REIMAGINE PARADISE PROJECT by Nicole Lo

THE BOOK: (RE) IMAGINING PARADISE

Acknowledgements This section should include a special acknowledgment of those unsung heroes of your work that contributed directly and indirectly to the outcomes of the studio. This could include some that you’ve never met that have quietly advocating for your success, those in some other area of your life that have been a sounding board, our cousins in Kent’s studio, or others that you are think are appropriate to acknowledge. In addition to this general statement, this should include the specific names of each contributing member (reviewer) of your project, including but not limited to the following: Studio Sponsors WRNS Studios Cal Poly Student Affairs BNIM Architects mode associates Chico State University Kijeong Jeon Rouben Mohiuddin Debra Larsen Seema Sehrawat Rachel Simmons Melody Stapleton State of California Seth Doulton, Treasurers’ Office Fiona Ma, State Treasurer Eric Shaw, Office of Emergency Services Danna Stapleton, Lieutenant Governor’s Office Cal Poly David Askay Mark Cabrinha Mario Esola Amir Hajrasouliha Keith Humphrey Bob Linscheid Kent MacDonald Margot Macdonald Bill Siembieda Sandy Stannard Jesse Vestermark Russell White Paradise Residents Abby Armer Charles Brooks Melissa Boutelle Lowell Forward Melissa Schuster Tama Czarnecki Olivia Taylor Other Yaozhen Liu Lief Mckay Melanie Mills Byron Mouton Brian Tanner Auburn Rural Studio John Willbanks Phyllis Wong Wagonner and Ball

TABLE OF CONTENTS CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7

INTRODUCTION COMMUNITY OVERVIEW RESILIENCY AND DISASTER RECOVERY VISION AND GOALS CONSTRUCTING A DOWNTOWN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT THE FUTURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES

“WE MUST NOT LET IT PASSSES BY” - P. E. MOSKOWITZ

INTRODUCTION

Legend has it that the town of Paradise, California, gets its name from a mill crew delivering a load of lumber on an unusually warm summerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s day. Exhausted, they came into the shade of the lush pine forests and sat on the blanket of soft needles underneath them. Satiated by the environment, one of the men exclaimed, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Boys, this is paradise!â&#x20AC;? For anyone who has traveled Skyway Road, it is easy to see why the name stuck. The majestic natural beauty of the canyon and the surrounding Sierra Nevada Mountains instill a humbling sense of awe in all who visit the area. Upon the mountain and away from the noise of the city, visitors to Paradise, and residents alike, are very fond of the small town. The tall pine trees around the houses provided privacy and a close connection to nature; the various public events throughout the year created a strong relationship amongst the community. Because of this strong community bond, the town recovered quickly after the 2008 Humboldt Fire and Camp Fire. The Paradise community has proven to be indisputably resilient. When Paradise residents were awakened by panicked knocking on their doors on November 8th, 2018, they had no idea that they were facing the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in the history of California. Wildfires were an ever-present reality in the area. Because of this, some residents decided to stay behind to protect their homes and businesses. However, the black smoke soon covered the sky and ashes engulfed the entire town. By the time people realized that they had to evacuate, the smoke had blocked all the sunlight, and it seemed like dusk rather than dawn. Stumbling and struggling to see and breathe, Paradise residents tried to flee out of town as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, some of them ended up on disconnected roads, or stuck in stand-still traffic, and escaped on foot. The fire scorched approximately 153,000 acres of land, killed 86 people, and took 17 days before it was doused by heavy rainfall and extinguished.

Lots of conversations about loss arose after the fire, and the lessons gained from this tragedy should not be forgotten. Historically, humans have tended not to change their lifestyles or technologies until something catastrophic happened. For example, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the subsequent fire changed the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s understanding of housing. The dense wooden structures were a tinderbox waiting for a match that, once ignited, would burn down a quarter of the city. This horrifying natural disaster sparked discussion of improving earthquake engineering design, urban planning, and fireproofing for buildings. Similarly, there is so much that we can learn from the Camp Fire, and there is so much we can do to prevent the next wildfire in Paradise and other communities like it. After losing over 90% of its structures, Paradise has a second chance to be planned and built with contemporary knowledge and technology. The streets can be repaved to have sidewalks and bike lanes, commercial buildings can be closer to each other, and a wildland-urban interface zone can be created to provide defensible space and create a more physically resilient condition. Paradise also has a chance to be proactive and solve other issues, including creating a town that is energy, water, and waste regenerative. This is an opportunity for Paradise to become the first Zero Net Energy town in California, paving the way for what is possible by evolving into an ideal mountain town. The heartbreaking tragedy of the past not only shaped Paradiseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history, but also becomes a chance to reimagine the town to be more resilient socially, economically, and physically.

Executive Summary Twenty-six thousand people were displaced due to the Camp Fire. One thousand families are still searching for housing six months after the fire. In order for the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residents to return home, Paradise needs to be rebuilt in a timely manner. A group of third-year architecture students from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo intended to bring inspiration to Paradise residents by designing sustainable, fire-resistant, community-oriented buildings. Based on research and feedback from multiple rounds of community meetings, a new town concept plan with individual building designs has been tailored to revitalize Paradise and to act as a catalyst for further investment. Through mentoring and peer-review of designs from professional firms, the projects can be developed more fully to bring Paradise residents hope that there will be a home to which they can return.

Design Process and Project Phases From January through June, the workflow for the (re)imagining Paradise project in was designed around human-centered design thinking. The process, created by the founders of the firm Ideo, is a method of solving complex problems. It is an iterative design process grounded in first building understanding, then giving all parties involved a chance to explore divergent ideas and thoughts before finally focusing on converging solutions to address specific community needs. The 23-week process* was organized as follows with key presentations noted by date: Weeks 1 – 4 Researching and Building Understanding (and Empathy) January 17, 2019 Weeks 5 – 6 Urban / Concept Planning (Defining Issues) Weeks 7 – 9 Catalytic Project Conceptual Design (Creating Solutions/Prototyping/Testing) February 22, 2019 Weeks 10 – 12 Merged Catalytic Project Conceptual Design (Creating Solutions/Prototyping/Testing) Weeks 13 – 15 Supplementary Research and Tours of Cities (Revising Empathy/Issues) Weeks 16 – 17 Catalytic Project Schematic Design (Creating Solutions/Prototyping/Testing) April 19, 2019 Weeks 18 – 25 Catalytic Project and Concept Plan Design Development) June 3, 2019 *This process commenced two weeks prior to the first of the two quarter series of courses, which accounts for the 25 weeks listed.

COMMUNITY OVERVIEW

History The rich history of Paradise dates back to 1848 when gold was first discovered along the American River. This attracted many of the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s early settlers. The largest gold nugget, weighing 54 pounds, was found in Magalia, an adjacent town to the north. This inspired the Gold Nugget Days Festival, which is celebrated annually in April. Due to the Gold Rush, Paradiseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population grew and infrastructure was built reactively to support the settling families settling. Lumber mills, a post office, a school, and a church were built by 1880. Another round of settlers then came to Paradise and established agriculture, which became a big part of the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity. Infrastructure like the Magalia Reservoir and the Paradise Irrigation District were created to support irrigation needs. In 1889, the town celebrated the Paradise Harvest Festival in honor of this agricultural heritage, which evolved into the Johnny Appleseed Days two-day festival that Paradise still celebrates today. In just over a decade, from 1950 to the mid-1960s, the population of Paradise quadrupled to 20,000 people, and residents decided to incorporate as a town, and the town remained reactive to its rampant growth. Instead of a clear plan for development, the town had low density, sprawl, limited infrastructure, and discontinuous streets. These problems would contribute to the devastation of the wildfires to come. In 2008, the Humboldt Fire evacuated 9,500 Paradise residents and destroyed 66 homes. Ten years later, in November of 2018, the Camp Fire devastated the town, killing 85 people and destroying 14,000 homes and 5,000 other buildings. After the second of these two tragic events, planners questioned whether it was safe to rebuild the town as it once was. It had been determined that the town lacked central planning and adequate infrastructure; Paradise was therefore not fire resilient. Post Camp Fire, Paradise has an opportunity to redesign and address these problems to create a town that is resilient physically, socially, and economically.

DATES OF SIGNIFICANCE IN THE HISTORY OF PARADISE:

Pre-1800: The land is inhabited by the Maidu Tribes. 1849: Gold is first discovered in the American River and attracts the first settlers; they search along Feather River and finally settle in Butte County. 1860-1879: The first town infrastructure is built including a school, post office, and a church. 1880: Logging and livestock become main the town’s economic sectors; the population reaches 301. 1904: The railway system is established; settlers from the Eastern United States travel to California and develop agriculture in Butte County. 1916: Farming flourishes due to the construction of Magalia Reservoir and the establishment of the Paradise Irrigation District. 1937: The first Paradise fair is held. 1955: “Paradise” is given its name, and its population reaches approximately 5,000. 1966: The population reaches 20,000. 1979: Paradise is incorporated as an official town covering approximately 18 square miles. 2000: The population reaches 26,400. 2008: The Humboldt Fire stretches over 22,800 acres between Chico and Paradise; 9,500 residents are evacuated from their homes and 66 homes are destroyed. 2018: The Camp Fire, the deadliest California wildfire to date, strikes Paradise and the Chico area; 10,000 structures burn down.

CULTURE AND COMMUNITY ASSETS

The culture of Paradise revolves around its history, community, and outdoor environment. The many assets of Paradise create its culture. Their greatest assets are its festivals and events, Recreation Center, Performing Arts Center, the many outdoor activities available to residents, and most importantly their strong community ties. All of these make Paradise a beloved home to its residents. The town’s major festivals are the Gold Nugget Days, Johnny Appleseed Days, and the Chocolate Festival. Gold Nugget Days celebrate the beginnings of Paradise as a gold mining town where nearby in Magalia the largest gold nugget was found. The first two days of the festival feature a parade, a Miss Gold Nugget Pageant, a children’s costume contest, a donkey derby, and a crafts fair among many other fun activities. Johnny Appleseed Days celebrate its history of agriculture. It is a two-day festival during which there is local entertainment, vendors, artisans, and most importantly apple pies. The residents of Paradise bake a thousand apple pies for this event. The Chocolate Fest is a fun day to celebrate all things chocolate. Among the events during this day are the “fun run” called the Chocolate Chase, a bike ride called Tour ‘de Chocolate, the Chocolate Cuisine Challenge, and the royal coronation of the Chocolate Fest Queen and King. These three festivals bring the community together to celebrate their town, history, and people, and community celebrations is one of the town’s strongest assets. The other most important asset the town has is its natural environment. Paradise is recognized for its dynamic surroundings, with vistas of pine and oak forests, rivers, and mountains. Being there is like living and breathing nature. During the summer months, there are swimming spots and rivers right outside of town. There are many hikes and trails like the Paradise Flume Trail to the east of town and the Paradise Memorial Trailway, which is located right along the middle of town. In the winter months when it snows, a short drive southwest allows residents to ski and snowboard. In town, they have parks like Billie Park, which has beautiful landscaping, a gazebo, and a lake that makes it a great place to go for the day. It is also a great venue for events like weddings and birthdays. There is Terry Ashe Park, as well, where the Paradise Recreation Center is located. The Recreation Center is utilized for birthdays and events, and during the winter the skating rink opens. The natural landscape and available outdoor activities make being active in sports and outdoors a great part of the lives of the people of Paradise. All of these assets, the festivals, nature and outdoor activities, and civic centers, create the culture and lifestyle of Paradise. These are the reasons people settled in Paradise and they are the reasons people choose to retire there. It is what makes its people feel proud and passionate about their town.

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Tall Pines Entertainment Center bowling alley

Religious Buildings and Events community gathers for a bap�sm

Table Mountain Masonic Lodge events like Bikers Against Child Abuse

Gold Nugget Museum historical roots of the town

Paradise Performing Arts Center plays and musicals

Aqua�c Park lake, landscaping, trees

Bille Park beau�ful outdoor venue

Bille Park landscaping, trees, pavillion, hiking trails

Paradise Memorial Trailway 5 mile long paved trail

Paradise Flume Trail trail just outside Paradise to the East

Miocene Flume Canal fun swimming spot, mini waterfalls

Paradise Chocolate Fes�val Chocolate Royale Corona�on

Paradise Chocolate Fes�val many fun events and ac�vi�es

Gold Nugget Days parade through town

Johnny Appleseed Days many fun booths, food, and ac�vi�es

Paradise Recrea�on Center swimming pool

Paradise Recrea�on Center ice ska�ng rink

Paradise Recrea�on Center kids a�er school program

Paradise Recrea�on Center adult ﬁtness programs

Paradise Recrea�on Center dance classes

Paradise Recrea�on Center kids and teens sports

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Gold Nugget Days parade through town

Johnny Appleseed Days many fun booths, food, and ac�vi�es

Paradise Chocolate Fes�val many fun events and ac�vi�es

h�ps://www.chicoer.com/2018/12/19/despite-camp-ﬁre-paradiseice-rink-to-reopen/ h�ps://www.paradiseprpd.com/discovery_clubs.html h�p://chocolatefest.us/about/gallery/ h�ps://www.trover.com/d/ubt7-hiking-trail-paradise-california h�ps://www.sfchronicle.com/california-wildﬁres/ar�cle/Dancingthrough-disaster-The-Camp-Fire-destroyed-13574245.php#photo-16846203 h�p://www.altacal.org/birding-sites/ParadiseFlumeTrail/ h�ps://www.mynspr.org/post/road-gold-nugget-days h�ps://www.paradiseprpd.com/facili�es.html

Aqua�c Park lake, landscaping, trees

Paradise Memorial Trailway 5 mile long paved trail

Miocene Flume Canal fun swimming spot, mini waterfalls

Paradise Performing Arts Center plays and musicals

Paradise Recrea�on Center kids a�er school program

Paradise Recrea�on Center ice ska�ng rink

ECONOMIC

Similar to many rural towns scattered across the United States, Paradise had a very localized economy. As a town with a majorly aging population, Paradise employs 10,024 people out of a total population of 26,396 people. Based on an index in which the U.S. average cost of living is 100 (an index > 100 means it is more expensive compared to the U.S. average), California is 169, and Paradise is 111. Housing is the biggest factor in the cost of living in Paradise. The median property value is $205,500, which is higher than the U.S. ($193,500), but lower than California ($442,400). As a comparatively affordable town in the State of California, it is no surprise that some former Chico residents would want to retire to the town. In fact, the top three industries of healthcare and social assistance (25.8%; 2,589 people), retail trade (13.2%; 1,319 people), and educational services (8.4%; 844 people) complement its aging population. The healthcare and social assistance category consists of registered nurses; nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides; and personal care aides. This category is the fifth highest paying industry in Paradise; employees earn a median annual income of $32,483. The retail trade category consists of retail salespersons, first-line supervisors of retail sales workers, and cashiers. The educational services category consists of elementary and middle school teachers, post-secondary teachers, and teacher assistants. This category is the fourth highest paying industry in Paradise; employees earn a median annual income of $33,496. Additionally, as a rural town, Paradise has a high number of residents working in the industry categories of agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting (251 people), healthcare and social assistance (2,589 people), and utilities (123 people), which, according to the census, is high comparatively for a town its size. The highest paying industries in Paradise by annual median earnings are utilities ($67,667), real estate, rentals and leasing ($52,130), and finance and insurance ($50,679). The lowest paying industries are arts, entertainment, and recreation ($9.453); accommodation and food services ($11.538); and administrative, support, and waste management services ($20,424). Occupationally, the most common jobs of Paradise residents are administrative (11.4%; 1,145 people), management (10.3%; 1,033 people), and sales (9.6%; 960 people). From there, Paradise has an unusually high number of residents working in the occupation categories of health technicians (450 people); personal care and service (728 people); and farming, fishing, and forestry (101 people). The highest paying jobs by annual median earnings are life, physical, and social science employees ($79,955), firefighting supervisors ($71,625), and legal employees ($63,247). The lowest paying jobs are in food and serving ($13,072), arts and recreation ($14,561), and personal care and service ($15,405). Unfortunately, due to its isolated location with limited localized economic opportunity, Paradise did have a stagnant economy before the Camp Fire. Its unemployment rate of the time was 4.6%, whereas the national rate is 3.9%. University students were not returning to Paradise after graduation, which led to the increasingly aging workforce. Additionally, many residents did not work in Paradise and would instead commute every day to Chico in order to compete in the job market.

PRIOR AND ANTICIPATORY DEMOGRAPHICS

Before the Camp Fire, Paradise was home to a population of 26,400 people, from which 98.9% are US citizens. As of 2017, 2.39% of Paradise, CA residents were born outside of the country. The ethnic composition of the population of Paradise, California, is composed of 23,300 White alone residents (88.3%), 1,640 Hispanic or Latino residents (6.21%), 834 Two or More Races residents (3.15%), 308 American Indian and Alaska Native alone residents (1.17%), 269 Asian alone residents (1.02%), 53 Black or African American alone residents (0.2%), 0 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone residents (0%), and 0 Some Other Race alone residents (0%). Given its demographics, the most common foreign languages spoken in Paradise are Spanish or Spanish Creole (703 speakers), German (167 speakers), and Chinese (88 speakers). Due to the disproportionally large young and old populations in Paradise, the median age of all people in Paradise was 49.2. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 49, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 58. Paradise was majorly a town with young families and retired couples. Consequently, the town was home to a large population of veterans with over 1,039 Vietnam, 299 Korean, and 217 Gulf War veterans. Looking forward, the demographics of the town will change dramatically as people begin to repopulate the area. In fact, according to a survey from Urban Design Associates, only 51% of residents plan on returning to Paradise. Furthermore, only 36% say that they intend to have their children return to school in Paradise. Through conversation with displaced Paradise residents, many have expressed that retired residents have decided that it is not worth the wait to rebuild in Paradise and have instead moved elsewhere. Many generational families likely will return to Paradise since their families have resided there for centuries. As for the influx of people wanting to re-populate Paradise, the overall economic, workforce, and educational development of the town will determine the demographics of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;newâ&#x20AC;? Paradise.

RESILIENCY AND DISASTER RECOVERY

THE CAMP FIRE

All cities grapple with responding to threats. In California, natural threats include tsunamis, earthquakes, flooding or fires and in some cases a mix of all these. Towns in locations in High Fire Hazard Zones are primarily contending with the threat of wildland sourced fires. These fires can be caused by natural sources such as lightning, human-caused or infrastructure-based. The more accessible the natural setting, the more likely that humans play a role, intentional or not, in enhancing these natural threats. In Paradise, there were two fires in 2008 that necessitated evacuation, caused damage to property (buildings and vehicles), and played a role in influencing the natural surroundings that created the deadly conditions of the 2018 fire. Post 2008, PG&E provided maintenance along the ridge where they removed mature trees surrounding the above ground utility lines Once these mature trees had been removed, the underbrush was able to grow exponentially, and PG&E did not continue with their maintenance regimen. The Camp Fire of Butte County, California, began on November 8, 2018, and was not fully contained until the 25th of November. During that time, the fire swept through the town of Paradise and the surrounding wilderness. The fire led to 85 civilian fatalities and 12 people injured. By the time of containment,153,300 acres and nearly 19,000 structures had burned, depleting the town of most of its resources, including fresh water. The fire created $16.5 billion in damage, over $4 billion of which was not insured. The Camp Fire was the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in Californiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history and the deadliest fire in the United States since the Cloquet Fire of 1918. Further investigations since this time determined that under-maintained electrical transmission lines ignited fires in two locations (Pulga and Concow/Rim Roads) to create the deadly fire. These initial starts combined with â&#x20AC;&#x153;idealâ&#x20AC;? fire conditions to create the extraordinarily fast moving and hot burning fire. Winds were blowing down the ridge at 40 - 50 mph, relative humidity was extraordinarily low (11%), and the ignition points were met with poorly maintained underbrush that acted as perfect fuel for the fire. Interestingly enough, the underbrush was thriving due to maintenance practices caused by the 2008 fires, which also were found to be caused by PG&E.

PARADISE, CALIFORNIA

CHICO, CALIFORNIA

SAN LUIS OBISPO, CALIFORNIA

The Town of Paradise is home to a population of 26,000 people that is fairly uniform in age, race, and social aspects. Much of the town is private residences, with a few main streets that are lined with commercial or public spaces. There is a number of parks and green spaces open to community members and community events, and close access to hiking trails and the mountain ridges that surround the town. Travel in Paradise is very car centric, since most of the streets lack sidewalks for pedestrians.

Chico is a city in northern California and is the most populous of Butte County. While it is in the same county as Paradise, it is a little higher in density and offers more of a diversity within its neighborhood with a section of the town with semi-private properties with shops as well as homes and historical landmarks for the other parts. Chico also has a well rounded collection of parks and creekside greenways that adds to the beauty of this town

San Luis Obispo is a city in California’s Central Coast region. The population was 45,119 at the 2010 census. And has a diverse sense of community with the range from mountains for hiking, ocean and beach for relaxing, to a downtown for a place of gathering and shopping. While it is a convenient town to bike and walk since it is a college town, it also allows for the option for public transportation and personal vehicles if desired to get around places.

OSLO, NORWAY

Oslo is the capital of Norway and is known for its green spaces and museums. It is included in this list of ideal cities because of it’s great public transportation system, which you can access with one ticket (the Oslo pass). The transportation system includes buses, trains, and metros.

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark, its population averages along 602,481. Copenhagen is considered an ideal city due to its walkability. Most main areas of the city are walkable and open, with wide paths for bikes, as well as a well organized transit system. It is also known for its mixed use residences and retail.

SERENBE, PALMETTO, GEORGIA

ISSAQUAH HIGHLANDS, WASHINGTON

Serenbe is a neighborhood within the city limits of Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia, in Fulton County, in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Serenbe is an example of New Urbanism. Serenbe’s residences consist of single-family houses and row houses. All have front porches, and none have backyards, but rather face on common green space and trails. Close proximity to shops and services encourages walking.

Issaquah Highlands is a small new development of 9000 people, that focuses mainly on residential and follows the new urbanism planning ideology, a land use philosophy that respects the environment and seeks to preserve open space. Issaquah Highlands includes many mixed use apartments, public parks, with playgrounds and courts, easy access to hiking trails and nature, and plays close attention to pedestrian and bike travel.

BASEL, SWITZERLAND

Walking is the standard mode of travel for many within the city. Old Basel isn’t very large and there are many narrow and winding side streets with incredible slopes. The shopping streets in the old city are closed to car trafﬁc. Walking around Basel can is the best way to experience the city.

REYKJAVIK, ICELAND

Reykjavik is a city in Iceland. It has a population of 128,000 people with an area of 105 square miles. This city is on the list because it is one of the cleanest, greenest, and safest cities in the world. It is the center of Iceland’s economic growth, it has rich cultural heritage, and it’s lifestyle consists of nightlife, live music, and street art.

Diverse Livelihoods

Support Mechanisms

Supported Pivoting

Long term Livelihood

Various industries for job opportunity.

Systems to catch people if they fall.

People can adapt to changes.

Translates to savings + secure income.

+ Community Support

Secure individuals leads to secure communities.

+ Create Trust

Citizens can trust each other and their government.

= Give People Platforms

Community Identity

Let people be heard and speak out.

Trusting communities form unique identities.

DEFINING AND IMPLEMENTING RECOVERY

Recovery in the wake of disaster is multifaceted challenge reliant on the ability of community members and aid organizations to cooperate toward shared goals. Many entities can be involved in both short and long term recovery, including residents/community members themselves, volunteer and civic organizations, faith-based organizations, schools, businesses, academic institutions, and governmental agencies. After the Camp Fire, the first steps toward recovery were taken by community members themselves, who set up an encampment in the parking lot of a Walmart in Chico, California. Later, FEMA began passing out motel room vouchers and the Red Cross and local church congregations established ten shelters. Finding access to shelter and food, along with medical care for the injured, should always be the first response after a disaster, as meeting these basic needs is the catalyst that helps those impacted regain their sense of safety and can allow them to process the trauma they have faced. The effects of disasters like the Camp Fire on mental health range based on personal experience and residents of Paradise experienced a myriad of traumas including sustaining serious injuries, enduring near-death experiences, losing loved ones, witnessing devastation among friends, family, neighbors, and the greater community, and experiencing the irreparable loss of possessions and property. In their article on the Psychological Impact of Natural Disasters in Adults, Anka A. Vujanovic, Ph.D. and Matthew W. Gallagher, Ph.D., state that “individuals directly impacted by natural disasters may be feel a strong sense of grief, panic, loss, fear, and sadness.”In Paradise, professionals came in to help with the psychological effects of the tremendous loss, but notably community members uplifted and supported one another in their recovery. “Maintaining a connection to others in the aftermath of disaster can be healing for individuals and the community. Avoiding isolation and increasing social support is an important factor in building resilience” (Vujanovic and Gallagher). As these basic needs of physical and psychological health were addressed, the community also began to focus on long term recovery with the Paradise Long Term Recovery Working Group. While Paradise is a community destroyed by disaster, it is also a community with a desire to rebuild. FEMA notes the need to plan for long term recovery, or “ the need to re-establish a healthy, functioning community that will sustain itself over time.” It outlines 13 importants steps to long term recovery:

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THIS ASSESSMENT FOCUSES ON ESTABLISHING THE “LONG-TERM IMPACT OF DAMAGES SUSTAINED BY A COMMUNITY,” LOOKING SPECIFICALLY AT THE HOUSING, INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND ECONOMY SECTORS. IN PARADISE, THE IMMEDIATE NEEDS THAT WERE IDENTIFIED INCLUDED SITE CLEAN-UP, INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT, AND FINDING FUNDING TO REBUILD. MEETING THESE NEEDS IS SEEN AS THE PRECURSOR TO REBUILDING A NEW, MORE RESILIENT PARADISE. AT THE SITE LEVEL WAS QUICK TO IDENTIFY THE PHYSICAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE FIRE, MAKING THIS INFORMATION READILY AVAILABLE TO RESIDENTS AND THOSE ATTEMPTING TO HELP: CAL FIRE ARCGIS.

SELECTING A LEADER AND OUTLINING A LONG TERM COMMUNITY RECOVERY PROGRAM

FEMA STATES THAT LEADERSHIP IS A CRITICAL STEP, NOTING “A GOOD LEADER WILL SERVE AS A BEACON FOR COMMUNITY AND GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT AND WILL CONVEY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RECOVERY PROCESS TO LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL OFFICIALS.” TO HELP WITH THE LONG TERM RECOVERY A NUMBER OF SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS LISTED JOINED WITH THE TOWN OF PARADISE AND URBAN DESIGN ASSOCIATES (UDA) TO CREATE A LONG TERM RECOVERY PLAN.

SECURING OUTSIDE SUPPORT

Because of the nature of disaster, recovery is not possible alone. Creating partnerships with local, state and federal agencies, as well as private and non-governmental organizations can make the recovery process more effective. The Town of Paradise has found partnerships with several public and private agencies across the spectrum of needs that Paradise has identified. These include organizations that focus on economic development, schools and youth, utilities, arts and culture, academia, and housing. Because support from these agencies must be coordinated, frequent meetings at a range of scales have been held, and the input from all groups has been noted in order to best create a plan that meets the desires of the town. A fund has been formed titled Butte Strong focused on addressing long term recovery needs. Further work is yet to be done to engage support beyond this source, including funds from PGE, State of California, Federal and other sources. UDA hosted many outreach meetings to engage the community, and their desires for the future Paradise have been heard. Because of the devastation of the Camp Fire.

ESTABLISHING A PUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGN

The long term success of a recovery program is largely determined by the extent of community involvement. A public information campaign helps get community members involved and focused on long-term planning for the community. This can be a challenge when the longterm circumstances of community members may be unclear. Residents are scattered across the country, but with an anticipated 51% of residents planning to return to rebuild sharing information to involve the community is critical and allows the community to take back ownership of their town. The Town has since hired an agency to help with communication called Blue Flamingo.

REACHING A CONSENSUS

This is the stage that Paradise is at now, where stakeholders make decisions that allow the long term recovery program to move forward. White stakeholders may be diverse and there may be tensions between different groups, these groups can be continuously re-oriented toward common goals that better the community and town as a whole. Paradise has many steps ahead, and the recovery process likely will not end for many years. The Paradise community has strong leaders and community members that are dedicated to rebuilding, and their progress thus far in establishing a plan illustrates the willingness and excitement moving forward toward a more resilient town. Marcy Douglas, city administrator of Northwood, North Dakota, a community of 1,000 that was leveled by a category 4 tornado, believes that the recovery mindset was vital to the rebuilding of her city, explaining that â&#x20AC;&#x153;If you respond to a disaster with recovery in mind, recovery will happen,â&#x20AC;? (Douglas as quoted by Becker, 7).

et people be heard and speak out.

Trusting communities form unique identities.

Overall

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ESILIENCY

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ECONOMIC

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WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE

In California the number of housing units in Wildland Urban Interface, or (WUI) has gone up from 3.3 million units in 1990 to 4.4 million in 2010 (Cal Fire). WUI’s are communities surrounded by natural areas at risk of wildland fires. Roughly 50% of Butte County, CA and the entirety of the Town of Paradise are characterized by Cal Fire as being located in a very high fire hazard severity zone. However, the purpose of the Wildland Urban Interface standards is meant to inform communities on materials for buildings that can preserve life. The State Fire marshal states that protecting a building from a wildfire requires two things: Removing flammable materials from around the building, with fuel modification to 100 feet (or the property line) Zone 1(0’-30’) Tree branches Shrubs Dead plants grass and weeds Prune/remove plants and shrubs near windows Overhanging vegetation from roof/chimney Under deck vegetation Zone 2 (30’-100’) Horizontal space between shrub and trees Lawns trimmed to 4” Remove fallen branches Remove all branches below 6’ above ground from tree Fire resistant accessory structures and fencing Construct the building of fire resistive materials. Roof coverings, Fire resistive wall and ceiling-floor assemblies, Non combustible or fire resistant decking Fire doors, Tempered glass Non combustible wall finish materials and cladding Fire dampers, enclosed under floor areas Shield gutters, fire and non-fire related hardware, electrical appliances and devices For reconstruction there is an opportunity to leverage existing on-site resources and improve fire resistivity in the newly built structures. Materials listed such as solid wood and cross laminated timber are now recognized nationally (and by code) as sustainable methods deemed to have a very appropriate performance in a fire (up to 90 minutes). Unlike steel, solid wood and CLT remains structurally stable in a fire up to 400 degrees due to creating a charred layer.

RESILIENCY

Resiliency is defined as the ability of a place, and all aspects that makes that place unique, to recover after a disaster. This broad idea of resiliency is broken down into three major categories: social, economic, and physical. In order for design to fully support its user population, it should seek to provide resilience in all three of these categories. The intersection of different types of resiliency compounds the ability of the environment to prevent and recover from disaster.

SOCIAL RESILIENCY

A socially resilient place has a strong sense of community that is developed through community events, classes, and architecture that fosters congregation. Paradise was able to maintain this type of community through several different churches, as well as popular community events. Such a community is able to come back together in the aftermath of a disaster in order to organize and create a recovery plan.

ECONOMIC RESILIENCY

Creating a place with economic resiliency ensures that it can recover after economic downturns and also have a financial base to aid in natural disaster recovery. Planning for and inviting diversity of business and industries enhances resiliency, and also helps create income for the town or city. Prior to the Camp Fire, the Town of Paradise was in fiscal decline, which has created hurdles for rebuilding efforts. Moving forward, Paradise is working to design a more vibrant town that provides for its residents most basic needs as well as creating diverse livelihood and employment opportunities for the residents to enjoy. Building this type of economy will provide residents with head-of-household jobs provide financial security for the individual as well.

PHYSICAL RESILIENCY

Of special importance to the Town of Paradise and other communities that reside in the Wildland Urban Interface is physical resiliency. This form of resiliency focuses on designing a built environment that is defensible against disaster. In Paradise, this involves designing buildings composed of fire resistive or non-combustible materials. Other considerations include the local availability and embodied energy of materials. Paradise must also redesign its communications, water, and energy infrastructure to sustain its anticipated future population.To build a strong foundation for new residents and future generations, these new or renovated water and energy infrastructures should be regenerative.

LEARNING FROM OTHERS (NEW ORLEANS, NEWBERN, ATLANTA)

NEW ORLEANS

The NINTH WARD, which was funded by the Make It Right Foundation was an example of architecture that failed to properly address the community it’s serving. These houses failed to account for the environment of New Orleans, they didn’t fit into the surrounding neighborhood, and weren’t built in a way to help prevent major damage to them if another Hurricane were to hit. However, MUSICIAN’S VILLAGE, which was an example of a successful Post-Katrina development. This neighborhood stuck to the traditional style of architecture found in the area and kept the prices of these homes at an affordable rate so these families could move in and have property that they could accrue wealth with. While visiting WAGGONER AND BALL, they presented some of their projects in New Orleans and how these projects address the very prominent issue of flooding. Their projects also had a large focus on contributing to the beautification of the neighborhoods they were in, while still conforming to culture of the areas they were in. These communities exemplified the importance of understanding the community itself, the needs of it and people who inhabit it. Without this understanding, the design of the project starts to become less about the residents, which results in a weaker project that seems out of place in the surrounding context. This understanding is fundamental to the design process and when it is analyzed meaningfully, it results in project that is both valued by the community and used by the community. It’s also important to take into consideration the risk that comes with building in a certain area and appropriately adapting the building to mitigate or prevent damage. Yaya Arts Center URBAN BUILD, which is program run through TULANE UNIVERSITY, allows students to fully design and build houses in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. These houses are then sold at market rate for the neighborhood which they are built in. The purpose of these projects is meant to help bring up the value of the surrounding neighborhood and to attract people into moving into them to help revitalize them culturally. Programs like this show the importance of not only designing a project that fits into the surrounding community, but one that actively contributes to the community culturally. It has to improve the community as a whole and help make it a desirable place to live in.

NEWBERN, ALABAMA

The town of Newbern and the RURAL STUDIO also provided some insight on how to properly design projects that still feel like a part of the communities theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re serving, while still remaining architecturally stimulating. All these projects achieved a balance between modernity and modesty, giving them a unique feeling of innovation and comfort. A lot of these projects used similar building materials found in other existing projects in the community but combined them with a more modern and contemporary take on architecture. The importance of finding a balance between this drive as an architect to create a visually and experientially stunning project and a project which appropriately addresses the needs and feeling of the surrounding town is tough. However, finding that middle ground is essential to successful project.

GREENSBORO, ALABAMA

MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA

ATLANTA, GEORGIA

In Atlanta, BNIM had a design charrette session that provided a lot of valuable information. While they echoed some of the lessons stated above, they also stressed the importance of having a project respond to its immediate surroundings. Either by using the building to frame certain views or move and highlight important features of the site. They also focused a lot on how the facade of building can really impact how people at the street level experience a building, because this is the only way people will experience the project. While it may look good from a birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye view, if the project feel massive or domineering, it wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel welcoming. The whole trip was an extremely helpful experience being able to collaborate briefly with professional architects and pick apart successful and unsuccessful projects. These projects and people had a lot of valuable lessons that are essential to being able to design a project that appropriately responds to and addresses the people and community it is meant to serve.

VISION AND GOALS

OUTREACH AND COMMON THEMES

Before establishing a set of goals and objectives, it was necessary to extend beyond tertiary resources to real and interpersonal interactions. The first three weeks of studio primarily concerned itself with research of the Town of Paradise and Butte County. The data was then compiled into a series of assessments that were displayed during the different outreach sessions with Chico and former Paradise residents. These reports included resiliency palettes, precedent studies, asset maps, and informational posters regarding Paradise’s demographics, climate, history, etc. The outreach was divided into many sessions that allowed diverse interaction with many audiences ranging from Chico State students and faculty, Paradise residents, and disaster recovery organizations. These sessions served more as forms of interactive listening meetings to gain feedback and develop a personal understanding of Paradise before proceeding with a recovery plan. In order to achieve this, different activities took place within the meetings such as interactive boards where attendees were able to mark our assessment reports, a “how might we” station where people can brainstorm and write on sticky notes, and one on one interviews where Paradise residents can share their personal experiences as “Day in the Life” descriptions. There were many recurring topics discussed during these listening meetings. Coming from the faculty of Chico State, many addressed that Paradise was a “bedroom” community, a town many go to for retirement. Between the different audiences met with during these sessions, many agreed that Paradise needed improved fire safety and evacuation routes through an improved network of roads and communication between residents. However, many expressed Paradise’s strengths such as proximity to nature, it’s small town culture, the spirit of the people within the community, and access to healthcare. Finally, there was discussion about the future of Paradise to look to opportunities of an improved wastewater system, more businesses, a walkable downtown, a safer street network, and much more.

HOW MIGHT WE…BRAINSTORMING AND OUTCOMES

In the initial phase of re-imagining Paradise, gathering information and opinions beyond online resources took priority. The second week of studio - the week prior to the first trip to Paradise - concerned itself primarily with empathetic listening and preparing to better listen to the needs of Paradise residents without the hindrance of personal biases. In small groups, shared research from the prior week about the town became the topic of discussion. The in-class activity had a variety of researched information turn into educated assumptions about both the current state of the town and possible future needs of future residents which then became a set of concise insight statements that took a more specific stance on the themes discussed. Without providing direct solutions, these insight statement acted as the building blocks to propel the class’s initial design efforts forward. For the next few class sessions, the studio walls were engulfed in multi-colored sticky notes and desks were covered in unused post-its with remnants of past iterative ideas. General themes gathered during the first activity session - such as transportation, sense of community, lifestyle, and city planning - written on large post-its were lined up along the top of each wall with enough room below to hold a plethora of sticky notes with ideas as to how to tend to these themes. During the final step of this activity, the insight statements and proposed ideas were rephrased as “How Might We” questions. In reframing ideas and challenges into questions, there becomes a more direct and creative way of seeking innovative solutions by breaking down problems into themes, focused issues, and commonalities. As this project tackles on a large issue, gaining insight through interpersonal activities with displaced residents of Paradise proved to be a crucial step in the class’s overall approach to re-imagining a more resilient urban forest. The third week of the double quarter welcomed the first class trip to Paradise and Chico where we were able to speak with college faculty, practicing engineers, and displaced former Paradise residents - both adults and the youth. The “How Might We” activity followed the the class to Butte County in the form of a station where engaging in dialogue with individuals who are passionate about the future of their town. Although the previous few weeks were dedicated to in-depth research about Paradise and it’s residents pre-and-post fire, speaking directly with people who experienced the fire and are still dealing with the loss, proved to contribute to and further develop the objective assessments that were initially brought along on the trip.

COMMUNITY VISION AND GOALS

Through in-class efforts, community outreach sessions, and learning from industry professionals helping rebuild Paradise, articulating the generated goals and visions of the community became a medium to further overall class design efforts. Fueled by personal and online research, the class as a whole developed a series of goals to augment the basic assumptions of the project:

To design a town that: Is economically, socially and physically resilient. Attracts new residents to Paradise Attracts students to return to the area after attending College in other areas Allows citizens to age in place. Is resource regenerative (water, energy, wastewater)

Along with generating insight from personal interactions with the Paradise community members, students were able to reference the corresponding work of Urban Design Associates (UDA) - the architectural firm is leading the redesigning efforts for the town. In UDA’s “Community Recovery Plan” (April 19, 2019), the authors of the published document discuss their agenda - elaborating on what they heard through their own community outreach activities and how that translates into their long-term community recovery plan. Despite not working directly with UDA, being able to both speak with and listen to Paradise residents for design insight allowed both the class goals and those of the firm to have some levels of synonimity. In their document, UDA noted the population of attendees of community outreach meetings held in the county. As stated in their long-term community recovery plan, from over 1000 people who attended these community meetings, 78% them were Paradise residents. With such high percentage of the population in attendance having a direct association with the town, it became evident that engaging with and listening to the community would be crucial in understanding how to best design for a new resilient Paradise that would respect traditions while anticipating change to allow for a thriving future community. In this same report, UDA identified that when asked, 51% of Paradise residents they surveyed said they would return to the town after it’s rebuilt while 34% were adamant about not returning - leaving 15% still undecided at the time. This portion of their report sheds light on a primary concern that fueled a lot of the goals established in class. Although a lot of time in class was spent learning about the cultural assets that made Paradise a town treasured by its community, acknowledging the significant percentage of people that would not return to Paradise informs te need to assess why and find design solutions to make Paradise more attractive to future residents. During the first community outreach session at Chico State University, hearing from the school faculty and local engineers informed the class that Paradise is considered a “bedroom community” - a community which serves as a place to sleep as oppose to providing a thriving job economy which individuals have to seek elsewhere. In treating this as a priority, the group projects in this studio collaborate in that they are located in the proposed downtown. With the implementation of a diversity of building typologies and programs within this mixed-use urban center, there is then a simultaneous proposal for a multitude of retail and varying employment opportunities that contribute to an economically thriving community. In terms of promoting physical resiliency, UDA proposes to make Paradise Greener by investing in sustainable design. While that is the premise of this studio’s concern regarding physical quality of the buildings, these group projects address the challenges Paradise faces from their lack of regenerative resources. Among the 9 projects designed in class, there are proposals for a diversity of rainwater catchment systems with beneficial uses for recycled water, anaerobic digester to turn waste into energy, and opportunities for people to learn about and experience through both education and use of fire-resilient building materials.

CREATING A REPLICABLE MODEL

As seen through the California Climate Adaptation Strategy from 2009, climate change will continue to affect Northern California with lower precipitation levels and a dryer future, resulting in a greater risk for wildfires. By 2050, average temperatures will rise an additional 1.8-5.4 °F with inland areas, like Paradise, warmer than coastal regions. Climate change will be affecting the future of California for years to come, and with $2.5 trillion in real estate assets at risk due to extreme weather conditions, (including wildfires) the consequences are dire. Last November, Paradise was the victim of these extreme weather conditions and it’s only a matter of time until another town, like Colfax, Nevada City, or Kings Beach, become the next. These towns are small, like Paradise, and possess similar rugged terrains with tall trees and thick brush, in addition to little defensible space or green buffers between the towns’ and nature. These characteristics, combined with windy weather, could create a deadly combination for wildfires to strike. In order to prevent or reduce current risks for wildfires in Northern California, a replicable model should be created. A replicable model is a model that can be re-created or produced again, based on positive or successful results, and in regards to Paradise, should set the standard with how towns in California should respond to wildfires. These standards will include a detailed short term and long term recovery plan, as well as procedures for how local and state partnerships can aid in the rebuilding process. To be successful, this model should focus on recovery planning and affordable housing, physical, economic and social resiliency, as well as an integration of architecture within the local community context.

In terms of recovery planning and affordable housing, many lessons were learned while looking at the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Housing projects like the Ninth Ward failed by not addressing residents needsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as well as creating a close community. On the other hand, projects like Musicians Village were focused on shared community spaces, units constructed specifically for the acoustical needs of musicians, as well amenities for practice spaces. These affordable houses also were close in proximity which created a density that influenced a tighter sense of community for nearby residents. Relating back to Paradise, although not all residents will be able to afford rebuilding or moving back after the fire, affordable housing projects focused on the specific needs of residents in mind will encourage people to move to Paradise and in turn, create a sense of community. In addition, physical, economic and social resiliency are key in creating a replicable model for towns like Paradise to overcome tragedies such as wildfires. In terms of physical resiliency, new construction projects should use fire resilient materials, such as fiber cement or terra-cotta, and city officials should identify structures that are currently at risk. When Paradise burned, the fire spread more rapidly from roof to roof than it did from vegetation or trees, demonstrating why fire resilient materials were needed. With social resiliency, essentially a community that trusts each other and can provide support in times of crisis are more likely to recover. By finding ways to integrate current and new residents that have dealt with similar tragedies, community relationships will strengthen and result in trust. Lastly, creating a replicable model for towns recovering from wildfires involves contextual integration of site, place, and community identity. Observing the Rural Studio in Hale County, Alabama, it was evident that the students considered themselves residents of the town and the reason their projects integrated so well with the natural surroundings, from materiality to space use, was because the structures were designed for the specific needs of clients and used local and recycled materials. The Rural Studio gave a modern spin to southern architecture while respecting the local aesthetic, which enabled the countess structures theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve built over the years to seamlessly fit within the town and rural fabric of Hale County. After the fire of Paradise itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clear that a replicable model, composed of recovery planning and affordable housing, resiliency, and contextual site integration, is needed for towns like Paradise to thrive after a similar tragedy. This replicable model should be rooted in preserving a community identity while using modern technology and innovation to encourage sustainable practices that will better a given town or city. By creating a model like this, towns at risk may be able to prevent or diminish damages from wildfires and will stay protected for years to come.

Lastly, creating a replicable model for towns recovering from wildfires involves contextual integration of site, place, and community identity. Observing the Rural Studio in Hale County, Alabama, it was evident that the students considered themselves residents of the town and the reason their projects integrated so well with the natural surroundings, from materiality to space use, was because the structures were designed for the specific needs of clients and used local and recycled materials. The Rural Studio gave a modern spin to southern architecture while respecting the local aesthetic, which enabled the countess structures theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve built over the years to seamlessly fit within the town and rural fabric of Hale County. After the fire of Paradise itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clear that a replicable model, composed of recovery planning and affordable housing, resiliency, and contextual site integration, is needed for towns like Paradise to thrive after a similar tragedy. This replicable model should be rooted in preserving a community identity while using modern technology and innovation to encourage sustainable practices that will better a given town or city. By creating a model like this, towns at risk may be able to prevent or diminish damages from wildfires and will stay protected for years to come.

CONSTRUCTUING A DOWNTOWN

GENERAL PLAN UPDATE The New Proposed Paradise Plan aims to create a more easily navigable, fire responsive, and self-sustaining future for Paradise. The density of the town has been spread out radially from the central downtown villages (East Village and West Village), which are generally zoned as commercial mixed use. Immediately adjacent to these villages are residential zones of medium density and then lower density the farther they sit from the downtown villages. The two main N-S roads are Skyway Rd Clarke Rd, and Pentz Rd, which have been maintained as the main town entrances and exits. The main existing E-W roads, Wagstaff Rd and Billie Rd, have been maintained as the major E-W roads with the addition of Elliot Rd which has been extended to meet and continue past Pentz Rd. The new town includes infrastructure placement that will promote a self-sustaining town. This means including facilities that make use of Paradiseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural resources to create more locally sourced water, energy, and building materials. A CLT (cross laminated timber) plant is included in the plan as well as a utility zone near the West Village which houses a water treatment facility for rainwater recycling, and an anaerobic digester for energy production. Specific proposed projects are located in the West Village, East Village, Skyway Rd, and neighborhood centers near the West Village. Within these projects exist a total of 4 cultural centers, over 408,000 square feet of added community space, nearly 400 housing units, over 450,000 square feet of commercial space and a projected 750+ jobs created.

COMMUNITY LAND-USE

The new town plan is organized into the following zones: Residential (of varying density), Commercial, Institutional, and Green Space. Much of the plan is labeled as medium density housing to accommodate the 15,000 dwelling units needed to house an expected population of approximately 30,000. Two commercial downtown villages (West Village and East Village) have been proposed to sit along Pearson Rd, a secondary road running between Skyway and Clarke, two of the major thru N-S roads. These Villages would consist mostly of mixed-use zoning and become the retail hubs for the town, providing places for shopping and entertainment as well as living and working. This zoning also responds to the topography and location of dry brush. While the entirety of Paradise sits on a generally consistent 3% slope, the town is bordered with steeper, undevelopable topography. The steeper topography has been zoned as green space, with low density housing as the next closest zone, to allow for ease of evacuation.

INFRASTRUCTURE (ROADS, WATER AND WASTEWATER, RAINWATER, SOLID WASTE, ENERGY)

Paradise, CA before Camp Fire was essentially comprised of two main roads and a series of winding cul de sacs that navigated through the private residences. The new plan categorizes all roads as main, secondary and bike roads. To improve navigability, all cul de sacs have been reoriented into secondary roads (red) that run perpendicular to main roads (blue). These roads are organized to support multi-modal transportation including bus, bike and vehicular travel. Bike lanes run parallel to all main roads as well as some secondary roads running E-W near the proposed downtown villages. Three different types of roads are proposed for the new downtown: Main Street (located on Almond St), vehicular-accessible streets, and pedestrian-only streets. Main street and vehicular-accessible streets will include a bike lane each way as well as a vehicular lane each way. Main street will include the same, with the addition of a center left-turn lane. Many of the blocks in the existing downtown area are currently split by E-W running mid-block alleys accessible to vehicles. The current downtown plan employs one of these on each of the nine blocks and has reclaimed them as pedestrian-only mid-block alleys to further promote the walkability of the downtown. The proposed downtown was modeled to be self-sustaining and renewable in its energy and water consumption and production. Two blocks below the Southwestern corner of the West Village lies the proposed Utility Zone, which houses a proposed water treatment facility and anaerobic digester. The water treatment facility will take advantage of the abundance of rainfall in Paradise to collect rainwater and convert it to usable water for the entire town to use. The anaerobic digester will be used to create energy by processing waste that is delivered to the facility by truck, hence the close proximity to the town center.

(RE) IMAGINING PARADISE, CA DOWNTOWN CONCEPT PLAN

hospitality

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commercial mixed use

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Our downtown plan is based on the idea of having a main street (Almond Street) that includes mixed use housing and commercial. In addition, we decided that Skyway should become a public transit hub, with an increased number of lanes. There are some streets that cut through the blocks horizontally in order to become pedestrian ways. We strive to create resiliency within the downtown and foster a community setting, that is bustling but still feels like Paradise.

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scale: 1” = 100’

WHAT IS PARADISE’S CLIMATE LIKE? Temperature (F) 120

PROPOSED DOWNTOWN RENDERINGS

AT AN ER TR DS E TO ATME RA GE NT

WHAT IS PARADISEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CLIMATE LIKE? Temperature (F) 120

100

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Paradise recieves a large amount of precipitation per year, therefore many of the projects have rainwater capture systems incorporated.

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Hours 82.00<= 73.80

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Re Do Al

SUN PATH DIAGRAM Summer Solstice Winter Solstice

WInd Rose Paradise, CA 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00 Hourly data: wind speed (m/s) Calm for 0.00% of the time = 0 hours. Each closed polyline shows frequency of 1.6% = 138 hours.

WInd Rose Paradise, CA 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00 Hourly data: dry bulb temperature (C) Calm for 0.00% of the time = 0 hours. Each closed polyline shows frequency of 1.6% = 138 hours.

Humidity Ratio [kg water/ kg air]

Psychrometric chart Paradise, CA 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

BUILT TO THRIVE (RESPONDING TO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, AND RESILIENCY)

Acknowledging that Paradise is a smaller town, a more dense and suburban type of downtown would benefit the town to build and encourage economic growth as well as community growth; creating a downtown to allow for the town to gather and support businesses. In order to fulfill the requirement of architecture 2030, most of the community buildings implemented daylighting and natural ventilation strategies to minimize energy use throughout the building. With high precipitation level throughout the concept plan of Paradise, an anaerobic digester is envisioned to be in the outskirt area of downtown as an energy supplier. To revive and learn from the campfire, it is necessary for the town of Paradise to build resilience socially, economically, and physically. According to the downtown zoning concept plan, most buildings are mixed use with the emphasis of providing gathering spaces for the Paradise community, and therefore are expected to increase job opportunities, as well as to increase the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capability to generate enough revenue. The town of Paradise is anticipated to attract various demographic groups with its economic and social potential. The medical village is placed in the north of downtown area with the intention to boost the emergency services of the town. The process of redesigning Paradise is to face the scar brought by the nature and to figure out the fatal flaw that caused such disaster and to prevent the catastrophe happening again. In terms of resiliency, social, physical and emotional were the 3 aspects focused in hopes to better serve the future community of Paradise in a way that could help as a stepping stool to thrive. Understanding that the economic pace of the town prior to the fire, creating new opportunities for businesses to be successful and for residents to be involved would help with the overall economic status of the town. While preserving and acknowledging the nature and prior vegetation is a goal kept in mind while moving forward with the redesign process, being mindful of specific species that are fire resistant is also the other path we are focussing on to allow for physical resiliency. In regards to emotional resiliency, it is understandable that the campfire incident has caused a lot of trauma making it hard for some residence to feel safe or comfortable going back. The hope is that the redesigning process could give them the opportunity to work alongside the design process to be involved and to create a town that could heal some of the scars of fear that prevents them to return back to Paradise.

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

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PROGRAMMATIC Project Purpose

Room List

The Paradise Public Market will be a place to live, work, shop, and enjoy the surrounding community of Paradise through a diverse and exciting food scene.

Vendor Hall Market Vendor Stalls Food Court

Population Served

-Common Seating -Kitchens -Vendor Space

FAMILIES

-Storage Dining Service

The Paradise Public Market should provide entertainment for all ages. Diverse programming will attract kids and their parents to eat and play all in one

Restaurant - Kitchen - Bar -Storage - Seatings -table -service station Apartments 1 Bed appt

COUPLES

Outdoor Plaza

This market will host casual eateries and nicer restaurants, perfect for all kinds of outings.

Seating Courtyard Culinary Arts Lobby Storage Garden Classroom Cooking Classroom

STUDENTS Affordable, casual eateries will attract students to spend money and hang out in this central downtown attraction.

Baking Classroom Support Space

Room List No.

Seats

ASF per

total ASF

Vendor Hall Market Vendor Stalls

Food Court

300

6000 6920

-Common Seating

200

2080

-Kitchens

400

2800

-Vendor Space

120

840

-Storage

400

1200 12,920

Dining Service Restaurant

- Kitchen

600

- Bar

1440

-Storage

300

- Seatings

900

-table

2000

-service station

60 10600

5300 Apartments 1 Bed appt

750

6750 6,750

Outdoor Plaza Seating

100

1040

Courtyard

960 2000

Culinary Arts Lobby

200

Storage

400

800

Garden Classroom

750

Cooking Classroom

750

1500

Baking Classroom

750

750 4000

Support Space Total ASF

36,270

Total GSF

61742

CA tail district of the reimagined downtown of Paradise, CA. The Habitat is an integral part of the proposal t

idea of having a main street (Almond ng and commercial. addition, we exists many shops and foodcourt-style eateries with ample shared seating wntown. Inside theInfood habitat e a public transit hub, with an increased geets to that livecut in the downtown, through the blocks especially those who work nearby. The 9 apartment units share a residential pa ways. We strive to create resiliency testrian classroom spaces dedicated to teaching enrolled Paradise residents the basics of gardening and cooking ommunity setting, that is bustling but still

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to reimagine Paradise through an economic lense. g. On the street level also exists two sit-down restaurants with outdoor seating. atio that has shaded seating, resident garden boxes and a bonfire for guest and resident congregation. goposal withtothe abundant local agriculture. reimagine Paradise through an economic lense.

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PHYSICAL PHYSICAL

Resiliency is achieved through building materiality. The Food Habitatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main system and flooring heavy timber Resiliency is achievedphysically physically through building materiality. The Food Habitatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main structural system andstructural flooring is heavy timber glulam and CLT,iswhich posesses a glulam and CLT, which p fire-resistent char layer. The The primary facade material is fiber cement, which is a naturally fire is resistive material.fire resistive material. fire-resistent char layer. primary facade material is fiber cement, which a naturally

SOCIAL

SOCIAL The Food Habitat also aims to improve the social resiliency of Paradise, CA. Restaurants, residents, and culinary students have access to their own garden boxes to cook and sell food made with freshly-made ingredients. The Culinary Wing offers space for the culinary students to learn how to create new and interesting food to excite the downtown area. The Food Market is a space for local growers and makers to sell their produce and products and economically empower the community of Paradise at the local level.

The Food Habitat also aims to improve the social resiliency of Paradise, CA. Restaurants, residents, and culinary students have access to their own garden bo sell food made with freshly-made ingredients. The Culinary Wing offers space for the culinary students to learn how to create new and interesting food to exc area. The Food Market is a space for local growers and makers to sell their produce and products and economically empower the community of Paradise at th ce

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Solar panels placed on South side of angled roof for renewable energy production

Operable skylight for daylighting the double height food hall space

VAV system for air distribution in food hall and market spaces

10.75” x 18” heavy timber glulam beams 10.75” x 10.5” heavy timber glulam columns

n Stair Court

Hydronic chilled ceiling

PROGRAM + CONCEPT DIAGRAM OF FOOD HUB

THE FUTURE

WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? If it’s not Paradise, then it’s New Orleans. If it’s not New Orleans, then it’s the Gulf of Texas. If it’s not the Gulf of Texas, then it’s anywhere else in the world. There is no way to mitigate the amount of damage and destruction the people of Paradise have been through, but there are countless examples when humans have tried to fight against nature, and nature always wins. Through research, experimentation, and trips to Paradise and similarly affected cities, this studio has attempted to understand how to work with, instead of against, nature, in order to build socially, physically, and economically resilient cities that can withstand natural disasters. In order to do this, it is inherent that future projects be strategic in how they are built, where they are built, and with what they are built. Moving forward, the hope is that this project can serve as a map for future design of towns. As a result of this studio effort, Paradise will receive research about similarly affected cities; custom weather data; and downloads of street sections, town plans, building plans, building sections, elevations, physical models, Revit models, and comprehensive projects that can serve the town as a whole. The hope is that the town can utilize this work to begin to rebuild in a constructive way. Because this is a systemic issue, the work also may be utilized in other contexts. If it’s not Paradise, then it’s New Orleans. That is to say, there will be other fires and there will be other disasters. The projects and work resultant from this effort may be transferred into other settings and give others who have been affected by natural disasters a sense of hope in dark times.

IMPLEMENTATION BEGINS

Vacant Property Given the varied sources of funding for the rebuilding of Paradise, there is a likelihood that there were will be undeveloped parcels in previously complete neighborhoods. Care should be taken to ensure that density goals are achieved and not undermined during the development process. As rebuilding occurs, there also will likely be vacant properties interspersed among others. A plan should be developed, through consultation with property owners, to maintain these properties over the course of their evolution. Some strategies to be considered when managing this potential issue are as follows: - Focus on the Core: Where possible, redevelopment efforts should be focused on the proposed downtown core and built concentrically outward. While individual property owners may want to rebuild on their existing property or may even desire to locate further from downtown, a general fund should be established to fiscally incentivize concentration near the town core that gradually moves outward. Concentrated growth will help create a complete appearance in downtown which can then be built out from there. By focusing on the center and working outward, Paradise may rebound more quickly and may be served more affordably by utilities and services. A Kickstarter campaign for this effort could include CALReUSE and Proposition 1 (amongst others). - Park Space and Community Gardens: As an interim use, once remediated, vacant lots should be considered as part of the larger open space network of the community. The town may consider identifying strategic parcels as neighborhoods serving pocket parks or community gardens. Thoughtful maintenance of these properties will turn potential â&#x20AC;&#x153;missing teethâ&#x20AC;? into assets. - Land Bank: It may be necessary for Paradise to land-bank vacant properties. By acquiring strategic properties, the town may be better able to control development and take on appropriate maintenance. In this way, the community can better control the rate and type of development in different parts of the town, expedite development of certain types in certain areas of the town, and partner with academic institutions or other nonprofits on development.

FOCUSING ON LONG TERM ECONOMIC VIABILITY

Social, economic, and physical resiliency are key to the re-imagination of Paradise. Following a way to spur social resiliency, it is also important create economic resiliency. The proposed future plan for Paradise includes a medical campus, which will provide countless job opportunities, basic access to healthcare, and educational opportunities. Not only will a medical campus help foster social resiliency, then, but also the medical campus will create a flourishing and strong economy in Paradise, California. Lebanon, Oregon, developed a similar community based around health care. Following Lebanonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s example, Paradise can incorporate economic resiliency to strengthen the town as a whole.

STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS

Prior to the fire, the town of Paradise lacked a developed wastewater treatment system and complete road network. In order to properly rebuild Paradise with a viable, walkable downtown, the implementation of a well-built infrastructure must come first. After these two crucial investments, similar projects should then begin to be built around a centralized downtown. The downtown will include mixed-use housing, retail spaces, public services, and other commercial mixed-use projects to create a diverse urban center. It will have a strictly pedestrian path to encourage walking as the primary mode of travel instead of vehicles, and it will be easily navigable. Through strategic investment, the centralized downtown will support a flourishing community. In order to rebuild a town after such a devastating event, a sense of community needs to be re-established. The tight knit community in Paradise is inspiring and essential to both its identity and success as a town. Residents of Paradise engage in festivals together and celebrate its rich history, regardless of their backgrounds or differing personal perspectives. Rohn Grotenhuis and Gretchen Holy from BNIM suggest that the first building type in which a re-imagined Paradise should invest should be one of a civic nature, like a school. A school allows a place for community meetings, it may incentivize people to return, and it can be easily converted to serve whatever programmatic needs must be met. This necessary investment will spur social resiliency first and foremost.

DEVELOPING (THE NEXT) RECOVERY

INCENTIVIZING REBUILDING RIGHT

A challenge of this project has been the inherent need and want from Paradise residents who â&#x20AC;&#x153;just want to go home.â&#x20AC;? Given the sensitive nature of this project, it has been of the utmost importance to attempt to understand the pain former residents have been and continue to go through. Architects are meant to serve the community, and to do this, empathy is key. So, while the temptation to return and rebuild quickly in Paradise is understandable, this project aimed to display how re-building right can lead to long-term success for the town. Since 1999, there have been 13 large wildfires within the footprint of the Camp Fire. A long history of wildfires necessitates the need for design that acknowledges such a natural environment, not one that ignores it only to suffer the consequences later. Specifically, there is a need for better infrastructure to be put in place before any rebuilding can happen. Also, choosing to build out of sustainable materials that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fight with the fire (like cross-laminated timber) will create physically resilient buildings. In addition, prior to the fire, Paradise did not have a centralized downtown or walkability. The fire provides a unique opportunity to redesign the town in way that improves the lives of those who live there and encourages a new generation to be involved in the community.

NEXT STEPS

While this studioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s primary focus was on the architectural and urban planning needs of Paradise, other steps must be taken before new buildings or a centralized downtown can be developed. As mentioned above, investment in infrastructure is critical to the future success of Paradise. A new wastewater system, road network, and energy production will create a stable foundation upon which the town can rebuild. Providing water catchment systems for future builds provides an alternative water source to back up the main water supply and creates more sustainable and self-sufficient projects. Backing this framework will ensure that Paradise can grow as a self-sustaining town that is resilient in the face of disaster and tragedy. Following this, and as Paradise looks to rebuild, a series of surveys must first be initiated. This surveying can be done by students from Cal Poly, Chico State, Sacramento State, etc. Not only will students learn from hands-on experience, but also the survey will be of no cost to Paradise residents. Paired with surveying, brownfield sites should be identified in order to receive state investment from the Cal Reuse funds. These funds will help to push forward the re-building of the town and the construction of civic projects. Investment in key building typologies, like the high school and medical campus, and a centralized downtown, will serve as catalysts for change and will spur regrowth in the town of Paradise. For the medical campus specifically, bringing together key organizations like Butte Community College, Western University of Health Sciences, and Adventist Health Care will help start the conversation about establishing such a campus. Alongside this, the development of sustainable and affordable housing will allow former residents to return home and will attract others to relocate to Paradise. To help with rebuilding and designing, a staffed local office that provides free/low-cost design services (likely by students) can be set up. It should follow the successful examples of URBANBuild at Tulane University and Rural Studio from Auburn University. The design office could also offer free on-site building workshops for DIY builders. More research into, and the execution of, a fire-resilient building palette that provides material suggestions for future builds in Paradise is likewise a potential next step. Easy access to this resource will encourage conscious and resilient re-building. With time and well thought out planning, new construction and urban planning that is focused on creating social, economic, and physical resiliency will help to re-imagine a thriving Town of Paradise. And as Paradise rebuilds, it should serve as a model and learning opportunity for others on successful disaster recovery and what steps can be taken now to create more resilient towns of the future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FOOTNOTES -

Rural Studio and the Architecture of Decency, Dean and Hursley, Introduction (1-13)

Chapter 1: Introduction - Introduction: McDonald, L. H. (2000). This Paradise we call home. Paradise, CA: Gold Nugget Museum. - California, S. O. (n.d.). California Statewide Fire Map. Retrieved from http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=2277 - http://www.ontheridge.com/paradise.html - http://www.usacitiesonline.com/cacountyparadise.htm#history - https://www.townofparadise.com/index.php/visitors/about-paradise Chapter 2: Community Overview History - http://www.ontheridge.com/paradise.html - http://www.usacitiesonline.com/cacountyparadise.htm#history - https://www.townofparadise.com/index.php/visitors/about-paradise Culture and Community Assets - https://www.paradiseprpd.com/index.html - https://www.townofparadise.com/index.php/9-uncategorised/93-gold-nugget-days - http://www.paradisechamber.com/johnny-appleseed-days - http://www.seecalifornia.com/festivals/paradise-johnny-appleseed-days.html - http://chocolatefest.us/ Economics - U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics *NB: Census data is tagged to residential address, not a work address; some residents may live in Paradise and work elsewhere - “Paradise, CA.” Data USA, 2019, datausa.io/profile/geo/paradise-ca/. Prior and Anticipatory Demographics - “Paradise, CA.” Data USA, 2019, datausa.io/profile/geo/paradise-ca/. - UDA. “Paradise, California.” Paradise, California, 2019, makeitparadise.org/. - U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics *NB: Census data is tagged to residential address, not a work address; some residents may live in Paradise and work elsewhere

Ecosystem Understanding - Climate Consultant - “Paradiso Series.” USDA, October 2006. Web. 16 May 2019. https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/P/PARADISO. html. - “About Paradise.” Town Of Paradise. Web. 16 May 2019. https://www.townofparadise.com/index.php/visitors/about-paradise. - “Climate Paradise - California.” U.S. Climate Data. Web. 16 May 2019. https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/paradise/california/ united-states/usca0836 - “Butte Valley Wildlife Area.” California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 31 October 2018. Web. May 16. 2019. https://www.wildlife. ca.gov/Lands/Places-to-Visit/Butte-Valley-WA. - California Native Plant Society. Web. 16 May 2019. loc-39.7596,-121.6219(Paradise, California). - “Mountainside Settlements.” Architecture 2030 Palette. Web. 17 May 2019. http://2030palette.org/mountainside-settlements/ - “Choosing the Right Plants for Northern Nevada’s High Fire Hazard Areas.” Living With Fire. Web. 17 May 2019. https://www.unce. unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2017/sp1701.pdf - “Building.” Architecture 2030 Palette. Web. 17 May 2019. http://2030palette.org/building/ Chapter 3: Resiliency and Disaster Recovery Defining and Implementing Recovery 1. Becker, Christine. “Disaster Recovery: A Local Government Responsibility.” ICMA, ICMA, Mar. 2009, icma.org/sites/default/ files/4718_.pdf. 2. “Community Recovery Plan.” Make It Paradise, UDA, 18 Apr. 2019, issuu.com/makeitparadise/docs/2350pres190418_final_rev_. https://calfire-forestry.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=5306cc8cf38c4252830a38d467d33728&extent=-13547 810.5486%2C4824920.1673%2C-13518764.4778%2C4841526.1117%2C102100 3. “Long-Term Community Recovery Planning Process: A Self Help Guide.” Fema.gov, FEMA, Dec. 2005, www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1538-20490-8825/selfhelp.pdf. 4. Vujanovic, Anka A, and Matthew W Gallagher. “Psychological Impact of Natural Disasters in Adults.” Psychological Impact of Natural Disasters in Adults - University of Houston, University of Houston College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, 12 Sept. 2017, www. uh.edu/class/news/archive/2017/august-september/natural-disasters-impact-adults/. Wildland Urban Interface - http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland_codes - https://makeitparadise.org/brochure - Fire, Defensible Space, and You: https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/pds/fire_resistant.html - Designing Your Home to Survive Wildfires: http://www.energy-design-tools.aud.ucla.edu/FIRES.html Chapter 4: Vision and Goals - Designers—Think Big!: https://www.ted.com/talks/tim_brown_urges_designers_to_think_big?language=en Chapter 5: Paradise (re) Imagined - Happy City, Montgomery, The Mayor and the City as Happiness Project (1-43) - Retrofitting Suburbia, Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs, Dunham-Jones, Williamson, Chapter 4 (59-94) - Suburban Remix, Creating the Next Generation of Urban Places, Beske and Dixon, Chapter 2 (33-81) - The Image of the City, Lynch, Chapter 4 (91-117) - The Rise of the Creative Class, Florida, (280-303) - The Walkable City, Speck, The Ten Steps of Walkability (65-72)

Chapter 7: The Future - California Recycle and Underutilized Sites (CALReUSE) Program: https://www.treasurer.ca.gov/cpcfa/calreuse.as - California Wildfires Statewide Recovery Recourses: http://wildfirerecovery.org/ - California Action Plan for Disaster Recovery: http://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/disaster-recovery-programs/cdbg-dr/docs/HCD-CDBG-DR-AP-01Nov18-Full-English.pdf - Paradise Recovery Plan: https://makeitparadise.org/ - Town of Paradise, Butte County Recovers: http://wildfirerecovery.org/

APPENDIX I LAB 2 - ROOF TO FOUNDATION SECTION ARCH 342 | SPRING 2019| NICOLE LO PARADISE FOOD HABITAT PROJECT PARTNER: EVA TAUPIER

A 2 A109

ALUMINUM ROOF PANEL

RIGID INSULATION PLYWOOD SHEATHING

18 X10 3/4" BEAM

OPERABLE WINDOW

FIRE STOPPER

2 A109 7" CLT FLOORING RADIANT FLOORING

CONCRETE SLAB FOR DUCTS AND PIPES

B FIBER CEMENT PANELS

LEVEL 3 ZOOMED IN RESIDENTIAL 1/8" = 1'-0"

1/2" RIGID INSULATION

TIMBER CEILING

2 A109 GLULAM COLUMN

B 2

RESIDENTIAL WALL SECTION 1/2" = 1'-0"

LEVEL 2 ZOOMED IN RESIDENTIAL LOBBY 1/8" = 1'-0"

SUN ANGLE WAS NOT SHOWN IN THE SECTION AS THE FACADE FACES NORTH.

RESIDENTIAL ELEVATION 1/2" = 1'-0"

WALL SECTION + ELEVATION + AXON 2 A109

SUMMER SOLSTICE

WINTER SOLSTICE A A

LEVEL 3 ZOOMED IN RESIDENTIAL 1/2" = 1'-0"

2 A109

ALUMINUM ROOF

RIGID INSULATION PLYWOOD SHEATHING

18 X10 3/4" BEAM

OPERABLE WINDOW

FIRE STOPPER

7" CLT FLOORING RADIANT FLOORING

CONCRETE SLAB FOR DUCTS AND PIPES

OPERABLE WINDOW

FIBER CEMENT PANELS

1/2" RIGID INSULATION

TIMBER CEILING

GLULAM COLUMN

RESIDENTIAL WALL SECTION 1/2" = 1'-0"

RESIDENTIAL ELEVATION 1/2" = 1'-0"

NICOLE LO| ARCH 342| LAB3 STUDIO WHITE| SPRING 2019

APPENDIX II A

LEVEL 3 ZOOMED IN RESIDENTIAL 1/2" = 1'-0"

2 A109 SUMMER SUN 75

ALUMINUM ROOF TYP ALUMINUM ROOFING WITH WHITE COATING TYP ALUMINUM ROOFING WITH WHITE COATING

RIGID INSULATION PLYWOOD SHEATHING

3’-8”

18 X10 3/4" BEAM

18 X10 3/4" CLT BEAM

SUMMER SUN 25

9’-0”

OPERABLE WINDOW

OPERABLE WINDOW SMOOTH FIBER CEMENT PANELS

FIRE STOPPER

OPERABLE WINDOW

7" CLT FLOORING

1" CLT FLOORING

RADIANT FLOORING

3’-6” CONCRETE SLAB

CONCRETE SLAB

FOR DUCTS AND PIPES

8’-6” OPERABLE WINDOW

OPERABLE WINDOW

SOLID WOOD FLOORING 3/4 IN PLYWOOD 3/4 IN PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR FIBER CEMENT PANELS

1/2" RIGID INSULATION

FIBER CEMENT PANELS

4’-0”

1/2" RIGID INSULATION WOOD TEXTURE FIBER CEMENT PANELS

TIMBER CEILING SUSPENDED CEILING

GLULAM COLUMN

11’-0”

CERAMICS TILE RADIANT TUBING POLYETHYLENE VAPOR BARRIER 2

FOUNDATION SLAB

A109

RE F.

RESIDENTIAL WALL AXON

RESIDENTIAL WALL SECTION 1/2" = 1'-0"

LEVEL 3 ZOOMED IN RESIDENTIAL 1/2" = 1'-0"

RESIDENTIAL ELEVATION 1/2" = 1'-0"

NICOLE STUDIO

NICOLE LO ARCH 342 | STUDIO WHITE | SPRING 2019 PROJECT 2