Nishant Vishwa
M.S.Arch
SELECTED WORKS
B.Arch
Nishant Vishwa
2008 - 2018
Ph: +91 9899696078
Email: nishantvishwa@gmail.com
University of Cincinnati, OH, USA Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India
401, Tower A, Skytech Matrott, Sector 76, NOIDA, U.P., India
Agra Ring Road: New Developments CITY MASTERPLAN & URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
URBAN PLANNING
2015 - 2016
Agra Ring Road: New Developments The city of Agra assumes global presence in the Indian subcontinent with Taj Mahal as the city centre and strategically connected with Delhi, Jaipur, Gwalior, Aligarh, Kanpur and other urban nuclei of India. Yamuna Expressway has reduced travel time between Agra and Delhi and the city is ready to expand in and around a new Ring Road connecting Taj Expressway, New Agra Ring Road and the newly built Agra - Lucknow Expressway. The quintessential development which is a product of this newly developed connection is an opportunity for the city to have an East - Gate entry to Taj Mahal; which earlier just had a West - Gate entry through the congested old city centre. Making of a new East gateway to the city is under way.
the tourist circuit of DelhiAgra-Jaipur, famously known as the golden triangle. Situated at the banks of river Yamuna on National Highway 2Haryana (NH-2), the city Delhi is known for the world heritage monuments of the Rajasthan Taj Mahal and theAgra Agra fort. Jaipur Historically, Agra Uttar wasPradesh situated on a significant trade route brought to prominence by the Mughals before becoming an important colonial station of the British in Northern India.
hours.
other urban centres in its
proximity. becoming an important before Since 2012, Yamuna Expressway of the colonial station has reduced the travel time between Agra in and Delhi to British Northern India.
Relationship with present road network
NH2 Meerut
Delhi
NH2
NH2
NH2
Mathura Agra
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
Dense city core
NH2
Meerut
Sub-arterial roads
Industrial
Arterial roads
Used and unused greens
Taj expressway
Airport and Cantonment
Agra-Lucknow expressway Outer Ring-road
institutions, a string with Taj overpowering them all, and the railway and Ring bus stations. Proposed Inner
Important monuments
of monuments Varanasi
Commercial centers
Proposed extension of outer ring road
source: Agra Comprehensive Mobility Plan, Sept. 2011; prepared by Urban Mass Transit Company Limited
Road extension Taj Expressway Agra-Lucknow Expressway Railway
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Kanpur Akbar’s Tomb
NH2
Sanjay Place
Allahabad
population . The concept of a "Youth City" puts forth a strong ideation for this masterplan.
Counter magnets like migration from Tier II cities to metropoles, unemployment, lack of higher education facilities, and scarcity of public spaces were addressed. The idea is to create new opportunities for Agra to be able to retain the energy and talent of the youth within the city.
5
NH2
Agra
Collector roads
New & proposed residential
1.2 City & its Urban Centre
Taj Mahal has always been the quintessential centre for Agra city. Due to Taj Mahal’s global prominence, National highway 2 this approximately 18 sq.km. Other national highways city centre is the sole urban Other roads nucleus of Agra city, with a handful of dedicated Inner Ring Road markets, most of them are bazaar streets, few educational
4
Mathura
National highway 2
Medium density residential
Kanpur
Allahabad
Delhi
Site Location
Site Location
Rambagh Chini Ka Rauza
The radial road network of Agra needs to be upgraded to mobility corridor standards. Apart from widening and upgradation of road section for mixed traffic conditions, there are some missing links that need to be completed at 5km radius from city center which can serve as a potential inner loop increasing traffic thorough fare and reduce congestion.
The proposal is an attempt ro reverse these counter magnets and fuel sustainable development of this beautiful city of Taj to be able cater to young
Itmad-ud-daulah
Varanasi
Mahtab Bagh Taj Mahal Taj Ganj Sadar Bazaar
2.1 Site & the city
AGRA
YOUTH CITY MASTERPLAN
Agra Development Authority plans to develop a 1851 acres of land that lies at the juncture of Yamuna and eastern corridor of Agra inner ring road. The site enjoys direct connectivity through the proposed ring road and is around 12 kms from Taj city center. This new connection opens up a new access to Taj. Tourists coming from Delhi Taj expressway can bypass the congested city center and access Taj complex through eastern gate entry. Agra - Lucknow expressway link also lies on this segment.
Site Location: This approximately 1751 acres site enjoys direct connectivity through the proposed Agra Ring Road in the eastern sector of Agra and is around 11.5 kms from the popular urban center of Sanjay Place. It is divided into 2 parcels by Yamuna river; one parcel located on the north bank of 6 Yamuna and the second located on the south bank.
LOCATION Relationship with City Center
The new connection between Kuberpur and Fatehabad road brings about an opportunity to open up a new access to Taj. Tourists coming from Delhi via Yamuna expressway can bypass the congested city center and access Taj complex through an eastern gate entry. Agra-Lucknow Importantexpressway monuments link also Commercial centers lies on this segment.
B
A
E D
KUBERPUR
E
Developments for the 1851 acre land parcel is envisioned to become a new urban center in itself; decentralizing the urban nucleus of the city from essentially a heritage centric core to a new zone focusing on other wise weaker sectors like professional education, employment for youth, entertainment, art an craft and skill development. The new city expansion must revolve around consolidating Agra with a self sustaining landuse.
F
C
14
A
53 mt. wide NH 2
B
100 mt. Expressway/ Outer Ring Road
C
45 mt. wide Fatehabad Road
B
Commercial
D
38 mt. wide Taj Expressway Link
National highway 2
Taj Expressway
Agra-Lucknow Expressway
E
30 mt. wide MG Road
Institutions
Green
Other national highways
Railway
Inner Ring Road
24 mt. wide Fatehabad Road
Monuments
Yamuna
Other roads
1751 acres site
Proposed Inner Ring Road extension
F
should be structured heirarchically; with each unit planned for basic self sufďŹ ciency. The smallest
POPULATION AND DENSITY URDPFI Guidelines
Existing Road Heirarchy NH-2
neighbourhood, community, district, zonal and regional levels.
City roads
Tertiary connections
Expressway
Primary connections
Temporary village roads
Inner ring road
Secondary connections
Dhaurra
The proposal was ascertained to serve around 2,00,000 people. The density was calculated according to Ministry of Hosuing and Urban Affairs URDPFI Guidelines.
Kuberpur
The 1851 acre parcel was divided into equal area sectors and neighborhood, community and district level commercial and convenience facilities were laid out. Budhana Mustkil
Density for such a big parcel of land was also understood by way of looking at other model cities like Jaipur, Chandigarh, Barcelona, Adelaide etc.
Etmadpur Madra
2.7 Case Studies
Understanding scale & city grids from diverse examples To understand the scale of the site and ďŹ nd relevant grid dimensions we studied other planned cities and their grids. Satellite images of these cities were superimposed onto the site.
UNDERSTANDING SCALE Barcelona
Chandigarh
source: Google Earth (edited)
source: Google Earth (edited)
Hingot Kheria Mahua Khera
150 100
Ikthara
N
600
33
300
23 N
CHANDIGARH
Chandigarh city fabric
Jaipur
N
N
|
Chandigarh grid superimposed
source: Google Earth (edited) 26
N
2.6 Heirarchy of urban centres according to URDPFI guidelines
BARCELONA
Barcelona city fabric Adelaide
Barcelona city grid superimposed source: Google Earth (edited)
27
3
Potential urban nodes
Plotting axes from the city center
N
Jaipur city fabric
N
N
JAIPUR
|
Adelaide city fabric
Jaipur city grid superimposed
28
29
N
ADELAIDE
Adelaide city grid superimposed
PLOTTING THE GRID AFFINITY TO CITY CENTER - TAJ GANJ The development parcel was seen in context to the existing city center of Taj. Plausible civic decisions were anticipated as to how the city will be consolidated within a 5-10 kms radius of Taj Ganj.
N 150 100
600 300
37
A radial city grid was plotted emanating from Taj and extrapolated and superimposed with existing roads leading to the eastern corridor site. Vital nodes and junctions appeared that would hence become suburban centres in the 1851 acres of development.
District Center
Community Center
Neighbourhood Center
Housing Cluster Center
25
source: Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation & Implement 2014, Volume - I, 8.1 Heirarchy of Urban Development, Chapter - 8 Infrastructure Planning
6
7
SYNTHESIS OF MASTERPLAN
10
DELIBERATIONS WITH THE CITY
Institutional developments and varied housing typologies were the center of focus for this new Youth City of Agra. Golf course residences, row housing, highrise high-end and commercial housing, educational institution campuses made the quintessential mainstay of the city scheme. New functions added to overall strengthen Agra city were a sports city in the northern parcel, and logistics like bus station and transport nagar in the southern parcel. It was attempted to make the program for this new development holistic in terms of ingredients like an art an cultural hub, art and craft district, exposition centres, downtown facilties near the riverfront, modern road network and mobility planning. In a nutshell, owing to the its proximity to national mobility corridors of tourism and business a self sustaining satellite town with affinity and attributive characters to the existing city centre is planned where the existing and future millenial generation of citizens will have plenty of opportunities to give the city of Taj a chance to become a nurturing haven for generations to come. This Youth City masterplan becomes a peculiar case of a progressive Transit Oriented Development (TOD) proposal for a South Asian setting.
150 100
600
150
300
100
600 300
42
N
45
150 100
D
D
e
i
l h
600
fro
WAY
ONAL
12
l h
300
NATI
11
e
15
2
WAY
HIGH
from
Del
ONAL
NATI
hi
i
from
Del
hi
t
47
150 100
600 300
150 100
600 300
50
f r om o u t e r
b
b
u
&
&
f r om o u t e r
g r in
r
d oa
L
a
a
46
g r in
r
d oa
ss
ss
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yp 600 300
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m
2
t
150 100
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fro
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o
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w
kno
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m
yp
41
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om f r
om f r
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c
k
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w NORTH
k
n
Landuse Program
AGRA: CONCEPTUAL YOUTH CITY MASTERPLAN
58
Residential
26%
Institutional
10%
IT Parks
6%
Sports
3%
Residential
Commercial
26%
4%
Institutional
Open space
10%
21%
IT Parks
Exposition
6%
4%
Sports
3%
Logistics
2%
Commercial
4%
Roads & circulation
24%
Open space
21%
Exposition
4%
Logistics
2%
Roads & circulation
24%
150 100
600
N
Landuse Program
300
5
58
N
AGRA
TAJ GANJ REDEVELOPMENT
Taj Mahal is the focus of tourism in India and northern India. A Mughal masterpiece with its laurels all around the world. It sits on the crest of a congested old settlement of Taj Ganj which has its own loosely knitted grid patterns of narrow bylanes, market streets and dense fabric of houses which are in some way or the other dedicated and dependent for their livelihoods on Taj and its precinct.
entire stretch. Architectural interventions like Interpretation Centre, Museum, car parking, street furniture were the components of the scheme. Another segment dealt with an entirely new city banding strategy for Agra city world famous for the wonder of Taj Mahal.
TAJ GANJ URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
Agra Development Authority (ADA) proposed new architectural interventions on either side of Taj Mahal along the East Gate and West Gate roads and a whole streetscaping proposal for the
Taj Interpretation Centre was proposed that would throw light on historicity and the legacy of the Mughal era during which Shahjahan and the conditions under which he got Taj Mahal constructed. The relation of Agra as a seat of the Mughals with the then other centres of power like Calcutta, Lucknow, Allahabad and eventually Delhi. Another facility was the Mughal Museum which
would exhibit and elaborate upon the timeline of Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent. Not merely famous for their magnanimous and collossal monuments; but India which largely is a Hindu nation owes a lot to the Mughal legacy pertaining to her sensibilities, welcoming nature, warmth, food, art, culture, clothing and much more. Archohm, a architectural and urban design practice in NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh undertook this project for ADA in 2014. The complete City Branding and Streetscaping scheme is elaborated further which infuses in itself the true essence of Agra, Taj and the Mughal rule.
ZONE 01- EAST GATE ROAD ZONE 02- FATEHABAD ROAD ZONE 03- WEST GATE TO PARKING ZONE 0404 WG PARKING TO VJB CHOWK ZONE 05- WEST GATE TO MANDI GATE ZONE 06- TAJ GANJ KATRAS
MASTERPLAN
ZONE 07- SLUM AREA
TAJ GANJ
The entire highlighted stretch of roads have been poposed for streetscaping. Largely they have been prescribed for pedestrianization with only non motorized vehicles (NMV's) allowed to ply in the monument's precinct. The whole idea lies on the fact that approach roads to Taj Mahal needed to be of world class stature and adequate infrastructure and yet be able to retain the indigenous genius loci of time and era it belonged to. Apart from the physical appearance of the precinct, Agra as the home of this wonder of the world and a everyday host to hundreds and thousands of tourists from all around the world needed a fresh ring of imageability. Something that can be reiterated as a brand and can house the minds of people visiting Agra. Infrastructure and facilities like the interpretation centre and the Mughal Museum would accentuate the importance of this monument and propagate a detailed narrative of this historical marvel and era. To make the whole experience of the visit to this precinct a comfortable and delightful one, urban design features like street furniture including benches, signages, lamp posts, landscaped grass and shrub beds, bollards etc. were integral to the scheme which in turn made the entire neighborhood walkable.
West Gate Parking
Toilet Block Locations
Cart Shelter Locations
Proposed Site for Visitors Centre
Cart Shelter Locations
developed which disseminated knowledge about the precinct very similar to how QR Codes work. Interpretations and meanings of The old streets and by-lanes (katras) got a welcoming makeover. Proposed Masterscriptures Plan in and around the monument, infographics explaining Parking facilties could manage for the reconfiguration and pitthe Taj Mahal precinct and its history was made available to the stop for the vehicles and reduce congestion. Archohm partnered public through this smart phone mobile app. with world class architects like David Chipperfield for the Mughal Museum. Festival invites, posters, tickets, t-shirts, advertisements on bus stops, postcards, souvenirs were branded with the city logo and Streets were proposed to be laid down with red cobble stone. Red this city branding program was implemented in association with sandstone, red pavers, with marble inlays were used to bring back the Uttar Pradesh Govt. and Uttar Pradesh Tourism. the essence of materials that the Mughals used. Elements like signages and street lamps were given a uniform identity of a brand A team of architects and designers were responsible for research logo which was taken forward into merchandize and sculptures and development of ideas for the city and implemented there on for the Taj Mahotsav. In addition to this a phone application was
Proposed Site for Taj Orientation Centre
Proposed Site for Mughal Museum
as architectural, urban design and infographics through out the cityscape. One of the essential objectives of this revelopment project was to revitalize belongingness and upliftment image quotient of Taj Ganj precinct amongst local residents and adjaent slum dwellers. The refurbished district opened up improved avenues of business and employment under the light of this almost perennial tourism district experiencing heavy footfall at all times of the year. The program of Taj Ganj redevelopment project indeed is a paradigmatic fusion of art, architecture, graphic design, history and event management bringing together stories of this art and heritage district all at one place .
City Branding: Agra CITY BRANDING AND SIGNAGES IN ASSOCIATION WITH MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND U.P. TOURISM
BRANDING/ COMMUNICATIONS/ DESIGN THINKING
2015 - 2016
City Branding City branding being a new concept in India, our design team in collaboration with Fabrique, a dutch design firm did for Agra. The exercise included a research on finding the essence of the city, creating an identity that could become a medium to convey multiple messages. Role in the project : I was the part of graphics team along with research team. Working with the art director deciding the wordmark in Hindi, english and urdu and making it of a same family in multiple workshops, brainstorming sessions for identity and its values. Further working on the brand manual, Typeface in all three languages.It continued with the Taj mahotsav tickets to posters. The main idea was to make identity visible to the city. City branding is a new concept in India. Our design team collaborated with FABRIQUE; a Dutch design firm to conceptualize a new image and identity for the city of Agra. Extensive research was conducted to find the essence of the city to create an identity that would become a medium to convey multiple messages. A "wordmark" in Hindi, English and Urdu was developed. Several workshop sessions were invested to make the visual appearance of these wordmarks from the same family. Eventually, a brand manual for Agra city was created with a same typeface in all three languages. This branded visual image of Agra was continued into the festival of Taj Mahotsav for posters, festival tickets, sculptures, t-shirts, phone apps etc.
In a country like india, submerged in centuries of historical and cultural layering, it becomes a challenge to brand its cities, particularly heritage cities, like agra. Branding a city is all about understanding what a city is, of finding that one unifying idea that best articulates what it stands for and provides an instantaneous congnitive association. it's not just about a logo or slogan; it is a voice of the people, culture, personality and vision. In a country like India; submerged in centuries of historical and cultural layering, it becomes a challenge to brand its cities. Particularly heritage cities like Agra. Branding a city means to understand what a city is all about. Finding that one unifying idea that best articulates what is stands for and provides an instantaneous cognitive association. It is not just about a logo or slogan; it is a voice of the people, culture, personality and vision.
Explorations
Explorations explorations
Inauguration
Inaugration
it all stars with an a the first letter of the english alphabet the sign of a winner, the best student n a class the letter itformed by two edge poles, all starts with an "a" the first letter of the alphabet, supportingenglish a bridge. the sign of a winner, the first and the last letter of the word agra, the best student in a class, the thus letter formed by two edgeand poles the beginning supporting a bridge. the end story of agra. the first andof thethe last epic letter of the word agra, thus the beginning and the end of the epic story of agra.
stamp
Applications
Applications
. ut eternal love a story abo ies about The Taj tells lot more: stor ectations Agra tells a re plans, exp industry, futu ut the craft of marble abo e es mad and more, ut leather sho there is workers, abo . But knowledge with love and n ingredient: love. We always a mai Agra not only with d want to buil but with love romance,
COLOR
Event Organisation
Event Orgination
A FESTIVAL OF ART, CRAFT, CULTURE & CUISINE
TAJ MAHOTSAV Hum ek sanskriti anek
MUKTAKASHI MANCH, SHILPGRAM, AGRA
Mohit Chauhan
Palash Sen
All India Mushaira
Yuvak Biradari
Qawwali
Bollywood Star Night 18 February 2016
Euphoria 19 February 2016
Meer-O-Ghalib 20 February 2016
Punya Teerth Bharat (Ballet) 21 February 2016
22 February 2016
All India Kavi Sammelan
Hariharan
Shreya Ghoshal Bollywood Star Night 25 February 2016
Raju Shrivastav, Raja Rancho & VIP
Sunidhi Chauhan
Ghazal Night 24 February 2016
Soor & Nazeer 23 February 2016
Bollywood Star Night 27 February 2016
Comedy Night 26 February 2016
SADAR BAZAR, AGRA
SOOR SADAN AUDITORIUM,AGRA
AGRA COLLEGE, AGRA
Cultural Programmes
Folk & Drama
Cultural programmes
19 - 27 February 2016
18 - 27 February 2016
20 February 2016
QUEEN EMPRESS MARRY LIBRARY, AGRA
ANOOP TALAO ,FATEHPUR SIKRI
Festival of Art and Cultural | Braj Region
Mohan Veena, Guitar & Sitar Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt & group
20 - 21 February 2016
22 February 2016
PALIWAL PARK, AGRA
GANDHI SMARAK, AGRA
Concert in the Park
Sharma Bandhu | Bhajan
23 - 24 February 2016
23 February 2016
NOORJAHAN AUDITORIUM, AGRA Seminar
FESTIVAL Today is a new beginning. Together we will make history in Agra, yet again.
| Agra Beyond Taj 24 February 2016
Today is a new beginning. We launch the Agra city branding, to create one clear vision of the city. A city that is famous for an iconic world wonder, but has a lot more to offer: traditional handicrafts, striking examples of Mughal architecture like Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri, parks, festivals and business facilities. Supported by: District Administration, Agra | Police Administration, Agra | Agra Development Authority | Nagar Nigam, Agra | Cantonment Board, Agra | Dev. Commr. (Handloom), Govt. of India | D.I.C., Agra Organized by: Taj Mahotsav Samiti | 64, Taj Road, Agra-282001 | Ph: + 91 562 2226431, 2233056 | Fax: +91 562 2226431 | E mail: info@tajmahotsav.org / agrauptourism@gmail.com | tajmahotsav.org | uptourism.gov.in
Amazing Heritage Grand Experiences
UTTAR PRADESH GOVERNMENT
UTTAR PRADESH TOURISM
Signages
Signages
Key Plan
Key planCONDITIONS EXISTING
TAJ GANJ
STREETSCAPING
TAJ GANJ
RED GRANITE COBBLES + RED AGRA STONE
Key plan
Flooring Pattern
CARRIAGE WAY
PEDESTRIAN PATH
CYCLE TRACK
B
A
B
A
Proposed Plan: East Gate Stretch Proposed Plan – East Gate Stretch
Proposed view
Section BB'
Section BB Section BB
Day and Night Renditions Proposed Road Widening and Street Sections
Proposed view
Proposed Sections – East Gate Stretch
Section AA' Proposed Sections – East Gate Stretch Proposed Sections: East Gate Stretch
Section AA Section AA
Previous Proposal Previous Proposal Previous Proposal
Archohm Proposal Archohm Proposal Archohm Proposal
CYCLE TRACK
CARRIAGE WAY
PEDESTRIAN PATH
Key yp plan
Proposed Plan – East Gate 0 – 150 M Stretch
•Leveling Leveling of road sections – Carriage way and footpath at same level buffered by planters
and bollard Levelling•Leveling of Road Sections: Carriage and footpath at same level buffered planters •Leveling Leveling road sections–way –Carriage Carriage wayand and footpath at same level buffered Leveling of of road sections way footpath sameby level bufferedby byplanters planters New Proposals and bollard and bollard
Proposed Plan: East Gate Stretch (0-150 mts.)
New Proposals New Proposals
Section AA' Proposed Sections: East Gate Stretch (0-150 mts.)
Section BB'
Proposed Sections – East Gate 0 - 150 M STRE
STREET FURNITURE Existing Existing
TAJ GANJ
Proposed Proposed
Red granite cobble stone on the carriage way | Sandstone bollards with floor flush light fittings | Agra logo stone signage
•with Red •Granite Red Granite Cobble Cobble stone stone theon carriage the carriage way way marble inlay, jaali, and lamps on
Cart Shelters
Cart Cart Shelters Shelters
New Proposals New Proposals
Seating & signage
Lamp Post
LampLamp post post
Seating & signage
Seating
Signage
REFURBISHING TRAFFIC ISLANDS
Existing conditions TAJ GANJ
Kutta Park
Kutta Park
Key plan
Key Plan
Key plan
Existing Conditions – Kutta Park
REFURBISHING TRAFFIC ISLANDS
TAJ GANJ
Ground Floor Plan
Terrace Floor Plan
Kutta Park
Key plan
Ground Floor Ground Plan Floor Ground Floor PlanPlan
Key Plan
Terrace Floor Terrace Plan Floor Plan Terrace Floor Plan
Schematic Section
Pavilion Option 01 Park Pavilion Proposal Kutta
Existing Conditions – Kutta Park
Kutta Park Kutta Pavilion ParkProposal Pavilion Proposal
Section
Section
Pavilion Option 01 Pavilion Option 01
Pavilion Option p 02
Kutta Park Pavilion Proposal
Rendition: Option 1
Pavilion Option p 02
Pavilion Option p 02
Rendition: Option 2
Section
GANGA KINARE COFFEE TABLE BOOK
WRITING / PUBLICATION
2017
GANGA KINARE a n
e d g e
o f
u r b a n
m a n i f e s t a t i o n
AMITY UNIVERSITY 2017 AMITY
SCHOOL
OF
ARCHITECTURE
AND
PLANNING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to take this opportunity to thank our Patron in Chief, Dr. Ashok K Chauhan, Founder President RBEF, the ever-evolving spirit that guides our ‘mansha’- intensions, for any initiative. We extend deep gratitude to our Chief Patron Dr. Atul Chauhan, Chancellor, AUUP and President, RBEF and Patron Dr. Balvinder Shukla, Vice-Chancellor, AUUP, who have provided us with this platform to perform, and supported us on every step throughout the project. We thank Dr. D.P. Singh, Director, Amity School of Architecture and Planning (ASAP), who has been our guide and mentor to imbibe the culture of ‘quest’ in the institution. He has conceptualized and lead this project with astute attention so that ‘Ganga Kinare’ project and its findings become a database of documentation of the most important and revered river of the world. We extend our admiration and acknowledgement to all the teachers, who were part of this project and have been the pathfinders to complex queries and shown immense diligence during coordination of this river project. We also thank for the support of the administration and staff members of the institute and the university, that helped the project to materialize in its present form. Finally, we feel elated to cheer for the heroes of the project, the forerunners; our students who are the strength of this institution. Their meticulous planning, efforts and dedication to conduct this study has brought fruition to this project. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of the people throughout history, who have contributed to keep the spirit of ‘Ganga’ alive. We thank all the stakeholders, urban local bodies, municipal departments, waterwork departments, central and state government bodies in these nine cities for supporting the documentation of the project.
TEAM GANGA KINARE
Amity School of Architecture and Planning Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
FOREWORD This book takes us through the stages in development of the spirit, of Consciousness, Self-consciousness, Reason, and Spirit. The spirit of ‘Ganga’. This spirit leads us to a point where religion based, not on fact but on religious experience, takes over. The built environment at the physical edge of Ganga personifies this spirit from its origination to the destination, interweaving the memories of evolution of culture and civilization. The spirit of Ganga is inexorably a dynamic process, that sculpted human settlements time and again along its edges. It established itself as the etymon of diverse histories, culture, society, economics, behavior, and interpretations associated with the river and carves the space for dialectics evident in narratives, annals and anthologies. Ganga, ‘a life’ is a journey of evolution and co-evolution departing the Himalayan foothills at Rishikesh to unite the ocean beyond Kolkata. This 2500 km of travel is a tale of ‘life holding the life’, and ‘spirit holding the manifestations’. Over thousands of years, contextual urbanization originated as one of the domain of these manifestations. This work is a quest to understand this manifestation along the banks (Kinare) of Ganga, titled as “Ganga Kinare: An edge of urban manifestation” Ganga.......a melody of analysis, action, exchange, journey, potential, tendencies, attachment, secret, divinity, form, proprietorship, diversity, devotion, despair and summary…... leading to liberation… ...”mokshadayini”. i
ii
GANGA KINARE
GANGA KINARE Contents Foreword
..................................ii
Lifeline
.................................vi
Concept ................................vii Introduction
..................................x
Rishikesh ..................................1 Haridwar ................................15 Kanpur ................................37 Allahabad ................................55 Varanasi ................................71 Patna
................................85
Bhagalpur
..............................101
Chandannagar
..............................115
Kolkata ..............................125 Acknowledgements ..............................141
iii
iv
LIFELINE One among the seven major creases of Ganga, rises from the crown of the Himalayas making its way toward the east and down south through the Gangetic plains into the Bay of Bengal. This crease streams along expressing a diverse flux much like the diversity witnessed in our multi-cultural cities of North-Eastern India. In Haridwar and Varanasi, the Ganga's sacred personification as the Goddess Ganga is believed to have the power of remission of sins and attain Moksha whereas, in Kolkata and Chandannagar the river takes up the duties of the people with a modern twist. With the bliss of gushing waters from highlands of Rishikesh, tourism and water sports emerged whilst the seasonally abandoned riverfronts of Allahabad exclaim its temporary visitors at the Kumbh Mela. The impact of gradual industrialization along the crease lays like a backyard to the river at Kanpur and Patna. While the city of Bhagalpur proclaims its title of the Silk City and climbing shoulders to convert into a smart city. Being the node of development in all the nine cases, Mother Ganga serves as a lifeline to our cities of north eastern India. The explicity of our lifeline was not only appreciated by us but also by foreign invaders from the West. Through the thick and thin, the river served her masters to its maximum potential and continues to do so. Today, cities have challenged Ganga to withstand unbearable tasks which impacts the effective relationship of river and the city. It is about time to spread awareness on the declining power of the river to its people as the People are the only hope of her rejuvenation.
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GANGA KINARE With an agenda of investigation, exploration and research based learning, our school of architecture with 300 students and 28 faculties spread to various arms of the mother river-Ganga. All uniquely incredible stories, told in-distinct manner have been portrayed from the eyes of aspiring architects. The changing nature of riverfronts in various cities and bond between the people to this mighty waterbody is stronger on some edges as compared to others. Ganga, this evolution of her story is documented in terms of her influence on the edge as well as the edge’s influence on the river by analyzing the activities taking place at her edge and the nature of settlements unique to the city.
One pulls up his fishing boat abank to make a living of what he caught by dawn, and the other counts his earnings at the ferry counter. While one holds the river on a holy pedestal, The other has turned his backs on her To face the imminent hijcking of industrialization. While one dips at the bank of the holy, one’s choir of the weeks laundry is completed. The river narrated its stories to all those who pay a heed. Some powerful with belief and some barely remembered, On one, the hassle created among the people, One among the loud traffic, and another among the calm of silence. Spite of all the differentiation on the physical aspect, The river narrated it’s stories to all those who pay a heed.
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INTRODUCTION Rivers have been ubiquitously an inception for human settlements, nurturing them through food security, and livelihoods. Ganges plain spread over 255 million hectare of area, has spurred human settlements belonging to people from different culture, sect, and ideologies for over thousands of years. Originating in the state of Uttarakhand, meandering its way through serene landscape, flowing through densely populated northern plain and taking its final dip in the Bay of Bengal via West Bengal, it encounters radical geographical changes. The course undergoes constant change in its meaning in every city as well, when juxtaposed with city’s own identity, socio-economic activities, cultural and historical values. These variables have given unmatched distinct architectural character to all cities edging the river Ganga. With this observation Amity School of Architecture and Planning (ASAP) has initiated a research based project - Ganga kinare to explore the urban transformation of the most important urban centers located along River Ganga. The project encompasses the documentation of the city-river interface at 9 selected locations, viz. Rishikesh, Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Bhagalpur, Kolkata and Chandannagar and subsequently, a critical analysis of the influence of Ganga on their urban morphology. The project envisaged to capture the variable manifestations of the built environment against one constant component – the Holy Ganga, the symbol of purity.
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Rishikesh
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Rishikesh 409m Rishikesh lies at the toe of Himalayas where river Ganga leaves Shivalik Hills to finally enter the northern plains. The cultural landscape of this densely sprouted town is essentially a place of rumination that sits amidst serene and meditative geographical features. A gateway to the Garhwal region, Rishikesh originated from Bharat Mandir in around 748 A.D., is now a ‘Yoga Capital of the World' and host to many ashrams and ayurvedic institutes located on the bank of Ganga. Parmarth Niketan in the picture is the largest ashram hosting pilgrims coming from all corners of the world providing serene and peaceful environment to meditate. The horizontal spread of this saffron colored Niketan, timid in its elevation tries to camouflage with the surroundings yet marks a contrast to the rich geographical landscape by its architectural language inspired from Indian Temple architecture.
right: Parmarth Ashram, Bhootnath Temple and their ghats on other side of Ganga across Muni Ki Reti and Rishikesh city
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409m
TAPOVAN
MUNI KI RETI
RISHIKESH
left: Present day settlement fabric of Rishikesh City right: Evolution of Rishikesh City and its environs top: Lakshman Jhula connecting two sides of the river at Muni Ki Reti
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Marked by the footprints of Lord Ram, Lakshman, Bharat, and Bhaghirath, in different areas, the town has evolved in three different parts: Tapovan, Muni ki Reti, Rishikesh City. The sprouted nature of the town gave birth to connections known as Lakshman Jhula and Ram Jhula, bridging the banks, thus encouraging growth on both sides of the town.
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Land of penance and natural beauty 409m Once a land of penance for Lord Ram prior to his contesting journey to Lanka, Rishikesh is now a land of spirituality and religious importance. Majestic steps of ghats here overlook the grand physical landscape, touching a less polluted and pious waters of Ganga provide the right setup and sanctity to the user to meditate. The entire spread of natural beauty and the settlements at these foothills are gestalt than any architectural scale and human perception. Potential enough to inspire and impress. It is the town of mediation and self-flagellation where one comes to ‘re’ search oneself reassuring the power within and drawing it from this subtle yet strong river valley.
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left: A priest in meditation at the steps of Triveni Ghat
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409m
The entire spread of natural beauty and the settlements at these foothills are gestalt than any architectural scale and human perception. Potential enough to inspire and impress, it is the town of meditation and self flagellation where one comes to "re" search oneself reassuring the power within and drawing it from this subtle yet strong river valley.
above: Mapping activities Muna Ki Reti
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left: Skyline along Muni Ki Reti with ghats at Ram Jhula and Swarg Ashram creating an expansive riverfront
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409m
The entire spread of natural beauty and the settlements at these foothills are gestalt than any architectural scale and human perception. Potential enough to inspire and impress, it is the town of meditation and self flagellation where one comes to "re" search oneself reassuring the power within and drawing it from this subtle yet strong river valley.
above: Mapping activities Tapovan
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right: Skyline along Tapovan with ghats at Laxman Jhula and Trayambakeshwar temple
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A performative landscape 409m Ganga Aarti; a way of treating this mighty river course as a personified goddess. 'Ganga Maiya'; mother Ganga who gifted lives to civilizations of north India. Aarti performed just a few steps away from the river becomes a gesture of connection and respect. It is noteworthy that the quality of water in Rishikesh allows such a close encounter with this water deity.
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left: Evening Ganga Aarti
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Haridwar
Haridwar Ganga quenches the Indo-Gangetic plains of north India for the first time in Haridwar. Rishikesh and Haridwar are such centers of Hinduism where people from all over the world come searching for a utopian faith and inquiry, and if such dimension of a super power greater than all of us really exists.
314m
Unlike Rishikesh, Haridwar provides larger flat lands and flood plains for the river coming down from the hills to gush through and settle around plethora of religious activities in this old congested town. The canal branching out of the river at the very beginning of the town mimics the essence of river which can be seen at Har ki Pauri. Orange bridges floating in the air connecting island in the center and ghats at two opposite sides of the canal magnifies the importance and grandness of the ghats. They facilitate hundreds of people in masses to travel from different ghats to Har ki pauri to take holy dip and wash out their sins. Malviya dweep along with other temples would form a skyline which is an expression of Hindu temple architecture creating an aura of religious importance.
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left: Har Ki Paurighat edging the canal framed with a skyline of temples and malviyadwip and orange colored bridges connecting the highway to ghats.
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314m
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right: Famous Ganga Mandir at Har Ki Pauri
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Skyline of Har ki Pauri framed by religious structures is a narrative and expression of Hindus’ strong belief in their religion. The half constructed, unfinished temple is another example of people’s strong faith in
religion. Although unfinished and disputed it clearly shows the people's expression and continued urge to connect to a supreme power.
314m
left: Prachin Shri Lakshmi Narayan Temple at Brahmakund
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left: the urban fabric of Haridwar city below: major road networks and landmarks of Haridwar
314m
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LOCAL ROAD (18 m)
RAILWAY LINE
COLLECTOR ROAD (9 m)
AUTO SAND
ARTERIAL ROAD (5 m)
JUNCTION
PEDESTRIAN
RAILWAY STATION
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314m
left: Asthi Pravah Ghat
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Upper Road - the mainstreet
right: Evening aarti scene at Har ki Pauri
Upper road; the main street that connects the ghat area to new Haridwar city is a commercial street accommodating banks, hotels, and multi cuisine food joints can be located. This street is the commercial hub for the city and outsiders coming 314m with various motives mainly for the holy dip and flow the ashes at Asthipravah. During morning and evening aarti time, the road witnesses traffic congestion caused by people and vehicles moving towards Har ki Pauri. The main bazaar road is the immediate parallel road to the ghat area which caters to local market of the city. The encroachments of shops, and traffic congestion are major contributors in reducing right of way of the road.
Circulation 6:00 am - 10:00 am
Circulation 5:00 pm - 9:00 pm
12:00 pm - 4:00 pm
HIGH
LOW
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After 10:00 pm
HIGH
left & above: Circulation analysis of peripheral roads
LOW
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314m
THE MAINSTREET
Street Elevations of Upper Road
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Har Ki Pauri
Bridges take you from here and there; such is the scape of this town of Haridwar. Places of significance sprouted here and there due to mythical connotations with the larger cults. At the end all roads lead to Har Ki Pauri. All roads lead to God. All roads lead to the quintessential event of faith.
314m
left: Activity mapping at Har Ki Pauri morning and afternoon right: Activity mapping at Har Ki Pauri evening
Morning
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Afternoon
Activity Mapping
PRIEST PEDESTRIANS TEMPORARY VENDOR PERMANENT VENDOR
Evening
PRIEST PEDESTRIANS TEMPORARY VENDOR PERMANENT VENDOR
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314m
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right: View of Ghat area of Haridwar from Mansa Devi Mandir overlooking Ganga river and canal
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314m
Haridwar considered one of the God’s own city where people come for salvation has observed increasing pressure of floating population due to its religious importance. This significance of city has introduced multiple connections in the form of bridges weaving different parts of the city together. The cultural landscape framed by bridges and ghats accessed only by pedestrians magnifies the importance and sanctity of Hindu culture and religion, thus creating memory of place and a place of memory.
right: Bridges connecting different parts of religious areas of Haridwar city. opposite: Haridwar riverfront; a marketplace
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PROJECT BID
AMRUT SEWER CONNECTION EOI FOR INFORMATION, EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION [IEC] PROJECT TOWARDS GOVT. RFP TO CONNECT 40,000 HOUSEHOLDS TO CITY SEWER NETWORK IN LUCKNOW AND FIROZABAD DISTRICTS IN U.P., INDIA
NGO/ WASH/ SWM/ SOCIAL INNOVATION/ PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2017 - 2019
ASAP
ASAP
AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING, SECTOR 125, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH
ASAP
AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING Under the pledged leadership and visionary guidance of Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan, Amity School of Architecture and Planning (ASAP) was established at the Amity University, Sector 125, NOIDA, U.P. campus in India in 2005. Completing a decade of nurturing education in Architecture, Planning and Interior Design, ASAP boasts of contributing more than 5000 trained professionals to the faculty of built environment. We are a recognized institute by the Council of Architecture (COA) and Institute of Town Planners, India (ITPI) and offers full time programs in architecture and planning. ASAP is equipped with state of the art infrastructure and a progressive curriculum framework that emulates, or rather reproduces itself with the changing trends in art, architecture, technology and contemporary discourses. Recognition and Accreditations: Amity University is accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with the highest 'A' Grade. Amity University is also a member of The Association of Indian Universities (AIU), International Association of Universities (IAU), Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU).
some initiatives by our students
,
,
Relevant Experience for Proposed Assignment
KANPUR RIVERFRONT This project was to initiate a river centric urban planning process to facilitate better citizen connects, through interventions at Ghats and River fronts.
Ganga Riverfront Development
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"School intended to document 9 different cities along the Ganga River Front across its entire stretch in India based on predefined parameters, selected to present a holistic picture of the city and river front and various layers essential to understand the interface between them."
VARANASI RIVERFRONT The study tour aimed to sensitize and expose the participants to the changing perceptions towards river Ganga across different geographical locations in the country and the influence that the same has had on the evolution of the city and development of architecture therein.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Relevant Experience for Proposed Assignment Yamuna Riverfront Development
,
,
"School intended to understand zone 4 of Yamuna RIverfront through set parameters coming across holistic understanding through different observations and analysis which were applied in riverfront development proposal.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Relevant Experience for Proposed Assignment
, Aao Saath Chalein
,
Varanasi,U.P Dr. Ekta Singh, Professor and Ar. Surbhi Pandit, Asst. Professor at Amity School of Architecture and Planning distributing prizes after conducting a social responsibility session with squatter colonies along Ganga in Varanasi, June 2017, spreading awareness on cleanliness in communities and keeping river Ganga clean.
, Nukkad Natak
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Kanpur,U.P Ar. Sagarika Nayak, Asst. Professor and Ar. Preeti Rani, Asst. Professor along with students of Amity School of Architecture and Planning conducted a social responsibility session with squatter colonies along Ganga in Kanpur, June 2017, spreading awareness on keeping river Ganga clean.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
ALLAHABAD
, Letting them
,
draw.....
, Show them their Ganga..... , ,Letting them play.....
,
After all they are our own.....
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
,
,
KANPUR
, Taking the pledge
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, Demonstrating ethics , , Meeting the community
, Thaali bajao
,
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
,
VARANASI
, All classes.....
all genders..... all age groups.....
, All for one..... one for all.....
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PATNA
, Meeting the authorities
, Letting them know what we think , Amity School of Architecture and Planning
,
,
Relevant Experience for Proposed Assignment
HUMAN VALUES Personal & Professional Excellence
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,
Chai Pe Charcha
Community Participation & Stakeholder Consultation "Chair Pe Charcha" was organised in Noida by students of Amity School of Architecture and Planning which aimed group discussion activity on liveable cities and sustainable communities targeting local residents and visitors.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Relevant Experience for Proposed Assignment
TULIPS - TRANSFORMING UNDERDEVELOPED LAND IN PUBLIC SPACES
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" Transformed an underutilized site in Sector 110, NOIDA located next to a market and an Economically Weaker Section (EWS) housing society. The vandalized and underutilized site was converted to a play area for the kids residing in EWS. The inititiative came to fruition because of community participation and low-cost design strategies. Work commenced with the cleaning and levelling of the site by Amity Students. Further, swings, kiosks, gathering places, and shelters were designed and installed with the help of the local community. "
making sustainable environments
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In process.....
Low cost swings
Levelling of the site
Sitting places
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Sector 110 NOIDA
Pathways Amity School of Architecture and Planning
site area: 0.38 acres
Landscaping
design synthesis
communication strategies
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
implementation
Relevant Experience for Proposed Assignment
Annual NASA Design Competition: Community Driven Rehabilitation of Urban Spaces
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" A significantly neglected, encroached and otherwise used for garbage disposal, this centrally located park in the commercial locality of Lajpat Nagar, Delhi was transformed into a redressed and healthy community gathering place. It readily acted as a lung breather space designed through sustainable solutions. Recycled waste like banboo, waste plastic bottles, discarded auto-rickshaw bodies were innovatively put to use to make interesting, clean, familiar and healthy leisure environments . "
making sustainable environments
,
, PAST
Central Mkt., Lajpat Nagar site area: 0.1acres ENVISIONED
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
design synthesis
communication strategies
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
implementation
AMRUT SEWER CONNECTION INFORMATION, EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION [IEC] PROJECT STAKEHOLDER & COMMUNITY AWARENESS
NGO/ WASH/ SWM/ SOCIAL INNOVATION/ PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2017 - 2019
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AMRUT SEWER CONNECTION INFORMATION, EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION [IEC] PROJECT PROJECT BRANDING FOR SEWER CONNECTION PROJECT: POSTER/ FLYER
NGO/ WASH/ SWM/ SOCIAL INNOVATION/ PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2017 - 2019
AMRUT SEWER CONNECTION INFORMATION, EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION [IEC] PROJECT DOCUMENTING DEVELOPMENTS: FOR URBAN LOCAL BODIES [ULB's] NEWSLETTER
NGO/ WASH/ SWM/ SOCIAL INNOVATION/ PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2017 - 2019
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