1-169. A valuable paper (with synoptic tables) on Japanese Monogenea, by Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Japan, vol. viii. pt. 1, 1894, has recently appeared.
[73]
See Leuckart, "Parasiten" Bd. ii. p. 238.
[74]
Zeller, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. xxii. 1872, pp. 1, 168; also Bd. xxvii. 1876, p. 238; xlvi. 1888, p. 233.
[75]
An excellent and beautifully illustrated account, by Looss, of the Distomatidae of Frogs and Fishes may be found in Leuckart and Chun's Bibliotheca Zoologica, Heft 16, 1894.
[76]
Leuckart, Parasiten d. Menschen, "Trematoden," 1892-94; R. Blanchard, Traité d. Zool. médicale, i. 1889; H. B. Ward, Report for 1894 of Nebraska State Board of Agric. Lincoln, U.S.A. 1895, p. 225.
[77]
Huxley, Anat. of Invert. Animals, 1877, p. 194.
[78]
Braun, Bronn's Thierreichs, Bd. iv p. 792; Leuckart, Parasiten d. Menschen, 11 Abth. p. 158; Brandes, in Spengels Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Abtheil. Bd. v. 1890, p. 849; v. Nordmann, Mikr. Beitr. i. Berlin, 1832.
[79]
Heckert, Bibliotheca Zoologica (Leuckart and Chun), Heft 4, 1889. I am not aware that Leucochloridium has been noticed in England.
[80]
"Heterogamy" usually means the alternation of bisexual and unisexual generations (e.g. Rhabdonema nigrovenosum), but is, unfortunately, also used in the sense of Alloiogenesis, as defined above. See Grobben, Arbeit. Zool. zoot. Ints. Wien, Bd. iv 1881, p. 201.
[81]
Parasiten, Bd. i. Abth. II. p. 152.
[82]
Festschrift f. Leuckart, Leipzig, 1892, p. 167.
[83]
Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci. vol. xxiii. 1883, p. 90.
[84]
The intermediate host in the Sandwich Islands is said to be Limnaea peregra. See Lutz, Centralbl. f. Bakter. xi. 1892, p. 783.
[85]
The mortality in wet years, however, is said to be largely due to pulmonary inflammation. This and other causes of death are not always discriminated in the returns.
[86]
See Thomas, Quart. Journ. Micros. Science, xxiii. 1883. Neumann, Parasites of Domesticated Animals, translated by Fleming, 1892.
[87]
Leuckart, loc. cit.; Looss, Archiv f mikroskop. Anatomie, Bd. xlvi. 1895, p. 1.
[88]
In Leuckart, Die Parasiten d. Menschen, pp. 521-528, 1894.
[89]
Cf. p. 89.
[90]
See Braun. Bronn's Klassen u. Ordnungen d. Thierreichs, vol. iv. p. 572.
[91]
Braun, loc. cit. p. 573.
[92]
Taken largely from Braun, Ibid. pp. 864-866, where the literature of the subject is referred to fully.
[93]
Festschr. f. Leuckart, 1892, p. 134.
[94]
Cf. p. 5.
[95]
Arbeit. Inst. Wien, iii. 1881, p. 163; see also ibid. ix. 1890, p. 57.
[96]
For figures of various scolices see van Beneden, Mémoire sur les vers Intestinaux, 1861; Braun in Bronn's Thierreich, Cestoda (in progress), Bd. iv. Pl. xxxviii.-xlv.
[97]
The mature proglottis of Calliobothrium eschrichti is 8-9 mm. long, whereas the strobila only measures 4-5 mm. in length. Species of Phylliobothrium, Anthobothrium, and Tetrarhynchus show a similar but not an equal contrast between the size of the parent and proglottis (P. J. van Beneden, "Les Vers Cestoides," Nouv. Mém. de l'Acad. Roy. d. Belgique, tom. xxv. 1850).
[98]
The difficult question of the nature of the Cestode body and Cestode larvae is adequately discussed by Braun, loc. cit. p. 1167.
[99]
Leuckart, Die Parasiten d. Menschen [English trans. by W. E. Hoyle]; Blanchard, Traité de Zoologie médicale, 1893.
[100]
For a full account of the history of this subject see Leuckart, Parasiten d. Menschen, p. 28; Braun, loc. cit. Bd. iv. p. 929 et seq.; Huxley, Collected Essays, vol. viii. p. 229.
[101]
By Grassi this form is considered identical with T. murina. The latter species is known, from this author's researches, to develop in rats without migration into an intermediate host. Should Grassi's synonymy prove correct, the presence of large numbers of this tape-worm in man would readily receive its explanation.
[102]
Leuckart, loc. cit. p. 752 et seq.
[103]
The distinctive features of these and the foregoing tape-worms are given on pp. 89-90
