MechanicalandMetallurgicalProperties ofGradeX70SteelLinepipeProduced byNon-conventionalHeatTreatment
C.Natividad,R.García,V.H.López,L.A.Falcón,andM.Salazar
Abstract AnonconventionalheattreatmentinAPIX70steelsampleswascarried outbyheatingthesteelupto1050 ı Candholdingfor30minatthistemperature. Subsequently,thesampleswerecooledin waterandair.Therehasbeenrecentlya growingdemandforhigher-gradelinepipesthatcanhelptoreducethetotalcost oflonglinepipes.Theapplicationofhigh-strengthlinepipessuchasAPIX70 andX80gradeshasbeenincreasinginrecentyears.Theuseofhigh-strength linepipesteelsimprovestheefficiencyoftransportationbyenablinglargevolumes underhighinternalpressure.Increasingyieldstrengthandthereforethinnerwall thicknessenabletheindustrytoreducethecostsofallcomponentsthroughthe limitationofstringweight.Inthiswork,anAPIX70hasbeendevelopedthrough nonconventionalheattreatmenttocreatethesuitablemicrostructure(acicular ferrite)whichprovidesgoodtoughnessandsourservicepropertiesduetothebainite obtainedinthemicrostructure.Toassess theeffectoftheheattreatment,mechanical propertieswereevaluated.Theseresultswererelatedwiththemicrostructuresand precipitatedistributioninthesteel.
Keywords APIX70•Nonconventionalheattreatment•Acicularferrite• Bainite•Sourservice
C.Natividad( )•R.García•V.H.López. InstitutodeInvestigaciónenMetalurgiayMateriales (IIMM)delaUniversidad MichoacanadeSanNicolásdeHidalgo,Morelia,Michoacán,México e-mail: consnatividad@yahoo.com.mx
L.A.Falcón
FacultaddeMetalurgiadelaUniversidadAutónomadeCoahuila,Monclova,Coahuila,Mexico M.Salazar
InstitutoMexicanodelPetróleo,EjeCentralLázaroCárdenasNorte152,SanBartolo Atepehuacan,C.P.07730México,México
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 R.PérezCamposetal.(eds.), CharacterizationofMetals andAlloys,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-31694-9_1
1.1Introduction
Offshoreandgasexplorationandproductionismovingintowaterdepthsgreater than3000m,whicharechallengingthewell-establisheddesignsandpipesused. Pipesfortheseapplicationsareexposedtohighcollapsepressure,tohighaxial loads,andpartlytofatigueinthegirthwelds.Intheearly1960s,mediumcarbon steelwasthematerialusedinlinepipeindustry.Thetechnologicaldevelopmentin weldingprocesses,useofmicroalloying elementinsteel,and thermomechanical controlprocess(TMCP)haveenabledtheindustryinproducinghigh-strengthsteels, thereforemovingtolow-carbonsteelswithhighstrengthaswellasweldability. Thishasfurtherhelpedinreducingthespecificsteelconsumptioninoilandgas transportation.Thecurrentfocusonlesswallthicknessatstrengthlevelleadstothe useofX80andX100gradesofsteel[1–4].
MechanicalandcorrosionpropertiesofAPIX70areimprovedbytheadditionof alloyingandcontrolofparametersonTMCP,suchassoakingtemperature,rolling temperature,finishingtemperature,coolingrate,andcoolinginterrupttemperature [5–15].Sulfidestresscracking(SSC)isakindofhydrogen-relatedproblemof linepipesteelsfortransportationofcrudeoilandnaturalgascontaininghydrogen sulfide.Thedemandforhigh-strengthsteelforlinepipewithsourgasresistance hasincreased.Manufacturingthiskindofsteelpiperequiresastrictsteel-making practiceandacontrolledthermomechanicalschedulewithanadditionalaccelerated coolingprocedure.ItiswellknownthattheAPIX70steelissusceptibletocorrosion insolutionscontainingNaClandH2 S[16–19].Hydrogenuptakedecreasesthe tensilepropertiessuchasyieldstrength,ultimatestrength,andelongation[20] andcausescrackingknownashydrogen-inducedcracking(HIC).Withtheaimof improvingSSCresistanceofAPIX70steel,varioustechniquesduringsteel-making processesarerequiredsuchasadditionofproperalloyingelements,microstructure control,highcleanness,andCatreatment[1, 9–11, 21–24].
Amongvarioustypesofmicrostructure,acicularferritehasbeenknownasthe optimummicrostructurewhichhasexcellentcombinationofhighstrengthand goodtoughness,mainlyduetoitsrelativelyhighdensityofdislocationsandfinegrainednature[25–28].However,judiciousselectionofmicroalloyingelementsand optimizationofprocessparametersisessentialtoobtaintherequiredmicrostructure [29].Thecoarseferritegrainsandtherelativelylowdislocationdensityenhanced hydrogenbuildupinthestress-concentratedzoneaheadofthecracktip,facilitating decohesionandcrackingofparticlesinthiszone[30, 31].Therefore,mostof theAPIX70toX100gradeslinepipesteelsutilizetheacicularferritestructure toobtainthebalancedpropertiesrequiredforlinepipeapplications.However, acicularferriteinlinepipesteelsnucleatedmainlyatnucleationsitesofdislocation substructureswithindeformedaustenitegrain,unlikethebainite,whichnucleatedat grainboundaryofaustenite.Increasedacicularferritecontentinthemicrostructure improvedHICresistanceandSSCresistance,whilebainiteandmartensite/austenite constituentsareharmfulfortheresistanceinsourenvironments[14, 32].Thesteels withafine-grained,bainite-ferritestructurepossessamuchbettercombination
ofstrengthandSCCresistancethanthosewithaferrite C pearlitestructure.An increaseinthepearlitecontentinthemicrostructurehasadetrimentaleffectonthe SCCresistanceoflinepipesteelswithaferrite C pearlitestructure[33].
Becauseishasgreaterrequirementsforweldinghigh-strengthsteels,suchasX80 andX100,itproposedtoobtainasteelofequalorhigherstrengththanX80froman APIX70steelbyapplyinganonconventionalheattreatmentinordertoachievethe acicularferrite-dominatedmicrostructure.
1.2Experimental
ThematerialusedinthepresentstudywasAPI5LX70pipewithanoutside diameterof740mmandawallthicknessof11.35mm.Thechemicalcomposition ofthissteelisshowninTable 1.1.Specimensof 70 mm 150 mmwereheat-treated at1050 ı Cfor30minandcooledinwaterorair.Heat-treatedandas-receivedplates weremachinedindogboneshapeaccordingtoASTMA370[34]fortensiletesting. ImpacttestwithCharpyV-notchspecimens(CVN 10 mm 10 mm 55 mm)was carriedoutat0 ı CaccordingtoASTME23[35].
Microhardnessmeasurementswereconductedintheas-receivedsteelandin theheat-treatedsamples.Theas-receivedsteelwasetchedfor15sin2.5%nital. Microstructuralanalysiswascarried outbyoptical(OM)andscanningelectron microscopy(SEM).
1.3ResultsandDiscussion
Figure 1.1 showsthemicrostructureoftheAPIX70steelinthedifferentconditions: as-received,nonconventionalheat-treatedwater-cooled,andheat-treatedair-cooled. Intheas-receivedmaterial,Fig. 1.1ashowsamicrostructurecharacterizedby polygonalferritegrains(F)andperlitebands(P),typicalofthistypeofsteel.
Figure 1.1bshowsamicrostructurecomposed offineacicularferrite(AF)and bainite(B)whichwastheresultofthenonconventionalheattreatmentwhenthe samplewascooledrapidlywithwater.
ThistypeofmicrostructureispreferredtoreducethesusceptibilitytoSCC,as reportedbyreferences[32, 33].Figure 1.1crevealsthatwhenthesteelwascooled
Table1.1 ChemicalcompositionofX70steel(wt.%)
Fig.1.1 OpticalimagesofthemicrostructureofAPIX70steel:(a)as-received,(b)heat-treated water-cooled,and(c)heat-treatedair-cooled.F,ferrite(grayphase);P,perlite(darkphase);AF, acicularferrite;andB,Bainite
moreslowly,themicrostructureissimilartotheoneobtainedbyanormalizing heattreatment:polygonalferriteandperliteareaswithlongergrainsizethanthe as-receivedmaterial.
Figure 1.2 showsthestress-straincurvesobtainedfromAPIX70withand withoutheattreatment.Tensilepropertiesandimpactresultsaresummarizedin Table 1.2 alongwithimpactresults.
Theresultsobtainedbytensiletestsshowthatheattreatmentwithwatercoolingleadstohighertensilestrengthasisreportedby[1–4].Althoughductility decreased,ithasbeenreportedthatthemicrostructureofacicularferriteandbainite obtainedwiththenonconventionalheattreatmentisresistanttoSCC[33]butnot forsourenvironments[14, 32].Accordingtotheliterature,fortheimpacttest, theminimumimpactenergyrequirementsforadesignfactorof0.625is48J [36];inthepresentwork,itwas60Jofenergyabsorbed.Inthefracturesurfaces analyzedbySEM,itisevidentthatbothspecimensexhibitedakindofductile fracture,sincetheyshowedmicro-plasticdeformation,nucleation,andcoalescence ofmicrovoidsaroundnonmetallicinclusions(Fig. 1.3a).Theseinclusionswere
Elongation(%)
Fig.1.2 Stress-elongationcurvesforAPIX70steel
Table1.2 SummaryofmechanicalpropertiesobtainedforAPIX70steelwithandwithout heattreatment
UTS ultimatetensilestrength, YS yieldstrength, RUPTURE fracturestressorrupturestrength, EL elongation, EA energyabsorbed
identifiedbyenergy-dispersiveX-rayspectroscopy(EDX),attachedtotheSEM,as wellasiron-manganesesulfides.Figure 1.3dshowstheEDXspectracorresponding totheseinclusions.TheinclusionsaremainlycomposedbyFe,Mn,S,Mg,andCa. Theseelementscanform(Fe,Mn)S,MnS,andglobularinclusionsorFe-Mn-Sas reportedinliterature[37].
ThelimitsofhardnessrecommendedforavoidingSSCareintherangeof20–30 HRC(240–250Hv),butthe22HRCanditsequivalentintheotherhardnessscale isthemorecommonreportedbythestandard[36].Althoughthelimitsofhardness arenotalwaysaneffectiveguidefortheselectionofmaterial,theselimitsarethe morecommonrequirementsfortheline-pipesinsourservice.Theresultsofthe hardnessmeasurementsobtainedarepresentedinFig. 1.4.Hardnessobtainedfrom heat-treatedwater-cooledsamplesincreasedinarangeof280–310Hv.Fortheroom temperature-cooledspecimen,thehardnessdecreasedfrom180to200Hv,andfor theas-receivedspecimen,itshardnesswas200–220Hv.
Fig.1.3 SEMmicrographsobtainedfromfracturedsampleswater-cooledbytensiletest,(a) showsthetypicalfractureductile,(b and c)showsaglobularinclusion,and(d)X-raycompositionalspectrumofinclusionsisshowedin(c)
Fig.1.4 Hardness measurementsinas-received andheat-treatedAPIX70 steel
1.4Conclusions
HeattreatmentappliedtoanAPI5LX70pipesteelto1050 ı Cfor30minfollowing water-coolingyieldsacicularferriteandbainitemicrostructurewithmechanical strength250MPahigherthanas-receivedsteel.Althoughhardnessincreasedwith heat-treating,theaveragevalueisbelowthepermissiblelimitforservice.Theresults obtainedwiththenonconventionalheattreatmentyieldsimilarpropertiesasAPI 5LX120steel.However,thehighhardnessofthissteelpreventsitsusewithsour hydrocarbons.Thefindingsofthisstudyimplythatispossibletoreducethewall thicknessoflinepipestotransportsweetcrudeoil.
Acknowledgements TheauthorswouldliketothankCONACYTforsponsoringthepostdoctorate stayofC.Natividadandfinancialsupportofthisinvestigation.
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CorrosionInhibitionofX52PipelineSteel inChlorideSolutionsUsingNonionicSurfactant
L.M.Quej,A.Contreras,andJ.Aburto
Abstract TwoconcentrationsofNPE-4nonionicsurfactantandcorrosioninhibitor (CI)commerciallyavailablewereaddedtoNaCl(2.45%and3%)andoceanwater solutions(OWS)inordertostudythecorrosionprocessofAPIX52pipeline steel.CorrosioninhibitionofX52pipelinesteelinchloridesolutionswasevaluated byusingelectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy(EIS)andpotentiodynamic polarizationcurves.EISanalysesshowedthat3%NaClwasthemorecorrosive solutionforX52steel.AddingCIto3%NaClsolutionimprovesthecorrosion resistanceofX52steel;however,addingCItoOWS,thecorrosioncontrolofX52 steelwasmoreevidentpreventingthepitting,saltsembedding,andcorrosionunder deposits.X52steelexposuretosolutionsaddingsurfactantascorrosioninhibitor afterhavingbeenevaluatedthroughpolarizationcurvesdisplayedlowcorrosion rates(0.88mm/year).Standardfreeenergycalculationsuggestedthatsurfactantis adsorbedphysicallyintotheX52steelsurface.Meanwhile,itwasobservedthatCI wasmoredifficulttoadsorbonX52steelsurface,andconsequentlycorrosionwas higherthanaddingsurfactanttochloridesolutions.
Keywords X52steel•Surfactant•Corrosion inhibitor•Polarizationcurves• Electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy(EIS)
2.1Introduction
Inoilindustry,theinternalcleaningofpipelinesiscarriedoutusingacidenvironmentlikeinhibitedHCl[1–4].Thistypeofsolutioniswidelyrecommendedas thecheapestwaytodissolvedepositofcarbonatecompoundsinsidethepipelines andincludesasurfactantthatactsasanadditivecapableofinhibitingthecorrosive effectofHCl.Migahedetal.studiedtheinhibitionprocessofinternalcorrosion ofpipelinesusingnonionicsurfactantsinthepresenceof1MHClsolution[1].
L.M.Quej( )•A.Contreras•J.Aburto
InstitutoMexicanodelPetróleo,EjeCentralLázaroCárdenasNorte152, Col.SanBartoloAtepehuacan,C.P.07730México,Mexico
e-mail: lquej@imp.mx
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 R.PérezCamposetal.(eds.), CharacterizationofMetals andAlloys,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-31694-9_2
Migahed’sworkssuggestedthatsurfactantsactasgoodcorrosioninhibitorsusing lowconcentrationsandtheadsorptionofsurfactantmoleculesonsteelincreases withincreasingthetensioactivemolecularsizethanforhighconcentrationsand lowmolecularsize.Anotherworkevaluatedthecorrosioninhibitionofmildsteel usingnonionicsurfactantsinthepresenceof0.05MNaClsolutionwithrotating cylinderelectrodeat1000rpm[5].Thisworkreportedthatthesurfactantisadsorbed onmetalsurfacesactingasacorrosioninhibitor.However,theinhibitoryaction dependssignificantlyfromthecriticalmicellarconcentration(CMC)[6, 7].Another studycharacterizedtheprotectiveeffectofcationicsurfactantsoncarbonsteel surfacesinthepresenceof1MHCl[8].
Theresultsofthisstudyrevealedthattherealandimaginaryimpedanceresponse washigherwithincreasingthedosageofsurfactant.However,theelectricaldouble layercapacitancevalueshavenegativeeffectswhenthesurfactantconcentration isincreased,duetotheadsorptionofsurfactantmoleculesonmetalsurface.Itis importanttomentionthatothers’worksconsideredtheuseofanionic,cationic,and nonioniccompoundsthatinhibitthesteelcorrosionprocessinacidsolutions[9–12]. Moreover,theoilrecoveryinMéxicoiseverytimemoredifficultduetoheavyand extra-heavypetroleumproduction.Inaddition,thedepositedsediment,solids,and saltsdissolvedcanprovoketheincreaseoftheviscosityinthepetroleum.
Theproductionofheavyandextra-heavyoilpresentsimportantchallengesthat requiresignificanttechnologicaldevelopmentsintheoilindustry.Also,thehigh viscosityofthepetroleumcanprovokecorrosionbyerosion.Itiswellknown thatsurfactantsareusedforreducingtheviscosityintheheavyandextra-heavy petroleum[13, 14].Thus,thesurfactantdosageintoheavypetroleumisableto improveitsfluidityandeasytransportation.Inthisway,thechemicalpropertiesof nonionicNPE-4surfactanthavebeenappliedinheavyandextra-heavypetroleum production[13].Accordingtopreviouslydescribed,theelectrochemicalstudyof surfactantsanditsinhibitorypropertiesincontactwithsalts,likechloridesolutions orcarbonatecompoundsthatarefoundinsidethepipelineduringtheheavyand extra-heavypetroleumproductionandcanberelatedtotheembeddingorcorrosion underdepositsgeneratedontheinternalpipelinesurface,isofgreatinterest.
Inthepresentwork,inhibitionofX52pipelinesteelcorrosioninthepresence ofoceanwaterandtwoconcentrationsofNaClsolutionsaswellastwodosagesof nonionicNPE-4surfactantandcorrosioninhibitor(CI)commerciallyavailablewas studied.Tocarryoutthisstudy,theelectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy(EIS) andpotentiodynamicpolarizationcurveswereproposedbecauseofitsusefulness andtherewasconsiderationtostudythecorrosionprocessinshorttime.First,the EIScharacterizationofthepipelinesteelwasperformedinanaqueoussolution mainlycomposedofoceanwatersolution(OWS)andtwoconcentrationsofNaCl asablank.EISanalysiswascarriedoutusingequivalentcircuits,whereitispossible todiscussthemodificationsoftheEISdiagramswiththepresenceofdifferent stepsoccurringsimultaneously.Basedonpolarizationcurves,theadsorptionand inhibitionpropertieswereevaluated.Theelectrochemicalbehaviorwasrelatedto themodificationofthestepsinvolvedinthecorrosionprocessofthepipelinesteel inthechloridesolutions,obtaininggoodinhibitorypropertiesforthesurfactant.
2.2Experimental
2.2.1SteelUsed(Electrode)
ArodfromX52pipelinesteelwith0.5cm2 ofexposurearealikeworkingelectrode (WE)wasused.Rodgraphiteasanauxiliaryelectrode(AE)andasaturatedcalomel electrode(SCE)asareferenceelectrodewereused.Inallmetalliccoupons(WE), theexposedsurfaceswerepreparedbymechanicalgrindingwithupto600-grit water-cooledSiCpaperssoastoobtainareproduciblesurfaceandsubsequently cleanedinanultrasonicbathfor1mininacetone.Nominalchemicalcomposition ofX52pipelinesteelisshowninTable 2.1
2.2.2TestSolutions
TheNaClcorrosivesolutionstestswerepreparedasfollow:2.45gand3.0gofNaCl wereweighedanddissolvedin1000mLofdeionizedwater.OWSwasprepared accordingtoASTMD1141standard[15].Fortheelectrochemicalevaluation, aconstantvolumeof100mLofeachblankwasused.Theformerdissolution ofnonionicsurfactantandCIcommerciallyavailablewaspreparedinisopropyl alcoholtoreach30,000mg/L(solutionA).Inthisway,solutionAwasusedto prepare30and60mg/Lofeachmolecule.Theelectronicstructure,mesoscopic simulations,andanalyticalcharacterizationofNPE-4moleculewerereportedin previouswork[13].
2.2.3ElectrochemicalEvaluations
Allelectrochemicalcharacterizationswerecarriedout inanelectrochemicalcell withthree-electrodearrangement.Electrochemicaltestingwasperformedina potentiostat-galvanostatAUTOLABmodelPGSTAT30atopen-circuitpotential (OCP).TheEIStestswereobtainedusing10mVofperturbationand10kHzto 10mHzoffrequencyafter1hofexposureofworkingelectrodeat30ı Cand600rpm inthecorrosivesolutions.Potentiodynamicpolarizationcurvesweremeasuredby potentialscanningfrom ˙300 mVvs.OCPatasweeprateof1mV/s.
Table2.1 ChemicalcompositionoftheAPIX52pipelinesteel(wt%)
2.3ResultsandDiscussion
2.3.1Electrode
TheelectrodesusedintheelectrochemicalevaluationsweremachinedfromAPI X52pipelinesteel.Thissteelhasthemicrostructuretypicaloflow-carbonsteels, whichconsistedofperlite(darkgrains)andferrite.Theaveragegrainsizeinthis steelwasaround10–20 masisshowninFig. 2.1.Low-carbonsteelstendtohave aferrite-perlitestructurecontaining littleperliteinthegrainboundaries mainly.
2.3.2ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy(EIS)
NyquistplotsforX52steelexposedtothethreesolutionsareshowninFig. 2.2. Significantchangestowardlowrealandimaginaryimpedancevaluesareobserved intheprofileobtainedin3%NaCl.Meanwhile,OWSshowedanincreasein impedancevalues.Inaddition,thepresenceofinductiveloopatlowfrequencies isobtainedinallelectrolytes.
Recently,itwasreportedthattheinductivebehaviorcanberelatedtothe adsorptionoftheneutralizingamineson1018steelsurface[16].Inthepresentstudy, thisbehaviorisassociatedwiththepittingcorrosionandmetallicdissolutionofX52 pipelinesteelbychlorideenvironments.Asafirstapproachforfittingtheimpedance diagramsshowninFig. 2.2,aRandlesequivalentcircuitwasusedomittingthe
Fig.2.1 TypicalmicrostructureofAPIX52steel
Fig.2.2 NyquistdiagramsofX52steelexposedtothreechloridesolutionsobtainedafter1h,at 30 ı Cand600rpm
inductiveresponseandusingBoukampprogram[17].Thisequivalentcircuitis relatedtothecorrosionmechanismoccurringatthedifferentinterfacesinvolving solutionresistance(Rs ),corrosionproductproperties(Rcp and Ccp ),chargetransfer resistanceassociatedwithX52steeloxidation(Rct ),andcapacitancecontributionof theelectricaldoublelayer(Cedl )onX52steel/chloridesolutioninterfaceasisshown inTable 2.2.Thecapacitancevalueswereevaluatedfromconstantphaseelement (CPE: Qi ,specifically Y0i ),usingtheequationreportedinpreviouswork[18].
Theionicconductivityofthechloridesolutionsintheabsenceofsurfactant andCIissimilar(Rs 10 cm2 ).Ithadbeenestablishedthatanincreaseinthe pseudocapacitancevaluescanberelatedwiththedecreaseofresistanceproperties andtheformationofironoxideswithaporousandnon-protectivenatureonthe metalsurface[19].Inthismanner,thepseudocapacitancevalues(C )obtainedfor 3%NaClcanberelatedtotheformationofmoreactiveironoxidesonX52steel surfacethanX52exposedto2.45%NaClandOWS.Thisbehaviorisinagreement withthequalitativeanalysisofNyquistdiagramsshowedinFig. 2.2.Besides,itcan becorroboratedthattheporousnatureofthecorrosionproductsformedontheX52 steelinchloridesolutionsgiven n values(n < 1).The Ecorr valuesforeachsystem wereasfollows: 0:610 Vvs.SCEfor3%NaCl, 569 Vvs.SCEfor2.45%NaCl, and 0:567 Vvs.SCEforOWScorroboratingthat3%NaClsolutionwasmore activetothecorrosionprocess.
Thepresenceofsurfactanteliminated theinductiveloopassociatedtopitting corrosionandmetallicdissolutionofX52steelexposedtochlorideenvironments. Thus,abeneficialeffectof60mg/LnonionicNPE-4surfactantin2.45%NaCl (Fig. 2.3a)and30mg/LnonionicNPE-4surfactantin3%NaCl(Fig. 2.3b)was
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B Les Troubadours. 8vo. Paris, 1857.
B Histoire des Beni-Zeiyan, Rois de Tlemcen 8vo Paris, 1887
B Recherches sur les Colonies Phéniciennes. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
B Tlemcen 8vo Paris, 1859
B Monfort et les Albigeois. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1840.
B S -H Du Bouddhisme 8vo Paris, 1855
B S -H Mahomet et le Coran. 8vo. Paris, 1865.
B La Poësie Arabe Anté-Islamique 12mo Paris, 1880
B Histoire de l’Art Monumental. 8vo. Paris, 1860.
B Histoire du Luxe 4 vols 8vo Paris, 1880
B L’Art Byzantin. 8vo. Paris.
B —Histoire de la Sicile sous la Domination des Normands 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1846
B Histoire des Basques. 8vo. Paris, 1867.
B —Les Juifs en France, Italie, et Espagne 8vo Paris, 1861
B Du Régime des Fiefs Militaires dans l’Islamisme. 8vo. Paris, 1870.
B Les Femmes Troubadours. 8vo. Paris, 1890.
B L’Arabie avant Mahomet. 8vo. Paris, 1883.
B Les Origines de l’Alchimie. 8vo. Paris, 1885.
B Médecine et Hygiène des Arabes. 8vo. Paris.
B L’Astronomie Indienne et Chinoise. 8vo. Paris, 1862.
B Histoire de la Corse 8vo Marseille, 1878
B Malte Ancienne et Moderne. 3 vols. 8vo. 1809.
B —L’Art Byzantin 4to Paris, 1885
B Deux Poëtes Anté-Islamiques. 8vo. Paris, 1867.
B —Les Arts Arabes 4to Paris
B Traité des Droits Seigneureaux. 4to. Toulouse, 1751.
B -W —Histoire des Langues Romanes. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1841.
B Essai sur Le Veda 8vo Paris, 1863
C Civilité Musulmane. 12mo. Alger, 1889.
C Histoire de France au Moyen Age 4 vols 8vo Bruxelles, 1843
C Histoire Philosophique des Juifs. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1839.
C Histoire de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne 3 vols 12mo Paris, 1765
C Mélange de la Littérature Orientale. 12mo. Paris, 1786.
C Histoire de Languedoc Folio Tolose, 1633
C Histoire des Comtes de Tolose. Folio. Tolose, 1623.
C P Essai sur l’Histoire des Arabes avant l’Islamisme 3 vols 8vo Paris, 1847
C B Histoire des Basques. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1847.
C S —Essai sur l’Histoire de Portugal 8vo Bruxelles
C Recherches Historiques sur les Maures. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1787.
C —Histoire de la Lutte des Papes 4 vols 8vo Paris, 1841
C Le Talmud de Babylone. 8vo. Leipzig. 1831.
C -D —De l’Influence des Croisades. 8vo. Paris, 1809.
C Esquisse Historique de la Musique Arabe. 4to.
C Histoire des Mores Mudejares et des Morisques. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1846.
C -B Aperçu Général sur l’Égypte 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1840
C Traité de la Versification Arabe. 8vo. Leipzig, 1875.
C Le Judaïsme. 8vo. Paris, 1877.
D —Histoire des Sciences Médicales 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1870.
D La Vie Arabe. 8vo. Paris.
D —Histoire des Faïences Hispano-Moresques. 8vo. Paris, 1861.
D Les Arts Décoratifs en Espagne 8vo Paris, 1879
D Notice sur les Cuirs de Cordoue. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
D Origines de la Porcelaine en Europe 4to Paris, 1882
D Histoire de l’Astronomie Ancienne. 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1817.
D Vie de Mahomet 8vo Paris, 1874
D ’I Des Talismans. 12mo. Paris, 1636.
D Chroniques et Traditions Provençales 8vo Toulon, 1831
D P Histoire de la Guerre contre les Albigeois. 8vo. Paris, 1833.
D Histoire du Commerce entre le Levant et l’Europe 2 vols 8vo 1830
D Les Juifs dans le Moyen Age. 8vo. Paris, 1834.
D R —Les Parias de France et d’Espagne 8vo Paris, 1876
D S Chrestomatie Arabe. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1826.
D S —Mémoires sur l’Histoire des Arabes avant Mahomet 4to Paris.
D S Histoire de l’Art Judaïque. 8vo. Paris, 1858.
D —Arabie. 8vo. Paris, 1847.
D’H Bibliothèque Orientale. 6 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1773.
D Les Trouvères Artésiens. 8vo. Paris, 1843.
D Les Albigeois. 8vo. Paris, 1879.
D Essai sur l’Histoire de l’Islamisme. 8vo. Leyde, 1879.
D Glossaire des Mots Espagnols et Portugais dérivés de l’Arabe. 8vo Leyde, 1869
D Histoire des Musulmans d’Espagne. 4 vols. 8vo. Leyde, 1861.
D Le Cid. 8vo. Leyde, 1860.
D —Notices sur Quelques Manuscrits 8vo Leyde, 1847
D Recherches sur l’Histoire et la Littérature de l’Espagne pendant le Moyen Age. 2 vols. 8vo. Leyde, 1860.
D —Histoire de l’Horlogerie. 4to. Paris, 1849.
D Histoire des Philosophes Musulmans. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
D Traité de Médecine d’Abou Djafar. 8vo. Paris, 1853.
D Le Moyen Age Médical 12mo Paris, 1880
E L’Hellenisme en France. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1869.
E -B Description de l’Afrique Septentrionale 8vo Paris, 1859
F Le Troubadour. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1843.
F Histoire de la Gaule Méridionale 4 vols 8vo Paris, 1836
F Histoire de la Poësie Provençale. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1846.
F Histoire Générale d’Espagne 10 vols 4to Paris, 1744
F Histoire de la Musique. 5 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1869.
F L’Alchimie et les Alchimistes 12mo Paris, 1856
F Histoire Ecclésiastique. 6 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1844.
F et H Histoire des Drogues Végétales 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1878
F Conquête de l’Afrique par les Arabes. 2 vols. 4to. 1875.
F Les Berbères 2 vols 4to Paris, 1875
F La Kabbale. 8vo. Paris, 1843.
F Les Juifs Algériens 8vo Paris, 1865
F Lettre sur l’Histoire des Arabes avant l’Islamisme. 8vo. Paris, 1836.
G —La Vie de Mahomet 12mo Amsterdam, 1732
G T Mémoire sur les Noms Propres et les Titres Musulmans. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
G —Célibat et les Célibataires 12mo Paris, 1889
G Histoire de la Verrerie. 8vo. Tours, 1886.
G —Les Femmes et les Mœurs d’Algérie. 12mo. Paris.
G Histoire de Provence. 2 vols. Folio. Aix, 1694.
G ’A —Histoire des Conquêtes des Normands en Italie, en Sicile, et en Grèce. 8vo. Paris, 1830.
G Le Préservatif de l’Erreur. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
G P —Essai sur l’Architecture des Arabes et des Maures. 4to. Paris, 1842.
G Le Culte des Ancêtres chez les Arabes 8vo Paris, 1885
G Les Juifs d’Espagne. 8vo. Paris, 1872.
G L Les Arabes en Espagne 8vo Paris, 1824
G La Médecine à travers les Siècles. 8vo. Paris, 1865.
G Collection des Mémoires relatifs à l’Histoire de la France 31 vols 8vo Paris, 1824
G Histoire de la Civilisation en France. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1846.
G —La Civilisation Musulmane 12mo Paris, 1884
G Théorie de la Métrique Arabe. 8vo. Paris.
—— Histoire des Papes 10 vols 8vo Paris, 1844
H Histoire de la Chimie. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris.
H —Histoire des Mathématiques. 12mo. Paris, 1874.
H L’Avesta. 8vo. Paris, 1880.
H -B —Histoire Diplomatique de Frédéric II. 4to. Paris, 1859.
H -B La Vie de Pierre de la Vigne. 8vo. Paris, 1865
I - -A Le Livre de l’Agriculture. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1866.
I - -B Traité des Simples 3 vols 4to Paris, 1877
I -H Description de Palerme au X Siècle. 8vo. Paris, 1845.
I -K Histoire des Berbères 4 vols 8vo Alger, 1856
J Curiosités de l’Histoire du Moyen Age. 12mo. Paris, 1859.
J Histoire de la Corse 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1833
J Histoire de la Chimie. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1891.
J P Voyage en Espagne. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1891.
J —Études sur l’Arabie 8vo Paris, 1839
L B Le Coran Analysé. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
L —Le Droit du Seigneur 8vo Paris, 1878
L Mœurs et Usages au Moyen Age. 8vo. Paris, 1878.
L —Sciences et Lettres au Moyen Age. Folio. Paris, 1877.
L Historial du Jongleur. 8vo. Paris, 1829.
L P —Les Arabes en Sicile et en Italie. 8vo. Paris, 1867.
L R Voyage dans l’Arabie Heureuse. 12mo. Paris, 1725.
L —Histoire du Bas Empire. 13 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1820.
L B La Civilisation des Arabes. 8vo. Paris, 1884.
L Histoire Secrète des Couvents. 12mo. Bruxelles.
L Abul Casis 8vo Paris, 1874
L Histoire de la Médecine Arabe. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1876.
L La Satire en France au Moyen Age 8vo Paris, 1877
L La Grande Grèce. 12mo. Paris, 1881.
L La Divination 8vo Paris, 1875
L Les Premières Civilisations. 8vo. Paris, 1874.
L La Grèce et l’Orient en Provence 12mo Paris, 1878
L La Kabylie et les Coutumes Kabyles. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1872.
L Essai Philosophique sur le Monachisme 12mo Paris, 1777
L Histoire de l’Inquisition d’Espagne. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1817.
L -L —Basques et Navarrais 8vo Paris, 1878
L Documents sur le Cid. 8vo. Paris, 1860.
M —Les Prêtres et les Moines à travers les Ages 8vo Paris, 1857
M Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks. 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1837.
M —Traité des Monnaies Musulmanes. 8vo. Paris.
M Histoire de la Langue Romane. 8vo. Paris, 1840.
M —Moines et Nonnes 12mo Paris, 1881
M L’Afrique. 3 vols. 4to. Paris, 1667.
M —Les Signes Numéraux chez les Peuples de l’Antiquité et du Moyen Age. 4to. Rome, 1864.
M La Piété du Moyen Age. 8vo. Paris, 1855.
M L Histoire de l’Isle de Chypre. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1855.
M L Traités de Paix des Arabes du Moyen Age Folio Paris, 1866
M Croyances et Légendes de l’Antiquité. 8vo. Paris, 1863.
M Essai sur les Légendes Pieuses du Moyen Age 8vo Paris, 1843
M Histoire des Religions de la Grèce Antique. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1857.
M La Magie et l’Astrologie 12mo Paris, 1860
M Zoroastre. 8vo. Paris, 1857.
M La Vie au Temps des Cours d’Amour 8vo Paris, 1876
M La Vie au Temps des Trouvères. 8vo. Paris.
M Histoire de Don Pedro I 12mo Paris, 1865
M Histoire des Croisades. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1867.
M —Histoire de France 19 vols 8vo Paris, 1870
M Histoire des Races Maudites de la France et de l’Espagne. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1847.
M —Le Pays Basque 8vo Paris, 1859
M Histoire de Malte. 2 vols. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1841.
M —-Histoire Littéraire des Troubadours. 3 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1774.
M Histoire de Sardaigne. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1825.
M -I -D Voyage en Sicile. 8vo. Paris, 1846.
M S -Y Histoire des Comtes de Toulouse. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris
M Histoire des Mathématiques. 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1758.
M Légendes Historiques Siciliennes. 8vo. Palermo, 1890.
N —Description de l’Arabie 4to Paris, 1779
O Des Effets de la Religion de Mohammed. 8vo. Paris, 1810.
P —Histoire de la Soie 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1862
P Femmes Arabes. 8vo. Paris, 1858.
P —Histoire des Antiquités de la Ville de Nismes. 8vo. Nismes, 1842.
P Histoire des Albigeois 3 vols 8vo Paris, 1870
P La Religion des pré-Israélites. 8vo. Utrecht, 1862.
P Voyage en Barbarie 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1789
P ’A La Décoration Arabe. Folio. Paris, 1885.
Q Le Droit Musulman 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1871
R Histoire Générale de l’Architecture. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1859.
R Extraits des Historiens Arabes relatifs aux Croisades 8vo Paris, 1829
R L’Art Militaire chez les Arabes au Moyen Age. 8vo. Paris, 1848.
R Les Invasions des Sarrasins en France 8vo Paris
R Monumens Arabes, Persans, et Turcs. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1828.
R —Notice sur Mahomet 8vo Paris, 1860
R Relation des Voyages dans l’Inde. 2 vols. 18mo. Paris, 1845.
R —Averroes et l’Averroïsme 8vo Paris, 1852
R Dictionnaire des Fiefs et des Droits Seigneureaux. 4to. Paris, 1765.
R Histoire de la Médecine. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1846.
R Histoire d’Espagne. 9 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1839.
R Les Irrigations. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1888.
R La Papauté au Moyen Age. 8vo. Paris, 1881.
R S -H Histoire d’Espagne. 14 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1859.
S Notice sur Gerbert. 8vo. Paris, 1850.
S -P —Histoire Littéraire des Troubadours 3 vols 12mo Paris, 1774.
S Essai sur les Écoles Philosophiques chez les Arabes. 8vo Paris, 1842
S Le Bouddhisme et ses Origines. 8vo. Paris, 1874.
S L’Islam et son Fondateur 8vo Neuchatel, 1844
S Histoire Générale des Arabes. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1877.
S Matériaux pour servir à l’Histoire Complète des Sciences Mathématiques chez les Orientaux 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1845
S Mémoire sur les Systèmes Géographiques des Arabes. 8vo. Paris, 1842.
S Prolégomènes des Tables Astronomiques d’Oloug Beg 8vo Paris, 1853
S Traité des Instruments Astronomiques des Arabes. 4to. Paris, 1833.
S —Histoire de la Littérature du Midi de Europe 4 vols 8vo Paris, 1829.
S Républiques Italiennes du Moyen Age. 10 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1840.
S Description du Pays de Magreb. 8vo. Alger, 1839.
T Histoire des Chérifs. 4to. Paris, 1667.
V Histoire Critique de l’École d’Alexandrie. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1846.
V Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers 5 vols 8vo Amsterdam, 1732
V Histoire des Arabes et des Mores d’Espagne. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1857.
V Scènes des Mœurs Arabes 8vo Paris, 1834
V Histoire de Gregoire VII. 8vo. Paris, 1874.
V Tableau de la Littérature au Moyen Age 8vo Paris, 1878
V Études sur la Loi Musulmane Législation Criminelle. 8vo. Paris, 1842.
W —L’Algèbre d’Omar Al-Khayymi 8vo Paris, 1857
W Mémoire sur la Propagation des Chiffres Indiens. 8vo. Paris, 1863.
W —Recherches sur l’Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques chez les Orientaux. 8vo. Paris, 1860.
W Sur l’Introduction de l’Arithmétique en Occident 4to Paris, 1859
Z Les Colliers d’Or. 8vo. Paris, 1876.
Z Entretiens sur l’Histoire du Moyen Age 12mo Paris, 1865
Z Histoire d’Allemagne. 7 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1872.
SPANISH.
A Anales de Aragon 2 vols Folio Salamanca, 1684
A Varias Antigüedades de España. 4to. Amberes, 1614.
A Inscripciones Arabes de Granada 4to Granada, 1877
A S Las Siete Partidas. 3 vols. 4to. Madrid, 1807.
A Tradiciones Vasco-Cántabras 8vo Tolosa, 1866
A M Nobleza de Andalucia. Folio. Sevilla, 1581.
A Nuevos Paseos por Granada 2 vols 12mo Granada, 1820
B Ultimos Sucesos del Reino de Granada. 8vo. Madrid, 1868.
B Historia de los Trovadores 6 vols 8vo Madrid, 1878
B Los Reyes Catolicos. 2 vols. 8vo. Madrid, 1894.
B Historia de los Reyes Catolicos 2 vols 4to Sevilla, 1870
B Coronica de los Moros de España. Folio. Valencia, 1618.
B —Xativa 8vo 1857
C De la Agricultura Española. 16mo. Valladolid, 1868.
C —Antigüedades de Sevilla Folio Sevilla, 1634
C Discursos Historicos sobre Murcia. Folio. Murcia, 1775.
C —Ensayo Historico sobre los diversos generos de Architectura en España. 8vo. Madrid, 1848.
C Cronica de Don Alvaro de Luna. Folio. Madrid, 1784.
C —Historia de los Arabes en Murcia. 8vo. Palma, 1845.
C Z Tratado de Numismatica Arabigo-Española. 4to. Madrid, 1879.
C —Historia de Segovia. Folio. Madrid, 1640.
C Historia de la Dominacion de los Arabes en España. 2 vols. 4to Madrid, 1820
C Monumentos Arabes. 4to. Madrid, 1878. Cronicas de los Reyes de Castilla 3 vols 8vo Madrid, 1875
D Historia del Reyno Balearico. 3 vols. 4to. Palma, 1840.
D C La Expulsion de los Moriscos 8vo Madrid, 1889
D P Anales de Cataluña. 3 vols. Folio. Barcelona, 1709.
D R El Arte Latino-Byzantino 4to Madrid, 1861
D R Historia de los Judios de España. 3 vols. 8vo. Madrid, 1876.
D R Inscripciones Arabes de Cordoba y Sevilla 8vo Madrid, 1879
D R Sevilla Pintoresca. 4to. Sevilla, 1844.
D R —Toledo Pintoresca 4to Madrid, 1845
D V Anales de la Inquisicion. 8vo. Madrid, 1868.
D S —Poesía y Arte de los Arabes en España y Sicilia 3 vols 12mo. Madrid, 1872.
D Historia de los Condes de Barcelona. Folio. Barcelona, 1603.
D —Memorias de Zamora. 4 vols. 8vo. Madrid, 1883.
E Paseos por Granada. 2 vols. 8vo. Granada, 1814.
E —Historia de Valencia. 2 vols. Folio. Valencia, 1610.
F Historia del Cardenal Ximenes. 8vo. Lyons, 1712.
F España Sagrada. 51 vols. 4to. Madrid, 1754.
G Historia de España. 4 vols. 8vo. Madrid, 1844.
G Compendio Historial de las Chronicas. 2 vols. Folio. Barcelona, 1628.
G -M Historia del Rey Don Jayme I de Aragon Folio Valencia, 1584
G Historia de Navarra. 4to. Pamplona, 1628.
G X Memorable Expulsion de los Moriscos de España. 4to. Pamplona, 1613.
H M —Guerra de Granada contra los Moriscos. 4to. 1776.
I -A Descripcion del Reino de Granada 8vo Madrid, 1860
J Condicion Social de los Moriscos de España. 8vo. Madrid, 1857.
J Anales de Jaen y Baeza 4to Matriti, 1654
L -A El Libro del Viajero en Granada. 16mo. Granada, 1843.
L -A Historia de Granada 2 vols 8vo Paris, 1852
L -A Inscripciones Arabes de Granada. 8vo. Madrid, 1859.
L Historia General de España 6 vols 4to Barcelona, 1882
L Los Reyes Nuevos de Toledo. 4to. Valencia, 1698.
M —Cordova 4to Madrid, 1855
M Sevilla y Cadiz. 4to. Madrid, 1856.
M —Historia General de España 2 vols Folio Madrid, 1650
M -C Historia de la Rebelion y Castigo de los Moriscos. 4to. Madrid, 1797.
M R —Obras. 8vo. Paris, 1844.
M Historia Critica de España. 20 vols. 4to. Madrid, 1787.
—— Memorial Histórico Español. 21 vols. 4to. Madrid, 1851–1889.
Memorias de la Real Academia de Historia. 11 vols. 4to. Madrid, 1796–1888.
M -V La Monarchia Asturiana. 4to. Madrid.
M -G Historia de Jerez de la Frontera. 2 vols. 4to. Jerez, 1888
M F De los Trovadores en España. 8vo. Barcelona, 1861.
M Rodrigo el Campeador 4to Madrid, 1857
M Memorias del Rei Alonso el Sabio. Folio. Madrid, 1777.
M Coronica General de España 15 vols 4to Madrid, 1791
M Historia de Ronda. 4to. Ronda, 1867.
M G —Historia del Alzamiento de los Moriscos 12mo Madrid, 1861.
N Chronica de los Reyes Catholicos. Folio. Valladolid, 1565.
N C —Coronica de los Reyes de Castilla. Folio. Madrid, 1665.
O H Tradiciones de Toledo 12mo Madrid, 1880
O -H Granada y sus Monumentos Arabes. 8vo. Malaga, 1875.
O Almeria Ilustrada Folio Almeria, 1699
P Historia Eclesiastica de Granada. Folio. Granada, 1638.
P M Granada 4to Madrid, 1850
R D Museo Español de Antigüedades. 9 vols. Folio. Madrid.
R La Castilla 4to Madrid, 1792
R Historia de Ronda. 16mo. Ronda, 1873.
R Malaga Musulmana 4to Malaga, 1880
R Historia de Toledo. 2 vols. Folio. Madrid, 1659.
S Estudio sobre la Invasion de los Arabes en España 8vo Madrid, 1892
S M Cronica de la Casa de los Ponces de Leon. 4to. 1620.
S M —Cronica del Gran Cardenal de España. Folio. Toledo, 1725.
S Chronica de Don Alonso VII. Folio. Madrid, 1600.
S Historia de los Reyes de Castilla y Leon. Folio. Pamplona, 1634.
S Leyendas Historicas Arabes 8vo Madrid, 1858
T Historia de la Civilizacion Española. 4 vols. 12mo. Madrid, 1840.
T Historia de las Ordenes Militares 4to Madrid 1629
V Monarchia Asturiana. 4to. Madrid.
V Los Euskaros 8vo Barcelona, 1879
V Principios del Reyno de Portugal. 4to. Barcelona.
Z —Anales de Sevilla 5 vols 4to Madrid, 1796
Z Anales de Aragon. 7 vols. Folio. Zaragoza, 1610.
PORTUGUESE.
B —Rainhas de Portugal 2 vols 8vo Lisboa, 1878
B Historia da Poesia Popular Portuguesa. 12mo. Porto, 1867.
B B —Monarchia Lusitana 8 vols Folio Lisboa, 1690
Cancioneirinho de Trovas Antigas. 12mo. Vienna, 1857.
D S —Colecçao de Livros Ineditos de Historia Portuguesa 5 vols. Folio. Lisboa, 1790.
D S Vestigios de la Lingua Arabica em Portugal. 8vo. Lisboa, 1789
E Historia de Portugal. 2 vols. 8vo. Lisboa, 1876.
H Historia da Inquisiçao em Portugal 3 vols 12mo 1874
H Historia de Portugal. 2 vols. 8vo. Lisboa, 1880.
N L Chronicas dos Reis de Portugal 4 vols Lisboa, 1774
ITALIAN
A Italia nel Medio Evo. 8vo. Alba, 1892.
A Codice Diplomatico di Sicilia 6 vols 4to Palermo, 1789
A Biblioteca Arabo-Sicula. 3 vols. 8vo. Torino, 1880.
A I Diplomi Arabi Folio Firenze, 1863
A Ricordi Arabici. 8vo. Genova, 1873.
A Solwan el Mota 12mo Firenze, 1851
A Storia dei Mussulmani di Sicilia. 3 vols. 8vo. Firenze, 1854.
A Un Periode delle Istoriæ Siciliane 8vo Panormo, 1842
B Storia della Letteratura Araba sotto il Califato. 2 vols. 8vo. Firenze, 1846.
B L’Ultimo dei Trovatori in Sicilia 12mo Palermo, 1874
B Gli Arabi in Italia. 8vo. Torino, 1838.
B Opere 2 vols 8vo Lipsiæ, 1830
C Ricerche sui Trovatori. Folio. Modena, 1844.
C —Sardegna e Corsica 8vo Milano, 1877
C I Diplomi Greci ed Arabi. Folio. Palermo, 1868.
D R —Collectio Salernitana 5 vols 8vo Napoli, 1852
F Storia degli Antichi Romanzi di Cavalleria. 4 vols. 8vo. Milano, 1828.
G Opere. 16 vols. 8vo. Firenze, 1853.
G Istoria del Regno di Napoli 8 vols 8vo 1882
G Storia d’ Italia. 6 vols. 8vo. Parigi, 1837.
M Storia di Sardegna 8vo Firenze, 1858
M Storia degli Arabi. 4 vols. 12mo. Venezia, 1753.
M Storia delle Invasioni degli Arabi in Sardegna 8vo Cagliari, 1861
M Descrizione di Palermo Antico. 8vo. Palermo, 1827.
M Annali d’ Italia 17 vols 8vo Milano, 1820
N Il Viaggio Fatto in Spagna et in Francia. 12mo. Venegia, 1563.
N Della Transmutatione Metallica 4to Brescia, 1599
P Usi e Costumi del Popolo Siciliano. 4 vols. 8vo. Palermo, 1889.
T —Il Regime Feudale 8vo Napoli, 1890
T Storia della Letteratura Italiana. 27 vols. 8vo. Venezia, 1824.
V —Dei Primordi della Invasione Araba 8vo 1882
GERMAN
Die Alte Arabische Gedichte. 8vo. Greifswald, 1872.
A —Poësie der Araber 4to Gotha, 1856
A Provenzalische Inedita. 8vo. Leipzig, 1890.
A —Geschichte der Ommaijden in Spanien 2 vols 8vo Wien, 1860.
A Geschichte der Westgothen. 8vo. Franc. am Main, 1827.
A Geschichte Spaniens und Portugals. 2 vols. 8vo. Franc. am Main, 1833.
A —Geschichte des Mittelalters. 4 vols. 8vo. Braunschweig, 1857.
B Grundniss zur Geschichte der Provenzalische Litteratur 8vo Elberfeld, 1872
B Studien zur Semitischen Religionsgeschichte. 8vo. Leipzig, 1876.
B Die Mohammedanische-Arabische Kultur Periode 8vo Stuttgart, 1889
B Chemische Anekdoten. 8vo. Leipzig, 1788.
B Die Medizin der Talmudisten 8vo Leipzig, 1885
B -H Ueber die den Provenzalischen Troubadours Epischen Stoffe. 8vo. Leipzig, 1878.
B —Arabien im VI Jahrhundert 8vo
B Geschichte der Carthager. 8vo. Berlin, 1827.
B —Die Provenzalischen Troubadours 8vo Göttingen, 1882.
C Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus. 2 vols. 8vo. St. Petersburg, 1856.
D Die Araber im Mittelalter. 8vo. Leipzig, 1882.
D Die Philosophie der Araber im X. Jahrhundert. 8 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1876
D Die Poësie der Troubadours. 8vo. Zwickau, 1826.
D Leben und Werke der Troubadours 8vo Leipzig, 1882
D Von der Papstfabeln des Mittelalters. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1890.
D Moses ben Ezra aus Granada 8vo Altona, 1839
E Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Mittelalters. 3 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1887.
E Geschichte des Volkes Israel 7 vols 8vo Göttingen, 1843
F Geschichte der Textelkunst. 8vo. Hanau, 1883.
F Die Schulen von Bosra und Kufa 8vo Leipzig, 1862
F Geschichte der Araber. 8vo. Leipzig, 1867.
F —Darstellung der Arabischen Verskunst 8vo Bonn, 1830
F Kaiser Friedrich II. 8vo. Wien, 1817.
G —Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthum aufgenommen 8vo. Bonn, 1883.
G Wanderungen in Sicilien. 8vo. Leipzig, 1855.
G Der Mythos bei den Hebraern. 8vo. Leipzig, 1876.
G Die Zahiriten 8vo Halle, 1884
G Mohammedanische Studien. 2 vols. 8vo. Halle, 1889.
G Die Alhambra 16mo Berlin, 1854
G Semiten und Indogermanen. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1867.
G Das Judische Unterrechtswesen wahrend der Spanische-Arabische Periode 8vo Wien, 1873
H -P Gemäldesaal der grossen Mohammedanische Herrscher. 6 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1873.
H -P Literaturgeschichte der Araber 7 vols 4to Wien, 1855
H Geschichte der Mathematik. 8vo. Leipzig, 1874.
H Geschichte der Araber in Sicilien 4 vols 8vo Königsberg, 1791
H Beiträge zur Erklarung des Koran. 8vo. Leipzig, 1886.
H —Kaiser Friedrich II 8vo Munich, 1844
I -I Das Leben Mohammeds. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1864.
J —Welche Handsartikel bezogen die Araber en Mittelalter aus den Nordische-Baltischen Ländern. 8vo. Berlin, 1891.
J Geschichte des Judenthums. 8vo. Leipzig, 1857.
K Poësie Andalusischen Dichter. 8vo. Prag, 1858.
K Die Alchemie. 2 vols. 8vo. Heidelburg, 1886.
K Die Judischen Frauen. 8vo. Leipzig, 1879.
K Sephardim. 8vo. Leipzig, 1859.
K Der Kreuzzug Friedrichs II. 8vo. Göttingen, 1873.
K Die Musik der Araber 4to Leipzig, 1842
K Die Anfänge des Konigthums bei den Gothen. 8vo. Berlin, 1859.
K —Die Byzantiner des Mittelalters. 8vo. Halle, 1869.
K Das Leben des Muhammed. 12mo. Leipzig, 1884.
K —Die Religion der Vorislamischen Araber. 8vo. Leipzig, 1863.
K Culturgeschichte des Orients. 2 vols. 8vo. Wien, 1875.
K Geschichte der Baukunst. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1859.
L Geschichte von Spanien 4 vols 8vo Hamburg, 1831
M Gedichte der Troubadours. 3 vols. 12mo. Berlin, 1856.
M Das Phönizische Alterthum 2 vols 8vo Berlin, 1850
M Die Letzten Zeiten von Granada. 8vo. München, 1863.
M Philosophie und Theologie von Averroes 4to München, 1875
M Ueber die Judische Aerzte im Mittelalter. 8vo. Berlin, 1887.
N Versuch einer Geschichte des Algebra 8vo Berlin, 1842
N Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Poësie der Alten Araber. 8vo. Hannover, 1864.
N Das Leben Muhammads 8vo Hannover, 1863
N Vom Kreml bis zur Alhambra. 2 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1889.
O —Buddha 8vo Berlin, 1881
P Das Alexandrinische Museum. 8vo. Berlin, 1838.
P —Wanderungen durch Sicilien 2 vols 12mo Berlin, 1834
P Der Einfluss des Islams. 8vo. Leipzig, 1881.
P —Aus Phönizien 8vo Leipzig, 1870
R Geschichte der Hohenstaufen. 4 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1878.
R —Geschichte der Baukunst 8vo Leipzig, 1866
R Die Arabische Philosophie. 4to. Göttingen, 1844.
R —Geschichte der Kreuzzuge 2 vols 8vo Berlin, 1874
S Geschichte der Normannen in Sicilien. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1889.
S Geschichte von Portugal. 5 vols. 8vo. Hamburg, 1883.
S Kaiser Friedrich II. 4 vols. 8vo. Göttingen, 1859.
S —Geschichte Aragoniens 8vo Leipzig, 1828
S Geschichte der Alchemie. 8vo. Halle, 1832.
S —Das Höflische Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger 2 vols 4to Leipzig, 1889.
S Italienische Trobadors. 8vo. Berlin, 1883.
S Die Minnehofe des Mittelalters. 8vo. Leipzig, 1821.
S Zur Geschichte Abul Hasan Ali Asaris 8vo Leipzig, 1876
S Geschichte der Arzneikunde. 6 vols. 8vo. Halle, 1821.
S Das Leben und die Lehre des Muhammed 3 vols 8vo Berlin, 1861
S Die Alte Geographie Arabiens. 8vo. Bern, 1875.
S Bertran de Born 8vo Halle, 1879
S Der Troubadour Jaufre Rudel. 8vo. Kiel, 1873.
S Die Handelszüge der Araber 8vo Berlin, 1836
S Denkmäler der Provenzalische Litteratur. 8vo. Halle, 1883.
U Geschichte der Pflanzenwelt 8vo Wien, 1852
V K Gebiete des Islams. 8vo. Leipzig, 1873.
V K Geschichte der Herrschenden Ideen des Islams 8vo Leipzig, 1868
V L Zeugnisse eines Handels-Verkehrs mit dem Orient. 8vo. Berlin, 1840.
W —Statistik der Araber in Sicilien 8vo
W Die Poetische Literatur der Araber vor Mohammed. 12mo. Stuttgart, 1837.
W —Einleitung in den Koran. 12mo. Bielefeld, 1844.
W Geschichte der Chalifen. 3 vols. 8vo. Mannheim, 1846.
W —Geschichte der Islamischen Völker. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1866.
W Das Alexandrinische Museum. 8vo. Berlin, 1875.
W —Geschichte der Kreuzzuge. 8 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1830.
W Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums. 8vo. Heidelberg, 1882
W Kaiser Friedrich II. 2 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1889.
W —Geschichte der Botanik 8vo Frankfort, 1854
W Ueber Ein Arabisches Astrolabium. 4to. Berlin, 1858.
W —Die Academien der Araber 8vo Göttingen, 1837
W Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte und Naturforscher. 8vo. Göttingen, 1840.
Z Das Kaisertraum des Mittelalters. 8vo. Leipzig, 1877.
Z Geschichte der Hohenstaufen 8vo Stuttgart, 1865
DUTCH.
D —De Israelieten te Mekka. 8vo. Haarlem, 1864.
H De Strijd over het Dogma in den Islam. 8vo. Leiden, 1875.
K De Leerstellingen van de Mohammedaansche Godsdienst. 8vo. Gorinchem, 1854.
K Handboek voor Het Mohammedaansche Regt 8vo 's Gravenhage, 1853
K Het Buddhisme in Indie. 2 vols. 8vo. Haarlem, 1882.
K De Pausin Johanna 8vo Gravenhage, 1845
K Varia, 8vo.
K De Baalsdienst onder Israel 8vo
K De Godsdienst van Israel. 2 vols. 8vo. Haarlem, 1869.
N Mohammed 12mo Amstelodami, 1758
S -H Het Mekkaansche Feest. 8vo. Leiden, 1880.
T De Godsdienst van Zarathustra 8vo Haarlem, 1864
W Legenden der Muselmannen. 8vo. Schiedam, 1853.
W Mohammed de Propheet 2 vols 8vo Amsterdam, 1846
W Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde. 8vo. Tiel, 1861.
DANISH.
F Forbindelserne mellem Norden og den Spanske Halvo, i ældre Tider 8vo Kjobenhavn, 1882
M Europa i Middelalderen. 8vo. Kjobenhavn, 1819.
R Middelalderens Magi 12mo Kjobenhavn, 1873
