THE OTHER BEINGS - AN ARCHITECTURAL THESIS

THESIS REPORT 2018-2019

THE OTHER BEINGS

ANIMAL CARE, SHELTER AND THERAPY (VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR ANIMALS ) Author: Nidhi Rajesh Kankaria B.Arch, Semester-X Jawaharlal Nehru College of Engineering Aurangabad, Maharashtra Guides: Ar. MG Kashid

DECLARATION Date: 08-06-2019 The thesis titled “The Other Beings: Animal Care, Shelter and Therapy (Visible Architecture for Animals)� a requisite of the Bachelors Program in the Department of Architecture, Jawaharlal Nehru College of Engineering, Aurangabad, India, under the supervision of Prof. Ar. Mrunal Kashid (Guide and Co-ordinator) and Ar. Rashmi Patki (Co-Guide).

The undersigned hereby declares that this is her original work, otherwise cited and referenced, has not been plagiarized in part or full form any sources.

Furthermore this work has not been submitted to this or any other college or university.

Nidhi Rajesh Kankaria 509118 Final Year, B.Arch Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College Aurangabad - 431001

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CERTIFICATE

DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY

MGM’s JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ENGINEERING COLLEGE, AURANGABAD This is to certify that Ms. Nidhi Rajesh Kankaria (509118) of Final Year B.Arch has successfully completed the Thesis Report titled “The Other Beings: Animal Care, Shelter and Therapy (Co-Existent Architecture)” for the fulfilment of B.Arch. Degree Course For the Academic year 2018-2019.

Prof. M.G Kashid (Thesis Guide)

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Prof. J.C.Gogte (H.O.D)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I take this opportunity to gratefully acknowledge the assistance and contributions of everyone who has had faith in me and this project.

The process of doing this thesis has been brutally enriching and honest with reference to humanity. I am thankful for the many discoveries, discussions and critiques that have made this possible.

I would like to thank my guides Prof. Ar. Mrunal Kashid and Ar. Rashmi Patki for their valuable inputs and support on every step throughout the thesis. I also thank my HOD, Prof. Jayashree Gogte and other faculty members for their constant advice and efforts.

I would like to express gratitude to my family and friends who had faith in me and were supportive of my thesis and understood the sensitivity of thesis.

Finally, I would like to thank to all who inspired me and spoke for those who cannot speak..

Thank You, Nidhi Kankaria

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LIVE ,

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The logo of the project symbolises the harmonious relationship humankind and animal kind can have. The foundation of thesis being the relationship between human and animal relationship and their co-existence is exemplified. The name of the project along with the slogan LIVE, LET LIVE; surrounding the earth evokes the feeling of living humanely. The human and animal handprint divided by a dashed line conveys a message of hope for the two sides to meet and restore the balance.

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SYNOPSIS The process of urbanization continues to deplete our cities of biodiversity and us of the need of biodiversity in our neighbourhood. Humans have constantly exploited the resources and continue to do so. They have not been accountable of the damages they have caused to their surroundings in all forms over a prolong period of time.

As humans consciously care about only humans and their foremost surroundings, that can be called as architecture, they neglect a major part encircling them in their sub-conscious mind , that is The Other Beings (Thoughts, Nature, Animals).

The Other Beings represent those who cannot voice for their own.

A few problems to list down caused by human species to the animal species are habitat loss, animal cruelty, factory farming, animal experimentation and animal abandonment, caging and torture.

These problems have raised due to humans taking their claim over animal habitats and animals. Just because we top the food chain, humans cannot take an advantage over the ones beneath them.

Animals need a more visible habitation amongst humans. We need to think of the value of the other beings not only in terms of performance and aesthetic but as life itself‌ As an architect we shape and remodel the world around us to increase the comfort and strive sustainability for a better future. Neglecting the animal habitation forms a gap in the logic of sustainability as the world is not purely anthropocentric. Therefore, it becomes an architect’s responsibility to influence +human beings to connect with the other beings via architecture.

As humans bear a selfish nature we always account for benefits we receive. Awakening the subconscious state of our mind will not only help animals but increase viability of human-animal relations with nature playing a major role in it.

This thesis is a lesson of co-existence, in an attempt to encourage architects to contemplate about how architecture can truly form an affinity between Humans-Animals-Nature. It is a stride towards change in the future phenomenon in architecture.

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Out there is a cry of anguish and of pain Out there someone’s suffering for some one else’s blame Out there, there is someone who’s lost all sense of hope Waiting for some kind of help without which he can’t cope Out there lies a semblance of a once healthy being Who’ll die a slow and painful death unless he gets some seeing But out there stands a person who cares for animals, true Yes someone who can make a change, that person could be you!

- Author Unknown “Saving the life of one animal may not change the world, but the world will surely change for that one animal.”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration Certificate Acknowledgement Synopsis

INVESTIGATION Introduction Research Question Areas of Research Core Issues Proposition RESEARCH Framework of Research User Study History General Data Case Study PROGRAM Project and Design Proposal Area Program Program Analysis SITE Selection Criteria Proposed Site Site Data Locational Context

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TECHNOLOGY Structure Calculations Services Sustainability Systems DETERMINANTS Key Parameters Movement Systems Volumetric Disposition Functionality Collective Inference DEVELOPMENT Conceptual Evolution Translation of Philosophy Functional Experience FINAL DESIGN Introduction Site Plan Locational Site Plan Floor Plans Floor Sections/ Floor Elevations Site Sections Technology and Material strategy 3D Views

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Introduction Research Question Areas of Research Core Issues Proposition

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INTRODUCTION

Animals have been an integral part of human lives since their existence. They have helped and companioned humans when needed. Humans have grown physically and intellectually to exploit resources impartially for their comfort and development.

Neglecting the animal habitation will only cause this development to fall rapidly if not realised sooner. Thus, animals should be given the equal opportunity as humans to have claim over the land we live.

• Freedom from hunger and thirst • Freedom from discomfort • Freedom from pain, injury or disease • Freedom from fear and distress • Freedom to express their natural behaviour The above mentioned are the rights animals co-living with humans in man-made or natural environment should have.

RESEARCH QUESTION

• How can Architecture instigate in building a safe, comfortable and adaptable environment for animals?

• How can animals and humans bond in a man-made or natural environment in the most accomplishable way?

AREAS OF RESEARCH

The following subjects and topics were deemed to achieve high performance, sustainable and successful model for a new human- animal- environment relationship.

• Why have humans felt a need to dominate or show superiority over animals?

• Is there a real need to establish strict rules and land zoning laws for animals survival and animal habitat?

• Does animal-human conflict have a relation to architecture?

• Are there enough animal shelters and hospitals to cater ever growing population of animals?

• How animal behaviour has been changing towards humans during the coarse of time?

• How does animal behaviour affect architecture or designing of a space for them?

• How can scope of architecture be acknowledged in man-made animal and human habitats?

• Can these models be sustainable and provide back to the community?

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WE THE PEOPLE vs. WE ARE ONE

Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b8/cb/47/b8cb474fe451b70d646f358c94cade8e.jpg 11

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ANIMAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS AS RECOGNIZED BY HUMANITY AND LAW

Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b8/cb/47/b8cb474fe451b70d646f358c94cade8e.jpg THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

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HUMAN STATE OF MIND AND CONSEQUENCES

Speciesism. Anthropocentrism. Human Supremacy. Anthroparchy.

Source: http://dogsection.org/abandoning-our-humanity/ 13

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CORE ISSUES 1. Speciesism Humans have been following speciesism since many years consciously or subconsciously. Speciesism is based on discrimination of species, mostly non-human species. The human-animal and human-environment conflict is dated back to history when humans started developing at a speeding rate. Their exploitation has resulted in loss of habitat and extinction of animals. Environmental issues are globally addressed and steps to improve conditions for future are taken.

2. Animals – Environment Relationship Animals reside in natural conditions as it is their habitat. They make their own houses using intricate techniques in places where their safety is ensured. Since humanization has taken place environment has been changing. Many animals are not able to adapt due to pace of change and hence are left helpless. Also one of the biggest problem relating animals is that they tend to overproduce and know no birth control which results in overpopulation and thus in lack of habitat.

3. Involvement of architecture Architecture is one of the most significant way of deciding a country’s development.

Architecture and growth of build cover can affect the environment as well as the other species we co-exist with. Unless architects find a solution to involve them in the built cover as well.

4. Involvement of Government and Non-Government Institutions Indian government has certain rules, regulations and rights for animals and their upholding. Most people are not aware about them and mistreat the animals. NonGovernmental organizations like PeTA, PFA and many more work for the welfare of this unheard community. Due to lack of funds and government support they fail to achieve their goals of eradicating problems on a larger scale. Existing facilities face overcrowding and unsanitary conditions due to lack of staff and area. Hence, government and NGO’s shall work together for financial and emotional support of the animals.

5. Future susceptibility towards future To ensure that present problems do not make the future uncertain, we as an intellectual community should focus on bringing back the balance between human and non- human living species through modern adaptable ways. The buildings we live in and the surroundings we pollute without any concern should be revitalised as living spaces for the other beings. Co-existing sustainably is the forthcoming solution and it will be easier if we start accepting it today.

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PROPOSITION The above mentioned issues are based on a wider perspective which will require interventions in many sectors like law enforcement, government actions, sanitary awareness, urban planning and design, architecture and social humanitarian values and duties towards nature and non-human species.

The scheme suggested is divided in two parts1. Site specific Design – It refers to the enhancement of human- animal- environment relationship based on site and user abundance.

2. Module – A sector based module that can be copied and easily be installed in place of need.

The success of the above scheme heavily relies on how humans perceive and use the space to understand significance of co-existence. It is also based on how quickly do animals adapt, stay comfortable, heal and get ready to live in the man-made environment.

Thus, this place needs to capitalize on the function and nature of the surrounding built environment to be able to connect humans and animals with integration of natural and man-made elements. It will investigate the opportunities we as architects can provide for betterment of animals and humans.

Proposal: A sustainable and integrated precinct with health facility, nokill shelter facility, hostel facility and an opportunity to socialise and reconnect with animals for humans through man-made/ natural setting in form of therapy and experience center.

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Human- Animal- Environment Inter-Relationship

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Framework of Research User Study History General Data Case Study

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FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH Certain questions need to be pertained before proceeding to the design phase. Such questions leaded the research to forward direction: • • • • • • • •

What is a shelter and how do they function?

Do animals have special architectural requirements?

What is animal assisted therapy?

How will animal behaviour and character guide the design?

Who are the users?

Where should this amalgamated facility be established?

How will the functions of different areas co-relate to each other?

Why is there a need to preserve animal-human bond?

‘An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.’

Functioning and administration of animal shelters and hospitals is as those of humans but with interiors responding to animals and top priority being the animal needs and favoured environment.

• Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is an alternative or complimentary type of therapy that involves animals as a form of treatment. The most commonly used types of AAT are canine-assisted therapy and equine-assisted therapy. The goal of AAT is to improve a patient’s social, emotional, or cognitive functioning and literature reviews state that animals can be useful for educational and motivational effectiveness for participants.

• Animal Behaviour is the scientific study of the wild and wonderful ways in which animals interact with each other, with other living beings, and with the environment. It explores how animals relate to their physical environment as well as to other organisms. Studying animal behaviour is important to know for designing a likeable and fearless space for them.

• The site should be isolated as well as approachable. It should be able to cover a wide radius for animal help to be provided immediately. Isolation or remote location of site will help the animals to heal at faster pace, i.e. if closer to nature and away from populous humankind.

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Animal to Human Evolution and Historic Phenomenon

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HISTORY People in the early modern era lived in close proximity to animals, and our language preserves relics of that time.

The human-animal bond is a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between people and animals that is influenced by behaviours essential to the health and well-being of both. This includes, among other things, emotional, psychological, and physical interactions of people, animals, and the environment.

• Human and pets: why do humans wish an inter-specific relation?

Although there are some examples of inter-specific relationships between animal species in the wild (e.g. clown fishes and anemones, ants and aphids, mixed species groups of primates) where both species have benefits from the association, the human-pet relationship is rather unique in its current form. Pets are not necessarily expected to work and humans just enjoy having them at home. Companionship with pets has, in many cases, long lost its initial utilitarian form and one can wonder what humans expect from these animals.

• Animals and humans: the animal sideDomestic animals, as said before, develop real abilities to perceive and interpret human signals. Each interaction is a source of positive or negative memory and the resulting relationship from a succession of interactions will depend on the relative weight of these memories. The human environment is often − for pets − a very unusual situation. Social animals like dogs are often kept single in home from an early age while more solitary species like cats tend to be more easily kept in groups.

• Animal-assisted therapy: a concept that remains to be clarifiedMany terms are used (e.g. animal assisted therapy, pet facilitated therapy, zoo therapy, animal associated activities) which also reflect a diversity of practices. For example, some have a therapeutic aims, others can perform educational or social functions.

Moreover, they vary with respect to the animal used (e.g. horse, dog, cat, bird), the people considered (e.g. young, old, with mental disabilities or physical handicap), the duration of the intervention (i.e. short-term or long-term), the setting in which it is delivered (e.g. inpatient or outpatient setting, camp, medical clinic, home, school), and whether the intervention is delivered in a group or individual format.

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• Animal-assisted therapy in the scientific literatureFine proposed to define AAT as “a goal-oriented intervention in which an animal meeting specific criteria is an integral part of the treatment process. This service is delivered by a health or human service professional working within the scope of his or her professional role” .

Different species may stimulate different facets in humans and might represent different “therapeutic potentials”.

Some authors and scientists exploring animal assisted therapies suggest the viability of type or which animal is preferred more than the others. Numerous authors agree on the fact that dogs come in first with one paper out of five but the rank of other species use is more controversial. Whereas the second rank of the species used is the horses for Nimer and Lundahl and Maurer, Hatch proposed this decreasing list: cats, mice, ferrets, horses, lamas, farm animals (i.e. cows and goats) and monkeys. At last, Michalon et al. Ranked, in descending order, cats (5.8%), horse (5.6%), dolphins (5.3%), birds (1.9%) while fishes, snakes, rodents, turtles, farm and wild animals are little represented in the scientific literature.

Surprisingly, around 30% of the studies did not mention the species name and, thus, used the term “pet”. Indeed, even if description of their main characteristics could be expected (species, breed, age or sex could influence their behaviours.

• Animal and Human emotional relationship- another side to the coinThe interaction between human and non-human animals fascinates everyone from anthropologists to the average pet owner. For humans to consistently live with and nurture animals is a most unusual trait in nature. The inclusion of animals as intimate members of the family probably explains the long-term connection behind the genetic and behavioural alterations we now see in domestic species. Even so, domestication is a less common outcome of keeping animals than we might expect, given that even the most generous list would only include 20 or so domesticated species. Many more have spent at least some time in captivity, so it is well worth asking why so many species that have lived intimately with us haven’t been domesticated.

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• The historical separation between the ‘Human world’ and ‘Animal world’The statement that animals are part of the urban realm is still alien to most designers, architects and planners. One reason for this is the modern separation of the human world from the natural world, or, seen from a spatial perspective, the separation of city and landscape, into two separated spheres of human life and animal life, which are considered to be different functional systems. This implicates the exclusion of all kinds of animals – wild animals as well as farm animals – from the urban space.

Similarly, ‘animal-only’ areas or the concept of ‘wilderness’, realized in protected areas and national parks, are in fact representing the same separation of the earth into the human and animal spheres.

• Animal- aided design Rising demand for more housing space means undeveloped land and green areas are disappearing, and with them the habitat for many animals. In order to protect established species or introduce new ones, scientists have developed the AnimalAided Design (AAD) concept. The idea is to integrate the requirements of species affected into the urban planning process right from the start. This would not only create valuable refuges for birds, reptiles and mammals, but also improve quality of life for city dwellers. AAD allows a combination of good urban design with species conservation. Animal-Aided Design is a methodology that can help to align the aims of urban planners and conservationists, by making animals an integral part of urban planning strategies. AAD may thus help to overcome the cultural separation into the human world and wildlife that has many repercussions in the way urban development and conservation interact today.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150359v1

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WEB SEMINAR- EMERGING VOICES Topic ‘Of more than human space - Living among Pests’ by Ar. Joyce Hwang About architect Joyce Hwang, AIA, NCARB, is the Director of Ants of the Prairie, an office of architectural practice and research that focuses on confronting contemporary ecological conditions through creative means. Currently Hwang is developing a series of projects that incorporate wildlife habitats into constructed environments, including recent projects “Bat Tower,” “Bat Cloud,” “Habitat Wall,” and “Bower.”

She is a recipient of the Architectural League Emerging Voices Award (2014), the New York Foundation for the Arts (NYFA) Fellowship (2013), the New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) Independent Project Grant (2013, 2008), and the MacDowell Colony Fellowship (2016, 2011). Her work has been exhibited at the Venice Architecture Biennale and the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam.

About topic To discuss historic role of non-human others in crafting urban fabric.

Discussing the often conflicted urban wildlife and notions of urban pest with humans and their settlements. While city dwellers tend to enjoy seeing birds in backyards and parks, for example, the idea of sharing buildings with animals is not as commonly desired. Thus, through various architectural projects, she has aimed to attract awareness towards the urban animals, in efforts to advocate not only for architecture’s critical role in urban ecology, but also to promote the inclusion of new (nonhuman) subjectivities in the built environment as a co-existing solution.

Through the discussed projects, it has been reflected as to how fundamentally rethinking architectural structures and can suggest a more palpable, resonant environment that not only impacts species and habitats, but also human perception and experience towards the urban pests.

The condition of habitat loss in urban environments isn’t new. We’ve known for quite some time that processes of urbanization have been rapidly depleting cities of biodiversity. Trends seen in recent urban and regional master plans indicate that we are becoming increasingly aware of this critical issue, and are attempting to counter the destructive ecological effects of urbanization by introducing measures to increase biodiversity, such as implementing wildlife corridors and nature reserves. Yet, we also see very conflicted attitudes toward our relationship with urban ‘nature’. What happens, for instance, when urban wildlife encroaches on more densely populated areas of cities? What happens when they develop habitats outside officially zoned territories, and in residential or commercial neighborhoods? In the realm of legal regulations, urban municipalities categorize the presence of undomesticated animals and insects pejoratively as ‘infestations’ or ‘nuisances’. Urban dwellers too tend to see urban wildlife as a nuisance.

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Key points: • Planning animal territory from scope of architecture of one building to planning of a city or larger regions.

• As city dwellers we do desire animals around us but only if they live according to our standards and notions.

• Animals thus take over the spaces and areas which have no human trace or are remote from them to feel safer.

• Research question: How do we define the limits between Us and the Others? We need to think of the value of animals/ others not only in terms of performance and aesthetics but also life…

• Small scale projects taken over by the architect as a step towards spreading awareness about involving animals in the integrated building units. Reconsidering building typology in a way that animals can be accommodated in the buildings and surrounding areas of the buildings.

1. Bat tower- Creating small crevice like spaces for bats to line in as of their behaviour in the tower. The project is an excellent example of one way in which humans can build meaningful and valuable structures that benefit a variety of species. It’s also an exciting example of how more modern technologies of rapid prototyping and digital fabrication can be used to create bio-performatic structures (structure behaving with biological systems vs. miming them). Inhabitat has a longer post with more information and some more pictures and stay tuned for our follow up piece on Bat Towers.

2. Bat Cloud - Metaphorical installations which consist of bat habitation areas. Bat cloud is a hanging canopy of vessels that is designed and constructed to support bat habitation. From afar, the piece appears like a cloud, hovering in the trees.

Closer up, viewers from below would be able to see plants hanging from each vessel. At dusk, onlookers would hopefully be able to catch sight of bats or other wildlife emerging from the habitation vessels.

3. Pest Wall - Pest wall is an exploration of various strategies for implementing bat-habitation opportunities in existing urban environments. The project is a new type of exterior wall construction that would attract and provide ‘urban housing’ for bats and other wildlife. Pest wall aims to question our embattled notions of the word “pest” by intensifying the visibility and awareness of typically ‘undesired’ animals that are critical to our urban ecosystems.

4. Large scale experimentation with space and urban pest was done. A new form of zoning known as the Generative Zoning Method was undertaken to spot animal habitats, present and with potential.

Thus, ANIMALS NEED A MORE VISIBLE HABITATION AMONGST THE HUMANS.

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INFERENCES SUBMITTED BY THE ARCHITECT • Qualitative considerations of architecture, as we know it, will have to change in marked ways. Seemingly familiar conditions such as ornament, material character, and construction methods will be re-postulated by architects- Architects will begin to consider how lighting might be designed to dissuade insects from certain zones, while encouraging them to congregate around others, along with their predators, bats, birds and spiders. Architects will also re-examine the criteria for material and construction strategies.

• We shall develop a new range of strategies for using existing buildings and structures in cities. The term ‘adaptive reuse’ will take on a wider variety of implicationsMany buildings already are a form of shelter for urban wildlife. Tall buildings, for example, serve as lookout points and nesting places for falcons, eagles, and other birds of prey. Unmaintained and vacant buildings – especially over-abundant in depopulating cities such as Detroit and Buffalo – often host urban wildlife and vegetation ‘overgrowth’. Urban infrastructure as well shelters many wildlife species. For example, the undersides of bridges frequently function as nesting sites for birds. Many of these spaces are seen as undesirable, ‘dirty’ spaces in cities. Overgrown vegetation and wildlife inhabitation are seen as negligence.

• Bio-engineered animals and their material by-products will begin to take on spatial dimensions in the built world- Today, scientists are already outfitting and bioengineering animals for specific anthropocentric purposes. Many farmers are invested in producing animals and plants that are bio-engineering to resist diseases. The ethics of building a ‘better’ organism through science has been central to on-going societal debates. While the topic of bioengineering has been of topical interest to architects, it will soon enter the discipline in a more performance-driven capacity.

• Urban maintenance will be completely re-conceptualized- When we think of urban maintenance today, we think of lawn mowing, tree trimming, street cleaning, and garbage disposal. Further embedded in maintenance routines are chemical processes such as fumigation. The concept of maintenance is intrinsically tied to the task of clearing away unwanted and untidy nuisances, a notion that contributes to our construction of the urban ‘pest’. We are beginning to realize though that certain kinds of unwanted animals in fact have also been maintaining our cities.

Source: http://vimeo.com/220986110 http://www.antsoftheprairie.com/?page_id=1589 25

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• Architects and urbanists will need to take a position on the uncomfortable ethics that come with the territory of biology- As architects, we are operating in a landscape of shifting ecological and cultural values. We must not only develop strategies for incorporating diverse habitats into the spatial and built environment, but we must also take on the challenge to radically rethink the spatial and visible dimensions of animals and urban organisms. In the process of doing so, we will not only enable urban citizens to envision the possibilities of living among ‘pests,’ we’ll also unshackle architecture from some of its time-loaded assumptions and cultural biases. It is only then that architecture can become a vehicle for provoking new priorities, rather than simply responding to them. Here are some issues for architects to consider as we proceed into an emerging biosynthesized world.

BAT TOWER

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BAT CLOUD 27

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Role of Architecture If a housing system for animal production is to be successful, it must provide for the spatial and behavioural needs of the animal. To achieve this, it is important to understand how an animal behaves when performing routine activities such as drinking, feeding, lying, rising and walking. Housing an animal in a confinement, rather than letting them roam freely, modifies its behaviour, thereby, affecting the animal’s health and comfort.

An understanding of animal psychology combined with welldesigned facilities has the capacity to reduce stress on both the animal and the minders, consequently enhancing health, comfort and productivity. Stress reduces the ability to fight diseases, gain weight and productive capacity. Facilities must be appropriate for the species, anticipated number of animals and the expected length of stay in order to ensure physical and psychological wellbeing of the animals. The design should also provide for proper sanitation, separation of animals by health status, age, gender, species, temperament, and predator-prey status Integrating a relatively soft, clean, flat bed with good footing.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305775034_HOW_ARCHITECTURAL_DESIGNS_AFFECT_ THE_COMFORT_AND_HEALTH_OF_ANIMALS_AND_CATTLE_PRODUCTIVITY 29

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STUDY OF BOOK - ‘THE ANIMALS AMONG US’ by JOHN BRADSHAW In a deep study of the book, ’The Animals Among Us”, author John Bradshaw tries to explore why do we have a special bond with certain animals and why some cannot be domesticated. His final observations for why do animals and humans live in companionship are as follows: 1. Pets are increasingly seen as offering us tangible benefits – as therapy animals, assistants to people who are blind or disabled, and companions to those who are socially isolated. Pets are often said to provide distinct health benefits to those with mental, social or physical problems.

2. The loss of most of our body hair left us with a liking for stroking and grooming.

3. The evolution of the human brain in a way that resulted in us being able to analyse animal behaviour and develop the capacity for anthropomorphism, leading to better animal-keeping.

Future of Architecture means that people and animals can coexist togetherAnimals, like plants, are one of the major elements of urban ecosystem. Contamination of environment, building’s modernization and reducing of city greenery make however significant decline in number of animal species in built-up areas. Activists and designers are trying to change that by creating for them appropriate environment or special shelters so once again people and animals can co-exist together. Future of Architecture must contain a vision to share built-up word not only with plants but also animals.

In The Animals Among Us, anthrozoologist John Bradshaw argues that pet-keeping is nothing less than an intrinsic part of human nature. An affinity for animals drove our evolution and now, without animals around us, we risk losing an essential part of ourselves.

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Conscious Perspective of a Human Mind

Sub-Conscious Perspective of a Human Mind

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USER STUDY User group that will be attracted to the site and proposed design project will be of majority two classifications, i.e.

1. HUMAN BEINGS 2. ANIMALS Both have a separate and significant identity in designed space. Spaces are divided as per permissibility to human circulation and animal circulation. Some areas have limited or restricted human footfall while some place humans are free to roam around and animals are restricted to spaces.

To elaborate the above argument about human and animal circulation, following is the subjectivity of the users: 1. HUMAN BEINGS • Users as per the function/ purpose: • For hospital/ emergency care • For adoption • For drop off at day-care/ hostel/ training centre • For cremation purpose • For therapy • For educational tour • For visiting/ café/ dog park • Members of staff, medical and administration team 2. ANIMALS • Users as per the function/ purpose: • For medical welfare/ emergency care brought in by pet owner or NGO • For adoption/ shelter admission brought in by pet owner or NGO • For cremation in dead state+ • For drop off at the training centre or day-care/ hostel

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RABBIT CHICKEN GOAT PIG

COW

DONKEY

EQUINE

FELINE

CANINE

PUPPY SMALL DOG LARGE DOG KITTEN FULL GROWN CAT HORSE(1-3 yr) HORSE(ABOVE 4 yrs) AT MATURITY COW(ABOVE 4 yrs) CALF(1-4 yrs) AT MATURITY AT MATURITY AT MATURITY AT MATURITY

ANIMALS

PUPPY

SMALL DOG

CANINE LARGE DOG KITTEN

FELINE CAT

DONKEY

HORSE HORSE AT ( 1-3 YRS) (ABOVE 4 YRS) MATURITY

EQUINE COW

COW CALF

CHICKEN

GOAT

PIG

AT AT AT AT MATURITY MATURITY MATURITY MATURITY

RABBIT

ANIMAL - ANIMAL BEHAVORIAL AND COMPANIONSHIP ANALYSIS MATRIX

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CANINE FELINE EQUINE DONKEY COW GOAT PIG RABBIT CHICKEN BIRDS

ANIMALS FEAR NO SELECTIVE SELECTIVE SELECTIVE YES SELECTIVE SELECTIVE SELECTIVE YES SELECTIVE NOT STRESSFUL PARTIAL STRESS NOT STRESSFUL PARTIAL STRESS PARTIAL STRESS PARTIAL STRESS PARTIAL STRESS NOT STRESSFUL STRESSFUL PARTIAL STRESS

HUMAN PRESENCE

5-7 hrs as per shifts

CREMATORIUM

1-2 hrs as per the ceremony SHELTER 5-7 hrs as per shifts TRAINING CENTRE 5-7 hrs as per shifts DAY-CARE/ HOSTEL 5-7 hrs as per shifts THERAPY CENTRE 5-7 hrs as per shifts RESIDENTIAL PERMANENT QUARTERS

HOSPITAL

TIME PERIOD (avg. in a day)

HIGH MOBILITY

LOW MOBILITY LOW MOBILITY LOW MOBILITY HIGH MOBILITY

HIGH MOBILITY

PARTIAL MOBILITY

CIRCULATION

HUMAN BEINGS as users

-

TIME PERIOD (avg. in a day) 6-10 hrs as per casualty 2-3 hrs as per the process PERMANENT PERMANENT PERMANENT PERMANENT

PARTIAL MOBILITY

HIGH MOBILITY HIGH MOBILITY HIGH MOBILITY PARTIAL MOBILITY

LOW MOBILITY

PARTIAL MOBILITY

CIRCULATION

ANIMALS as users

SCHEMATIC CIRCULATION MATRIX AS PER THE USER APPROACH

BUILDING

AFFECTION YES NO SELECTIVE YES YES YES SELECTIVE YES SELECTIVE SELECTIVE

RESPONSE TO HUMANS ATTACHMENT EMPATHY SOCIAL YES YES YES SELECTIVE NO NO YES SELECTIVE YES NO YES YES SELECTIVE SELECTIVE SELECTIVE SELECTIVE SELECTIVE YES NO SELECTIVE SELECTIVE YES NO YES NO SELECTIVE NO SELECTIVE SELECTIVE SELECTIVE

HUMAN - ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR AND COMPANIONSHIP ANALYSIS MATRIX

YES SELECTIVE YES YES NO SELECTIVE SELECTIVE YES NO SELECTIVE

THERAPEUTIC USE

ANIMAL OR PET THERAPIES Animal therapy, also known as Pet therapy, is a guided interaction between a person and a trained animal. It also involves the animal’s handler.

Not to be confused with a service dog or an emotional support pet, therapy animals are socialized and trained to provide comfort and affection to people in various stressful environments. Therapy animals are most commonly seen in hospitals, nursing homes, schools, and disaster areas, and are classified as one of three types: therapeutic visitation animals, animal assisted therapy animals, and facility therapy animals.

Types of animal therapy: 1. AAA- Animal-Assisted Activities(AAA) which provides opportunities for motivational, educational, recreational, and/or therapeutic benefits to enhance quality of life. AAA are delivered in a variety of environments by specially trained professionals, paraprofessionals, and/or volunteers, in association with animals that meet specific criteria.

Animal-assisted activities are basically the casual “meet and greet” activities that involve pets visiting people. The same activity can be repeated with many people, unlike a therapy program that is tailored to a particular person or medical condition.

2. AAT- Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) which is a goal-directed intervention in which an animal that meets specific criteria is an integral part of the treatment process. AAT is directed and/or delivered by a health/human service professional with specialized expertise, and within the scope of practice of his/her profession.

AAT is designed to promote improvement in human physical, social, emotional, and/ or cognitive functioning [cognitive functioning refers to thinking and intellectual skills]. AAT is provided in a variety of settings and may be group or individual in nature. This process is documented and evaluated.

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THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

ANIMALS COMMONLY USED AS THERAPY ANIMALS • Therapy Dogs- Many people have probably come across a therapy dog at one point or another in their lifetime. Therapy dogs are often seen in hospitals, nursing homes, schools, detention centres, and other public places where you may be surprised to see a dog walking around. Dogs are classic companions for humans so it is very natural for people to enjoy their presence. Studies have shown that dogs help calm and relax people and therapy dogs are a testament to this. Larger breeds, such as Labrador and Golden Retrievers, are most often seen as therapy dogs, but that doesn’t mean other breeds can’t make a good therapy animal.

• Therapy Cats- A less obvious choice than dogs or horses, many cats can make great therapy animals. Just like dogs, cats are easy to bring into indoor facilities such as nursing homes and hospitals to aid in comforting anyone who may be missing their own pets. Many therapy cats learn to walk on a leash and can have a very calming presence for children in school, elderly in assisted living facilities, and other situations. They are also a great indoor therapy animal option for people who may have a fear of dogs.

• Therapy Horses- Horses, while much larger than dogs, make excellent therapy animals. You won’t see a horse walking through a school (unless it’s a miniature horse) but you will often seen equine-assisted therapy techniques utilizing therapy horses. Therapy horses are great animals to aid in mental health and are also used in equine-facilitated psychotherapy by addiction treatment centres, veterans groups, and other mental wellness facilities that are overseen by medical professionals. Grooming a horse is often touted as being very therapeutic and the human emotions a horse mimics have been shown to be very beneficial for people battling many different types of psychological issues. Horses also help teach people a variety of things, such as trust building and work ethic, in addition to dealing with emotions.

• Therapy Rabbits- Sometimes a small, quiet therapy animal is needed and when this is the case, a rabbit makes a wonderful therapy animal. Rabbits are easy to transport, do not bark or meow, and are excellent options for people who may be frightened of both dogs and cats, since a fear of rabbits is not very common.

A therapy rabbit needs to be calm, well-socialized, and enjoy being handled and petted by people. It is ideal if a therapy rabbit is also litter box trained. Not all rabbits fit this bill, but if a friendly rabbit is comfortable in a harness and four foot leash, they might make a great therapy animal.

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

36

37

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THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

38

BENEFITS OF ANIMAL THERAPIES There is a strong bond between animals and people. Animals are accepting, nonthreatening and non-judgemental, making it easier for people to open up.

Some of the benefits of animal-assisted therapy include: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Improved fine motor skills Improved balance Increased focus and attention Increased self-esteem and ability to care for oneself Reduced anxiety, grief and isolation Reduced blood pressure, depression, and risk of heart attack or stroke Improved willingness to be involved in a therapeutic program or group activity Increased trust, empathy and teamwork Greater self-control Enhanced problem-solving skills Reduced need for medication Improved social skills Because many children, teens and adults enjoy working with animals, animalassisted therapy can be particularly beneficial for individuals who are resistant to treatment or have difficulty accessing their emotions or expressing themselves in talk therapy.

What conditions/disorders does animal-assisted therapy treat?

People with a variety of conditions can benefit from animal-assisted therapy, including: • Autism spectrum disorders • Addiction • Cancer • Heart disease • Dementia • Developmental disorders • Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia • Emotional and behavioural disorders • Chronic pain

39

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is sometimes used in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Animals may be uniquely suited to help individuals with SAD, as they offer non-judgemental support and a chance to learn about interactions with others.

Animals used in therapy can be of all different types. Dogs and horses are the ones most people think of when they picture therapy animals, but even more exotic animals can serve in the therapy process.

Animals can help you improve your self-esteem, develop social skills, and reduce symptoms of anxiety. Animals in therapy provide the opportunity to give affection and to receive it. This may be particularly helpful for children and teenagers struggling to find connections among family or peers. Animals in therapy may help to reduce depression and isolation. Among children, they may help in social expression.

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40

CASE STUDY I NAME: ResQ Charitable Trust LOCATION: Near Plot No. 3906, Paud, Mulshi Rd, Chandani Chowk, Pune, Maharashtra TYPE: Animal care and Shelter managed by an NGO. ARCHITECT: Outhouse designed by Studio Osmosis architects.

AREA: 18,556sq.m.

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THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

INTRODUCTION A not-for-profit organisation that works towards reducing human-animal conflict on the streets of Pune, India since 2007. RESQ is a registered Animal Charity (E-5002) under the Bombay Public Trusts Act, 1950; Section 12 (A), 80G of the Income Tax Act, 1961; and Foreign Contributions Regulation Act (FCRA), 2010. RESQ Charitable Foundation, Inc. is also a registered non-profit in the USA (License No. 0450272611).

RESCUE. REHABILITATE. REHOME. They rescue and rehabilitate over 8000 injured and sick street animals every year, run a free street animal hospital, conduct education and awareness sessions on peaceful urban co-existence and run rabies related field and research work programs.

1. ResQ Hospital: The RESQ Centre and Rehabilitation Hospital in Pune houses and provides medical treatment and care to over 250+ animals at any given time. Our Onsite Ambulances or compassionate individuals from the general public bring in animals who are suffering from broken limbs, diseases, wounds or road accidents.

2. ResQ Rehoming Centre: The RESQ Sanctuary and Rehoming Centre is a ‘Home, until they’re finally home.’ There are some animals recovering at the RESQ Centre who either require a special medical procedure with long-term care, or animals that just cannot go back to the streets. These animals continue to live in the RESQ Rehoming Centre until adopted, or continue to thrive in our Sanctuary.

3. Awareness Programme: ResQ volunteer teams conduct education and awareness sessions with independent community groups or societies focusing on how we can come together to help reduce the human-animal conflict in their immediate environment. Also they conduct age-appropriate sessions called “Let’s Peacefully Coexist in our Urban Ecosystem” for both schoolchildren and college students.

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42

43

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

SITE PLAN

Proposed Aviary

ResQ Volunteer home/ Outhouse

Adjacent Plot ( empty plot)

ResQ main facility

Adjacent Plot ( farm land)

Mulshi Road

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

44

GATED PLOT

10 M WIDE ROAD

SERVICE ROAD 5 M WIDE

PLAN OF CLINICAL AND SHELTER FACILITY-

SERVICE ROAD 5 M WIDE

GATED PLOT

45

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

PARKING

BEDROOM 3

TOILET

ENTRY FROM LARGE ANIMAL SHELTER AREA TO OUTHOUSE (+1.2M) (SLOPE)

STORAGE

STORAGE

PRIVATE AREA

BEDROOM 2

PUBLIC AREA

TOILET

TOILET

BEDROOM 1

PROPOSED AVIARY

WET AREA

FRONT VERANDAH

LIVING/ KITCHEN

BACKYARD SPACE

PLAN OF VOLUNTEER OUTHOUSE

SITE IMAGES

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

46

Entrance to Facility- Long narrow passage leading to double gate so that animals don’t leave.

Entrance to Shelter Area from OPD- Only volunteers and staff members are allowed to go beyond this point.

SITE IMAGES

47

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Semi-Open waiting area

OPD- Surgery/ Checkup area/ ICU

Pharmacy

Observation cells

Outdoor waiting area

Clinical area

SITE IMAGES

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

48

Run/ Treatment/ Exercise area

Large dogs kennel

Wards with divisions inside for each dog

Puppy ward and play area

Dog rooms- enable less contact with adjacent

Kennels

SITE IMAGES

49

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Cat Pods/Cages along with run area, grooming area and medical supplies

Cattery

SITE IMAGES

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

50

Storage of hay for farm animals

Treatment shed for large animals

Sty for Pigs, Goats, Calves, Cows and other short production animals.

Equipment storage shed with adjacent service door

Large Animal Shelter

SITE IMAGES

51

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Proposed aviary( under construction) near the outhouse as birds require more quiet.

Aviary

Outhouse

Parking

Volunteer Outhouse

SITE IMAGES THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

52

ANALYSIS

53

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ANALYSIS

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54

CASE STUDY II NAME: Maxwell International Pet Care LOCATION: Survey no. 52/4/2B, Tanaji Dagde Patil nagar , Bavdhan Khurd, Mumbai-Pune-Bangalore Highway Pashan exit, Pune-Maharashtra 411021 TYPE: Animal Hostel and Daycare managed by Private company.

ARCHITECT: Not known.

PLOT AREA: 1100sq.m.

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THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

INTRODUCTION The Maxwell International Pet care is a luxury boarding kennels for dogs in the heart of the Pune City; offering superior accommodation, fun activities, health therapies and a variety of diets tailor made for different types of dogs whilst they enjoy their holiday stay surrounded by fresh air and peaceful environment.

• BOARDING: For those who always wanted a pet at home but could never think of leaving the four legged at home alone while you and your partner go out to work or for those who have to go out station for a day due to some emergency and don’t have a place to leave your loved one, our day care facility is at your rescue.

• SPA/ GROOMING: Special services for dogs and cats like Hydro Bath to your pet, Nail cutting, Ear Cleaning and other grooming services.

• REIKI: Creates positive energy, calmness and detoxifies. Hastens the healing process. Promotes deep relaxation and well being. Removes negativity and negative patterns. Energises, refreshers and revitalisers. It helps in relieving tension, stress, hyperactivity, joint problems, etc.

ADMITS ONLY: CATS AND DOGS

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56

57

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

SITE PLAN

Twenty2 yard Cricket Academy

Maxwell International PetCare Facility

6m wide Service road

Mumbai-Pune-Bengaluru Highway

5m wide Outer Highway connection road

Hotel Galaxy Palace Lodging Ground

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58

PLAN OF CLINICAL AND SHELTER FACILITY-

Stilt floor: Run area for dogs,

First floor: Reception, Waiting Pet run area, Spa room, Offices

Second floor: Cattery, Cat play area, Food making area for cats

Third floor: Run area for dogs, activity and eating area for dogs

Fourth floor: Kennel for dogs

Stilt floor

1st floor

4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor

SITE IMAGES

59

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Entrance Area

Corridor Area

Staiircase leading to First floor

Dog Kennels Cat Condos

SITE IMAGES THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

60

SITE IMAGES

61

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Owner’s Cabin

Run Area/ Prep area for spa and other therapies

Run Area for Dogs

Grooming area in SPA Hydro area in SPA

SITE IMAGES THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

62

ANALYSIS

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CASE STUDY III NAME: Rowan Animal Hospital and Dog Park LOCATION: 7460, 4155 Statesville Blvd, Salisbury, NC 28147, United States TYPE: Animal Hospital managed by private org.

ARCHITECT: Not Known.

PLOT AREA:9050sq.m.

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64

INTRODUCTION The Rowan Animal Hospital is located in the countryside of the rural town of Salisbury, North Carolina.

Rowan Animal Hospital serves clients with all types of animals, from small animal and exotics to farm animals and horses. It was important for Dr. Lowe and his facility to appeal to his rural clients.

This led to the design of an appealing brick-façade hospital up front for small animals, and a large red barn filled with high-tech features in the back. Bright, cheery colours, a spacious treatment area and modern equipment upgraded the hospital in a way that pleases Dr. Lowe—and offers better care for clients and patients.

1. Boarding: Pet sitting is the act of temporarily taking care of another person’s pet for a given time frame. Boarding facilty with grooming benefits and also if any clinical aid required is provided.

2. Small Pet Serices: Preventive care exams, vaccinations, diagnostic and therapeutic services, dentistry, behavorial training and dietry counselling, euthenasia are few services for canines and felines at facility. Also the boarding and shelter facility is available.

3. Production Animal Services: Vacccinations, Herd prevention exams, surgical services, Pregnancy ultrasound testing etc. are few services for large/ production/ farm animals. Facility also allows shelter to these kinds.

The side-lined area has been developed as a dog park which encourages involvement of society around as well.

65

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

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66

SITE PLAN

Salisbury venetian store

Precious 9 memorial dog park

Visitors Parking

Staff Parking

Rowan Animal Clinic Facility

Stormor warehouse

Statesville boulevard road

PLAN OF CLINICAL AREA AND WARD AREA 67

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

SITE IMAGES THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

68

SITE IMAGES

69

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Examination Room

Run Area for Animals

Surgery Area

Doctor’s Area

SITE IMAGES

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70

Examination Room

Run Area for Animals

Surgery Area

Doctor’s Area

SITE IMAGES

71

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

Run Area for Animals

Waiting Area

Run Area for Animals

Reception Area

ANALYSIS

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72

Project and Proposal Standard Areas Analysis Requirement Program Program Analysis Collective Inference

1 73

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

PROJECT AND PROPOSAL A unique approach towards animal welfare and rescue design has led to the following : • HOSPITAL- A state of art facility that will treat large and small animals along with 24 hour emergency facility. Hospital has OPD, emergency care room, treatment centre, pharmacy and other requirements. Hospital interiors and architecture are human-animal friendly as the footfall is almost same.

• ANIMAL CREMATORIUM- This block is cut-off from the rest blocks but still is near t hospital for shared services. It has two incinerators, a space for ceremony and administration area with an urn store.

• RESIDENCE- The staff members, medical facility doctors and other people will need a temporary / permanent area to stay at which is near to the blocks yet has a vibe of residence to it. Thus, permanent staff dorms can accommodate 30-40 people and doctor’s quarters can accommodate 15-20 people.

• SHELTER- Shelter is more of a module like structure which can be easily replicated to start only a shelter facility. It is designed as a radial distribution module with sector like divisions to house different animals with self sustainable qualities.

• TRAINING CENTRE- It is a centre where dogs can be admitted and put for police dog training or behavioural training. It is a facility that can accommodate 15-20 dogs with indoor and outdoor run areas.

• DAY-CARE/ HOSTEL- This is a luxury facility with grooming centres and spa for the dogs and cats whose owners have left them for a few period of time. Admits only dogs and cats, as the need suggested.

• THERAPY CENTRE- It is a place where truly humans and animals get an opportunity to connect. The facility includes canine therapy room, gardening area, rabbit coop, educational centre, counselling sessions and a walk- in- aviary.

• OTHER AREAS- Supporting areas like electric room, generator room, service room, dog park, cat café, open air theatre for public involvement and programs and many more.

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74

75

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24"-32" BACK LENGTH WITHOUT TAIL 5"-12" BACK LENGTH WITHOUT TAIL

18"-30" HEIGHT BASED ON BREED OF THE DOG 4"-8" HEIGHT FROM PAW TO NECK

LARGE DOG

KITTEN

95"-110" LENGTH FROM NOSE TO TAIL 40"-75" LENGTH FROM NOSE TO TAIL 20" TO 30" LENGTH IN ONE HOP AT MATURITY 8"-17" LENGTH AT FULL MATURITY 18"-25" LENGTH FROM NOSE TO TAIL

60" HEIGHT FROM PAW TO HUMP 25"-30" AVERAGE HEIGHT OF CALF 15"-25" HEIGHT FROM PAW TO EARS 12"-20" HEIGHT FROM CLAW TO HEAD 15"-20" HEIGHT AT MATURITY

AT MATURITY

AT MATURITY

AT MATURITY

AT MATURITY

CHICKEN

GOAT

PIG

CALF(1-4 yrs)

COW(ABOVE 4 yrs)

15-20 YEARS

15 - 18 YEARS

8-15 YEARS

4-7 YEARS

18-22 YEARS

25-30 YEARS

Social, affectionate, need larger run areas, grazing area, may get intimidated by their own kind because of their sexual habits.

Not so social, but can be around farm animals,need long run area, very active birds, need natural light.

Social with same species, like to climb, can graze all day, avoid human presence, don't like rains, like to balance and hop.

Social, like grazing, get upset or depressed if they are seperated from their calf or mates, dairy cattles need to be seperated from herd, sleep half the day.

Social, affectionate, like grooming, grazing, very poor immunity and prone to lice, can get depressed if alone.

Very social, can get threatened easily but be trained, natural preys, precocial species, doze while standing, graze, constant movement, less immunity,likes grooming.

Solitary at certain level, get stressed by dominant presence, playful, like round objects, pouncing.

Suspicious animals, likes getting pet, can get restless, like to walk around, like scratching, maybe anxious, like to climb.

Solitary, lay around, like to dig, patient, need space to move, affectionate.

Social, like to look out of spaces, hyperactivity, sleep, chewing and biting, might get depressed if not in company.

Social, like hearing sounds, like shiny materials, playing, barking, to get pet, toys to play around with.

BEHAVIOURAL/ CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS

Partially social, get intimidated easily, graze 40"-70" AVERAGE LENGTH slowly, prefer to be clean, do not like soiled area OF DOMESTICATED PIGS near living area, peaceful but protective.

70"-80" BACK LENTH WITHOUT TAIL

35"-65" HEIGHT AT MATURITY

AT MATURITY

35"-60" HEIGHT AT FULL MATURITY

80-95" BACK LENGTH AT MATURITY

60"-80" HEIGHT AT MATURITY

HORSE(ABOVE 4 yrs)

50"-75" BACK LENGTH WITHOUT TAIL

45"-55" HEIGHT FROM FOOT TO START OF NECK

HORSE(1-3 yr)

25-30 YEARS

18"-20" BACK LENGTH WITHOUT TAIL

9"-10" HEIGHT AT MATURITY

FULL GROWN CAT

12-16 YEARS

10-13 YEARS

13"-20" BACK LENGTH WITHOUT TAIL

SMALL/ MEDIUM DOG

6"-15" HEIGHT FROM PAW TO SHOULDER

BODY MEASUREMENT AS PER INDIAN STANDARDS 6"-12" BACK LENGTH WITHOUT TAIL

LIFE EXPECTANCY 4"-7" HEIGHT FROM PAW TO SHOULDER

PUPPY

RABBIT

COW

DONKEY

EQUINE

FELINE

CANINE

ANIMALS

12sq.ft LIVING AREA

20sq.ft LIVING AREA

4sq.ft LIVING AREA

12sq.ft LIVING AREA

15sq.ft LIVING AREA

30sq.ft LIVING AREA

40sq.ft LIVING AREA

145sq.ft LIVING AREA

100sq.ft LIVING AREA

15sq.ft LIVING AREA

10sq.ft LIVING AREA

35sq.ft LIVING AREA

20sq.ft LIVING AREA

12sq.ft LIVING AREA

25sq.ft. RUN AREA

45sq.ft. RUN AREA

15sq.ft. RUN AREA

32sq.ft. RUN AREA

40sq.ft RUN AREA

65sq.ft. RUN AREA

70sq.ft RUN AREA

450sq.ft RUN AREA

300sq.ft RUN AREA

20sq.ft RUN AREA

15sq.ft RUN AREA

50sq.ft RUN AREA

30sq.ft RUN AREA

20sq.ft RUN AREA

EXISTING STANDARD AREA AS PER INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ONE

STANDARD AREAS BASED ON BEHAVORIAL ANALYSIS

50sq.ft

80sq.ft

25sq.ft

45sq.ft

80sq.ft

120sq.ft

150sq.ft

750sq.ft

650sq.ft

45sq.ft

30sq.ft

90sq.ft

60sq.ft

45sq.ft

REVISED TOTAL AREA AS PER ANALYSIS AND REQUIREMENT

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76

HOSPITAL

60 70 70 70 70 120 175 30-40 50-60 15-20 30-40 30 50 300 50

Emergency room

Observation cell (petite animals)

Isolation cell (petite animals)

Observation cell (large animals)

Isolation cell (large animals) Recovery ward (petite animals) Recovery ward (large animals) ICU (petite animals) ICU (large animals) Kitchen Reception/ waiting/ lobby Administration Office/ Staff area Retail Area Ceremonial area Staff/ Visitor toilets

10 15 12 12 70 40 180 50 35 12 50 25 15 15 20-30 35-45 20 15 20 15

15

Staff Lounge

Janitorial closet and storage Other Storage area Visitor's Toilet Staff Toilet Staff Parking( 4 wheeler) Staff Parking( 2 wheeler) Visitor Parking( 4 wheeler) Visitor Parking( 2 wheeler) Ambulance/ rescue vehicle Exam Room for Small Animals Exam Room for Large Animals Pharmacy Research/ Examination Lab Pre - Operation area Operation theatre (petite animals) Operation theatre (large animals) Radiology Storage area Blood Bank Dental Suite

20 15 20

Staff Room/ Break Room Retail Area

20

Administration Office

Office Space for NGO's people

30 100

AREA

Reception Waiting Room

REQUIREMENTS

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

UNITS

-

-

-

-

-

1 1 2 2 4 2 2 1 -

1

1 -

1

1

-

NUMBER

REMARKS Front Desk Separate for animals Office for administrative purposes such as records and security camera surveillence Equipped with work space for manager, storage, office for 3 – 4 staff with computer desks Should be neaar staff pantry Pet nutrition center and product displays Employee discussion room, private restroom, training space, lockers, other required amenities Broom closet/ Space for working people for 10 cars for 15 two wheelers for 25 cars for 20 two wheelers 2 for small animals/ 1 for large animals(livestock) Cats, dogs, goats, birds,etc.

Farm and Production amimals Pharmacy/ Storage Space as per lab equipment Bathing/ grooming/ dressing area Area for accomodating 2-3 animals at once Area for accomodating 1-2 animals at once Space as per equipment scrub area, equipment space, near to radiology area and enough circulation space Located near Doctor's or staff area/ Provision of human circulation , for 10 animals Located away from normal wards, for 10 animals Located near Doctor's or staff area/ Provision of human circulation, for 5 animals Located away from normal wards, for 5 animals for 20-30 animals for 10-15 animals A/c rooms for small animals.

A/c rooms for large/ farm animals.

For all animals For visitors and formalities to proceed For staff and administration department Urn shop To perform ceremony for pets, waiting space -

PROJECT REQUIREMENT BASED ON ANALYSIS, NEED AND CASE STUDY

CREMATORIUM FUNCTIONS (800 Sqm.)

MEDICAL FUNCTIONS (1200 Sq.m)

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS (650 Sqm.)

77

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

SHELTER

70

Isolation cell (petite animals) Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

-

-

-

area and enough circulation space Located near Doctor's or staff area/ Provision of human circulation , for 10 animals Located away from normal wards, for 10 animals Located near Doctor's or staff area/ Provision of human circulation, for 5 animals Located away from normal wards, for 5 animals for 20-30 animals for 10-15 animals A/c rooms for small animals.

A/c rooms for large/ farm animals.

For all animals For visitors and formalities to proceed For staff and administration department Urn shop To perform ceremony for pets, waiting space One for small animals/ One for large animals(livestock) Can be used as other equipment storage too

20 80 20 20 10 10 180 120

Administration Office

Multipurpose area

Staff Room/ Break Room

Staff Lounge

Janitorial closet and storage Other Storage area Staff's staying facility Volunteer's staying facility

350

250 120- 150

Goat/ Sheep/ Pig barn Rabbit housing

Cow shed

30 15 100-150 15

150

Pregnancy ward Dressing/ petite care room Run areas Kitchen

Cattery/ general ward

30

20 30

Reception Waiting Room

Quarantine ward/ Isolation ward

10

Record room/ Store room

100 200 200 250 450 75 15 100-150 20

200

Crematorium/ Incinerator room

Quarantine ward/ Isolation ward Skin/ Contagious infection ward Paralysed/ Less mobility ward Puppy ward General ward Pregnancy ward Dressing/ petite care room Run areas Kitchen/ Storage

175 30-40 50-60 15-20 30-40 30 50 300 50

Isolation cell (large animals) Recovery ward (petite animals) Recovery ward (large animals) ICU (petite animals) ICU (large animals) Kitchen Reception/ waiting/ lobby Administration Office/ Staff area Retail Area Ceremonial area Staff/ Visitor toilets

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

FARM/ PRODUCTION ANIMAL SHED

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

CATTERY

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

KENNEL

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

0

1 1

1 1 2 -

1

1

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 -

2 2 2 -

-

2

1

1

-

1

2

-

for 10-15 animals, alongwith milking room for 10-15 rabbits alongwith run for 10-20 cows and calves, with feed and water

for 7-10 cats, duration of 2-3 weeks for 25 -30 cats , with litter box dumping area and space for cages to be used for isolation as well place for equipment and storage

for 10 dogs for about 2-3 weeks duration for 20 dogs of all sizes for 10-15 dogs for 20-25 puppies, for 40 dogs , duration till adopted or expired for 5-7 dogs with emergency equipment for 10-15 dogs in one slot -

Broom closet/ Space for working people for 20 people, separate for men and women If required , for 5-10 people ocassionally

Employee discussion room, private restroom, training space, lockers, other required amenities

Should be near staff pantry

for adoption ddrives, etc.

Office for administrative purposes such as records and security camera surveillence

Front Desk Separate for animals

70 Sqm. PROJECT REQUIREMENT BASED ON ANALYSIS, NEED AND CASE STUDY 120 Sqm. -

70

70

Observation cell (petite animals)

Observation cell (large animals)

60

Emergency room

SHELTER FUNCTIONS (10000- 12000 Sqm.)

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS ( 650 Sqm.)

CREMATORIUM FUNCTIONS (800 Sqm.)

(1200 Sq.m)

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HOSTEL AND DAYCARE

SHELTER

250 120- 150

Goat/ Sheep/ Pig barn Rabbit housing

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

1 1 2 -

1

1

for 7-10 cats, duration of 2-3 weeks for 25 -30 cats , with litter box dumping area and space for cages to be used for isolation as well place for equipment and storage

50 100 500 1500 50

Quarantine ward/ Isolation ward Paralysed/ Less mobility ward Storage space Kitchen Run areas Dressing/ petite care shed

80 30 30 25 15 12

Reception Waiting Room

Administration Office

Staff Room/ Break Room Janitorial closet and storage Other Storage area

160 100 60 50 140 40 150 100 25 20 50

Dog Suites Run/ Play/ Exercise area

Cat Condos Run/ Play/ Relax area

Kennels Cattery Training ground and center SPA

Pool area Retail area

Indoor training area

60-70

-

Visitor and Staff parking

-

15-20

120- 150

Coop Run area Storage space

Pet boarding and checkup room

-

Storage space

1500-2500

700

Horse/ Donkey stable

Aviary

350

Cow shed

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

DAYCARE

Sqm. Sqm.

CATTERY (10days-45days)

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

KENNEL (10days-45days)

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

COOP

Sqm.

Sqm.

AVIARY

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

FARM/ PRODUCTION ANIMAL SHED

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 1 -

1

0

1 1

-

for 15 dogs small and large (6.5 Sqm per dog) for 15 cats (1.5 Sqm per cat) Only for dogs with required training ground divided by partitions , to serve 3 animals at a time, division for cats, equipment storage and separate for cats and dogs. can be accessible to visitors

for 20 cats Cat café

for 15 dogs small and large secluded with equipment

Separate for dogs and cats facility Separate for animals Office for administrative purposes such as records and security camera surveillence Should be near staff pantry Broom closet/ Space for working people table for animals for basic checkup, can be staff area or staff room too For 5-7 cars and 10 two- wheelers

for 10-15 chickens Alongwith coop for 10-15 chickens

height- atleast 25m from ground floor level, Walkin-aviary, accomodation for cages space for food, petite care area and extra cages within the aviary space

for 10-15 animals, alongwith milking room for 10-15 rabbits alongwith run for 10-20 cows and calves, with feed and water trough for 10 donkeys and horses, with tack room and wash bay will include kitchen space , not needed much for cows, donkeys and horses -

PROJECT REQUIREMENT BASED ON ANALYSIS, NEED AND CASE STUDY

30 15 100-150 15

150

30

Pregnancy ward Dressing/ petite care room Run areas Kitchen

Cattery/ general ward

Quarantine ward/ Isolation ward

CATTERY

LUXURY/ ADDITIONAL COMMON FUNCTIONS (350 Sqm.)

ANIMAL ACCOMODATION FUNCTIONS (900 Sqm.)

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS ( 300 Sqm.)

SHELTER FUNCTIONS (10000- 12000 Sqm.)

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STAFF RESIDENCE

THERAPY/ HEALING

TRAINING CENTER

HOSTEL AND DAYCARE 60 50

Cat Condos Run/ Play/ Relax area

DAYCARE

Sqm. Sqm.

CATTERY (10days-45days)

Sqm. Sqm. -

for 20 cats Cat café

for 15 dogs small and large secluded with equipment

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

25 20 50 200 20 150 15 50

Pool area Retail area

Indoor training area Outdoor training area/ ground Admission and Administration area Boarding Facility Clinic room Pool room

500 100 90 300

Community space

Adminstrator/ Doctor bedrooms Living/ Kitchen area Parking for 10 cars and 20 2-wheelers

Sqm.

200 100 40

15

Staff office/ Administration office

Staff dorm

40 15

Educational center Counselling office

Kitchen and dining area for staff Staff bathrooms

Sqm.

1000

Community space

Sqm. Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

Sqm. Sqm.

150 1000 50

Barn

Riding arena for horses Kennel

Sqm. Sqm.

Sqm.

100

SPA

Sqm. Sqm.

40 150

Cattery Training ground and center

for 5-7 dogs can be used as a public dog park, dog shows, open, semi-open, closed space.

2-3 rooms for therapy and counselling alongwith basic admin room

-

2

-

2

-

-

ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER FUNCTIONS (2500 Sqm.)

ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER FUNCTIONS (750 Sqm.)

LUXURY/ ADDITIONAL COMMON FUNCTIONS (350 Sqm.)

ANIMAL ACCOMODATION FUNCTIONS (900 Sqm.)

2 separate bathrooms can be used as a public dog park, dog shows, open, RESIDENTIAL FUNCTION (3500 Sqm.) semi-open, closed space. with attached toilet and double sharing -

-

accomodation for 70 working staff members

for 5 horses, with tack area and grooming area

-

for 20 dogs -

for 15 cats (1.5 Sqm per cat) Only for dogs with required training ground divided by partitions , to serve 3 animals at a time, division for cats, equipment storage and separate for cats and dogs. can be accessible to visitors

2 2 1 -

-

-

-

PROJECTKennels REQUIREMENT BASED ON ANALYSIS, NEED -AND CASE for STUDY 140 Sqm. 15 dogs small and large (6.5 Sqm per dog)

160 100

Dog Suites Run/ Play/ Exercise area

PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND COLLECTIVE INFERENCE

Animals are brought for checkups, medication, vaccination, etc. Some are rescued and nursed back to

good health.

Animals are put for adoption when they are physically and mentally healthy to go back to the natural habitat.

Animal boarding or commonly known as pe hostel allow a comfortable stay for mostly pet animals for a certain duration.

Animals such as dogs, horses, rabbits and cats provide animal assisted therapy for all age grouos for different purposes.

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Site Selection Criteria Proposed Site Site Data Locational Context Climate Analysis Scope of the Project SWOT Analysis

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SITE SELECTION CRITERIA • Based on statistical data: Animal shelters throughout India receive most calls of help for stray dogs and stray cattle. Coherently, the majority of owner-less animals in a shelter are dogs and cows.

According to the 19th Livestock Census 2012, the city of Pune has a rather large number of stray dogs as opposed to the other Tier1 metropolitan cities of India.

In an ideal scenario, the number of animal welfare organisations in a city should be inversely proportional to the number of homeless animals. Mumbai has 37 animal welfare organisations including veterinary hospitals whereas Delhi has 26 such organisations. It is these government and non-government organisations that keep the population of homeless animals in check and take responsibility for the welfare of these animals.

Maharashtra has an area of 307,713 Sq.km. and number of veterinary hospitals are 200 in number while Madhya Pradesh has a similar area of 308, 442 Sq.km with 1008 veterinary hospitals. Thus explains immediate need of hospitals in state. (Data as per calculated in 2015) 19th Livestock Census-2012 Ahmedabad Bengaluru Chennai

Stray Cows Stray Dogs

Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata 0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Major cities facing animal cruelty, abuse and abandonment are Mumbai and Pune as per the 19th livestock census conducted in the year 2012. Being the most populated city by men and animals with immense exposure to nature, Mumbai-Navi Mumbai gives scope for the cause.

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SITE SELECTION CRITERIA • Based on generated requirement program: 5 major facility blocks are Hospital, Shelter, Training Centre and Day-care, Therapy Centre and Crematorium.

Area required for various animals is different from humans as their anthropometry is different and thus their requirements change as per their habits and behavioural patterns.

• 1.

2.

3.

83

FACILITY

AREAS

UNIT

Hospital/ Crematorium Shelter Hostel and Daycare Training Center Therapy Center Residential Area

4500 10000 3000 1000 5000 4000

Sq. m Sq. m Sq. m Sq. m Sq. m Sq. m

TOTAL

27500

Sq. m

Based on user criteria: Willingness to appreciate service provided.

Willingness and capacity to spend.

Approach to changing paradigm of relationship between humans and animal.

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PROPOSED SITE

PROPOSED SITE THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

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SITE DETAILS

262.0M

267.0M

22.0M

535.0M

160.0M

105.0M 20.0M 85

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TOPOGRAPHICAL SITE PLAN

TALOJA CREEK

PROPOSED SITE

STREAM

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SITE DATA 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Location: Sector 16, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra - 410210 Site Area: 88,410 sq.m. / 22 acres Existing Land Use: Commercial and Further Development Zone Building Typology: Medical and Shelter Facility for Animals Building Function: Animal Care, Shelter, Training and Therapy Program Contents: Animal Hospital for small and large animals, Animal Crematorium, Animal Rescue and Shelter facility, Animal Hostel/ Day-care and Training Center, Animal related Therapy Center, Educational Center and Aviary.

7. Height Restrictions: upto 37.5 m 8. Setbacks: For building above 15m to 37.5m, front setback is 6m to 12m; rear and side setback should be 4.5m to 9m 9. FSI: For plots of area 1000 sqm. and above & fronting on minimum 15 m. wide road FSI permissible is 1.5 10. Built up Permissible: 1.5*88,410 = 1,32,615 11. Parking Norms: For Residential - 4 tenements having carpet area upto 35 sq.m. each; For Hospital and other Medical Facility - One car parking space for every 100 sq.mt. of tota floor area.

12. Other Operable Norms: • Every plot of land shall have at least 1 tree for every 100 sq.m. or part thereof, of the plot area.

• All fire escapes shall be directly connected to the ground. All materials of constructions in load bearing elements, stairways and corridors and facades shall be non-combustible.

• Ramps with a slope of not more than 1 in 10 may be substituted for and shall comply with all the applicable requirements of required stairways as to enclosure capacity and limiting dimensions. Ramps shall be surfaced with approved non-slipping material.

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LOCATIONAL CONTEXT KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI The Navi Mumbai project area spread over approx. 343.7 sq.km, contained 95 villages of Thane and Raigad Districts. The area covered under the project had about 17,000 hectares of private land and an equal area of forest and government land.

Most of the land was marshy and barren. The existing population in the project area was 1,17,000 people.

Kalamboli is one of the nodes of Navi Mumbai. It is a transportation hub, being situated at the junction of the Sion-Panvel Highway, NH 4, Panvel By-Pass, NH 17 and Mumbai-Pune Expressway and is among the biggest iron and steel delivery centres in India.

The township, like the rest of Navi Mumbai, is divided into sectors, which are further divided into plots. The residential and commercial areas of Kalamboli are divided by the NH 4 highway. Roadpali, a village to the north of Kalamboli, is developing at a faster rate than the latter with many residential projects coming up due to availability of land. Roadpali is located along the Taloja Link Road.

CIDCO is the nodal administrative body for Kalamboli node. Kalamboli also has a Sewage Water Treatment Plant owned by CIDCO. Kalamboli is now governed by Panvel Municipal Corporation. The terminal of Mumbai-Pune Expressway is at Kalamboli. It also has Navi Mumbai’s largest marble market alongside the Sion Panvel Highway.

Kalamboli measures about 680 ha, 4 km long and 3 km wide. Kalamboli is divided into 23 sectors. The general levels vary from 1.5 to 15.0 meters within the site. A third of the site is almost flat, but the areas close to the creek are low-lying. Kharghar hills bring a huge amount of rainwater, which is directed into the creek through the node as well as the Central Park area.

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SITE IMAGES

89

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SITE IMAGES

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SITE LAND USE Site lies in sector 16 of the Kharghar area with commercial/ resid+comm classification.

Kharghar Development Plan drafted by concerned authority of Navi Mumbai that is CIDCO.

PROPOSED SITE

SITE ACCESSIBILITY

Road Network: The major part of Kharghar is forest area and rest is divided in sectors. Road network is efficient with two and four lane roads. Major roads near site are Vastu Vihar Road and Gharkul road adjacent to Mumbai-Pune Highway.

Railway Station: Kharghar is the fourth railway station from Panvel on the Harbour Line of the Mumbai Suburb Railway network. It is 5km from proposed site.

Metro Station: The first line in Navi Mumbai will have Belapur-Kharghar-Taloja-Pendhar as its stops. Sector 26 (5km) will have main station while sub-stations at Sector 11 ,7 and 14.

Bus Station and Bus Stops: DAV International school uses the bus stops on Vastu Vihar road and the opposite road.

Other bus stops run parallel to the highway. Nearby ST bus station is at 2.5km.

Airport: Navi Mumbai is connecting soon to an international airport in Panvel area near Ulwe i.e. 15km from the site.

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is 35km from site.

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RESIDENTIAL+ COMMERCIAL

PROPOSED RAILWAY STATION

b.

h.

c.

f. a.

e.

g.

d.

KALAMBOLI, NAVI MUMBAI

TALOJE RIVER

TALOJA

SITE SURROUNDINGS AND NEIGHBOURHOOD

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Proposed Site Vastu Vihar (LIG-MIG housing) DAV International School Sewage treatment Plant Vastu Vihar KH1 block Bus stop Taloje creek Sion – Panvel highway

SITE TOPOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES Terrain: Plain land is found in the eastern, southern and northern part of the Navi Mumbai. In the eastern part, the level land is found in Kharghar, Kalamboli, Kamothe and Panvel areas.

Slope: The general trend is, however, north-northwest to south-southeast and northnortheast-south-southeast-south-southwest directions dipping steeply to the east , considering whole region.

Minerals: Navi Mumbai is one of the backward regions in the state in respect of mineral resources endowment. Trap rocks being hard, dense and durable are most suitable for building purposes, but generally lack in minerals. Sand mining takes place in the areas around Belapur creek and Panvel creek.

Soils: Medium Black Soils are found on the plain areas. These soils are well suitable for rice cultivation. These are found at Kharghar, Kalamboli, Kamothe, Panvel, Ulwe etc. Because of high urbanization, these soils are subjected for erosion.

Climate: The climate here is tropical. During most months of the year, there is significant rainfall in Navi Mumbai. There is only a short dry season. This climate is considered to be Am according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average annual temperature Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai is 26.8 °C. The rainfall here averages 3044 mm.

Winds: Navi Mumbai is influenced by west, east and north-east winds. Winds are generally moderate except during the south-west monsoon season when they are stronger.

Drainage: As far as drainage is concerned, there are no main rivers in the study area.

There is only one small river, namely Gadi river that d flows towards Southwest along the Panvel city and drains its water in the Panvel creek. However, it is observed and noticed that two very small rivers namely; Taloja and Nawade are flowing only during the rainy season and ultimately join the Panvel creek.

Vegetation: High vegetation on south side of site while clear land on the northern part. Trees with diameter 5-10m to be observed. Kharghar has a central park. An area of 80 ha. (approx.) Is earmarked for ‘ Central Park’. It is a relatively flat terrain that has sporadic vegetation. The site acts as a link between two natural elements: hill and water.

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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF KHARGHAR AND SITE SPECIFIC REGION

The “mean daily maximum” (solid red line) shows the maximum temperature of an average day for every month for Kharghar. Likewise, “mean daily minimum” (solid blue line) shows the average minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years.

The graph shows the monthly number of sunny, partly cloudy, overcast and precipitation days. Days with less than 20% cloud cover are considered as sunny, with 20-80% cloud cover as partly cloudy and with more than 80% as overcast.

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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF KHARGHAR AND SITE SPECIFIC REGION

The maximum temperature diagram for Kharghar displays how many days per month reach certain temperatures.

The precipitation diagram for Kharghar shows on how many days per month, certain precipitation amounts are reached. In tropical and monsoon climates, the amounts may be underestimated.

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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF KHARGHAR AND SITE SPECIFIC REGION

The wind rose for Panvel shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction.

Source: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/kharghar_idia_8133395 THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

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Technology Development Matrix Structure Calculations Services Sustainability Systems

97

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CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES

SUSTAINABILITY IDEOLOGY

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SOCIETY ECONOMICS POLITICS

98

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT MATRIX

99

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TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT MATRIX

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100

STRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 1. STRUCTURAL MASONRY Structural masonry is a construction system in which the walls do the structural function, not necessary the employment of beams and columns for building support.

They have reduced cost compared to the conventional system of beams, columns and slabs. It is known for best thermal performance. It’s lightness facilitates execution faster. It also prevents movement of noise that has acoustic preventing qualities.

It is one of the oldest building methodologies, and by far the most resilient. From the Egyptian pyramids and Roman Pantheon to the Vatican and the Biltmore, stone and brick masonry have been used to build the world’s most iconic and enduring structures. Structural masonry is a cost effective engineering solution that offers many options and significant design flexibility.

2. COMPRESSED STABILISED EARTH BLOCKS The first attempts for compressed earth blocks were tried in the early days of the 19th century in Europe. The soil, raw or stabilized, for a compressed earth block is slightly moistened, poured into a steel press (with or without stabiliser) and then compressed either with a manual or motorized press. CEB can be compressed in many different shapes and sizes. Compressed earth blocks can be stabilised or not.

But most of the times, they are stabilised with cement or lime. Therefore, they prefer today to call them Compressed Stabilised Earth Blocks (CSEB).

The input of soil stabilization allowed people to build higher with thinner walls, which have a much better compressive strength and water resistance. With cement stabilization, the blocks must be cured for four weeks after manufacturing. After this, they can dry freely and be used like common bricks with a soil cement stabilized mortar.

Sustainability and Eco- Friendliness of CSEB• Earth is a local material and the soil should preferably be extracted from the site itself or not transported from too far away • Labour costs for CSEB production amount to 40 to 45% of the total cost. This promotes endogenous development.

• It is a cost and energy effective material.

• The embodied energy of CSEB is 10.7 times less than country fired brick.

• Carbon emissions of CSEB are 12.5 times less than country fired brick.

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ADVANTAGES • A local material • A biodegradable material • Limiting deforestation • Management of resources • Energy efficiency and eco friendliness • Cost efficiency • A transferable technology • A job creation opportunity • Reducing imports • Flexible production scale VARIOUS BLOCK DESIGNS AVAILABLE

LIMITATIONS • Proper soil identification is required or unavailability of soil.

• Ignorance of the basics for production & use.

• Wide spans, high & long building are difficult to do.

• Low technical performances compared to concrete.

• Untrained teams producing bad quality products.

• Over-stabilization through fear or ignorance, implying outrageous • Under-stabilization resulting in low quality products.

• Bad quality or un-adapted production equipment.

• Low social acceptance due to counter examples (By unskilled people, or bad soil & equipment).

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CONSTRUCTION OF AVIARY

REQUIREMENTS: Birds need sunlight or they can die but make sure they have access to plenty of shade as well.

The plants you add help break up open spaces so various birds can set up their own territories. This will resolve a lot of issues with aggression, stress that causes feather plucking along with many other problems that arise with captive birds in tiny cages.

A feeding system for birds should be fixed along with a continuous available source of water that birds can get accustomed to.

TREES FOR AVIARY: Mahua, Jamun, Mango, Fig, Indian Gooseberry, Neem.

BIRDS FOR AVIARY: Parrots, Quails, Canaries, Cockatiels, Lovebirds, Finches.

CONSTRUCTION: A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The triangular elements of the dome are structurally rigid and distribute the structural stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size.

An elevated bridge in the zone allows visitors to get a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape and catch sight of some of the more reticent birds in action.

Aviary mesh on the other hand should be made of aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized steel after welding (not before welding) or similar materials so that it does not rust. If the wire is not made from rust resistant material then it will only last a few months before it falls apart. Stainless steel is perhaps the best metal for parrot housing because it is bird-safe, strong, lightweight and rust proof.

Domes can also be constructed with a lightweight aluminium framework which can either be bolted or welded together or can be connected with a more flexible nodal point/hub connection.

Source: https://www.queenslanderaviaries.com/aviaryupdates/see-inside-the-worlds-largest-aviary

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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF ROOF FOR SHELTER AND THERAPY CENTER The roof structural system consist of three main members: 1. Compression ring and Tension ring 2. Single pitched truss or Rafters 3. Roofing material 1. Compression and Tension Ring - Compression ring in the center balances the compression forces and the Tension ring placed at the end balances the tension forces.

2. Truss- Parallel chord truss or single pitched truss can be used for the long spans without columns. Radial truss system is commonly used for such roof systems. Thus , mono pitch truss or curved truss can be used.

3. Rafters- Rafter is a structural component that is used as part of a roof construction.

Typically, it runs from the ridge or hip of the roof to the wall plate of the external wall. Rafters are generally laid in series, side by side, providing a base to support roof decks, roof coverings and so on.

4. Roofing material - Solar shingles, also called photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels designed to look like and function as conventional roofing materials, such as asphalt shingle or slate, while also producing electricity.

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SAFETY MEASURES • Universal Design Universal design is an approach to design that works to ensure products and buildings can be used by virtually everyone, regardless of their level of ability or disability.

Universal design is not a design style, but an orientation to design. In this case or building type, the animals and their movement and accessibility is considered the top priority. Safety and accessibility are key points. Thus the pathways and roadways are made quite sorted to help easy evacuation or refuge in case of calamity.

• Resilient Design Resilient construction has been in place for centuries, but only relatively recently has it been used as a systematic component of an integrated flood risk management strategy. Resilient buildings are designed and constructed in such a way to avoid, prevent, or reduce the damage caused when flooding takes place. They can play an important part in flood risk management strategy by reducing damage and, importantly, speeding up the recovery process. Interlocking blocks can resist disasters (Cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis and floods), provided that they are hollow, so as to be reinforced with Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), at regular intervals.

• Seismic Responsive Design The provided site is not under high seismic or medium seismic zone but lies near a huge water body and thus few measures shall be taken and considered while designing. The advantage of hollow interlocking CSEB, compared to hollow concrete blocks, is that they offer keys, which interlock in the other blocks. Thus these walls offer more resistance to shear and buildings would be even stronger. They would better resist earthquakes and without major damages.

• Flood Responsive Design 1. Trees don’t just prevent flooding in the forest or countryside. Trees play a big role in lessening damage from flooding in cities as well. Concrete doesn’t do much to stop or soak up rain. Water runs across the top of pavement, not into it. Trees and soil, on the other hand, can act as a sponge.

2. Architectural considerations: When it comes to the foundations, solid groundbearing concrete slabs are the preferred option. Flood vents (permanent openings in foundation walls) allow floodwaters to escape.

3. Material: Handmade bricks are very absorbent but engineering bricks are virtually waterproof, so utilise them up to likely flood levels.

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WHY CURVILINEAR AND FLUIDITY IN DESIGN? • Effect of curvilinear form of building on Environment The environment generated by the diverse curvilinear forms encourage various kinds of behaviour. The prominent ones were promoting communication, encouraging movement, lifting the spirit, aiding orientation, changing perception, enhancing social experience, increasing pleasure, supporting the sense of community, relieving sense of distance and dissolving social boundaries. Curvilinear architectural forms thus have vital influence on environment-behaviour.

Curved buildings can point to nature, whereas angular buildings contrast with it • Human Psychology with respect to curvilinear design For reasons hidden in the foundations of the brain’s architecture, a curve, because it suggests warmth and well-being and harmony, touches a more profound part of the psyche than a parallelogram. As humans practice biomimicry in modern architecture, proposed are mostly curvilinear for their expert support and shear properties as well as aesthetically pleasing appearance.

• Inspiration from natural architects - ANIMALS Humans are far from the only creatures with the ability to shape the environment in their favour. From insects and arachnids to marine invertebrates and mammals, the animal kingdom is rife with members who all construct their own habitats. The most common adoption of shape by animals is curvilinear form.

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106

Why our ancestors built round houses – and why it still makes sense to build round structures today?

The oldest forms of indigenous shelter were often round in shape. Why did our ancestors choose to build round? Because the ovoid shape — eggs, earth, tree trunks, and stones — is what they saw reflected in the surrounding natural environment.

Wind and tsunami waves move naturally around a round building rather than getting caught at (and potentially ripping off) corners. The natural ther­mal dynam­ ics of open-at-the-top architecture round space uses no external energy to circulate temperature. It works like this; heated air naturally rises till it reaches the insulated ceiling, it moves up the domed ceiling till it reaches the center skylight, which is cooler, the air reacts by dropping to the floor where it moves across to the walls and rises again till it meets the skylight and drops again. This action constantly circulates the air and temperatures in the home.

The acoustics of round space can be out of this world. The curve soft­ens the sounds inside the build­ing mak­ing it the per­fect place for rest and reflec­tion or for social­iz­ing and lis­ten­ing to and play­ing music. The shape also pre­vents noise from pen­e­trat­ing in from the out­side. Sound waves dis­si­pate as they wrap around the build­ing, shield­ing the interior from loud out­side noise.

The roof structure incorporates a unique architectural design, roof trusses meet in a center ring, producing inward and outward pressure which holds the roof in a state of compression. A central compression ring at the top of the roof and the encircling cables where the roof meets the walls, long roof spans are possible without any internal support system (like beams or posts). The interconnected tension in the building goes all the way to the ground and uses gravity and compression to hold it together with incredible strength.

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CALCULATIONS 1. REQUIREMENT OF CSEB BRICKS A typical block size is 290 x 140 x 90mm. A single storey building with a floor area of 50m2 will require about 3000 blocks. The estimated amount of soil, stabiliser, and water needed for building such a house is given in the table.

HOSPITAL - 5400 sq.m. which is 3,24,000 blocks.

SHELTER - 14050 sq.m. which is 8,43,000 blocks.

CREMATORIUM - 1650 sq.m. which is 99,000 blocks.

RESIDENTIAL - 1550 sq.m. which is 93,000 blocks.

THERAPY CENTER - 4800 sq.m. which is 2,88,000 blocks.

DAY-CARE/ HOSTEL - 1500 sq.m. 90,000 blocks.

OPEN AIR THEATRE - 750 sq.m. 45,000 blocks MAIN ENTRANCE/ BOUNDARY WALL/ PLAZA - 450 sq.m. which is 30,000 blocks.

Therefore, total CSEB bricks requirement is 18,12,000 blocks approx.

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2. RAINWATER HARVESTING Roof Area (m2) X Precipitation Amount (mm) = Amount Collected (liters) Average Annual Rainfall in Navi Mumbai(Kharghar) = Ground Catchment Area = 25000m2 X 3058 Volume of Rainawater = 7,64,50,000 litres in a year.

Usable Rainwater from the Roof, Hospital: 6000 sq.m.

Shelter: 12800 sq.m.

Residential: 1550 sq.m.

Therapy Center: 3000 sq.m.

Day-Care/ Hostel: 1500 sq.m.

Total Catchment Area = 24550 sq.m.

Volume of Rainwater = 24550m2 X 3058 Therefore, Total Harvested water amounts to 7,50,73,900 litres approx. in a year.

The average annual temperature in Kharghar is 27.0 °C. Precipitation here averages 3058 mm.

Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/maharashtra/kharghar-708262/ https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,navi-mumbaimaharashtra-in,India 109

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3. WATER CONSUMPTION • For Residential, As per IS code, 135 litres is needed for daily use per person per day.

Number of People residing = 80 people Total water requirement is 135 litres x 80 = 10,800 litres per day.

• For Hospital, Human use(administration purpose) = 45 litre per day approx.

Expected Staff = 15-20 people, The visitors shall be accounted for.

Total water requirement is 45 x 20 = 900 litres per day Animal use( healthy state) = 10 gallons per day approx.

Expected Full Capacity = 40 animals Total water requirement is 40 x10 = 400 gallons per day/ 1500 litres per day • For Therapy Center/ Training Center, Human use(administration purpose) = 45 litre per day approx.

Expected Staff = 12 people, The visitors shall be accounted for.

Total water requirement is 45 x 12 = 540 litres per day Animal use( healthy state) = 10 gallons per day approx.

Expected Full Capacity = 40 animals Total water requirement is 40 x10 = 400 gallons per day/ 1520 litres per day • For Day-Care/ Hostel, Human use(administration purpose) = 45 litre per day approx.

Expected Staff = 8 people Total water requirement is 45 x 8 = 360 litres per day Animal use( healthy state) = 10 gallons per day approx.

Expected Full Capacity = 80 animals Total water requirement is 80 x10 = 800 gallons per day/ 3500 litres per day • For Shelter, Human use(administration purpose) = 45 litre per day approx.

Expected Staff = 15- 20 people Total water requirement is 45 x 20 = 900 litres per day For considering number of people/ staff required, It is recommend a minimum of 15 minutes ofcare time per day for feeding and cleaning each animal housed in the shelter (9 minutes for cleaning and 6 minutes for feeding) For example, if 40 animals are present, a minimum of 10 hours of care would be required for basic care (40 animals @ 15 minutes/animal = 10 hours).

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Therefore, Number of animals in shelter = 280- 300 animals 300 animals @ 15minutes per animal= 75 hours An average working shift to be considered as 6-7 hours, then number of people required is 13-15 people minimum.

Animal use(healthy state)

The above chart represents the minimum standard amount of water consumed by various animals as unit/ gallon/ day. The chart shows statistics based purely on shelter requirements and includes only drinking consumption. Additional 3-5 gallons of water should be added to every unit for cleaning and sanitation purposes.

Total water consumption in shelter is 3000 gallons per day. • For Crematorium, Human use(administration purpose) = 45 litre per day approx.

Expected Staff = 5 people Total water requirement is 45 x 5 = 225 litres per day The visitors shall be accounted for.

As for animals, it may rise or fall everyday based upon number of animals are entered.

Water will be required for cleaning and washing the bodies of animals.

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4. DUNG COLLECTION AND BIO-GAS GENERATION

If the Anaerobic combustion is considered, then 1000 kgs of dung can produce about 450 cubic meters of Biogas.

1 cubic meter of gas can produce about 2.8 KWh of Energy.

Total amount of dung collected = 1210 kg which is equal to 550 cubic meter.

Therefore, 550 cubic meter can produce 1550 KWh in a day of energy.

5. SOLAR PANELS/ SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION Shelter = 9000sq.ft.

Hospital = 4900sq.ft.

Therapy Center = 2500sq.ft.

Vet and Staff Residence= 2000sq.ft.

Therefore, approximate generation of electricity from solar installation is Total sq.ft. X watts produced by 1 square feet 18500 sq.ft X15 watts/ sq.ft. = 2,77,500 watts that is approx. 4340 bulbs ( 60 watts ).

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SUSTAINABILITY 1. Preserving the existing site-scape and resources available on the site.

2. Efficient ways to incorporate daylight in the interiors.

3. Material usage and construction techniques.

4. Water Management 5. Sustainable roofing techniques 6. Facade Design 7. Rainwater Catchment Pit 8. Bio- Gas Plant 1. Preserving the Existing Site has a very gentle slope throughout with minor rises. Existing trees are wild trees which can be preserved as a part of design. Site is covered with wild growing bushes which need to be uprooted for construction and sanitary reasons.

A natural occurring pond that covers 788sq.m. of area on south side of the site is preserved with boundary trees and viewing deck passing from the aviary.

Seepage and collection of water is to be found on the north eastern side of the site which will be repaired and converted into a rainwater catchment pit as the slope of the site is towards the north- east.

NORTH

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2. Material Usage and Construction Technology

Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB), commonly called, Pressed Earth Blocks, are construction material made using damp soil under high amount of pressure to form blocks. They are composed of dry inorganic subsoil, non-expansive clay, aggregates and Portland cement. CSEBs are an environmentally friendly alternative to clay bricks that most of the residential construction in India today uses.

Steel truss roofing system - Steel roof trusses are usually more expensive than wooden trusses, but you can expect them to last a lot longer. Chemical treatments aren’t needed to maintain the frame and insect infestations aren’t a risk. They are also lightweight, making them easier and quicker to transport and install.

3. Incorporating Daylight

Skylight Strategy - A skylight is a light-transmitting structure that forms all or part of the roof space of a building for daylighting purposes.

Clerestory Roof - Clerestory roof design can be hipped or gable presenting symmetrical roof and can be skilled roof. The main benefit of clerestory is ventilation, light, and air with the help of clerestory windows. No matter what is the style of roof, adjustment of windows can be done in any kind of roof.

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4. Water Management Terrace gardens play an important role in rain-water harvesting by acting as catchment area absorbing the incident rain and channelling it through pipes to a collection area where suitable plants help recharge the ground water table.

Seepage into the ground can be installed in pedestrian areas and parking.

Green terrace tops with plants and flowers grant green and cool spaces, energy conservation,best quality air for breath, healthy life, good biodiversity. Also rooftop and terrace gardens give pleasure to city residents and provide an opportunity for improving creativity as well psychological benefits.

Some rainwater can be absorbed into the soil by the use of permeable grid pavers. The remaining rainwater can follow existing flow patterns into a pond, another traditional method of rain water harvesting, which can be constructed at a low-lying site.

5. Sustainable Roof Green Roof - One of the ways as previously discussed is to lay terrace garden which does not allow harsh heat to strike on roof and keeps the interiors in check. A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. Green roofs serve several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, increasing benevolence and decreasing stress of the people around the roof by providing a more aesthetically pleasing landscape, and helping to lower urban air temperatures and mitigate the heat island effect.

Solar panels/ shingles - Solar shingles, also called photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels designed to look like and function as conventional roofing materials, such as asphalt shingle or slate, while also producing electricity. Solar shingles are a type of solar energy solution known as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). Advantages of solar roof: -The energy and heat from the sun is free and unlimited.

-Solar power is non-polluting. Solar power usage does not emit any greenhouse gases or harmful waste.

-Solar power is perfect and saving for power generation in remote areas or where the cost of expansion utility grid is high.

-Solar power is versatile. It can be used for low-power purpose as well as larger ones - from hand-held calculators, watches, and solar powered garden lights to water heaters, cars, buildings and satellites.

-Solar power system requires very little maintenance and last for many years.

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6. Rainwater catchment pit Catching rainwater in catchment ponds not only conserves surface water, but also helps to recharge the aquifers as the water from the ponds slowly percolates into the ground. They store rainwater but with the main aim of infiltrating the water to aquifers where it can be extracted using boreholes, hand-dug wells, or nearby springs. They are constructed in areas where the base of the pond is permeable and where the aquifer to be recharged is at or near the surface. Advantages of a water harvesting pond: -Facilitate recharge into surrounding ground which in turn improves soil moisture, improves agricultural productivity and mitigates against drought - Can assist recharge of shallow wells, boreholes and springs - Can reduce salinity in groundwater.

7. Bio-Gas Plant A biogas plant is the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats farm wastes or energy crops. It can be produced using anaerobic digester (air-tight tanks with different configurations). During the process, the micro-organisms transform biomass waste into biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) and digested. Higher quantity of biogas could be produced when the wastewater is co-fermented with other residual from dairy industry, sugar industry, brewery industry.

The installed electric capacity of biogas plants ranges from around 30 kW to several megawatts.

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Design Parameters S.W.O.T Analysis Collective Inference

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DESIGN PARAMETERS 1. VOLUMETRIC DISPOSITION Edge of the road Existing water body Direction of slope Hierarchy of built-up and landscape

Dir

ect

ion

of S

lop

e

Sun Path

Proposed aquifer

Res

erv

ed

for

Built mass

den

se

gre

en

Natural existing pond

Engag

ement

of built

with t

he site

surrou

ndings

2. PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT Restriction of movement Interference with animal movement Direct access to public areas

Res

ide

nti

al a

rea

Path a rou shelte nd r for s ervice OAT Entran

ce 1

Public Plaza

Public Plaza

Entran

ce 2

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118

3. ANIMAL MOVEMENT Restriction of movement Access to run areas Access based on purpose

Proposed aquifer

Shelter Hospital Graz ing a rea

Crematorium

Aviary Therapy Center

Training Center

Natural existing pond

4. VEHICULAR MOVEMENT Restriction of mobility Periphery of the site Servicing Requirements Drop- off for various functions

Ser

vice

Roa

Sun Path

Axis 2

d-

9m

wid

e

Axis 1

15m w

ide roa

Parking

Parking

119

d reach

ing the

site

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

5. HIERARCHY OF SPACES Open spaces Built-Up/ Closed spaces Adjacencies Natural form of site

Gr

een

Be

lt

Courtyard Interaction space

Human- Animal interaction

Graz ing a rea

Green Belt

Proposed aquifer

Urban Respose OAT

Public Plaza

Public Plaza

6. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM Hierarchy of spaces Inter- Relation between functions Nature of connections SHELTER

DAYCARE THERAPY CENTER

HOSPITAL

ADMIT ANIMAL

DROP ANIMAL

TRAIN ANIMAL

ANIMAL THERAPY

VISITOR/ TOURIST

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S.W.O.T ANALYSIS STRENGTH • Strategic Location with respect to animal shelter requirements.

• Residential and Educational institute in the nearby area.

• Neighbourhood is less dense and site experiences less noise as the road stands.

• Site provides, views, accurate vegetation and fulfils area requirement.

• Site Location covers a larger radius of area of Navi Mumbai.

WEAKNESS • Terrain is not suitable for basement thus parking will be on ground.

• Site is very close to water body and thus will have different micro climate.

• 1/3 of site is currently water clogged as of from creek.

• Access to the site is limited by a 15m road.

• Water treatment plant beside north boundary can cause smell problems.

OPPORTUNITY • The terrain of site is a slight slope, thus making designing easier and cost- effective.

• Availability of water in abundance gives and edge. Rainwater collection will cater to large amount of water need by animals.

• Opportunity for sustainable building is high as exposure to sun and availability of water resource.

• Corner plot helps with better connection to all movements and circulation.

• Site has views to offer for therapy centre which will increase the efficiency of service.

• Site is appointed for commercial use, but it can provide social use as well for betterment of society and animals THREATS • Site lies exactly next to creek and thus can be prone to little flooding once a year unless arrangements made.

• Site can be difficult to reach to other areas as it is in somewhat corner/ isolation.

• Therapy Center maybe not work if people are not willing and aware about services offered.

• The density of pets in the area is presently low due to strict rules in some societies around, which may increase as new projects have been coming up.

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COLLECTIVE INFERENCE PROPOSITION ANALYSIS • To ensure design strategies are in sync with energy reduction, recycling and reusing of resources, sustainable strategy and landscaping.

• To investigate the scope and possibility of architecture and infrastructure as a mediator between human, animals and nature.

RESEARCH ANALYSIS • Animals require a more visible place for habitation in the urban setting as they co-exist and share the same space as humans.

• Architecture can provide a fixed shelter for animals who cannot sustain in their natural habitat due to mentioned reasons.

AREA PROGRAM ANALYSIS • All functions work to serve the progression of the one true concept that is to enhance and resurrect the relationship between Man - Animal - Nature.

• Areas have been redesigned as per the research and analysis of animal behaviour and connection to other animals.

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122

Functional Experience Conceptual Evolution Translation of Philosophy

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EVOLUTION OF DESIGN

The design is based on the concept of Redefining the relationship between humans and animals using environment and architecture as a resource.

The extensive research leads the thesis to it’s endgame, that is the Designing of a viable animal an human friendly structure for them to bond together.

Design is based on three major factors: Form, Accessibility and Interaction.

Form of the buildings help in healing the hurt based on neuro-sensitivity that is healing not only physically but mentally and preparing them to return to the man-world if required.

Design form is guided by natural inspiration and gives back to the site and surroundings.

Buildings are designed majority to serve their desired purpose, keeping in check self sustainability and green environment.

Design evolved as per requirements but majority to create an impact over the surroundings and human mind about The Other Beings living along with us.

It expresses a design initiative to aware the world by forming a visible living space for animal within the human world.

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124

FUNCTIONAL EXPERIENCE / CIRCULATION DESIGN ANIMAL HOSPITAL Isolation Cells

ENTRANCE Administration Reception/ Waiting

Exam Rooms

Pre - Operation Operation Theatre ICU

Staff Area Emergency Area

Observation Cells Recovery ward Radiology

Incernation Room Crematorium

Reception/ Waiting

Record Room

ANIMAL SHELTER ENTRANCE Reception/ Waiting

Shelter

Staff Area

Boarding Area

125

Kennel

Quarantine, Puppy ward, Skin ward, Less mobility ward, General ward

Cattery

Quarantine, General ward

Cow Shed

Barn, Medical area, Food Storage

Horse/ Donkey Barn

Tack room, Washing bay, Food Storage

Pig/ Sheep Barn

Barn, Medical area, Food Storage

Aviary

Aviary/ Cages

Coop

Coop with run

Rabbit Coop

Coop with run

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

ANIMAL TRAINING CENTER ENTRANCE

Administration

Reception/ Waiting

Boarding room

Training ground Training room

Drop off

Pool room Clinic room

ANIMAL DAY-CARE / HOSTEL ENTRANCE Administration Reception/ Waiting

Kennel

Training Area/ Dog park

Cattery

Cat Café

Boarding Grooming/ Spa area

Retail Area Pool area

ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY CENTER

ENTRANCE

Reception/ Waiting

Administration

Riding area

Counselling office

Educational centre Gardening area

Community area

OAT Dog park

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126

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

RESIDENCE FOR STAFF/ DOCTORS

EMERGENCY CARE

INCERNATOR ROOM CEREMONIAL AREA

SHELTER FOR LONG STAY ANIMALS

CREMATION

PRIVATE PARKING

DROP OFF

MAIN PARKING

127

ENTRANCE

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

DOG PARK/ CAT CAFE

PUBLIC ACTIVITY

OPEN AIR THEATRE

CHECK-UP ROOMS AND OBSERVATION

PUBLIC PARK AND AVIARY

TREATMENT AND CHECK UP EDUCATION CENTER ANIMAL/ LEISURE/ EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE

TREATMENT AND RECOVERY ANIMAL TRAINING CENTER

DAYCARE/ HOSTEL AND

ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY

THERAPY

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

COUNSELLING ROOM

GARDENING AND PEACE AREA 128

TRANSLATION OF PHILOSOPHY DEVELOPMENT OF A THERAPEUTIC/ FIND YOUR COMPANION WALK

Entrance

Reception / Waiting

Central Courtyard

RABBIT COOP

Open Air Theatre

CAT CAFE

HORSE STABLE

A.V. Room for briefing.

Central Courtyard

Central Courtyard

Cafe/ Canteen

AVIARY

DOG PARK

VERMICOMPOST

Central Courtyard

For discussions and experience sharing

• As the thesis is based upon number of theoretical and practical occurrences. It should be viewed more as an experience rather than a bunch of built environment for animals only.

• Therapy Center is an experience center for those who would like to take a step ahead and understand the significance of animal and human habitat connection.

• It acts as a vision towards spreading awareness about animal habitation among human surroundings thus differentiating it from wildlife and their habitat.

• You may approach the center for following purposes and thus the circulation will be guided by the purpose: As a Client, As an Animal Enthusiast, As a Tourist for Walk.

The tour is guided by professionals and gives everyone an opportunity to experience their level of companionship with different animals that can be pet.

• The center aims at three major aspects: 1. Awareness of Visible Animal Habitat 2. Helping humans through therapy 3. Encourage adoption and Reduce abandonment, cruelty and harming of animals

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THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

TRANSLATION OF PHILOSOPHY DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN ON SITE

HORSE STABLE AND ARENA

RABBIT COOP OPEN AIR THEATRE

CAT CAFE

ENTRY FOR THERA PY CENT

ER

VERMICOMPOST DOG PARK AVIARY

PAR

KI

NG

CAFE/ PUBLIC RESTAURANT PLAZA

NATURAL POND

THERAPY CENTER/ EXPERIENCE CENTER CIRCULATION AND VOLUME DISTRIBUTION

THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

130

Introduction Site Plan Locational Site Plan Floor Plans Floor Sections/ Floor Elevations Site Sections Technology and Material strategy 3D Views Site Model

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THE OTHER BEINGS - THESIS 2018-19

BIBLIOGRAPHY https://www.google.com/ https://issuu.com/ https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/kharghar_india_8133395 https://animalsake.com/animal-abuse-statistics https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/categories/animal-shelter https://www.animalsasia.org/cn/assets/pdf/1%20Basic%20Management%20Guidelines%20 for%20Dog%20and%20Cat%20Shelters.pdf https://www.sheltervet.org/assets/docs/shelter-standards-oct2011-wforward.pdf https://www.maddiesfund.org/design-for-shelter-animals.htm https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2016/08/what-do-animals-really-think-us https://www.four-paws.org.za/campaigns/farm-animals/life-expectancy/ https://www.crchealth.com/types-of-therapy/what-is-animal-assisted-therapy/ http://futurearchitectureplatform.org/projects/142c61c7-2029-4dd5-a895-d367ae870a83/ http://www.antsoftheprairie.com/?page_id=1589 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40023863_Human-Animal_Bonds_I_The_Relational_ Significance_of_Companion_Animals http://old.iss.it/binary/publ/cont/ANN_11_04_12.pdf http://www.earth-auroville.com/compressed_stabilised_earth_block_en.php https://www.wikihow.com/Produce-Electricity-from-Cow-Dung http://www.homegardendesignplan.com/2017/07/l210-chicken-coop-plans-construction.html https://www.sheltermedicine.com/library/resources/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&site=sheltermedicine&search%5Bslug%5D=facility-design-shelter-animal-housing-and-shelter-population-management https://energypedia.info/wiki/Electricity_Generation_from_Biogas http://vikaspedia.in/energy/energy-production/bio-energy/biogas#section-5 https://www.buildingcentre.co.uk/news/a-zoological-approach-to-architecture-what-animals-can-teach-us-about-architecture https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/research-facilities/animal-research-facility https://www.arch2o.com/architecture-for-animals/ http://www.grandin.com/references/noise.in.animal.shelter.html http://www.tailsinc.com/2012/07/the-shelter-voice-types-of-animal-shelters/

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