CIFOR 25th Anniversary Report by annxdesign

ANNUAL REPORT

2018 F O R E S T S M AT T E R

Letter from the Director General ar2018.cifor.org/directorgeneral

Robert Nasi Director General In 2018, CIFOR crossed two major milestones: we began it by looking back on 25 years of research to impact and ended it looking forward to a bold new merger with World Agroforestry (ICRAF). For over a quarter of a century, CIFOR has raised the profile of tropical forests and of people who depend on them in the global arena. Our scientists have, among many other achievements, helped uncover direct and indirect causes of deforestation, reveal the critical role of tropical forests in rural livelihoods, and demonstrate how forests and trees can mitigate climate change and advance the Sustainable Development Goals. CIFOR has influenced policies and practice at international, national and subnational levels on a range of topics that include biodiversity and Brazil nuts, wetlands and climate change, peat fires and oil palm, and forests foods and wild meat. This year, Ethiopia issued a new law recognizing the rights of local

communities in forest management and restoration – based in part on our long-term engagement – and both the Green Climate Fund and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change took note of CIFOR’s recommendations on gender equality and social inclusion in climate change policy. Global comparative research has always been a cornerstone of CIFOR’s work. From one of our first projects analyzing how communities use non-forest timber products, to the Poverty Environment Network’s innovative methodology, our teams in Africa, Asia and Latin America have worked to systematically uncover patterns in forest landscapes across the tropics. Today, CIFOR’s Global Comparative Studies – GCS REDD+ and GCS Tenure – continue to deliver results. A new book, Transforming REDD+: Lessons and new directions took a deep dive into 10 years of research on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), and we assessed the impact of our research on tenure reform in Indonesia, Peru and Uganda. Peatlands and mangroves were a major focus of our work in 2018, as we ramped up efforts to protect these fragile ecosystems. CIFOR hosted the inaugural Tropical Peatlands Exchange and,

in partnership with the Indonesian Forestry and Environmental Research Development and Innovation Agency (FOERDIA), launched the interim secretariat of the International Tropical Peatlands Center. Borne out of the first Forest Day in 2007, the momentum inspired by the Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) is now at full steam. This energy transforms each new event into a hive of creativity, as policy makers, indigenous groups, private companies and a growing youth movement share exciting new solutions to the increasingly urgent challenges we now face. None of CIFOR’s achievements would be possible without the dedication of our support staff in administration, human resources, finance and operations, at our headquarters and our hubs in Cameroon, Kenya and Peru. We have been privileged to know many of them for years – some from CIFOR’s earliest days. Looking ahead to 2019, CIFOR and ICRAF are joining forces to accelerate impact in forestry and agroforestry research, policy and development. I look forward to the new opportunities that will arise, to new partnerships, and to strengthened collaboration with existing partners.

Program Program Countries 55 Countries 62 100 103

34 59 129

21%

Funding Fundingpartners partners Partners Partners

Memoranda Memorandaof ofunderstanding understanding

Active Active projects projects

Senior Senior staff staff dynamics dynamics

10 10in in

Research Researchinstitutes institutes Universities Universities Letters Lettersof ofagreement agreement

35% change change

with with aa strong strong gender gender focus focus

15 15 out out

15% 20%

About CIFOR

Letter from the Chair of the Board

In November 2018, CIFOR and the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), also known as World Agroforestry, decided to begin the process of merging. These two leading organizations in forestry and agroforestry research, policy and development will work together and with other CGIAR centers to accelerate impact.

The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) envisions a more equitable world where forestry and landscapes enhance the environment and well-being for all. CIFOR advances human well-being, equity and environmental integrity by conducting innovative research, developing partners’ capacity and actively engaging in dialogue with all stakeholders to inform policies and practices that affect forests and people. cifor.org/about-cifor

ar2018.cifor.org/chairoftheboard

cifor.org/cifor-icraf-merger-faqs/

José Joaquín Campos Arce Chair of the Board and Chair of the Executive Committee

CIFOR is one of 15 CGIAR Research Centers and leads the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA). We work closely with the CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM), and in 2018 undertook research with the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat (WHEAT). ar2018.cifor.org/cifor-and-cgiar

CIFOR 25th anniversary

Over the past quarter century, CIFOR has built a reputation for innovative research, on-the-ground capacity building, and meaningful engagement for forests and people. A history of impact – Timelines throughout this report illuminate key milestones and achievements in science, policy and engagement in topics ranging from gender to deforestation, restoration, wetlands, climate change, tenure, and food security and nutrition.

Trailblazers – Many of CIFOR’s early scientists remain connected to the organization as Senior Associates, and their work continues to inspire today’s researchers.

Read interviews with our alumni at cifor.org/cifor25

CIFOR in 2018 … by the numbers This year, CIFOR built on its strong foundations and partnerships to further study the ways that forests can help reduce poverty, enhance food and nutrition security, and improve ecosystem health. We also continued to measure our progress toward outreach, gender and operational benchmarks. CIFOR and its partners contribute to the following global processes, frameworks, panels and conventions:

Research Research Books Books

Occasional Occasional and and working working papers papers

80% 80%

downloads downloads

Infobriefs Infobriefs

30 30

Journal Journal articles articles

93 93

59 59

156 156

CIFOR CIFOR publications publications areare Open Open Access Access

1,541,721 1,541,721

In 2018, the center celebrated a quarter of a century of impact and engagement. This report puts the center’s achievements at the forefront, with timelines tracking organizational milestones and notable impacts on policy and practice in international, national and local arenas. CIFOR continues to gain recognition for its research, analysis and outreach. Long-time Principal Scientist Daniel Murdiyarso was awarded the highest

More than 500 million people have been reached so far by the Global Landscapes Forum, which continues to evolve. Beyond key events in Nairobi, Kenya; Katowice, Poland, Washington, DC; and of course Bonn, Germany, the Forum maintained this enthusiasm through digital summits, the Learning Academy, publications and multimedia and Landscape News. Throughout the year, scientists based at CIFOR’s headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia or at hubs in Lima, Peru; Nairobi, Kenya or Yaoundé, Cameroon advanced knowledge on topics ranging from climate change and gender to illegal logging to food security. CIFOR publications were downloaded nearly 1.5 million times, with over 10,000 citations and 400,000 Google book visits. Forests News now averages over 56,000 page views per month, extending the reach of knowledge to new audiences around the globe.

reach that extends well beyond that of similar-sized organizations. It has overcome several financial challenges in recent years, demonstrating its efficiency and resilience with an unwavering commitment to maintaining quality. CIFOR is the only CGIAR research center accredited for the EU 7 Pillars Assessment, and is the most advanced in getting accreditation with the Green Climate Fund. The center maintained its leadership of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) – the world’s largest integrated collaborative research program on forests and trees – and strengthened its collaboration with the CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM), on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), and with other CGIAR centers. As CIFOR transitions to a new chapter in its merger with World Agroforestry (ICRAF), we look forward to the work ahead that will create the world’s leading research organization for forests and agroforestry.

In today’s increasingly challenging funding climate, CIFOR stands out as an innovative research center with a

Finance Finance

Publications 22 22 385 385Publications

25 25

or over 25 years, CIFOR researchers have put science at the center of global discussions on forests and the people who depend on them. Through its unique strategy of rigorous science, capacity building, and engagement and outreach, CIFOR continues to raise the bar for tropical forest research worldwide.

honor given by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) for his tireless work on wetlands. This was a timely award as CIFOR continued to put these overlooked ecosystems – and their major carbon-storing potential – in the spotlight.

Chapters Chapters

Others Others

Visits Visits through through Google Google Books: Books:

2017 2017 2018 2018

358,382 358,382

14% 14% decrease decrease from from 2017 2017

Citations CIFOR Citations ofof CIFOR publications 2018 publications inin 2018

10,629 10,629

Long-term Long-termfinancial financialstability stability recommended range: recommended range: 75-90 days 75-90 days

88 88days days

International International web web ranking ranking thth asas research research center center

Operating Operatingfunds funds

cifor.org cifor.org ranking ranking among among CGIAR CGIAR Centers Centers

(Moz (Moz Domain Domain Authority: Authority: 59/100) 59/100)

recommended recommended range: range: 90-120 90-120 days days

60,229 60,229

Audited Auditedincome income

Readership Readership ofof Forests Forests News News

views views perper month month

forfor 2018 2018 (USD) (USD)

109 109days days 34,552,000 34,552,000

Future Future3-year 3-yearincome income

confirmed confirmed through through grant grant agreements agreements or or other other means means (USD) (USD)

42,422,000 42,422,000 42,746,000 42,746,000 44,883,000 44,883,000

2019 2019

2020 2020 2021 2021

Audited Auditedindirect indirectcost costratio ratio

11% 11%

CIFOR

25-year timeline 300,000 ha Bulungan Research Forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia allocated to CIFOR CIFOR by Ministerial headquarters Decree inaugurated

1993

1995

1996

CIFOR is launched under Indonesia Host Country Agreement Strategy for Collaborative Forestry Research positioned CIFOR to fill an empty niche in international research related to forests and forest-dependent people

CIFOR began to actively promote the concept of strategic 'impact pathways'

1997 Global comparative research project on patterns and trends of non-timber forest product commercialization launched

CIFOR recommendations on the underlying causes of deforestation for the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) adopted by all governments

1998

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) commissioned technical papers from CIFOR scientists on forest fires and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). CIFOR helped to establish the importance of NTFPs on the CBD agenda.

2000

2001

CIFOR contributed to the work plan of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and clarified some aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol

Policy influence

CIFOR’s work on Criteria and Indicators (C&I) contributed directly to various certification schemes, including Forest Stewardship Council, Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute, IBAMA (Brazil) and African Timber Organisation Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) helped communities strengthen their organizations, begin new forestry activities and improve their relationships with government agencies and private companies at 30 sites in 11 countries since 1999

2002

2004

2003

10-year anniversary CIFOR scientists conducted research in partnership with 300 researchers from around 50 international, regional and national organizations in 30 tropical countries

CIFOR scientists helped to formulate International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) biodiversity guidelines and contributed to Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA) standards to evaluate impact of forest-based activities on climate, local communities and biodiversity

2007

New strategy Making a difference for forests and people placed a strong emphasis on impact

Major CIFOR events

Inaugural Forest Day at UNFCCC Conference of the Parties in Bali

2008

Global Comparative Study on REDD+ (GCS REDD+) launched

CIFOR research in Indonesia’s Papua province contributed to a reconsideration of the extent and pace of land being allocated for oil palm and timber plantations

2009

2010

Launch of FTA, the world’s largest integrated collaborative research program on forests and trees Landmark findings revealed that mangroves store 3-5 more carbon than tropical forests, generating worldwide interest from scientific community and the media; Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) established.

Research highlights & outcomes

CIFOR analysis and engagement on the political economy of fire and haze informed Indonesia’s ‘Grand Design for Fire Prevention 2017-2019’ and the ‘Standard for Fire Prevention’

Five CIFOR scientists among the lead authors of Wetlands Supplement to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Peru’s Forest Service incorporated CIFOR research into the legal norms that govern timber extraction in Brazil nut concessions

Inaugural Global Landscapes Forum, Warsaw, Poland

2011

2013

Critical role of forests in global food security and nutrition recognized by the Committee on World Food Security, based on recommendations of CIFOR-led high-level panel Recommendations for a sustainable wild meat sector adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity

Strategy 2016-2025: Stepping up to the new climate and development agenda aligned CIFOR’s work to Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Agreement

Global Landscapes Forum

2014

Ethiopia’s Forest Law drew on CIFOR recommendations to recognize the rights of local communities in forest management and restoration

2015

Wild meat experts responded to the Ebola crisis, using evidence to challenge the suggestion that disease outbreaks could be avoided by halting wild meat consumption

CIFOR coverage of 2015 fire and haze events helped generate global media attention to Indonesia's peatland fires

World Bank’s Living Standard Measurement Study Surveys forestry module and sourcebook incorporate methodology from CIFOR’s Poverty Environment Network (PEN), which found that rural households get up to 20% of income from forests

Global Landscapes Forum

Global Landscapes Forum Paris, drew record crowds

Partnerships & outreach

2016

Global Landscapes Forum. German government supports 5 years extension

Global Landscapes Forum, Bonn, Germany Global Landscapes Forum

2017

2018

Transforming REDD+ book analyzed 10 years of GCS REDD+ and other research GCS Tenure impact assessment Green Climate Fund’s gender and social inclusion policy 2018–2020 includes key messages that align with CIFOR recommendations

Global Landscapes Forum

Global Landscapes Forum Jakarta, Peatlands Matter

Global Landscapes Forum

Global Landscapes Forum Washington, Nairobi, Bonn and Katowice

Keeping trees in the ground L

andscape Restoration was in the spotlight in 2018, from a special focus on restoration in Africa at the Global Landscapes Forum in Nairobi, Kenya, to targeted assessments of restoration plans in Latin America, plus research on the role of tenure, women’s rights and participatory monitoring. CIFOR and partners reviewed 75 restoration programs encompassing more than 1.5 million hectares across Mexico, with a view to informing its upcoming national restoration plan. And a new forest observatory aims to offer Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda a more efficient way to share data on the their forests.

Read the full stories: ar2018.cifor.org/restoration

Harvesting both Brazil nuts and timber in the Amazon A new evaluation of CIFOR research on Brazil nuts documents one of the first times scientific research has influenced forest policy in Peru. The country’s guidelines for managing Brazil nut concessions highlight study results that indicate how much timber can be cut without affecting nut yields, making it easier for communities to conserve local forests – and their livelihoods. Read the full stories: ar2018.cifor.org/Brazil-nut

FOREST MANAGEMENT, LANDSCAPES AND RESTORATION … OVER THE YEARS CIFOR research has evolved from an early focus on forest management and restoration of degraded lands to landscape approaches that aim to address the environmental, social and political challenges facing forests and people.

World Bank consulted CIFOR experts during an analysis of its 1991 forest strategy, in an effort to ensure that its policies do not promote deforestation

REFORCO project launched to build capacity in sustainable forest management at the University of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Roadmap to strengthen the wooden furniture industry in Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia passed into local law; 10 small-scale furniture producers attained national government certification for timber legality

2000

2009

2013

Ethiopia’s newmillion forest law values both conservation hectares 22 and communities Degraded land Ethiopia aims to restore by 2030 (the largest pledge of all African countries)

Funding partner: Strategic Climate Institutions Program (SCIP)

20–30

days/year Read the full story: Time required by smallholders to restore ar2018.cifor.org/Ethiopia

agricultural or forest land as part of Ethiopia’s Free Labour Contribution Period (FLCP)

“

Ethiopia’s 2018 National Forest Law is a really progressive law and, if implemented properly, is going to make a big difference.”

80%

For over a decade, CIFOR scientists in Ethiopia have been working to inform and influence the government so that of Ethiopians live in rural areas forestry legislation is well designed to – Ato Kebede Yimam, State Minister prevent and reverse deforestation and of the Forestry Sector, Ethiopia forest degradation. Now they have cause for celebration – a new forest law, which finally accounts for the reality of forests – how they are used as a resource by communities, and how communities can be a resource for their protection.

million hectares

Degraded land Ethiopia aims to restore by 2030 (the largest pledge of all African countries)

20–30 days/year

Time required by smallholders to restore agricultural or forest land as part of Ethiopia’s Free Labour Contribution Period (FLCP)

80%

of Ethiopians live in rural areas

‘Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses’ by Jeffrey Sayer et al. published

2013

The 2018 National Forest Law, which came into action in January, clearly recognizes the rights of communities and acknowledges their role in managing natural forests and establishing plantations, without unduly compromising ecological services or biodiversity. “This is a big shift from previous legislation”, said Habtemariam Kassa, a principal scientist at CIFOR, who supported the Ministry’s efforts to revise the law. Previously, local communities had scant opportunity to participate in forest management, with recent reforestation efforts relying on galvanizing community support through cash for work programs, rather than socioeconomic incentives. CIFOR scientists’ efforts to have this considered in the 2007 Forest Law were unsuccessful. Things began to change when Ethiopia committed to restoring 22 million hectares of degraded lands and forests by 2030, under the Bonn Challenge and New York

Peru’s Forest Service incorporated CIFOR’s research into the legal norms that govern timber extraction in Brazil nut concessions

2016

Ethiopia’s Forest Law drew on CIFOR recommendations to recognize the rights of local communities in forest management and restoration

2018

Declaration on Forests. In 2013, the newly-established Ministry of Environment and Forests was more open to listen, as CIFOR and other researchers pushed for it to consider how a different approach could bring economic benefits and help the country attain its national and international restoration commitments. The law was revised according to their technical feedback with three key changes: recognition of how participatory forest management can enhance communities’ role in managing forests; incentives for private forest developers; and severe penalties on those who expand farming into forests, tamper with forest boundaries, or set fires, harm endangered species, settle, hunt or graze animals in any forest. Local communities can now also harvest timber to agreed levels.

Maximizing socioeconomic benefits will help meet the state’s ambitious targets in a mutually beneficial way, and both Kassa and Ato Kebede Yimam, State Minister of the Forestry Sector, are hopeful that rural communities and forests will soon experience the benefits of the new law’s possibilities. “The next step is to support the government to put in place appropriate structures, redefine the roles of experts, and build their capacity to actualize the rights of communities,” added Kassa.

“

Forests are crucial for the future of humanity, and CIFOR is a key actor providing practical recommendations aimed at preserving tropical forests for the benefit of populations.” – Plinio Sist, former Seconded Scientist to CIFOR focused on the Bulungan Research Forest

Read interviews with CIFOR alumni: cifor.org/cifor25

Getting ahead of climate change Great expectations: New book analyzes the reality of REDD+

A new book summarizes 10 years of research by CIFOR’s multi-partner funded Global Comparative Study on REDD+ and others. It delves into financing, national politics, impact assessment and evolving initiatives, and offers lessons for the path to transformation. Once hailed as a quick, easy and cheap way to mitigate climate change by providing incentives to conserve tropical forests, REDD+ (reducing emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks) has so far produced only modest results for both forests and livelihoods. Why? The authors detail several factors – among them low international funding, lack of coordination at the national level, and unresolved land tenure issues – but also trace the evolution of private sector sustainability commitments, climate-smart agriculture, forest and landscape restoration, and more holistic jurisdictional approaches, all of which can support the broader goals of REDD+.

Read the full story: ar2018.cifor.org/REDD+

Blended finance, gender ... and more

“

We cannot lose sight of the urgent need to reduce forestbased emissions to prevent catastrophic climate change. This book offers a critical, evidence-based analysis of how REDD+ has been implemented so far, and lays out what is needed to make it truly transformational.” – Arild Angelsen, lead editor of Transforming REDD+, professor at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and CIFOR senior associate

CIFOR’s climate change scientists delved into a range of topics this year. One study pointed to the need to consider gender dynamics from the outset for REDD+ success. Research into REDD+ funding, in partnership with the international consulting group COWI and the Öko-Institut, suggested that blended finance is the way to go. And a new study of commitments to low-emissions development in 39 states and provinces in 12 countries found that jurisdictional approaches show potential for finding lasting solutions to the complex problem of tropical deforestation. Read all climate change highlights: ar2018.cifor.org/climate-change

CIFOR’S GLOBAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH The foundation of CIFOR’s work is rigorous science, based on long-term research designed to reveal the environmental, social and political patterns that evolve across regions and landscapes.

Global comparative research project on patterns and trends of non-timber forest product commercialization launched

Global Comparative Study on REDD+ (GCS REDD+) launched

Global Comparative Study on Tenure Reform (GCS Tenure) launched

1998

2009

2014

Rights and resources for all Global Comparative Study on Tenure Reform delivers results Why is forest and land tenure reform so challenging to implement? To what extent does it secure the rights of local communities? What conflicts is it causing, and what benefits can it bring? These questions are at the core of CIFOR’s multi-partner funded Global Comparative Study on Tenure Reform (GCS Tenure) – and an evaluation of its first four years shows its participatory approach is making a difference.

Since 2014, CIFOR’s cross-disciplinary teams in Indonesia, Peru and Uganda have studied how forest tenure reforms are designed and implemented, what affects reform processes, and how the resulting reforms have impacted both livelihoods and the condition of forests. The ultimate aim is to inform land tenure policy, while also learning from communities, organizations, government and academia in order to equip local peoples with everything they need to claim their rights to forests. By working closely with partners and government officials at many levels, and

with community and indigenous leaders, GCS Tenure is merging local and technical knowledge to help communities envision future scenarios. Findings from the three countries showed that many practitioners and community representatives are working collaboratively to identify and solve problems and to recognize their own ability to improve the future. Regular project committee meetings help to refine the process as it evolves, forging critical links with local partners and supporting lasting coalitions around the topic of land tenure.

Read the full story: ar2018.cifor.org/GCS-Tenure

After tenure reform, what next?

With support from the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), CIFOR and partners conducted a systematic review of marine protected areas and looked at how strengthened collective rights can overcome barriers to investment in sustainable business in Nepal, Guatemala, Mexico and Namibia. In Nepal, researchers found that women have stepped into important roles in both community forest user groups and their enterprises – to the benefit of both themselves and to conservation efforts. Read all tenure highlights: ar2018.cifor.org/tenure

Overseas Development Institute report concluded that CIFOR’s recommendations informed international climate negotiations towards a global REDD+, and national REDD+ policies in several countries

2014

World Bank’s Living Standard Measurement Study Surveys forestry module and sourcebook incorporate methodology from PEN, which found that rural households get up to 20% of income from forests

Impact evaluation of GCS Tenure found that its participatory approach has helped many stakeholders collaborate to identify and solve problems

“

CIFOR has always taken a transdisciplinary approach, which is often what you need to solve complex socioenvironmental problems.” – Sven Wunder, CIFOR Senior Associate Read interviews with CIFOR alumni:

2016

2018

cifor.org/cifor25

Wetlands for the future A passion for wetlands – and for linking science to policy

he LIPI Sarwono Award is the highest honor given by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), and in 2018 it went to Daniel Murdiyarso, a principal scientist at CIFOR for over 15 years, for his tireless work on wetlands, including peatlands and mangroves. He has done much to place these ‘undervalued or marginal’ lands – as he was taught they were – on the global climate change agenda.

60%

of people

live in coastal areas worldwide

almost half of the world’s mangroves have been lost in the past three decades (3 billion tons)

“

If we act seriously on mangroves and seagrass, we can meet the Paris objectives relatively easily.”

>200

– Daniel Murdiyarso, CIFOR Principal Scientist

people trained

in measuring wetlands carbon through the SWAMP project

Read the full stories: ar2018.cifor.org/wetlands

Murdiyarso leads CIFOR’s Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP), funded by the US Agency for International Development, and is a champion of the concept of ‘blue carbon’ – the carbon stored in mangroves and seagrass. The Blue Carbon Summit, held in Jakarta in July 2018, brought together people from government ministers to international researchers to discuss the value of these coastal ecosystems.

PEATLANDS, VALUE CHAINS AND FIRE AND HAZE … OVER THE YEARS Recognizing that the causes of forest degradation and illegal logging are complex and interrelated, CIFOR has focused since its early years on the ways markets and value chains can drive deforestation – and how they can promote more sustainable options for both people and forests.

In response to 1997’s destructive fire and haze in Indonesia, CIFOR launched new project on political economy with US State Department and European Space Agency

Landmark findings revealed that mangroves store 3-5 more carbon than tropical forests, generating worldwide interest from scientific community and the media; Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) established.

Five CIFOR scientists among the lead authors of Wetlands Supplement to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1998

2011

2013

30%

15%

of known peatlands have already been destroyed or degraded

of world’s soil carbon is stored in peatlands

New tropical peatlands center shines a light on the value of ‘bogs’ this, tropical peatlands remain one of the least understood and monitored ecosystems. The International Tropical Peatlands Center (ITPC) aims to bring these important billion lands into the global spotlight. The Government of economic loss of Indonesia’s premature deaths around the peatland fires in 2015 eatlands have largely been Indonesia, along with the Democratic region after the 2015 fires ignored. Covering only around Republic of the Congo and Republic 3% to 5% of the earth’s surface, of the Congo, launched the interim they are home to more than 30% secretariat at CIFOR headquarters in of carbon stored in soil worldwide, Bogor, Indonesia on 30 October 2018. making them critical for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Founded in the spirit of international, They provide food, medicine, timber multi-stakeholder and multi-donor and habitat for endangered species South-South cooperation, the ITPC such as the orangutan. Despite all of aims to attract the best minds working

16.1

a major contributor to knowledge >100,000been on tropical peatlands. In August, with

USD

80%

3-5%

of countries are home to tropical peatlands

of Earth’s surface is covered by peatlands

Sparking debate around oil palm, fire and haze Read the full stories: ar2018.cifor.org/peatlands

on peatlands, including researchers, policy-makers, local communities, and other stakeholders with the common goal of preserving this unique and critical ecosystem.

For more than 20 years, CIFOR has

the support from the Government of Indonesia, CIFOR hosted the inaugural Tropical Peatlands Exchange at its headquarters. The one-day event served as a platform for representatives from the private sector, government and research to share the latest on how to protect tropical peatlands.

30%

15%

of world’s soil carbon is stored in peatlands

of known peatlands have already been destroyed or degraded

CIFOR has been influential in the development of policies and practices to combat the recurring problem of peatland fires in the region through its work on the political economy of fire and haze, and is currently working on haze-free sustainable livelihoods and community-based fire prevention and peatland restoration, in partnership with universities, local government, communities and the private sector.

80%

of countries are home to tropical peatlands

Oil palm is a major driver of peatland fires, and CIFOR’s extensive research and engagement with policy makers, the private sector and communities is promoting both sustainable oil palm strategies and alternative livelihoods in Indonesia, Cameroon and Colombia.

3-5%

of Earth’s surface is covered by peatlands

New strategies luxury redwood furniture, is one of the world’s most trafficked wild resource. CIFOR has been documenting the devastating to address the effects of the trade between Zambia and China, negatively Cimpacting rosewood 30% stocks in Zambian forests, where the tree is known as causes of illegal ‘mukula’. In 2018, scientists issued a brief urging the Zambian government to protect its forests and people’s long-term livelihoods, in part by testing and logging implementing approaches outlined in its Forest Act of 2015 for community, Rosewood from Africa, highly prized as a source of Chinese

of world’s soil carbon is stored in peatlands

Read the full stories: ar2018.cifor.org/deforestation

2017

15%

of known peatlands have already been destroyed or degraded

CIFOR contributed significantly to two national processes to improve oil palm policies in Indonesia

Interim secretariat of the International Tropical Peatlands billion at Center established economic loss of Indonesia’s peatland fires CIFOR headquarters in 2015 in Bogor, Indonesia

15%

USD

CIFOR analysis and engagement on the political economy of fire and haze informed Indonesia’s ‘Grand Design for Fire Prevention 2017-2019’ and the ‘Standard for Fire Prevention’

joint and private forest management. One short term solution could be to list the concerned species in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

2017

>100,000

premature deaths around the region after the 2015 fires

2018

“

Current efforts to protect and manage forests have largely failed to guarantee the sustainability of forest resources and equitable access to their benefits. CIFOR and similar institutions are key for promoting informed and critical debate and understanding about these issues.” – David Kaimowitz, former CIFOR Scientist and Director General Read interviews with CIFOR alumni: cifor.org/cifor25

Dimensions of gender A wider lens for climate action brings women and others into focus

In 2018, the Green Climate Fund submitted a new draft gender and social inclusion policy for 2018–2020 to the GCF Board, with some key messages that align with CIFOR’s recommendations. CIFOR had responded to a call for inputs to GCF’s revised Gender Equality and Social Inclusion policy, making an official submission to the GCF before publishing their recommendations in an infobrief. These include getting away from the notion of ‘women as vulnerable’, shifting from ‘gender sensitivity’ to ‘gender responsiveness’, taking a rights-based approach and a more nuanced view of how gender

intersects with poverty, race and social status. CIFOR also contributed to a submission by the gender team of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) FTA to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), leading to an invitation to present findings at the 2018 climate summit in Bonn, Germany in May 2018. The workshop report was officially welcomed in the draft conclusion text by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation at the UNFCCC’s climate conference in Katowice, Poland.

“

Getting the thinking right at this agenda-setting stage is really crucial, if we hope to influence practice in relation to equity and inclusion through these large frameworks.”

From the ‘four powers’ to five lenses A digital summit hosted by the Global Landscapes Forum explored the power structures at play in global landscapes, and during the CGIAR Collaborative Platform on Gender webinar CIFOR scientists presented findings on strengthening women’s tenure and rights to forests and trees using adaptive collaborative management. Top publications include a manual outlining a five-lens approach to understanding ‘intersectionality’, an article in World Development on women’s perception of wellbeing at REDD+ sites, and research on the gender dynamics of informal logging. Read more: ar2018.cifor.org/gender

– Markus Ihalainen, CIFOR Research and Engagement Officer Read more: ar2018.cifor.org/gender-climate

FOCUSING ON GENDER … OVER THE YEARS Since its earliest days, CIFOR has designed projects to inform genderequitable policies, and has strived to ensure a space for all perspectives within the organization.

Gender and Diversity Program initiated to help ensure that CIFOR’s research activities incorporate diverse perspectives and are accessible to all

Series of briefs summing up gender research by CIFOR and partners launched at Paris climate conference (some were included in 2016 UN Global Sustainable Development Report)

After six years of the Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) approach in Uganda, women in leadership positions increased from 11% to 54%, and 9X more women ran for political office

1998

2015

2016

“

There has been a sea change in attitudes about gender in forestry, and CIFOR played a small part in bringing this about.” – Carol Colfer, CIFOR Senior Associate

Livelihoods from forests and trees What’s nutrition without health? CIFOR scientists have teamed up with experts in the fields of nutrition and medicine to untangle the ways forests, food and illness interact in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Such a holistic approach isn’t common, because it takes careful planning and coordination in order to produce information that is meaningful across disciplines. Scientists in the departments of nutrition and parasitology at national universities are working with CIFOR to investigate the links between local diets, infection and child stunting. Together, they hope to produce knowledge to support the development of integrated nutrition and sanitation programs in the region.

“

Very little research has been conducted globally to investigate multiple contributors to malnutrition at the same time; to our knowledge, no such research has been carried out in the Congo Basin.”

Oil palm expansion is changing recipes – and food security – in Indonesia Many communities in West Kalimantan get a significant amount of nutrition from eating forest foods, including fruit, vegetables, fish and meat. Women, most of them rice farmers, will venture into the forest a few times per week in search of wild foods for their families. But in Indonesia, the fast-growing expansion of oil palm is clearing forests and changing what people grow, making some traditional recipes a thing of the past. CIFOR and partners are currently documenting the effect, and released a video of local residents showing the ferns, bamboo shoots and other vegetables they once cooked daily – but can no longer find as easily. Read more: ar2018.cifor.org/food

– Amy Ickowitz, CIFOR Scientist

LIVELIHOODS, FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION ... OVER THE YEARS CIFOR scientists have been investigating the links between forests and diet, including the impact of landscape change on food security and nutrition.

‘Empty forest syndrome’ described in Conservation and Use of WildlifeBased Resources: The Bushmeat Crisis, a joint CBD-CIFOR report

Research using large-scale datasets in Africa found that children who lived in communities with better tree cover had more diverse diets

Critical role of forests in global food security and nutrition recognized by the Committee on World Food Security based on recommendations of CIFOR-led highlevel panel

2008

2013

2017

“

CIFOR’s research on forests and food security has become a recognized research agenda in the development and donor communities.”

– Terry Sunderland, CIFOR Senior Associate

Project highlights FORETS: A new generation of forest researchers in the Congo The European Union-funded Training, Research, and Environment in the Tshopo (Province) project, known as FORETS, has been training graduate and doctoral degree students in sustainable forest management, in partnership with the University of Kisangani (UNIKIS). Now in its second phase, the project is working with potential investors, private companies, government institutions and development practitioners to identify and kick-start revenue-generating activities, produce energy through the use of renewable resources (solar and biomass), and seek investment opportunities for the protection and development of the Yangambi landscape and its people.

ar2018.cifor.org/FORETS

<10

forestry researchers with postgraduate degrees in DRC in 2005

220

postgraduate students supported by CIFOR and partners since 2005

Bioenergy research targets the ‘food–energy– environment trilemma’ In Indonesia, bioenergy is seen as a potential route to energy security, better rural livelihoods and restoration of degraded lands. With the support of the South Korea National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS) and FTA, CIFOR and partners are building a database of key biofuel species – plants with oil-producing seeds or woody biomass that can be converted to energy – that grow well on Indonesia’s degraded lands, thereby transforming them back into profitable landscapes. With the right crops in right place and the right business models, bioenergy may be the solution to three problems. ar2018.cifor.org/Bioenergy

Indonesia’s percentage of renewable energy in 2005

31%

Goal of renewable energy percentage by 2030

Why integration is key in West Africa’s mosaic landscapes: WAFFI The ‘forest-farm interface’ is a mosaic landscape of integrated management and production practices that combines agricultural, forest and livestock land uses shifting across landscapes typically used by smallholders. In collaboration with World Agroforestry and Tree Aid with the support of the International Fund for Agricultural Development, CIFOR is leading the West Africa Forest-Farm Interface Project (WAFFI). The goal? To document the ways smallholders in Burkina Faso and Ghana use the landscape, in order to help policy-makers adapt programs to the realities of integrated forest/tree management systems while better supporting the livelihoods and food security of farmers. ar2018.cifor.org/WAFFI

Honey, nuts, teak and indigo: Kanoppi project in Indonesia With support from the Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR), CIFOR, World Agroforestry and local partners are working to improve smallholders’ livelihoods at the farm–forest interface in Indonesia through the Kanoppi project. The second phase is focusing on ways to foster landscape-scale forest management for the benefit of smallholders, so they can get better returns from agroforestry and non-timber forest products while improving the sustainable management of forests. Secrets of the Mutis Honey Hunters A children’s book published in English and Bahasa Indonesia on the value of non-timber forest products

ar2018.cifor.org/Kanoppi

Tapping the source in East Africa’s water towers Over six million people in Kenya’s Rift Valley depend on mountain forests – called ‘water towers’ – to supply clean water, as well as providing food, fodder and fuel. But rampant forest loss is causing streams to dry up and water quality to go down. With the support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), CIFOR is working with communities to explore ways that local forest and water user associations can work together to manage their resources more effectively and sustainably. ar2018.cifor.org/Water-towers

75%

Water resources provided by Kenya’s five major ‘water towers’

15k trees

Planted by communities (local species)

Road to recovery for Vietnam’s forests In less than a decade, Vietnam’s payments for forest environmental services (PFES) scheme has gone from the first such program in Asia to supplying 22% of the country’s forestry budget. To find out how well it is incentivizing people to protect forests, the government asked CIFOR, together with Winrock International and provincial partners, to assess the program’s effectiveness. CIFOR reviewed the Forestry Development Strategy 2006–2020, and led intensive training on research methods and monitoring and evaluation for PFES. ar2018.cifor.org/PFES

5.8

million ha

Forest area protected under PFES (more than 44% of the total area in Vietnam)

22%

Percentage of forestry sector budget contributed by PFES

Global Landscapes Forum globallandscapesforum.org

GLF Bonn 2018 – Connecting for impact: From commitment to action

From its new Secretariat in Bonn, the GLF is quickly becoming the epicenter for sustainability and restoration discussions across all sectors and continents. The second annual GLF conference held at the World Conference Center in Bonn, Germany on 1–2 December, brought together more than 1,000 people in house and 16,000 online in a united effort to move from commitment to action towards reaching sustainable landscapes.

Momentum: inspired The Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) saw unprecedented growth during the year – moving that much closer to its goal of sparking a movement of 1 billion people around the landscape approach. Just six years after its launch, the GLF has already reached more than 500 million people with its message, making it the world’s largest knowledgebased platform on integrated and sustainable land use.

Global Landscapes Forum Nairobi 2018: Prospects and opportunities for restoration in Africa Timed to harness the strong political will for forest and landscape restoration in Africa – as shown by the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100), in which 27 African countries have committed to restoring 100 million hectares of degraded forest landscapes by 2030 – GLF Nairobi helped pave the way for the launch of the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, where GLF expects to play a core supporting role. 1,000 people attended GLF Nairobi in house and 14,000 online, with a combined social reach of 48 million, and media reach of 8 million.

Global Landscapes Forum at COP24 in Katowice, Poland On 9 December, the GLF brought together some of the world’s leading thinkers and practitioners on climate change in Katowice, Poland, alongside COP24 to connect, learn and share their work and ideas to boost climate action within landscapes. With only 12 years left to act, livestreamed discussions focused on accelerating action to keeping global warming below 2°C.

The 3rd Global Landscapes Forum Investment Case Symposium – Washington, DC More than 200 experts gathered at the 2018 GLF Investment Case in Washington, DC to review the ways investing in restoring and sustaining natural landscapes can successfully generate financial returns. Almost 9,000 people followed the

online live stream of the Symposium, with about 3.6 million more joining the dialogue via social media.

“

Even if the scale of the challenge is truly daunting, and the finance requirements can be counted in the trillions, this GLF has showed us that there are a lot of things that are happening already, and I’m excited to see how the finance world picks up on that.” – Karin Kemper, Senior Director for the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice, World Bank