Solution Manual For Statistics A Tool for Social Research and Data Analysis 11e Joseph F. Healey

Solution Manual For Statistics A Tool for Social Research and Data Analysis 11e Joseph F. Healey Christopher Donoghue ANSWERS TO EVEN-NUMBERED COMPUTATIONAL PROBLEMS CHAPTER 1 1.4 a Nation of birth b Age c Years of school d Occupation e Class f GPA g Major h Legalized Drugs? i Astrological sign j Number of siblings

Nominal I-R I-R Nominal Ordinal I-R Nominal Ordinal Nominal I-R

1.6 a Infant mortality rates % of adults allowed to vote b Before / after Traffic volume Number of accidents Number of fatalities c Before / after Survey d Frequency of harassment Age Major e Type of pick up Number of complaints Time Cost f Race / ethnicity Tolerance g Budget cuts Size of homeless population h Sex Philosophy Major Support / Oppose closing

Discrete Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Continuous

Dependent Independent Independent Dependent Dependent Dependent Independent Dependent Dependent Independent Independent Independent Dependent Dependent Dependent Independent Dependent Independent Dependent Independent Independent Independent Dependent

205

I-R I-R Nominal I-R I-R I-R Nominal I-R Ordinal I-R Nominal Nominal I-R I-R I-R Nominal Ordinal Nominal I-R Nominal Nominal Nominal Ordinal

Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete

Number of visits Does porn cause rape?

1.8 abany abpoor age attend cantrust cappun childs class concong degree educ fear fefam fepol grass gunlaw happy helpblk homosex hrs1 1.

Dependent Dependent

Ordinal Ordinal I-R Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal I-R (but note high score is “8 or more) Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal I-R Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal I-R

I-R Ordinal

Discrete Discrete Continuous1 Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Discrete Continuous1

Variables that measure time could be measured at any level of precision

CHAPTER 2 2.2 a b c d e f g h i j

46.59% 0.0983/15 83:15 = 5.53 56.67% 412:315 = 1.31 0.34 1.79% 178:98 = 1.82 30:32 = 0.94 0.17

2.4 State

1997

2017

206

% Change

Discrete Discrete

New Jersey Iowa Alabama Texas California

4.20 1.82 10.29 6.83 7.99

3.60 4.21 9.02 5.19 4.59

-14.28 131.07 -12.28 -24.04 -42.53

Province Nova Scotia Quebec Ontario Manitoba British Columbia

1997 2.56 1.80 1.56 2.72 2.90

2017 1.15 0.98 1.85 4.07 1.78

% Change -55.31 -45.12 18.81 49.31 -38.56

2.10 Response Time, 2000 21 minutes or more 16–20 minutes 11–15 minutes 6–10 minutes Less than 6 minutes

Frequency (f) 20 90 185 370 210 875

Percentage 2.29 10.29 21.14 42.29 24.00 100.00

Response Time, 2019 21 minutes or more 16–20 minutes 11–15 minutes 6–10 minutes Less than 6 minutes

Frequency (f) 45 95 155 350 250 895

Percentage 5.03 10.61 17.32 39.11 27.93 100.00

CHAPTER 3 3.2 Variable Enrollment Racial / Ethnic Group % College Bound Sport Physical Plant

Mean = 1219.25 Mode = White Mean = 47.63 Mode = Football Median = 6.5 , Mean = 6.75

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3.4 Mean = 3.66, Median = 3.17 3.6 Canadian Provinces and Territories Mean Median

U.S. States Mean Median

2000

2015

48,162 47,300

76,130 69,995

1999 42,116 39,989

2017 60,153 57,051

3.8.

Variable Age Happiness # of partners Relgion

Mean = 42.17 Median = 1 Median = 1 Mean = 1.87 Mode = Protestant

3.10 2009 Mean = 54.25 Median = 53.5

2019 Mean = 60.30 Median = 66

3.12 Pretest Mean = 9.33 Median = 10

Posttest Mean = 12.93 Median = 12

3.14 Variable Income Type of Voice Mail Unlimited Texting Talk Minutes

Mean = 63,429 Mode = visual Mode = Yes Mean = 514

3.16 Variable FamPoor DeathRate Asian

Mean = 9.09, Median = 8.7, Mode = 7.00 Mean = 8.22, Median = 8.2, Mode = 7.2 Mean = 4.29, Median = 2.8, Mode = 1.8

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CHAPTER 4 4.2 Range = 51, s = 14.56

4.4 Age Attitude

s 8.64 2.94

R 37 9

4.6 Pretest s = 3.50 Posttest s = 4.40 (NOTE: N is 15, not 10)

4.8

Mean Range Stnd.

Dev.

Life Expectancy 2010 2020 71.55 73.64

Infant Mortality 2010 2020 26.99 20.89

2010 2.66

Fertility 2020 2.45

30 9.99

110.9 32.75

5.30 1.77

4.20 1.44

29 9.32

4.10 s = 1.54 4.12 R = 9.02; Q= 1.74; s = 1.90

4.14 Division A B C D

Range R = 18 R=8 R=3 R = 15

Standard Deviation s = 5.32 s = 2.37 s = 1.03 s = 7.88

4.18

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89.20 25.92

Mean Median s R Q1 Q2 Q3

TrafDths17 1.17 1.16 0.27 1.22 0.96 1.16 1.38

TrafDths90 2.13 2.05 0.49 2.30 1.80 2.05 2.50

CHAPTER 5 5.2 Score 650 400 375 586 437 526 621 498 517 398

Z 1.50 -1.00 -1.25 0.86 -0.63 0.26 1.21 -0.02 0.17 -1.02

% Area Above 6.68 84.13 89.44 19.49 73.57 39.74 11.31 50.80 43.25 84.61

5.4 a b c d e f g h

Scores -1.00 -0.3 -0.3 0.3 -1.50 1.50 2.20 -1.90 1.90 -0.5 1.20 -1.80 -0.30

Area 22.34% 61.79% 61.79% 86.64% 1.39% 5.74% 19.34% 34.62%

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% Area Below 93.32 15.87 10.56 80.51 26.43 60.26 88.29 49.20 56.75 15.39

5.6 a b c d e f g h i j k l

Scores -1.64 -0.73 0.18 1.09 -1.64 -1.18 -1.18 0.09 -0.73 1.55 0.18 1.09 1.91 1.00 -0.27 -1.18

Areas 5.05% 23.27% 57.14% 86.21% 6.85% 41.69% 70.67% 29.07% 2.81% 15.87 60.64% 88.10%

5.8 0.0359

5.10 a .1357 b .4602 c .1841 d .0287 e .6802 f .2761 g .1033

5.12 GPA 3.20 3.21 3.25 3.30 3.35

Z Score % Area below 1.27 89.80% 1.30 90.32% 1.42 92.22% 1.58 94.29% 1.73 95.82% Only the 3.20 GPA is not in the top 10%.

5.14

211

Social Worker: Z = +0.53 Employment Counselor: Z = +0.67

PART I CUMULATIVE EXERCISES 2.

Age: Mean = 34.35, s = 11.17 Sex: Mode = Female, IQV = .96 Attitude: Median = 1, Mean = 1.85, s = 1.15,Range = 4, IQV = .79 Years of school: Mean = 13.50, s = 2.50 Area: Median = 2.5, IQV = .98, Mean = 2.75, s = 1.34 Marital Status: Mode = Married, IQV = .79

4.

Mean s

aggass 246.69 111.47

BA 31.13 5.20

NotEngHome 14.98 9.93

CHAPTER 7 7.2 a b c d e f

0.40  0.06 0.37  0.06 0.79  0.12 0.14  0.13 0.43  0.04 0.63  0.07

7.4 10.6  0.55 7.6 19.0  0.22 7.8 0.10  0.08 7.10 0.30  0.08 7.12 0.53  0.10 7.14

Sample A (N = 100) : 0.40  0.10 Sample B (N = 1000): 0.40  0.03 Sample C (N = 10,000): 0.40  0.01

7.16

212

Internet 82.79 3.79

TeenBR 19.22 6.35

WrkTrav 24.58 3.95

Nation Great Britain Japan Brazil China Malaysia Mali Russia

Ps 0.51 0.28 0.34 0.21 0.37 0.39 0.11

Confidence Interval 0.51  0.03 0.28  0.03 0.34  0.03 0.23  0.02 0.37  0.03 0.39  0.03 0.11  0.02

7.18 75.5  0.87 CHAPTER 8 8.2 Z (obtained) = 3.78 8.4 Z (obtained) = 12.21 NO SAMPLE SIZE IS GIVEN IN THE TEXT. USE N = 150 8.6 Z (obtained) = 5.11 NO ALPHA IS GIVEN IN THE TEXT. SET ALPHA TO .05 8.8 a. t (obtained) = 0.67 b. t (obtained) = - 7.13 c. Math: t (obtained) = 8.75 Reading: t (obtained) = 8.75 8.10 t (obtained) = -47.33 8.12 Z (obtained) = - 1.29 8.14 Robberies: Ps = .40, Z (obtained) = 1.51 Aggravated Assaults, Ps = .45, Z (obtained) = 0.81 8.16 Z (obtained) = 1.73 CHAPTER 9 9.2 a.  = 0.10, Z (obtained) = 7.00 b.  = 0.14, Z (obtained) = 1.93 c.  = 0.11, Z (obtained) = -1.91 9.4  = .45, Z (obtained) = - .67

213

9.6  = 11.91, Z (obtained) = -9.82 9.8  = 0.71 Z (obtained) = -2.79 9.10 a. Pu = 0.19,  = 0.05, Z (obtained) = -0.60 b. Pu = 0.61,  = 0.03, Z (obtained) = 0.67 9.12 a Pu = 0.56,  = 0.08, Z (obtained) = -0.75 b. Pu = 0.13,  = 0.07, Z (obtained) = - 0.71 9.14 Pu = .30,  = .05, Z (obtained) = 2.00 9.16 a. Pu = .17,  = .04, Z (obtained) = 4.00 b. Pu = .20,  = .04, Z (obtained) = -2.75 c. Pu = .47,  = .03, Z (obtained) = -0.67 d.  = 0.18 Z (obtained) = 0.61 e.  = 0.13 Z (obtained) = -0.79

CHAPTER 10

10.2 a Grand Mean SST SSB SSW dfw dfb MSW MSB F

2.73 34.93 4.13 30.8 12 2 2.57 2.07 0.81

10.4 Grand Mean SST SSB SSW dfw dfb MSW MSB

2.11 26,181.78 10,208.44 15,973.33 15 2 1,064.90 5,104.22

b 2.73 34.93 0.93 34.00 12 2 2.83 0.47 0.17

c 2.73 34.93 30.53 4.40 12 2 0.37 15.27 41.64

214

d 2.73 34.93 9.73 25.20 12 2 2.10 4.87 2.32

F

4.79

10.6 Grand Mean SST SSB SSW dfw dfb MSW MSB F

47.86 10,608.31 3,342.89 7,265.42 33 2 220.16 1,671.44 7.59

10.8 a Grand Mean SST SSB SSW dfw dfb MSW MSB F

b 52.00 69.37 23.27 46.10 27 2 1.71 11.63 6.81

c

52.00 3,590.00 825.80 2,764.20 27 2 102.38 412.90 4.03

a 4.975 520.975 155.475 365.5 36 3 10.153 51.825 5.105

b 4.6 259.6 39.8 219.8 36 3 6.11 13.27 2.17

c 64.875 83,124.38 24,496.88 58,627.5 36 3 1,628.54 8,165.63 5.01

52.00 162.67 35.47 127.20 27 2 4.71 17.73 3.76

10.10 Grand Mean SST SSB SSW dfw dfb MSW MSB F

CHAPTER 11 11.2 ² (obtained) = 2.00

215

d 52.00 229.37 1.07 228.30 27 2 8.46 0.53 0.06

e 52.00 301.47 4.47 297.00 27 2 11.00 2.23 0.20

11.4 ² (obtained) = 2.00 11.6 ² (obtained) = 0.04 11.8 ² (obtained) = 3.36 11.10 ² (obtained) = 0.30 11.12 ² (obtained) = 25.73 11.16 ² (obtained) = 33.79 11.18 cappun: ² (obtained) = 13.76, df =1, sig. = 0.000 fear: ² (obtained) = 77.73, df =1, sig. = 0.000 satjob: ² (obtained) = 5.08, df =3, sig. = 0.166

PART II CUMULATIVE EXERCISES Statistical Analysis Using SPSS 1. t test. Z (obtained) = 8.478, sig. = 0.000 2. ANOVA. For relig: F = 0.610, sig. = 0.821 For class: F = 4.815, sig. = 0.002 3. Estimation. Use Descriptives to get sample statistics and substitute values into Formula 7.2 For hrs1: c.i. = 41.28 ± 0.76. For wwwhr: c.i. = 13.911361 ± 0.91 4. Chi square. ² (obtained) = 86.97, df =4, sig. = 0.000 5. Chi square. ² (obtained) = 2.06, df =1, sig. = 0.151 6. t test. For sexfreq: Z (obtained) = 0.388, sig. = 0.698 For partnrs5: Z (obtained) = -0.369, sig. = 0.712

CHAPTER 12 Tables display conditional distributions (or column percentages).

12.2

a. Attitudes by Gender

Premarital Sex Always wrong Not Always Wrong Totals

Gender Females Males 58.06 64.81 41.94 35.19 100.00 100.00

Maximum difference = 6.75 Phi = 0.07 216

Lambda = 0.00 b. Attitude by Courtship Status:

Support Always wrong Not Always Wrong Totals

Gone Steady?

No Yes 77.89 37.01 22.11 62.99 100.00 100.00

Maximum difference = 40.88 Phi = 0.41 Lambda = 0.27

12.4 a. Support for Abortion by Gender

Premarital Sex Always wrong Not Always Wrong Totals

Gender Females Males 41.78 40.35 58.22 59.65 100.00 100.00

Maximum difference = 1.43 Phi = 0.01 Lambda = 0.00 b. Support for Capital Punishment by Gender

Premarital Sex Always wrong Not Always Wrong Totals

Gender Females Males 78.68 69.07 21.32 30.93 100.00 100.00

Maximum difference = 9.62 Phi = 0.11 Lambda = 0.00 c. Support for Suicide by Gender

Premarital Sex

Gender Females Males

217

Always wrong Not Always Wrong Totals

68.05 31.95 100.00

60.43 39.56 100.00

Maximum difference = 7.62 Phi = 0.08 Lambda = 0.00

d. Support for Sex Education by Gender

Premarital Sex Always wrong Not Always Wrong Totals

Gender Females Males 87.04 87.04 12.96 12.96 100.00 100.00

Maximum difference = 0 Phi = 0.00 Lambda = 0.00 12.6 a. Gamma = 0.71 b. Gamma = 0.69 c. Gamma = - 0.88 12.8 Gamma = 0.26 12.10 Spearman’s rho = -0.46 12.12 Spearman’s rho = 0.68 12.14 cappun: Gamma = 0.14 fear: Gamma = 0.13 pray: Gamma = 0.06 CHAPTER 13 13.2 c. Son’s Prestige = -13.12 + (1.17) Father’s Prestige For X = 72, Y’ = 71.12 Daughter’s Prestige = -6.99 + (1.04) Father’s Prestige For X = 72, Y’ = 67.89 d. r and (r²): Son’s

Daughter’s

218

Father’s .83 (.69)

.73 (.53)

e. Father’s and Son’s: t (obtained) = 3.59 Father’s and Daughter’s: t (obtained) = 2.64 13.4

Correlations: Posts Performance Engagement .85* -.46 Posts -.24 ________________________________ * = Significant at less than .05

13.8

South BA

TrafDths17 r r2 0.55 0.30 -0.73 0.53

Internet r -0.60 0.77

2

r 0.36 0.59

13.10 a. Y = -2.881 + 1.566X b. 2%: 0.25 5%: 4.95 10%: 12.78 15%: 20.61 13.12 a. Y = 111.956 + -0.871X b. 25%: 90.18 50%: 68.41 75%: 46.631 99%: 25.73 PART III CUMULATIVE EXERCISES 2. Gamma = -0.43 4. Cramer’s V = 0.37 6. a. r = -.39 b. r = -.59 c. NotEngHome and FamPoor17: r = -.03 NotEngHome and Homicide: r = -.05

CHAPTER 14 14.2 a. Gamma = 0.70 b. High unemployment, Gamma = 0.69

219

ChildPoor r r2 .67 0.45 -0.72 0.49

Low unemployment, Gamma = 0.70 Gp = 0.70 14.4 Bivariate Gamma = 0.62 Controlling for Race: Whites: Gamma = 0.52 Blacks: Gamma = 0.68 Gp = 0.60 Controlling for Gender: Males: Gamma = 0.61 Females: Gamma = 0.62 Gp = 0.62 14.6 Recoded age and cappun: Bivariate Gamma = -0.06 Males: Gamma = -0.16 Females: Gamma = 0.13 Gp = -0.06 Recoded age and letdie: Bivariate Gamma = 0.18 Males: Gamma = 0.21 Females: Gamma = 0.16 Gp = 0.18 14.8 degree and evolved: Gamma = -0.20 Age group 18-37 Gamma = -0.19 Age group 38-56 Gamma = -0.21 Age group 56-89 Gamma = -0.28 Gp = -0.22 14.10 Bivariate Gamma = 0.30 Controlling for Gender: Males: Gamma = 0.34 Females: Gamma = 0.27 Gp = 0.30

CHAPTER 15 15.2

a. turnout (Y) = 83.80 + (-1.16) Democrat (X1)+ (2.89) minority (X2 ) b. For X1 = 0 and X2 = 5, Y’ = 98.25 c. Zy = -1.27 Z1 + 0.84 Z2 d. R2 = 0.51

15.4 Zero-order correlations age childs

220

attend 0.18

0.16

Partial correlation age and attend, controlling for childs: ryx.z = 0.13 attend and childs, controlling for age: ryx.z = 0.10 b. attend (Y) = 1.78 + (0.02) age (X1) + (0.18) childs (X2) c. Zy = 0.14 Z1 + 0.11 Z2 d. R2 = 0.04 15.6

a. Homicide (Y) = 0.17 + (-0.00) EdSpend(X1) + (1.60) Unemploy (X2) c. Zy = -0.36 Z1 + 0.65 Z2 d. R2 = 0.52

15.8

a. TrafDths17(Y) = 2.12 + (-0.03) BA (X1) + (1.51) South (X2) b. Zy = -0.61 Z1 + -0.25 Z2 c. R2 = 0.58

15.10

a. Rights (Y) = 17.86 + (-0.01) GNIcap (X1) + (0.53) IncomeIneq(X2) b. Zy = -0.69 Z1 + 0.15 Z2 c. R2 = 0.42

Part IV Cumulative Exercises

2.

a. Zero-order correlations age rincome sexfreq -0.41 0.05 age rincome partnrs5 -0.32 -0.05

Partial correlation age and sexfreq, controlling for rincome: ryx.z = -0.28 age and partnrs5, controlling for rincome: ryx.z = -0.22 sexfreq (Y) = 3.96 + (-0.04) age(X1) + (0053) rincome(X2) Zy = -0.28 Z1 + 0.08 Z2

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R2 = 0.08 4. Bivariate Gamma = 0.24 Controlling for Gender: Males: Gamma = 0.26 Females: Gamma = 0.24 Gp = 0.25 6. . Zero-order correlations TrafDths MdAge MdHHinc WrkTrav -0.39 0.29 .42 MdHHinc -.70 -0.05 Partial correlation WrkTrav and TrafDths, controlling for MdAge: ryx.z = -0.36 WrkTrav and TrafDths, controlling for MdHHinc: ryx.z = -0.14 TrafDths (Y) = 2.04 + (-0.03) WrkTrav (X1) + (-0.06) MdAge(X2) Zy = -0.37 Z1 + -0.05 Z2 R2 = 0.15

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