Thao Pham - Urban Design Porfolio

PHAM NGUYEN THAO

URBAN DESIGN PORFOLIO

Name

PROFILE

Pham Nguyen Thao

EDUCATION Currently a graduate student of Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture.

Major: Urban design

Date of birth May 22nd 1995 Nationality

Vietnam

CONTACT

11A Nhieu Tu Street, Ward 7, Phu Nhuan District, HCMC

“

“

I strongly believe that we can accomplish anything if we but our mind to it. The only limit to our impact is our imagination and commitment.

ACTIVITY

nguyenthaopham225@ gmail.com 0972688298

AMBITION I look forward to applying my knowledge and experience of site survey and concept development on real projects.

As a recently graduated student, I aspire to experience and learn more about practical experience, as well as sharpen my own skills

01

Workshop: City space and city life A comparison between Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City

SKILL

2016 Global Design Studio LiveABILITY Vietnam

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03 04 05 06 02

HOUSING TISSUE PROJECT URBAN DESIGN PROJECT URBAN VILLAGE PROJECT GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE VILLAGE BY THE HILL PERSONAL ART

01

HOUSING TISSUE PROJECT

Design concept project / year 2 Location

The project is located in Binh Tan District, adjacent to Binh Tan Industrial park.

Low income workers accounted for the largest part of the residents in surveyed area.

03

FLEXIBLE HOUSING UNIT Designed for four people Total flat area: 60.6 m2 The main idea is to create an apartment with flexibility. That is the reason why the sofa in living room can turn into a bed, and the living room itself can turn into the third bedroom.

The apartment uses wide front door and window to catch wind and sunlight in order to reduce electric energy.

PLAN SCALE 1/100

ELEVATION SCALE 1/100

SECTION A-A’ SCALE 1/50

04

IMPLEMENTATION OF HOUSING UINITS INTO APARTMENT DESIGN

The “Flexible housing unit”, together with another two types of housing unit, were put together to create apartment complex with functional park.

05

Figure 1.1: Public-private space

Figure 1.2: Circulation

Figure 1.3: Parking coeďŹ cient

Figure 1.4: Vertical access

06

PRINCIPLE OF ARRANGING HOUSING UNITS

3 5

The main concept here is to create wave-shaped structure based on the different height of the buildings in order to avoid monotonous building. Besides that, different-height building also help promote different viewpoints for residents. In order to develop that concept, we have ďŹ ve modules in our design.

1

4

2

Figure 1.5: Arranging concept

07

Figure 1.6: Module 1 The L modules is located at the corner of the site in order to create the privacy for the site. In addition, this module can create the space within it which is quite private from the outsider so that residents can be comfortable there.

Figure 1.7: Module 2 This model is also located at the corner of the site and have space within it.

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Figure 1.8: Module 3 This parallel module create the landscape run along within it. The bridge is not only the mean of connection between two blocks but also give residents another view to the landscape under it.

Figure 1.9: Module 4 This module is developed from the parallel module with some differences to create diversity.

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Figure 1.10: Module 5 This module is the highlight for the site. it has 9 oors with elevator and great view to the main park of the site.

BINH TAN HOUSING TISSUE PROJECT: The project took place in a vacant space which is adjacent to Binh Tan Industrial Park.

The project aim is to develop housing typologies that can respond to the following issues: Available for low-income worker residents, Resilient against the pollution of the industrial park, Adaptable to the changing lifestyles, Promoting open space for social gathering.

The design concept is to make a center park in order to create public space for the inhabitants, especially a playground for children, and also promote fresh air.

Moreover, each block also has small garden for growing vegetable for the daily uses of its residents.

The housing units were put together in the way that form wave-shaped structures based on the different height of the buildings in order to avoid monotonous complex.

Moreover, the arrangements of the units also aim to create open balcony at some point to promote more social interaction within a block.

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02

URBAN DESIGN PROJECT Urban Design Studio / Year 3 Kim Bien Market

11

SITE ANALYSIS Location The project took place at the area surrounding famous Kim Bien Market in District 5. The site is adjacent to District 11, District 6 and District 8 across Tau Hu Canal. The main street axis of the site are Hai Thuong Lan Ong Street and Vo Van Kiet Street.

Figure 2.1: Site location Historical development

Diagram 2.1: Historical Development Kim Bien Market was established in the 1960s, located in District 5 (Old Cholon), in Ho Chi Minh City.

The physical elements of the survey area changed dramatically from a canal surrounded by few houses in around 1778 to a hustle and bustle market place.

Initially, the market operated spontaneously to exchange, buy and sell dollars and supplies. After 1975, the market was converted to small businesses to rent stalls to trade many items, among them, the most famous is industrial chemicals and food chemicals. This is a place to store many old vestiges of a mixed culture of Chinese and a few Indians.

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PHYSICAL ELEMENTS ANALYSIS

Figure 2.2: Use of building

Figure 2.3: Land use

Traffic is quite crowded in the morning. Most people ride motorbikes straight into the market. Spontaneous parking is the majority (concentrating in front of shops and market entry points) and being used more by people than parking places. Roads such as Van Tuong and Go Cong roads, etc. are under construction, so traffic is quite congested.

Figure 2.4: Vehicle flow 13

SOCIAL ELEMENTS ANALYSIS

Figure 2.5: Product type classiďŹ cation

The population is Chinese and Vietnamese people, people have good and close social interaction because this is a large population, busy market.

The main activity here is trading. No entertainment activities found. Major trading products are industrial chemicals, handicrafts, and home-based chemicals.

The residents are mainly small traders, owners of restaurants, ...

Figure 2.6: Trading actvities during a day 14

DESIGN CONCEPT

Figure 2.7: Figure ground

Figure 2.8: Street axis-Node

No Impact

Built new Community Building Market Shophouse Shophouse Residential house

Figure 2.11: Zoning

Repaired type 1

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Reserved

Figure 2.10: Impact Level

Repaired type 2

Figure 2.9: Green Axis

ALLEY IMPROVEMENT

Problem: Existing alleys don’t meet government’s standard for safety and emergency access

Figure 2.12: Existing Alleys However, because the alleys’ characteristics here need to be preserved as they are part of this place history and culture (Families in one alley are often related to each other.

Our group action is to slightly widen some alleys to meet safety regulations.

Figure 2.13: Planned Alleys

The area in Ngo Nhan Tinh Street is so chaos and the alleys are too small, therefore we decided to clear houses there and build a small apartment (50 houses are affected).

16

HOUSING TYPOLOGY

Our group proposed market shop houses typology with 2-3m setback to allow parking in front of the shop in order to solve traffic jam in the market area Furthermore, the surveyed area has many houses which have historical and cultural values. Such housing typology needed to be preserved and developed.

Proposed housing guideline: Building density: 70-80% Set back: 0-3m Storeys: 2-4 Roof: Tile roof Style of window and door: French

Repaired type 2: Market shophouses

OPEN SPACE DEVELOPMENT

Project phases: Stage 1: Develop the infrastructure and purifying the cannal’s water Stage 2: Develop the landscape in order to encourage activities and economic for the next stage’s development Stage 3: Repair housing facade and typology according to the guideline

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DETAILED DESIGN: RECONNECT WATERFRONT The main idea is to create more open space for the residential area and reconnect the water element in the area. At present, the Tau Hu Canal riverfront is a potential open space but it is being deserted due to heavy traffic on Vo Van Kiet Street. My proposal is to regenerate the riverfront in order to make it become an attractive open space to encourage more public activities.

AIM

Enhance local’s lives by more open space

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Develop more open space based on local’s existing elements such as river, road,…

Encourage more public activities

ACTIONS Construct an open space on the riverfront.

Have suitable regulation to develop street vendors in order to enhance the public space on pavement.

Create diverse activities for different group of people..

Planning activities for different period such as day, night and festival.

Enhance the value of buildings

Efficient transport network

Create building guideline for an attractive façade which have unity but still keep existing’s value.

Create a friendly and attractive pedestrian road Solve conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles

Building still keep some valuable architectural features of the area but also have new, modern feature.

Additional elements such as canopy in front of a house must not downgrade the value of it.

Plant more suitable trees for more shade.

Connection way from the Hang Bang Canal to the river front.

Construct pedestrian bridge

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B 3

A

1

A’

2

4 B’

Figure 2.14: Master plan 1 Pedestrian bridge 2 Square 3 Cafe shop 4 Waterfront steps

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Figure 2.16: Section B-B’ 20

Cafe shop

Square

Waterfront steps

Figure 2.15: Section A-A’ Lantern

Pot bench

Wooden canopy

Figure 2.17: Perspective 21

LIGHTING GUIDELINE

AMENITIES GUIDELINE

22

Bamboo grass

Armeria maritima

Aster

Yarrow

Crescentia cujete

Rosa multiflora

VEGETATION GUIDELINE

03

URBAN VILLAGE PROJECT

What is urban village?

In urban planning and design, an urban village is an urban development typically characterized by medium-density housing, mixed use zoning, good public transit and an emphasis on pedestrianization and public space.

Reduce car reliance and promote cycling, walking and transit use

Help facilitate strong community institutions and interaction

Urban design project / year 3 Location

The project is located in Thanh Da peninsula, Binh Thanh district. Most parts of the project area is populated with low level dwellings. The island is dotted with rice paddies, market gardens, and ďŹ shing ponds - a countryside within Ho Chi Minh City.

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Urban village’s Provide a high GOAL level of self-con-

tainment (people working, recreating and living in the same area)

CASE STUDY - URBAN AGRICULTURE

Millharbour Village The aim of Millharbour Village was to create a sense of place and residential identity whilst satisfying the need to create a 1500 new homes within a restricted site on the Isle of Dogs.

Key to the success of Millharbour Village is the creation of a characterful public realm and playful landscape that is able to tell a story about the history of the site. The public realm will become the glue between the various components of the scheme.

Lima - Peru

Lima, built as the foundation of the Spanish “City of the Kings” in 1535, is the capital of Peru and the fifth largest metropolitan area in Latin America Despite the accelerated urban growth in the last few years, agriculture is still being practiced in the areas around Lima and to a lesser extent within the city itself.

The most important crops grown are vegetables, grass, and forage in Rimac; fruit orchards, vegetables, ornamental plants, and maize in the valley of the Lurin river; and maize and aromatic plants in the valley of the Chillón. On a much smaller scale, urban agriculture is carried out in small spaces (patios, flower pots, small public spaces) ranging from 1 m2 to 10,000 m2. The crops grown in these areas are mostly used for home consumption and usually no chemicals are used in the cultivation.

24

Accra (Ghana)

Accra is the capital and largest city in Ghana, located on the western coast of Africa.

Accra has a long history of urban agriculture and has been the subject of numerous studies on the topic.

Backyard gardening remains a socially accepted activity even today. Open-space farming, on the other hand, receives mixed feedback as does livestock farming in the city center and the use of polluted water for irrigation of vegetables. Besides backyard and open-space crop production, fish farming/ aquaculture, livestock farming, floriculture/ornamentals, small ruminants and poultry, and non-traditional farming (e.g., snails and mushrooms) are popular.

THEME ISSUES OF SURVEYED AREA

abandoned farm land Inefficient dyke

Natural condition Water pollution

Flooding

Vacant land

different in landscape

Physical

Neglectful Resources Abandoned riverfront

lack of common ground

Separated

Abandoned landscape

The natural condition in Thanh Da peninsula, as presented in stage 1 of the project, has some serve problems which we take into consideration such as flooding and water pollution. The flooding is due to inefficient dyke which keep the water inside some low ground in the peninsula after heavy rain.

Natural condition leads to the waste of resources in this area. The water pollution which lead to soil pollution and result in vacant land which used to be farmland.

Flooding make the riverfront receive little care and landscape design.

Social different lifestyle

IDEA AND VISION

Separate

Because of different characteristics of each area and in attempt to create identifiable neighborhood (neighborhood with strong characteristics and lifestyle which is not effected by surrounding neighborhoods), we separated the peninsula base on natural condition and main road system.

Develop

In each distinct neighborhood, we create a place for people to live, learn, work and entertain. In general, a self-contained area which boundary so that their lifestyle won’t be overwhelmed by others. We called them villages. In each village, we try to solve their issue depend on their existing ecology, and use green methods.

Reconnect

In the boundary between villages, we create common land with common facilities where people in different villages can hangout and know what happen around them. We create street system to connect these villages in some aspect.

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CONNECTION BETWEEN VILLAGES

The villages are connected by system of main road, bicycle road and waterway.

ECCO “VILLAGES” 26

URBAN FARM VILLAGE

MANAGE NATURAL PROBLEM BASE ON ECOLOGICAL METHOD - THE USE OF WETLAND

Manage natural problem Reclaim land Wetland is well-known for its ability to discourage flood by reducing the flow and filter water. The wetland systems here combine of two part: mangrove wetland and grass wetland. Mangrove wetland play an important role in reduce salinity in water while grass wetland reduces ascend and other pollutants. In addition to that, we use “filter road” along river and canal to clean underground water. Besides that, break crop technique is recommended in order to reduce soil salinity.

Enhance life MAIN CONCEPT

This area of the peninsula was initially the area used mainly for agriculture, however it is now mostly abandoned due to flooding and water and earth pollution. In addition to that, this area also suffer from lacking of essential facilities such as parks, health service,… The main vision in this area is to regenerate farming activities and enhance life. In order to do so, we must first solve the natural problem.

Inner wetland

Sun flower Duckweed (Helianthus) (Limna minor)

Outer wetland

Figure 3.1: Type of wetland 27

Typhaceae

Reed

RECLAIM LAND FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE

Figure 3.2: Vegetation distribution Figure 3.3: Topography

Green house Low-flood tolerance spieces

High-flood tolerance spieces

We regenerate farming land on the lower ground of the area. The area along the river have more likeliness to be effected by flood, so high-flood tolerance spices are recommended such as rice, water spinach,.... The area inland is recommended for low-flood tolerance spices such as durian, papaya,… The small area is deigned to be cluster of green houses to make use of the vertical planting.

28

ENHANCE LIFE BY PROVIDING AMENITIES AND ENHANCE INFRASTRUCTURE In order to enhance people lives, we add facilities such as park, community hall, health service, kindergarten, entertainment places, grocery stores,‌. Grocery store is essential in community life and is place on the corner of the street for easy access.

Figure 3.4: Park distribution

Low-land peserved for park

Community park Common land between villages

Figure 3.5: Facilities distribution Kindergarten Community hall + health servive Entertainment (cafe, restaurant, bookstore,..)

Grocery store

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Street network and boundary Figure 3.6: Existing and plammed streets

Figure 3.8: Types of streets

Existing street

Primary street

Planned street

Secondary street

Figure 3.7: Streets’ function

Figure 3.9: Boundary and gateway

Goods transport

Gateway

Filter road

Tree boundary

Internal road Bicycle, pedestrian road

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Street classiďŹ cation and street materials

Figure 3.10: Primary street section

Figure 3.11: Secondary street section

Figure 3.12: Filter road section 31

All the street here will be enhanced to become green street (as picture). Since the trafďŹ c density here is moderately low, the use of green road is possible. The green road has aim to be environment friendly, and lower the speed of vehicle entering the village.

URBAN FARM VILLAGE KEY DESIGN Figure 3.13: Location

Reference

Tourism village Fish village Farm village Main road Site boundary

Main concept

Vacant land

High land

more productive

DEVELOP HIGH-TECH GREENHOUSE

Less flooding

Require investment in infrastructure

Output

Input

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DESIGN CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Education Technology transfer

Waste water management Canteen

Figure 3.14: Main transportation system

Water pump

r te en c t ce en use pla m e ho e ag re om an Wa elc M w ist ur o T

Canteen

Main road

Canteen

Research center

Agriculture Greenhouses

Site boundary Primary road

Outside people

Showroom

Old residential area

Node New residential area

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Figure 3.15: Functional map

Education + Showroom Working area Park New residential

Agriculture Land Park

Old residential area

EXISTING ROAD IDENTIFY IMPORTANT NODE ASSIGN MAIN FUNCTION DEVELOP DETAILS

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Water pump

Old residential area

Interaction

Figure 3.16: Interactions between functions

20 0m

34

100 50

200

Figure 3.17: Section A-A’

Figure 3.18: Section B-B’

the incoming waste is blended and bioaugmented with oxygen to support downstream aerobic digestion

Main road Secondary road

Main road

Internal road

Secondary road

Figure 3.20: Internal transportation map

Figure 3.19: Transportation map 35

VEGETATION GUIDELINE WETLAND No

LANDSCAPE PLANT

Name

Feature

1

Duckweed

2

Image

No

Name

Feature

float on or just beneath the surface of still fresh water and wetlands

1

milkwood-pine

It is a glabrous tree and grows up to 40 m (130 ft) tall. Recomended heigh: 15-20m

Helianthus pauciflorus

a perennial herb sometimes as tall as 2 meters (80 inches) tall

2

Golden rain tree

The golden rain tree is a medium-sized tree. Recomended height: 3-6m

3

Typhaceae

It usually grows along the edge of the lake, height 1-3m

3

Queen's crape-myrtle

It is a small to medium-sized tree.

Recomended height: 10-15m

4

Vetiver

Vetiver can grow up to 150 centimetres (5 ft) high and form clumps as wide.

4

Peony

Most are 0.25–1 metre tall, but some are woody shrubs 0.25–3.5 metres tall.

5

Cyperus alternifolius

Aquatic plants are able to absorb ammonia and arsenic very well.

5

Golden trumpet

It is a species of flowering plant of the genus Allamanda in the family Apocynaceae.

6

Elephant grass

Suitable for tropical climate and capable of treating N, P pollution

6

Chinese hibiscus

Evergreen shrub or small tree growing 2.5–5 m (8–16 ft) tall and 1.5–3 m (5–10 ft) wide.

SOME EXAMPLE OF AGRICULTURE PLANT No

Name

Feature

1

Durian

The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres long and 15 centimetres in diameter, and is typically weighs 1 to 3 kg

2

Jackfruit

The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands, and its fruit reaching as much as 35 kg in weight

3

Mango

4

Longan

5

Papaya

6

Citrus

Image

SOME EXAMPLE OF AGRICULTURE PLANT Image

Mango trees grow to 35–40 m tall, with a crown radius of 10 m. Ripe mangoes give off a distinctive resinous, sweet smell.

The longan tree is a medium-sized evergreen that can grow up to 6 to 7 metres in height.

The papaya is a small, sparsely branched tree, usually with a single stem growing from 5 to 10 m tall

It prefers alluvial soil, and a cool, moist climate, but is widely adaptable.Yield is high, with an average fruit weight of 150–250 g

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No

Name

Feature

7

Psidium guajava

Tree height: 3-6m. Tree radius: 5-7m. The fruit is typically weighs 500-700gr

8

Leafy greens

Leafy green are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, such as lettuce and spinach...

9

Cucumber

The cucumber is a creeping vine that roots in the ground and grows up frames

10

Tomato

The plants typically grow to 1–3 meters in height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants

Image

Greenhouses

Control room Field irrigation system

37

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04

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Creating a resilient, sustainable and lively neighborhood using green infrastructure

Urban design project / year 4 Location

The project is located in Binh Thanh District and adjacent to OfďŹ cer Academy Ho Chi Minh City. Overall, the surveyed site is in a very dense residential area. Moreover, the site also has sloppy topography feature spread from high land at Binh Hoa crossroad to the main water low stream of Cau Son canal. Because of these features, this site is lake of green space and is prone to ooding.

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SITE ANALYSIS: FLOODING - INFRASTRUCTURE 0m

100

200

Houses are much higher than street Equal to steet

Figure 4.1: Topography level

Higher than steet

Alley are lower than main street

Lower than steet

Houses which different cote

0m

100

200

Houses which different cote

From the TOPOGRAPHY LEVEL map, we can see that this area’s height is decrease, from No Trang Long Street to Cau Son Canal.

The Canal area used to be the lowest part and the drainage for the area. However, due to housing development at the area along Cau Son Canal, the middle part now is the lowest part. Therefore, the middle part is severely affected by flooding.

Figure 4.2: Storm water flow 40

0m

100

Flooding in small alley.

200

Houses in the middle part flooded as a result of the development of houses along the cannal.

The FLOODING AREA map shows which area is flooded during rain as well as the flood level of each area. As mentioned above, the middle part is affected the most. Furthermore, the middle part used to be a swamp, which the canal flow into. However, now people here built houses and road to cover up the swamp, which make the flooding worst.

The section below shows the different in topography levels. In the section B-B’ we can see the part that used to be the swamp in the middle part and houses on the pile, as well as the contrast between buildings in the middle part and these along the canal. The buildings in the middle part are belong mainly to low income household while building along the canal is for middle and high-income people. From that, we can understand that the low-income people in the middle part are affected by flooding the most.

Figure 4.3: Flooding area

Figure 4.4: Section A-A’

Figure 4.5: Section B-B’

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FLOODING CLASSIFICATION

Inappropriate drainage pipe slope and overloaded main pipe

Downgraded pipe

Cote

Overall, there are three main reasons behind flooding in this area. First of all, there is the inappropriate pipe slope and overloaded main pipe. This is because the alleys are lower than the main street, which results in the drainage pipes in the alleys are equal to or lower than the main pipes in the street. Therefore, when the main pipes become overloaded, the storm water will come back to the alley pipes and floods the alley area as well as the residential households. The second type is downgraded pipe, which results in flooding in the area around sewer’s manhole. The third reason for flooding in this area is due to the cote. The lower parts, especially alleys, are more vulnerable to flooding. Houses which are lower than streets or alleys are also flooded.

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DESIGN CONCEPT MINI GREENING CONCEPT BIOSWALE AND GREEN STREET

Inappropriate drainage pipe slope

Inappropriate drainage pipe slope OVER LOADED INFRASTRUCTURE

DENSE AREA

UNLOADING SYSTEM

Bioswale

Green alley

Inappropriate drainage pipe slope

The root cause of the three main reasons behind flooding in this dense area is overloaded infrastructure. Therefore, our group solution is to integrate small green infrastructure into pavements, alleys and park. This is because in this dense area, we do not want to affect the existing too much.

High Point, Seatle

Figure 4.6: Bioswale Referrence

Bullitt Center, Seatle

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Bainbridge Island, Seatle

Rego Park, Queens, New York City

Queens, New York City

Figure 4.7: Green streets - Reference

The concept of green alleys is to reduce the concretization in alleys for better drainage.

This can be done by both paving with grass as well as small bioswale or green space inside alleys.

Detroit

Green Alley - Midtown, Detroit

St. Blaise area, in the East of Paris

Green Alley , Detroit

Green Alley , Detroit

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The New York Restoration Project

Quartier de la Morinais - Les cœurs d'Îlot

CASESTUDY

The Metropolitan Promenade Columbia, Maryland The Metropolitan Promenade taught me about the design of bioswales along street and park. However, I consider the playground elements is not very suitable along the street in the research site due to heavy trafďŹ c and narrow pavement.

Qunli Stormwater Park Haerbin, China Qunli Stormwater Park was designed by Kongjian Yu who considers landscape design as a tool to address the issue of survival, not pleasure making or ornament. This project philosophy is to preserve the natural and give function to a landscape. This park functions as a stormwater park to solve ooding problem. The design took place mostly at the fringe of the park, leaving the inner part for habitat preservation.

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CONCEPT PLAN Water flow direction

Bioswale intergrate with commercial area Bioswale intergrate with social area Sponge park Bioswale intergrate with recration area Bioswale intergrate with residential area

Figure 4.8: General concept plan GENERAL CONCEPT DIAGRAM FLOODING: Solve flooding problem

- Using bioswale intergrated with pavement and open space such as park to enhance the drainage system as well as purify the water.

ECOLOGY: Restore and maintain a self-sustaining and diverse site ecology using green infrastructure.

- Restore and maintain the old swamp - the old drainage area of this site - which local vegetation.

- Using bioswale as a green infrastructure for flooding problem.

AIM 3

AIM 1

ACTION PLAN

AIM 2

AIM

SENSE OF PLACE: Recreate an old - Restore and maintain the old swamp as an old, unique feature of and fading feature of this area and this site. organize open space for suitable - Organize a public space for four main activities mentioned. activities

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Solve Flooding

VISION Resilient, sustainable and lively neighborhood

Sense of place

Ecology

DESIGN PART 1: BIOSWALE ON STREET

0m

A

B

A’

B’

G

100

200

G’

E E’ C D D’

C’

F F’

Bioswale intergrate with social area

Bioswale intergrate with residential area

Bioswale intergrate with commercial area

Bioswale intergrate with recration area

SECTION A-A’ On this retail street, the bioswale is designed to have 2 lanes. First is for better water management on this large sidewalk. Secondly, the two lanes of bioswales create on open in the middle which can be used for seating and walking.

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SECTION B-B’ Section B-B’ is still on Chu Van An Street. The bioswale here is designed to have to 2 lanes for better water management and also for a resting place in the middle. There are crosswalk paving for every 15m.

SECTION C-C’ Section C-C’ is on Ngo Duc Ke Street where the sponge park and the school are located. The bioswale on the park side includes 2 lanes, one is on the sidewalk and the other is in the park.

The open space on the school side is used for parking in the morning and the afternoon to avoid traffic congestion during school start and end.

SECTION D-D’ Section D-D’ is still on Ngo Duc Ke Street. The bioswale here is designed to has only 1 lane. There are crosswalk paving for every 15m.

SECTION E-E’ Section E-E’ is on Nguyen Khuyen Street.

The sidewalk on this site is only 4m width and is used mainly for transportation.

Therefore, the bioswale here is designed to has only 1 lane.

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SECTION F-F’ Section F-F’ is on Bui Dinh Tuy Street which is at the edge of our boundary. The bioswale here is designed to have 1 lane. There are crosswalk paving for every 15m.

SECTION G-G’ Section G-G’ is on Phan Van Tri Street. Due to the fact that there is currently a tree strip in the middle of the street so it will be taken advantage to become a bioswale.

DESIGN PART 2: SPONGE PARK

25 0m

49

75 50

100

1. SCENIC STAIRCASE

SPONGE PARK’S MAIN CONCEPT The sponge park’s main function is for drainage, and preventing flooding in the survey area.

Therefore, this park main theme is bioswales. For that reason, the park is design with many bioswale instead of normal planting area. Furthermore, the bioswales in the park as well as on the street are connected to the pond and to the canal. The storm water in the bioswale on Nguyen Khuyen, Ngo Duc Ke and in the park will slowly flow into the pond. On the other hand, storm water of Chu Van An, Bui Dinh Tuy and Phan Van Tri will flow into the Cau Son Canal.

Figure 4.9 :Scenic staircase and floating plank cote

The staircases are the highline and the main attraction as well as a sense of place of this area.

It is design to have variable cote so that people can have great view over the pond and the river side.

Because the pond is supported to be natural and self-sufficient, therefore its design must limit the interact of people to its core.

2. FLOATING PLANK

The floating plank is located at the edge of the pond and is designed to have different cote so that visitors can have different view as well as feeling when they come there.

Following the principle of Kongjian Yu, it is design only on the edge, so that the core of the pond can be preserved for its ecology.

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3. SKATING PLACE This site of the park is designed mainly for skating due to the fact that it is the most well-known activities of teenagers living in this area. However, since the bioswale, the main theme of this park must be the lower than the rest of the park apart from the pond. Therefore, the curbs are designed to replace slopes for skating.

4. CHILDREN PLAYGROUND As mentioned in the analysis, this area has no open space, especially for small children. To reach the vision and aims, this park is designed to have small children playground which is surrounded by sitting place for their families.

5. PARK SQUARE

Park square is designed for group gathering as well as a highlight of the part. This place is decorated with large sitting place which can be used both as chair or table for recreation such as playing chess.

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Bench

Scenic stair

AMENITIES GUIDELINE

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Nodding onion

Black eyed susan flower

Cone flower

Blue flag iris

Typha orientalis

Pennisetum purpureum Schumach

Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn

Red Osaka

Echinodorus Amazonicus

Vertiver grass

VEGETATION GUIDELINE

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VILLAGE BY THE HILL

Location

The research area, which located at Ward 9, near the famous Than Tho tourism hub, not only has the landscape values of Da Lat in general but it also has a very specific and typical image.

It is an image of a garden town surrounded by a majestic natural landscape which are the lake system that is formed from the French period and the mountain forest system. This landscape characteristic in combination with its strategic location near a tourism hub, lead to enormous opportunities in developing tourism landscape.

However, the landscape of this “valley town” is being threaten by the unplanned development of urbanization and agriculturalization. The aim of this project is to recognize the key elements that make the main characteristic of this “valley town”. This lay as a stepping stone to develop the landscape, which not only help to protect and enhance the place “Image” but also create a sustainable income from tourism.

Urban design project / final project

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SITE ANALYSIS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT Figure 5.1: Historical development TIMELINE OF NATURE

TIMELINE OF URBANIZATION

1920 From 1916, more French people came to Da Lat to commemorate their homeland since the world war hindered them from returning, which marked the development of Da Lat in general. the research area was initially Vietnamese quarter. However, from 1920-1937, this area remained quite pristine Moreover, in that time, Than Tho Lake was a swamp.

1937 In 1933, a new refurbishment program was set up bay architect Pineau in a more pragmatic way, this started a new development wave in Da lat. The year 1937 witnessed many developments in the research area: - French stemmed Cam Ly stream and constructed 8.5 ha large water reservoirs to water Da Lat City, called Lac Des Soupris (Than Tho Lake).

- Cite Saint Benoit was built for wealthy Vietnamese bourgeoisie in 1937.

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TIMELINE OF NATURE

TIMELINE OF URBANIZATION

1952 The year 1952 was one of the last year of the French colonial period. At this time, the Saint Benoit resident area around Lac Saint Benoit (Me Linh Lake) was quite completed with many French villas ickering among pine trees. This area also had facilities such as market, hospital and hotel (Catrinat Hotel which is the military hospital at present).

1963 In 1967, under Sai Gon Government period, there was a several changes in name such as Than Tho Lake (Lac Des Soupris), Me Linh Lake (Lac Saint Benoit), Me Linh residential area (Cite Saint Benoit). Many migrants moved to this place which made it more crowded.

There was a new Me Linh Residential area built ro the North East of Me Linh Lake.

Agriculture started to develop in area along Ho Xuan Huong Street.

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TIMELINE OF NATURE

TIMELINE OF URBANIZATION

2008 After 1975, the area witnessed a dramatic development of urbanization. The pine hill surrounding the East of Than Tho Lake was completely replaced by agriculture plastic houses. Within the research site, agriculture activities expanded along Ho Xuan Huong Street. Moreover, Me Linh Lake was filled and became agricultural land.

2018 At present, the agriculturalization and urbanization are happening at a slower rate.

On September 26, 2010, The People Commitee of Da Lat officially started repairing and upgrading Me Linh Reservoir, which completed in 2012. The lake contributes to regulate the flow system, prevent storm water from flooding the area, improve the environment, climate and tourism activities in the area.

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Historical Meaning Strength: There are residential areas formed early with clear transportation networks In the past, this was the area with a system of villas and gardens belonging to the French period Diversity of French architectural style villas which has great value.

There are many surviving historical symbols: + Than Tho Lake - Lac Des Soupris + Me Linh Lake - Lac Saint Benoit + Me Linh Residential area - Cite Saint Benoit + Tung Nguyen Hill - The camping place of Scouts during 1930 and 1975.

Weakness Historical building remained in small number and are in a state of degradation.

Historical values are fading. While Than Tho Lake is recognized as cultural historical heritage in 1998. Me Linh Lake, on the other hand is being ignored.

Figure 5.2: Historical meaning 57

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BUILDING CONTEXT Figure 5.3: Morphology

Morphology Overall, building density in the research area is quite low. The densest area is Me Linh residential area and area opposite to Chi Lang Market. These areas mainly consist of row houses which have 3 to 5 meters in width dimension. Other areas of the research site are primarily occupied by garden houses, which result in low density. However, many garden houses use plastic houses which covered up many open space. The natural element such as pine hill and water space account for the largest proportion of open space in the area.

Figure 5.4: Building ‘scondition

Figure 5.5: Building’s floor

Building condition Building condition in the research area is divided into three categories: Solid building; Semi-Solid building; Temporary building.

Solid buildings and Semi-Solid buildings mainly occupy along main streets such as Ho Xuan Huong Street, Me Linh Street, Truong Van Hoan Street. These building are newly built or well preserved, they contribute to urban’s landscape.

Temporary buildings, on the other hand, are located mainly near Me Linh lake and Tung Nguyen Hill. These buildings are mainly encroached buildings, which damage the natural landscape.

Building storey The most common building height in the research area is 1 storey. These houses usually have large garden for agriculture purpose and mainly locate along Me Linh Street and Ho Xuan Huong Street. 2 storeys houses and 3 storeys houses are mainly row houses. These houses locate primarily in the Me Linh residential area and Chi Lang Market residential area, in form of row houses and shop houses. Despite the low differentiation in building height, the topography feature in combine with the building height still create an undulating landscape.

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Figure 5.6: Buildings with historical values Overall, the site inherited many different French architectural styles villas from different French regions. However, each style has low number of buildings, most of which are downgraded. Nevertheless, there are well preserved and repaired villas used as residential houses and public building (healthcare building). These building show great value in constructing urban landscape.

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VISUAL IMAGE ANALYSIS USING KEVIN LYNCH’S IMAGE OF THE CITY THEORY IMAGEABILITY ANALYSIS Roads The road system is easy to identify because of the landmarks: the system of lakes and canals as well as the peaks, especially the peak of Langbian Mountain in the North. In addition, the spatial quality system is especially easy to identify due to the terrain and landscape environment create curve movement streets.

Edges Edge system is formed by natural elements (Cam Ly Channel) and main road system.

Nodes The system of important nodes is mainly the intersection of traffic, where observers need to make decisions to go to different districts.

Districts The research area can be divided into 5 districts with specific characteristics: Zone A is a residential area alternating with agriculture which has a high rate of agriculture concentrates, espicially along Ho Xuan Huong Street; Zone B is a residential area originating from 1952, 1963; Zone C: is a relatively new residential area; Zone D is a lakeside residential area; Zone E is an ecological area combined with tourism, including a complex of Than Tho lake and Tung Nguyen hill.

Figure 5.7: Kevin Lynch’s image analysis 61

Overall, the views from the bottom up is quite clear. On main streets like Ho Xuan Huong, Me Linh, Ngo Van So, observers can have a good view to Tung Nguyen Pine Hill, Hon Bo Hill and part of Langbian mountains.

However, the view to Me Linh lake from Me Linh street is obscured by invaded buildings. On the other hand, the views from Tung Nguyen Hill to the site are obscured by invaded houses and plastic houses.

Figure 5.8: Diagram summary elements creating characteristics of

the area

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The main factors that create the image of the area: Lake canal system (acting as the edge and landmark) Mountain peaks covered by pine trees Interweaving between buildings and trees Productive agricultural landscape

VIEW AXIS AND VIEWPOINT ANALYSIS Valuable view The research area has a wide array of valuable views, which can be divided into 3 categories: View to prominent natural features; View to residential area with speciďŹ c characteristics; View to agriculture productive landscape.

Valuable view to natural features include two main features: Pine Hill and Lake system.

View to residential area include two main theme: Garden residential area layered with trees and vegetation, Historical area which consists of Chi Lang market and the old Catrinat hotel.

View to agriculture productive landscape in the valleys where the canal ows.

Blocking elements There are two main prominent view arc are mountain covered with forest view and lake view. These two main view are threatened by two main blocking features: Urbanization and Agriculturalization.

Urbanization in horizontal and vertical axis poses a threat.

Horizontal development creating dense residential area threaten the open view. Moreover, the tendency of buildings encroaching Tung Nguyen Hill causes the forest to shrink. While, unplanned vertical development obscures the view to mountain covered with forest.

Agriculturalization threaten the view by invading natural feature such as pine hill (as being seen now at Hon Bo Hill) and lake (as seen before at Me Linh Lake in the past).

Figure 5.9: View Analysis - Valuable View and Blocking Element 63

VALUABLE VIEW POINT ANALYSIS Overall, the site has many valuable views from natural landscape to buildings interweaving with vegetation and productive landscape. Moreover, this site has great potential in creating urban “balcony� on Tung Nguyen Hill to have panorama view of the area.

However, the current view quality is not good due to the invasion of buildings and plastic houses and the shrinking of Tung Nguyen pine hill.

The research area belongs to a eco-tourism hub (Than Tho hub), therefore it is vital to protect and enhance valuable views as a base for tourism development which can bring income to the area.

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ORIENTED PLANNING

Located at the Gateway of Da Lat and Nha Trang route Near Than Tho Lake and Ai An Hill tourism hub

PROBLEM

Have Tung Nguyen Pine Hill

REASON

A famous residential area, a potential tourism area which is gradually loosing its landscape value.

Urban sprawl and unplanned agriculturalization - Me Linh lake used to be ďŹ lled for agriculture.

- At the moment, pine hill is shinking

Water/ Lake system (Powerful Landscape value inherited from French period)

Forgotten landscape - Me Linh lake used does not reach its potential nor serve the residents in research area.

Cold Atmosphere Pine hill (Urban forest) Garden city (Interweaving between buildings and open garden) Argriculture landscape (Argriculture landscape in valley with canal passing throgh)

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Kevin Lynch-The image of a city

Urban Village principles

Aim

SOLUTION

Enhance landscape characteristics

Take advantage of urban forest

Create forest boundary

Exploit the panorama view of the area

Transplant pine tree

Design logic and Strategy Water Forest

Climate

“Valley town”’s landscape charateristic

Identify

Guide

Mountain hill

Garden town

Agricult ure Planning for development of “Valley town” viewscape and Image

Turning landscape advantage into economic value

Action

Regenerated waterscape

Create “Urban Balcony” with viewpoints

Create water path sytem to enhance the iteraction between people and water

Protect green space Connect Green Space Allow low building density

Protect and enhance airy space between buildings

Promote Agriculture landscape

Forest Path

Water Path

Garden Path

Create view point and linkage to agriculture valley with canal

Agriculture Path 66

DESIGN CONCEPT

Tr u

on

Figure 5.10: Site’s location

g

Ly T

hu

gK

St

an

St

re e

t

t

et

tre hS

ree

Lin

iet

Ho

Me

on

Va n

Ngo Van So Street

Figure 5.11: Activity and Visual linkage planning

Figure 5.12: Green space planning 67

Figure 5.13: Landuse plan

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6

Tr u

3

on

6

Ly T

hu

on

gK

iet

g

Va n

Ho

an

4

St

re e

7

t

9

10

St

8

ree

t

6

Me

9

h Lin

6

et

re St

1 2 3 4 5

Health Care Elementary School Kindergarten Parking Church

6 7 8 9 10

Cafe Shop Restaurant Tasting Area

1

2

Resort Square

Ngo Van So Street

Figure 5.14: Master plan The landscape characteristics as economic process 69

5

4 6

70 Mountainous View

Open field

Urban “Balcony”

Fresh View

Pine Forest

Garden Urban

Historical site

Restaurant 14000 Me Linh Lake

Wetland

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23000 Restaurant

49000 Landscape area

Urban “Balcony”

Wine Tasting Area

Villa reception hall

Figure 5.15: Section Me Linh road - Me Linh lake - Ngo Van So street

8000

25000

Ngo Van So Street

Tasting area

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27500 Landscape

Forest Stair

Hill

Pocket Park Chi Lang Street

12000

24000

Residents

7000

Pocket Park Ly Thuong Kiet Street

Wetland

Figure 5.17: Section Truong Van Hoan street

12000 Cam Ly Stream

8000 Wetland

47500

12000

29000

Pocket Park

Me Linh Street

Park

Farmland

7000

22500 Agriculture

7000 Scenic Street

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45000

22500

kindergarten

Resident

Water Square

Figure 5.16: Section Chi Lang street Ly Thuong Kiet street Me Linh street Me Linh lake

20000 Me Linh Lake

Cafe shop

Water Stair

8000

40000

25000

10000

40000

Truong Van Hoan Street

Pocket Park

Resident

Garden Path

Resident

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GENERAL IDEA: Landscape characteristics as an economic process

- The design area is located at the West of Tung Nguyen Hill which its prominent characteristic being a tourism area, a community space; a garden town area.

Strength:

+ The natural landscape: Forest, Lake, Mountain and Topography + Viewpoints formed by the topography + Long historical Development resulted in diversity of valuable architecture buildings

Weakness:

+ Losing its characteristic + Shrinking pine hill + Wasted Water space + Unplanned urban development

Opportunity:

+ Develop landscape-based tourism

Threat:

+ Unplanned agriculturalization, urban sprawl

- Landscape Characteristic: 5 main characteristic elements: + Historical quarter of Chi Lang Market + Hilltop covered with pine forest + Open view created by topography, layers of houses and vegetation + “Fresh” view created by water surface (water space) + Views to agricultural landscape - Economic Value: 3 kinds of business + Private enterprise: Resort tourism and wine tasting service + State-owned enterprise: Water park landscape Source of fund: Tax from Tourism Enterprise Organizing Festival + Local business: local street food and café shop held in pocket park - Pathway: 4 system of Pathways Forest Path + A boundary against deforestation + Transplant pine tree + Urban Balcony + Promote tourism

- Main Strategy: + Develop Landscape as a base for tourism + Using tourism as a tool to maintain landscape characteristics

Water Path

+ Exploit waterscape for community recreation + Create community open space

Garden Path

+ Protect and Connect Green Spaces: 2 kind of green space: Pocket Park (Empty, Vacant lot) and Household Garden (Low density houses) + Create Open View for “Urban Balcony” + Create View Axis to water surface from three main pocket park points. Together with organize food court and café shop with views

Agricultural Path + Utilize productive landscape

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m Ca p

Hiking

g Jog in

tic

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t Tas in

a Rel xi

in see g

ing

tic

a Did c

in see g

h Sig t

a Rel xi

ng

g

a Did c

ng

AGRICULTURE PATH

h Sig t

e Caf

Urban “Balcony”

Viewpoint

Viewpoint

Water Square

Cafe shop

WATER PATH al

Festiv

g

g Jog in

in see g

h Sig t

a Rel xi

ng

Viewpoint Cafe shop Hydrangea Garden

Figure 5.18: Open space system: Forest Path - Water Path - Agriculture Path 76

FOREST PATH - URBAN “BALCONY” Figure 5.19: Urban Balcony perspective

The concept of Urban “Balcony” is to form a panorama viewpoint for the whole area and promote tourism development. Furthermore, this “Balcony” is also served as a boundary against deforestation from agriculturalization and urbanization. Since the pine hill plays a large role in constructing the landscape characteristics of the area, it need to be preserved. The next step is to transplant the pine tree into the eco-tourism area in order to enlarge the forest area.

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The value of pine

Concept diagram of protect and “produce”

BOUNDARY SHR

INKIN

G

TRANSPLANT

KING

SHRIN

PROTECT

Figure 5.20: Protect and “Produce”

In order to protect the pine forest from the shrinking stage as it is today due to the urbanization and agriculturalization. The concept here is to create a forest walkpath as a boundary against urban sprawl and unplanned agriculture.

Moreover, the idea of transplant pine trees over the boundary to the tourism area as a way to create landscape and increse the pine forest size.

Concept of urban balcony

2m 2m

Pine tree is the famous tree of Da Lat City.

They play a big role in maintaining the characteristics landscape of Da Lat in general. This is beacuse pine trees keep the fog in their leaves, therefore creating the image “City in the Mist” of Da Lat. The research area inherits a pine hill dated back to French period. It can be said that Tung Nguyen Hill in particular and pine forest in general is very important in constructing the site image.

8m

10m

FOREST STAIR CONCEPT

Beside from protecting pine forest, the forest path also plays a role of urban “bancony”, which creating a axis with many viewpoints, and create a panorama view of the site

Figure 5.21: Urban Balcony View

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WATER PATH - WATER SQUARE Figure 5.22: Water square perspective

The waterscape, Me Linh Lake in particular, is not well concerned in the area despite the fact the its residents are desiderating for a open park so that they need not to travel to the Lam Vien Suare. The main concept of the water path is to connect abandoned waterscape in the area.

Furthermore, the concept is also aiming to create a water square for holding festival celebration.

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AGRICULTURE PATH - RESILIENT FARM Figure 5.23: Farm land perspective

Reference

URBAN AGRICULTURE - FLOODING CONCEPT DIAGRAM Source: ASLA 2013 Student Awards, Daniel (Zhicheng) Xu

This area is prone to flooding which severely damage the agriculture production in the area. The concept is to turn this area into resilient farmland which can adapt to the flooding condition by using the mechanic of wetland and short-term crops.

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Tasting area

Factory

Figure 5.24: Eco-tourism perspective CONCEPT OF ECO-TOURISM AREA Da Lat Wine - Ladora Winery “Enjoying the know-how of making famous French wines accumulated and brought to Vietnam when laying the foundation by building the first wine making factory in Dalat since the end of the 19th century, Lam Food Joint Stock Company Dong - Ladofoods has preserved and continues to grow.” _ Ladora Winery website The existing area has the traditional wine-making factory as well as many villa and homestay.

However, they are not well arranged which result in poor landscape and inefficient development. The concept is to create a eco-tourism wine village villas in combination with the transplanting pine trees concept.

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Concept of winery tasting area

The factory of Ladora company, which have root from French period located in the tourism planned area. However, this place is not open for tourism. The concept is to create a tasting place to promote the company name.

Rearrange concept Horizontally, the villas are arranged alternatively in order to maximize the view axis of each villa. Vertical, the villas are arranged with different high base by using either natural topography or Taluy.

Figure 5.25: Villas arrangement concept

PROPOSAL DESIGN

Villa design proposal

Villa design proposal

Tasting area design proposal

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Viewpoint Cafe shop

Resting place

Resting place

ng

a Did c

g Jog in

tic

in see g

h Sig t

Viewpoint

g

e Caf

Cafe shop

Pocket Park

a Rel xi

Cafe shop

Cafe shop

Figure 5.26: Pocket Park system - Garden path 83

Figure 5.27: Garden path concept diagram PROPOSAL

EXISTING Residential

Linkage

Empty plot

Preserved Green space

Garden Path

Reference Pocket Park

Pocket View Axis

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Green spaces in residential areas play an important role in forming a typical image of the region's layers of green houses and trees instead of the condensation of urbanization.

These those green spaces also create a clear view of the hills and mountains in the background for the Urban “Balcony� and villa areas, contributing to promoting tourism in the region. Therefore, the concept is to preserve existing green spaces within the residential area and create a linkage path - garden path in order to connect them.

Furthermore, from these pocket parks, three main view axis will be created to the water surface, using the difference in land height of natural topography of the area. The top of these axis will hold food courts and cafe shop so as to promote local business.

Figure 5.28: Water square perspective

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86 Ageratum Conyzoides

Rose

Typha orientalis

Pennisetum purpureum Schumach

Hydrangea

Cherry Tree

Pine Tree

Willow Tree

Wooden Cabin Cafe shop

Vertiver grass

Black eyed susan flower

Nodding onion

Echinodorus Amazonicus

AMENITIES GUIDELINE

Wooden pergola

Cafe table

Bench

Scenic stair

VEGETATION GUIDELINE

06

PERSONAL ART

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THANK YOU