Various Aurthors, Kyaesin Myaryae Mikhin by Myanmar Books

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(1915 -1 2008)

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2008 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbm 29

rmwdum ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay pmwnf;tzGJ@. trSmpm tcef ; (1) tar vl x k a ':trm. ajym=um;csuf E S i f h a&;om;csuf r sm; tar vlxak ':trm. pum; tEkynmpmtkyaf wGudk bm&nf&, G cf suef @J a&;ovJ æ æ vlxak ':trm aps; (c&D;oGm; aqmif;yg;) æ æ vlxak ':trm 91 ESpjf ynfph um; æ æ (rk;d rcu vlxak ':trmtm; ar;jref;csu)f tcef; (2) tar vlxk a':trm uG,fvGefjcif;twGuf ay;ykd@=uonfh o0%f v$ m rsm; ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt D wGi;f &Sd acwf+ydKifvyk af zmfuidk zf ufrsm;rSu, G v f eG f ol vlxk a':trmtwGuf xkwjf yefa=unmcsuf æ æ ‘vlxrk cd if’psmyeyGu J dk &nfp;l I ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S rsKd ;qufopf &J abmfrsm;.xkwjf yefa=unmcsuf æ æ vlabmifopf 'Dru dk &pfwpfygwD (XmecsKyf) . tar vlxak ':trm uG,f vGejf cif; twGuf 0rf;enf;o0%fvm$ æ æ tar vlxak ':trm uG,v f eG t f edpaP &mufjcif;twGuf jrefrmEkid if v H ;kH qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm; 'Dru dk &ufwpfwyfO;D (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf) . 0rf;enf; a=umif; o0%fvm$ æ æ vlxck spo f nfh owif;pmq&m pma&;q&mr}uD; vlxak ':trm uG,v f eG f oGm;onft h wGuAf rmEkid if v H ;kH qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzG@J csKyfEidk if jH cm; a&;&maumfrwDrS ay;yk@d onfh 0rf;enf;jcif;o0%fvm$ æ æ jrefrmh*% k x f ;l aqmif pma&;q&m owif;pmq&mr}uD; tar vlxak ':t rm (1915 Ek0d ifbm 29 - 2008 {+yD 7) uG,v f eG jf cif;twGuf jrefrmo wif; or*~. txl;0rf;enf;o0%fvm$ æ æ

‘ik&ifjyif’&Jabmfrsm;. tar vlxak ':trm (1915 - 2008) ok@d æ æ 0rf;enf;jcif; o0%fvm$ æ æ ‘tm[m&pmapmif’0kid ;f awmfom;rsm;. 0rf;enf;jcif;o0%fvm$ æ æ ‘vrif;w&m pmayqufqaH &;’ESihf ‘rm,mpmayr*~Zif;’rS ay;yk@d aom 0rf; enf;o0%fvm$ æ æ ‘opPmawmfveS af &;tiftm;pk’rS ay;yk@d aom 0rf;enf;o0%fvm$ æ æ *syefEidk if aH &muf pmaytiftm;pkrsm;jzpfwhJ ‘tm[m&pmapmif’ ‘opPmpm aytiftm;pk’‘tvif;tdrrf *~Zif;’tzG@J om;rsm;u *syefEidk if aH &muf jrefrm Ekid if o H m; nDtpfudk armifErS rsm;ok@d vlxak ':trmtwGuf 0rf;enf;jcif; txdr;f trSwf tcrf;tem; zdwpf m æ z'kd ref;+idr;f &J@ 0rf;enf;o0%fvm$ æ æ &Jabmfarmif0À&J@ 0rf;enf;o0%fvm$ æ æ tcef ; (3) tar vl xk a':trmtwG uf *k%fj yKa&;zG J@=uaom uAsmrsm; tarhb0 aiGvrif; æ æ Aef;armfnKd EG@J jrifjh rwfwu hJ avmif æ æ wifr;dk jrwfrcd if. jrwfaomvrf; æ æ wifr;dk tarhr;D wkid f r+idr;f Ekid f æ æ wifr;dk tarhuefawmhyef; æ æ wifr;dk tarharwWm urBmtqH;k æ æ armifaygupf nf (ref;wuUov dk )f vlxk a':trm arG;ae@ trSww f &uAsm r[mav;csKd ;}uD; æ æ armifprG ;f &nf vlxrk cd if ææ armifprG ;f &nf [dopPH æ æ armifprG ;f &nf cGyaf 'gi;f rdcif tarrmok@d æ æ armifprG ;f &nf tarrm uG,v f eG cf sed f æ æ armifprG ;f &nf uk, d &hf ifxu J ææ rmrmat; 88 ESpaf jrmuf *g&0 æ æ ta0;a&mufwynfo h m;ajr;rsm; ae@wae@&@J ed'ge;f æ æ aqGEidk f (e,fomvef) 91 jynfh tarok@d æ æ zk;d oH (vlx)k vlxt k ar oufawmf&n S fææ vlxo k m;cspf

'efu@dk toJ omwJn h ææ ZGerf id_ ;f igw@dk acwf&@J =u,fwm&m vlxak ':trm æ æ xGe;f jrifah tmif tma0%du*k%&f iS f tar æ æ atmif[ed ;f (rH&k mG ) or*~tarok@d uefawmhyef; æ æ cGeq f idk ;f tJ'gtar vlxak ':trmaygh æ æ armifp;dk csed f tarrm b,fawmhrS rao æ æ ZifZif tarrm xm0&raoyg æ æ &J&ifo h ufZJG em;pGix hf m;&wJh toH&iS f æ æ &Jabmfp;dk cspf oHr%dvyd jf ym yef;vdyjf ym æ æ +idr;f csr;f ol tareJ@ww l t hJ ar ok@d r[kwf æ æ zk;d eD vGr;f xku d v f @dk reS ;f æ æ &efEidk x f eG ;f (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr uk&d ;D ,m;) taræ ok@d æ æ atmif+idr;f +idro f ufwrdepf æ æ pk;d jrifjh rwf tarrmok@d *g&0jyKjcif; æ æ ausmaf qG tarac:oHrsm; æ æ &Jabmfausmaf v; ,Ofaus;r_ppfrsuEf mS .rdcif æ æ cspaf tmif jynfo@l rcd if æ æ &JabmfatmifEidk Of ;D jrwfrcd if æ æ &JabmfaiG (r=unfav;) om;trdcsi;f ay;pmwapmif æ æ zk;d oH (vlx)k 92 ESpjf ynfh arG;rdcifo@dk ay;pmwapmif æ æ zkd;oH(vlxk) vlx*k sme,fEiS hf vlxak ':trm æ æ ZifZif tarhvrG ;f csi;f æ æ &J&ifo h ufZJG rEWvmajru vlxt k ar æ æ &J+idr;f qD æ rvl;wJh ayzl;v$m æ æ cifarmifviG f (jynf) {&m0wD&@J orD;aumif; 'k@d acwf&@J rdcif æ æ armifv0S if; (jrif;+cH) tcef ; (4) tarvl x k a ':trmtwG u f *k % f j yKa&;zG J @ =uaom aqmif ; yg;rsm; tbk;d tbGm;awG r&Sad wmhwhJ wkid ;f jynf æ æ OD;acgi;f um;r!¸wf æ æ jrrOPL±kyyf v kH m$ æ æ

pmay armif&pf vlxak rmif0 '*kew f m&m

vlxak ':trm&J@ tHrh cef;avmufwhJ pGr;f aqmifcsurf sm; æ æ rm;om;atmhzf bm;rm; æ æ vlx&k @J a':trm vlxak ':trm æ æ wk@d rmS tar&Sad o;w,f æ æ vlxak ':trm (ok@d r[kw)f &mpkEpS . f pmayrD;±SL;wefaqmif æ æ at;&dyo f m,m æ æ vlxak w;oH/ oHr%dcw H yfEiS hf ref;awmif&yd if dk æ æ *k%ef @J j'yfuu dk n f w D hJ r[mjrpfEpS pf if;wk@d &@J aygi;f pnf;jcif;oauFw æ æ vlxt k wGuf vlxb k ufu vlxak ':trm æ æ a':a':&J@ v_y&f mS ;aeaom TurBmeJ@ usr æ æ a=uuGzJ , G yhf &kH yd rf sm; æ æ tarwk@d 'kw, d urBmppftwGi;f ppfajy;=uwke;f u æ æ tarwap>ra=umufb;l æ æ

vif;,keaf rmifarmif vlxpk ed 0f if; armifomEk;d armifprG ;f &nf csr;f +idr;f a'guw f mjrrOPL armifvrG ;f %D bkw d ;l 0if;wifx h eG ;f vSausmaf Zm a'guw f mjrrOPL zd;k oH (vlx)k zk;d oH (vlx)k

tcef; (5) tar vlxka':trm uG,fvGefjcif;twGuf ay;ykd@=uaomt*F vd y f bmom a&;om;csuf r sm;ES i f h *k % f j yKpmuAsmrsm; (ENGLISH SECTION)) The Sails Are Up Again! æ æ Ode to Ludu Daw Ahmar æ æ Dear PTJ æ æ Ludu Daw Amar (As a leading dissident writer she fought for democracy in Burma) æ æ My Mum æ æ

Prince Taw Phaya Galae Dr. Maung Maung Nyo KKChaw

The Guardian (Saturday April 12 , 2008) Po Than Joung

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(1) tarrm 90 ausmfoufwrf;rkd@ orkdif;a=umif;&Snfygonf? ukdvdkeDacwfu pcJhwJh acwfqkd;acwfusyftrsdK;rsdK; jzwfoef;cJh&ol æ yGJ=unfholtjzpf ai;armaewmr[kwf/ pOfqufrjywf jynfolbufrSm &yf+yD; a&S@wef;u wkdufyGJ0ifvmol æ 'ga=umifhvnf; txktaxmif; ±kdufcsufjyif;jyif;awG vSdrfhcH&onf? (2) uk d , f w k d i f u pma&;q&m owif ; pmq&mjzpf v k d @ w&m;uk d z uf u avmifukdif+yD; rw&m;wmawGukd xkd;ESufcJhonf? trsdK;om;tarGukd qufcHxdef;odrf;+yD; ukdvkdeDpepfukd ±_wfcs/ e,fcsJ@ukd &J & J q ef @ usif c J h o nf ? vGwfvyfa&; &+yD;acwfwGif u|efawmfwkd@ tarhukd 'Dvkd awG@=u&jyef onf ? jynfwGif;azmufjyefwJh tpkd;&tqufqufawG&J@ tvkdus ra&;/ jynf oltwGufom a&;cJh/ ajymcJhol æ ppftpkd;&awG vufxufrSm jynfolawG&J@ pm;0wfaea&;/ 'DDrkdua&pD a&;twG u f ae@pOf y l y ef aomuyG m ;aeol æ ppftm%m&Sif oufqkd;&SnfoGm;rSmukd cGifhrjyKEkdifol æ 'ga=umifh acwfqkd;pepfqkd;awGukd ajymif;vJypfzkd@ qufwkduf}udK;yrf; wkdufyGJqifaeol æ wzufrSm rsdK;cspfjynfcspfpdwf&SdolawGeJ@ vli,fausmif;om;awGukd vrf; a=umif ; rS e f w if a y;aeol æ ±kd;&m jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ tarGtESpfrsm;ukd xdef;odrf;umuG,f ay;ae ol æ tjzpf xif&Sm;pGm jyoGm;cJhygonf?

(3) wkdif;jynftwGuf vkdtyfaewmawGukd xwfpGrf;or# tar jznfhpGrf; ay;cJ h y g+yD ? bufaygif;pHk wm0efauscJholtar æ 'Dtar&J@ 93 ESpfajrmuf arG;ae@rSm tarhaus;Zl;awGukd atmufarh owd & jcif ; tm;jzif h Tpmpk u k d ES i f ; qD v G i f j yif u *k % f , l p G m xk w f a 0jzef @ csd vk d u f y gonf ? Tpmtkyf xkwfEkdifa&;twGuf ESif;qDvGifjyifu qufoG,fEkdifor# aom pma&;q&m}uD ; rsm;/ pmay0goem&S i f r sm;/ pmaya&;zG J @ ae=uol r sm; xH pmrl a wmif ; ygonf ? jyef@usJaeonfh pmrlrsm;ukd pkpnf;=uygonf? pkpnf;&or#xJu a&G; Ekwfaygif;csKyfum oufqkdif&m pmrl&Sifrsm;xH cGifhjyKcsuf awmif;cHcJhonf? vufvSrf;rrDolawGeJ@ qufoG,fvkd@ rjzpfEkdifolawG&J@ pmrlawG t wGufawmh cGifhv$wfay;=uyg&ef ESif;qDvGifjyifu tEl;tnGwf awmif;yef ygonf ? pmwnf ; tzG J @ ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay

tar vlxka':trm. ajym=um;csufESifh a&;om;csufrsm;

“taruawmh ausmif;om;vnf; EkdifiHa&;vkyfoifhw,fvkd hjrif wmyJ? bmjzpfvkd hwkef;qkdawmh ausmif;om;vnf; wkdif;oljynfom; wa,mufyJ r [kwfvm;? olwae hvl}uD;jzpfvmOD;rSmyJ? tJ'Dawmh EkdifiHa&;rvkyf&if‘t’ w,f ? jynf o l v l x k e J h t wl a&m_yD ; awmh wuf º uG & rS m yJ / Ek d ; -um;&rS m yJ / v+yf&Sm;&rSmyJvkd h jrifwmyJuGJ h? ausmif;om;awGukd tukefvkH; [kda±$ h'Da±$ h/ wcgwnf ; z±k d z &J j zpf a tmif tpG r f ; uk e f ol w k d h b uf u vk y f a wmh w myJ ? ausmif;om;ukd olwkd hu odyfa-umufaewm? tJ'gyJ tarjrifwm” vl x k a ':trm(1915-2008)

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vlxak ':trm rEWav;0dZ…m/ody`HwuUokdvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif; 1969 - 70

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101

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102

taræa& om;wkd@ac:oH=um;vm; om;wk@d atmfoH =um;vm; tarht&dyrf mS om;wkd@ckdem; om;wk@d wm0efrausc=hJ uykrH sm; cGiv hf w $ yf g tar? taræa& touf uk;d q,fEh pS Ef pS q f w dk m Armjynf vl@oufwrf;rSm aoaysm+f yDv@dk qkEd idk af yr,fh jynfwiG ;f jzpf zufqpfvufatmufrmS taræaeraysmcf b hJ ;l qkw d m om;wk@d odygw,ftar? tckawmhæ tqkd;taumif;ukd tusK;d ta=umif;eJ@ &Si;f jyay;r,fo h l oGeo f ifq;Hk r ay;r,fo h l tar r&Sad wmhb;l ? tarhukd,fpm; tarxm;oGm;wJh pmay tarGtESpaf wGe@J Armjynfwacwfopfatmif om;wk@d }uKd;pm;azmfaqmifomG ;ygrh ,f tar? tarrm aumif;&m ok*wd vm;ygap? ? &J&ifhoufZGJ {+yD 7/ 2008

103

““em;pGix hf m;&wJt h oH&iS ” f &Jabmfp;dk cspf (1) • rrSew f &hJ yfwnfcsuf ol@woufrmS wpufrrS &Sd (2) •

acwfwikd ;f acwfwikd ;f rSm rjrifomwJah umif;r_ r=um;Edik w f t hJ oHr[kwf (3)

•

jynfot l aygi;f axmifaomif;ru aoa=u=uwJh umvrsKd ;rSm ‘eD;±d;k ’ toGif tm%m&Siu f · 0uFEW yGJ qif,ifEaJ$ omf ‘a':a':’ bmrsm; ajymrnfenf;? (10 - 5 - 2008)

· 0uFEWyGJ - qENcH,lyGJ

104

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105

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106

tareJ w h w l hJ tar okd rh [kwf — zkd;eD (1) tara& æ awmifx h m; awmifx h m;vd@k tm;jyKae=u&if;rSmyJ obm0w&m;u tarhukd ac:aqmifomG ;cJjh yD // usKH ;a&jyif abmifbifcwf a0'emurf;pyfukd wzsyzf syf &ku d yf w k =f uayg@ // ta&S@bufqDu &Sr;f &d;k r ysysrid_ ;f r_id ;f a0qdik ;f aewJjh rL ylyifaomu v_id ;f v#ºH uvd@k // ppfuikd ;f rif;0Hawmif&;kd “rd;k =udK;” a'goeJ@ypfowJh aEGacgiaf cgif rd;k &Gm tvGr;f awGyJ jzpfrmS yg //

107

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108

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109

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110

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111

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112

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113

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atmifjidr;f (23/ 4/ 2008)

114

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115

(2) 7- 4- 08 vlxkukd cspfwhJ vlxku cspfwhJ tarrm orkdif;wefzkd; xrf;&Gufykd;+yD; c&D;a0;wae&m xm0&cGJcGm a=uuGJ0rf;enf;pdwf tarhtwGuf av;euft"dÏmef +idrfoufwrdepf?

· q&mnDyak v; acgi;f pOfjzpfygw,f? pk ;d jrifjh rwf

116

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117

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118

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119

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120

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ausmf a qG (14 {+yD 200*)

121

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122

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123

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124

,Ofaus;rSpk pfrsuEf mS . rdcif cspfatmif

路 twdik ;f tqr&Sw d hJ }uD;rm;wJh vlxrk cd if a':trmqdw k m q&m}u;D rif;ok0%f ajymovdk trmonf taysmrh [kwf taysmo h nf trmr[kwcf yhJ g? 路 aeSmif;acwfval wG ordik ;f odatmif r鹿cif;rcsef oGeo f ifq;kH r rdciftrm&J@b0[m ordik ;f t&Sn}f u;D yg? 路 jrefrmtkypf ;dk ol opPmazmuf ,Ofaus;r_aysmufrmS udk pd;k &draf e&olyg?

125

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126

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127

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&J a bmf a tmif E k d i f O D ; 25-4-2008?

128

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(tarrm&J@ b0woufwmukd cHpm;zGJ@qkdygonf?) (1)

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129

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130

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131

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132

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133

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134

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135

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136

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137

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138

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139

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141

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142

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143

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144

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145

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146

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cif a rmif v G i f (jynf ) 15-4-2008

147

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148

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149

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169

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170

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173

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acgi;f wvm;ukd rxrf;yk;d Ekid af omfjim;/ trSew f &m;ukd usaemf ausmyk;d aecJw h m tar? tar em;vnfciG v hf w $ w f efaumif;&J@? “twdwq f w dk m &Sv d nf;&Sw d ,f? &Sw d ,fqw dk mvnf; *k%, f &l w,f? t wdwq f w dk hJ avS u m;xpf & S d v k d @ ypP K y` e f q d k w J h avS u m;xpf u k d wuf E k d i f w m jzpf y g w,f ? 'ga=umif h twdwfukdvnf; rsufuG,fjyKzdk@ r}udK;pm;apcsifbl;? rae@u&Sdvkd@ u|efrwdk@rSm uae@&Sd aewmyg? uae@&Sd aeEkdif=uwmyg?”(vlxktar/ jrefrmhr[m*Dw æ rS)

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&efuek u f q&mq&mrawGcsn;f zdwaf e=uawmh 'DEpS af wmh tvSnt hf ajymif; vnf; jzpf/ usaemfw@dk tifrwef av;pm;=unfnKd &wJh rEWav;u tarrmwk@d udk zdw&f atmifv@dk usaemf t}uHjyK=unfw h t hJ cg tm;vH;k u oabmwlvufc/H &ufowfrw S /f usaemfe@J pmay&JabmfwOD;/ rEWav;ukd tjrefcs/D tarrmwk@d e@J &if;ES;D u|r;f 0ifwhJ q &m}uD;OD;rif;EG,f (rif;EG,-f v,fuidk ;f ) qDu pm,l/ usi;f ya&;aumfrwDu zdwf pmawGxnfh/ tarrmwkd@ pDpOfay;EkdifwJh pma&;q&m uAsmq&mawG zdwfac:cJh ayawmh æ wJ?h OD;av;vS/ tarrm tygt0if q&mwifrkd;/ q&marmifpGrf;&nfwkd@u 1971-72 avmufwkef;u wacgufwusif; a&mufcJhzl;=uygw,f? tJ'Dumv awGwek ;f u e,frmS pmaya[majymyGaJ wG us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ rxGe;f um;ao;ygb;l ? usaemfw@dk txufwef;ausmif;u ausmif;tkyf q&m}uD;/ q&m}uD; OD;atmif^m%f (awmifwiG ;f ) u OD;aqmif+yD;/ ynma&;wuUov dk u f qif;vmwJh q&mOD;atmif 0if;wd@k / jrefrmpm q&mq&mrawGu pDpOfusi;f yay;wJh ausmif;a[majymyGrJ sKd ;yg? ausmif;rSm a[mvkd@jyKvkd@+yD;rS +rdK@ay:u pmay0goem&SifawGtwGuf vSoD&D ±kyf&Sif±Hk}uD;rSm quf+yD; a[m=uajym=u/ pmayaqG;aEG;yGaJ wG vkyf=uw,f/ &Guf =urf;a&csKd pmaya[majymyG?J 'ge@J yJ rEWvmukd tjrefEiS /f rEWav;vlxw k u dk af &muf/ tarhudk uefawmh/ vm&if;udpaP jymjy/ taryJ tpp pDpOfay;ygayg@? taru +yHK;+yHK;&$i&f i$ f em;axmif+yD; “bkdndK æ om;yJ armifukdav;wkd@ armif=unfatmifwkd@eJ@ pDpOfay;yguG,f/ t arvnf; rif;bl;ra&mufwm =umayg@? ukrd if;EG,u f vnf; wul;wuukd zdw&f mS w,f/ a&$pufawmfbk&m;vnf; zl;&if;aygh”vkd@ ukdndK@ukd rSmajymav;ajymw,f? usaemfw@dk uawmh tqifajyavawmh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om? ukn d Kd (nDyak v;) u “q&marmifvGrf;%Dwdk@ 'DnaeyJ jyefr,fqkdawmh a[majymr,fh &ufukdvnf; od&+yDav/ usaemfw@dk um;awGe@J yJ vmcJrh ,f/ wjcm;vkid ;f um;awG bmawGvnf; rpDpOfygeJ@/ udpPtm;vHk; usaemfwdk@yJ pDpOf+yD;vmcJh=uygr,f? vmcgeD; q&m}uD; OD;rif;EG,t f rd u f kd zke;f quf vku d yf g@r,f? tJwckawmh &Sw d ,f/ rauG;urf;uaeawmh vm}udKay;ayg@aemf?”“pdwfcsyg ukdndK&,f?” rEWav;awmifukd ajy;/ usHK;ukdywf/ r[mrke&d iS af wmfjrwfudk uokwu f &ufz;l / aps;csKd ukd wywfywf/ xk;d rke@f av;/ vrke@f av;0,f/ naeapmif;awmh rauG;um;eJ@ jyefvmcJ=h u? a=omf æ jzKwfcsn;f ref; awmif&dyfckd? a&mufvmr,fh reufyidk ;f rSmyJ usaemfw@dk rauG;bufurf; ul;+yD; rauG;u pmay &JabmfawGe@J apmif}h uKd ae=uw,f? {&m0wDjrpf}u;D ukd jzwfu;l zd@k Zufv@dk ac:wJh

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um; wifu;l wJh a&,mOf}uD;&J@wm0ef&o dS al wGuv dk nf; }udKwif+yD; pm&if;ay;/ arwWm &yfc/H wm0ef&o dS al wGuvnf; usaemfw@dk +rKd @u a&a=umif;0dZm… }u;D awGqadk wmh tqif ajyw,fv@dk yJ ajym&r,f? rGe;f vGJ 12 em&D0ef;usiaf vmufrmS rauG;urf;ezl;ukd tarrmwk@d a&muf vmygw,f? E_wq f uf=u/ rdwq f uf=uayg?h “'g armifuadk v; (uAsmq&m}u;D ukad v; - tif;0*k%&f nf)/ armif=unfatmif (uAsmq&m}uD; =unfatmif)/ a[m'gu wuUov dk f armifapmvGi/f [kb d ufu EkE&k nf (tif;0)/ 'Dbufu ESpaf ,mufu tarhom; bkn d Kd (nDyak v;) eJ@ rdwv DÎ maumvdyu f pm=unfw h u dk rf LS ; uk0d if;wif”h tarrmwkd@ukd vl&Sif;+idrfqdwfwJh xrif;qkdifav;wckrSm ae&mcsxm;/ um;awGZufay:wifz@kd pDpOf / rif;bl;urf;bufudk a&muf&adS =umif; zke;f quf/ ygvm olawG pm&if;yk@d ? rif;bl;urf;bufrmS vnf; vnf;yif;w&Sn&f n S ef @J apmifah eolawG u oufjyif;wcscs? pdr;f vh=J unfjymaewJh {&m0wD&@J a&pD;oHawGudk em;axmif&if; taemuf±;dk rbufqD ai;&DaewJh tarhrsuEf mS rSm vGr;f &dyw f csKd @u xif[yf arsmvGihf aeav&J@? (3) “vl vlqkdwm bmvkyfcsifvkyfcsif raocifyJ vkyfEkdifwm? aow,fqkdwm tm;vHk; tm;vH k ; bmrqd k tqH k ; ur` w f ed * H k ; owf w myJ ? tJ ' D a wmh vk y f c sif w m&S d & if rao cif v k y f x m; qk d w muk d yk d y k d + yD ; oabmayguf a ew,f ? ” (vl x k t ar/ pma&;jzpf wJhta=umif;&if; æ rS)

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219

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220

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263

udyk @kd wm? tvkyo f rm;av;a,muf t&if oGm;ESi&fh wm? um;vrf;xGi&f / awm vrf;}uD;/ usLyif}uD;awG&iS ;f zd@k yif;,uaeoGm;&wJah wmvrf; ajy;zd@k 0,fxm;wm? wu,fu rE aW v;+rKd@A;kH }uJawmh/ tazwd@k uajy;awmh ajcusiaf jy;&wm? um;r±Sd bl;? (wck±w dS ,f? ajcusiq f akd yr,fh vl}uD;ydik ;f avmufuom +rKd@xrJ mS ? uav; wcsKd @u awma&mufae+y/D 1941, Christmas) · rif;omrSwrf w d m/ igrrSwrf b d ;l ? ajcusiaf jy;&wm? um;udzk u G v f u kd &f wm? zGuo f mzGu&f wm/ zGuw f myJ tzwfwif w,f? aemufq;kH usawmh *syefut kd yfvu kd &f wm? um;taumif;pm;? (aAmufaqm- arm&pf 22/ atmfpwif 8 vd[ k mrsKd ;ayg/h twG}J uD;? qvGe;f }u;D ? tJ'w D ek ;f u olu0ef}u;D jyKwfp? Aarmf bOD;wd@k u±_yo f aemfqw kd hJ bOD;/ ynma&; 0ef}uD;/ jyKwf+yD;av;-ig;vaeawmh ppfjzpfwm? jyKwfwmr=umao;bl;? tJ'aD wmh oluum;aumif;}uD;pD;wm) · uydik u f t kd wlajy;=uwm? uydik q f v kd @kd +rKd@xrJ mS r[kwb f ;l ? awmifi}l uD;qdw k hJ awmifipl rk mS ? bke;f }u;D ausmif;}u;D t}u;D }u;D ±Sw d ,f? tJ'aD usmif;0dik ;f }u;D tus,}f u;D u vlr±Sb d ;l ? bke;f }uD; r±Sb d ;l ? ypfxm;wm? tJ'gukd wd@k bek ;f }uD;OD;auo&u 'g}uD; udk&Sif;/ wynhfom;ajr;awGudkvm=u-vm=uqdk+yD;ac:/ ab;uausmif;uav;rSm tukev f ;kH 0ifaewm? tkypf v k [ kd mrsKd ;? oH;k tkypf ?k a':pktkyfpk/ a±$csnfxdk;utkyfpk/ a±$ref;wifarmiftkyfpk? a±$ref;wifarmif uvnf; aqGrsKd ;om;csi;f awGtm;vH;k / Zmwf}uD; wckv;kH zsuv f m+yD;ae=uwm? !Ge@f 0if;eJ@ armifp;kd 0if;eJ@ v}uD;vi,f? jzwfar;- OD;av;udv k mzrf;wmeJ@ywfouf+yD; bmta=umif;jyvJ? bmrSrodb;l ? wd;k wd;k ajym+yD;awmh ac:oGm;wmyJ? tJ'aD wmh igu bmvd@k zrf;xmrSe;f awmif rodb;l / jzpf&yHu k ? ac:oGm;awmh igw@kd =um;ae&wmu ausmuf qnfudkodrf;awmhr,fqdkawmh ppfwyfu OD;vlaz0if;udkpum;jyeftjzpfeJ@ac: oGm;owJ?h udv k u S v kd nf; 'Dvpkd um;jyefvyk zf @kd ac:w,fv@kd xifwm? zrf;rSe;f rodb;l ? aemuf+yD;usawmhrS t=um}uD;/ t=um}uD;aeawmh zrf;wmwJh? aemufawmf awmf=umrS rE aW v;ol&, d udo k ef;armif/ q&m}uD;&mZwf/ OD;rlw@kd bmwd@k / trsm; }uD;tzrf;cH&wm? igb h ma=umihzf rf;w,f/ igb h ,fvEkd ydS pf ufw,fqw kd m rajymbl;? ig b,fvdkcHpm;&w,fvJrajymbl;? awmfawmf=umw,fuG? oHk;av;vavmuf xifw,f/ rrSwrf b d ;l ? uydik u f t kd &ifu ra&mufz;l bl;? a0;w,fu?G aemufraS &mufwm? igrw S f

264

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tar wap> ra=umufb;l zkd;oH (vlxk)

rE aW v;om;wa,muftaeeJ@ jyefpOf;pm;vdu k &f if usaemfawmh Owko;kH vDxrJ mS aEGe@J aqmif;udk trSwrf q d ;kH yJ? txl;ojzifah EG? bma=umihrf rS [kwb f ;l ? ylwm}uD; udyk J rSwrf ad ewmyg? ylywJq h &kd if ae@vnf 2em&De@J 3em&Dt=um;[m tylq;kH / tqd;k qH;k ? vrf;ay:rSmuwW&mawGu t&nfaysmv f @kd / taiG@awGvnf; waxmif;axmif;eJ@? avrd k @ wd k u f y wJ h q d k & if v nf ; avyl } uD ; ? 'D x J r S m zk e f a wG u ygvmao;w,f ? rwwfomwJ@ tajctaer[kw&f if b,forl v S rf;ay:rxGuyf gb;l ? 'Dvt kd csed rf mS wcgwav vrf;ay:uae qD;,do k nfv[ kd mu c|cJ |jJ ypfjypfe@J “qD;,d-k - - - ”vd k @ rsm;atmf v d k u f & if / trav;- rE W a v;&J @ aEG y ef ; csD u m;[m jynfph o kH mG ;+yDv@kd qEkd ikd w f ,f? usaemf wuUov kd u f ausmif;xkwcf &H awmh toufu 18ESp-f 19ESp?f tar u usaemhu f kd tm;aewm/ bmrSvyk pf &m r&Sb d J vwfvsm;-vwfvsm;vkyaf evdrhf r,fq+kd yD; owif;pmvkyif ef;xJ 0ifcikd ;f ygw,f? ynmoif oabmayg?h e,fowif;eJ@ a=u;eef;owif; bmomjyefwmawG vky&f ygw,f? e,fowif;rSmawmh usaemhq f &m awGu OD;&Jvif;eJ@ ewfarmuf udx k eG ;f &Sed w f @kd ayg?h bmomjyef vkyif ef;rSmawmh taru yJ uef@uv l ufvn S hf oifay;wmyg? tJ'u D mvawGtwGi;f rSm ckeuajymwJh aEG&ufrsKd ;a&muf&if tarhtvkyf pm;yGrJ mS xdik +f yD; tarajymwmawG em;axmif&wm r*Fvmwyg;ygy?J taru trsm; tm;jzifah wmh usaemfrrDvu kd w f hJ aqGawGrsKd ;awGta=umif;/ rE aW v;òr@d }u;D ta=umif; awG ajymjywwfygw,f? tarhrmS arG;csi;f 12a,mufawmif±w dS m/ 'DtxJu 6 a,mufyJ vlvm;ajrmufcJh+yD; usaemfwdk@rDcJhygw,f? usefwmawGudk "mwfyHkav; awmif usaemfw@kd rjrifz;l ygb;l ? tJ'v D o kd al jymjywmawGxu J usaemf&h @J pdwx f rJ mS pGJvrf;aewJh usaemfhrjrifvdkuf&wJh ta':ESpfa,mufta=umif;udk jyefajymjycsif ygw,f? 266

tar[m ol@pm;yG&J @J nmbufab;u jywif;ayguaf v;udjk zwf+yD; tjyif udk =unh&f if; “tarwd@k i,fi,fu 'Dvakd EGq&kd if a&m*guyfawG a=umufp&maumif; vdu k w f m/ ESppf Ofvv kd u kd swwfw,f? txl;ojzifah wmh ausmufe@J yvdyyf ?J wcgwcg 0rf;a&m*gus&ifvJ ygoGm;olawGenf;wmr[kwfbl;/ tJ'Dvdkuyf}uD;awG wcg/ wcgjzpf+yDq&kd if rE aW v;rSmvlawG axmife@J csD aowm” qd+k yD;pajymygw,f? “tJ'w D ek ;f u vl}uD;awGajymwmuawmh 'k@d qrD mS t&ifu 'Dvakd &m*gawG/ uyfawGr&Sb d ;l / t*Fvyd af wGvmrS ay: vmwm/ 'Duv kd ekd o D rm;awGu ArmawG +rKd@ awGjyawGrSm pnfpnfum;um;/ pkpk±Hk;±Hk;r&Sdapcsifwm&,f/ olwdk@udkwGef;vSefvdk pdwaf wG ray:ayguaf pzd@k &,fw@kd twGuf wrif a&m*gy;kd awG,v l m+yD; jzef@=uwmwJ?h [kwrf [kwaf wmh twnfðy&cufom;? 'gayrJh udv k ekd t D *Fvyd q f w kd muvnf; 'grsKd ; rvkyb f ;l vd@k b,forl S tmr rcHEikd b f ;l av? 'Dvakd &m*grsm;jzpfywJq h &kd if td;k ypf tdryf pf awmrSmoGm;ae=u&wm? +rKd@awGuajcmufuyfomG ;wm? aemuf+yD; a&m*gjzpfwhJ tdrf awGa±S@rmS vnf; 'Dtrd rf mS ausmufa&m*gjzpfaew,f/ ykvyd af &m*gjzpfaew,fqw kd mrsKd ; qdik ;f bkw}f uD;awGqx JG m;wm? vlawGuvnf; nus&if rD;yHak wGz@JG / oHy;kH awGw;D +yD; o&Jr&Jajcmuf=u/ vSe@f =ueJ@ayg?h xdwv f ef@p&mtajctae}uD;ayg?h ” “vlawGrmS vnf; use;f rma&;/ oef@&iS ;f a&;todawGu enf;yg;ao;w,f av? t&yfxu J kd ausmufx;kd q&m vmw,fq&kd if tdrw f cH g;ydw+f yD; wdr;f =u/ a&Smif =uwm? tarwd@k taz/ rif;tbk;d wd@k usawmh ausmufx;kd q&mudk rke@f z;kd yJz;kd ay;+yD; jyefvw $ v f u kd w f m? vlawG&@J todxrJ mS u tJ'u D muG,af q;awGx;kd &if zsm;w,f/ emw,fq+kd yD; aq;udt k ,Ht k =unf r±S=d ubl;av? ausmufx;kd q&mqdw k muvnf; vcrsm;rsm;&wJv h rl sKd ;rS r[kww f m? rke@f z;kd ajcmufr;l wyJ&&if auseyf+y;D jyefomG ; wmyJ? olw@kd om wdwu d susvyk &f if aq;xd;k rcHou l kd Oya't&udk ta&;,lEikd w f ,f? 'gayrJh 'grsKd ;avmufe@J vnf; Armcsi;f tcsi;f ryGm;csib f ;l qdw k hJ pdwrf sKd ;vnf; vlawG&@J pw d f xJrmS &So d eJ@ wlyg&@J ?” ausmufa&m*gqdkwm aEGrSjzpfwwfwmyg? usaemfwdk@armifESrxJrSmudkyJ tpfreJ@ErS [m ausmufaygucf yhJ gao;w,f? 'Dae&mrSm ausmufqw kd m ausmuf}uD; vdk@ajym=uwJh[mudk ajymwmyg? usaemfuawmh ausmufuav; (ausmufjzL) ayguw f m ausmuf}uD;enf;enf;ygv@kd whJ rsuEf mS rSm tcGuu f av;/ wck&adS eygw,f? wESprf mS awmh usaemht f ar&J@ nDrESpaf ,muf ausmufayguyf gava&mwJ?h tar@atmufu quf&ufESpfa,mufqdk xifyg&J@? usaemfenf;enf;arhoGm;+yD? rdef;uav;ESpfa,muf? wa,mufu&D&DwJh? aemufwa,mufu =unf=unfwJh? tarh pum;eJ@ajym&&if “t}u;D uav;&D&u D enf;enf;ndKw,f/ ausmufaygucf sed rf mS

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ig;ESpaf vmuf±+dS yD? ti,fav; =unf=unfuawmh tom;vnf;odyjf zLw,f/ pum; vnf;odyw f wfw,f/ oH;k ESpaf vmuf±+dS yD”ayg?h “olw@kd av;ESpaf ,mufu w+yKdief ufwnf;jzpf=uwmqdak wmh tm;vH;k yJjym oGm;wmayg?h Armaq;q&myif/h Armuk- uk=uwmayg?h bm&rSmvJ? tJ'aD cwfu ArmjynfrmS &Sad ewJh aq;twwfynmeJ@ 'Dvu kd yfa&m*grsKd ;udk ukv@kd aysmufw,f qdw k m w&mrSmrS&v dS S wa,muf/ ESpaf ,mufayg?h 'ge@J t}uD;rav; &D&u D awmh pjzpfuwnf;u pum;udk rajymEdik af wmhb;l / rsu&f nfjynf@aewJh rsuv f ;kH uav; uv,fuv,fe@J om tay:udpk u kd =f unhaf eawmhwmyJ? oH;k -av;&uf? cufwmu =unf =unf? olu ol@tpfravmufrqd;k bl;? pum;ajymEdik af o;w,f? 'Dawmhou l ‘taza&/ ylvdkufwm/ usrudk a&wdkufygOD;// ac|;okwfay;ygOD;’pojzifh wwGwf wGwfajymaewm? =um;&ufp&mr&Sdbl;? ol@wudk,fvHk;rSmvnf; ausmufzkawGeJ@/ rsufESmay:rSma&maygh? oluac: -ac:aeawmh ol@tem;udkoGm;=u&/ =unhf=u&/ awG@&/ =um;&jyefawmhvnf; pdwrf csr;f om/ olue*du k wnf;urS wtdrv f ;kH &J@ t onf;pGaJ v? tazqdw k m/ rif;vnf;odw,fr[kwv f m;? rif;wd@k tbd;k [m tifr wef pdwcf ikd w f m/ om;a&;orD;a&;avmufe@J enf;enf;rSpw d v f y_ &f mS ;wwfwhJ vlrsKd ; r[kwb f ;l ? tckawmh tazawmifrS =unf=unfav; toHurkd =um;&ufveG ;f vd@k uG,&f mrSm oGm;-oGm;rsu&f nfus&mS w,f?” olajymwJEh pS af ,muf[m usaemft h a': a':wifwife@J usaemfOh ;D av; OD; armifav;t=um;uv@kd usaemfrw S rf ad e ygw,f? “tJ'g &D&aD v;u t&ifq;kH &Smw,f? 'gayrJh tm;vH;k pdw&f o dS avmufridEk ikd =f u ao;bl;? aowGi;f E_wcf rf;rSm ar;wifaewJh aemuftrd o f m;wa,muf &Sad o;w,f r[kwv f m;? tJ'gav;udk 0dik ;f jyKpk=ujyefwmayg?h jyKpkw,fqw kd mvnf; bmrSx;l xl; jcm;jcm; r[kwyf gb;l / a&0wfav;eJ@yw G af y;/ ac|;okwaf y;wmavmufyg? wjcm;bmrS vkyEf ikd w f mr&Syd gb;l ? r=umygb;l ? aemuf ESp&f ufavmufaeawmh =unf=unfav; vnf; ol@tpfraemuf vdu k o f mG ;wmygy?J ” taru pum;pudjk zwf+y;D tjyifukd pdu k af i;aeygw,f? 'Dvakd EG&moD&@J vGecf hJ wJu h mvwcku ae@&ufrsm;udk jyefjrifa,mifaewmjzpfrmS yg? usaemfu bmrS rajym bJ tar bmqufajymrvJvdk@yJ apmihfem;axmifaerdygw,f? pum;jywfrcHcsif awmhygbl;? “tJ'v D kd olw@kd EpS af ,muf qH;k oGm;+y;D wJah emuf tar-rif;tbGm;-u ol@u av;awGukd nrSm awmufwrkd ,f&cdik ;f &if wd@k uwa,mufe@J wa,muf wHawmif csi;f wd@k +yD; eifomG ;/ igomG ;vky=f uwmayg?h ta=umif;u tdro f m;ESpaf ,mufawmif

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qufwu kd q f ;kH oGm;wmqdak wmh uav;yDyD wap>a=umuf=uwmud;k ? rif;wd@k tbGm;u ol@uav;awGukd cdik ;f wefwm&S&d if cdik ;f w,f/ rvkyw f wfb;l / roGm;&Jb;l qdw k mrsKd ;udk róudub f ;l ? touft±G,v f u kd v f @kd vky&f u J ikd &f /J vkyw f wfuikd w f wfrS }uKduw f ,f? ‘'DrmS yJjrpfawGjyKwx f m;w,f/ oGm;prf;[J/h rD;zdx k rJ mS qDe@J qm; oGm;,lacs?’ 'grrS [kwf vnf; ‘aemufaz;rSm axG;cHomG ;oGeaf cs’qdw k mrsKd ; t+rJcikd ;f wwfw,f? tarwd@k u cgwikd ;f awmh tJ'grsKd ;awGukd rqdik ;f rwGvyk yf gw,f/ 'gayrJh vlEpS af ,muf aoxm; awmh a=umufw,fv@kd jzpfae=uwmayg?h aemufawmh 'gukd rift h bGm;uodomG ;+yD; idw k ,f? ‘trav;/ igo h rD;av; ESpaf ,muf/ 'gavmufjzLpif=u,fwm/ b,fty,f/ b,fo&l b J 0rS ra&mufygb;l awmf? olw@kd ukd ewfaumif;ewfjrwfawGu ewfjynfu ae qD;awmif}uKd=urSmyg’ qd+k yD;yg;pyfu wwGww f w G af jym+yD;id&k mS w,f?” “tbGm; tJ'v D kd pdwx f cd u kd w f mawG@awmh tarwd@k uvnf; tbGm;udo k yd f oem;oGm;+yD; ud, k v f nf; 0rf;enf;vmw,f? 'daemufrmS tarwd@k rmS wap>a=umuf w,fqw kd m r&Sad wmhb;l ?”

zk;d oH (vlx)k

'Duv kd ekd o D rm;awGu ArmawG _rKhd awG_yawGrSm pnfpnfum;um; pkp&k ;kH &H;k r&Sad pcsiw f m&<f olwhu kd kd wGe;f vSev f kd pdwaf wG ray: ayguf apzdh&k <fwht kd wGuf wrif a&m8g ydk;awG<lvm_yD;_zefhjuwmwJh? [kwfr[kwfawmh twnf_yK &cufom;? 269

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tar vlxka':trm uG,fvGefjcif;twGuf ay;ykd@=uaom t*Fvdyfbmom a&;om;csufrsm;ESifh *k%fjyKpmuAsmrsm;

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80th birthday, 1995 The Sails Are Up Again! Prince Taw Phaya Galae 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

The scene - panorama of typical Burmese life We all enjoyed the long riverine ride From our boat in full sail Pagodas, monasteries and palaces having their tale. While the peasants and laborers toiled with sweat The fishermen with bare chest cast their net. The weather was sunny and fine The ripples sang with rhythm and rhyme; Ah! How wonderful to be free Feeling the gentle fresh cool breeze. Suddenly the white and blue sky Partly became red. Why? Oh! Why? A hurricane bashed the palace Like it was done by the imperialists. Our sails were almost ripped And our boat was slowly stripped . Behold! The rising sun There was joy and fun But soon it became raging hot Destroying our precious paddy plot by plot. Look! The sky is red, white and blue We thought was indeed a beautiful view Nay! The whole sky turned blood red What will our boat face ahead? Our great helmsman took hold of the wheel Poised to challenge the second stormy waves of the sea On came the ruthless wave Alas! Our great helmsman although brave Was washed overboard ; honored as our liberator Trying to steer our boat out of disaster. We on the boat began to utter Who should become the master While the boat was drifting Toward the west the wind was blowing Might is right then took place Rocking, drinking, gambling, and swashbuckling became their taste No one cared where our boat was being carried along There was a jolt; something was surely wrong Heck! Coco Island! This is not our destination Let’s get out! That was our determination. ‘ Thardu, thardu, thardu ’ said the elderly man

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42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

With rosary in a helping hand All the crew gave a deep sigh Thinking to be saved from all crime Praying and prayers everywhere Bells ringing and thardu in the air; Everything seems serene and peaceful Blessed be the elderly man for we were grateful Wait! Who are those grumbling? They are those who kept following But, but...they are at daggers drawn Split into three groups with nasty scorn. The storm had gathered again Our boat must not be set aflame We must move forward into the calm sea Where all our crew could rest without agony. The dark clouds grew more and more And the raving winds came blow after blow Torrents of rain filled our boat Many crew hanging on had to float The boat was surrounded by sharks Ready to attack us, surely dangerous We gritted our teeth determined to fend off all Remember!United we stand, divided we fall! Hey! There are ships sailing our way Flags flying. Black flags on display Two crossed bones and a bony head Pirates! White men! Don’t be afraid! We stood up to show our unity This is just their gun-boat activity In other words it’s a ‘Paper Tiger’ Remember what happened in China, Vietnam and Korea. With our united strength We can move the earth! Come rain or storm We must remain united and warm There’s a Burmese saying; Hlaing gyi hlay out1 Which is true without amy doubt, We must make it clear for reality Our real strength lies in our own country! DEAR RESPECTED SAYARMAGYI LUDU DAW AMAR On your 80th birthday, we wish you to hear Our slogan still remains THE SAILS ARE UP AGAIN!

Prince Taw Phaya Galae

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Ode to Ludu Daw Ahmar (On Her Passing away at 8 AM, 7.4.2008)

Dr Maung Maung Nyo Ludu Daw Ahmar is dead The news spread like wild fire I’m very sad to hear It’s a great nightmare. Daw Ahmar was “Our Mother” She has led Burma In journalism and literature By writing truths, tenets and tampers To let people adhere to Burmese culture Burmese are really grateful to her. She has been the editor of “Ludu” A progressive periodical of people From whose it took its name To represent the mass maimed It thus claimed fame and authority It led struggle for peace and democracy. I once went to see “Ahmay (Mother)” To get permission to use her essay On leprosy and public health ways In BMF* magazine of Mandalay She willingly helped, I must say It was in 1959 hey days. She wrote a book on Burmese art world Dancers, musicians, jokers and jugglers It won a national literary award thereafter It set a standard for late comers So were her translations of English literature “Trials in Burma”, “Sanda Marlar” etc. “I appreciate them”, Maurice Collis muttered. She also wrote on Burmese culture “Ahmay Shay Sagar”, “Mandalay Thu/Thars” She also featured in Burmese magazines People held them in high esteem

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She wins the admiration of the nation She was indeed the “Literary Queen”! If I have to draw her caricature It may thus appear “She was a university boycotter A avant-garde literary hawker A progressive journalist and author A dedicated wife and a devoted mother Grandma of Burmese literature She was the “Guardian of Burmese Culture”.

She died at 93 years of age At * A.M.on 7th April 2008 People gave her accolades She really had been great. It was Burma she dedicated It was patriotism she demonstrated It was Burma’s causes she never hesitated Let’s prostrate and contemplate Our love, sorrow and dedication To this “Great Lady of Our Nation” By wishing her a heartfelt valediction “ Farewell, Mother, Good Bye” in salutation. Note: BMF = Branch Medical Faculty, The Forerunner of Institute of Medicine Mandalay

Dr Maung Maung Nyo 11.04.2008

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Dear PTJ, I was just preparing to send you a message of sympathy and concern. You have been in my thoughts a lot since the sad news reached us of your mother’s death on April 7th.You knew this time would come, yet I am sure you didn’t want it to come. The reason that I have not written to you sooner is because I have been very busy writing and preparing an obituary for Daw Amar to be published in our leading leftwing newspaper, The Guardian. Today at last, it was finished and supplied with a good photograph to accompany the obituary. As soon as the news reached us, Vicky asked me if I would write an obituary, saying that she was too busy at the moment. What happened is interesting. I phoned the paper and said I wanted to write about this outstanding Burmese writer who had just died. The editor said ‘OK, send me something’. I wrote only a short account which I sent him, but I said that it really should be much longer and with more detail. His first reply was that the paper only had room for very short obituaries, but that he would edit my piece and see what I thought. To my surprise, he then sent me back a piece twice as long as my original, including many details of your mother’s life which I had not included. It seems that from knowing almost nothing about Burma, the editor had become so interested in Burma and the story of your Mum that he had gone onto the w.w.web and found lots more information about her, which he had written into my obituary. So the final version is only half mine, and half from somewhere else (perhaps from MinZin in ‘Irrawaddy’). But the beginning and end are from me, so it is a very personal piece. The editor also became curious to know more about me and how long I had known your family (from back in Jan. 1977) and many other questions. I actually heard the news first from Su Su Mar, who rang me early on theMonday morning. She was very sad. We talked for quite a long time and I tried to comfort her. She has given me an email address so that I can now try to write to you sister, Daw Than Yin Mar. She has been through a long, long period of anxiety

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and stress, nursing your mother both at home and in hospital. I hope the strain has not left her too exhausted. I know Su Su wishes that she could be at home to help her mother. I treasure the many books that I have as presents from your Mum, signed in her own hand. And many letters too written by her. Have you beenable to receive letters from her at all? Try not to be too sad. Your mother had a remarkable life and has left amost valuable legacy to her fellow countrymen and women. khin-min-lyet KKChaw

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Obituary Ludu Daw Amar As a leading dissident writer she fought for democracy in Burma

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Article history

In recent years, in the days leading up to November 29, writers, journalists, and artists from all over Burma have gone to Mandalay, the country’s cultural heartland, for a gathering in a monastery compound. There they celebrated the birthday of a writer, publisher, and activist, Ludu Daw Amar, who has died aged 92. Since those days in the mid-1930s when she joined a student strike at Rangoon University, opposing British colonial rule, Daw Amar never ceased to write, or to fight. For many, attendance in the compound was a way of demonstrating opposition to Burma’s military regime. Unhappily, it also provided an opportunity for military intelligence to note dissident names and faces. From 1962, when General Ne Win led the coup that has subjected Burma to almost half a century of military dictatorship, Daw Amar provided opposition. She and her family paid a heavy price. Daw Amar was the fourth among 12 siblings of an upper-class family whose fortune was made in the tobacco trade. Educated at Mandalay’s American baptist school and the national high school she read science at Mandalay Intermediate College and Rangoon University. There, in 1936, came her role in the student strike. She also began to get published. In 1938 she translated the British civil servant Maurice Collis’s critical assessment, Trials in Burma. In 1939 she married the journalist U Hla, who in 1933 had established the leftist Ludu Kyi-bwa-yay (Progress) magazine in Rangoon. Together they set up the Kyi-bwa-yay press in Mandalay. In 1942 British rule collapsed, Burma fell to the Japanese and the couple moved north of Mandalay while continuing publication of Ludu Kyi-bwa-yay. She translated Hino Ashihei’s bellicose Japanese bestseller Wheat and Soldiers, but also became involved in the resistance movement. By the spring of 1945 the Japanese were being driven from Burma, and that summer U Hla launched the Ludu (People) Journal with Daw Amar as assistant editor; a daily, Ludu Thadin-sa, followed in 1946. “Ludu” was incorporated in the couple’s names as the country moved towards independence from Britain in 1948.

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But soon after independence, the army, hostile to the couple’s radicalism, reduced their press to rubble. Their family narrowly escaped with their lives. In 1953, Daw Amar attended a Soviet-backed peace congress in Copenhagen and a youth conference in Romania. Meanwhile her husband, convicted of involvement in student protests inspired by the Communist party of Burma (CPB), was sentenced to three years for sedition. Daw Amar, with five young children to raise, continued to publish Ludu Thadin-sa until U Hla’s release in 1957, but two years later the government shut the paper down for 14 months. In 1967, five years after the coup, the regime closed Ludu Thadin-sa. Daw Amar switched from writing about politics to culture and history, focusing on prewar Burmese singers and actors. With military rule, many students, including her two eldest sons, had become student activists. The eldest, Soe Win, headed for the mountain jungle. There, in 1968, he was murdered in a CPB internal purge as the party was hit by the backwash from China’s cultural revolution. Her second son, Than Joung, was also a student activist who was detained from 1966 to 1972, and on the point of being rearrested in 1978, fled to join the CPB and later went into exile in Yunnan - a leading CPB member, he would never see his mother again. In the wake of that escape, military intelligence detained U Hla, Daw Amar and their youngest son for 13 months. They were released in 1979. The publishing house subsisted on jobbing printing, while Daw Amar wrote for Burma’s privately owned monthlies, while refusing to write for state publications. An astute businesswoman, she published her many articles in book form. In 1982, U Hla died. Daw Amar continued to run the publishing house, but in 1984, during the dry season, fire consumed central Mandalay, destroying the printing equipment, the book production department and paper store of the Kyi-bwa-yay press. Happily, her home, private library and newspaper archive survived. Five years later her 38-year-old youngest son was sentenced to 10 years. He was imprisoned in Thayet, a two-day journey for Daw Amar, his wife and their three children. Meanwhile, as part of its drive to “beautify” towns for tourists, in the 1990s the regime began relocating cemeteries far outside Mandalay. So in 1998 Daw Amar set up Byamazo lu-hmuyay Athin, a mutual aid association to help those who, amid the collapsing Burmese economy, were too poor to bury their dead. Now the charity often covers hospital medical costs, provides minibuses and carries out free funerals. Initially Mandalay’s military boss resented and hindered its operations. Later came tolerance the operation clearly fulfilled a desperate need - and other towns copied the scheme. In 2003 Daw Amar had a small building erected just behind the Kyi-bwa-yay press. Her lifetime’s book collection was put there; this is to be the first public library open for all to use in Mandalay in the last half century. Into her 90s Daw Amar contributed monthly articles to journals and magazines and published at least one small book annually.

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It was in the mid-1970s that I first met Daw Amar. My first impression became a lasting one: intelligent, thoughtful, kind she went on to become both the voice of traditional Burma, calling for adherence to Buddhist values, and a symbol of opposition to the regime, leading the struggle for a more democratic, more humane society and for the possibility to write freely and truthfully. We met in the 1980s and 90s, and our last encounter was in January 2005. It is a source of profound regret that I was prevented by the Burmese authorities from attending her 90th birthday. But I remember her last words to me three years ago, “We simply wish,” she said, “to be treated like human beings.” She is survived by two sons, two daughters and six grandchildren. ·Ludu Daw Amar, writer and activist, born November 29 1915; died April 7 2008

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The Guardian,

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Saturday April 12 2008

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Article history

There are some mistakes in the above short biography . However , with all our due respect , we didn’t make any correction.

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My Mum Dear Ko Min Zin, Here are the answers to your questions. If there is anything you would like to know more or make clear, please don’t hesitate. To tell you the truth, I am not very much at ease to praise my own mother. There’s a Burmese proverb that my mother often quotes: “ The neighbourhood will acknowledge if your daughter is really beautiful.” So, I don’t think that it is the task of the children to write about their parents. Anyway, here they are. 1. How would you describe your mother as a mother not as a journalist or social critic? She’s a good mother just like any other typical Burmese, Buddhist mothers. She loves Burmese food and can make good dishes. She loves planting flowers and likes to visit markets, especially those in the countryside. She enjoys seeing Disney cartoons, comedies, as well as Hollywood films that my uncle (her younger brother) recommended. Once she went to see the horror film “Dracula” on my (elder) brother’s insistence and admitted that she was very frightened when she came back. I mean to say that she’s just a human being. As my parents were always occupied with their editorial work and social welfare works, they had very little time to spend with their children or attend to their daily life and needs. We were left in the hands of an aunt, a distance relative of my mom. She always emphasised cherishing the traditional values of our nation and moral integrity when she educated us. Knowing that we were starting to get involved in politics, she once told me, “No matter what, as a student, one should try to excel in study also. Just look at Ko Aung San and Ko Ba Hein. They are known not only for their political merits, they are known for their performance in their studies also. “This is the way she used to tell us. She rarely said “must” or mustn’t.” Rather, she pointed out exemplary figures. There are three brothers in our family and no one of us drink or smoke. This is not because they told us not to do, but rather because through their own deeds they made us realise that these things are not good. She rarely beat us too. As far as I can remember, she once beat us when my elder brother, my elder sister and I went for begging during one Dazaungdaing Thieves’ Festival. I think I was about ten at the time. My brother went with his friends and my sister and I went with the children from our neighbourhood. As we were young, we couldn’t go very far, we only went to some of our relatives and neighbours. Evidently, the news reached her ears immediately and she beat us when we arrived home.

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She never told her children to read Marxist books (nor oppose doing). Instead, she recommended us to read various kinds of books that she thought worth reading. Edger Snow’s books, Autobiography of Charlie Chaplin, The Silent Spring (an early book about environment question) and Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire were some among them. As for the Burmese books, there were too many to mention. The list includes classical literature, Thakin Kodawhmaing’s works and Khitsan Literature. She also mentioned books like Thakhin Ba Hein’s “The Capitalist World” and Tin Moe’s “The Lantern” as very good and we should read. 2. Would you recall the most unforgettable moment you spending with your Mom? It’s difficult to say at this age, because (I think) I have become less and less sentimental or emotional, than when I was young. However, I should say, listening to what she told us about our forefathers or their old days was the most enjoyable and unforgettable moments. That kind of moment was not very common. As I have said above, my parents were always busy. I think I had more chances than other children at that time, because when I was sacked from the Mandalay University for taking part in student activities, my parents arranged me some deskwork among the newspaper staff and during the hot Mandalay afternoons, when she had time, she used to recall these and told me. I must also say that I neither regretted nor blame my parents for spending less time with us. On the contrary, I believe that, even when I was young, I know they were working for the good of others and their devoted working style became my model, as I grow old. 3. Nearly all of her siblings have been involved in Burmese politics as committed dissidents/revolutionaries. Have your parents (particulary your Mom in this context) had any disapproval against your involvement? How did they express their worry for you siblings since you all have paid a lot for what you believe? Have you ever heard any complaint from your Mom regarding to your elder brother’s (U Soe Win’s) death? My parents never say ‘no’ to what we do with our beliefs. They only told us to be careful when they learned something about the government agents’ knowledge or plans. They never said that you should believe in communism, rather, they sometimes told us how the leaders of the communist party and other patriotic personages at the time had made enormous contributions and sacrifices for the nation. Incidentally, as my father was arrested again and again by the government and the publication of our newspaper was disrupted often, seeds of hatred for the government took root in my mind since I was very young. My parents, both devoted Buddhists, never compelled me to be as devoted as they are. We were sent to Roman Catholic Schools, but my parents made us convinced that we should not become Christians, and they did, not by saying directly, but very tactfully. They have respect for our beliefs and our ability to decide for ourselves. It’s not their style to interfere in our political convictions. Perhaps this is because they think what are we doing is right. Of course, they instructed us about moral and manners when we were young. No doubt, they are very worried about us taking part in very dangerous and risky activities. But they rarely express these feelings on their face or in their words.

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I found their faces very calm and serene when the military intelligence came and arrest me on two occasions (I managed to escape at the second time) and they made me brave and less worried during the consequent events. Once, when I went to play football at Myaung, a town fifty miles southwest of Mandalay on the Irrawaddy River, we came back very late. Perhaps it was one o’ clock after midnight. When the car carrying stopped in front of my home, I found both of them standing in front of our house, worried! They had rosary beads in their hands. When I got home after release from gaol, they told me the following episode: just about a month before my release. U Ne Win, who was on summer vacation in Maymyo, asked my parents to see him. He told them, “ As a father myself, I can understand your feelings about your son in prison. But they told me he was very stubborn also. Nevertheless, please go and see Brig, Gen Tin Oo (The M.I.S. chief) in Rangoon and he will arrange for his release.” Thus, I was released from the Insein Gaol. My mother added, “We often met with people like U Ne Win and other leaders of the government. However, we never uttered a word asking them to release you. Of course, we want you to come out as soon as possible but we know we shouldn’t do that at the expense of your dignity.”That made me very proud of them. As for my brother’s case, both of them said nothing to me. Once, after my release from gaol, I got a letter from a CPB leader for my mom. In that letter he explained the case of my brother and apologised to my parents. I handed it to my mom and saw tears falling from her eyes after reading it. She said, “I and your father had never said anything between us about this matter. We just pretended not to have heard anything.” After that I didn’t try to talk about that matter till now. 4. Recently, we have heard that Sayamagyi was sick and hospitalized? Since you haven’t seen your Mom for a long time, how such news worry you? Certainly, I’m very worried, worried than anything. My inability to be present at the bedside of my dad when he was about to leave this world has been haunting me all along. One of my greatest wishes as an ordinary man is to have a chance to pay respects (kadaw) to my dad’s tomb. 5. Daw Ahmar has been highly respected by Burmese people. Many people even compare her with Thakin Kodaw Hmaing. Even though she is getting old, she still write prolifically with well-intention (cetana). How would you see your Mom not as your mother but as a woman from the angle of your social value and political belief. I’m not interested in comparing her with Thakhin Kodaw Hmaing. To me it’s just a kind of storm in a teacup that would lead nowhere. My Mom always express her deep respect for Sayagyi Thakhin Kodaw Hmaing for many merits and I’m sure she won’t like comparing her to the person she respects so much. She never attack or react against anyone for personal grudges. Both my parents tried to be balanced when they judge other people. My mother has very remarkable courage that she inherited from her mother. She never sulks, grumbles or murmurs when she has to encounter all kinds of difficulties and threats. She used to express dislike for traitors and cowards. Her, as well as her husband’s, attitude towards young people is made up not only of cetena, but also of recognition of their capability and potential. They used to be very humble when talking with young people. Even with me, they never treated me

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patronizingly. For instance, when she was writing her prize-winning book about famous people from music and drama circles, “ Artists who are Loved by Masses”, she ask me one day, “ My son, I know nothing about music and to handle a character like Myoma Nyein is simply beyond my capacity. Can you tell me some facts that may throw light upon the talents of this genius?” In fact, though I was about eighteen at the time, I was also a philistine in this field. She often said, “ My son, I am not good at choosing names for books. Would you mind choosing one for me?” The titles of some of her books were chosen by me. She believes in the might of our people. She believes in their future and that one should work one for, and if needed, make sacrifices for this cause. She has reached this height because she has been standing firm with the people of our nation through thick and thin. She never bargains her principles for anything.

Po Than Joung

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