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CONCEPTUAL PRACTICE PAGE Chapter 11 The Atomic Nature of Matter Atoms and Atomic Nuclei A10MS
TO CHANGE THE ATOMS OF ONE ELEMENT IN10 THOse Of ANOTHER,
ARE CLASSll=I€D 8)' THEIR
ATOMIC NUM8E~. WHICH 1$ THE SAME AS THE NUM8€R OF IN THE NUCl.EUS.
_
______ HVJ.ST 6E ADDED OR SU6TRACTtC>! ,;.~
Use the periodic table in your text to help you answer the following questions. 1. When the atomic nuclei of hydrogen and lithium are squashed together (nuclear fusion) the element that is produced is
2. When the atomic nuclei of a pair of lithium nuclei are fused, the element produced is
3. When the atomic nuclei of a pair of aluminum nuclei are fused, the element produced is
4. When the nucleus of a nitrogen atom absorbs a proton, the resulting element is
5. What element is produced when a gold nucleus gains a proton? 6. What element is produced when a gold nucleus loses a proton? 7. What element is produced when a uranium nucleus ejects an elementary particle composed of two protons and two neutrons?
8. If a uranium nucleus breaks into two pieces (nuclear fission) and one of the pieces is zirconium (atomic number 40), the other piece is the element I LIKE THE WAY '<OOR ATOMS /Ji£ PUTT06EfHE~!
9. Which has more mass, a nitrogen molecule (N2) or an oxygen molecule (02)?
10. Which has the greater number of atoms, a gram of helium or a gram of neon?
61
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CONCEPTUAL
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PRACTICE PAGE
Chapter 11 The Atomic Nature of Matter Subatomic Particles Three fundamental
, and
particles of the atom are the
which
At the center of each atom lies the atomic _______
and
consists of
. The atomic number refers to
in the nucleus. All atoms of the same element have the same
the number of
hence, the same atomic number.
number of
but a different number of
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of
An isotope is identified by its atomic mass number, which is the total number in the nucleus. A carbon isotope that has
and
of
is identified as carbon-12, where 12 is the atomic
and
6
, on the
and 8
mass number. A carbon isotope having 6 other hand is carbon-14. 1. Complete the following table:
ISOTOPE HVdrogen-1
NUMBER OF PROTONS
ELECTRONS
NEUTRONS
1
Chlorine-36
17
Nitrogen-14 Potassium-40
7 19
Arsenic-75
33
Gold-197
118
2. Which results in a more valuable productadding or sUbtracting protons from gold nuclei?
3. Which has more mass, a lead atom or a uranium atom?
Of every 200 atoms in our bodies, 126 are hydrogen, 51 are oxygen, and just 19 are carbon. In addition to carbon we need iron to manufaCture hemoglobin, cobalt for the creation of vitamin B-12, potassium arid a littie sodium for our nerves, and molybdenum, manganese, and vanadium to keep our enzymes purring. Ah, we'd nothing without atoms!
be
4. Which has a greater number of atoms, a gram of lead or a gram of uranium?
62
Name
Date
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CONCEPTUAL PRACTICE PAGE Chapter 33 Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity Radioactivity COmplete the following statements: 1.a. A lone neutron spontaneously decays into a proton plus an b. Alpha and beta rays are made of streams of particles, whereas gamma rays are streams of
c. An electrically charged atom is called an d. Different of an element are chemically identical but differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. e. Transuranic elements are those beyond atomic number f. If the amount of a certain radioactive sample decreases by half in four weeks, in four more weeks the amount remaining should be the original amount. g. Water from a natural hot spring is warmed by
inside Earth.
2. The gas in the little girl's balloon is made up of former alpha and beta particles produced by radioactive decay. a. If the mixture is electrically neutral, how many more beta particles than alpha particles are in the balloon?
b. Why is your answer to the above not the "same"?
c. Why are the alpha and beta particles no longer harmful to the child?
d. What element does this mixture make?
123
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CONCEPTUAL
PRACTICE PAGE
Chapter 33 Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity Nuclear Reactions Complete these nuclear reactions:
1.2.38
U
-?
92
2.
3.
234 Th. 90
234 ~1
2..10 4.
86
5.
6.
7.
--JI"
R Yl
2~4
91
4-
+
2.
Pa
+ o
-1------
4
+
7-
Me
.......,..
84 •.... 0 ~
P
21.6 84.0-+
8?>
Th
Po ~
216 ()
2.10
234 90
+
+
o -1
e
4H 2:
e
B"l ~ NUCLEAR PHYSICS --. IT'S THE SAME TO ME
WITH THE I=IRST TWO LETTERS INTERCHANGED~
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124
.
Date
Name CONCEPTUAL
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PRACTICE PAGE
Chapter 33 Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity Natural Transmutation Fill in the decay-scheme diagram below, similar to that shown in Figure 33.14 in your textbook, but beginning with U-235 and ending with an isotope of lead. Use the table at the left, and identify each element in the series with its chemical symbol.
Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12
Particle emitted
235
Alpha Beta Alpha Alpha Beta Alpha Alpha Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Stable
I
207
203 81 82. 83
M
8S
86818889
ATOMIC
What is the final-product
isotope?
125
NUM8ER
90
9192