Transit Integrated Development - Badkhal Mor, Faridabad by Nivia Jain

Thesis Report

From places of transit to places to be

BADKhAL HUB, FARIDABAD TRANSIT - INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT Nivia Jain A/2847/2015 Guides :

Prof. Dr. Mandeep Singh Prof. Sandip Kumar Coordinator :

Prof. Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Badkhal Hub, Faridabad Transit Integrated Development From places of transit, To places to be.

Candidate Declaration 30th July 2020 The thesis titled Badkhal Hub - Transit Integrated Development a requisite for the Bachelor Program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi - 110002, was completed by the undersigned in January - May 2020. The supervisors were Prof. Sandip Kumar and Dr. Prof. Mandeep Singh. The undersigned hereby declares that this is her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source. Furthermore this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.

Nivia Jain A/2847/2015 5th year, section - A

Certificate by Thesis Guides We certify that the thesis title Badkhal Hub - Transit Integrated Development by Nivia Jain roll no. A/2847/2015 was guided by us in January - June 2020 and placed in front of the jury by the candidate on 29th and 30th July 2020. On completion of the report in all the respects including the last chapter by the candidate and wewe forward thethe report to the based on the declaration declarationby bythe thecandidate candidatehereinabove, here in above, forward report to Department to be placed in in thethelibrary the Department to be placed libraryofofthe theSchool SchoolofofPlanning Planning and Architecture, New Delhi.

Prof. Sandip Kumar

Prof. Dr. Mandeep Singh

सार पारगमन हब के पास के स्थानों में जीवंत सार्वजनिक स्थान बनने की क्षमता है। वे स्थान जहाँ लोग न केवल ’से होकर गुजरते हैं बल्कि’ होना भी चुनते हैं ’। ट्रांज़िट इंटीग्रेटेड डेवलपमेंट पहले से मौजूद फ़ुटफ़ॉल पर तालमेल बिठा सकता है जो ट्रांजिट स्टेशन विविध कार्यों के साथ-साथ प्राप्त करता है जो एक मिश्रित-उपयोग विकास एक जीवंत सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र बनाने के लिए प्रदान करता है। जिससे विकास और पारगमन नोड दोनों परस्पर लाभ उठा सकते हैं। इस थीसिस का अध्ययन शुरू करने की अपार संभावनाओं की प्राप्ति के साथ चयनित परियोजना स्थल को एक सक्रिय सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र बनना है। वह स्थान जो शहर के विविध निवासियों के लिए सुलभ हो। मुख्य विचार इस तरह से जगह को डिजाइन करना है जो साइट को सक्रिय कर सकता है - शारीरिक, सामाजिक और आर्थिक रूप से और एक जीवंत, मजबूत सामाजिक क्षेत्र बनाता है। यह थीसिस जांच करती है कि मिश्रित उपयोग के विकास के साथ एक पारगमन बिंदु का एकीकरण कैसे उभरने वाले तालमेल को जन्म दे सकता है। क्षेत्र कार्यक्रम की व्युत्पत्ति प्रचलित टीओडी मानदंडों के साथ-साथ प्रासंगिक अध्ययनों और सामुदायिक सर्वेक्षणों पर आधारित है। लोगों और शहर की जरूरतों को पहचानने और इसे डिजाइन में एकीकृत करने का प्रयास किया गया है जो लोगों के मन में साइट के स्वामित्व की भावना को बढ़ाने में मदद कर सकता है। परियोजना को न केवल स्थान के लिए या सार्वजनिक स्थान के रूप में बल्कि शहर के निवासियों के लिए एक गंतव्य के रूप में भी कल्पना की गई है।

Synopsis Places near transit hubs have the potential to become vibrant public places. Places where people not only ‘pass through’ but also choose ‘to be’. Transit Integrated Development can synergize on the already existing footfall that transit stations receive along with the diverse functions that a mixed-use development provides to create a vibrant public realm. From which the development and the transit node can both mutually benefit. The study of this thesis began with the realization of the immense potential the selected project site has to become an active public realm. A place which is accessible to the city’s diverse residents. Key idea is to design the place in a way which can activate the site - physically, socially and economically and create a lively, robust public realm. This thesis investigates how the integration of a transit point with a mixed-use development can lead to emergent synergies. Derivation of the area program is based on the prevailing TOD norms as well as contextual studies and community surveys. An attempt in identifying the needs of the people and city and integrating it in the design has been made which can help instil a sense of ownership of the site in people’s minds. The project has been envisioned not only as a place of transit or a public place for the neighbourhood but also as a destination for the residents of the city.

Acknowledgments This journey could have not been complete without the invaluable support and encouragement I have received from my mentors and dear ones, I would like to thank each one of them. I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards towards my guides, Prof. Sandip Kumar & Prof. Dr. Mandeep Singh, for not only being extremely supportive throughout the semester, but also for constantly questioning me, encouraging me and pushing me to work harder. In the difficult times of the pandemic during which this thesis work has been completed, I have had their constant support by any and all means possible. Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover, her words of encouragement has always boosted my energy and zeal to put in my best efforts. Ar. Suhita (Smart city mission - Faridabad) & R.K. Taneja & Associates who provided me with all possible information about the smart city initiatives in Faridabad. Ar.Papiya Sarkar (Chief Architect, DMRC) & Niharika Chabra (DMRC) for helping me get valuable inputs, data & statistics. Neeraj Jain, Dr. Rita Jain, Vicky Kumar Roy, Mariyam Zakiah their inputs, leads and support have helped me sail through. My batchmates and friends Ananya Bajpai, Abhinav Sardana, Bhavini Kapur, Gursimran Singh, Kiranmayi & Priyanka Yadav, who have constantly been there with me (though not physically!).

Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to my family (who have become halfarchitects themselves!) for constantly supporting me and helping me at every stage. I would also like to ackowledge the ongoing pandemic which has most significantly shaped this journey. With constant anxiety and stress, seeing friends and family catching the infection, a few unfortunate ones succumbing to it. Having to work with limited resources at hand, constantly planning for all that could go wrong and preparing for it. Having to provide with emotional support to the loved ones for whom this has been a very emotionally challenging phase. The environment in which this thesis has been completed has been way different from what I ever imagined it to be. There have been so many realisations and learnings during this period. It has been an incredible learning experience, not just academically but personally too. I cannot be grateful enough for all the people I have had on my side. Thank you!

Contents

Introduction & Proposition 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Proposition 1.3 Project and the Site

Research

Case studies

2.1 Mixed-use Development 3.1 Case Study matrix 2.2 Urban concept of 3.2 East Delhi hub, LIVE- WORK-PLAY Karkardooma 2.3 Public places 3.3 Cyber City, Gurgaon 2.4 Design for Walkability 3.4 Futako Tamagawa, Tokyo 2.5 Social logic of retail 3.5 Sliced Porosity, Chengdu 2.6 Transit Oriented 3.6 Marina One, Singapore Development 3.7 Markthal, Rotterdam 2.7 Concept of CPTED 2.8 Understanding Faridabad 2.9 National & State TOD Policies 2.10 Typological studies

157

Site Analysis 4.1 Site and the city 4.2 Faridabad - SMART City Mission 4.3 Site & its connectivity 4.4 Green & open spaces 4.5 Understanding the neighbourhood 4.6 Understanding the precinct 4.7 Metro station catchment 4.8 Site images 4.9 Existing use of site 4.10 Site plan 4.11 Site Sections

181

Programme & its components 5.1 Project Information 5.2 Site area & Developmental controls 5.3 Community Survey 5.4 Detailed area programme 5.5 Analysis of functional components 5.6 Open spaces 5.7 Inter-relationship Diagram

Technology 6.1 Sustainability 6.2 Services 6.3 Structures 6.4 Safety

197

243

Design Determinants 7.1 Learnings from research 7.2 Learnings from case studies 7.3 Learnings from community survey 7.4 SWOT Analysis 7.5 Design Determinants

Design Concept 8.1 Project Vision 8.2 Structure plan 8.3 Zoning

251

Design evolution 9.1 Design development 1 9.2 Design development 2 9.3 Design development 3 9.4 Design development 4 9.5 Design development 5 9.6 Design development 6

255

Design Portfolio 10.1 Design translation

263

List of Figures

Figure.1: Figure.2: Figure.3: Figure.4: Figure.5: Figure.6: Figure.7: Figure.8: Figure.9: Figure.10: Figure.11: Figure.12: Figure.13: Figure.14: Figure.15: Figure.16: Figure.17: Figure.18: Figure.19: Figure.20: Figure.21: Figure.22:

Elements of SMART CITY Source: Smart city mission report Faridabad �� 28

Figure.23: Figure.24: Figure.25: Figure.26: Figure.27: Figure.28:

Constructs in a TOD framework for indian smart cities | Sourcce: NIUA,2016 �� 51

Figure.29: Figure.30: Figure.31: Figure.32: Figure.33:

Map showing location of site with respect to the precinct. Source: Author �� 29 Benefits of mixed-use development Source: Coupland, 1997 �� 34 Hoppenbrouwer and Louw’s Mixed-use Model, Source: Hoppenbrower, 2005 �� 35 Live-work-concept with respect to their relative distance | Source: Rogers, R 1998, Cities For A Small Planet, Basic Books. �� 36 Parameters of cityplus data tools | Source:PwC �� 37 What makes a place, source: Project for public places �� 38 The place diagram, source: Project for public places �� 39 Active nodes, source: Project for public places �� 40 Activating a space with 10 places, source: Project for public places �� 40 Walkable realm | source: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/street-design-elements/sidewalks/ �� 43 creating fine grain pedestrian circulation | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/one �� 45 Orient building to streets & open spaces | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/two �� 45 Place parking behind or below buildings | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/three �� 45 Designing for human scale | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/four �� 45 Clear continous pedestrian access | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/five �� 45 Building complete streets | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/six �� 45 Organisation of functions to support walkability | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/seven �� 45 Survey results showing shop sizes across markets source: Social logic of Retail, seminar 2020, SPA,Delhi �� 46 Ketchum’s model attributes Source: Social logic of Retail, seminar 2020, SPA,Delhi �� 47 Ketchum’s model attributes Source: Social logic of Retail, seminar 2020, SPA,Delhi �� 47 Urban density and transport-related energy consumption in selected cities Source: Work Bank report - transforming the Urban Space by Transit Oriented Development 2017 �� 49 CPTED Principles Souce: Author �� 52 Components of CPTED Souce: Author �� 53 Faridabad Timeline Source: Author �� 54 Delhi metropolitan region Source: Author �� 54 Faridabad Vicinity plan Source: https://wricitieshub.org/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Mobility%20Plan%20for%20Faridabad%20 -%20Ballabgarh%20Complex.pdf �� 55 Faridabad Master Plan Source: www.masterplansofindia.com �� 56 Regional Context Souce: Smart City Mission Hnadbook �� 57 View of proposed East Delhi Hub | Source: UTTIPEC �� 77 Render of proposed East Delhi Hub | Source: UTTIPEC �� 78 A - Area of influence for the Karkardooma station with demarcations of site | Source: DDA �� 79

Figure.34: Figure.35: Figure.36: Figure.37: Figure.38: Figure.39: Figure.40: Figure.41: Figure.42: Figure.43: Figure.44: Figure.45: Figure.46: Figure.47: Figure.48: Figure.49: Figure.50: Figure.51: Figure.52: Figure.53: Figure.54: Figure.55: Figure.56: Figure.57: Figure.58: Figure.59: Figure.60: Figure.61: Figure.62: Figure.63: Figure.64: Figure.65: Figure.66: Figure.67:

B - Metro lines,edge conditions and connections to the neighbourhood. | Source: DDA 79 C - Land use distribution around the site | Source: DDA ��79 D - Catchment area of the site | Source: DDA ��79 Width of building blocks adopted | Source: UTTIPEC ��80 Small grain size leading to dense network of streets | Source: UTTIPEC ��80 Buildings on edge with minimum setbacks | Source: UTTIPEC ��80 Buildings on edge with minimum setbacks | Source: UTTIPEC ��80 Provisions for fire tender access | Source: UTTIPEC ��81 Ground coverage wrt to built-up areas | Source: UTTIPEC ��81 Shadow analysis for direct solar access to all living areas | Source: UTTIPEC ��81 3D for proposal 1 | Source: DDA ��82 3D for design option-I | Source: DDA ��82 3D for design option-II | Source: DDA ��82 Break-up of site into blocks for the entire developent | Source: DDA ��83 Proposed road network | Source: DDA ��83 Proposed network of greens | Source: DDA ��83 Mix of land-use, data source - DDA | Source: Author ��84 Mandatory housing mix ,data source - DDA | Source: Author ��84 Area Programme | Source: DDA ��85 Proposed vertical mix of uses by DDA | Source: Author ��86 Floor wise distribution | Source: DDA ��86 Floor wise distribution | Source: DDA ��86 blocking of site| Source: DDA ��87 Dispersion of commercial areas | Source: DDA ��87 Dispersion of housing| Source: DDA ��87 Dispersion of institutional areas | Source: DDA ��87 Key plan with proposed blocks | Source: DDA ��88 Ground floor plan plot-C | Source: DDA ��88 Segregated parking in basement | Source: DDA ��88 First floor plan| Source: DDA ��88 Movement structure | Source: DDA ��88 Second floor plan| Source: DDA ��89 Segregation of entries & safety of residential area | Source: DDA ��89 Third floor plan| Source: DDA ��89

Figure.68: Figure.69: Figure.70: Figure.71: Figure.72: Figure.73:

4th - 8th typical floor plan| Source: DDA ��89

Figure.74:

view of Cyber city | Source: Source:www.dlfcybercity.com/cybercity-overview.aspx (accessed on 25-01-20) ��92

Figure.75: Figure.76: Figure.77: Figure.78: Figure.79: Figure.80: Figure.81: Figure.82: Figure.83: Figure.84: Figure.85: Figure.86: Figure.87: Figure.88: Figure.89: Figure.90: Figure.91: Figure.92: Figure.93: Figure.94: Figure.95: Figure.96: Figure.97: Figure.98:

Live-work typology | Source: DDA ��90 Townhouse plan type-1 | Source: DDA ��90 Town house plan type-2 | Source: DDA ��90 Cybercity gurgaon | Source: www.dlfcybercity.com accessed on 22-02-2020 ��91 Site plan of Cyber city | Source: Source:www.dlfcybercity.com/cybercity-overview. aspx (accessed on 25-01-20) ��92

Site with respect to the city | Source: Author ��93 Site & its context | Source: Author ��93 Traffic pattern on 01-02-2020 9AM | Source: google maps ��94 Traffic pattern on 01-02-2020 11PM | Source: google maps ��94 Vehicular connectiions and entry points | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ master-plan.aspx ��94 Rapid metro | Source: DLF Cybercity ��95 Pedestrian and rapid metro connectivity | Source: DLF Cybercity ��95 Cyber walk | Source: Author ��96 Street elevation showing the nature of cyberwalk around its context | Source: Author ��96 Program mix | Source: Author ��97 Built-Open ratio | Source: Author ��97 Footfall | Source: Author ��97 zoning of cyber city | Source: DLF Cyber city ��98 Dispersion of masses | Source: Author ��99 Cybercity at night | Source: DLF Cybercity ��99 Activity mapping | Source: Abhinav Bansal ��100 Bustle of Cyberhub at night | Source: Author ��100 Cyber Hub sit planning | Source: Author ��101 Ground Floor Plan | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php ��102 First Floor Plan | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php ��102 Second Floor Plan | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php ��102 Cyberhub at evening | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php ��103 Open seating next to OAT | Source: Author ��103 First floor corridor with steel tree installations with bougenvelia on one side | Source: Author ��103

Figure.99: Activity on a weekday in cyberhub | Source: Author ��103 Figure.100: Section A-A’ | Source: Author ��103 Figure.101: Amphitheatre in a weekend afternoon | Source: Author ��104 Figure.102: Amphitheatre on a weekend evening | Source: www.dlfcybercity.com accessed on 22-03-2020 ��104

Figure.103: Activity on a weekday at 9am | Source: Author ��104 Figure.104: Activity on a weekday at 1pm | Source: Author ��104 Figure.105: Activity on a weekday at 7pm | Source: Author ��104 Figure.106: Activity on a weekend at 9am | Source: Author ��104 Figure.107: Activity on a weekend at 1pm | Source: Author ��104 Figure.108: Activity on a weekend at 7pm | Source: Author ��104 Figure.109: DLF Fire services | Source: DLF Cybercity ��105 Figure.110: Solar PV Panels | Source: DLF Cybercity ��105 Figure.111: Key plan - cyber city | Source: Author ��106 Figure.112: Gateway Tower | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.113: Building 9 A&B| Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.114: Building 8 - Innov8 | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.115: Building 14 - DLF iQ | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.116: Building 7 A&B | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.117: Building 10 | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.118: Building 5 - Epitome building | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ ��107 Figure.119: Futako Tamagawa | Source: https://www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-tamagawaconran-and-partners ��109

Figure.120: Ariel view of Futako Tamagawa | Source: Author �� 110 Figure.121: Futako Tamagawa | Source: Author �� 110 Figure.122: Futako-tamagawa Redevelopment floor area reallocation, phase 1 | Source:

Figure.129: Dogwood plaza ground floor | Source: google maps �� 114 Figure.130: Dogwood plaza first floor | Source: google maps �� 114 Figure.131: Dogwood plaza first floor | Source: google maps �� 114 Figure.132: Townfront SC ground floor| Source: google maps �� 114 Figure.133: Riverfront SC ground floor| Source: google maps �� 114 Figure.134: Riverfront SC first floor| Source: google maps �� 114 Figure.135: Terrace market plans | Source: google maps �� 115 Figure.136: The common street binding the site | Source: https://worldlandscapearchitect. com/conran-and-partners-completes-20-hectare-urban-regeneration-project/#. XnxygYgzZPY accessed on 22-02-2020 �� 116

Figure.137: Relationship diagram | Source: Author �� 116 Figure.138: Site section | Source: https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/conran-and-partnerscompletes-20-hectare-urban-regeneration-project/#.XnxygYgzZPY accessed on 22-02-2020 �� 116

Figure.139: AMERICAN DOGWOOD OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer.

com/ �� 117

Figure.140: 2. KASHINOKI OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ �� 117 Figure.141: 3. BIRDS MALL OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ �� 117 Figure.142: GALLERIA | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ �� 117 Figure.143: THE CENTRE OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ �� 117 Figure.144: FOUNTAIN OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ �� 117 Figure.145: The central spine | Source: https://www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-tamagawaconran-and-partners �� 118

Figure.146: Entry to site from the station | Source: https://www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-

tamagawa-conran-and-partners �� 118

Figure.147: Gardens by the residences | Source: https://www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-

tamagawa-conran-and-partners �� 118

Financial Transit-oriented development with Land values (World Bank 2015) ��111

Figure.148: Sliced Porosity, Chengdu | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/14/sliced-

Land values (World Bank 2015) ��111

Figure.149: Chengdu city road network | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/14/sliced-

Figure.123: Futako-tamagawa impact area| Source: Financial Transit-oriented development with

Figure.124: Story of Futako-tamagawa impact area| Source: Author ��111 Figure.125: Connectivity through rail | Source: Author �� 112 Figure.126: Transport facilities | Source: Tokuyu corporaion �� 112 Figure.127: Mix of landuse | Source: Author �� 113 Figure.128: Arial view of Futako Tamagawa | Source: https://aasarchitecture.com/2016/01/ conran-and-partners-completes-urban-regeneration-in-futako-tamagawa.html/ conran-and-partners-completes-urban-regeneration-in-futako-tamagawa-17/ �� 113

porosity-block-by-steven-holl-architects-2/ �� 119 porosity-block-by-steven-holl-architects-2/ ��120

Figure.150: Chengdu city road network | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/14/sliced-

porosity-block-by-steven-holl-architects-2/ ��121

Figure.151: Road network | Source: Author ��121 Figure.152: public transport network | Source: Author ��121 Figure.153: Entry to public plaza | Source: http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/raffles-citychengdu ��122

Figure.154: Podium level plan with entry to points to public plaza highlighted | Source: Author ��122 Figure.155: Ground floor plan with drop offs and vehicular movement | Source: Author ��122 Figure.156: Area mix | Source: Author ��123 Figure.157: Dispersion of uses | Source: Author ��123 Figure.158: Design concepts | Source: Author ��124 Figure.159: Visual access and sunlight | Source: Author ��124 Figure.160: Organisation of program | Source: Author ��125 Figure.161: Section | Source: Archdaily ��125 Figure.162: Section A-A’ | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/

Figure.178: Concept | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-office.html ��136 Figure.179: Section | Source: https://www.archdaily.com/886215/green-heart-marina-one-

Figure.163: Water bodies in public square also acting as skylights for the retail floors in the

Figure.184: 1BHK Plan | Source: https://esingaporeproperty.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/

reviews/sliced-porosity-block ��126 basement | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/ sliced-porosity-block ��126

Figure.164: Section B-B’ | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/

reviews/sliced-porosity-block ��127

Figure.165: Light pavillion | Source: https://architizer.com/projects/sliced-porosity-block/ ��128 Figure.166: History pavillion | Source: https://architizer.com/projects/sliced-porosity-block/ ��128 Figure.167: Local art pavillion | Source: https://architizer.com/projects/sliced-porosity-block/ ��128 Figure.168: framing of structure | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecturenews/reviews/sliced-porosity-block ��129

Figure.169: structural system of sliced porosity | Source: http://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/anichols/

courses/applied-architectural-structures/projects-631/Files/RaffleCityChengdu.pdf ��129

Figure.170: Marina one | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/

reviews/sliced-porosity-block ��131

Figure.171: Green heart in Marina One,Singapore | Source: https://inhabitat.com/tropical-park-

with-native-species-will-add-much-needed-green-space-to-hong-kong/ Accessed on 28-03-2020 ��132

Figure.172: Context of Marina One | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-

residences.html ��133

Figure.173: location in CBD | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-residences.

html ��133

Figure.174: Connectivity of Marina One | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-

residences.html ��134

Figure.175: Area mix | Source: Author ��135 Figure.176: Key areas of Marina One | Source: https://esingaporeproperty.sg/property/marinaone-condo-showflat-residences/ ��135

Figure.177: Green heart | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-office.html ��136

singapore-ingenhoven-architects ��137

Figure.180: Section | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/11/10/multi-storey-gardens-marina-

one-development-ingenhoven-architects-gustafson-porter-bowman-singapore/ ��137

Figure.181: Vehicular access to site | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-

office.html ��138

Figure.182: Role model for mega cities | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-

office.html ��139

Figure.183: Vehicular access to site | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-

residences.html ��140 Marina-One-Residential-Brochure-Floor-Plans.pdf ��141

Figure.185: 2BHK Plan | Source: https://esingaporeproperty.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/

Marina-One-Residential-Brochure-Floor-Plans.pdf ��141

Figure.186: Marina one | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/

reviews/sliced-porosity-block ��143

Figure.187: Markthal | Source: https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/115/markthal?photo=15139

accessed on 03-04-2020 ��144

Figure.188: Markthal location | Source: google mymaps ��145 Figure.189: Organisation of functions | Source: MVRDV ��146 Figure.190: Section | Source: https://www.markthal.nl/bezoek-markthal/bereikbaarheid ��146 Figure.191: Organisation of functions | Source: MRVDV ��147 Figure.192: Location of supermarket | Source: MRVDV ��147 Figure.193: Accessebility to the building | Source: MRVDV ��147 Figure.194: Parking location | Source: MRVDV ��147 Figure.195: Mixed-use development | Source: smart city mission handbook ��152 Figure.196: Proposed mixed-use developments | Source: smart city mission handbook ��152 Figure.197: Proposed innovation hubs & skill development centres | Source: smart city mission handbook ��153

Figure.198: Innovation labs | Source: NITI Ayog ��153 Figure.199: Coutour mapping | Source: https://contourmapcreator.urgr8.ch/ ��155 Figure.200: Placing site in the city | Source: Author ��155 Figure.201: Area based development area | Source: smart city mission handbook ��157 Figure.202: Location of site with respect to highway | Source: Author ��158 Figure.203: Delhi - Faridabad metro route | Source: www.mapsofindia.com ��158

Figure.204: Major junctions around the site | Source: Author ��159 Figure.205: Access through various means of transport to site | Source: Author ��159 Figure.206: Greens in the vicinity | Source: Author ��160 Figure.207: Traffic on weekday mornigs | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020 ��160 Figure.208: Traffic on weekend mornigs | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020 ��160 Figure.209: Traffic on weekday noon | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020 ��160 Figure.210: Traffic on weekend noon | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020 ��160 Figure.211: Traffic on weekday evening | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020 ��160 Figure.212: Traffic on weekdaendevening | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020 ��160 Figure.213: Autos in front of the metro station, congesting the road | Source: Author ��161 Figure.214: Pedestrian access to metro station | Source: Author ��161 Figure.215: Cars parked on the street | Source: Author ��161 Figure.216: Staggered access to metro station | Source: Author ��161 Figure.217: Pedestrian access to metro station | Source: Author ��161 Figure.218: Proximity of infrstructure and facilities | Source: Author ��162 Figure.219: Proximity of infrstructure and facilities | Source: Author ��163 Figure.220: Figure Ground | Source: Author ��164 Figure.221: Landuse of context | Source: Author ��165 Figure.222: Climate data | Source: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/new-delhi_india_1261481 ��166

Figure.223: Catchment mix of badhkal metro station | Source: Author ��167 Figure.224: Site plan | Source: Author ��168 Figure.225: VIEW FROM THE METRO | Source: Author ��169 Figure.226: VIEW BEHIND PETROL PUMP | Source: Author ��169 Figure.227: VIEW BEHIND PETROL PUMP | Source: Author ��169 Figure.228: STREET FORMING A CUL-DE-SAC, IDEAL FOR DROP OFFS OR PARKING ENTRY | Source: Auhtor ��169

Figure.229: REMINISCENCE OF ONCE ACTIVE GREEN SPACE, NOW USED FOR PARKING |

Source: Author ��169

Figure.230: PATCH OF GREEN IN FRONT OF THE BUILDING | Source: Author ��169 Figure.231: UNFINISHED BUILDING, NOW IN DILAPDATED CONDITION. | Source: Author ��169 Figure.232: HUDA COMPLEX IN THE BACKGROUND, WITH TWO-WHEELERS PARKING | Source: Author ��169

Figure.233: VARDHMAN SHOPPING COMPLEX, VIEW FROM METRO | Source: Author ��169 Figure.234: GROUND PLAN VARDHMAN SHOPPING COMPLEX | Source: R.K. Associates ��170

Figure.235: BACK WALL OF PETROL PUMP - NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED | Source: Author ��171 Figure.236: ROAD ENCROACHED BY CARS, DUE TO UNAVAILABILITY OF PARKING | Source: Author ��171

Figure.237: ACCESS FROM THE METRO TO SITE, NO STREET LIGHTS, MAKING IT

UNSAFE. | Source: Author ��171

Figure.238: VIEW OF METRO STATION FROM SITE, CURRENTLY USED FOR PARKING |

Source: Author ��171

Figure.239: NO DROP OFF FOR THE METRO STATION, AUTOS ENCROACH HIGHWAY |

Source: Author ��171

Figure.240: INFORMAL SHOPS SET UP NEXT TO METRO, AT THE EDGE OF THE SITE |

Source: Author ��171

Figure.241: LACK OF OPEN SPACES AND SPORTS FACILITIES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

HAS LED PEOPLE TO MAKE A BADMINTON COURT INSIDE THE UNFINISHED BUILDING.| Source: Author ��171

Figure.242: DUMPING GROUND AT THE SITE | Source: Author ��171 Figure.243: Site Plan | Source: Author ��172 Figure.244: section A-A’ | Source: Author ��173 Figure.245: Existing trees on site | Source: Author ��174 Figure.246: Mandatory mix | Source: Author ��177 Figure.247: Mix of components | Source: Author ��180 Figure.248: Open space - built function relationship diagram | Source: Author ��188 Figure.249: Zoning and space relationship diagram | Source: Author ��189 Figure.250: Sustainability categories | Source: LEED ND ��194 Figure.251: Energy efficiency by design | Source: Author ��195 Figure.252: Energy savings | Source: EDGE Report ��196 Figure.253: Water savings | Source: EDGE Report ��196 Figure.254: Orientation diagram | Source: Author ��197 Figure.255: Shading analysis at 8.30 AM | Source: Author ��197 Figure.256: Shading analysis at 2.30 PM | Source: Author ��197 Figure.257: Shading analysis at 12 PM | Source: Author ��197 Figure.258: Shading analysis at 4.30 PM | Source: Author ��197 Figure.259: Facade | Source: Author ��198 Figure.260: Construction detail for louvres | Source: Terrart.com ��198 Figure.261: Facade with vertical louvres | Source: Terrart.com ��198 Figure.262: South elevation | Source: Author ��198 Figure.263: Wall section | Source: Author ��198

Figure.264: Water balance diagram | Source: Author ��200 Figure.265: Diagram of a typical STP | Source: https://shipfever.com/sewage-treatment-plant/ ��200 Figure.266: Working of a bioswale | Source: https://www.symbioticcities.net/index. cfm?id=65088&modex=blogid&modexval=18616&blogid=18616 ��201

Figure.267: Section of a bioswale | Source: http://bigwalnutwatershed.org/images/bioswale%20

enlargement.jpg ��201

Figure.268: terrace garden section | Source: Author ��203 Figure.269: Location of terraces gardens | Source: Author ��203 Figure.270: Location of Solar PV | Source: Author ��204 Figure.271: Central HVAC System | Source: NZEB ��206 Figure.272: Heat recovery | Source: NZEB ��206 Figure.273: Radiant cooling | Source: NZEB ��207 Figure.274: Colling energy consumption | Source: Infosys report ��207 Figure.275: Radiant cooling | Source: Ashok B Lall Architects ��207 Figure.276: Functions of BAS | Source: Author ��208 Figure.277: BAS | Source: Author ��209 Figure.278: LiFi | Source: https://www.signify.com/en-in/innovation/trulifi ��209 Figure.279: Location of toilets | Source: Author ��212 Figure.280: Office toilet layout | Source: Author ��212 Figure.281: Public toilet layout | Source: Author ��212 Figure.282: Elevation of a typical escalator | Source: https://www.dimensions.guide/collection/ escalators ��215

Figure.283: Vertical circulation locations | Source: Author ��216 Figure.284: Basement 1 | Source: Author ��217 Figure.285: Basement 2 | Source: Author ��217 Figure.286: Highrise building as vertical cantilevel | Source: Author ��218 Figure.287: Load transfer | Source: Author ��218 Figure.288: Composite column | Source: Y.K Aggarwal ��219 Figure.289: Prestressed beams | Source: Y.K Aggarwal ��219 Figure.290: Expansion Joint details | Source: Author ��220 Figure.291: Location of expansion joint | Source: Author ��220 Figure.292: Story transfer techniques in high-rise buildings | Source: Lin & Sun (2017) ��221 Figure.293: transfer of loads using a transfer girder | Source: Author ��221 Figure.294: Height requirements for fire staircase| Source: NBC ��222 Figure.295: Location of fire exits | Source: Author ��222

Figure.296: Compartmentalisation | Source: NBC ��223 Figure.297: Lift Lobby minimum width | Source: NBC ��223 Figure.298: Fire tower | Source: NBC ��224 Figure.299: Location of fire tower in building | Source: Author ��224 Figure.300: Fire tender movement | Source: Author ��224 Figure.301: Parking for handicapped | Source: NBC ��226 Figure.302: Hnadicapped toilet type A| Source: NBC ��227 Figure.303: Hnadicapped toilet type B | Source: NBC ��227 Figure.304: Set backs | Source: Author ��236 Figure.305: Buildable land | Source: Author ��236 Figure.306: North - South orientation | Source: Author ��236 Figure.307: N-S Oriented massing | Source: Author ��236 Figure.308: Pedestrian movement | Source: Author ��237 Figure.309: Vehicular movement | Source: Author ��237 Figure.310: Contexual response | Source: Author ��238 Figure.311: Functional determinants | Source: Author ��238 Figure.312: Zoning and space relationship diagram | Source: Author ��242 Figure.313: Zoning | Source: Author ��242 Figure.314: Zoning in plan | Source: Author ��242 Figure.315: Design stage 1 | Source: Author ��244 Figure.316: Design stage 2 | Source: Author ��245 Figure.317: Design stage 3 | Source: Author ��246 Figure.318: Design stage 4 | Source: Author ��247 Figure.319: Design stage 5 | Source: Author ��248 Figure.320: Design stage 6 | Source: Author ��249 Figure.321: Zoning blow-up | Source: Author ��252 Figure.322: Site Plan | Source: Author ��253 Figure.323: Ground floor Plan | Source: Author ��254 Figure.324: Ground Floor structure plan | Source: Author ��255 Figure.325: First Floor plan | Source: Author ��256 Figure.326: Second Floor plan | Source: Author ��257 Figure.327: Third Floor plan | Source: Author ��258 Figure.328: Fourth Floor plan | Source: Author ��259 Figure.329: Food court & Roof top restaurant | Source: Author ��260

Figure.330: Library & study rooms | Source: Author ��261 Figure.331: Serviced Apartments - unit plans | Source: Author ��262 Figure.332: Serviced Apartments - typical floor layout | Source: Author ��263 Figure.333: Serviced Apartments - All floor plans | Source: Author ��264 Figure.334: Affordable Housing - Unit layout | Source: Author ��265 Figure.335: Affordable Housing - typical floor plan | Source: Author ��266 Figure.336: Affordable Housing - All floor plans | Source: Author ��267 Figure.337: Basement 1 plan | Source: Author ��268 Figure.338: Basement 2 plan | Source: Author ��269 Figure.339: Plans - Office block 1 | Source: Author ��270 Figure.340: Plans - Office block 2 | Source: Author ��271 Figure.341: Section A-A’ | Source: Author ��272 Figure.342: Section B-B’ | Source: Author ��273 Figure.343: Section C-C’ | Source: Author ��274 Figure.344: Section D-D’ | Source: Author ��275 Figure.345: Section E-E’ | Source: Author ��276 Figure.346: South Elevation| Source: Author ��277 Figure.347: Front Elevation | Source: Author ��279 Figure.348: View of central plaza | Source: Author ��280 Figure.349: View of courtyard | Source: Author ��281 Figure.350: View of central plaza from the library | Source: Author ��282 Figure.351: Aerial view of site | Source: Author ��283 Figure.352: Aerial view of site - south - west side | Source: Author ��284 Figure.353: Aerial view of site - south - east side | Source: Author ��285 Figure.354: East side view | Source: Author ��286 Figure.355: View from the pedestrian bridge | Source: Author ��287 Figure.356: West side view| Source: Author ��288 Figure.357: View of entrance plaza | Source: Author ��289 Figure.358: View of pedestrian street | Source: Author ��290 Figure.359: View of pedestrian street from first floor | Source: Author ��291

List of Abbreviations TOD ABD NH2 DMRC DUAC MoHUA MNRE IMT SCM MCF NCR -

Transit Oriented Development Area Based Development National Highway 2 Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Delhi Urban Arts Commission Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Industrial Model Town SMART City Mission Municipal Corporation Faridabad National Capital Region

List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20

Case study Matrix | Source: Author ��73 Community survey | Source: Author ��177 Mix of components | Source: Author ��178 Detailed area program part 1 | Source: Author ��179 Area program part 2 | Source: Author ��180 Area program part 3 | Source: Author ��182 Area program part 4 | Source: Author ��182 Functional analysis | Source: Author ��183 Parking requirements | Source: Author ��185 Sustainability checklist | LEED ND Manual ��191 Water demand | Source:Author ��197 Rain water harvesting potential | Source: Author ��199 Types of green roofs | Source:Author | Data source: https:// sustainability.asu.edu/urban-climate/green-roof-calculator/ ��200 Cooling load calculation | Source: Author ��203 Plant room size calculation| Source: Author ��204 Radiant cooling analysis | Source: Author ��205 Office building toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016 ��208 shopping malls & retail toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016 ��208 library toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016 ��209 Multiplex toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016 ��209

Table 21 Table 22 Table 23 Table 24 Table 25 Table 26 Table 27 Table 28 Table 29 Table 30 Table 31 Table 32 Table 33 Table 34 Table 35 Table 36 Table 37 Table 38 Table 39 Table 40

Electricity load calculation | Source: Author ��211 Lift speed | Source: NBC 2016 �� 212 Recommendation nominal travel time for office, commercial or hotel buildings | Source: NBC 2016 �� 212 Recommended quality of service in office buildings | Source: NBC 2016 �� 213 Shaft size of lifts | Source: NBC 2016 �� 213 Expected pedestrian flow rates | Source: NBC 2016 �� 213 Practical capacity for escalators | Source: NBC 2016 �� 213 ECS Calculation | Source:Author �� 215

Maximum travel distance | Source: NBC 2016 �� 221 Fire tank calculations | Source: Author �� 222 Width of footpath | Source: NBC �� 223 Open space requirements | Source: NBC �� 223 Ventilation shaft requirement | Source: NBC �� 224 Staircase widths | Source: NBC �� 224 Slope of ramps | Source: NBC �� 225 Plot setbacks | Source: Haryana Building code 2017 �� 226 Green building measures | Source: Haryana Building code 2017 �� 226 Solid waste Management plant | Source: Haryana Building code 2017 226 GRIHA Rating requirements | Source: Haryana Building code 2017 �� 226 Minimum room requirements | Source: Haryana Building code 2017 �� 227

Part I Design Investigation

01 Introduction & Proposition 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Proposition 1.3 Project and the Site

MY STORY

My story Badkhal Mor Metro station became operational in 2015. Just after I started pursuing my architectural education.It was a welcome relief to many commuters, as people who would earlier travel to Badarpur Border ( Delhi-Faridabad border) by various means of transport to catch the metro, could now simply walk or use NMT to reach this metro station. Walking from my home to the metro station, across the site to catch the metro for ITO became a part of my everyday life. The once peaceful road often occupied by joggers, pet owners and kids who would cycle around soon got consumed with cars parked almost everywhere. The path to the metro station was ill maintained, no direct access has ever been created for the pedestrians and there has been no proper lighting making the walk unsafe and uncomfortable. I would curse the place everytime I would walk down the road, this cursing eventually transformed into the realisation about the potential this place has to become a welcoming, lively public place, owing to its such a strategic location and context. When I started studying the developments related to SMART City Mission in Faridabad, I came across the 4 sites MCF has proposed for TOD, I was surprised to find this site being one of them. This finding reinforced the vision I have had for the place and I was convinced that this is the opportunity I would like to take t reimagine the place where I have spent so many years of my life.

Badkhal Mor metro station became operational in 2015. Soon after I started pursuing my architectural education. It was a welcome relief to many commuters, as people who would earlier travel to Badarpur Border ( Delhi-Faridabad border) by various means of transport to catch the metro, could now simply walk or use NMT to reach this metro station. Walking from my home to the metro station to catch the metro for ITO, became a part of my everyday life. The once peaceful road often occupied by joggers, pet owners and kids who would cycle around soon got consumed with cars parked almost everywhere. The path to the metro station was ill maintained, no direct access had ever been created for the pedestrians and there has been no proper lighting making the walk unsafe and uncomfortable. I would curse the place everytime I would walk down the road, this cursing eventually transformed into the realisation about the potential this place has to become a welcoming, lively public place, owing to its such a strategic location and context. When I started studying the developments related to SMART City Mission in Faridabad, I came across the 4 sites MCF has proposed for TOD, I was surprised to find this site being one of them. This finding reinforced the vision I have had for the place and I was convinced that this is the opportunity I would like to take to reimagine the place where I have spent so many years of my life.

What suburbia cries for are the means for people to gather easily, inexpensively, regularly and pleasurably - A ‘Place on the corner,’ - Ray Oldenburg

“THIRD PLACES” Most needed are those “third places” which lend a public balance to the increased privatization of home life. Third places are nothing more than informal public gathering places. The phrase “third places” derives from considering our homes to be the “first” places in our lives, and our work places the “second.” - Ray Oldenburg

A community’s rail station and its surroundings are more than a jumping off point to catch a train— they should also be the kinds of places people are naturally drawn to. If done well, TODs are “places to be,” not “places to pass through” (Bertolini and Spit 1998).

Introduction

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

India being a developing country has been witnessing high rates of urbanization. In this context, as per Financial Express’ article (2015) the National Capital Region (NCR), is among the world’s largest urban agglomeration. And it is witnessing several challenges concerning accommodating the rapid population growth. By 2021, NCR’s urban population is expected to reach about 45 million from about 29 million in 2011. This requires swift and planned action to put corrective measures to check unplanned urbanization (KPMG 2017). The Government of India has taken several initiatives, such as Smart City Mission, Housing for all by 2022 (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana), 500 AMRUT cities, and Heritage city development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY), which are aimed at making cities condusive for better living. With a growing urban population, the need for controlling urban sprawl and developing efficient public transport systems is becoming a major concern for governments and city planners. In an attempt to develop and restructure the cities which are connected, compact and coordinated, various cities in India have adopted the TransitOriented Development approach. The focus is to promote mass transport by densifying commercial, residential and other activities in the walkable boundaries of these mass transit points. Many

Municipal corporations have adopted TOD as the primary strategy to restructure their city under the Smart City Mission. (MoUA) The concept of Transit Oriented Developments (TODs) has become something of a buzzword in the realm of urban planning since the nineties (Donnelly n.d.). In India however, while several transit systems were in place, it was only in the 2000s that TODs began to be ‘imposed on cities demanding transit’ (Joshi et al. 2017, p.1). Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a planning strategy that aims to concentrate jobs, housing, and services around public transport stations. From Copenhagen to Singapore, this approach has helped many cities reduce their carbon footprint while becoming more productive and more livable (World Bank 2017). The term TOD refers to compact, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly development that is ‘oriented’, and not just adjacent to, urban rail and subway stations. Besides being the ‘jumping off’ point for catching a train or bus, TOD also serves other community purposes (UNHABITAT 2013). Today, unprecedented growth and a huge influx of population are forcing the city to grow invariably, often failing to satisfy the needs of its population. To overcome such problems, there is a need to restructure the cities through enhancement of accessibility to public transport along with proper

INTRODUCTION & PROPOSITION

structuring of roads and urban built form along the Metro stations through a hierarchical development. This could reduce the use of private transport as a mode of commuting. As a result of population influx, there is an increased dependency on private vehicles due to increased distances and inefficient public transport system. As a result, public spaces are losing their value and importance, as they are taken over by the vehicular parking in society. To relieve the city from vehicular encroachments, the city demands more pedestrianfriendly construction, bringing facilities to cater to the need of the people within walkable boundaries, thereby providing the land back to the people. If a workplace could be approached through a walkable or a cyclable distance, it would help in controlling the sprawl in urban areas and preserving land as a commodity and other natural resources for future generations (DUAC, n.d).

TODs aim to function as community hubs, and places where people not only ‘pass through’ but also choose ‘to be’ – e.g. for public celebrations and demonstrations, outdoor concerts, farmers’ markets and other activities that help build community (UNHABITAT 2013).

Building cohesive, inclusive, functional, safe and livable cities are found to be the most common intention of most urban and city-level initiatives. Public and community spaces become the heart of cities, adding to their livability and safety. Mass transit points have the potential to become active public spaces by not only providing transport and linkages but by taking advantage of the already existing footfall. This existing footfall, when complemented with a variety of uses and activities, can result in higher sociability and better imageability of the place. This can result in people to feel safe and engaged in the space making it an active public realm. Providing people with more reasons to visit the transit point is seen to result in higher footfall at the transit point, thereby creating a symbiotic relationship benefiting everybody (World Bank 2017). Designing a robust environment. Ensuring vibrant and active public spaces through different hours of the day, along with building or a complex that can cater to living, working and leisure in the same area or region can drastically improve the living situations of people. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), the policy enrolled worldwide, was coined to circle back to the two main concepts of the past, ensuring a sense of socio-cultural compositions and development of

sustainable and logical practices (WORLD BANK 2013). Many countries following an increase in the population, adopted a newer way to simplify the problems related to transportation and walkable cities. Creating larger hubs of mixed-use facilities around the transit hubs allows people to settle around it, giving them direct access to public transport and shaded footpaths to connected destinations. As of today, In India, construction has started on the pilot TOD Project in Delhi, at and around the Karkardooma metro station. However, the pilot project is being carried out on a greenfield site, wherein the programme is flexible.

Proposition

The Municipal Corporation of Faridabad (MCF) under the Smart City Mission has adopted Transit Oriented Development as a strategy for further developments along the transit rail metro corridor and Mathura road (SCM 2016). The linearity of the city of Faridabad with the NH2 and metro line as its spine acts as a perfect case for Transit Oriented Development. With high density mixe-use developments along this corridor. The site is part of one such location proposed for mixed-use development under the Area Based Development strategy of the Smart City Mission. It is next to the Badhkal Mor metro station on the Violet line of the Delhi Metro.

“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us,” - Mused Winston Churchill in 1943 while considering the repair of the bomb-ravaged House of Commons. As public places often become fore-bearers of shaping communities. They are locations where community comes alive, where bonds among neighbours are strengthened and where a sense of belonging is fostered. (Rutherford, 2014) Studies suggest - Living among millions of strangers is a very unnatural state of affairs for a human being, BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

INTRODUCTION & PROPOSITION

(Bond 2017). Enriching public spaces not only banish loneliness from cities, but it could help by making residents feel more engaged and comfortable with their surroundings

The project provides an opportunity to explore how the integration of mass transit with high density mixeduse development can lead to emergent synergies to create a vibrant public realm. Components of the mixed use development will be derived by contextual studies as well as community surveys to understand the needs of the people and identify missing facilities. Unlike typical TODs that are designed around or near a central transit hub, Badhkal Hub will seamlessly integrate the transit hub with the mixeduse development, creating convenient access and ease of living.

Through this proposition the aim is to – Address architectural challenges and possibilities of high density mixeduse development integrated with a mass transit station To explore how this development can take advantage of the already existing pedestrian traffic and developing a synergy with the MRTS resulting in increased footfall. Taking advantage of the synergy between MTRS and the development, explore how public spaces start manifesting this relationship, thereby creating a vibrant social realm. Developing a programmatic mix to encourage people from the neighbourhood to become stakeholders of the development, adding to the vibrancy of the place, thereby making the development an intrinsic part of the neighbourhood.

Project & the Site

Creating a mixed use development as part of the proposed Transit Oriented development under the Smart City Mission of Faridabad.

Figure 1: Elements of SMART CITY Source: Smart city mission report Faridabad

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Project aims to demonstrate how places of transit can become vibrant public places to be. Transit Oriented Development is being adopted as a retrofit strategy to already existing and growing cities. TOD allows for mixed use developments near transit nodes. Mixed-used developments are excellent opportunities to fill the gaps of existing neighbourhoods. This can be done by developing the right kind of programmatic mix. This programmatic mix can be arrived at on the basis of • Detailed neighbourhood and context studies, • Understanding what the residents of the neighbourhood needs, to help make such places an intrinsic part of the city. The selected site is next to one of the busiest junctions of the city and next to the Badkhal Mor metro station with an average daily footfall of 10000 (DMRC).

The chosen site is among the 5 selected sites by the Municipal corporation of Faridabad (MCF) for mixeduse developments along with a proposed innovation hub (SCM 2016). Located on the Mathura road (NH2), the site falls under the ABD zone (Area based development) of Faridabad and is part of the intense TOD zone (SCM 2016).

INTRODUCTION & PROPOSITION

Mixed-use development site under Area Based development zone of Faridabad

Road connecting bypass road, Greater Faridabad with NH2

500-800m Radius - TOD Zone Badkhal Mor metro station (voilet line)

SITE

Badkhal mor junction

Old Faridabad area

0-500m Radius Intense TOD Zone

Site Area = 23170 sqm

Railway line

Built Up Area = 81095 sqm FAR = 3.5

School Mosque

Figure 2: Map showing location of site with respect to the precinct. Source: Author

Hospital 35

02 Research 2.1 Mixed-use Development 2.2 Urban concept of LIVE- WORK-PLAY 2.3 Public places 2.4 Design for Walkability 2.5 Social logic of retail 2.6 Transit Oriented Development 2.7 Concept of CPTED 2.8 Understanding Faridabad 2.9 National & State TOD Policies 2.10 Typological studies

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

RESEARCH

Mixed use development

Urban Land Institute (2003) defines ‘mixed use development’ as consisting of •

Three or more significant revenue-producing uses (such as retail/entertainment, office, residential, hotel, and/or civic/cultural/recreation) that in well planned projects are mutually supporting;

•

Significant physical and functional integration of project components (and thus a relatively close-knit and intensive use of land), including uninterrupted pedestrian connections; and

•

Development in conformance with a coherent plan (that frequently stipulates the type and scale of uses, permitted densities, and related items) (Schwanke, 2003).

A mixed-use development is a real estate project with planned integration of some combination of retail, office, residential, hotel, recreation or other functions. It is pedestrian-oriented and contains elements of a live-workplay environment. It maximizes space usage, has amenities and architectural expression and tends to mitigate traffic and sprawl (Niemira, 2007).

Traditional Mixed-use development in Indian Cities Most traditional cities in India have observed a mixed-used growth of cities, like Shahjahanabad, Jaipur and Old Bhopal. Such compact mixed-use city patterns helped these cities remain robust, lively, walkable and safe, instilling a strong sense of community in its residents.

Need for mixed-use development It has been realized that segregating land uses through Euclidean zoning strategies have contributed to undesirable growth patterns which have led to • • • • • •

Urban sprawl and low-density expansions Large scale development of green fields Increasing traffic congestion, and increased dependency on automobiles. Increased requirements of roads, sewer and water systems. Isolated neighbourhoods and communities which lack vibrancy and a sense of place. Creation of unsafe negative spaces in the city. 39

Advantages of mixed-use development • • • •

It ensures vitality through activity and diversity. It makes areas safer. It reduces the need to travel, making people less reliant on cars Welcome environmental benefits.

Different but complementary uses, during the day and in the evening can reinforce each other, making town centers more attractive to residents, businesses, shoppers and visitors. Reclaiming the City: Mixed Use Development, (Andy Coupland,1997).

Conceptual Models for Mixed-use development Rowley’s Typology

The conceptual model of mixed-use development created by Alan Rowley (1996) is based on the view that mixed-used development is essentially an aspect of the internal texture of settlements. This model focuses on mixed-use in the horizontal dimension, or between adjacent buildings, and proposes that the physical form of mixed-use development is a function of urban texture, setting, and location. Rowley proposes that the urban texture of a settlement is the product of three things: grain, density, and permeability. Furthermore, Rowley (1996) includes three other components in his conceptual model. First, he points out that public policy and regulations, property markets, and cultural ideas and values are external factors that influence the form of mixed-use development. Second, he recognizes that activities and land uses within mixeduse projects generate different degrees of vitality, a characteristic he refers to as the transactional quality of a use. Lastly, Rowley acknowledges an important time dimension because different uses produce activity on varying time schedules and any one facility can be shared by multiple users over any given time period. The result of the complex interactions of these variables is what he terms a “mixed-use situation.”

BENEFITS OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

Concentration & diversity of activities

Vitality

Less need to travel

A more secure environment

Less reliance on the car

More attractive & better quality town centres

More opportunity for public transportation

Social, economic & environmental benefits

Hoppenbrower and Louw’s Typology

Hoppenbrouwer and Louw’s (2005) model is developed from a spatial perspective and is organized by function, dimension, scale, and urban texture. The function component of mixed-use development refers to the

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Figure 3: Benefits of mixed-use development Source: Coupland, 1997

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Working Building

Block

Density District

Interweaving

Grain

City

II.Horizontal Dimension

Building

Block

Housing

The Smart Growth Network (2011) includes mixed-use development as one of its ten principles for smart growth, and summarizes the relationship between smart growth and mixed land uses as follows: Smart growth supports the integration of mixed land uses into communities as a critical component of achieving better places to live. By putting uses in close proximity to one another, alternatives to driving, such as walking or biking, once again become viable. Mixed land uses also provide a more diverse and sizable population and commercial base for supporting viable public transit. It can enhance the vitality and perceived security of an area by increasing the number and attitude of people on the street. It helps streets, public spaces, and pedestrian-oriented retail again become places where people meet, attracting pedestrians back onto the street and helping to revitalize community life.

Housing

The shared premise dimension The horizontal dimension The vertical dimension and The time dimension

Working

1. 2. 3. 4.

I.Shared premises Dimension (point)

Housing

individual land uses that are being mixed, and while their typology utilizes housing (residential) and working (office) for the sake of simplicity, the model is flexible enough to be extended to any other combination of uses. The dimension component is composed of four elements:

Density District

Interweaving

Grain

City

III.Vertical Dimension Housing

Success of Mixed-Use development depends on - first, the uses within the mixed-use development must align with the needs of the people residing in and around it; second, the people must actually decide to walk or bike to their destination instead of drive; and third, the amount of people driving to the development from other areas must not negate the benefits created by the residents of the development choosing to walk.

Working

Building

Block

Parking

District

Density

Interweaving

Grain

City

IV. Time Dimension Day, week,

month, year

etc

Working Housing

Building

Block

District

City

Building

Block

District

City

Interweaving Density Grain

Figure 4: Hoppenbrouwer and Louw’s Mixed-use Model, Source: Hoppenbrower, 2005

THE LIVE-WORK-PLAY URBAN CONCEPT there are numerous benefits for mixed-use: it minimises the need for transport and infrastructure is optimised; it increases walkability as daily activities are brought closer together; and it enhances social networks when opportunities for chance face-to-face meetings are increased. Experiencing a mixed-use development is easy, instinctive and enjoyable because of the effortlessness when moving around in it. “A mixed-use development is a real estate project with planned integration of some combination of retail, office, residential, hotel, recreation or other functions. It is pedestrian-oriented and contains elements of a live-workplay environment. It maximises space usage, has amenities and architectural expression, and tends to mitigate traffic and sprawl.” (Niemira 2007, p. 54) The level of integration, transition, density, intensity and diversity within those mixed-use developments determines the characteristics described by planners. These include: • Grain – level of integration (fine/close, medium, coarse) • Sharpness – level of transition from one use to the next (sharp to blurry)

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• • •

Density – level of compactness (horizontal to vertical) Intensity – level of development use (in terms of retail – neighbourhood shops to regional shopping centres) Diversity – level of mix of components

Live-work-play communities are rooted in the idea that people are happier living in a neighborhood that provides for most of their needs.

According to PwC, When we move toward the 30-minute city we start seeing the reverse. People see more friends and spend more time with family. They invest more time on education, leisure or keeping fit. They take the job that makes them feel more satisfied. They become more productive. Ultimately, a 30-minute city has more social cohesion, stronger social capital and a happier, healthier population. It’s also more appealing as a place where people from around the globe want to live. To start the important conversation on citizencentric cities, PwC created CityPulse, a data tool

Figure 5: Live-work-concept with respect to their relative distance | Source: Rogers, R 1998, Cities For A Small Planet, Basic Books.

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that allows a deep, neighbourhood-level understanding of our major cities across three measures – Live, Work and Play. Fig.6 below, shows the parameters and indicators used in the tool.

Why did we start zoning our cities when traditonally all our cities have been in a sense mixed-use? It wasn’t until the industrial revolution that industry and trade were separated from homes. Advances in mechanical and agricultural technologies brought on board processes that were highly toxic and dirty, while instances of plague and infestation grew, as larger volumes of food were stored to feed a growing urban population. Large-scale industrial automation also required special access and ample spaces to accommodate large and noisy machinery and production systems.

To address these issues, cities around the world began to segregate uses, by either locating different functions in separate buildings, or through the regulatory zoning of land. Times are changing Much has changed since industrial times. The gradual move from a “manufacturing” to a “services” era, the growth of specialised fields of expertise and advances in communication have all meant that organisations could operate at a smaller scale, giving more people the opportunity to work from home.

Figure 6: Parameters of cityplus data tools | Source:PwC

Public places

Placemaking inspires people to collectively reimagine and reinvent public spaces as the heart of every community. Strengthening the connection between people and the places they share, placemaking refers to a collaborative process by which we can shape our public realm in order to maximize shared value. More than just promoting better urban design, placemaking facilitates creative patterns of use, paying particular attention to the physical, cultural, and social identities that define a place and support its ongoing evolution. Public space is inherently multidimensional. Successful and genuine public spaces are used by many different people for many different purposes at many different times of the day and the year. Because public spaces harbor so many uses and users—or fail to do so—they are also where a staggering cross-section of local and global issues converge. Public space is for negotiating the interface between our homes, our businesses, our institutions, and the broader world. Public space is how we get to work, how we do our errands, and how we get back home. Public space is where nearly half of violent crimes happen. Public space is where policing ensures safety for some but not others. Public space is for buying and selling, or for meeting, playing, and bumping into one another. Public space is for conveying our outrage and our highest aspirations, as well as for laying the most mundane utilities and infrastructure. And when we let it, public space can be a medium for creativity, expression, and experimentation. In short, public space is where so many tragedies and triumphs of the commons play out. And that’s why getting it right matters.

Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.

-Jane Jacobs

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Figure 7: What makes a place, source: Project for public places

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Placemaking is • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Community-driven Visionary Function before form Adaptable Inclusive Focused on creating destinations Context-specific Dynamic Trans-disciplinary Transformative Flexible Collaborative Sociable

Placemaking is not

Figure 8: The place diagram, source: Project for public places

The Place Diagram is one of the tools PPS has developed to help communities evaluate places. The inner ring represents a place's key attributes, the middle ring its intangible qualities, and the outer ring its measurable data.

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Top-down Reactionary Design-driven A blanket solution or quick fix Exclusionary Car-centric One-size-fits-all Static Discipline-driven One-dimensional Dependent on regulatory controls A cost/benefit analysis Project-focused 45

To be successful, cities need destinations. They need destinations that give an identity and image to their communities, and that help attract new residents, businesses, and investment. A destination might be a downtown square, a main street, a waterfront, a park, or a museum. What makes each destination successful is that it has multiple places within it. For example, a square needs at least 10 places: a café, a children’s play area, a place to read the paper or drink a cup of coffee, a place to also sit, somewhere to meet friends, etc. Within each of the places, there should be at least 10 things to do.

Figure 10: Activating a space with 10 places, source: Project for public places

Most great places, whether a grand downtown plaza or humble neighborhood park, share four key attributes:

Figure 9: Active nodes, source: Project for public places

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1. They are accessible and well connected to other important places in the area. 2. They are comfortable and project a good image. 3. They attract people to participate in activities there. 4. They are sociable environments in which people want to gather and visit again and again.

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Access & Linkages

Comfort & Image

Uses & Activities

Sociability

One can judge the accessibility of a place by noting its connections to its surroundings, including the visual links. A great public space is easy to get to, easy to enter, and easy to navigate. It is arranged so that one can see most of what is going on there, both from a distance and up close. The edges of a public space play an important role in making it accessible. For eg. a row of shops along a street is more interesting & generally safer to walk along. Accessible spaces can be conveniently reached by foot and public transit, and they have high parking turnover.

A space that is comfortable and looks inviting is likely to be successful. A sense of comfort includes perceptions about safety, cleanliness, and the availability of places to sit. A lack of seating is the surprising downfall of many otherwise good places. People are drawn to places that give them a choice of places to sit, so they can be either in or out of the sun at various times of day or year.

A range of activities are the fundamental building blocks of a great place. Having something to do gives people a reason to come (and return) to a place. When there is nothing interesting to do, a space will sit empty. That’s the best measure that something is wrong. A carefully chosen range of activities will help a place attract a variety of people at different times of the day. A playground will draw young kids during the day, while basketball courts draw older kids after school, and concerts bring in everyone during the evening.

This is the most important quality for a place to achieve—and the most difficult. When a place becomes a favorite spot for people to meet friends, greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with strangers, then you are well on your way to having a great place.

Inferences

- Public spaces should be visible from a distance to invite people. - Space should be usable by people using the adjascent buildings - Space should be easily accessible by pedestrians - Space should be elderly and child friendly

- Paths through the public space should lead people to their destinations. - People should be able to reach the site by a variety of transportation modes - There should be enough spaces to sit. - Space should percieve to be safe with enough eyes on street. - Space should provide a reason to be there to all age groups 47

TYPES OF PUBLIC SPACES

Following aspects needs to be met in a public space:

Passive Engagement -

All individuals should be able to engage with space without actually doing anything.

Active Engagement -

Provisions of activities, elements that help users to participate. Discovery helps users to discover new experiences every time they use a space. An element of surprise is necessary to keep the user interested.

Community spaces: Workers chatting, people Publicness of a space signifies that it is accessible by all. The spaces that are used by public and owned by them are in true sense public in nature. The streets, roads, gardens, open spaces, with interplay of activities of human forms these space. Movement, resting, commuting, workplace and socialization are few of the ways in which each individual accesses and uses the space. Public ammenities like shops, cafeterias, restaurants, markets, services, seating spaces and also architectural features like fountains, public art,scultural furniture, play equipment,etc. encourage engagement with the space, learning through play and informal social change (Carmona M & Wunderlich, 2012). BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

commuting, pedestrian movements, cleaning, eating in a group, relaxing under the shade of a tree, are few of the background activites within a community space. They do not have a defined function or use to that space. They are characterised by communal interaction and neighbourliness and enhance the sociability factor, which in effect improves the overall quality of living conditions of the society. Properly maintained community spaces give opportunity to get together and help in community building. Defined spaces allow children to engage in sport activities while the women and elderly can go out for a morning or an evening walk without any constraints. Walkable and safe spaces can lead to optimal utilization of the spaces provided.

Consumption spaces : are dominated by the

retail and catering functions like small eateries, outlets, food trucks, restaurants, cafeterias etc. Within and around the. They exhibit public art and they have the most active frontages and exhibit vibrant character.

Civic spaces: provide a setting for civic

activities for the society. They reflect the historical ground and sense of place and also the culture and economic conditions of the neighbourhood. These spaces feature significant amount of greenery and public art and maintain a a background level for noise while performing the activities. Provision of spaces safe from the vehicular network and providing comfortable environment to perform the tasks and also availability of seating spaces affects a lot when it comes to the use of a civic space.

Corporate spaces: Are located in large

corporate estates or adjascent to major office buildings.They are dominated by major corporate functions happeing around them. These spaces are mostly privately owned and are only accessible to the people working there. They constitute of a mix of open and covered spaces. They foster communication as a result of better solutions to specific problems.

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DESIGN FOR WALKABILITY

Better understanding how micro-scale built environment characteristics influence user perceptions of quality could potentially lead to both improved user experience and more walking. Walkability is a multi-faceted concept that includes several elements of the built environment. Moudon et al. (2006) operationalized walkability as comprising three elements: origin/destination, area and route. Similarly, Southworth (2005) identified six attributes of walkability: connectivity; linkages to other modes; 1. fine-grained and varied land use patterns; 2. safety; quality of path; 3, and path context (e.g. visual interest, landscaping, spatial definition, etc.). At the micro-scale, then, the relevant built environment elements of walkability are route characteristics relating to safety, quality and context. (Adkins et al, 2012)

Figure 11: Walkable realm | source: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/street-design-elements/sidewalks/

1 Create fine-grained

2 Orient buildings to street

3 Place parking behind or

4 Designing for human scale

Frequent and densely interconnected pedestrian routes are fundamental to walkability, shortening both actual and perceived distances. This can be accomplished by making city blocks smaller or by providing access through blocks via publicly accessible alleys, or pathways coupled with frequent crosswalks. Ideally provide a choice of route about once per minute, which is every 60-90m at a moderate walking pace. This not only allows pedestrians efficient access but also provides visual interest and a sense of progress as new structures and intersections come into view with reasonable frequency.

In walkable urban environments, buildings are placed right at the edges of streets and public spaces, rather than being set back behind parking lots or landscaping. These built edges provide a sense of definition to streets and other spaces, which helps makes the environment more legible and coherent. At all scales, edges help reinforce circulation routes while allowing easy pedestrian access to buildings. Building entrances are on or next to sidewalks. Setbacks from the street are short and exist only to provide public space or a transition from public to private life.

In newer development, good places for people depend heavily on the artful accommodation of cars. Parking is an expensive, space-hungry and unattractive use — and it’s a key driver of site planning and project finances. It should be provided in multilevel structures where possible and placed where it will not disrupt pedestrian spaces. Well-designed garages can serve multiple buildings, draw people onto streets and allow parking to be managed efficiently. Once they have parked, every driver becomes a pedestrian, so pedestrian garage exits should be located to support and enliven public spaces.

People experience the built environment at the scale of their own bodies in space. Buildings should meet and engage people at that scale, with awnings, façade elements, lighting, signage and other features along sidewalks. Building forms can be broken down or subdivided visually to lighten the sense of mass. Even very large buildings can meet the human scale in a gracious and accommodating manner.

and open spaces

below buildings

WALKABILITYPRINCIPLES

pedestrian circulation

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5 Provide clear, continuous

pedestrian access

6 Build complete streets

7 Organize uses to support

public activity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A complete street provides safe, comfortable, attractive and convenient access and travel for pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit users of all ages, abilities and preferences. The design of a complete street considers both the public right-of-way and the land uses and design of adjoining properties, including appropriate building heights and the planning of adjoining land uses that actively engage the public street realm.

The way uses are arranged on a site has a major impact on the activity, vitality, security and identity of surrounding streets and spaces. Active uses (such as retail, lobbies and event spaces) should be placed strategically along pedestrian routes to engage the public and should be designed for transparency and interest. Secure, private spaces should be placed at site interiors, away from public streets. Residential entrances should be designed to provide a graceful transition from public to private. Stoops, front porches, balconies and lobbies can all provide privacy while supporting

Figure 12: creating fine grain pedestrian circulation | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/one Figure 13: Orient building to streets & open spaces | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/two Figure 14: Place parking behind or below buildings | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/three Figure 15: Designing for human scale | Source: http://www.designforwalkability. com/four Figure 16: Clear continous pedestrian access | Source: http://www.designforwalkability.com/five Figure 17: Building complete streets | Source: http://www.designforwalkability. com/six Figure 18: Organisation of functions to support walkability | Source: http://www. designforwalkability.com/seven

sociability and greater security by increasing the number of “eyes on the street.” Certain uses, such as garages and cinemas, should be tucked deeply away, but their points of access can be major nodes of activity. Loading and utility spaces should be hidden from pedestrian frontages.

Social logic of Retail

Marketplaces are an integral part of the society. Not only do they fulfill the demands of the people, but also serve as spaces for social gatherings and interactions.

RETAIL TYPOLOGIES 1 Linear or Street Market Typology • Outdoor • Non-controlled Environment • A lot of informal shops 2 Community Centre Markets • Outdoor • Partly Controlled Environment • Complemented by informal shops proportionately Shopping Centres 3 • Predominantly Indoor • Controlled Environment • Very less informal shopping

• • •

it results in higher degree of bargain. (Sevtsuk, 2014) Uniformity and familiarity of a place for a customer is more beneficial for the retail outlets. Better access to surrounding destinations will have higher probabilities for retail locations in urban settings. Likely to cluster where footfall is high.

TYPES OF DISPLAY ON SHOPS 1. 2. 3. 4.

All product display - e.g Chanel stores Symbolic display - e.g in gadget stores Information display - e.g in subway stores Selected product display - e.g H&M Stores

MIX OF SHOP SIZES

FACTORS AFFECTING ARRANGEMENT & CLUSTERING OF RETAIL • • • • • BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Age, gender, customer preferences, nature of products, habits, interests.(Douglas, 1997) Accessibility and natural movement to the retail outlet. Multipurpose shops often tend to cluster together.(Eaton & Lipsey, 1982) Clustering of complementary stores that sell related, but not competing goods often attract retailers. Competitive clustering attracts more people as

Small shops - <60sqm Medium shops 60-200sqm Large shops >200sqm

Figure 19: Survey results showing shop sizes across markets source: Social logic of Retail, seminar 2020, SPA,Delhi

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CLUSTERING MODELS FOR RETAIL Kechum’s model

According to Kechum’s model, retail typology can be classified as Demand based, Convinience based and impulse based. Demands stores, house products of neccesity and hence irrespective of their location, people would find their way to these stores, convinience stores provide people with products they use but arent neccesary while impulse stores houses products which people buy out of impusle or desire, hence convinience and impulse stores are usually placed in the right-of-way of the demand stores. Figure 20: Ketchum’s model attributes Source: Social logic of Retail, seminar 2020, SPA,Delhi

Figure 21: Ketchum’s model attributes Source: Social logic of Retail, seminar 2020, SPA,Delhi

Transit Oriented Development

Well-integrated transit and land development create urban forms and spaces that reduce the need for travel by private motorized vehicles. Areas with good access to public transit and well-designed urban spaces that are walkable and bike-able become highly attractive places for people to live, work, learn, play, and interact. Such environments enhance a city’s economic competitiveness, reduce local pollution and global greenhouse gas emissions, and promote inclusive development. These goals are at the heart of transit-oriented development (TOD), an urban form that is increasingly important to sustainable urban futures. Transit shapes urban development by enhancing accessibility ; attributes of land, such as residential and job densities and the degree of land-use mixing, affect travel demand.

Reversing automobile-dependent sprawl.

‘Whats fascinating about TOD’s is they’re really nothing new. We did this very successfully 100 years ago. Most of our cities grew rapidly along early streetcar lines and inner urban systems. In the preautomobile age, that’s how cities developed. They were compact and had a mix of land-uses that were physically oriented to transit because there was no other way to get around. So TOD’s are, in many ways, just a new name for traditional urbanism. - Robert Cervero, 2012’ (NIUA, 2016) BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Transit and land-use integration is one of the most promising means of reversing the trend of automobiledependent sprawl and placing cities in developing countries on a sustainable pathway. Although expansion of the urban area of rapidly growing cities in developing countries is unavoidable to some extent, these arguments suggest that the only way to accommodate urban growth is to expand outward. This belief ignores the high life-cycle costs related to expanding the infrastructure network (for example, water pipelines and sewerage networks); operating and maintaining that network; and forgoing the high opportunity costs of expanded urban land use. Density is not the only important element of land use and built environments. Other elements—including carefully articulated land-use mixtures; safe and smooth accessibility to transit stations (enabled by foot paths, cycle paths, and street lights, for example); and amenities such as benches, parks, landscaping, and libraries— contribute to the development of a good built environment. True to the World Bank’s Ecological Cities as Economic Cities (Eco2) concept promoting sustainable urban development through cross-sector integration, this planning approach toward integrated urban space will facilitate the creation of cities that are not only cleaner, more livable, and more inclusive but cities that are more prosperous and economically competitive as well. Create articulated densities. Simply stated, mass transit needs mass. Cities need to promote higher densities along transit-served corridors to ensure a critical mass of trip origins and destinations that will drive up ridership and thus increase cost effectiveness. How densities are organized in relationship to high-capacity transit services, not average densities, matters. Combine higher densities with diverse land uses and pedestrian-friendly design. By themselves, higher densities are insufficient for promoting sustainable urban development. Experience shows that to promote sustainable travel and city form, higher densities must be complemented by diverse land uses, high-quality public places, and pedestrian-friendly street designs. Such physical interventions can shorten trips, encourage non-motorized travel, keep many trips within the TOD neighborhood,

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and increase transit use. Global experiences point to the importance of providing well-integrated, seamless pedestrian connections between surrounding neighborhoods and transit stops. Particularly important are “green connectors,” which provide perpendicular bike-way and pedestrian linkages to transit stations and surrounding areas. Mainstream social development in TOD (make cities inclusive). TOD should not be just about creating economically efficient and environmentally friendly urban spaces. It should also help address the most serious problem facing many cities in developing countries: crippling urban poverty and deprivation. Land markets typically respond by increasing land prices in and around transit stations, which often displaces low-income households. Where possible, city authorities should aggressively pursue affordable housing policies and developer incentives to ensure that affordable housing is built close to transit stops.

Who travels by metro?

Vertical growth, rather than horizontal expansion, is vital to accommodating urbanization pressures and combating the negative impacts of automobile-dependent sprawl. Strategically targeted densities suitable for transit use can create a more compact city.

Expanding Cities, Shrinking Green Space

Experiences show that well-designed TOD not only increases ridership of public transit by drawing more travelers out of cars and into trains and buses, it can also serve as a hub for organizing community development and revitalizing long-distressed urban districts (Bernick and Cervero 1997; Cervero 1998). Mixed land use is a particularly important element of TOD. Intermixing housing, offices, retail shops, and other urban amenities in close proximity to public transit stations integrates long-distance travel by transit and short distance, withinneighborhood travel by foot. Cities should develop typologies of transit station environments and TODs that correspond to local conditions. Physically linking non-motorized transportation with public transit—through dedicated bike lanes that funnel into public transit stations, for example—is another essential part of a highly interconnected and viable transportation network that offers mobility options to the private car. Density, however, is but one dimension of the built environment that influences travel. Other variables that shape travel demand are diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit. Design features that are integral to TOD, like buildings that go up to the sidewalk line (that is, no set-backs), offer comfortable and secure walking corridors with clear sight lines. They also bring destinations together and, by creating side friction (parallel movements that prompt vehicles to slow down and encourage pedestrian activities), slow traffic.

Figure 22: Urban density and transport-related energy consumption in selected cities Source: Work Bank report - transforming the Urban Space by Transit Oriented Development 2017

(TOD)—compact, mixed-use, pedes-trian - friendly development organized around a transit station 55

Benefits of TOD The social, environmental and economic benefits of TODs together contribute to enhance the overall quality of life in a city. TOD principles support developmental of properties that are located within a 5-10 minutes walking distance of rapid transit corridors and/or high frequency intensive local bus services as those that exist in most major arterial roadways in Indian cities.

SOCIAL BENEFITS Increased mobility choices for all Increased disposable household income - TOD can effectively

Reduced road & infrastructure costs - TOD can can help

reduce infrastructure costs (such as water, sanitary, sewer & roads) of the city by more compact and infill development.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS Reduced rates of vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) Space Efficiency - less land is required to move the same number of people as relative to a large number of automobiles to carry the same number of people.

increase disposable income of a household by reducing costs incurred on travel.

Energy Efficiency - Less energy/person is used by transit as

Increased health benefits - TOD promotes a healthy lifestyle by

Better air quality - Since less energy is required to move people,

making it convinient to walk and by providing the infrastructure that provides ‘eyes on the street’ that increases ones overall sense of security and safety in an area.

Increased housing choices for all - Encouraging high quality diverse housing products (mixed income, owner occupied, rental and workforce housing) within TODs is an important goal.

ECONOMIC AND FISCAL BENEFITS Increased land values and property tax revenues - access to transit results in a significant inicrease in the land values of nearby properties, provided the transit system has good regional connectivity and frequency of service. Increased transit ridership - Placement of more people close to transit and providing mixed-use amenities justifies higher service frequencies and promotes high ridership enabling transit to be more competitive with the automobile. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

compared to cars

less fuel is burned and hence less pollution.

Conservation of resource lands and reduced urban sprawl - Povision of more compact patterns of growth at urban infill sites conserves agricultural and natural lands that would otherwise be consumed by sprawing development. (NIUA, 2017)

The Figure 22 on the right, shows the constructs in a TOD framework for Indian Smart Cities. All though analysed individually in this publication (for the ease of understanding), these constructs are all connected. A comprehensive approach to their adoption is integral to the success of a TOD. The illustration shows the relationship amongst the constructs and the components essential to them. Implementation of one may even act as a pre-requisite for another. For, example, improving pedestrian and bicycle mobility is tied to the implementation of urban design in an area for building comfortable and safe bike lanes and sidewalks. By mapping these components, the components under them and the interactions, we can begin to form a clear picture of their interdependence (NIUA, 2016)

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Figure 23: Constructs in a TOD framework for indian smart cities | Sourcce: NIUA,2016

CPTED

CPTED is an acronym for crime prevention through environmental design which asserts that “the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life” (Crowe, 2000, p. 46). CPTED acknowledges that all space has a defined purpose and can either function to promote appropriate use, or in the event of bad design, let abnormal behavior take place. By assessing the elements of natural surveillance, access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance, simple alterations can increase public safety. NA E TU C R N A Part Criminals of creating a are less likely to controlled space is attempt a crime if they focusing on entry and exit are at risk of being seen. points into buildings, parks, Likewise, we are likely to parking lots, and feel safer when we can neighbourhoods. see and be seen CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental A The Design well-maintained use of physical property creates a sense attributes to create of territory for legitimate defined lines between users of that space and shows owned and public that the owner or manager spaces,such as fences, caresfor and will defendthe signage, landscaping, property against crime lighting etc.

CES

NATURAL SURVI

Crime Prevention Through Environmnetal Design

What is CPTED?

L RIA

M AINTENAN CE

R EIN F O R C E M E N

S C O NTROL

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TE R

Figure 24: CPTED Principles Souce: Author

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Territoriality is a design concept directed at reinforcing notions of proprietary concern and a “sense of ownership” in legitimate users of space thereby reducing opportunities for offending by discouraging illegitimate users.

Surveillance

Physical design has the capacity to promote informal or natural surveillance opportunities for residents and their agents and surveillance is part of capable guardianship (Painter and Tilley, 1999). If offenders perceive that they can be observed (even if they are not), they may be less likely to offend, given the increased potential for intervention, apprehension and prosecution. Different types include natural (e.g. residents’ self-surveillance opportunities as facilitated by windows) formal or organised (e.g. police patrols) and mechanical surveillance strategies (e.g. street lighting and CCTV).

Access control

Access control is a CPTED concept focused on reducing opportunities for crime by denying access to potential targets and creating a heightened perception of risk in offenders. Access control can include informal/natural (e.g. spatial definition), formal/organised (e.g. security personnel) and mechanical (e.g. locks and bolts) strategies (the

Activity support

Activity support involves the use of design and signage to encourage intended patterns of usage of public space. Crowe (2000) notes how within reason, activity generation and support seeks to place inherently “unsafe” activities (such as those involving money transactions) in “safe” locations (those with

Territoriality

latter two are discussed under the sub headings surveillance and target hardening respectively).

ON M VIR N E ER ID

ENT

ACTIVITY SUPPORT

SURVIELLANCE

CPTED IMAGE/ MAINTENANCE

discourage the presence of criminals. This approach clearly contains elements of territoriality, access control and surveillance.

Image/management

Promoting a positive image and routinely maintaining the built environment ensures that the physical environment continues to function effectively and transmits positive signals to all users. The significance of the physical condition and “image” of the built environment and the effect this may have on crime and the fear of crime has long been acknowledged (Lynch, 1960)

Target hardening

TERRITORIALITY

Components of CPTED

ACCESS CONTROL TARGET HARDENING

Target hardening increases the efforts that offenders must expend in the commission of a crime and is the most long-established and traditional approach to crime prevention. However, there is much disagreement concerning whether or not target hardening should be considered as a component of CPTED. It is directed at denying or limiting access to a crime target through the use of physical barriers such as fences, gates, locks, electronic alarms and security patrols.

Figure 25: Components of CPTED Souce: Author

high levels of activity and with surveillance opportunities). Similarly, “safe” activities serve as magnets for ordinary citizens who may then act to 59

Faridabad

1607 Founded by Shaikh Farīd

1867

1950

2016

Was constituted as a municipality.

Project for Pakistani refugee settlement.

Included in the second list of Smart Cities Mission.

Figure 26: Faridabad Timeline Source: Author

Figure 27: Delhi metropolitan region Source: Author

Faridabad is the most populous city in the Indian state of Haryana. It is a leading industrial centre and is situated in the National Capital Region bordering the Indian capital New Delhi. Faridabad was founded in 1607 by Shaikh Farīd, treasurer for the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr, to protect the grand trunk road between Delhi and Agra. It was constituted a municipality in 1867. A project for Pakistani refugee resettlement and light industrial development was initiated in the city in 1950. Faridabad is a local market for wheat, sugarcane, and cotton. Its manufactures include machine tools, tractors, motorcycles, steel tubes, textiles, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It is connected by road and rail with Delhi and Mathura (Uttar Pradesh; southeast). BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

The Government of India included it in the second list of Smart Cities Mission on 24 May 2016. Faridabad has been described as the eighth fastest growing city in the world and the third in India by the City Mayors Foundation survey. As per the 2001 Delhi regional plan, Faridabad is part of the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA). It contributes substantial income and revenue to Haryana as over the years it has developed into an industrial, IT, BPO and commercial hub. Several major development projects such as proposed SEZs and Dry Port in the vicinity of Ballabgarh are expected to generate substantial employment in the area. It is anticipated that by 2021, the population of Faridabad planning area will be about 33 Lakhs, roughly twice

the size of the present population. The peak hour motorized transport demand is expected to increase from 1.3 lakh trips to 3.33 lakh trips by this time. Faridabad is also famous for the Annual Surajkund Handicrafts Mela which happens every year in the month of February attract visitors from across the country.

FACTS Population : Area: Density: Elevation:

1,404,653 (by 2011) 742.9 km2 2,421/km2 (6,270/sq mi) 198 m (650 ft)

RESEARCH

Transportation condition in the city Faridabad city is along a spine (NH2 & Railway line) that is radiating outwards from Delhi City bus fleet:250; Private Autos:22,000+, buses per 1000 population:0.14 Road covered with footpath:8%, usable: 5% Average trip length: 14.3 km, average travel speed: 25km/hr Modal share: NMT 35%, PT 11%, Auto 2%, rail 1%, private vehicle 51% City has 3 railway stations & 9 metro stations.

Water availability in the city Total supply: 200 mld FROM 1,412 tube wells and 7 Ranney wells; water demand: 266 MLD; shortfall of 25% Coverage : 70% of population

Energy availability & reduction of outages in the city Household covergae under grid based power - 65.13% No scheduled outages Faridabad has been identified by MNRE for Solar city initiative. Mandatory building plan approval for plot 500sq yards, post installation of Solar heating system & industrial units to provie solar plants. DESIGN DIRECTIVES • Figure 28: Faridabad Vicinity plan Source: https://wricitieshub.org/sites/default/files/ Comprehensive%20Mobility%20Plan%20for%20Faridabad%20-%20Ballabgarh%20 Complex.pdf

• •

Faridabad being a city along a spine, makes it an ideal city structure for implementation of Transit Oriented Development, with peak hour motorized transport demand expected to increase to 3.33 lakh trips, promoting NMT & public transport is the need of the hour. Observed shortage of water calls for a water sensitive design. Integrating solar energy systems in the design would support the solar city initiative by MNRE. 61

Faridabad Industrial Hub ‘Faridabad aspires to be an innovation hub for manufacturing by leveraging its economic strengths and transforming itself to a cleaner, greener city by introducing smarter way of living’

- Municipal Corporation of Faridabad

FACTS Industrial hub for light engineering, electrical appliances, auto component and small textile industries Industrial Model Township (IMT) is being set up at Faridabad. Ranks as 9th largest industrial estate in Asia with combined turnover to be about Rs.1,500 billion. Micro Manufacturing enterprises 3,879 generating an employment of 48,000, the highest in NCR region. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 29: Faridabad Master Plan Source: www.masterplansofindia. com

Faridabad is the industrial capital of Haryana.50% of the income tax collected in Haryana is from Faridabad and Gurgaon.Faridabad is famous for henna production from the agricultural sector, while tractors, motorcycles, switch gears, refrigerators, shoes, tyres and garments constitute its primary industrial products. Faridabad is home to large-scale companies like Escorts Limited, India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Havells India Limited, JCB India Limited,

Indian Oil (R&D),Larsen & Toubro (L&T),Whirlpool India Ltd., ABB Group, Goodyear India Ltd., Bata India Ltd and Eicher Tractor Ltd. and Beebay Kidswear, Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart and healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad. More than 5,000 units of auto parts producers are based in Faridabad.

‘Faridabad has railway line, National Highway (NH2) and Delhi Metro Rail Line passing through it forming a sound foundation for implementing Transit Oriented Development’

- Municipal Corporation of Faridabad

THREATS

Figure 30: Regional Context Souce: Smart City Mission Hnadbook

OPPORTUNITIES WEAKNESS

STRENGTHS

RESEARCH

• • • •

Strategic location Strong industrial base Excellent connectivity to NCR Availability of tourist complexes eg. Surajkund

• • • •

Inadequate public transport system High pollution (ranked second most polluted in the world by WHO) Low walkability Poor image/perception of the city

• • • • •

Part of DMRC Corridor Revival of lakes & water front development Implementation of TOD To become an industrial innovation hub With availability of super specialty hospitals in Faridabad - scope for promoting medical tourism

• • • •

Presence of other satellite growth centres Drowning industrial output. Deteriorating air quality and public hygiene Scarcity of water & ground water recharge 63

Haryana TOD Policy

The larger objective of TOD is to create an enabling environment for maximum usage of such Transit Systems and to wean away people from the usage of private vehicles.

One of the methods is to re-densify the corridor along these MRTS Projects by increasing the density and FAR. Such re-densification will require levy of dedicated fee and charges which can be one of the sources for augmenting the ‘Urban Transport Fund’. This process of re-densification is also known as Transit Oriented Development (TOD). TOD is also part of the ‘Mission Statement and Guidelines for Smart Cities’ issued by Government of India. The parameters of the policy are detailed as below:-

As per 1. Memo No. CrP(N)/STP(S)/AM Dated 18/3/2019 2. Haryana TOD Policy dated - 09/02/2016 3. HARYANA GOVT. GAZ., (EXTRA.), JULY 18, 2014 (ASAR. 27, 1936 SAKA)

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Definition of TOD Transit Oriented Development is essentially any development, macro or micro that is focused around/along a transit node/corridor and facilitates complete ease of access to the transit facility, thereby inducing people to prefer to walk and use public transportation over personal modes of transport. The primary goals of TOD are to:Reduce/discourage private vehicle dependency and induce public transport use – through design, policy measures and enforcement. Provide easy public transport access to maximum number of people within walking distance – through densification and enhanced connectivity.

Demarcation of TOD Zone

The TOD Zone shall be designated upto 800 metres depth on both sides from the boundaries of the Right of Way (ROW) of the road, on which MRTS corridor is proposed to be provided. This 800 meters proposed TOD Zone has been bifurcated as under, for the purpose of the developments proposed to be carried out:1. Intense TOD Zone : The first 500 metres 2. Transition TOD Zone : Between 500 to 800 metres Mixed land use (residential and commercial only) and FAR 3.5/2.5 shall be permitted upto 30% residential component in licensed colonies in commercial zones and upto 30% commercial component in Residential/Industrial/ Institutional zones of Development Plans. The height restrictions shall be subject to the regulations of the Airport Authority of India and structural stability / fire safety compliances as per applicable laws.

Parking norms

To discourage the dependency on private vehicles and induce the use of public transport, the parking requirements, for the additional FAR proposed to be achieved, shall be calculated on the rationale of carpet area of each dwelling unit, which is as under:

RESEARCH

1. 2. 3. 4.

Upto 100 sq.mtr. : 0.5 Equivalent Car Space (ECS) Between 100 sq.mtr to 150 sq.mtr. : 1.0 Equivalent Car Space (ECS) More than 150 sq. mtrs. : 1.5 Equivalent Car Space (ECS) Further, for commercial areas the norm of 1.00 ECS for each 50 sq. metre carpet area shall be followed.

Under utilization of FAR upto the extent of 15% subject to the full payment of all the charges shall be permissible in case of fresh licenses under this TOD policy. To ensure efficient and optimum use of land, social amenities may not be provided on an individual plot within the TOD zone. Therefore, the social infrastructure of the lower order like crèche, nursery school, primary school etc. May be allocated required built up area within the towers. Open area requirement of such social infrastructure facilities can be integrated into multi-use public spaces provided in the area. This arrangement shall be optional for the project proponent, provided he makes sufficient provision for higher as well as lower order facilities within the project site.

source: Haryana TOD Policy dated - 09/02/2016

Mixed land use In case of mixed land use site/ plot, the ground coverage, FAR, setback and other norms shall be in accordance with the zoning plan issued by Competent Authority. The basement may be allowed to the maximum roof height of not more than 1.5 metres from the ground level for the foot print of the building and after that till the zoned area, the roof of basement shall be flush with the ground level.

source: Memo No. CrP(N)/STP(S)/AM Dated - 18/3/2019

National TOD Policy

Mandatory and Inclusive Housing The cities should fix a minimum percentage (30% or higher) of allowed FAR for affordable housing (for example up to 60 sq.mt. area) in all development/ redevelopment in the influence zones. Housing in the influence zone should have a mix of all economic groups/sections. The development control regulation should stipulate housing for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) as well as LIG/MIG, or other types based on Census definition, in the influence area to give an opportunity to the people who depend on public transport for daily commuting to live in walkable neighborhoods.

Street Oriented Buildings and Vibrant Public Spaces To promote natural surveillance of public spaces, all boundary walls and setbacks should be removed and buildings should be permitted up to the edge of the street. Also, the orientation of the buildings should be such so as to face the pedestrian facilities. Ground floor should support commercial activity, with at least 50% untinted transparent frontage. The frontage of all parking structure/podiums or stilts on the ground floor should support active frontage on all primary streets. Street Vendors: TOD aims at inclusive development wherein all users of the system are benefited. The street vendors are the eyes of the streets; hence the

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

designated spaces should be created for them while designing the streets. However, care should be taken that the integration does not have negative affect on their business. Preserve Open Spaces: All open areas such as amenity spaces, green spaces, playgrounds, parks and natural areas should be preserved as part of TOD. The open space provision within TOD should meet the Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI)2 guideline of 10-12 sq.mt. per person. On-street parking should be prohibited within 100 m of the transit station, except for freight delivery and pickup or drop-off of the differently abled. Give Everyone a Home - Increase the supply of housing stock and commercial space in the city which would bring down prices and make living and working in Delhi more affordable. (Current Need as per Table 18.1 is to provide approx. 3 lakh new dwelling units per year, with more than 50% of the new housing in the form of 1 and 2 room units with average plinth area of about 25 - 40 sq.m.)

RESEARCH

Delhi TOD Policy (for reference) Norms: 4B.1. At least 30% residential and 20% Commercial & Institutional use (min. 5% commercial and min. 5% Institutional use) of FAR is mandatory in every new/ redevelopment project within the Influence Zone. i. New/ Redevelopment projects with more than 1.5 FAR of Commercial use shall be permitted/ located only within the 300 m walking distance from the MRTS station (Intense TOD zone). ii. At least 50% of total street frontage length of any TOD project should have an active frontage, i.e. a mix of at least two types of uses with different peak hours of activity stacked vertically, to provide round-the-clock ‘eyes on the street’.

Typological Studies

Serviced Apartments Living concepts within the urban context are constantly changing as they reflect the social, cultural and economic conditions of their time. Additionally, cities today are facing the need for higher density due to the rapid increase of their population. Serviced living is an innovative concept, based on the idea of outsourcing housework and sharing infrastructure. This living typology has a considerable impact on density, as they offer less living space than the standard apartments, resulting in a higher density within the building area, while accommodating a higher number of tenants.

Micro-living

Micro-living means living in a smaller space with a floor plan that covers only the most necessary services like a sleeping area, kitchen and bathroom. There are no exact specifications of what “micro” is. This is determined by the market in which it exists (Urban Land Institute, 2014, p. 5). Micro-apartments are mostly furnished or semi-furnished studios. In many cases, when services like reception and cleaning service are added to them, they fall into the serviced-apartments category.

Serviced apartments

- Serviced apartments bridge the gap between a conventional apartment in the city and a hotel room. - They are fully furnished apartments, that can be BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

monthly, weekly or in some cases even daily rented offering a contract flexibility. - It could be said that serviced apartments offer a home-like environment with the comfort of hotel utilities. - They are always centrally located and connected with public means of transportation, and they offer in their majority studio or one bedroom apartments. - Often, serviced apartments are also referred to as business apartments, apart-hotels or short-stay apartments.

03 Case Studies 3.1 Case Study matrix 3.2 East Delhi hub, Karkardooma 3.3 Cyber City, Gurgaon 3.4 Futako Tamagawa, Tokyo 3.5 Sliced Porosity, Chengdu 3.6 Marina One, Singapore 3.7 Markthal, Rotterdam

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDY MATRIX

KARKARDOOMA TOD DEVELOPMENT - First TOD project in Delhi

CYBERCITY, GURGAON

SLICED POROSITY, CHINA

MARINA ONE exploring greens with mixed-use development

FUTAKO TAMAGAWA explores the Urban realm and vertical urbanism.

Additional Studies ..........................

CASE STUDIES

THE PIXEL PROJECT, ABU DABHI explores placemaking in the makers district with mixed use development

MARKTHAL, ROTTERDAM

CYBERCITY, GURUGRAM

LOCATION

Delhi, India

Gurugram (H.R), India

TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT

Transit - Oriented Development

Integrated Business district / Cyber Park

SITE AREA

74 Acres / 3,00,000 sqm

128 Acres / 3,82,394 sqm

BUILT UP AREA

5,77,200 sqm

1338379 sqm

FSI

3.5

PARKING SPACES

1.33 ECS / 7680 Cars

2 ECS / 20500 Cars

Block dimensions have been controlled so as to reduce walking distances and promote walkability.

All buildings has pedestrian access, cyberwalks ensure that pedestrian movmement is unrestrcited due to vehicular movment, and all buildings are at a walkable distance from the rapid metro stations.

CONNECTIVITY & MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

SITE INFORMATION

EAST DELHI HUB, KARKARDOOMA

PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

FUTAKO TAMAGAWA

SLICED POROSITY

MARINA ONE, SINGAPORE

Satagawa city, Tokyo, Japan

Changdu, China

Singapore

Transit - Oriented Development

Mixed-Use development

27.6 Acres / 1,12,000 sqm

4.3 Acres / 17500 sqm

26,244sqm

423600 sqm

3,10,000 sqm (195000 sqm above)

4,00,000 sqm

3.8

0.5 ECS / 2100 Cars

1 ECS / 1790 Cars

Vehicular movement is kept to the periphery and the internal street is a 100% pedestrian street, with various public and open spaces in between. it connnects the train station through the retail and office spaces to the residential blocks to the green at the end.

The entire central plaza is public area, to which pedestrians can seamlessly enter through 5 diagonal slices in the buildings.

There is access to central greens from the peripheries and buildings.

CYBERCITY, GURUGRAM

MASS TRANSIT NETWORK

2 1 3 4

PROGRAMME

Road and pedestrial walkways run parallel to each other, entire site is broken into blocks by secondary roads.

DETAILED PROGRAMME

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

•

Commercial

= 132400 sqm (22%)

•

Social/institutional

= 144800 sqm (24%)

•

Residential

= 320000 sqm (54%)

The mix has been derived as per Delhi TOD policy and need identification from context study

PRIMARY ROAD

16 lane road is developed around cyber city. Every building has a seperate vehicular entry, and entry to basements, unhindered fire tneder movement is also ensured.

RAPID METRO STATION

Road and pedestrial walkways run parallel to each other, entire site is broken into blocks by secondary roads.

SECONDARY ROAD

VEHICULAR MOVEMENT

PRIMARY ROAD

CONNECTIVITY & MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

EAST DELHI HUB, KARKARDOOMA

Rapid metro makes a loop around cyber city with 5 stations, these statios are well connected to the buildings through cyberwalks • Offices 60% 803027 sqm • Commercial & Recreation 20% 267676 sqm • Residential 10% 133838 sqm • Others 10% 133838 sqm The mix has been derived as per product mix requirements of cyber cities in Haryana.

CASE STUDIES

SLICED POROSITY

ROAD NETWORK

FUTAKO TAMAGAWA

vehicular road creates a loop around the development with drop off points next to building blockes, keeping the central spine free of vehicles, and free for pedestrians.

Primary road

Secondary Road

MARINA ONE, SINGAPORE

Tertiary Road

Site is placed on a primary road, with a teritary road which goes around the site, vehicular drop offs of the buildings on the tertiary road.

Drop offs from primary roads and access t0 basement parking through secondary roads.

Metro station Bus stops

Futako Tamagawa station is an intersection for two train lines one going to West Tokyo, other to Central Tokyo. •

Commercial

56%

177500 sqm

•

Residential

35%

109400 sqm

•

Hospitality

30,000 sqm

User movement pattern Pedestrian pathways

Site is within 800m of Metro station and bus stops • • • • •

Retail Hotel Office Residential Public Areas

59% 7% 20% 13% 1%

165000 sqm 20700 sqm 55200 sqm 36800 sqm 2300 sqm

Connected to 4 MRT lines •

Office

47%

188000 sqm

•

Retail

14000 sqm

•

Residential

50%

198000 sqm

Chart Title

Chart Title EAST ChartDELHI Title HUB, KARKARDOOMA

CYBERCITY, Chart Title GURUGRAM

PROGRAMME

10%

22%

PRODUCT MIX

22%

10% 1Commerical

10%

Offices Offices

10%

Offices / & Commercial Recreation Commercial Recreation

55%

2Social/Institutional 2 55%

24%

20% 3 3Residential

Commercial & Recreation

20%

60%

Residential Residential Residential 60%

Others OthersOthers

BUILDING FORM & MASSING

ORGANISATION OF PROGRAMME

BUILT-OPEN RELATIONSHIP

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Entire site is broken down into blocks, each block has its own mix, the trend observed is that blocks near to the metro stations, have more commercial functions and blocks away from the metro stations has more residential percentage.

Buildings surrounding cyber hub, have commercial functions on the lower floors, there are seperate entries for public and for the users of the office floors which is regulated through access cards.

The ground coverage is kept less 30%, with lots of green cover. Development is medium grained

The development is coarse grained, with buildings with large floor plates, ground coverage is kept to 40% as per the land policy.

Chart Title FUTAKO TAMAGAWA

SLICED POROSITY

Chart Title

13%

Retail Retail

13%

Commercial Commercial & Offices Commercial 35%

56%

MARINA ONE, SINGAPORE

Chart Title

56%

CASE STUDIES

Chart Title

20%Residential Residential Residential

Retail

Hotel Hotel

Hotel

Office

Office Office

20%

Hospitality

Hospitality Hospitality

59% 7%

59%

50%

47%

office Office office

retail retail Retail

residential

residential Residential

Residential

Residential Residential Public Areas Public PublicAreas areas

More public functions are near the train station, and residential areas are towards the other end. Coarse grained high rise blocks with just 25% ground coverage.

Retail part is kept on the lower most levels, with public functions at the podium level directly connected to the public plaza, horizontal segregation of Hotel, Office and Residential functions is done thereafter, with functions divided into seperate blocks. The built mass is at the periphery wrapping the public plaza.

4 seperate blocks has seperate functions.

The built mass is such that 4 blocks wrap a central green space.

BUILDING FORM & MASSING

EAST DELHI HUB, KARKARDOOMA MASSING

Height of buildings vary from 10-20 floors. Ground coverage is kept low, with high-rise buildings, one iconic building to become the identity of East Delhi 35% of green area are proposed for, these greens are interconnected to create a network of greens.

OPEN & PUBLIC SPACES

DESIGN & ARCHITECTURE FEATURES

CYBERCITY, GURUGRAM

MATERIAL PALLETE

STRUCTURE

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Cyber Hub is the only public space in cyber - city, it is development as a up scale public area with famour restaurants, retail CYBER HUB stores and avenues for gatherings like amphitherates which is always bustling with people, there are two dedicated surface parkings for the Cyber Hub.

Glass facades and use of ACP is found to be the prevelant material pallete in cyber city, Building 14 has tried to use stone and jali as facade elements, which does not look coherent with the context. RCC and steel structures

CASE STUDIES

FUTAKO TAMAGAWA

SLICED POROSITY

MARINA ONE, SINGAPORE

Individual towers with in-between spaces articulated as public spaces.

Its sun sliced geometry results from required minimum daylight exposures to the surrounding urban fabric prescribed by code and calculated by the precise geometry of sun angles.

the 4 blocks going 30 & 20 storeys high, tend to wrap the central green area, while the block get views of both outside marina area and the inside.

Entire podium level is a public area.

The central green heart becomes the public area for the people to be close to nature.

5 3

1 2

Public areas at different grades, articulated for different activites, specially keeping in mind kids and ladies.

Diagrid structures with structural glazing

Regional materials have been used

Mineral matt protection and pure concrete aesthetics & glazing

Steel structures & diagrid structures.

Steel sections & diagrid structures.

prefab steel sections and slabs

SUSTAINABLE MEASURES

EAST DELHI HUB, KARKARDOOMA

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

USER SPECIAL REMAKRS EXPERIENCE

GREEN CERTIFICATIONS

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CYBERCITY, GURUGRAM

75 Phytorids system for waste water recycling is proposed.

Captive power plant District cooling system Zero discharge of waste water through Sewage Treatment Plant with a capacity of 7 mn ltrs. per day Solar power installed with 455 KW capacity

Biogas plant for biodegradable solid waste treatment

Rain Water Harvesting 100% recycled water for landscaping

Not yet completed

Derivation of the area programme has been achieved after an extensive gap analysis of the neighbourhood and precint. It gives a clear guideline as to how can the most appropriate mix for a site can be achieved.

7 Buildings are platinum rated and 4 are gold rated though most parts of the development are not open to public and have restricted entries, cyberhub has a good atmosphere all through the day, though through passive design strategies, it deters a certain section of the society. A major design driver of the site planning has been the access to the site, both pedestrian and vehicular. A seperate entry and exit of each building has been achieved.

CASE STUDIES

FUTAKO TAMAGAWA District cooling

SLICED POROSITY Geothermal heating & cooling Rainwater harvesting High performance glazing

Energy efficient glazing

Heat recovery system, rainwater harvesting system

LEED Gold Neihbourhood development rated

MARINA ONE, SINGAPORE

LEED Gold rated

LEED Platinum, Green Mark Platinum

A very unique approach to derivation of form has been achieved, the central public realm has been crafted out, rather than designing a building and then articulating the public areas, the form also corresponds to its surroundings ensuring that the right to sunshine is not denied because of its structure.

A strong sense of biophilia has been achieved through the built form.

The design is women centric, and feedback from inhabitants is found to be positive.

Table 1: Case study Matrix | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

EAST DELHI HUB, KARKARDOOMA Location

Karkardooma, Delhi Year

under construction Total site area

3,00,000 sqm Total Built-up

6,00,000 sqm Type of Development

Transit Oriented Development Programs

Metro station, Retail, Offices, Housing, Schools and other public functions Figure 31: View of proposed East Delhi Hub | Source: UTTIPEC

Introduction

Reasons for study India’s first TOD project Project has tried to implement various TOD principles and design strategies. Integration of developent with the existing and proposed MRTS line, is similar to the thesis project. Figure 32: Render of proposed East Delhi Hub | Source: UTTIPEC

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

Location & Site

C A

Ref. fig. A & B Site is located in East Delhi, next two two metro lines and adjascent to Anand Vihar metro station & ISBT, making the site accessible by all major mass transit modes. Site is surrounded by dense residential clusters on three sides, with an actice industrial zone on the fourth side. ref. fig. C & D A B

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Recreational

Public

Unknown

D B

Figure 33: A - Area of influence for the Karkardooma station with demarcations of site | Source: DDA Figure 34: B - Metro lines,edge conditions and connections to the neighbourhood. | Source: DDA

Figure 35: C - Land use distribution around the site | Source: DDA

Figure 36: D - Catchment area of the site | Source: DDA

Major catchment area is found to be residential with some public & semi public areas, the residential areas include both planned and unplanned colonies including JJ Clusters.

TOD Concepts adopted

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Block Design Preliminary Design Principles

Boundary wall elimination Setback reduction/ elimination

1. Smaller block sizes for greater connectivity 2. Safety through mixed-use & ‘eyes on the street’ 3. Min. 2-hour winter-sun access to homes

for Safety & Eyes on the street

High Connectivity: smaller block widths = greater permeability

Minimized setbacks and front entries opening on to the street. Commercial streets are designed with zero setbacks.

Figure 37: Width of building blocks adopted | Source: UTTIPEC

Figure 39: Buildings on edge with minimum setbacks | Source: UTTIPEC

Figure 38: Small grain size leading to dense network of streets | Source: UTTIPEC

Figure 40: Buildings on edge with minimum setbacks | Source: UTTIPEC

CASE STUDIES

Parking Design

Solar access

Ground Coverage

Relationship of setbacks with parking & fire access

Minimum 2-hour direct solar access to all living areas.

Setting high minimums

Proposed parking & fire access in absence of setbacks

Neighbourhood layout based on solar access to homes in Winter. Minimum standard = 2 hours of sun on the longest winter day (Dec 21)

Primary Urban Design Guidelines

For non-residential uses Minimum ground coverage = 50% Maximum ground coverage = 80% Maximum block length = 150m

Figure 41: Provisions for fire tender access | Source: UTTIPEC

Figure 42: Ground coverage wrt to built-up areas | Source: UTTIPEC

Figure 43: Shadow analysis for direct solar access to all living areas | Source: UTTIPEC

Both minimum and Maximum ground coverage should be specified - so that better street character and urban design is possible. Minimum Frontage length along main streets where ‘eyes on the street’ is required should be specified - 50%

Building height : distance b/w buildings = 1.2:1 (min) For residential streets - Maximum setback = 2m - Minimum setback = 0m For commercial / mixed-use streets: - setback = 0m

Design Proposals

Various proposals with different applicable developmental controls were compared to arrive at the mst appropriate model to adopt with the right product mix, considering the neighbourhood demand and using gap analysis methods. A

Figure 44: 3D for proposal 1 | Source: DDA

Figure 45: 3D for design option-I | Source: DDA

Figure 46: 3D for design option-II | Source: DDA

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

As per usual MPD, FAR remains low and major component remains residential as per land use. No strategy keeping the transit station in mind is applied. Usable open space achieved is also low due to low FAR Development

Density has been increased 2.5 times as compared to the usal MPD. There is an increase in the usable open area.

A fair mix of functions are considered with residential component reduced to 50%. Neighbourhood, community and district facilities are given preference. Ground covergae has been increased to 35%, while keeping the percentage of usable green spaces same.

CASE STUDIES

Site Planning

OBSERVATIONS & INFERENCES • •

•

• • ROAD NETWORK

NETWORK OF GREENS

Figure 47: Break-up of site into blocks for the entire developent | Source: DDA

Figure 48: Proposed road network | Source: DDA

Figure 49: Proposed network of greens | Source: DDA

Entire site is broken down to smaller blocks to achieve a dense network of roads and pedestrian pathways Each block depending on its relative location from the two proposed metro stations varies from a high commercial component to a high residential component. 5 Acres of greens is given to acts as the breathinig space, apart from that, every residential setting has been provided its individual green areas. A skyway connecting the metro stations and the major streets is also proposed to promote pedestrianisation. Almost no surface parking is proposed.

PRIMARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD

Area Programme and Product Mix

Minimum 15% of FAR for all TOD Projects to be allocated to rental or for sale housing with unit sizes no larger than 25 sq.m. Of this, minimum 5% should be one of the following types:

MANDATORY PRODUCT MIX MAN D

AT O M RY IX

30% 50%

Units with only kitchen and no attached toilets. Toilets to be provided as a shared facility on every floor, segregate for male and female.

•

Units with shared kitchen and dinning space as well as shared tolet facilities. Maximum 8 units to share kitchen and toilet/bathing facility.

•

Dormitories with shared toilets and kitchens

•

Hostels

•

Daily rental homes, which maybe rented in shifts.

50%

50% 20%

HOUSING

•

COMMERCIAL + INSTITUTIONAL

HOUSING

OTHER

COMMERCIAL + INSTITUTIONAL OTHER

Figure 50: Mix of land-use, data source - DDA | Source: Author

MANDATORY HOUSING MIX Out of the 30% mandatory housing component, 15% should be units of 25 sqm or below and 10% should be of 40 sqm or below.

U HO

30%

Unit size 25sqm or below (15%)

10%

Unit size 40sqm or below (10%)

Other (5%)

15%

NG CO M M CI ER AL + IN I ST

TI TU

Figure 51: Mandatory housing mix ,data source - DDA | Source: Author A ON

L R HE OT

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

Figure 52: Area Programme | Source: DDA

Organisation of programme

VERTICAL MIX OF USES MIXED USE A range of compatible uses co-located within one building which improves access to daily conviniences and reduces the requirement for parking. Figure 53: Proposed vertical mix of uses by DDA | Source: Author

OBSERVATIONS & INFERENCES •

As seen in Fig.42, lower levels have been kept for commercial activities and parking

•

As seen in Fig.43, Most of the ground floor is used for commercial and institutional purposes, making the gradation from more public places to less public places.

•

As seen in Fig. 44, More commercial areas are placed around the transit nodes, while institutional areas are dispersed evenly with the residential areas towards the periphery of the site.

RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RETAIL

Ground Floor

PARKING PARKING

HORIZONTAL MIX OF USES

Third Floor

Eigth Floor Figure 54: Floor wise distribution | Source: DDA

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

RESIDENTIAL

Figure 55: Floor wise distribution | Source: DDA

CASE STUDIES

Figure 56: blocking of site| Source: DDA

Figure 58: Dispersion of housing| Source: DDA

Figure 57: Dispersion of commercial areas | Source: DDA

Figure 59: Dispersion of institutional areas | Source: DDA

Plot C - Scheme

Figure 60: Key plan with proposed blocks | Source: DDA

Ground Floor Plan - Plot-C

Figure 61: Ground floor plan plot-C | Source: DDA

Figure 63: First floor plan| Source: DDA

Figure 62: Segregated parking in basement | Source: DDA

Figure 64: Movement structure | Source: DDA

Segregated parking in basement

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

First floor plan

Movement structure

CASE STUDIES

Second floor plan

Third floor plan

Figure 65: Second floor plan| Source: DDA

Figure 67: Third floor plan| Source: DDA

4th - 8th typical floor plan

Figure 68: 4th - 8th typical floor plan| Source: DDA

Segregation of entries & safety of residential area Pedestrian entry points to the residential part of the block, which can be gated or manned.

OBSERVATONS & INFERENCES More public functions are kept to the periphery, with residences towards the centre. Vertical mix of program also suggests hierarchy of public to private functions. Residential area is designed in a way that it could be locked during nights. Central green area is provided exclusively for the residences.

Figure 66: Segregation of entries & safety of residential area | Source: DDA

TOWN HOUSES - TYPE 1 (2 UNIT+CORE) - 43Sq.Mt. Each

Proposed Typologies

Figure 70: Townhouse plan type-1 | Source: DDA

TOWN HOUSES - TYPE 2 (2 UNIT+CORE) - 100Sq.Mt. Each

Figure 69: Live-work typology | Source: DDA

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 71: Town house plan type-2 | Source: DDA

CASE STUDIES

CYBER CITY Location

DLF Phase II, Gurugram, India Year

2003 Total site area

128 acres

Project Management Consultancy

AECOM

Client/Developer

DLF

Type of Development

Integrated Business district/mixed use Programs

Offices, retail & recreation Figure 72: Cybercity gurgaon | Source: www.dlfcybercity.com accessed on 22-02-2020

Introduction

Reasons for study Mixed-use development project. Successful Integration of MRTS. Active Quasi-public realm

DLF Cybercity Gurugram, which is India’s largest integrated business district was developed in 2003. Presently it houses more than 300 clients including top International and Indian clients. The five pillars of success of DLF Cybercity Gurugram are infrastructure, Safety, Sustainability, Security and Customer Centricity. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 74: Site plan of Cyber city | Source: Source:www.dlfcybercity.com/cybercity-overview.aspx (accessed on 25-01-20)

Figure 73: view of Cyber city | Source: Source:www.dlfcybercity.com/cybercity-overview.aspx (accessed on 25-01-20)

CASE STUDIES

Location & Context

• • • • •

DLF Cybercity is located on the periphery of the 3000 acre DLF City in Gurgaon. Connected through a 16 Lane Expressway on the NH8. Accessible from both South and Central Delhi. Well connected through Metro with Sikanderpur as the nearest station. In close proximity to 5 Star Hotels like the Leela, Trident and Oberoi.

Figure 75: Site with respect to the city | Source: Author

Key 1. Ambience Mall 2KM Radius 2. HSIIDC Hotels Complex Important 3. DLF Fire Schools station 4. Police station Religious Icons 5. DLF Phase 2 Metro stations 6. DLF Phase 3 Hospitals 7. Aravali biopark 8. Trident Hotel Petrol pumps 9. Radisson Blue Cyber city Hotel NH-48 10. Oberoi Hotel 11. Cyber Hub Cyber Hub Rapid Metro Secondary Rd. station Figure 76: Site & its context | Source: Author

Connectivity & Accessibility

Figure 78: Traffic pattern on 01-02-2020 9AM | Source: google maps

Cyber city is well connected to the Indira Gandhi international airport by road. It falls on NH8 which connects Delhi and Jaipur, also a part of the SEZ zone. Cyber city has a 16 lane, no stopping road connecting various parts of the development. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 79: Traffic pattern on 01-02-2020 11PM | Source: google maps

Figure 77: Vehicular connectiions and entry points | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/ master-plan.aspx

CASE STUDIES

Figure 80: Pedestrian and rapid metro connectivity | Source: DLF Cybercity

Rapid metro - Mass Rapid transit system Figure 81: Rapid metro | Source: DLF Cybercity

• • •

Connected to Delhi Metro with common ticketing system. Train Frequency of every 3 mins running from 6 am to 12 midnight. 6 operational Stations connecting 6 Cybercity Buildings.

• • •

Catering to 25000 commuters per day with total capacity of 150,000 commuters. Pedestrian walkways connecting each building with metro station. Saves up to 80% travel cost per month for employees & employers. 101

Promoting pedestrianisation through cyberwalks

Landscape and Cyberwalk Each of the Cyberwalks is equipped with anti-skid and tactile floors, CCTV cameras, elevators, ramps and escalators, to add safety, security and comfort to the lives of Cybercity workforce and visitors alike

Figure 82: Cyber walk | Source: Author

Benefits • • • • •

Inculcate the habit of walking among the desk-bound working professionals. Discourage commuters from crossing roads that have vehicular traffic movement. Minimize vehicular usage for commuting within Cybercity. Add pleasing landscapes and greenery amidst a majorly urban area. Function as an unwinding and socializing zone.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 83: Street elevation showing the nature of cyberwalk around its context | Source: Author

CASE STUDIES

Area Programme & Product mix

SITE AREA : (Source: DLF pvt. ltd.)

ChartMIX Title PROGRAM

Cyber city: 382394 sqm

60% 60%

Permissible ground coverage: 40% Achieved ground coverage: 30% - 1141718 sqm.

60%

Permissible FAR - 3.5

Office Commercial Recreational Other

Parking - 20500 ECS

Figure 84: Program mix | Source: Author

Programme mix -

Offices - 60% Food & Entertainement - 20% Services - 1% Residential - 11%

Land use information -

Corporate Park - 271400 sqm. Commercial - 9770 sqm. Surface parking - 14360 sqm. open area - 136150 sqm.

Footfall -

Office

Commercial

Recreational

Title BUILT -Chart OPEN RATIO

Other

37% 63% Open Built

Built

Open

Figure 85: Built-Open ratio | Source: Author

Chart Title FOOTFALL

1.5 lakh+, 20000 daily average of Cyber Hub

Sustainability -

35%

Solar panels installed with 455KW capacity Total generation - 414558 kwh STP - 7 million litres/day presence of rain water harvesting pits

65%

Weekends Weekdays Figure 86: Footfall | Source: Author

weekdays

weekends

103

Site Planning

•

Site planning is done in a way that all buildings can be directly accessed by vehicles as well as the rapid metro. All buildings have acess to some green areas, there is a central recreational hub, which is the Cyber Hub which remains active throghout the day. Block X was initially proposed to be the residential component of the entire development, which was later excluded from the cyber city, and were leased as seperate plots, belvedere tower and belvedere park are the onl residential component of the development. Part of the site planning is the DLF Fire station, it is the onl private fire station in India which houses all the technology to fight fires in the development. There are 2 surface parking at the two ends of Cyber Hub, the parking rates are set so as to promote parking only for short durations like for people coming to eat or shop. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 87: zoning of cyber city | Source: DLF Cyber city

key Operational building (non SEZ)

Open/green area

Operational Building (SEZ)

Rapid metro station

Surface Parking

Residential

Rapid metro line

16 lane road

Hotels & recreation

Skywalks (Cyberwalks)

CASE STUDIES

Organisation of Programme

BELVEDERE TOWERS

EPITOME CYBER GREENS

BUILD 7B BUILD 7A BUILD 10 INFINITY TOWERS

•

All buildings forming the DLF Cyber city are offices spaces housing mostly multi-national and fortune 500 companies and remain exclusive to the office users which have regulated access. The only public part of the development is the Cyber Hub which is open to public, though is fairly exclusive to a certain strata of the society. Cyber Hub is nestled between Building 8 & Building 10 and has direct access from National Highway 48. All surface parking is meant for the Cyber Hub. All other buildings have basement parkings for their employees and visitors and the entry to the basmeent is also checked. Buildings are organised such that all buildings can work independently having their independent basements, entry points and drop-offs. The entire development is connected by cyberwalks to promote pedestrianisation, and to ensure that there is signal free movement of vehicals on the 16 lane road.

CYBER HUB

GATEWAY TOWER NH 8 INDUSIND METRO STATION

Figure 88: Dispersion of masses | Source: Author

Figure 89: Cybercity at night | Source: DLF Cybercity

105

Activity Mapping

Figure 91: Bustle of Cyberhub at night | Source: Author

Weekdays - day time

Entire cyber city is bustling with people, with peak activity observed from 10am till 6pm.

Weekdays - night time

Cyber city is moderately active through the night, cyber hub being active till midnight, and some offices which operate 24x7, keep the place active.

Friday Nights

Maximum activity is observed, specially in cyber hub on friday nights, when most people are in the TGIF (Thank God Its Friday) mode.

Weekend - day time

Cyber City is the least active on weekends, with very few people in the city, most offices remain closed. While cyber hub is bustling with activity, with visitors who come to eat and enjoy, various activities for kids also takes place over the weekends.

Weekend - Night time Figure 90: Activity mapping | Source: Abhinav Bansal

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Cyber hub is found to be bustling with people because of the recreational opportunities present. Cyber city remains moslty inactive.

CASE STUDIES

public entry to cyber hub Office entry to cyber hub Service lane Security check to enter hub Two main pedestrian paths in cyber hub Drop off for office Drop off for public

DLF Cyber Hub

Figure 92: Cyber Hub sit planning | Source: Author

Cyber Hub is a unique, one-of-itskind concept in India. A premium socializing zone that has food & entertainment at its core. However, it is the ambience that makes Cyber Hub an unparalleled experience and an ideal destination for art and cultural shows, media launches, displays, lifestyle shoots. TV programmers. Source: https://www.dlfcyberhub.com/ aboutus.php (accessed on 25-01-2020)

•

• •

Cyber hub has got two surface parking provisions at the two ends of the high street, the street width is 40m with kiosks in the middle, dividing it into two streets of 15m each. Building 8 and Building 10 which makes the edges of the hub, have pedestrian access through them, linking the place to other buildings. These buildings have retail and food outlets on the lowers floors, with access from the cyber hub front. While access to offices which have limited access are kept towards the outer periphery to avoid tresspassing.

•

The location of the hubs keep the place active all days during all times of the day, its catchemnt does not remain limited to the people working in Cyber City, but attracts people from the entire city. Cyber hub is designed with converging open air theatres, which becomes places for people to congregate to celebrate festivals, carnivals and other promotional events to take place. Street is also designed to have seating areas where people could sit and have informal meetings

107

CyberHub -

Organisation of programme

A’ GROUND FLOOR PLAN Figure 93: Ground Floor Plan | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php

A similar trend of more public to less public functions is seen, with pubs on the second floor with roof top, open air seatings and family restaurants on the lower levels is observed. Food court is placed on the mid level, locating it at a less prime area. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Figure 94: First Floor Plan | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php

SECOND FLOOR PLAN Figure 95: Second Floor Plan | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/shop.php

CASE STUDIES

Figure 96: Cyberhub at evening | Source: https://dlfcyberhub.com/ shop.php

Figure 99: Activity on a weekday in cyberhub | Source: Author

Figure 97: Open seating next to OAT | Source: Author

Green wall

Terrace garden

SS Tree shaped installations with bouganvelia Tensile fabric Inaccessible green teraccing

PUBS

Figure 98: First floor corridor with steel tree installations with bougenvelia on one side | Source: Author

RESTAURANTS

OFFICES

RETAIL & RESTAURANTS

10m

14m

SECTION A-A’ Figure 100: Section A-A’ | Source: Author

12m

14m

109

Activity Mapping Office goers Visiting for leisure A

Figure 101: Amphitheatre in a weekend afternoon | Source: Author

Figure 102: Amphitheatre on a weekend evening | Source: www. dlfcybercity.com accessed on 22-03-2020

Figure 103: Activity on a weekday at 9am | Source: Author

Figure 106: Activity on a weekend at 9am | Source: Author

Figure 104: Activity on a weekday at 1pm | Source: Author

Figure 107: Activity on a weekend at 1pm | Source: Author

Figure 105: Activity on a weekday at 7pm | Source: Author

Figure 108: Activity on a weekend at 7pm | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

Sustainable & Safety measures

•

India's first Private Fire Station with a 90 meter high Hydraulic Skylift that can reach up to 30 floors

•

DuPont, world leader in safety, is DLF’s safety advisor, auditor and partner

•

Built as per seismic zone 5-NBC requirement is 4

•

Regular fire drills and safety training programs for tenants’ employees

•

Disaster Management and Disaster Recovery Plan (DMDRP) centers are equipped with all emergency equipments,and are attached to office buildings

•

Thermal Imaging Cameras, to detect any fire and reach to the seed of the fire quickly

•

Rain water harvesting pits raising underground water level

•

100% recycled water used for landscaping, cleaning, flushing, AC chillers, etc.

•

Zero discharge of waste water through Sewage Treatment Plant with a capacity of 7 mn ltrs. per day

•

Solar power installed with 455 KW capacity

•

Total generation of 4,14,558 KWH yearly

Figure 109: DLF Fire services | Source: DLF Cybercity

Figure 110: Solar PV Panels | Source: DLF Cybercity

111

Office buildings -

1 Gateway Tower

2 Building 9 A & B

G+11 Floor area - 800 sqm Super built up - 8500 sqm

For one block (both blocks are identical) G+16 Floor area - 4730 sqm Total area - 75700 sqm

Grid span - 7x8m

Grid span - 8x8m

3 Building 8 - Innov8

4 Building 14 - DLF iQ - SEZ

Block A G + 5 = 31300 sqm Block B G + 8 = 49000 sqm Block C G + 14 = 83205 sqm Retail Ground Floor = 6390 sqm Retail First Floor = 5220 sqm Total Area = 175220 sqm

Tower A G + 9 = 20220 sqm Tower B G +16 = 38250 sqm Tower C G + 18 = 68454 sqm Tower D G +19 = 73180 sqm

Organisation of programme

Key plan

Figure 111: Key plan - cyber city | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

5 Building no.7 A&B

7 Building 5 Epitome Building

6 Building 10

Block A G+6 = 38100 sqm Floor area = 5440 sqm

Block 7A G+6 Floor area - 3800 sqm Total area - 27200 sqm

Block 7B G+8 Floor area - 1850 sqm Total area - 16700 sqm

Grid span - 9x9m

Block B G+14 = 70500 sqm Floor area = 4700 sqm

Block A 3B+G+6P+22F = 70620 sqm Floor area = 3070 sqm

Block C G+20 = 119200 sqm Floor area = 5600 sqm

Block B 3B+G+6P+18F = 61750 sqm Floor area = 3250 sqm

Block A retail = 6000sqm Block B retail = 3126 sqm Block C retail = 5072 sqm

Block C 3B+G+6P+22F = 73650 sqm Floor area = 3200 sqm

Total Area = 242092 sqm

Total Area = 2,060,25 sqm

Previous page -

This page -

Figure 112: Gateway Tower | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

Figure 116: Building 7 A&B | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

Figure 113: Building 9 A&B| Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

Figure 117: Building 10 | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

Figure 114: Building 8 - Innov8 | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

Figure 118: Building 5 - Epitome building | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

Figure 115: Building 14 - DLF iQ | Source: http://www.dlfcybercity.com/

113

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

FUTAKO TAMAGAWA

Location Tokyo, Japan Year 2013 Total site area 112000 sqm Built up area 423600 sqm Architect Steven Holl Architects Type of Development Transit Oriented Development Client & Developer Tokuyo Corporations Programs Shopping centres, offices, hotel and resindences. Figure 119: Futako Tamagawa | Source: https://www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-tamagawa-conran-and-partners

115

Introduction Towards the south west of Central Tokyo, Futako Tamagawa is Japan’s first upscale suburb, next to the Tama river, 20 mins from Shibuya station, Once a sparsely popuated area with farms and rural suburbs, today this area is Tokyo’s most expensive residential areas.

Reasons for study Mixed-use development project. Successful Integration of MRTS and land value capture model Integration of biophilia Successful creation of lively public spaces

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 121: Ariel view of Futako Tamagawa | Source: Author

Figure 120: Futako Tamagawa | Source: Author

CASE STUDIES

Land value capture through

KEY STRATEGIES

1. Internalization of accessibility and agglomeration benefits by rail company

Transit Oriented Development

THE STORY OF FUTAKO TAMAGAWA FUTAGO VILLAGE 18th century

COMING UP OF ELECTRIC RAIL 1907

IMPACT OF

REDEVELOPMENT Impact on ridership Increased the ridership for the Den-en-toshi Line. Impact on local landholders and tenants Joint ownership of land for new buildings with higher access and better public infrastructure and service provision, such as pedestrian access, street amenities, and bus lanes.

With setting up of tamagawa station, boosted growth of restaurants and inns near the river, leading to opening of an amusment park and pleasure resort.

FUTAGO BRIDGE Figure 122: Futako-tamagawa Redevelopment floor area reallocation, phase 1 | Source: Financial Transit-oriented development with Land values (World Bank 2015)

2. Market-driven redevelopment strategy

1925

4. Inclusive and long-term redevelopment scheme

Futgao bridge strenghened the ties with the tokyo city core making it a popular destination. TAMAGAMA TAKASHIMAYA

3. Integration of transport and commercial hub with high-quality livable environment

SHOPPING CENTRE 1969

This shopping centre started making of Futako Tamagawa as a major commercial hub.

AMUSEMENT PARK CLOSED

Impact on national government Reduced costs for road and other public infrastructure construction through PPP. Impact on local authorities Yielded higher property taxes, promote local economic development and build townships resilient to natural disasters.

A bustling village near the Tama river where a tea-house and restaurants started coming up.

1985

Futgao bridge strenghened the ties with the tokyo city core making it a popular destination.

REDEVELOPMENT

BY TOKYU CORPORTATION

Figure 123: Futako-tamagawa impact area| Source: Financial Transit-oriented development with Land values (World Bank 2015)

2000-2015

A project of land value capture through Transit Oriented Development.

Figure 124: Story of Futako-tamagawa impact area| Source: Author

117

Connectivity & Accessibility

CONNECTIVITY TO THE CITY The site is connected by two metro lines - Denentoshi line & Oimachi line, and is also connected by road. CONNECTIVITY WITHIN SITE Pedestrian walkways as well as segway facilities covers the entire site - vehicular parking and movement is kept under the ground to not interfare with the pedestrian movement, also zebra crossings have been extensively deployed to connect area with site seemlessly.

Figure 125: Connectivity through rail | Source: Author

Figure 126: Transport facilities | Source: Tokuyu corporaion

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

Area Programme & Product mix

Chart Title

35% 56%

Ground cover - 28,083 sqm Built up - 1,57,000 sqm Use - Retail, Office, Hotel, fitness complex, Cinema Height - 137m Structure - steel frame levels - 2B, G+31 Ground cover - 25,180 sqm Built up - 1,33,300 sqm Use - Retail, Housing and Parking Height - 150m Structure - steel frame levels - 1B, G+43

Ground cover - 3,472 sqm Built up - 9,400 sqm Use - Retail, Housing, Parking Height - 14m Structure - RCC levels - 1B, G+1 Ground cover - 13,417 sqm Built up - 1,06,700 sqm Use - Retail, Offices & Parking Height - 48m, 82m Structure - steel frame levels - 2B, G+17 Ground cover - 2,950 sqm Built up - 17,200 sqm Use - Retail Height - 46m Structure - steel frame levels - 1B, G+8

Commercial

Hotel

Residential

Commerical Hospitality Top

Figure 127: Mix of landuse | Source: Author

Right

Figure 128: Arial view of Futako Tamagawa | Source: https://aasarchitecture.com/2016/01/conran-and-partners-completes-urban-regeneration-in-futako-tamagawa.html/conran-and-partners-completes-urban-regeneration-in-futako-tamagawa-17/

119

Organisation of Programme

Figure 129: Dogwood plaza ground floor | Source: google maps

Figure 130: Dogwood plaza first floor | Source: google maps

Figure 132: Townfront SC ground floor| Source: google maps

Figure 133: Riverfront SC ground floor| Source: google maps

OBSERVATIONS & INFERENCES All public areas are found towards the train station, functions become more private as the distance fromt the station increase. Hotel is located on the upper floors of the 6th building with offices on the lower levels, a dedicated lobby for the hotel on the ground floor takes the visitors direclty to the hotel floors.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 134: Riverfront SC first floor| Source: google maps

Figure 131: Dogwood plaza first floor | Source: google maps

CASE STUDIES

Figure 135: Terrace market plans | Source: google maps

121

Site Planning The common street

Celebrating the transitional route from the station(city)towards the greens Site acting as a threshold between city & nature

Figure 136: The common street binding the site | Source: https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/conran-and-partners-completes-20-hectare-urban-regeneration-project/#.XnxygYgzZPY accessed on 22-02-2020

HOTEL RECREATION TRANSIT HUB

OFFICES RETAIL

RESIDENCES

Figure 137: Relationship diagram | Source: Author

Ribbon/promenade

buildings/ jewels RETAIL

plateau/landscape BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

RECREATION

OFFICES

HOTEL

RESIDENCES

Figure 138: Site section | Source: https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/conran-and-partners-completes-20-hectare-urban-regeneration-project/#.XnxygYgzZPY accessed on 22-02-2020

CASE STUDIES

Activity Mapping

Figure 139: AMERICAN DOGWOOD OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise. sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ Open spaces as place of bustle established facing commercial facilities.

Figure 142: GALLERIA | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv.hp.transer. com/ Open space that meets people as face of town, and provides person and contact with area.

Figure 140: 2. KASHINOKI OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv. hp.transer.com/

Figure 143: THE CENTRE OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise. sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ Open pace that becomes symbol of Futako Tamagawa Rise locatedat the centre of town.

Figure 141: 3. BIRDS MALL OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise.sc.e.rv. hp.transer.com/

Figure 144: FOUNTAIN OPEN SPACE | Source: http://sc.rise. sc.e.rv.hp.transer.com/ Open space to find tranquility

Public spaces A

C E F

123

Clockwise

Figure 145: The central spine | Source: https://www.archdaily. com/777490/futako-tamagawa-conran-and-partners Figure 146: Entry to site from the station | Source: https:// www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-tamagawa-conran-and-partners Figure 147: Gardens by the residences | Source: https:// www.archdaily.com/777490/futako-tamagawa-conran-and-partners

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

SLICED POROSITY CHENGDU, CHINA Location

Changdu, China Year

2012 Total site area

10500 sqm Built up area

3,336,80 sqm Architect

Steven Holl Architects Type of Development

Mixed use development Programs

five towers with offices, serviced apartments, retail, a hotel, cafes, and restaurants, and large urban public plaza Figure 148: Sliced Porosity, Chengdu | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/14/ sliced-porosity-block-by-steven-holl-architects-2/

125

Introduction

A public space contained by a cluster of five towers in Chengdu. In the center of Chengdu, China, at the intersection of the first Ring Road and Ren Ming Nam Road, the Sliced Porosity Block forms large public plazas with a hybrid of different functions. Creating a metropolitan public space instead of object-icon skyscrapers, this three million square foot project takes its shape from its distribution of natural light. Staircases lead up to the central plaza, which comprises three terraces with seating areas, trees and large pools of water. These pools also function as skylights for the shopping centre below.

Reasons for study Mixed-use development project. Multi-level public realm Interesting use of architectural features to activate the public realm Unique approach to massing

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 149: Chengdu city road network | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/14/sliced-porosity-block-by-steven-holl-architects-2/

CASE STUDIES

Location & Context

CHENGDU CITY ROAD NETWORK

ROAD NETWORK

Site extent Ren Min Men road N-S Corridor Figure 151: Road network | Source: Author

PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK

Figure 150: Chengdu city road network | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/14/sliced-porosity-block-by-steven-holl-architects-2/

The site for the Sliced Porosity Block has the unique advantage of being at the junction of two important roads in Chnegdu, China. One of them is the busiest road in Chnegdu. This road abuts one edge of the building which is connected to it by menas of gentle ramps which leads pedestrians to the publics spaces of the building. A metro station and a number of bus stops lie in close proximity to the site and are at a walking distance from the site.

Bus stops Subway station User movement pattern Figure 152: public transport network | Source: Author

127

Connectivity & Accessibility

ACCESS TO PLAZA

The public plaza is provided with five grand entrances from the outside so as to blend into the vallied landscape of the courtyard. Each of the five entrances are unique with a variation in the placement of steps and ramps creating an interesting entrance protal. This also helps seperate the user groups who are users of the buildingblocks and the users who are using the landscape as a public facility.

PODIUM LEVEL PLAN

Figure 155: Entry to public plaza | Source: http:// www.stevenholl.com/projects/raffles-city-chengdu

ACCESS INTO THE BUILDING COMPLEX

D D

Figure 153: Podium level plan with entry to points to public plaza highlighted | Source: Author

The vehicular circulation oop is such that each building block is provided with a dedicated drop off and a seperate entrance portico for the retail hub. Small scale double-fronted shops face the street and the shopping centre, in order to establish a human scale and activate street life. Punctures leading to retail

D Office drop off

Circulation

D Hotel & ballroom drop off

Retail

D Appartment drop off

Figure 154: Ground floor plan with drop offs and vehicular movement |

GROUND LEVEL PLAN Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

Area Programme & Product mix

Chart Title 1% 9% 13%

20%

Retail

Office Retail Residential Offices Residential Hotel Public areas

59%

Hotel

Public Areas

Figure 156: Area mix | Source: Author

The buildings, designed by Steven Holl in 2007, were conceived as an alternative to the "towers and podium" approach commonly adopted for large mixed-use developments. Instead, the five towers were imagined as an integrated complex, with a central public space that wraps up over a shopping centre.

Entire podium level forms the public realm, with retail and recreation activities also extending to the basement, with other functions forming different blocks extruding from the podium, there is a seperate block for the hotel, offices and residences.

Figure 157: Dispersion of uses | Source: Author

129

Concept & Form

Its sun sliced geometry results from required minimum daylight exposures to the surrounding urban fabric prescribed by code and calculated by the precise geometry of sun angles.

FORM DERIVATION

The form and organisation of the built mass has been derived upon by carefully studying the sun angle and solar penetration, keeping in mind the surrounding urban fabric, so as to not cut off the sunlight from its immediate surroundings. The buildings have been placed at significant distance from each other to allow ample sunlight into the central open space, and sliced openings let the light to penetrate past the mass of the complex to surrounding structures.

Figure 158: Visual access and sunlight | Source: Author

SOLAR RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

PEOPLE’S PLACE

ICONIC IDENTITY Figure 159: Design concepts | Source: Author

RETREAT FOR USERS BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

VISUAL CONNECTIVITY

Moving away from the TOWER+PODIUM for mixeduse high rise buildings, the built-mass has been organised in such a manner so as to effectivtly create a central plaza which is accessible to the general public.

The access into the retail area of the complex is provided at the base of the built mass, facing the edges of the street, in order to negate MONOLITHIC INWARD FOCUS and encourage URBAN POROSITY.

CASE STUDIES

Organisation of Programme

OBSERVATIONS & INFERENCES

Figure 160: Organisation of program | Source: Author

Lower levels including basements are kept for the shopping complex, podium acts as the publc realm, where all public areas are places including lobby area. Podium level can be accessed from the streets, gentle stairs and slopes lead people to the podium, and is also connected to the shopping complex below. There are dedicated towers for residences, hotel and Offices to segrate the functions on the upper levles.

Figure 161: Section | Source: Archdaily

a trend of public functions on the lower levels and private functions on upper levels is observed. 131

Concept translation

ELEVATED PUBLIC SPACE The public space is lifted off the ground because the mall is underneath. But the barrier of ground floor and elevated public space is smoothly solved by a several large staircase and escalators. The journey is accompanied by a wide range of restaurants. The public space spans over different levels each seemingly with their own use. The higher you go, the more intimate it gets. With an interesting place between trees/plants, cascading water and integrated artwork (the light pavillion by Lebbeus Woods and Christoph Kampusch), the visitors smoothly moves through the space.

OBSERVATIONS & INFERENCES The public plaza/podium level is divided into 3 grades, making the area more dynamic. Gentle stairs and ramps lead public from one grade to the other. Water features in the plaza not only help maintaning the micro climate, but has glass as its base which lets sunlight penetrate through to the shopping centre below. Punctions in the facade create places for installations making the place even more dynamic.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 162: Section A-A’ | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/sliced-porosity-block

Office Hotel Services Appartments

SOHO offices/residences Retail Public realm

Figure 163: Water bodies in public

Semi public realm Circulation Service area

square also acting as skylights for the retail floors in the basement |

Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/sliced-porosity-block

CASE STUDIES

KEY Office Hotel Services Appartments SOHO offices/residences Retail Public realm Semi public realm Circulation Service area

HISTORY PAVILLION

LIGHT PAVILLION

Figure 164: Section B-B’ | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/ reviews/sliced-porosity-block

133

Public installations

LIGHT PAVILLION

Built by the architect Lebbeus Woods , the light pavilion is a major attraction for all the visitors.

Figure 165: Light pavillion | Source: https://architizer.com/projects/sliced-porosity-block/

HISTORY PAVILLION

The history pavilion acts as a building within a building giving homage to the earlier existing Sichuan Provincial Museum.

Figure 166: History pavillion | Source: https://architizer.com/projects/sliced-porosity-block/

LOCAL ART PAVILLION

Pavilion to display and promote local art culture of China, with changing installations.

Figure 167: Local art pavillion | Source: https://architizer.com/projects/sliced-porosity-block/

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

ngs 03

CASE STUDIES

Sustainable Measures

Structural system

STRUCTURES

Green landscape as a threshold betwen buildings and outside road, and other neighbourhood buildings Made of Raw Bamboo and Cor-tan steel. Digital projections and hosting of public programmes ;View from pavilion to the main Avenue of China(Renmin)

The Light Pavilion is designed to be an experimental space, i.e., one that gives us the opportunity to experience a type of space we haven’t experienced before. It has light beams running in 3D and staircase running through.

s and outside

STRUCTURES

GEOTHERMAL HEATING Complex is heated & cooled geothermally by 400 wells. COOLING The large podium ponds harvest recycled rainwater with natural grasses and lily pads creating a cooling effect.

Figure 168: framing of structure | Source: https://www. world-architects.com/en/ architecture-news/reviews/ sliced-porosity-block

Sun light analysis shows theCLIMATE inner facades MICRO remain shaded due toThethe sunlight angles central plaza with water bodies and plants create a microclimate within the complex.

SLICED POROSITY BLOCK HIGH PERFOMRANCE GLAZING High performance glazing is used to avoid excessive heating.

CHENGDU, CHINA

The Sliced Porosity Block is heated and cooled with 468 geothermal wells and the large ponds in the plaza harvest recycled rainwater, while the natural grasses and lily pads create a natural cooling effect. Highperformance glazing, energy-efficient equipment and the use of regional materials are among the other methods employed to reach the LEED Gold rating.

The open and 10m side and more tha 5 floors h

The sixth transition includes columns opening.

Figure 169: structural system of sliced porosity | Source: http://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/anichols/courses/ applied-architectural-structures/projects-631/Files/RaffleCityChengdu.pdf

135

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

MARINA ONE, SINGAPORE Location

Singapore Year

2017 Site Area

26,244 sqm Built up area

400000 sqm Architect

ingenhoven architects Type of Development

Transit Oriented Development Client

CapitaLand Development Programs

4 towers, 2 residential and 2 office towers,with retail podium of 4 floors, underground mall connecting to MRTS. Figure 170: Marina one | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/ sliced-porosity-block

137

Introduction

“Marina One is rational without being conventional - daring and quirky while very functional for the more than 20,000 people who will eventually live and work there. It aims to enhance not only the well-being of its occupants, but of anyone in the area, who are welcome to enjoy its serene and verdant gardens. ” — Alexandra Seno, Architectural Record (USA)

Reasons for study Mixed-use development project. City in a garden concept Successful Integration of MRTS Similar area programme to the proposed project. Successful creation of lively public spaces

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 171: Green heart in Marina One,Singapore | Source: https://inhabitat.com/tropical-park-with-native-species-will-add-much-needed-green-spaceto-hong-kong/ Accessed on 28-03-2020

Singapore’s new title “City in a Garden” is evident in Marina One, a stunning energy-efficient cluster of four high-rises clustered around a spectacular “Green Heart.” Designed by ingenhoven architects in collaboration with local firm A61 and landscape architecture firm Gustafson Porter + Bowman, Marina One offers a mix of residences, retail, and offices – but the real draw is the publicly accessible green center that takes inspiration from Asian rice paddy terraces.

Planted with over 350 types of trees and planets, the 37,000-square-meter landscaped area mimics a rainforest and provides cooling microclimates and increased biodiversity.

CASE STUDIES

Location & Context

Marina One is strategically located in the Marina Bay Financial District, with direct links to the MRT system. Marina Bay is the centrepiece of Singapore's urban transformation, a 360ha development that will support its ongoing growth as a major business & financial hub in Asia.lt is recognised as a place for financial and multi national companies to flourish in a lively and energetic setting. Amidst attractions like the Esplanade Theatres on the Bay, Gardens by the Bay, Marina Bay Sands, the ArtScience Museum, and the International Formula 1 Grand Prix that adds vibrancy to the city each year.

Figure 172: location in CBD | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-residences.html Figure 173: Context of Marina One | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-residences.html

139

Connectivity & Accessibility

Marina Bay, and Marina One Residences, are extremely well served by a comprehensive transport network.lsland-wide connectivity is offered via the Marina Coastal Expressway, East Coast Parkway (20 minutes by car to Changi Airport), Ayer Rajah Expressway, and the Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway. Marina One is itself directly connected via an underground pedestrian network to Raffles Place, and to 4 out of the 6 MRT lines in Singapore (the Downtown, Circle, North-South, and upcoming Thomson lines). The Marina Bay MRT station will be Singapore's largest and most connected MRT interchange station by 2021. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 174: Connectivity of Marina One | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-residences.html

NORTH SOUTH CIRCLE DOWNTOWN THOMSON

CASE STUDIES

Area Programme & Product mix

= 4000sqm of event space

= 188000sqm leasable office space.

= 458 1BHK Units

= 14000sqm of retail and F&B

2 symmetrical towers with 30 storeys each positioned towards the north side. Office towers enjoy the views of Central linear park and strait views towards the outside and the green heart towards the inside.

Offices

Retail

Retail mix includes lifestyle shops, super market, F&B outlets, signature restuarants, food court. Retail podium encircles and is part of the green heart. It covers the 3 podium levels and the underground pedestriain network.

Residential

= 288 2BHK Units = 172 3BHK Units = 58 2BHK+Study = 58 4BHK Units = 8 Penthouses

2 symmetrical 34 storey appartment towers with views of Marina station square & Marina way towards outside & green heart towards inside.

Chart Title 5%

35% 60%

Retail Residential Office

Retail

Offices Residential 6500 sqm of greenary Figure 175: Area mix | Source: Author

Figure 176: Key areas of Marina One | Source: https://esingaporeproperty.sg/property/marina-one-condo-showflat-residences/

141

Concept & Vision

Landscape concept planting The unique ‘green heart’, featuring a bio-diverse garden with close to 400 plant species, mirrors singapore’s city in a garden concept.

Figure 177: Green heart | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-office.html

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

The Urban Redevelopment Authority's (URA) grand vision and design for Marina Bay is of a 'Garden City by the Bay' where people work, live, and relax / socialise in a 24/7, thriving, vibrant environment. Marina One Residences is in fact designed in line with this vision, epitomising this live, work, entertain concept in itself, as an integrated development. Besides its own lush ‘Green Heart’, Marina One’s green outlook is reinforced by its location, sandwiched between and overlooking 2 inner city parks, the Central Linear Park and Marina Station Square.

Figure 178: Concept | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-office.html

central linear park

CASE STUDIES

Organisation of Programme

Programme is arranged in the form of a podium from which extends 4 towers, 2 towers are offices with 30 storeys each, while the other 2 symmetrical towers have 1042 residences spread in 34 storeys. 4 podium storeys house the retail which also connects to the underground pedestriain network connecting to the MRTS There are 4 basement levels with parking facilities to accomodate 1505 cars including 971 for residences and 534 for commercial space. Floor to floor height of residences are lower as compared to the floor to floor height of the office spaces, some offices spaces also have double height spaces.

Figure 179: Section | Source: https://www. archdaily.com/886215/ green-heart-marina-one-singapore-ingenhoven-architects

Retail Offices Residential

Figure 180: Section | Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/11/10/multi-storey-gardens-marina-one-development-ingenhoven-architects-gustafson-porter-bowman-singapore/

143

ROAD

The site has access from all four sides, with drop-offs from the main straits in north and south, while entry to the basement are from the other two side lanes in the east and west. There are various pedestrian entrances to the central green heart, while access to all vehciles remain limited to the periphery or the basement.

ROAD

Site Planning

Basement entry

Residence Drop-Off Figure 181: Vehicular access to site | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-office.html

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

ROAD

CASE STUDIES

Figure 182: Role model for mega cities | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marine-one-office.html

145

Housing

Figure 183: Vehicular access to site | Source: https://marinaonesingapore.net/p/marina-one-residences.html

UNIT ROOMS

UNIT TYPE

NO. OF UNITS

1 Bedroom

229

61-72 sqm

2 Bedroom

1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F

144

90-105 sqm

2BR + Study

2B + S

106-113 sqm

3 Bedroom

3A, 3B, 3C

140-143 sqm

4 Bedroom

190-209 sqm

Penthouse

603-796 sqm

521 Block 21 Total Units Floor area states includes any Patios, Balconies, Terraces, A/C Ledges BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

AREA (SQM)

CASE STUDIES

1 BHK

Figure 184: 1BHK Plan | Source: https://esingaporeproperty.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Marina-One-Residential-Brochure-Floor-Plans.pdf

2 BHK

Figure 185: 2BHK Plan | Source: https://esingaporeproperty.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Marina-One-Residential-Brochure-Floor-Plans.pdf

147

Sustainable Measures

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

MARKTHAL, ROTTERDAM Location

Rotterdam, Netherlands Year

2014 Site Area Built up area

100000 sqm Architect

MVRDV

Type of Development

Mixed-Use Development Client

Provast Nederland bv, The Hague, Netherlands Programs

Food, leisure, living and parking Figure 186: Marina one | Source: https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/ sliced-porosity-block

149

Introduction

Reasons for study •

Interesting public realm and market

•

Similarity in area program

Figure 187: Markthal | Source: https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/115/markthal?photo=15139 accessed on 03-04-2020

•

Lively central pedestrian street/realm

•

Inegration of informal market

The Markthal is a sustainable combination of food, leisure, living, and parking, a building in which all functions are fully integrated to celebrate and enhance their synergetic possibilities. A secure, covered square is nestled beneath a large arch, conceived as an entirely

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

new take on a typical market square and its surrounding buildings. With its unique arched structure, and unusual achievement of turning a private development plan into a public building, the Markthal makes Rotterdam home of a new urban typology, a hybrid of market and housing.

Untitled map

CASE STUDIES

Location & Connectivity Untitled layer

Stayokay Hostel Rotterdam The Rotterdam Library metro Rotterdam Rotterdam Blaak Central Library Rotterdam Markthal

Central library

Located in the historic Laurenskwartier in the heart of Rotterdam, the Markthal is formed by the construction of privatelydeveloped apartments arranged into a large arch, strategically allowing a private initiative to create a public space. The result is a covered square which features a central market hall during the day and, after closing hours, a lively series of restaurants on its lower levels. It is a hybrid building where visitors are able to shop, eat, enjoy a drink, live, and park their car.

Markthal

Metro Rotterdam The rotterdam library

Rotterdam blaak

Stayokay hostel

Figure 188: Markthal location | Source: google mymaps

BY CAR - PARKING The nearly 1,200-space garage is open 24x7 equipped with various facilities such as (disabled) toilets, generous lifts, and escalators that take you directly from the parking garage to the heart of Markthal.

ON THE BIKE - BICYCLE STORAGE You can park your bicycle for free in the public bicycle shed of the Municipality of Rotterdam next to Rotterdam Blaak station.

WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT Rotterdam Blaak station is right next / to the Markthal, a 1-minute walk away. With access to - Bus - Tram line - Metro 151

Area Programme & Product mix

Total Floor area = 95,000 sqm

228 Appartments 1200 basement parking 96 fresh food stalls and shop units Super market and world of taste

Parking

Market

Appartments

The design vision of MVRDV describes Markthal as urbanism, the function mix is an integrated design, a 24 hour building which is a public and lasting addition to the city of Rotterdam.

CORES PENTHOUSES APPARTMENTS Figure 190: Organisation of functions | Source: MVRDV

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 189: Section | Source: https://www.markthal.nl/bezoek-markthal/bereikbaarheid

CASE STUDIES

Concept & Vision

Unique is not only its shape and size, but especially the way the different functions are combined. The combination of an apartment building covering a fresh food market with food shops, restaurants, a supermarket and an underground parking is found nowhere else in the world.

Figure 191: Organisation of functions | Source: MRVDV

Figure 192: Accessebility to the building | Source: MRVDV

Markthal accomodates a broad range of housing types from 1bhk to penthouses, with 102 rental and 126 appartments for sale

The loading and distribution take place underground so that at ground level Markthal can be accessed from all sides.

Figure 193: Location of supermarket | Source: MRVDV

Figure 194: Parking location | Source: MRVDV

On level-1, a supermarket for all additional shopping

Parking and loading only takes place underground which means that the building has no back side

By adding some space to the lower floors for extra retail space the current volume of the arch emerged 120 meters long, 70 meters wide and 40 meters tall.

153

Organisation of Programme

The horse shoe shaped arch of Markthal consists of housing from the third to the eleventh floor, in total 102 rental apartments and 126 apartments for sale. Each apartment has an outside terrace over the full width of the unit and the 24 penthouses on the top floor have – thanks to the arch shape – a very wide roof terrace. The apartments can be accessed via 6 entrances at street level.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

CASE STUDIES

Sustainable Measures energy use and CO2 savings of the building. A smart sanitation system is designed to save water. An ecologist was invited to improve the ecological value of the inner city location and advised to create space for bats and swifts. On the western façade of the 11th floor are four large bat stays integrated into the façade, on the northern side of the first floor are ten nests for swifts mounted to the wall.

Markthal received a BREEAM Very Good certificate. The building is connected to city heating and a thermal storage system underneath the building which will also heat and cool a number of adjacent buildings in the surrounding area. The various functions in the building can exchange heat and cold. For the hall itself extensive research was conducted to create a comfortable interior climate with an extremely low energy use. The hall is naturally ventilated, underneath the glass façade fresh air flows in, it rises towards the roof and leaves the hall through ventilation shafts in the roof. This is a thermic system which can function without any installations. A central monitoring system is used to exchange heat and cool between the different programmes, in this way less installations could be used than normal for these programmes. The combination of housing, shopping centre, parking and market hall makes the installation technology more efficient. Inside the market, an information panel illustrates the 155

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

04 Site Analysis 4.01 Site and the city 4.02 Faridabad - SMART City Mission 4.03 Site & its connnectivity 4.04 Green & open spaces 4.05 Understanding the neighbourhood 4.06 Understanding the precinct 4.07 Metro station catchment 4.08 Site images 4.09 Existing use of site 4.10 Site plan 4.11 Site Sections 4.12 Climate data 4.13 Existing trees on site

Site & the City

Site is located next to the Badhkal Mor metro station, on NH2, it falls in the ABD under the smart city mission and is proposed for mixed used development and innovation hub. The site has many schools and hospitals within 1km radius and residential development all around it. Across the road is an industrial area and a slum. Site is next to the Badkhal flyover which connects the two parts of the city divided by the railway line. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

PROPOSED MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

24.83 Acre land available for Mixed Use Development Total Built-up area proposed 356,380 sqm Vertically stacked mixed use is proposed Promote activities on street front with active frontages and minimised gaps Retail space such as Hotel, Office & Residential complex is proposed along with active frontage. Skill development/ Innovation Labs are proposed at 2 locations Figure 196: Mixed-use development | Source: smart city mission handbook

Figure 195: Proposed mixed-use develop-

ments | Source: smart city mission handbook

SITE ANALYSIS

PROPOSED INNOVATION LABS

SITE

Figure 197: Innovation labs | Source: NITI Ayog

Figure 198: Proposed innovation hubs & skill development centres | Source: smart city mission handbook

Skill Development centres

Innovation Labs

Training and certifications would be provided, based on hands-on and class-room training for Faridabad Industry workers to reskill them and move them up the value chain of engineering services. Skill areas relate tometal forming and fabrication computer aided drawing & design, tools and die machining; hydraulic & pneumatic machinery; surface coating & metal finishing, etc.

These are KPO services, focused on engineering design services. Common critical infra shall be provided in these Labs such as material testing labs, design studios, printing facilities - 2D & 3D, High end software platforms made available on pay-as-you-go (based on cloud services) shall include BIM, high end AUTOCAD, GIS, FEMA modelling, etc. 159

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

SITE ANALYSIS

Site falls under the intense TOD Zone, with metro station right at its corner, and sharing one of its edge with Mathura Road (NH2). Badhkal mor (junction) is an important junction from where the roads lead to Road connecting Delhi (North), Surajkund & Gurgaon bypass road, (west), Greater Faridabad & Noida Greater Faridabad (east) and Ballabhgarh & Agra (south), with NH2 site is also near 3 multi-speciality hospitals, karkhana bagh (industrial Badhkal mor junction area) and 2 schools. 500-800m Towards the east of the site is the Radius - TOD sector 19 residential area and on west Zone is sector 21 residential area. Badhkal Mor Existing Contours metro station (violet line)

Old Faridabad area

0-500m Radius Intense TOD Zone

Railway line

School Mosque Figure 199: Coutour mapping | Source: https:// contourmapcreator.urgr8.ch/

Hospital

Figure 200: Placing site in the city | Source: Author

161

Faridabad Smart City Mission

Strategic Focus Faridabad recognises that the economic transition is critical to the growth and sustainability of the city. The strategic focus areas for Faridabad city are aligned to create enablers for the transition from manufacturing dependent economy to engineering services cluster/knowledge economy focusing on value creation at higher end of value chain of industries present in Delhi NCR. The city due to its strategic location in Delhi NCR has most of the requisite for moving towards knowledge economy such as access/interface with academia in NCR, industrial base, skilled workforce, and low cost of living. But along with these advantages,it presently has its share of dowsides - environmentel degradation, inadequate public transit options, lack of quality office space, and low boyancy in econoimc activity. Hence the smart city proposal focuses on -

STRATEGIC FOCUS 1 Forbearer of Third Industrial Revolution Leveraging its strong industrial base, Faridabad aims to become a forebearer of third industrial revolution by adding a digital layer to its manufacturing industries. Faridabad intends to attract investments in engineering & allied sectors with focus on more technically advanced product development such as building information modelling, 3D printing, and additive manufacturing. Faridabad tends to invest in skill development, provide great living environment BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

to attract talent and A-grade office space. Transit Oriented Developnent with focus on improving space utilization and excellent infrastructure and connectivity between Faridabad & NCR will help in moving towards third industrial revolution.

STRATEGIC FOCUS 2 Using linear corridor to the city’s advantage ROAD USERS PEOPLE

GOODS

Traffic moving within NCR

By both rail & road.

Intra-city traffic Exeternal traffic Faridabad intends to focus on providing graded/differentiated corridors for different road users by investing in NMT, highways, metro station nodes, parking and multi-modal interchange.

STRATEGIC FOCUS 3 -

Liveability Faridabad intends to improve its liveability index by focusing on improving open spaces, water bodies revival, civic amenities, and commute time.

SITE ANALYSIS

VISION of Smart city proposal -

Faridabad aspires to be an innovation hub for manufacturing by leveraging its economic strengths and transforming itself to a cleaner, greener-city by introducing smarter way of living. GOALS 1. Economic shift to Advanced Engineering - Creating an ecosystem to encourage and promote innovation in advanced engineering by incentivizing and encouraging institutes of higher education to set up incubation cells and provide financial support to budding entrepreneurs - job creation 5000 jobs in 5 years. - Providing incubation support to startups working in the domain of advanced engineering - 50 startups in 5 years. - Setting up a skill development institute to impar skills on advanced robotics, drone making, additive manufacturing, computer-aided design etc. 2. Promotion of Eco-friendly mobility - Increase public transport share by 30% from existing 15%. - Focus on pedestrian amenities by increasing proportion of footpath from 6% to 100% in ABD area. - Public bike sharing program. 3. Revival of green open spaces 4. Reduction in road congestion 5. Connected, accessible and safe city 6. Smart & Sustainable infrastructure

Figure 3.5 - Areabased development area Source: smart city mission handbook

Figure 201: Area based development area | Source: smart city mission handbook

AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT

The ABD is based on following core principles of developmpent - A vibrant mix of landuse, promoting accessiblity and walkability along with provision of smart and sustainable civic infrastructure, its initiatives towards achieving ecological balance, redevelopment of specific land parcels generating new economic opportunities and development of inclusive spaces for improved quality of life for its

citizens. The area chosen for ABD measures 1267 acres and includes sectors of 19,20,20A,21B & 21D. The chosen area has diverse landuses and forms the fringe of old/ core of the city. The intentions for the SCP is to transform the chosen area into a compact, wellplanned urban space with inclusive, sustainable and rationally incremental econoimc development activities 163

Site & its Connectivity

MATHURA ROAD & RAILWAY LINE

DELHI - FARIDABAD METRO

Faridabad has grown linearly along mathura road, acting as its lifeline, this road connects Faridabad to Agra in South and Delhi north, Site is located at Badhkal mor on Mathura road.

Violet line (line no.6) of Delhi metro connects Faridabad other parts of Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida. metro line has 11 stations in Faridabad from Badarpur (badarpur border) to Ballabhgarh (Raja Nahar singh). Site is next to the Badhkal Metro station which is the 5th station from Badarpur Border.

SITE SITE

Figure 202: Location of site with respect to highway | Source: Author

RAILWAY TRACK MATHURA ROAD (NH2) BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 203: Delhi - Faridabad metro route | Source: www.mapsofindia.com

METRO STATIONS VIOLET METRO LINE

SITE ANALYSIS

BADKHAL MOR METRO STATION

INSTITUTIONAL LAND

Badhkal mor metro station caters to dense residential area of sectors 19,28,28 and 21, old faridabad along with the industrial area across the road, with 183 daily trips (source:DMRC). Badhkal mor is one of the busiest junctions of Faridabad which cnnects the bypass road to Surajkund road.

PETROL PUMP

TRANSPORT OPTIONS AROUND SITE Various public trasnport and NMT options are available around the site, including buses, autorikshaws, cycle-rikshaws and metro. A skyway ensures pedestrian connectivity from across the highway.

MATHURA ROAD - NH2

BADHKAL ROAD

SITE AREA - 6.4 ACRES

SECTOR-19 RESIDENTIAL - PLOTTED DEVELOPMENT

PETROL PUMP BUS STOP

M MATHURA ROAD

WALKWAY

INDUSTRIAL AREA (KARKHANA BAGH)

RIKSHAW STAND AUTO STAND OLD FARIDABAD ROAD

Figure 204: Major junctions around the site | Source: Author

BADKHAL MOR JUNCTION BADKHAL MOR METRO STATION

Shuttle services are available in Faridabad which ply on routes Faridabad-Gurgaon & FaridabadNoida, one of its pick up stops is right in front of the site.

BADKHAL MOR METRO STATION

INDUSTRIAL LAND

Figure 205: Access through various means of transport to site | Source: Author

165

GREEN & OPEN SPACES There are very limited open public places around the site, most open areas are privately owned lands, with a marriage/function garden across the road. There is a need for public open spaces for people to spill out, children are found playing cricket on sundays in the parking lot, since its empty on sunday mornings. P - Private greens

E - Empty plot

O - Open for public

S - School ground

WEEKDAY EVENING

WEEKDAY MORNING

WEEKDAY NOON

Figure 208: Traffic on weekday noon | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020

Figure 209: Traffic on weekday evening | Source: google maps - 2502-2020

WEEKEND MORNING

WEEKEND NOON

WEEKEND EVENING

Figure 207: Traffic on weekday mornigs | Source: google maps - 2502-2020

P E

Figure 206: Greens in the vicinity | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 210: Traffic on weekend mornigs | Source: google maps - 2502-2020

Figure 211: Traffic on weekend noon | Source: google maps - 25-02-2020

Figure 212: Traffic on weekdaendevening | Source: google maps - 25-022020

SITE ANALYSIS

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS

There is constant congestion in front of the metro station, as there is no designated space for drops offs and cars and autos encroach the road. Internal also remains clogged with cars parked on both edges.

Badhkal mor - Junction always remains jammed with traffic. Because of wider street available cars tend to speed on the internal road, and in absence of proper footpaths, it makes walking on the street unsafe.

Figure 213: Autos in front of the metro station, congesting the road | Source: Author

Figure 215: Cars parked on the street | Source: Author

PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENTS

Residential plotted development network forms a rich pedestrian network to the site, site can be accessed from 7 different points, though these streets have gates which block the vehicular movement by RWA, pedestrian access is extensively used as shortcuts.

Access to metro station is not pedestrian friendly, path is uneven, making it difficult to walk, there is absence of streetlights making it unsafe after sunset, there is a staggered entry right before the steps, which make people vulnerable to fall.

Figure 214: Pedestrian access to metro station | Source: Author

Figure 216: Staggered access to metro station | Source: Author

Figure 217: Pedestrian access to metro station | Source: Author

Pedestrian movement

167

Untitled map Understanding the neighbourhood Untitled layer

Point 5 Point 7 Point 4

Untitled layer Point 6 Point 5

Untitled layer Point 5 Point 7 Point 6

SITE

Point 4 Point 5

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

500M

Untitled layer 1.6KM RADIUS HAS BEEN WITHIN

MAPPED Point 9 TO UNDERSTAND THE MISSING Point 3 LINKS AND NEEDS OF THE PRECINCT. ESI Dispensary

800M

1KM

sarvodaya

MARKET

Point 2

QRGHOSPITAL GEETA HOSPITAL

RESTUARANTS

Untitled layer

SCHOOLS

PARK PLAZA

1.6KM

COUNTRY INN HOTELS

RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS Untitled layer SANJHA

WATER TANKS

ANUPAM Point 3 Point 4

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Untitled layer

Figure 218: Proximity of infrstructure and facilities | Source: Author

SITE ANALYSIS

EXISITING INFRASTRUCTURE AROUND THE SITE RESIDENTIAL COLONY OF SECTOR 21-A&B AVG. PLOT SIZE - 250500SQM

SECTOR 28 RESIDENTIAL AREA

SECTOR MARKET

SITE

ASIAN HOSPITAL

POSH LOCALITY OF SECTOR 21-C AVG. PLOT SIZE - 1000SQM KARKHANA BAGH INDUSTRIAL AREA

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

NEW INDUSTRIAL TOWN

Figure 219: Proximity of infrstructure and facilities | Source: Author

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Not much of social infrastrucutre is present around the site, there is one community centre for RWA of sector 19 with a multipurpose hall, a lot of coaching centres and tuitions happen in residences of the tutors. VEGETABLE MARKET There are various schools present around the site, including Delhi Public School and AVN School which are at a walking distance from the site. There is an old age home which is 1km from the site. CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE A lact of cultural and recreational facilities OLD FARIDABAD CITY is found around the site. facilties like SETTLEMENT auditoriums, cinema halls, library, sports UNPLANNED MIXED-USE facility are absent in the vicinity, and there is a need for such infrastructure at the neighbourhood level. MEDICAL INFRASTRUCTURE There are 3 multi-speciality hospitals in the vicinity, people come from distant places to visit these hospitals. RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS There ae many temples in the SECTOR16 MARKET - WITH neighbourhood,, also there is a muslin BANKS, RESTAURANTS AND settlement which is 1km away from the site GYMS with an age old mosque, it has been observed that muslims come here by metro on Fridays to worship and visit the mosque. 169

Understanding the PRECINT

FIGURE GROUND •

Site is surrounded by majorly built areas.

•

North of the site is a vacant plot earmarked for institutional landuse

•

There as big open spaces on left of the site, across the Mathura road, these open spaces are also used as work spaces in the industrial area, a lot of stone and wood processing takes place in those open spaces. Figure 220: Figure Ground | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

SITE ANALYSIS

LAND USE OF PRECINT •

Most areas around the site is residential including sectors of sector-19,18,28 and 21.

•

Old Faridabad is also near the site, which is a dense miixed use settlement, with commercial activities on the lower floors and around the central spine with adjoining residential areas.

•

Across the road to the site, is the industrial area also known as Karkhana Bagh

•

There are two schools at the vicinity of the site, a lot of tuition classes have sprung up in the exisiting complex.

•

There is Muslin settlement near Talab road, walking distance from the site, every friday, muslins come to the Masjid in that area from far away places by metro. RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL GREENS OLD FARIDABAD CITY ILLEGAL SETTLEMENT

Figure 221: Landuse of context | Source: Author

INSTITUTIONAL 171

Climate data

• • • •

July & August have high temperatures as well as high humidity. April - August experience temperatures >40 deg. C Solar energy can be effectively tapped in all months expect July & August Max. Rainfall is received within 4 months from June - Sept. which will impact the storage capacity of harvested water.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES & PRECIPITATION

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES

CLOUDY, SUNNY & PRECIPITATION DAYS

PRECIPITATION AMOUNTS

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 222: Climate data | Source: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/ weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/new-delhi_india_1261481

WIND ROSE DIAGRAM

WIND SPEED

SITE ANALYSIS

10,000 6,500

6.18 11.55 18 hours

No. of trips (daily)

224

backside front side across the road gate no. 2

34% 35% 18% 12%

18% 1

Figure 223: Catchment mix of badhkal metro station | Source: Author

34% 1

12% 1

INDUSTRIAL LAND

Hours of operation

35%

BADKHAL MOR METRO STATION

Metro Timings First metro Last metro

INDUSTRIAL AREA (KARKHANA BAGH)

Frequency (minutes)

SECTOR-19 RESIDENTIAL PLOTTED DEVELOPMENT

MATHURA ROAD - NH2

Badhkal Mor metro station Ridership Weekdays Weekends

SITE AREA - 6.4 ACRES

Metro catchment

173

Site

SITE

AREA PROGRAM

RES. PLOTS

SITE AREA : 26223.42 sqm : 6.48 Acres

2. - Restaurants, food court

FAR : 3.5 (including 0.5 for parking)

RES. PLOTS

3. - Recreational areas

PERMISSIBLE HEIGHT : N/A GREEN AREA : 15%

FAR

350

Height Restriction

370m

7. - NMT Hub 8. - Parking

9. - Green spaces

LAND USE : Proposed site for mixed used development under the area based development proposal for the smart city mission.

Maximum built-up area 81000 sqm

as per Airport Authority of India

SITE

Land Use- Mixed Use Development RELEVANT CASE STUDIES under TOD policy of Faridabad

1. - Makers district, Abu Dhabi

GROUN

6. - Serviced apartments

RES. PLOTS

USER GROUP

2. - Central Creek City, USA

MAXIMU

PERMIS GREEN

23170 sqm

5. - Skill development centre

MAXIMUM BUILT-UP AREA : 91,780 sqm

FAR (includi

Total site area

MATHURA ROAD - NH2

4. - Office spaces

GROUND COVERAGE : 40%

USER GROUP

SITE AR

1. - Retail spaces

LAND used de develop mission

3. - Xian International centre, China

-People of the city

- People of the city

4. - Futako Tamagawa, Tokyo

- Transit commuters

5. - Horizon One Centre, Gurugram

- Office goers

People’s Place | Proposal I BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

- Travellers

- Transit Commuters

USER

6. - Cyber city, Gurugram

- Office goers

7. - Saket district centre, Delhi

8. - The Souk, Abu Dhabi

A/2847/2015

Figure 224: Site plan | Source:

Author Nivia Jain | School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi

- People

BADHKAL MOR METRO STATION

- Transit

- Travelle

- Office g

SITE ANALYSIS

Figure 225: VIEW FROM THE METRO | Source: Author

Figure 231: VIEW BEHIND PETROL PUMP | Source: Author

Figure 233: VIEW BEHIND PETROL PUMP | Source: Author

Figure 226: STREET FORMING A CUL-DE-SAC, IDEAL

FOR DROP OFFS OR PARKING ENTRY | Source: Auhtor 5

Figure 232: REMINISCENCE OF ONCE ACTIVE GREEN SPACE, NOW USED FOR PARKING | Source: Author

Figure 230: PATCH OF GREEN IN FRONT OF THE BUILDING | Source: Author

Figure 227: UNFINISHED BUILDING, NOW IN DILAPDAT-

ED CONDITION. | Source: Author 8

Figure 228: HUDA COMPLEX IN THE BACKGROUND, WITH TWO-WHEELERS PARKING | Source: Author

Figure 229: VARDHMAN SHOPPING COMPLEX, VIEW FROM METRO | Source: Author

175

Existing use of Site

PARKING - 120-150 CARS SMALL OFFICES - 3X6M (18SQM) 6X6M (36SQM) 3X12M (36SQM) 6X12SQM (54SQM) offices of small IT companies, engineers, chartered accountants, publishers, travel agencies etc SMALL SHOPS - 12SQM TO 45SQM stationary shops, boutiques, small grocery stores etc

INFORMAL SHOPS

Many street vendors put up their stalls in the evening to sell food items, fruits, vegetables etc, since a lot of people are returning home in the evening

INFORMAL NMT HUB

Hand-pulled, battery operated rikshaws, and CNG Autos are all lined up on both edges of the site, which take people to and from the metro station. These usually encroach the

roads, since there is no designated space for them to stand.

PUBLIC SPACE

Though the built environment is not very condusive for people, but due to limited open space options around the site, people often come here to walk and cycle in early hours of the day and evenings. A group of people have also converted the unfinished building into a proper badminton court by investing their money.

COACHING CLASSES & INSTITUTES some shops have been converted to coaching insitutes, roughly 10-12 such centres are currently operational - which highlights the demands for study spaces and study classes. SMALL DHABAS & KITCHENS catering to students who come there to study and which delivers to the nearby areas. GROCERY STORE Amartex is a 1500sqft grocery store, which caters to the daily needs of the people. Figure 234: GROUND PLAN VARDHMAN SHOPPING COMPLEX | Source: R.K. Associates

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

SITE ANALYSIS

Figure 235: BACK WALL OF PETROL PUMP - NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED | Source: Author

Figure 236: VIEW OF METRO STATION FROM SITE, CURRENTLY USED FOR PARKING | Source: Author

Figure 242: LACK OF OPEN SPACES AND SPORTS Figure 237: ROAD ENCROACHED BY CARS, DUE TO UNAVAILABILITY OF PARKING | Source: Author

Figure 238: NO DROP OFF FOR THE METRO STATION, AUTOS ENCROACH HIGHWAY | Source: Author

Figure 239: ACCESS FROM THE METRO TO SITE, NO STREET LIGHTS, MAKING IT UNSAFE. | Source: Author

Figure 240: INFORMAL SHOPS SET UP NEXT TO METRO, AT THE EDGE OF THE SITE | Source: Author

FACILITIES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD HAS LED PEOPLE TO MAKE A BADMINTON COURT INSIDE THE UNFINISHED BUILDING.| Source: Author

Figure 241: DUMPING GROUND AT THE SITE | Source: Author

177

SECTOR-19 RESIDENTIAL PLOTTED DEVELOPMENT

INSTITUTIONAL LAND

INDUSTRIAL LAND

SITE AREA - 6.4 ACRES

80m

48m

60m

331m

BADKHAL MOR METRO STATION

PETROL PUMP

MATHURA ROAD - NH2

N Figure 243: Site Plan | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

INDUSTRIAL AREA (KARKHANA BAGH)

SITE ANALYSIS

A’

B’

SECTION A-A’ Figure 244: section A-A’ | Source: Author

SIDE LANE

HIGHWAY

SIDE LANE

SETBACK

PETROL PUMP

SITE

ROAD

SECTOR 19 RESIDENTIAL AREA

SITE IS AT A DROP OF 1.5M FROM THE HIGHWAY, STEPS LEAD METRO USERS TO THE SITE WHICH FURTHER CONNECTS TO THE RESIDENTIAL AREA.

SECTION B-B’ ESCORTS

SIDE LANE

HIGHWAY

SIDE LANE

SETBACK

SITE

ROAD

SECTOR 19 RESIDENTIAL AREA

179

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

NEEM

SHIRISHA

ASHOKA

10 11 Figure 245: Existing trees on site | Source: Author

KACHNAR

KADAMB

AMLA

SHEESHAM

JAMUN

KANJI

Existing trees

KANER

GULMOHAR

1 3

05 Programme & its components 5.1 Project Information 5.2 Site area & Developmental controls 5.3 Community Survey 5.4 Detailed area programme 5.5 Analysis of functional components 5.6 Open spaces 5.7 Inter-relationship diagram

Project Information

Site Area = 23170 sqm Built Up Area = 81095 sqm FAR = 3.5

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

PROJECT SCOPE

PROGRAM DERIVATION

The chosen project at Sector-19, Faridabad is a highdensity, mixed-use development. The focus is to make a public intervention for the neighbourhood, by providing all the facilities that the stake holders would require for improved liveability and quality fo life. The scope of the project is limited to the detailed design of commercial component of the area program with a major focus on design of public spaces to improve the quality and nature of the public realm.

A four step process have been applied in order to derive the area program. 1. Major guidelines for the landuse mix has been taken from the National TOD Policy, Delhi TOD Policy has also been referred to fill in the missing information. 2. Mixed-Use proposal as part of the Faridabad Smart City proposal has also been integrated in the program,which adds the component of Innovation hub to the program. 3. Existing uses of the site have been mapped carefully which were mainly small offices of proffessionals and coaching institutes which have been integrated. 4. A study of the physical and socialinfrastructure was carried out in the neighbourhood to identify the missing facilities, along with a community survey of all the stakeholders to identify the needs of the community has been conducted to derive at the final program.

III

Mandatory Mix as per National TOD Policy

Components proposed as part of Smart city mission proposal

Existing Use

Gap analysis from neighbourhood study & community survey

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

Site area & developmental controls

60% 45%

30%

Total site area

23170 sqm

FAR

350 As per Haryana TOD policy

Total Built up area

81095 sqm

Height Restriction

370m

10%

as per Airport Authority of India

ECS

As per Haryana TOD policy

Residential area

calculated as per carpet

upto 100 sqm (DU)

0.5

100-150 sqm (DU)

more than 150sqm (DU)

1.5

Commercial areas

Maximum ground coverage 60%

as per Haryana TOD Policy 13902

Street frontage

50%

Mandatory mix Residential Commercial Institutional Flexible Mix

30% 20% 5% 45%

sqm

As per National TOD Policy

55%

Mandatory Use 55% Commerical 20% Commercial Residential 30% Residential Community use 5% Community use

Figure 246: Mandatory mix | Source: Author

Mandatory Use 55% Commerical 20% Residential 30% Community use 5%

Flexible use 45% Commerical 40% Residential Community use 5%

Flexible usePROJECT 45% COMPONENTS Commerical 40% Residential COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL Community use 5% FACILITIES FACILTIES FACILITIES

• • •

Retail Offices spaces Co-working

• • • • •

Innovation Hub Study rooms Library Culture Lab Health Club

• • • • • •

Services Appartments 1BHK Appartments Studio Appartments Live-work typology LIG - 2BHK EWS 183

Community Survey

Identifying Stakeholders By a detailed activity mapping of the place, the various users of the site and metro were observed and their needs amd problems were analysed.

Investigating what the stakeholders need?

People who use the metro to go to work, footover bridge also used activity to cross mathura road. People who travel for consultation & checkups to visit the 3 nearby multispeciality hospitals. Survey was conducted in a span of 4 days including weekdays and weekends to cover people coming to site for different purposes, also respondants were covered during different times of the day - early morning, office timings and evenings. Also residents living adjacent to the site were interviewed and surveyed to understand their needs.

SURVEY RESULTS Q1 Q1 Gender Gender

MaleMale Female Female

65%65% 35%35%

Q2 Q2 Age Age groupgroup

10yrs-18yrs 10yrs-18yrs 18yrs-35yrs 18yrs-35yrs 35yrs-50yrs 35yrs-50yrs 50+ yrs 50+ yrs

13%13% 51%51% 32%32% 4% 4%

Working Working Students Students Others Others

73%73% 21%21% 6% 6%

WorkWork StudyStudy Leisure Leisure for Medical for Medical consultation consultation

68%68% 19%19% 5% 5% 4% 4%

A survey was conducted to understand the Profession needs and problems of the various stake Q3 Q3 Profession holders of the place,who use the metro for various reasons and who live in the site’s vicinity. Q4 Q4 WhatWhat do you do travel you travel for byformetro by metro BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Profession

What do you travel for by metro

Do you live/work here

How far do you live

Do you come here to walk or play (to neighbourhood community)

What facilities are missing from your neighbourhood

Q10

What are the major problems

Table 2: Community survey | Source: Author

Working Students Others

73% 21% 6%

Work Study Leisure for Medical consultation Others

68% 19% 5% 4% 4%

Live Work Study others

82% 11% 6% 1%

5min walk 10min walk I come by rikshaw I come by 2 wheeler I come by a car

19% 23% 21% 23% 14%

Play Cycle Walk/Jog I don’t go there

2% 1% 14% 83%

Grocery stores Library Gym facilities Sports facilities Good places to eat Multiplex

63% 11% 14% 8% 57% 32%

Parking Lack of open spaces/Parks Access to the metro

99% 87% 94%

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

OBSERVATIONS & INFERENCES •

Most people using Metro live here and travel for work, hence there is a potential for convinience shooping.

•

Roughly 50% of people walk to the site, mkaing the pedestrian access to the site most crucial.

•

while others come to site by autos or private vehicles, and there is a huge influx of NMT vehicles which calls for proper drop off and waiting points.

•

Site is actively used as a public place for the residents living around it, and would like to see it evolve as a lively public space.

•

Facilities like grocery stores, libraries gym facilities restaurants and movie theatres are missing from the vicinity

•

Parking is a major issue near the site, and the street remains encroached by cars throughout the day.

•

Access to metro is not properly maintained and becomes difficult to access when it rains.

•

It is also found that the site used to be a public park 15 years ago, before its landuse was changed to commercial. In absence of nearly no public parks in the neighbourhood, there is a need for public green spaces. 185

OFFICES

RETAIL & ENTERTAINMEMT SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

10%

RESIDENTIAL

Detailed Area Program

40% 30%

20% Offices Retail & ent.

Residential Community use

Figure 247: Mix of components | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Table 3: Mix of components | Source: Author

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

OFFICES @ 40% 35% 40% of total total FAR FAR No.

40% 40% Facility Facility

unit unit area area(SQM) (SQM)

Built Builtup uparea area unit unitno. no.

32400 32400 Remarks Remarks

Area Area

1 Office spaces spaces

40%

21000 21000

Office space 11

900 900

8100 8100

Office space 22 Office space 33

600 600 300 300

3600 3600 7200 7200

Office space 44 2 Co-working

100 100

66 24 24 21 21

(couldbe beclubbed clubbedwith withretail) retail) 260 260 (could 100 100

100 100

12 12

10 10

120 120

40 40

Manager General Office Office pool pool (6 (6 pax) pax)

18 18 60 60

11 11

18 18 60 60

Maintenance & Housekeeping Housekeeping Staff cafeteria cafeteria

30 30 50 50

11 11

30 30 50 50

Small service providers providers like like --courier courierservices, services,mobile mobilerepair, repair,travel travelagents agentsetc etc Creche 4 Adminstrative && Management Management support support

100 sqm offices have been proposed as per the observed office sizes in existing facility.

5 Services Transformer, Transformer, electrical electrical room room&&generator generator

Co-Working space along with Innovation Hub (part of social infrastructure) has been proposed to encourage entrepreneurship and start-up in the manufacturing industry.

Mechanical services services -- pump pump room, room,water waterstorage, storage,waste wastewater watertreatment, treatment,emergency fire fighting & emergency fireBMS fighting & BMS HVAC Garbage collection collection && disposal disposal

OFFICES

158 158

2000 2000

400 400 400 400 24018 24000 24000

8400 8400 32400 32400

Total plinth plinth area area RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT @ 20% of total FAR No.

Facility

20% unit area (SQM)

Built up area unit no.

Area

1 RETAIL Big Departmental store

To Tobe bedevided devidedon oneach eachfloor floor

1000 1000

35% for walls, walls, toilets, toilets, pantries, pantries,tea-coffee tea-coffeevending vendingmachines, machines,lobbies lobbiesand andcirculation systems, cupboards stores, and emergency serverexits, rooms, switch circulationjanitor systems, janitor and cupboards stores, exits, emergency server rooms, rooms, electrical and mechanical support support areas onareas retailon floors switch rooms, electrical and mechanical retail floors

exclusive, exclusive,secure secureopen openspace space ofof100sqm 100sqm

50 50 30 30

Miscellaneous TOTAL CARPET AREA AREA

Table 4: Detailed area program part 1 | Source: Author

2100 2100 600 600

3 Office support support Banks

Office spaces of a range of sizes to accomodate big and small businesses.

Total TotalArea Area

16200 Remarks Total Area 6460

500

1000

187

35% for walls, toilets, pantries, tea-coffee vending machines, lobbies and circulation systems, janitor cupboards and stores, emergency exits, server rooms, switch rooms, electrical and mechanical support areas on retail floors

8400

Total plinth area

32400

RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT @ 20% of total FAR No.

Built up area

16200 Remarks

unit area (SQM) unit no. 80 15

Area 1200

Medium shops

40 500 24

302 60

1200 1000 1440

Small shops

1620

Informal market space

Anchor/Brand stores 1 RETAIL Large shops Big Departmental store

Facility

20%

Total Area 6460

120 sqm (not counted in FAR)

2 HOSPITALITY Restaurants (50 covers)

200

1000

Food court

500

Small cafes

200

coffee shops, ice-cream parlours and bakeries

150

stand alone food kiosks

3 MULTIPLEX

514

lobby and internal staircase, ticketing, lounge and concessions area

as per 0.3sqm per seat, toilets as per NBC

Cinema hall for 120 persons

144

288

as per 1.2 sqm per seat

Gold class cinema hall for 40 persons

as per 1.8 sqm per seat

Back of house & Projection area 5 GYM

70 100

6 GAMING ZONE

as per 0.25 sqm per seat

300

7 ADMINISTRATIVE & MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

149

Manager

Administrative & Operations office

Maintenance and house keeping

Security

staff cafeteria & lockers

8 SERVICES Transformer, electrical room & generator

divided on separate floors 9653 1220 13% of carpet area

450

Mechanical services - pump room, water storage, waste water treatment, emergency firefighting, BMS

300

HVAC

450

Garbage collection & disposal

RETAIL

10800

Add 50% for walls, toilets, pantries, tea-coffee vending machines, lobbies and circulation systems, janitor cupboards and stores, emergency exits, server rooms, switch rooms, electrical and mechanical support area.

5400

Total plinth area

16200

Table 5: Area program part 2 | Source: Author RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

30%

Built up area

A major component of convinience shopping has been provided to cater to the residential area on site and around the site, keeping in mind the footfall of the metro station. Multiplex has been proposed as there is no such facility in a radius of 5kms of the site.

10873 Total carpet area

20%

1930

24300 Remarks

Neighbourhood also lacks restaurants and food courts, also an increased footfall is expected due to the coming up of a college next to the site.

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR No.

30% Facility

unit area (SQM)

Built up area unit no.

24300 Remarks

Area

Total Area

1 SERVICED APPARTMENTS 1.1 LOBBY &ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE

30%

420

Lobby and Front Office

150

24 hour Reception cum Service Desk Counter manned by 3 staff members;

Waiting lounge with public toilets

Courier Desk with attached stoage space

25 40 15

Administrative Office General Manager

Associate Managers

Office area for accunts, administraton and maintenance

50 50

Staff Toilets 1.2 RESIDENTIAL AREA

Housing of millenials has been proposed considering the grwoing demand for small homes for individuals who are either studying or working and mostly travel by the metro.

Studio apartment

140

3500

bedroom, hall cum kitchenette & toilet

One bedroom apartment

4000

living dining & kitchen, bedroom & toilet

Two bedroom apartment 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

1500

House keeping section

A need for temporary accomodation has been cateed to, owing to the number of speciality hospitals in the vicinity for which people travel from other cities for treatment and seek accomodation for a few days or months.

RESIDENTIAL

Serviced appartments have been provided for people who have no time to manage homes because of work.

9000

610 House keeper's cabin, cabins for plumbing, electrical, carpentry & minor support, house keeping store & pantries, located to support a cluster of appartments

250

Security

Laundry

100

Poly-clinic cum emergency medical aid

Staff lockers & toilets

Staff Cafeteria

1.4 FACILITIES

650

Lounge/workplace

200

Swimming pool

150

Restaurant

300

1.5 SERVICES

750

Transformer, electrical rooms & generator

250

Mechanical services : hotwater boiler, pump room, water storage, waste water treatment, emergency fire fighting, BMS

150

HVAC

250

Garbage collection & disposal

Miscellaneous

total = 10780

2 HOUSING

189

1.4 FACILITIES

650

Lounge/workplace

200

Swimming pool

150

Restaurant

300

1.5 SERVICES Transformer, electrical rooms & generator C RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR Mechanical services : hotwater boiler, pump room, water storage, waste water No. treatment, emergency fire fighting, BMS Facility 1 HVAC SERVICED APPARTMENTS 1.1 LOBBY Garbage&ADMINISTRATIVE collection & disposalOFFICE

RESIDENTIAL

Lobby and Front Office Miscellaneous

24 hour Reception cum Service Desk Counter manned by 3 staff members; 2 HOUSING Waiting lounge with public toilets 2.1 EWS

Courier Desk attached stoage space Housing area with facilities like reception, security, mail room, visitor facilitation, Administrative Office 2.5 community hall, crèche, medical facility General Manager Associate Managers TOTAL CARPET AREA Office area for accunts, administraton and maintenance

750 250 Built up area 30% unit area (SQM) unit no. Area150 250 75

70 150 30

45 30 25

1401 1

E No.

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE @ 10% of the total FAR One bedroom apartment Facility

1 INNOVATION HUB Two bedroom apartment 1.1 Additive Manufacturing cell 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT 1.2 Augmented reality Lab

50 50

Staff Add Toilets 50% for walls, public areas & circulation systems 1.2 RESIDENTIAL AREA Total plinth area

Table 6: Studio Area program apartmentpart 3 | Source: Author

45 25 40

140

3500

10% 80 unit area (SQM)50 unit no.

4000 Area

1500

1.4 Computer Lab 1.5 Prototyping lab House keeping section 1.6 Robotics Arena

250

2 MULTIPURPOSE HALL

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

420 total = 10780 4200 15% of FAR given to EWS

Security

500 16200

8100 9000 24300

bedroom, hall cum kitchenette & toilet 8100 Remarks living dining & kitchen, Total Area bedroom & toilet 3000

300

House keeper's cabin, cabins for plumbing, electrical, carpentry & minor support, house keeping store & 300 pantries, located to support a 600 cluster of appartments

Laundry 4 HEALTH CLUB Poly-clinic cum emergency medical aid

100 50

5 LIBRARY Staff lockers & toilets

Staff Cafeteria

1.4 FACILITIES Lounge/workplace 6 CULTURE SwimmingLAB pool

200

Restaurant CARPET AREA 1.5TOTAL SERVICES

300

150

Transformer, electrical rooms & generator

250

Adding 35%services for walls & public areas Mechanical : hotwater boiler, pump room, water storage, waste water Total plinth area treatment, emergency fire fighting, BMS

150

HVAC

250

Total

Table 7: Area program part &4 disposal | Source: Author Garbage collection

Miscellaneous

Sport and gymming facilities, 900 meditation centres etc 450 650 Spaces which could be rented to conduct music,dance and

750 art classes etc 6000 6000 750

2100 8100

Housing area facilities like reception, security, mail room, visitor facilitation,

10%

140

Innovation Hub - To encourage young materials to develop new industrial products, provide world class facility for prototyping in manufacturing techniques to promote innovation.

Study Rooms - Leasable

classrooms for tuitons and coaching classes, which could be booked on hourly basis by tutors, equipped with infrastructure to facilitate digital learning.

Culture Lab - Facility to promote

81000 total = 10780

2 HOUSING BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD 2.1 EWS

SOHO - small office - Home office typology allowing for more flexibility for space planning and providing an environment that is suitable for one to work, play and live for the young professionals.

610

1.3 Learning Lab

3 STUDY ROOMS

24300 Remarks Total Area

4200 15% of FAR given to EWS

art and crafts, conduct workshops and classes.

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

Analysis of functional components

Table 8: Functional analysis | Source: Author

No. A

Functional Component

OFFICES 1 Office spaces

2 Co-working

User group Mostly employees who would

Public/semi public/ private

Characteristics

Access controlled - Access to daylight &

Adjascencies

Remarks

Parking

flexible spaces with

spend a cosiderable time of the

Semi public

greenery

Metro station

big floorplates.

day working in the office Office space users Visitors

semi public

Access to daylight &

Food court Innovation Hub

Air Conditioned

greenery

Parking

Service Access

Metro station B

RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT 1 RETAIL Big Departmental store

Anchor/Brand stores Large shops

Food court

Neighbourhood residents

Strategic entry point

Service entry for

People using the metro

though frontage is not

goods

People living on site People of the city, transit users,

important. Strategic location &

Transport options

neighbourhood residents

Public

Public Public

People of the city, transit users, Medium shops Small shops Informal market space

neighbourhood residents Metro commuters, neighbourhood residents

Located at places with maximum

Frontage

footfall. Strategic location &

Public Public Public

Frontage Open informal setting

Transit points

Located at places with maximum

191

2 HOSPITALITY Restaurants (50 covers) Food court

People of the city

Service kitchen

Public Public

Retail Multiplex Offices

Users of the site, transit users, Small cafes coffee shops, ice-cream parlours and bakeries stand alone food kiosks 3 MULTIPLEX lobby and internal staircase, ticketing, lounge and concessions area Cinema hall for 120 persons Gold class cinema hall for 40 persons Back of house & Projection area 6 GAMING ZONE C C

1 SERVICED APPARTMENTS 1 SERVICED APPARTMENTS 1.1 Lobby & Admin Office 1.1 Lobby & Admin Office

neighbourhood residents

Public Public Public Public People coming to watch movies Access controlled No daylight requirement Access controlled No daylight requirement, Access controlled

Private Private

One bedroom apartment One bedroom apartment

Private Private

2.5 Housing area facilities like reception, security, mail room, visitor facilitation, community hall, crèche BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

ideal to place on west Ticketing area

side since there is no

requires frontage

daylight requirement, hence little heat gain, also blank façade gives opportunity for

Private Access controlled No daylight requirement RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL

Studio apartment Studio apartment

1.3 Housekeeping and support facilities Two bedroom apartment 2 HOUSING 2.1 EWS 1.3 Housekeeping and support facilities 2.22 HOUSING 1BHK 2.1 2.4 EWS LIG Type 2 - 2 bedrooms

Metro station

large span structures

Public Public

daylight, compact, cross

Service kitchen

advertisements towards towards NH2 the NH2

direct vehicular drop direct vehicular drop off as well as off as well as pedestrian pedestrian connectivity connectivity

Lobby area on Lobby area on ground level and ground level and concourse level concourse level

ventilation, privacy, low daylight, compact, cross sound disturbances

ventilation, privacy, low

Private Private

sound disturbances

Private Private Private

daylight, compact, cross ventilation, privacy, low

Private

sound disturbances daylight, compact, cross

Semi-Public

ventilation, privacy, low

common facilities near lobby areas

Two bedroom apartment

Private

1.3 Housekeeping and support facilities 2.3 Live-work typology (20%) 2 HOUSING 2.1 EWS

Private Semi-Private Private

daylight, compact, cross

2.5 Housing area facilities like reception, security, mail 2.5 Housing area facilities like reception, security, mail room, visitor facilitation, community hall, crèche room, visitor facilitation, community hall, crèche E SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 1 INNOVATION HUB

Semi-Public Semi-Public

ventilation, privacy, low

Semi-public

Large span spaces for

entrepreneurs, students, product developers, semi public function

2 MULTIPURPOSE HALL

Events & Functions

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS adjacent to retail/office ideally on concourse

and more public area level or the level below it common facilities common facilities near lobby areas near lobby areas Coworking space

prototyping, daylit

carry large products

Semi-Public

Vehicular access and preferably on lower parking, open green

levels

space Library

Mid levels

3 STUDY ROOMS

Students

Semi-Public

4 HEALTH CLUB

Neighbour residents, people

Semi-Public

5 LIBRARY

living on site Students, reading enthusiasts

Semi-Public

preferably complimented

Study room

Semi-Public

with green spaces preferably complimented

café Café, Food court

6 CULTURE LAB

all age groups

Large size lifts to

quiet spaces

Residential area Residential area

with green spaces

PARKING REQUIREMENTS AS PER HARYANA BULDING CODE Table 9: Parking requirements | Source: Author

OFFICES @ 35% of total FAR

RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT @ 20% of total FAR

RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE @ 10% of the total FAR

Surface parking - 12% of total ECS = 90 ECS

total carpet area ECS No. of Cars 40% 22018 2 440 20% 9653 2 193 30% 16367 0.5 82 10% 6000 0.5 30 total = 745 193

Open Spaces Offices Co-working spaces

In the adjoining figure, the open spaces in the project have been correlated with the various built components. Similar coloured squars represents a desired direct connection between two entities

Retail Restaurants Green spaces Activity Nodes Informal Market Semi-private open spaces semi-private greens

Food court Housing Innovation lab Library Health club Culture lab Multi-purpose hall Creche

Figure 248: Open space - built function relationship diagram | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

PROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

Inter-relationship Diagram

OFFICES

RESIDENTIAL

CO-WORKING

LIBRARY

INNOVATION LAB

STUDY ROOMS

INFORMAL MARKET

RESTAURANTS

NMT

TRANSIT RETAIL & FOOD INFORMAL MARKET

COLLEGE

MULTIPLEX Figure 249: Zoning and space relationship diagram | Source: Author

HEALTH CLUB

CULTURE LAB 195

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

06 Technology SERVICES

6.01 Water demand calculation 6.02 Water Balance diagram 6.03 Water Harvesting Calculation 6.04 Parking requirement & strategies 6.05 Toilet calculations 6.06 Lift & Escalator 6.07 HVAC Technologies 6.08 Electricity consumption 6.09 Photovoltaic calculations STRUCTURE 6.10 Structures as a driver 6.11 Structure as a system SUSTAINABILITY 6.12 Sustainability checklist 6.12 Storm water management 6.13 Terrace gardens SAFETY

6.14 Life & safety 6.15 National Building code requirements 6.16 Haryana building code requirements

SUSTAINABILITY CHECKLIST

As per LEED Neighbourhood Development sustaianble strategies

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

¬ Points to remember while designing a sustainable development

•

o o o o o o

DESIGN CONSCIOUSNESS • Design to encourage daily physical activity associated with walking and bicycling. • To improve public health by encouraging utilitarian and recreational physical activity. - providing usable open spaces • Infrastructure requirements - bicycle storage – both short and long term, showers and lockers near the storage. • Walkable streets – tree-lined and shaded - To improve public health by providing safe, appealing, and comfortable street environments that encourage daily physical activity and avoid pedestrian injuries. • Design functional entries of buildings from walkable and cyclable networks or public spaces instead of parking lots. • Design to humanize scale – built to built relationship and built to open relationships, Use of tree and urban elements, use of art etc on walls, making sure there are no blank solid walls, focusing on street level façade. • Access to civic and public space - To provide open space close to work and home that enhances community participation and improves public health. • Visitabili¬ty and Universal design - To increase the proportion of areas usable by a wide spectrum of people, regardless of age or ability.

Location efficiency Sensitive resources protection Multi-modal travel Public health & social equity Energy efficiency & climate protection Water efficiency & resource protection

SITE & PROJECT SELECTION • Development within and near existing communities and public transit infrastructure is encouraged. - Site is next to Badhkal Mor metro station. • Promote bicycling and transportation efficiency and reduce vehicle distance traveled. - Hence Transit Oriented Development. • Compact development - To promote livability, walkability, reduce vehicle distance traveled. To leverage and support transit investments. • Mixed use neighborhoods – with job and housing proximity -To reduce vehicle distance traveled and automobile dependence, encourage daily walking, biking, and transit use, and support carfree living by providing access to diverse land uses. • Diversity of housing types and affordability - To promote socially equitable and engaging neighborhoods by enabling residents from a wide range of economic levels, household sizes, and age groups to live in a community.

Access to recreational facilities near work and home spaces to facilitate physical activity and social networking. - impacting area programme

TECHNOLOGY

LANDSCAPING • Conserve native plants and wildlife - use native • or adaptive species for landscaping • Use xeriscaping to conserve water, reduce turf area so as to reduce water losses due to transpiration. • Reduce surface parking footprint • selection of efficient irrigation systems like drip irrigation etc. Reducing water run-off. TECHNOLOGY • Integrated services – to reduce energy consumption and optimization. Eg. Use of district cooling and heating systems to reduce energy use. • Optimizing daylight inside the buildings there by reducing lighting loads at the same time taking care of glare and heat ingress. • Creating sustainable water balance – reusing and treating grey water, reducing use of water by choosing the right fixtures. • Rainwater management - To reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the natural hydrology and water balance of the site. • Minimize site disturbance - To preserve existing noninvasive trees, native plants, and pervious surfaces. • Heat Island Reduction – use high SRI materials for roof and non-roof areas, use vegetation. • Solar orientation – to encourage energy efficiency, tap on passive and active solar strategies. • Renewable energy production - Incorporate onsite nonpolluting renewable energy generation • Waste-water management – to collect and treat

wastewater to replace portable water. Solid-waste management – proper collection, sorting and disposal of solid waste, with recycling wherever possible, to minimize waste going into landfills. Provide proper infrastructure for solid waste management.

Table 10: Sustainability checklist | LEED ND Manual

199

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

TECHNOLOGY

SUSTAINABILITY - GREEN DESIGN STRATEGY REDUCTION

EFFICIENCY

recovery

Renewable energy

- N-S Orientation for majority massing - Insulation - 0.20 U Value - WWR - 45% - Adequate daylighting - Design of shading devices - Shaded open spaces - Pervious paving

- Use of recycled material in construction - Radiant cooling system - BMS - To optimise systems - Low flow fixtures

- Solid waste treatment - Sewage treatment plant - Heat recovery systems

- Solar PV Panels

Selected site is a brown field site, loacted in a high density locality. It is accessible by more than 4 types of public transport - metro, buses, NMT, train

Water harvesting along with other water conservations strategies have been adopted. Including dual flushing system, low flow fixtures, water recycling and xeriscaping.

Figure 250: Sustainability categories | Source: LEED ND

WELL Rating concepts have been adopted in offices and other public spaces including ensuring healthy air quality and ventilatilation. Along with adopting technologies with zero CFCs and other harmful vapours and chemicals.

Reuse of construction debris Low energy systems along from demolition waste as well with integrated building as locally sourced materals are management system has been promoted. propsed, along with radiant cooling and solar power capture to reduce energy consumption. 201

Analysis

Energy and water savings have been achieved by using the below mentioned measures to conserve energy and water Energy Efficiency Measures

Water Efficiency Measures

1. Window to Wall ratio - 45% 2. Reflective paint/tiles for roofs 3. Insulation of roof U-Value - 0.447 4. Insulation of external wall s U-Value - 0.45 5. Low E-Coated glass 6. Energy Efficient ceiling fans for office spaces 7. Air conditioning with water cooled chiller 8. Heat recovery system 9. Radiant cooling system 10. VRV cooling system 11. Energy saving light bulbs 12. Light controls for corridors and staircases 13. Occupancy & daylight sensors

1. Low flow faucets in all bathrooms 2. Dual flush for water closets 3. Water efficient urinals 4. Rainwater harvesting system 5. Grey water treatment and recycling system 6. Black water treatment and recycling system.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 251: Energy savings | Source: EDGE Report

Figure 252: Water savings | Source: EDGE Report

TECHNOLOGY

Energy Efficiency by design Strategies adopted to achieve energy efficiency by adopting active and passive means

Building shape & Orientation

Insulated Walls & Roof

Optimum Windowwall ratio Figure 253: Energy efficiency by design | Source: Author

Efficient system design

Daylit spaces with efficient windows

Smart Building systems

Efficient technologies Radiant cooling is 30% more efficient 203

Solar Heat Gain analysis

Solar heat gain analysis - cumulated annually

NORTH

Maximum heat gain is found to be from South and West facade, facades with low heat gains like under projections and in north can have more glazing to ensure adequate sunlight in inner spaces, with adopted lower window to wall ratio in South and West facades.

Orientation and Self Shading Since the longer dimension of the site is East-West facing, the buildings are placed transverse to the site to maintain almost North-South orientation to control heat again and solar acess, cores are placed to the east and west edges of the buildings to act as buffer zones. All building blocks enjoy North-South sun access to sun with adequate sun shading devices to cut the glare and direct sun.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

EAST

WEST

1 Affordable Housing Oriented 4 degrees from N-S orientation 2

Services Apartments Oriented 13 degrees from N-S orientation

Office Block 2 Oriented -11 degrees from N-S orientation Office Block 1 Oriented 4 degrees from N-S orientation

SOUTH

TECHNOLOGY

WINTER MONTHS 8.00 am

12.00 pm

4.00 pm

SUMMER MONTHS 8.00 am

12.00 pm

4.00 pm

Public areas on the ground remain shaded for people to split out during lunch hours, Also terraces faces south let people enjoy the winter sun during winters.

Massing on the west helps shade the open spaces in the evening, making these places available for people to spill out.

Morning hours, are mostly shaded, providing a comfortable access to the metro station through site.

205

WEST FACADE

West Facade - Vertical teracotta sections have been used on the faced covering the entire west facing walls, these sections provide an extra layer of insulation, helps block the west sun-light and also helps in mutual shading . These colourful vertical members also help create interest on the facade facing highway. Window to wall ratio - 30%

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Fenestrations has been designed with considerations of the orientation and sun path, to maximum daylight and reducing heat gain.

South Facade A combination of vertical and horizontal

members have been used to shade the viweing panes, light shelves have been used extensively to maximize daylight penetration. West Facade An extra layer of vertical members have been adopted to reduce the heat gains from the west along with managing harsh daylight from the west. North Facade Extensive use of glass has been done to let the diffused daylight inside the building with miminum heat gains. East Facade Glass with external movable verticle fins have been used to cut direct sunlight.

WEST

SOUTH

SOUTH FACADE During the day, the façade is activated by brilliant transparent solar panels, enabling the building to generate and save energy. At night, the façade is activated by using integrated LEDs creating a beautiful atmosphere and making it possible to communicate with the surroundings. only the light we need enters the building, while the light we do not need, is turned into electricity.

How it works?

TECHNOLOGY

1. Panels automatically track the sun.

Transparent solar panels as louvres on South facade, which helps shade the facade while generating energy.

2. Solar energy is produced

ACT I VE

ade

Active fac

FA S

Double skin facade - Climate facade for improved energy performance. - Heat buffer for improved indoor climate. - Sound barrier in case of noisr environments. - Facade depth is 1m.

Daylight is controlled.

Facade becomes media wall.

207

Facade S South Wall Facade

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS FOR OFFICE BUILDING (B2) TO CHECK FOR DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

Photovoltaic Calculations Schematic of Solar PV system

Light shelve for daylight penetration

Solar panel louvres

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Available Available roofroof areaarea fro solar fro solar panels panels = = 42004200 sq.Msq.M TECHNOLOGY LossLoss area area = 5% = of 5% available of available open open space, space, so that so that area area can can be be Available roof area fro solar panels = 4200 sq.M calculated calculated for installing for installing solar solar panel panel = Available = Available space space loss loss area area Loss area = 5% of available open space, so that area can be calculated for installing Effective Effective installation installation areaarea =solar=panel = Available space - loss area 39903990 sq.Msq.M

Available Available roof area roof area fro solar fro solar panels panels = = LossLoss area area = 5%=of5% available of available openopen space, space, so that so area that area can be can be calculated calculated for installing for installing solarsolar panelpanel = Available = Available spacespace - loss- area loss area Effective Effective installation installation area area = =

42004200 sq.Msq.M

39903990 sq.Msq.M

Tilt Angle Tilt Angle Calculation Calculation Optimum Optimum angles angles = = X = latitude X = latitude of siteof (Faridabad) site (Faridabad) = = Solar Panel louvered glazing Optimum Optimum angleangle = 0.76*28.64+3.1 = 0.76*28.64+3.1 = = Solar Panels

Shadow Shadow Angle Angle Calculation Calculation

Effective installation area =

Tilt Angle Calculation Optimum Optimum angles angles = = Optimum angles = (Faridabad) X=X latitude = latitude of site of site (Faridabad) = = X = latitude of site (Faridabad) = Optimum Optimum angle angle = 0.76*28.64+3.1 = 0.76*28.64+3.1 = =

0.76*X+3.1 0.76*X+3.1

0.76*X+3.1 28.64 28.64 degrees degrees 28.64 degrees 24.87 24.87 degrees degrees 24.87 degrees

Optimum angle = 0.76*28.64+3.1 =

Shadow Angle Calculation

To avoide excessive excessive shadowing, shadowing, the arrays the arrays havehave to spaces to spaces apartapart by aby a 0.76*X+3.1 0.76*X+3.1 To avoide To avoide excessive shadowing, the arrays have to spaces apart by a distance,d, in relation in relation to the to module the module width width 28.6428.64 degrees degrees distance,d, distance,d, in relation to the module width cos cos cos B +BBsin B/tan sinB/tan B/tan E EE 24.8724.87 degrees degrees d/a=d/a= d/a= ++sin where where E= 90 E=degrees 90degrees degrees - y --y-xy- x- x where E= 90 28.64 28.64 28.64 fromfrom the the above the above above equation equation from equation E=E 90-23.5-28.64 90-23.5-28.64 = == = 90-23.5-28.64

37.86 37.86 degrees degrees 37.86 degrees

of panel: 1m*2m area; twotwo panels mounted length SizeSize of each of each each panel: panel: 1m*2m 1m*2m = 2= sq.M =2 sq.M 2 sq.M area; area; two panels panels mounted mounted length length To remove shadowing of panels a distance of 1.1m is left To remove To remove shadowing shadowing of panels of panels a distance a distance of 1.1m of 1.1m is left is left

28.6428.64 from from the above the above equation equation E = 90-23.5-28.64 E = 90-23.5-28.64 = =

is wasted is wasted is wasted Effective space ==(100-24)% installation areaarea Effective Effective space space = (100-24)% (100-24)% of of effective ofeffective effective installation installation area 37.8637.86 degrees degrees No. of panels ==effectice space/area one panel No. No. of solar of solar solar panels panels = effectice effectice space/area space/area ofofone of one panel panel == = Power generated from each panel = Power Power generated generated fromfrom eacheach panel panel = = Size Size of each of each panel:panel: 1m*2m 1m*2m = 2 sq.M = 2 sq.M area;area; two panels two panels mounted mounted lengthlength Total electricity generated = (in KW) TotalTotal electricity electricity generated generated = (in=KW) (in KW) To remove To remove shadowing shadowing of panels of panels a distance a distance of 1.1m of 1.1m is leftis left

is wasted is wasted Effective Effective spacespace = (100-24)% = (100-24)% of effective of effective installation installation area area No. ofNo. solar of solar panels panels = effectice = effectice space/area space/area of one of panel one panel = = Power Power generated generated from from eacheach panelpanel = =

30323032 sq.Msq.M 15161516 230 W 230 W

TotalTotal electricity electricity generated generated = (in =KW) (in KW)

349 KW 349 KW

factor =

factor factor = =

3032 sq.M 30323032 sq.Msq.M 1516 15161516 230 W

230 230 W W

349 KW

349 349 KW KW

230x1516x0.75 230x1516x0.75 230x1516x0.75 261.54 KW

261.54 KW KW End power use= actual power output X combined efficiency = 261.54 x 261.54 EndEnd power power use=use= actual actual power power output output X combined X combined efficiency efficiency = 261.54 = 261.54 x 211.85 x 0.81 KW 0.810.81 211.85 211.85 KW KW Peak load factor = 20% ; Operating hours = 4.8 PeakPeak loadenergy load factor factor = 20% = 20% ; Operating hours hours = 4.8 = 4.8 use x operating Total production by; Operating PV panels = end power TotalTotal energy energy production by PV by panels PV panels = end = end power power use use x operating x operating 1016.9 kWh hours = production

230x1516x0.75 230x1516x0.75 hours hours = = 261.54 261.54 KW KW End power End power use=use= actualactual powerpower output output X combined X combined efficiency efficiency = 261.54 = 261.54 x x 0.81 0.81 211.85 211.85 KW KW PeakPeak load load factorfactor = 20% = 20% ; Operating ; Operating hourshours = 4.8= 4.8 Figure 254: Location of Solar PV | Source: Author

3990 sq.M

Tilt Tilt Angle Angle Calculation Calculation

Shadow Shadow Angle Angle Calculation Calculation

To avoide To avoide excessive excessive shadowing, shadowing, the arrays the arrays havehave to spaces to spaces apartapart by a by a distance,d, distance,d, in relation in relation to thetomodule the module widthwidth d/a= d/a= cos Bcos + sin B +B/tan sin B/tan E E wherewhere E= 90E=degrees 90 degrees - y - x- y - x

factorfactor = =

1016.9 1016.9 kWhkWh

209

Water demand calculation Domestic Flushing Total Total Water Total water Occupancy water water domestic flushing demand demand/day load Factor Area occupants demand/p demand/per water water /person (A) (Litres/day) sqm/person erson (A) son (B) demand demand + (B)

Overhead Tank capacity (cu.m)

Underground tank capacity (cu.m)

Residential

12.5 17357

1389

124971

62486

135

187457

125

Offices

10 24000

2400

60000

48000

108000

Assembly Fixed seating Multipurpose Hall

0.65 487.5

280 750

5 5

10 10

1400 3750

2800 7500

15 15

15450 4200 11250

4 6000

1500

37500

30000

67500

15 35 70

84597 22375 9722 52500

Institutional Mencantile Retail Food court Restaurants

6 8950 1.8 500 1.8 1350

TOTAL

4660 As per NBC Vol1, Part 4, table 3, pg-29

Table 11: Water demand | Source:Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

1492 278 750

5 25 55

10 10 15

7458 6944 41250

14917 2778 11250

283274 179730

463004 As per NBC Vol2, Part 9, Table 1, pg12

1/3 rd of total capacity

2/3 rd of total capacity

TECHNOLOGY

Water Balance Diagram HARVESTED WATER FILTER

SERVICES

MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY

GREY WATER

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

BLACK WATER LANDSCAPING SLUDGE

Figure 255: Water balance diagram | Source: Author

Sewage Treatment Plant calculations Total water requirement Total domestic requirement Total flushing requirement Size of STP = 75% of domestic usage + 100% of flushing usage Thus required size of STP Using Thumb rule, that area required for the plant is roughly 60% of the capacity Area Required for the treatment is

= 463 kL = 283 kL = 180 kL

= 392 kL = 400 Cu.m = 240 sqM

The sewage generated during the operation phase will be treated upto the tertiary level in STP. The treated water will reused for toilet flushing, landscaping etc in the project.

Figure 256: Diagram of a typical STP | Source: https://shipfever.com/sewage-treatment-plant/

211

WATER TANKS

PUMP ROOMS

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

4. 1.

2. 3. 1. Water tanks for retail areas

3. Water tanks for office building & retail

2. Water tanks for office building

4. Water tanks for residence and public places on lower levels

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

TECHNOLOGY

Water Harvesting Calculations

Storm Water Management A bioswale is a landscape device that collects surface runoff water and subjects it to a gentle path through the root system of a planted bed. This process succeeds in catching and retaining water in the biomass of the plant matter (thereby reducing the volume that eventually leaves the bioswale), but it also (with the help of specific plant species) provides a decontamination treatment for the water that passes through it, reducing pH levels and removing contaminants.

Rain Water Harvesting Annual Rainfall in Faridabad = 542mm Runoff volume = Surface area x Runoff Coefficient x Annual Rainfall

sno.

space

1 roof area 2 terrace garden

surface type

cemented/tiled roof roof garden (201500mm thickness)

Total harvesting potential in cu.m =

run-off run-off Area (sqm) coiefficient volume as per IGBC (cubic m)

7083

0.95

3647

7083

0.6

2303

Figure 257: Working of a bioswale | Source: https://www.symbioticcities.net/index.cfm?id=65088&modex=blogid&modexval=18616&blogid=18616

5950

Table 12: Rain water harvesting potential | Source: Author

Daily fresh water consumption = 283.3 cu.m Days of water autonomy achieved = 21 days Days of water autonomy achieved if used only for retail and offices = 51 days Rain Water storage tank capacity designed to store water from 5 days of continous rain as per peak one day rainfall = 40mm/1000*(7085*0.95+7083*0.6) = 439cu.m = 2 tanks of size 8mx7mx4m

CURB BEYOND CURB CUT PAVING GRAVEL BASE SOIL MIXTURE: 50% SAND, 30% TOPSOIL, 20%COMPOST REINFORCED CONCRETE PERFORATED PIPE CONNECTING TH CATCH BASIN GRAVEL PIPE BED GRAVEL BASE

Figure 258: Section of a bioswale | Source: http://bigwalnutwatershed.org/ images/bioswale%20enlargement.jpg

213

Terrace Gardens/ Green roofs

Why green roofs? •

• • • • •

Are aesthecially and psychologically pleasing Helps in moderations of Urban Heat Island effect Creates new community & recreational spaces Leads to lesser energy requirements by reducing heat gain from roofs. Improves health & Well-being Helps in storm water management

Tyoes of green roofing systems

Green Roof construction

The depth of the green roof section depends on the kind of plants one wants to grow on the roof, this has a bearing not only on the sectional depth but also the load put on the structure. Based on this criteria grrn roofs can be divided into 3 types ; 1. Intensive green roofs 2. semi intensive green roofs 3. extensive green roofs Extensive green roofs usually exist solely for their environmental benefits and don’t function as accessible rooftop gardens. Semi-intensive green roofs are the most commonly adopted type of green roof, as the structural bearing is limited allowing a wide varity of plants.

There are three waterproofing design elements that are essential to the success of the system: 1. Support of added weight to the building. There has to be an inherent compatibility of the rooftop garden and the structure. 2. Integrity of the waterproofing membrane and system. 3. Location and size of the roof drains.

Rooftop garden construction consists of two equally important phased applications: 1. the waterproofing application and 2. the garden assembly.

Design considerations • •

Resutls in additional weight on the structure. Installation costs are high

CLASSIC GREEN Green roofs and roof-top gardens have existed for thousands of years. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, used an elaborate irrigation system to create a terraced garden paradise outside of modern-day Baghdad. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Extensive green

Semi-intensive green roofs

Intensive green roofs

Overall depth

75-150mm

150-500mm

500-1500mm

Load

0.7-1.7KN/sqm

1.8-5KN/sqm

5-20KN/sqm

Plants

Sediums, mosses, perennials Low

Perennails, small shrubs, lawns Medium

shrubs, trees & lawns

Ecological protection layer

Accessible green roof

Praks & gardens

Maintenance Use

High

Table 13: Types of green roofs | Source:Author | Data source: https://sustainability.asu.edu/urban-climate/green-roof-calculator/

TECHNOLOGY

Rooftop gardens require a membrane that meets the following characteristics: • • • • • •

Resists water & root penetration. Can withstand severe temperature changes and atmospheric conditions. Is flexible to meet building movement at construction joints and intersections. Can withstand attacks by insects and microorganisms, subsoil animals and soil chemicals. Can stay in place over an indefinite life span without deterioration. Can remain submerged in wet conditions for substantial periods of time.

The membrane system must be durable enough to resist mechanical damage from gardening tools, the penetration of plant roots, and last without repair or replacement for the life of the building. Membrane Construction Rooftop garden membrane construction consists of three components: 1. The waterproofing membrane. 2. Protection board. 3. Insulation. Protection Board The protection board is applied over the waterproofing membrane and serves as the protective barrier of the membrane during garden construction. The protection board also protects the

membrane from damage by garden tools and mechanical equipment. This material should be hard, strong and durable. After the initial installation it remains in place and becomes an integral part of the completed system. GROWTH MEDIUM PLANTINGS FILTER FABRIC RESEVOIR LAYER WITH OPTIONAL AGGREGATE MOISTURE-RETENTION LAYER AERATION LAYER

1 2 3

Right Figure 259: terrace garden

section | Source: Author Left Figure 260: Location of terraces gardens | Source: Author

4 5

LOCATION LOCATION OF OF TERRACE GARDENS TERRACE GARDENS

THERMAL INSULATION 6 DRAINAGE LAYER ROOT BARRIER PROTECTION COURSE WATER PROOFING MEMBRANE STRUCTURAL DECK-PRIME AS REQUIRED

215

Xeriscaping

Xeriscaping is the practice of designing a landscape to limit the need for irrigation. These landscapes generally require little water beyond the annual rainfall. Extensive use of xeriscaping and minimum use of grass has been done on the terrace gardens thereby reducing water requirement for landscaping.

Reference for plant species selection GRIHA’s document - Agro-climatic zones and native species for each zone in India has been refered to choose native, less water demanding species for the climatic zone of NCR.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

TECHNOLOGY

HVAC Technologies

Calculation of cooling load for the project Built up area A OFFICES @ 35% of total FAR A

Considering reduction of heat gains by using appropirate wall and roof insulation strategies, the cooling load to be 1 ton per 25 sqm. All usuable air conditioned spaces have been calculated to derive the total air-conditioning load. And as per usage patterns and laods, a combination of systems appropriate for diverse functions has been adopted.

Combination of systems adopted Affordable Housing Natural Ventilation Serviced Apartmnets Water cooled centralised HVAC system with AHU & FCUs. Retail Natural Ventilation + Water cooled centralised HVAC system with AHU & FCUs Offices Radiant Cooling supported by active HVAC system + VRV

No. No.

OFFICES @ 35% of total FAR

Facility Facility

1 Office spaces 1 Office spaces 2 Co-working 2 Co-working 3 Office support 3 Office support 4 Adminstrative & Management support 4 Adminstrative & Management support B RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT @ 20% of total FAR B RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT @ 20% of total FAR No. Facility No. Facility 1 RETAIL 1 RETAIL 2 HOSPITALITY 2 HOSPITALITY 3 MULTIPLEX 3 MULTIPLEX 5 GYM 5 GYM 6 GAMING ZONE 6 GAMING ZONE 7 ADMINISTRATIVE & MANAGEMENT SUPPORT 7 ADMINISTRATIVE & MANAGEMENT SUPPORT C RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR C RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR No. Facility No. Facility 1 SERVICED APPARTMENTS 1 SERVICED APPARTMENTS E SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE @ 10% of the total FAR E SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE @ 10% of the total FAR No. Facility No. Facility 1 INNOVATION HUB 1 INNOVATION HUB 2 MULTIPURPOSE HALL 2 MULTIPURPOSE HALL 3 STUDY ROOMS 3 STUDY ROOMS 4 HEALTH CLUB 4 HEALTH CLUB 5 LIBRARY 5 LIBRARY 6 CULTURE LABfor residences Open space 6 CULTURE LABfor residences Open space

32400 Total air conditioned area Built up area 32400 Total air conditioned area Area Total Area 22018 Area Total Area 22018 21000 21000 600 600 260 260 158 158 Built up area 16200 Built up area 16200 Area Total Area 9653 Area Total Area 9653 6460 6460 1930 1930 514 514 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 149 149 Built up area 24300 Built up area 24300 Area Total Area 5877 Area Total Area 5877 5877 5877 8100 8100 Area Total Area 5250 Area Total Area 5250 3000 3000 450 450 250 300 250 300 1000 1000 500 500 750 300 750 300

TOTAL AIR CONDITIONED BUILT-UP AREA TOTAL AIR CONDITIONED BUILT-UP AREA AIR CONDITIONING LOAD AIR CONDITIONING LOAD TOTAL AIR-CONDITIONING LOAD TOTAL AIR-CONDITIONING LOAD

1 Ton/25 sqm 1 Ton/25 sqm

Capacity

space requirement per colling tower

weight per cooling tower

50-100 TR

5m x 4m

2500kg

125-175 TR

6m x 4m

5000kg

200-300 TR

7m x 4m

6000kg

325-400 TR

7m x 5m

7500kg

425-600 TR

8m x 5m

10000

42798 sqm 42798 sqm 1712 Tons 1712 Tons

Table 14: Cooling load calculation | Source: Author

217

Proposed HVAC System components 4 chillers (capacity 450TR) : 450 x 4 = 1800TR Chiller combination = 3 centrifugal + 1 screw chiller - to optimise the efficieny which operating on lower capacities. Plant Room size Capacity

size of plant room (sqm)

1x10 tons

2x20 tons

2x50 tons

2x100 tons

2x120 tons

2x200 tons

100

1x500 tons

130

2x500 tons

250

4x500 tons

500

Table 15: Plant room size calculation| Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 261: Central HVAC System | Source: NZEB

Floor area requirements for AHU room shall be as under: For AHU’s upto 340 CMM For AHU’s upto 680 CMM

: 4.5X3.5M : 5.5x4.5M

A combination of 4 cooling towers can be used of capacity 450 TR. USE OF HEAT EXCHANGER TO REDUCE COOLING LOADS To maintain freshair balance, a number of air exchanges occur, where stale air is let out, and fresh air is taken in, stale air is cooler than the warmer fresh air, heat exchangers, help transfer this heat

Figure 262: Heat recovery | Source: NZEB

from fresh air to stale air, making the fresh air cooler as cooler and there by saving energy. Less energy is required to further cool down the air as it is precooled.

TECHNOLOGY

Radiant Cooling Guiding principle of a conventional air conditioning system is convection whereas in a radiation system, it is heat transfer through radiation. Heat transfer predominately occurs through surfaces like floors, ceiling, or wall Figure 265: Radiant cooling | which in turn are heated or cooled by embedded coils. Radiant systems are Source: NZEB installed in combination of large thermal mass to facilitate absorption and radiation. For optimizing performance of the systems, coils should be installed in floors for heating purposes, and in ceiling for all cooling purposes. Types of radiant cooling Chilled slabs: These deliver cooling through the building structure, usually slab, and are also known as thermally activated building systems. Ceiling panels: These deliver cooling through specialized panels. Case Studies 1. UNNATI building, Noida - Ar. Ashok B. Lal 2. Infosys SDB-1,Hyderabad Cons

With a ventilation air system, thermal Sections with leaking or blocked radiant mass can significantly reduce the need pipes have to be closed, disrupting of air side systems reducing the fan supply in the process power in HVAC system drastically

Additional savings due to lower supply Condensate formation on the cold temperature of chilled water (about 7-9 radiant surface results in water damage, °C lower) moulds etc. Better comfort conditions are maintained Complicated controls required skilled inside the space maintenance staff Not easy to maintain temperatures below 23 °C Table 16: Radiant cooling analysis | Source: Author

Radiant cooling

Condensation reduces cooling capacity. Hence an efficient envelope with non-openable windows is required Efficient air-conditioning

Noise and drafts of air movement are removed. There are no diffusers in the way of décor and cleaning

Cooling energy consumption (kWh/m2/year)

Standard air-contioning

Pros

Figure 263: Colling energy consumption | Source: Infosys report

Figure 264: Radiant cooling | Source: Ashok B Lall Architects

219

Building Automations system

Physical infrastructure requirements for BAS Installation Core functions of a building automations system

A command centre to process the data gathered by the entire building using various sensors needs to be established, from where all systems could be controlled. A proper communication system needs to be setup which can include data cables, LV Shafts, Wifi or LiFi systems to enable facilitate transfer of data. Using of HVAC, Plumbing and other equipments compatible with BAS technology.

Components of a Building Automation system SENSORS

A centralized networked system hardware and software that monitors and controls a building’s facility systems (electricity, lighting, plumbing, HVAC, water supply, etc.) When facilities are monitored and controlled in a seamless fashion,tenants and facility management benefits from sustainable practices and reduced energy costs. Today’s technology allows a building to learn from itself. A modern BAS monitors facility systems, optimizes for maximum efficiency, remembers who enters which rooms at what times, and adjusts to conserve energy. That’s why automated buildings are called “smart buildings.” BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

To control the building’s environment

Devices that measure values such as CO2 output, temperature, humidity, daylight or room occupancy.

Services controlled by BAS Electrical systems

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems

CONTROLLERS To operate systems as per occupant and energy demand. To monitor and correct system peformance.

To alert or sound alarms when needed. Figure 266: Functions of BAS | Source: Author

take data from sensors and decide how the system will respond.

Lighting systems

OUTPUT DEVICES

They carry out the commands from the controller. e.g., relays and actuators.

COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS

The language spoken among the components of the BAS. E.g.,BACnet.

DASHBOARD OR USER INTERFACE Screens or interfaces humans use to interact with the BAS where building data are reported.

Mechanicals systems

Plumbing systems

Security systems

Surviellance systems

TECHNOLOGY

LiFi technology for offices

Sets up lighting and HVAC systems to operate on an intelligent/ efficient schedule. Tells when HVAC is running both heating and cooling, to reduce utility costs

What can BAS do? Coordinates components and facilities to work together for greater efficiency. Identifies who and when someone is entering and leaving a building.

Senses emergencies and turns off facilities that could endanger occupants. Optimizes incoming air flow to regulate air quality, temperature and comfort.

Alerts cameras, records activity, sends alarm and data to a security team. Figure 268: BAS | Source: Author

LiFi is a way of transmitting data that using light waves instead of the radio waves used by Wi-Fi. The technology was developed at the University of Edinburgh and introduced to the world by Professor Harald Haas in a TED Talk in 2011. LiFi has “enormous potential” The technology will reportedly allow data to be transferred at rates up to 100 times faster than Wi-Fi, as the light spectrum is 10,000 times larger than the spectrum used for radio waves. “While radio frequencies are becoming congested, the visible light spectrum is an untapped resource with a large bandwidth suitable for the stable simultaneous connection of a vast array of Internet of Things devices,” - Olivia Qiu, chief innovation officer at Philips Lighting.

How LiFi from philips lighting works?

Why LiFi Detects problems (elevator stuck with people inside) and sends an alert.

• Reliable • Secure • Fast

Figure 267: LiFi | Source: https://www.signify.com/en-in/innovation/ trulifi

221

Toilet calculations OFFICES

RETAIL

Table 17: Office building toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016

Table 18: shopping malls & retail toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016

Office area - 22000sqm (1000sqm/floor) Occupancy factor - 10 No. of Occupants - 2200 (100) No. of males - 1100 (50) No. of females - 1100 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Males WC 2 Urinals 3 Wash basins 2 Req. per floor

Females 4 2

Retail area - 10800sqm Occupancy factor - 6 No. of Occupants - 1800 No. of males - 900 No. of females - 900 (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Males WC 18 Urinals 18 Wash basins 18

Females 18 18

TECHNOLOGY

MULTIPLEX & MULTIPURPOSE HALL For Multiplex No. of Occupants - 500 No. of males - 250 No. of females - 250 (assuming 50:50 ratio)

LIBRARY

Table 19: library toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016

Area - 500sqm Occupancy factor - 4 No. of Occupants - 125 No. of males - 65 No. of females - 65 (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Males WC 3 Urinals 10 Wash basins 2

Females 9 2

Males WC 4 Urinals 15 Wash basins 2

Females 10 2

Table 20: Multiplex toilet requirments | Source: NBC 2016

Males WC 1 Urinals 2 Wash basins 2

Females 2 2

For Multipurpose hall No. of Occupants - 750 No. of males - 375 No. of females - 375 (assuming 50:50 ratio)

223

LOCATION OF TOILETS

PUBLIC TOILET LAYOUT

Figure 269: Location of toilets | Source: Author

SCALE 10

SCALE 50

Figure 270:.2Public toilet.4 ME TRE S layout | Source: Author

120

200

ME TRE S

OFFICE TOILET LAYOUT SCALE 100 SCALE 200

ME TRE S 0

0 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m

1cm 2cm 3cm 4cm 5cm 6cm 7cm 8cm 9cm 10cm

SCALE 50

8 ME TRE S

SCALE 500

SCALE 1000

SCALE 2000

80 ME TRE S

2cm

3cm

4cm

5cm

6cm

7cm

8cm

9cm 10cm

10cm

Figure 271:.2Office toilet.4 layout | Source: Author M E T R E S

ME TRE S

5cm

ME TRE S

1cm

SCALE 10

METRES

SCALE 100

4 METRES

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD SCALE 200

METRES 10m

1cm

TECHNOLOGY

Electricity consumption

Operating Lighting Equipment total load total electricity hours loads loads kw kwh Area A

OFFICES 1 OFFICE SPACES 2 CO-WORKING 3 OFFICESUPPORT 4 ADMINISTRATIVE & MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

21000 600 260 158

10 12 10 10

18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3

10 10 10 10

594.3 17.0 7.4 4.5

5943.0 203.8 73.6 44.7

RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT 1 RETAIL 2 HOSPITALITY 3 MULTIPLEX 5 GYM 6 GAMING ZONE 7 ADMINISTRATIVE & MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

6460 1930 514 300 300 149

12 12 16 16 12 12

18.3 10.9 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3

2 2 10 10 10 2

131.1 24.9 14.5 8.5 8.5 3.0

1573.7 298.8 232.7 135.8 101.9 36.3

RESIDENTIAL 1 SERVICED APPARTMENTS 2 HOUSING

12677 3450

24 24

12 12

8 8

253.5 69.0

6085.0 1656.0

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 1 INNOVATION HUB 2 MULTIPURPOSE HALL 3 STUDY ROOMS 4 HEALTH CLUB 5 LIBRARY 6 CULTURE LAB

3000 450 300 1000 500 750

8 6 8 8 8 8

18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3

10 2 2 2 2 2

84.9 9.1 6.1 20.3 10.2 15.2

679.2 54.8 48.7 162.4 81.2 121.8

309.4

112

1282.0

17533.3

total Lighting and equipment load

1282

Additional load for pumps, lifts etc @10W/sqM

486

Additional load for airconditioning @100W/sqM

4354

Total connected load

6122

Total demand load with load factor as 0.7 Load in KVA with P.F. 0.85

4285.4

3642.6

KVA

Transformer capacity with 85% continous loading (KVA)

3096.2 3.1

KVA MVA

Table 21: Electricity load calculation | Source: Author

225

Lift & Escalator calculations

LIFT REQUIREMENTS

The handling capacity is calculated by the following formula: H = (300*Q*100)/(T*P) Where, H = Handling capacity as the percentage of the peak population handled during 5 min period, Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car, T = Waiting interval in seconds, and P = Total population to be handled during the peak mornig period. (It is related to the area served by a particular bank of lifts.)

FORMULA

CALCULATIONS

The waiting interval is calculated by the following formula:

Total carpet area of office - 22000 (divided into two blocks hence - 11000 each) occupancy factor - 10sqm occupancy - 1100 persons taking a 16 passenger lift with speed 1.5m/s calculated RTT is = 84seconds

T= RTT/N Where, T = Waiting interval in seconds, N = Nuumber of lifts, and RTT = Round trip time, that is, the average time required by each lift in taking one full load of passengers from ground floor, discharging them in various upper floors and coming back to ground for taking fresh passengers for the next trip.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Table 22: Lift speed | Source: NBC 2016

With recommended handling capacity between 10-15%, lets assume the handling capacity to be 12%. H = (300*Q*100)/(T*P) 12 = (300*16*100)/(T*1100) T = 36s N = RTT/T = 84/36 = 2.3 = 3 Lifts (T=RTT/N = 84/3 = 28s)

Table 23: Recommendation nominal travel time for office, commercial or hotel buildings | Source: NBC 2016

TECHNOLOGY

ESCALATOR REQUIREMENTS

Table 27: Practical capacity for escalators | Source: NBC 2016 Table 24: Recommended quality of service in office buildings | Source: NBC 2016

For 16 passenger lift with speed of 1.5m/s required shaft size - 2300x2300mm

Table 26: Expected pedestrian flow rates | Source: NBC 2016

Table 25: Shaft size of lifts | Source: NBC 2016

Figure 272: Elevation of a typical escalator | Source: https://www.dimensions.guide/ collection/escalators

Angle of Rise: 30°-35° Height (Handrail): .91 m Clearance (Headroom): 2.29 m (min) Landing Length (Bottom): 2.29 m Landing Length (Top): 2.44 m Depth (Truss): 1.12 m

227

LOCATION OF LIFTS AND ESCALATORS

LIFTS BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

ESCALATOR

STAIRCASE Figure 273: Vertical circulation locations | Source: Author

TECHNOLOGY

Parking requirments & strategies

PARKING REQUIREMENTS AS PER HARYANA BULDING CODE A

OFFICES @ 35% of total FAR

RETAIL & ENTERTAINEMENT @ 20% of total FAR

RESIDENTIAL @ 30% of total FAR

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE @ 10% of the total FAR

Table 28: ECS Calculation | Source:Author

total carpet area ECS No. of Cars 22018 2 440 20% 9653 2 193 30% 16367 0.5 82 10% 6000 0.5 30 total = 745

40%

Surface parking - 12% of total ECS = 89 ECS Parking requirments will be met by underground parking systems, as the ground and upper daylit levels are kept for occupants use. To accomodate such parking requirements in a tight site, semi-automated parking systems like stack parking are explored to to ensure efficient space utilisation.

SCALE 10

M E T RE S

SCALE 50

M E T RE S

SCALE 100

M E T RE S

SCALE 200

M E T RE S

2cm 3cm 4cm 5cm 6cm 7cm 8cm 9cm 10cm

10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m

1cm

Figure 274: Basement 1 | Source: Author

Parking spaces in 1st basement - 337 Parking spaces in 2nd basement - 335 Surface parking - 93

SCALE 500

M E T RE S

SCALE 1000

M E T RE S

SCALE 2000

120

M E T RE S

1cm

2cm

3cm

4cm

5cm

6cm

5cm

7cm

8cm

9cm 10cm

10cm

SCALE 10

M E T RE S

SCALE 50

M E T RE S

SCALE 100

M E T RE S

SCALE 200

2cm 3cm 4cm 5cm 6cm 7cm 8cm 9cm 10cm

10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m

1cm

Figure 275: Basement 2 | Source: Author

M E T RE S

1st Basement is primary kept for visitors parking, while second basement is kept for permanent parking spots for housing and employees. Stack parking is used only for spots for office employees.

12% of the requirement is kep as surface parking, for ease of parking for short durations.

SCALE 500

M E T RE S

SCALE 1000

M E T RE S

SCALE 2000

80 M E T RE S

1cm

2cm

3cm

4cm

5cm

6cm

7cm

8cm

9cm 10cm

120

229

STRUCTURE AS A DESIGN DRIVER In a mixed use development, distribution of fuctions horizontally and vertically, is among the major design decisions taken, these decisions are guided by various factors in which structures play a crucial role. Every space associated with a function has its own set of ideal dimensions and span requirements and restrictions. which become an improtant criteria for decising the vertical distribtution of functions. Functions which have similar span and grid requirements can often easily be clubbed together, or a certain pattern can be identified to be able to continue with the same grid throughout the height of the structure. Deriving the appropriate grid size becomes a function of how the program components that need to sit together to work efficiently without compromising with the integrity of the structure, and sometimes clubbing of functions are to be done in a such a way that the structural integrity can be maintained.

possible, the existing structure of the metro station has to be studied to understand how and where could a connection be strategically placed and the structural requirements of such a connection.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Slab (prestressed)

Structures High rise buildings

Beams (Composite) Columns (Composite) Foundation (Raft)

Figure 277: Load transfer | Source: Author

As per NBC 2016 Buildings higher than 15m height without stilts and above 17.5m of height with stilts shall be considered as high rise building. High-rise structural system The high-rise building acts like a vertical cantilever fixed to the ground at tis base. It experiences gravitational, wind and seismic loads.

To make mixing of functions possible a combination of structural systems have to be adopted for structural efficiency. As part of the TOD development, an attempt to connect the development to the existing metro station has been undertaken. To make this connection

Structure adopted is a column-beam framed strucutre with the load transfer chain as follows -

Figure 276: Highrise building as vertical cantilevel | Source: Author

•

Grid size adopted for majority of the development is 8250x8250mm to achieve a clear span of 7500mm to accommodate efficient parking in basement.

•

Slabs have embedded radiant cooling system in offices and the prestressed slabs have been adopted for the required span.

•

Slab thickness - 200mm

•

Composite beams have been adopted to achieve larger spans with the same

•

Use of secondary beams have been adopted to reduce spans.

•

Composite columns have been used in parts where the structure is becoming highrise.

TECHNOLOGY

Composite Columns

Prestressing of slabs

Composite columns can have high strength for a relatively small cross-sectional area, meaning that useable floor space can be maximised.

Prestressing is the process by which a concrete element is compressed, generally by steel wires or strands. Precast elements may be prestressed during the construction process (pre-tensioning) or structures may be stressed once completed (post-tensioning). Prestressing compensates for the tensile stresses introduced when the element is loaded. Hence the concrete generally remains in compression. The prestressed concrete allows the construction of longer span beams and girders in addition to increase the ultimate load carrying capacity for the same member cross-section. However, the construction process in prestressed concrete requires extensive monitoring and complicated devices and equipment at all stages.

There are several different types of composite column; the most common being a hollow section steel tube which is filled with concrete; or an open steel section encased in concrete. The concrete infill adds to the compression resistance of the steel section, preventing the steel from buckling. Its fire resistant properties can permit the column to be left unprotected or only lightly protected. Rectangular and circular hollow sections are most commonly used, although rectangular sections are beneficial for being having flat faces suitable for end plate beam-to-column connections. However, fin plates can be used for rectangular and circular shapes.

Figure 279: Prestressed beams | Source: Y.K Aggarwal

Figure 278: Composite column | Source: Y.K Aggarwal

231

Expansion joints The term “expansion joint” refers to the isolation joints provided within a building to permit the separate segments of the structural frame to expand and contract in response to temperature changes without adversely affecting the building's structural integrity or serviceability. Since building expansion joints are designed to isolate sections of a building, they inevitably cut through floors Since the joint bisects the entire structure, it marks a gap through all building assemblies walls; decks; plazas or split-slab concourses; foundation floors and walls; roofs, planters, and green roofs; fire-rated demising walls and floors; interior floors; etc. This gap must be filled to restore the • waterproofing, • Fire proofing, • sound proofing, • air barrier, • roof membrane, • trafficable surface • and other functions of the building elements it bisects. Location of expansion joints is based on • Balancing Centre of Gravity of each structural part. • Varying stiffness of each part • Thermal expansion of components (divided portions after 40-50m) BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

FINISHED CELING

Figure 280: Expansion Joint details | Source: Author

Figure 281: Location of expansion joint | Source: Author

TECHNOLOGY

Transfer girders

Transfer structures are used in tall buildings for transferring high forces and loads to other structures that can resist them. For eg., A transfer beam can transfer loads from stories above to stories below. Usually, transfer structures can optimize space by changing column grids between stories so that structural framing design can be flexible. Transfer girders have been extensively used in the proposed project to create a clear, obstruction free pedestrian street on the lower level. Transfer beams transfer heavy and concentrated loads through shear. In order to avoid progressive collapse, the transfer beam should be cast monolithically and continuously while spanning over several supports. The structural system should also provide an alternative load path for load path redundancy. Moreover, for transfer beams, deflection controls. If the transfer beam deflects, all the floors above the transfer beam will deflect with it. Transfer beam design is different from that of a main or secondary reinforced concrete beam design. This is because transfer beams have nonlinear stress distribution caused by large concentrated point loads from the column loads of the stories above. This will induce a discontinuity region due to the concentrated loads. Linear elastic theory for standard beam design cannot be used.

columns acting as point loads

Figure 283: transfer of loads using a transfer girder | Source: Author

LOCATION OF TRANSFER GIRDERS

Span = 16m Figure 282: Story transfer techniques in high-rise buildings | Source: Lin & Sun (2017)

233

Life & Fire safety

Staircase Requiremnts: Minimum Dimensions required: Tread = 300mm Riser = 150mm Width = 1500mm/2000mm (depending upon the use) Height Requiremnts:

Mixed Occupancy For fire protection considerations, all the occupancies/the entire building shall be governed by the most restrictive provisions of the Code among those applicable for individual occupancies. The provisions for life safety given in the Code for individual occupancy shall, however, apply to the respective occupancies. Exits in such shall be arranged so as to ensure that means of egress is not decreased in the direction of egress travel. In mixed occupancies, the occupancies are also required to be separated (horizontally and/ or vertically) by a 240 min fire resistance rating Fire Command Centre (FCC) a) Fire command centre shall be on the entrance floor of the building having direct access. The control room shall have the main fire alarm panel with communication system (suitable public address system) to aid floors and facilities for receiving the message from different floors.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 285: Height requirements for fire staircase| Source: NBC

Unless otherwise specified, all the exits and exit pathways to exit discharge shall have a clear height of at least 2.4m. However, the height of exit door can be at least 2m. Staircase must have a clear height of 2.2m at all times.

Maximum Travel Distances: Travel distances depend upon the use of the building. By installing a sprinkler system these distances can be increased upto 50%. Travel distances for different occupancy as per NBC have been listed below.

Figure 284: Location of fire exits | Source: Author

TECHNOLOGY

No exit doorway shall be less than 1 000 mm in width except assembly buildings, where door width shall be not less than 2 000 mm.Doorways shall be not less than 2 000 mm in height Liife Safety At least half of the required exit stairs from upper floors (rounded to the next higher number) shall discharge directly to the exterior or through exit passageways. Compartmentalisation It is important to limit the spread of a fire in any building. The usual method is to use fire barriers. In some instances these barriers need to be penetrated for ductwork, plumbing and electrical systems, and in such cases, use of passive fire protection measures shall be done so that the integrity of these barriers is not compromised. Table 29: Maximum travel distance | Source: NBC 2016

Door Openings Door opening must be equal to the width of the staircase. Door swing must be clear of escape route. Doors must open in the direction of egress. Doors to have panic bars on the correct side with optimum fire rating. Internal staircases Internal staircases shall be constructed of noncombustible materials throughout, and shall have fire resistant rating of minimum 120min. Internal staircases must be pressureised.

Figure 286: Compartmentalisation | Source: NBC

Lift and Lift Lobby Requirements:

Lift lobby must be enclosed and pressurized or naturally ventilated upto 30m height, above which it must be pressurized or cross ventilated. For singly loaded lift lobby, width of the lobby must be at least 1.5 times teh width of the car. For doubly loaded lift lobbies, it must be 2.5 times the car depth.

Figure 287: Lift Lobby minimum width | Source: NBC

At least one lift must be design as fireman’s lift, this would have a button to switch on or off manually the lift in case of evacuation. This shall be achieved by providing a fire barrier of a fire rating if 120 min.

Fire Safety for High-rise buildings Refuge Area An area from where people on the higher storeys can be evacuated in case of an emergency. Occupancy load for it is 0.3sqm per person & additional 0.9sqm for handicapped people per 200 pax. Fire Tower An enclosed shaft having protected area of minimum 120min fire resistance rating comprising of a fire staircase, fireman’s lift, FHCs connected directly to the exit discharge for evacuating people. This enables access to all the floors assisting in evacuation in case of egress. 235

Fire tank calculations

Figure 288: Fire tower | Source: NBC

Table 30: Fire tank calculations | Source: Author

Fire Tower next to the refuge area

Fire tender movement

Figure 289: Location of fire tower in building | Source: Author

Fire Hose Cabinet It is a cabinet of size approximately 600 x 1200 mm. it has a hose reel which the fireman uses to get water for extinguishing fire. there must be an FHC at every 22.5 or 30m depending upon the length of the hose reel. Figure 290: Fire tender movement | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE General building requirments

FOOTPATHS

OPEN SPACES

Table 31: Width of footpath | Source: NBC

Table 32: Open space requirements | Source: NBC

NBC 2016

237

VENTILATION SHAFTS

NUMBER OF DESIGNATED ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES • • • • • • •

A minimum of one accessible designated parking space shall be provided in every parking area; For up to 10 parking spaces, one designated accessible parking space shall be provided; For up to 25 parking spaces, two designated accessible parking space shall be provided; For up to 50 parking spaces, three designated accessible parking spaces shall be provided; For up to 100 parking spaces, four designated accessible parking spaces shall be provided; For up to 200 parking spaces, six designated accessible parking spaces shall be provided; and For over 200 parking spaces, six designated accessible parking spaces for 200 parking spaces and one for each additional 100 parking spaces shall be provided

Figure 291: Parking for handicapped | Source: NBC

Table 33: Ventilation shaft requirement | Source: NBC

STAIRCASE & EXIT REQUIREMENTS

Table 34: Staircase widths | Source: NBC

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

TECHNOLOGY

RAMPS

Table 35: Slope of ramps | Source: NBC

HANDICAPPED TOILETS

Figure 292: Hnadicapped toilet type A| Source: NBC

Figure 293: Hnadicapped toilet type B | Source: NBC

239

Haryana Building Code, 2017 Plot setbacks

For installing Solid Waste Management Plant:

The buildings shall not project beyond the building lines as shown in the zoning plan of respective schemes. However, in case where zoning plans are not prepared, the minimum setbacks shall be provided as below:Table 38: Solid waste Management plant | Source: Haryana Building code 2017

The details of rating achieved from GRIHA and Additional Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is as under:

Table 39: GRIHA Rating requirements | Source: Haryana Building code 2017 Table 36: Plot setbacks | Source: Haryana Building code 2017

Mixed land use In case of mixed land use site/ plot, the ground coverage, FAR, setback and other norms shall be in accordance with the zoning plan issued by Competent Authority.

Green building measures and incentives For installing solar photovoltaic power plant:

Table 37: Green building measures | Source: Haryana Building code 2017

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

In case of provision of mechanical parking in the basement floor/ upper stories, the floor to ceiling clear height of the basement/ floor may be maximum of 4.75 metres. The courtyard shall have a minimum area, throughout its height, of not less than the square of one-fifth the height of the highest wall abutting the courtyard. Provided that when any room (excluding staircase bay, bathroom and watercloset) is dependent for its light and ventilation on an inner courtyard, the dimension shall be such as is required for each wing of the building. The plinth of the main building shall be so located with respect to surrounding ground level that proper drainage of the site is assured. The height of the plinth shall not be less than 450 mm and more than 1.5 metres.

TECHNOLOGY

Minimum area, size, height and light and ventilation of different components of Residential premises - Minimum area for a habitable room, kitchen and water closet shall be followed in accordance to tablet given as under:

Table 40: Minimum room requirements | Source: Haryana Building code 2017

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BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

07 Design Determinants 7.1 Learnings from research 7.2 Learnings from case studies 7.3 Learnings from community survey 7.4 SWOT Analysis 7.5 Design Determinants

Learnings from Research 1. Project components of a mixed use development needs to be integrated in a way to foster uninterrupted pedestrian friendly connections.

elements -

2. Strategic placement of different yet complimentary uses, during the day and evening can reinforce each other, making such a development more robust and attractive.

•

Varied land-use pattern - providing diverse people to walk through the area, thereby also creating interest.

•

Path context - Visual interest, landscaping, spatial definition.

3. Same space can transform into different environments and uses based on time and hence can be shared by multiple users and stakeholders. Leading to a ‘mixed use situation’ as termed by Rowley, 1996 4. Humanising the scale can help create increased opportunities for accidental meetings, specially around transit hubs. 5. Public spaces which are visible from a distance invite more people and participation. 6. Public spaces should be able to provide a reason to be there for all age groups. To help make it a lively and safe place. 7. Public spaces should be so designed to allow for both active and passive engagement. 8. Design for walkability comprises of three main BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

•

Fine grained - helps provide options for pedestrians and the route is perceived to be shorter and more engaging

9. Retail stores can be divided into categories like - demand, convenience and impulse. Convenience and impulse stores are often located in the right of way of demand stores to lure people in buying stuff they don’t need like luxury goods. 10. Aspects to kept in mind while designing a TOD project as per NIUA,2016 includes - Mobility, Urban Diversity, Urban density, Housing, Urban Design, sustainable neighbourhoods and buildings. 11. Applying CPTED principles can help develop perceivably safe public realm by creating spaces which promote natural surveillance, natural access control and maintenance of

public areas. 12. Observed shortage of water in the city of Faridabad calls for a water sensitive design. 13. Since Faridabad has been selected by MNRE for the solar city initiative, in order to support this cause, calls for an extensive and innovative use of solar energy.

DESIGN DETERMINANTS

Learnings from Case Studies 1. Presence of people make spaces lively, and hence creating an active and safe public realm which is quintessential for any TOD development to be successful. 2. There should no or limited number of crossing or interaction between pedestrians and vehicles, though at the same time, visual connection between the two is important to invite more people. 3. Shaded pathways with diverse activities along the path make them more inviting and active by providing more reasons for people to be there. 4. Distribution of programme should be done based on identifying relative levels of publicness and privacy. With placing more public functions next to public areas thereby enhancing the activeness and placing components of the programme like residences in area with lower level of publicness. 5. Visually connecting semi public and private areas with public areas in such a way that private areas are able to visually connect with the liveliness helps make them more appealing. Like residences on upper levels right next to a public plaza are able to enjoy the activity while

enjoying their privacy at the same time. 6. More emphasis is given to open spaces to create an active public realm and the built mass takes shape accordingly. 7. Scaling the built mass to human scale becomes essential to create inviting outdoors spaces. 8. Sensitive choice of material pallete becomes important to ensure comfortable outdoor spaces and not just indoors to eliminate possibility of heat island effect. 9. Creating various public nodes with opportunities to hold diverse activities and uses, including both active and passive engagement, becomes essential to foster active public realm. 10. Creating visually connected public spaces on varying levels help create more engaging spaces. 11. Enough places to sit lets more people participate in public areas. 12. Presence of biophilia has a positive impact on users of the spaces and an increase in productivity has been observed in employees in offices with biophilic elements. 245

Directives from Community survey Investigating what the stakeholders need? A survey was conducted to understand the needs and problems of the various stake holders of the place,including people using the metro for various reasons and people living in the site’s vicinity.

Learnings •

Most people use the metro to travel for work and live in the neighbourhood and hence there is a potential for convenience shopping on the site.

•

Parking is a major issue near the site, and the street remains encroached by cars throughout the day.

•

Since there is a lot of pedestrian traffic around the site because of the metro, pedestrian centric design to invite and engage pedestrians becomes crucial.

•

Access to metro is not properly maintained and becomes difficult to access when it rains, and hence storm water strategies need to be adopted

•

It is also found that the site used to be a public park 15 years ago, before its land-use was changed to commercial. Since there are nearly no public parks in the neighbourhood, there is a need for public green spaces.

Children & teenagers who have no other place to play Teenagers & young adults who use the unused buildings for play People specially elderly, who live in the neighbourhood & come to walk in mornings and evenings Students who use the metro to go to school & colleges, also who take tuitions in the existing buildings. People who use the metro to go to work, footover bridge also used activity to cross mathura road. People who travel for consultation & checkups to visit the 3 nearby multispeciality hospitals. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

•

A percent of commuters come to site by autos or private vehicles, and there is a huge influx of NMT vehicles which calls for proper drop off and waiting points as presently it leads to congestion

•

Site is actively used as a public place for the residents living around it, and would like to see it evolve as a lively public space.

•

Facilities like grocery stores, libraries gym facilities restaurants and movie theaters are missing from the vicinity and people around the site feel the lack of such amenities, having these amenities on site will attract more people to the site.

DESIGN DETERMINANTS

SWOT Analysis

Due to high FAR of the proposed project can alleviate the traffic congestion problem if vehicular movement is not resolved properly.

•

The site is very narrow

•

Site is East-West facing, which can lead to a lot of heat gain.

•

Lies at the edge of heavy traffic road, which often gets congested.

•

Context lacks open and green spaces

•

Limited pedestrian access to site from opposite side of the highway.

Parking can become an issue because of additional load on the site considering present of the metro station.

WEAKNESS

THREATS

If height of the development becomes very high due to the high FAR, the development might look very over powering as compared to the low density surroundings.

STRENGTHS

OPPORTUNITIES

•

Strategic location

•

Site is next to one of the busiest metro stations of Faridabad, with high footfall.

Opportunity to create an active public realm.

•

Site is located in the heart of the city, neighbouring one of the major junctions of the city.

Already existing heavy footfall which could be further increased through design.

•

Long frontage along the highway and metro line

•

Site can be viewed from the Highway as well as the flyover, connecting the two halves of the city.

•

Potential to become the icon of the city.

•

A mix of residential, institutional and industrial areas in the neighbourhood, which could be tapped to create a robust lively space.

•

Site also enjoys views from the metro.

247

BUILDABLE LAND

ORIENTATION & MASSING

Mapping existing trees and setback. Setback as per Faridabad zonal plan - 6 metres ........

Identifying the E-W axis to create masses oriented N-S.

Figure 294: Set backs | Source: Author

Figure 296: North - South orientation | Source: Author

...... To arrive at the total surface available to build. While saving the existing trees.

Placing major mass directed to N-S direction, to reduce heat gain.

Figure 295: Buildable land | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 297: N-S Oriented massing | Source: Author

DESIGN DETERMINANTS

PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

VEHICULAR MOVEMENT

Y NATIONAL HIGHWA

METRO STATION

PETROL PUMP

SITE

METRO STATION

Figure 298: Pedestrian movement | Source: Author

No direct pedestrian access to site from this side Majority of the pedestrian movement is a result of the site being an interface between the residential area and the metro station, which makes commuters cross the site. Location of the NMT is on the opposite side of the site from the metro station making the part higlighted in yellow the most important location to capture commuters.

Slow traffic

Fast traffic

Figure 299: Vehicular movement | Source: Author

Towards the west of the site, owing to the presence of the metro station and petrol pump, the road is usually crowded with slow traffic. Congestion is observed near the metro station due to a lack of well defined drop-off. The road towards the east usually has few cars with easy traffic. - Site needs a well defined NMT drop off near the metro station - Major drop off and entry to parking can be from the east side with reduced traffic. 249

CONTEXUAL RESPONSE

Youth area (because of

tro me

School Figure 300: Contexual response | Source: Author

The major impact on the site is expected to be of the metro station. Since it caters to a large part of the residential and industrial area around it. Also with a new technical college under construction on the opposite end of the site, can be used as an advantage to activate the site with furthering connections with other streets around the site. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

View from of site stati metro on

blic s pu Les

Fro nta ge to

hig hw ay

the fro

Metro station

blic

Senior secondary school and sector market

Mor e pu

Vie w

Industrial area

Figure 301: Functional determinants | Source: Author

Residential area beyond rai

lway track

site

Residential area

college)

Pre s tree ence c ove of den Res r se iden tial edg e

rid

Technical college under construction

cor

Multi-specialty hospital

FUNCTIONAL DETERMINANTS

Since one of the long edge enjoys frontage to the national highway experiencing large volumes of traffic, functions like retail and offices could capitalise on it. On the other edge smaller retail and other activites directly catering to residential areas can be placed. Green areas can be treated as a common spill out for residences as well as commercial activities. More public activities can be placed near the metro station to synergise with the already active station

08 Design Concept & Translation 8.1 Project Vision 8.2 Strategies and Ideas 8.3 Structure Plan 8.4 Zoning

VISION VIBRANT PUBLIC SPACES

Creating a lively active public realm.

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

WALKABLE REALM

Promote healthy and active living by creating comfortable spaces to walk, live and play.

CELEBRATING GREEN SPACES Connecting humans with nature.

DESIGN CONCEPT

Structure Plan

LACK OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS NATIONAL HIGHWAY

METRO STATION

RIKSHAW STAND

FRONTAGE ENTR Y PLA Z HIGHW A FROM AY

CREATING OPEN PUBLIC PLACES

SPILL OUT PEDESTRIANS STREET LOTS OF TREES

YOUTH NODE

VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MOVEMENT PEDESTRIANS

PETROL PUMP COLLEGE

CUL-DE-SAC

CONGESTION BECAUSE OF AUTOS AND VEHICULAR DROP OFF

EMENT

VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MOV

Key idea is to create an active public realm with a central pedestrian spine connected the two edges of the site with a metro station and a college on each end. By creating this central spine pedestrians who used to walk around the site to reach its destinations can now go through the site thereby adding to the liveliness of the place. Providing not only the users of the site but users of the immediate context to participate and feel a sense of ownership.

253

Zoning has been determined keeping in mind a lot of factors including 1. Building edges 2. Natural pedestrian flow 3. Orientation 4. Functional relationship To achieve a common public realm where all stakeholders can interact.

CO-WORKING

RESIDENTIAL

INNOVATION LAB

Figure 304: Zoning in plan | Source: Author

OFFICES

LIBRARY RESTAURANTS

NMT

STUDY ROOMS INFORMAL MARKET

Zoning

PUBLIC REALM TRANSIT RETAIL & FOOD INFORMAL MARKET

COLLEGE

MULTIPLEX HEALTH CLUB

CULTURE LAB

Figure 302: Zoning and space relationship diagram | Source: Author

STUDY ROOM LIBRARY ENTERTAINMENT RETAIL INNOVATION LAB OFFICE ENTERTAINMENT HEALTH CLUB

METRO STATION

SERVICED APARTMENTS AFFORDABLE HOUSING

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

SERVICED APARTMENTS

Figure 303: Zoning | Source: Author

RETAIL & RECREATION OFFICES

AFFORDABLE HOUSING SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

METRO STATION

09 Design Evolution Iterations & Design development

DESIGN STAGE 1 KEY IDEAS & STRENGTH 1. The main idea was to create a central pedestrian street. Connecting the transit node to the technical college on the other side, With connetions from the neighbourhood streets intersecting this pedestrian street. 2. Since the community survey highlights the lack of green spaces in the vicinity and owing to the fact that this area has a lot of pre existing full grown trees, it is left as a public green space in order to provide access to greens to the people living in the neighbourhood as well as people on site. 3. Towers have been kept perpendicular to the central street to achieve N-S orientation and also to create interest for streets to experience open to sky, semi covered and covered spaces as they walk.

SHORTCOMINGS 1. A lot of ground coverage has been utilised and hence it is percieved to be very bulky. 2. Width of the central street is not adequate as per the projected pedestrian movement 3. Response to the metro station next to the site is weak. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 305: Design stage 1 | Source: Author

DESIGN EVOLUTION

DESIGN STAGE 2

KEY IDEAS & STRENGTH 1. Widened the pedestrian street with respect to the projected footfall. 2. Fostering a direct connection to the metro station at the concourse level, so that the commuters are direclty able to enter the site from the metro station. 3. Articulating different active and passive nodes.

Figure 306: Design stage 2 | Source: Author

4. Increased porosity. 5. Increased visual connections across different levels to the pedestrian street, and also views from the metro corridor Active node

SHORTCOMINGS

Passive node

1. Connection to the metro station at the concourse level needs to become bold. 2. Need of volumetric exploration. 257

DESIGN STAGE 3

KEY IDEAS & STRENGTH 1. Bolder connection to the metro station to at the concourse, commuters direclty entering to a big atrium, with a view of the entire pedestrian street to generate interest and invite people to the site.

Figure 307: Design stage 3 | Source: Author

2. An elevated pedestrain corridor connected to the other side of the road to bring people to the site, since there was no existing pedestrian connectivity. 3. Stepping in building to create green open spaces on upper levels. 4. Revised volumes for housing and serviced S apartments. A

SHORTCOMINGS 1. Drop off at the commercial area and the built mass on top do not respond to each other. 2. Diagonal connection to the activity node is placed oddly. 3. Curved volume of serviced apartments sits oddly on the site and is not coherent with the other masses BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

S A

DESIGN EVOLUTION

DESIGN STAGE 4

Figure 308: Design stage 4 | Source: Author

KEY IDEAS & STRENGTH 1. An attempt to create a vertical mix of affordable housing & serviced apartments. 2. An attempt to integrate a clock tower in the southern most buildng to create a landmark. 3. Further articulation of retail areas & office spaces.

SHORTCOMINGS 1. Missing coherence in the built masses. 2. Detailing of drop-offs required

N 259

DESIGN STAGE 5

KEY IDEAS & STRENGTH 1. Re-articulation of the entrance plaza as an angled entry to face people driving by on the highway. 2. Creating a covered connection from the entrance plaza to the activity node. 3. Adding a bridge create an interesting direct connection between buildings through the trees. 4. Creating coherent massing. 5. Creating more connections on upper levels.

SHORTCOMINGS 1. Need to create interest in the massing by making it more dymanics and making public areas, on different levels interesting visually. BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 309: Design stage 5 | Source: Author

DESIGN EVOLUTION

DESIGN STAGE 6

KEY IDEAS & STRENGTH 1. Articulated open spaces on varying levels. 2. A more defined public transit node. 3. Green open space exclusive for people residing in affordable housing. 4. Creating a public plaza with trees with a waterbody in between, thereby creating a space for both active and passive engagement. 5. Playing with volumes to create green spaces on various levels, connecting open spaces on various levels visually, thereby also creating interest in form. Various iterations for massing and volums with punctures were tried while exploring interesting forms and connections.

Figure 310: Design stage 6 | Source: Author

261

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

10 Design Translation

zoning

Zoning has been determined keeping in mind a lot of factors including 1. Building edges 2. Natural pedestrian flow 3. Orientation 4. Functional relationship EWS To achieve a common public realm where all stakeholders 1 BHK can interact.

Studio Apartments

THIRD

2 BHK

Creche Study rooms Library

F L IN

CIA

Co-working

FLOOR

T AS

Office spaces Office Support

Innovation Hub

Medical facility

SECON

D FLOO

R Multiplex GE

Retail

Culture lab

ST DE

FLOOR

FIRST

Multipurpose Hall

Food Court

Health club

SER VIC

APA

RTM E

NTS

LOB

GROUN

D FLOO

Retail

Figure 311: Zoning blow-up | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Retail

Restaurants Entertainment

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 312: Site Plan | Source: Author

265

Figure 313: Ground floor Plan | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 314: Ground Floor structure plan | Source: Author

267

Figure 315: First Floor plan | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 316: Second Floor plan | Source: Author

269

Figure 317: Third Floor plan | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 318: Fourth Floor plan | Source: Author

271

Figure 319: Food court & Roof top restaurant | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 320: Library & study rooms | Source: Author

273

Figure 321: Serviced Apartments - unit plans | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 322: Serviced Apartments - typical floor layout | Source: Author

275

Figure 323: Serviced Apartments - All floor plans | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 324: Affordable Housing - Unit layout | Source: Author

277

Figure 325: Affordable Housing - typical floor plan | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 326: Affordable Housing - All floor plans | Source: Author

279

Figure 327: Basement 1 plan | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 328: Basement 2 plan | Source: Author

281

Figure 329: Plans - Office block 1 | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 330: Plans - Office block 2 | Source: Author

283

Figure 331: Section A-A’ | Source: Author

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

Figure 332: Section B-B’ | Source: Author

Figure 333: Section C-C’ | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 334: Section D-D’ | Source: Author

287

Figure 335: Section E-E’ | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 336: South Elevation| Source: Author

289

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 337: Front Elevation | Source: Author

291

Figure 338: View of central plaza | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 339: View of courtyard | Source: Author

293

Figure 340: View of central plaza from the library | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 341: Aerial view of site | Source: Author

295

Figure 342: Aerial view of site - south - west side | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 343: Aerial view of site - south - east side | Source: Author

297

Figure 344: East side view | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 345: View from the pedestrian bridge | Source: Author

299

Figure 346: West side view| Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 347: View of entrance plaza | Source: Author

301

Figure 348: View of pedestrian street | Source: Author BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Figure 349: View of pedestrian street from first floor | Source: Author

303

BADKHAL HUB, FARIDABAD

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

JURY COMMENTS • Ar. Shilpi Sinha appreciated the overall work done and the resolution of the scheme. • The jury commended for the response to be very mature and bold and further added that such bold stand is a need of the hour. • She felt that the project’s scale was monstrous, however it has been dealt with - very sensitively, making it very human centric. • The jury felt that the project has a strong response to context and appreciated the research and site - stakeholder analysis that has led to realising the determinants and approach of the design. • Jury appreciated the efforts made towards designing the experience of the space and also the attention to details achieved in terms of open spaces, zoning of all the typologies, the types of retail spaces concieved and their locations identified. • The jury liked the approach taken towards massing of the volumes and facade details, using appropriate technologies to make it sustainable as well as comfortable for the users. 305

References • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Adkins, Arlie & Dill, Jennifer & Luhr, Gretchen & Neal, Margaret. (2012). Unpacking Walkability: Testing the Influence of Urban Design Features on Perceptions of Walking Environment Attractiveness. Journal of Urban Design. 17. 499-510. 10.1080/13574809.2012.706365. http://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/ green-roofs-1/ | Accessed on 22-03-2020 Bernick, M. and Cervero, R. (1997) Transit Villages in 21st Century Bertolini, L. and Spit, T. (1998) Cities on Rails: The Redevelopment of Railway Stations and their Surroundings. Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://books. google.co.in/books?id=chbkSAN34nQC. Bertolini, L. and Spit, T. (2005) ‘Cities on Rails’, Cities on Rails. doi: 10.4324/9780203980439. Carmona, M. & Wunderlich F (2012) Capital Spaces, the Multiple complex Public Spaces of a Global City, London, Routledge. Cervero, R. (1998) The Transit Metropolis: A Global Enquiry Coupland, A. (1997) Reclaiming the City: Mixed use Development. Cozens, Paul & Saville, Greg & Hillier, David. (2005). Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED): A Review and Modern Bibliography. Property Management. 23. 328-356. 10.1108/02637470510631483. Crowe, T.D. and Zahm, D. (2000) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Douglas, M., 1997. In Defence of Shopping. Eaton, B. C., and R. G. Lipsey. 1982. “An Economic Theory of Central Places.” Economic Journal, (72-80) Engineering, 16:2, 371-378, DOI: 10.3130/jaabe.16.371 http://www.sturdystructural.com/transfer-structures.html Feng Lin & Wenbin Sun (2017) Experimental and Numerical Studies on SteelEncased Overlapping Column Transfer Assemblies, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building - To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.16.371 Joshi, Rutul & Joseph, Yogi & Patel, Kavina & Darji, Vishal. (2017). Transit-Oriented Development: Lessons from Indian Experiences. http://www.greenrooftechnology.com/green-roof-types | Accessed on 22-03-2020 http://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/green-roofs-1/ | Accessed on 22-03-2020 http://www.sturdystructural.com/transfer-structures.html https://www.roofingcontractor.com/articles/85808-technical-details-waterproofing-of-rooftop-gardens | Accessed on 22-03-2020 Kaushik, R., Planner, D. T. and Planning, C. (2001) ‘Need for Transit Oriented’. National Institute of Urban Affairs (2016) Handbook of Urban Statistics NIUA (2017) ‘Learnings from MoUD’s TOD Guidance Document and Smart City Plans’. Available at: https://tod.niua.org/todfisc/smarter_tod.php. Niemira, MP 2007, ‘The Concept and Drivers of Mixed-Use Development: Insights from a Cross Organizational Membership Survey’, Research Review, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 54. Painter, K. and Tilley, N. (1999) Surveillance of Public Space: CCTV, Street lighting and Crime Prevention

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Rowley, Alan (1996) Planningweek: The Journal of the Royal Town Planning Institute, Volume 4 Rutherford, J. and Coutard, O. (2014) ‘Urban Energy Transitions: Places, Processes and Politics of Socio-technical Change’, Urban Studies, 51(7), pp. 1353– 1377. doi: 10.1177/0042098013500090. http://www.greenrooftechnology.com/green-roof-types | Accessed on 22-03-2020 https://www.roofingcontractor.com/articles/85808-technical-details-waterproofing-of-rooftop-gardens | Accessed on 22-03-2020 Schwanke, D. (2003) Mixed-Use Development Handbook, Washington, DC: ULI- Urban Land Institute. Sevtsuk, A., 2014. Location and Agglomeration: The Distribution of Retail and Food Businesses in Dense Urban Environments Singh, K 2014, ‘Retail Sector in India: Present Scenario, Emerging Opportunities’, Journal of Business and Management, vol 16, no. 4, pp. Wardner, Pamela. (2014). Explaining mixed-use developments: a critical realist’s perspective. Southworth, M. (2005) Designing the Walkable City. URI World bank, 2017 - “Salat, Serge; Ollivier, Gerald. 2017. Transforming the Urban Space through Transit-Oriented Development : The 3V Approach. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26405 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.” Wardner, Pamela. (2014). Explaining mixed-use developments: a critical realist’s perspective. Wijerathne, Shanika. (2010). The Impact of Green Roofs on Urban Heat Island Effect.