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Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science No 55/2021
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES PESRONALITY, MUSIC PREFERENCE AND MOOD REGULATION BY MUSIC TENDENCIES IN HEALTHY PEOPLE AND WITH DEPRESSION Kokowska M. Clinical psychologist and music psychologist Master specializations, Clinical music-therapy Post-master specialization Laboratory of Music-therapy, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland Polish Association of Music Therapists, Lublin, Poland Dymnikowa M. Music psychologist Master and Ph.D. specializations, Clinical neuropsychology and cognitive music-therapy Post-master specializations Laboratory of Music-therapy, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland Association of Musical Psychologists and Psychotherapists, Moscow, Russia
Abstract The article describes results of scientific empirical psychological musical research on the subject of music preferences and music mood regulation conditions in healthy people and with depression, including gender and education (maturity level, university level) factors, with experimental data obtained on psychological TIPI, musical STOPM and musical psychological MMR diagnostic tools. Keywords: music preferences, mood’s regulation by music, depression, personality features. INTRODUCTION Empirical psychological research concerns the issues of determinants of musical preferences and the regulation of mood by music in people with depression and healthy people, taking into account gender and education factors. The study aims to look at the relationships between musical preferences, mood regulation by music, and personality features in three group categories - gender, education, and the presence or absence of unipolar depression. The research question concerns the detection of properties characteristic for selected empirical groups. The research hypothesis concerns the assumption that there is a difference in the dependence of musical preferences and music regulation strategies for different empirical groups. The dependent variables are indicators of personality features, music regulation strategies, and musical preferences for music genres. The independent controlled variables are the indicators of sex, education, and the diagnosis of unipolar depression. The study used empirical data obtained with the abbreviated version of the psychological TIPI tool for measuring personality according to the five-factor model and two tools: musical STOMP for measuring musical preferences based on musical genres and musical psychological MMR for measuring mood regulation strategies using music. The methodological analysis of the results was performed with the use of statistically significant (p <0.05) correlation indices and path analysis modeling of the obtained dependency systems. In psychology, music becomes a useful tool for studying psychological processes.
The interest in psychology in musical preferences results from the need to learn about some mental processes occurring both in healthy and sick people, where music shows an important indicator of prognostic diagnosis due to the observed dependencies on personality features and mood regulation with its use. Music is both a means of regulating mood [25] and it influences ordinary activities related to it [38, 39, 44]. It is commonly used in clinical psychotherapy [20, 40] for the purposes of stress reduction and self-regulation [11, 31, 42]. Depression, according to the definition of the International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems ICD-10 (International Classification of Disorders), is an affective (unipolar) disorder, a unit classified as recurrent depressive disorders (F.32 and F.33). Its identification occurs as a result of the recognition of the severity of mild or moderate depressive episodes (F.32) and recurrent depressive disorders (F.33). The main symptom of depression is a mood state of prolonged sadness, which is accompanied by loss of interests and pleasure, sleep and appetite disturbances, a tendency to guilt and low self-esteem, fatigue, and decreased concentration [23]. Depression significantly impairs the quality of life and the ability to function in many areas, but it is subject to various forms of psychotherapy in clinical conditions and self-regulates in everyday life. In the latter direction, the use of music plays a regulatory function serving adaptive functions [30, 43] and mood changes, where the key change tendency is conditioned by the personality model [17] and musical preferences [33, 34] of each person in the individual control of the perspective of a depressive illness and its prevention. Musical preferences refer to a state with a priority relation to a certain type of music and to privilege it over others, conditioned by liking and understanding
