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P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS 0521672600Xc05a.xml CUAT016-EVANS

November 2, 2005

18:21

C H A P T E R

5 Shape and measurement What is Pythagoras’ Theorem? How do we use Pythagoras’ Theorem? How do we find the perimeter of a shape? How do we find the area of a shape? How do we find the volume of a shape? How do we find the surface area of a shape? What is line symmetry? What is rotational symmetry? What does it mean when we say that two figures are similar? What are the tests for similarity for triangles? How do we know whether two solids are similar? What is a tessellation and how is it used in art and design?

5.1

Pythagoras’ Theorem Pythagoras’ Theorem is a relationship connecting the side lengths of a right-angled triangle. In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. The hypotenuse is always the longest side of a right-angled triangle.

Pythagoras’ Theorem Pythagoras’ Theorem states that, for any right-angled triangle, the sum of the areas of the squares of the two shorter sides (a and b) equals the area of the square of the hypotenuse (h). h2 = a 2 + b2

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