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pDpOforl sm; rd;k rc / vrif;w&m

xkwaf 0ol uAsmq&m OD;wifr;kd rdom;pk

0dik ;f 0ef;uln=D uolrsm;

4244 Baldwin Park Blvd

Burma Today, Burma IT (BIT)Team.

Baldwin Park, CA 91706, USA. e-mail : contact@utinmoe.com

rlyikd f uAsmq&m OD;wifr;kd rdom;pk yHEk ydS f Morris Publishing 3212 East Highway 30 P.O. Box 2110 Kearney, NE 68847 800-650-7888

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

wifr;kd (1933-2007) trnf&if; OD;b*srf;?

1933 Ed0k ifbm 19 &ufaeŒwGif jrif;jcHc±dik f awmifomòrdŒe,f uefjrJaus;&GmY tb OD;btd/k trd a':pHx,fwdkŒu zGm;jrifonf?

Z*srf; wdkif;&if;jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;/ rEœav; ausmif;wdkufq&mawmf OD;tmp& ausmif;/ yckuLU OD;cifarmif}u;D usL&Siaf usmif;wdŒk wGif wufa&muf ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D q,fwef; pmar;yGu J kd 1957 ckEpS w f iG f yckuLU c±dik f a&póud tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS jrefrmpm*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifonf?

1957 wGif rEœav;wuUodkvfY pwif ynmoif=um;onf?

1950 oDwif;u|wt f xl;xkwf rEœav;òrŒd y[d&k pf nf owif;pmwGif ‘0gu|wo f bif’uAsmudk ‘uefjrJoufESif;’ uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;zGJŒI pmayavmuodkŒ pwifajccsonf?

1951 txufArmEkid if H pma&;q&mtoif;. ‘pmqdak wmf’ r*~Zif;wGif ‘uefjrJ eef;jrifEh , G ’f uavmiftrnfjzifh ‘v,fxJu aw;oHcsKd’ uAsmudk a&;pyfonf?

1955-58 ‘udk&if*srf;’/ ‘pef;a&mif’ uavmif trnfcGJrsm;jzifh a&;om;onf?

1958 azazmf0g&DrS pI ‘wifrdk;’ uavmiftrnfudk pwif oHk;pGJonf?

1958-59 rEœav;wuUodkvf uavmif&Siftoif; 'kwd, OuUÏ/ 1960 wGif OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G o f nf?

1959 azazmf0g&DvwGif rEœav;wuUodkvf uavmif&Siftoif; pmpOf pmtkyftrSwf 1 tjzpf ‘zefr;D tdr’f uAsmpmtkyx f w k af 0+yD; xdpk mtkyjf zifh 1959 ckEpS f pmayAdrmefqk &&So d nf?

1963-67 txufArmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif; tr_aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,lonf?

1965 rEœav;wuUov kd u f 0dZm… bGŒJ &&So d nf? zefr;D tdrf pmtkyw f u kd u f kd wnfaxmifonf?

1966-67 vlxkowif;pm uAsmu¾ t,f'Dwm tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf?

1967-87 wuUodkvf bmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmeY pmðyESifh vufaxmuf t,f'Dwm tjzpf tr_xrf;onf?

1967-84 tajccHynm oif±dk;!$ef;wrf;/ jrefrmpmoif±kd; tzGJ@0iftjzpf ausmif;oHk;jrefrm zwfpm pmtkyfrsm;twGuf pmrla&G;cs,fjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifonf? q&m a&;om;onfh ‘u uav;i,f csppf zG,’f ‘c ca&uH;k rav;ðy;H ’ tpcsD jrefrmoifyek ;f }u;D zwfpm/ ‘rr 00 xxu/ tu yxr/ uom uyg rr&m/ nn vomom/ ntcg igpm&/ rr 00 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

5

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm xxu’ ‘,kefuav;u em;&Gufaxmif ynm&Sda,mifa,mif/ a=umifuav;u vufonf; 0Suf acsmif;vdkuf&wJhºuGuf æ’ ponfh qdkvG,frSwfvG,faom uav;uAsmrsm;rSm vlodrsm; xif&Sm;onf?

1970 ‘xD;uav;eJ@reD’ uAsmpmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk &&Sdonf?

1988 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfyw kH iG f wufºuGpmG yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;+yD; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wwfodynm&Sifrsm;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifonf?

1991 ayzl;v$mr*~Zif; t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf wm0ef,lonf?

1991-95 ppftpdk;&. zrf;qD; axmifcsjcif;udk cH&onf? udk&if*srf;&JŒ yef;vufaqmif (1958)/ zefrD;tdrf (1959) pmayAdrmefqk&/ avSwpif;ESifh oDcsif;onf (1963)/ tzdk;u0d uAsmrsm; (1964)/ tarhausmif; (1965)/ vlav;}uD;&if bmvkyfr,f (1966)/ yef;aps;cif; (1967)/ pdrf;vef;aom tdyfruf (1969)/ ydawmufrS o&zD (1969) trsK;d om;pmayqk&/ xD;uav;eJ@ reD (1970)/ qD;oD;onf rAsKid ;f (1972)/ ckepfpif=u,f (1972)/ ESi;f qDyiG ahf y: tdyaf ysmjf cif; (1973)/ ysK;d cif;aw;oH (1973)/ ylpD (1975)/ yk*aH usmif;u acgif;avmif;oH (1977)/ udk&if*srf;tprf;pm/ uav;uAsmyef;O,smOf (1977)/ uHhaumf&dyfrS tdyfrufrsm; (1997)/ uEœm&ESpfrsm; (1998) ponfh pmtkyfrsm; xGuf&Sdonf?

1999 wGif jynfyodk@ xGufcGmcJh+yD;aemuf Ak'<ESifhawG@qHkjcif;ESifh tjcm;uAsmrsm; (2000)/ cGyaf 'gi;f tvHac:&mod@k (2002)/ opf&u G af ºuaG v;ay:rSma&;wJh rSww f rf; (2004)/ uAsmaygi;f csKyf 1999 (2004)/ tnmvrf;u wrmwef; (2006) uAsmpmtkyrf sm; xkwaf 0cJ+h yD; uG,v f eG cf sed f txd uAsmrsm; yHkrSefa&;zGJ@onf?

1999-2007 jynfyodk@pa&muf&SdcsdefrSpI jynfy tajcpdkuf AGDtdkat/ bDbDpD (jrefrmykdif;)/ tm&ftufzf at/ 'DAGDbD/ rdk;rc/ acwfòydif/ {&m0wD tp&Sdonfh jrefrmtifwmeuf a&'D,dk pme,fZif;rsm;wGif pmyHkrSef a&;om;jcif;/ uAsm&Gwfjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifonf? xdkif;EdkifiH/ awmifudk&D;,m;/ *syefESifh tdENd,EdkifiH tajcpdkuf jrefrmpmaytiftm;pkrsm;/ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. pmaya&;&mudprP sm;wGif t=uH^m%fay;wdu k w f eG ;f ulnrD r_ sm; tpOfwpdu k f vkyaf qmifay;cJo h nf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk qefz&efppPuòkd rd@ tajcpdu k f ‘rd;k rc’ a&'D,Ekd iS hf rD'D,mwGif tr_aqmifvl}uD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf?

2002 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tajcpdkuf vl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=unfhr_tzGJ@ (Human Rights Watch) rS Hellman-Hammett Grants qkcsD;jr‡ifhjcif; cH&onf?

2004 atmufwdkbmwGif e,fomvefEdkifiHrS Prince Claus Awards pmayqk csD;jr‡ifhjcif; cH&onf?

2007 Zefe0g&D 22 &ufae@wGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,f avmhpftdef*svdpfòrd@ aetdrfteD; vufzuf&nfqdkifav;Y uG,fvGefonf? Ô 6

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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vlxk a':trm (Zefe0g&D 23/ 2007)

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

tmu&H ygu&HeJŒ AmvmeHawGeJŒ 0gpmurmqefqef òrdifawmv,frSm v+difabmv,faeol r[kwf?

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

ausmf0if; 23 &ufae@ tdyf&mux uGefysLwm pm;yJGxdkifvdkufawmh tD;ar;vf pmwdkufyHk;rSm q&m wifr;kd uG,v f eG af =umif; awG@vu kd &f w,f? usaemfah cgi;f xJ csucf si;f 0ifvmwmu q&mh&@J pum;? “cspfolwdk@ oufwrf;wdkvS.” aemuf udk,fh&yfudk,fh&Gm udk,fha&udk,fhajrudk oHa,mZOf }uD;olwpfa,muf tdraf wmif jyefra&mufEikd af wmhqw kd mudk odawmh usaemftawmf 0rf;enf; rdygw,f? uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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26

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27

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29

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

'g æ uAsmq&m? vlxk uAsm q&m? &ifxrJ mS u|efawmf usL;&ifv h u kd rf w d ,f? acgif;awG qwfceJarmh? yg;pyfawG yGi?hf xkid &f mu x-u? vlxk uAsmq&mqdw k m 'gyJjzpfw,f? acgif;awG qwfceJ armh? yg;pyfawG yGi?hf xkid &f m u x-u? av#mufae+yDu;kd ? q&mu acgif;wndwf ndwf/ tðyH;eJ@ jyefE_wfquf vd@k ? u|eaf wmfuawmh q&m i,fawG&J@óudqdkyHkudk tHhtm; oifh/ 0rf;om/ =unfEl; æ ? 'g æ uAsmq&m? vl x k uAsmq&m? &if x J r S m u|ef a wmf usL;&if h v d k u f r d w,f? acgif;awG qwfceJ armh? yg;pyfawG yGi?hf xkid &f m u x=u? vlxk uAsmq&m qdkwm 'gyJjzpfw,f? acgif; awG qwfceJ armh? yg;pyfawG yGifh? xkdif&m u x=u? q&mr}uD;awGe@J uAsm q&m}uD; wifrdk; a&S;a[mif; aES m if ; jzpf a jym+yD ; wJ h t cg/ vmwJhtwkdif; u|efawmfwdk@ jyef=uygw,f? 'DtcgrmS awmh q&mr}uD;u 'g uAsmq&m }uD ; wif r d k ; vd k @ ra=unm

awmhygb;l ? q&mi,fawGuvnf; wòydiw f nf; r&yf=uawmh bl;? 'gayr,fh olwdk@ &yfw,f? xdyfqHk;rSm&SdwJh q&mi,fu ol@a&S@ukd uAsmq&m}uD;jzwfwt hJ cg rwfwwf&yfvu dk w f ,f? ausmfoGm;+yD;awmh ol jyefxkdifw,f? olxkdifcsdefrSm oleJ@ uyfvsuf q&mi,fu rwfwwf&yfae+yD? 'Dvedk @J uAsmq&m }uD;wifrdk; jzwfav#mufaewJhtcsdefawGrSm q&m/ q&mri,f awGu xvkduf xkdifvkdufeJ@ vd_if;vHk;}uD; wvHk;[m edrfhvdkuf jrifhvdkuf jzwfoGm;aeovdkygyJ? tJ'D rE aW v;wuUov kd x f u J v_id ;f vH;k }u;D [m jrefrmjynf tES@H ? a[m æ tck Ekid if w H umtES@H ? 'g vlxk uAsmjzpfw,f? acgif;awG qwfceJarmh? yg;pyfawG yGifh? xkdif&mu x=u? vd_if;vHk;}uD;awG vdrfhwuf? 'g vlxk uAsmq&mjzpfw,f? b,fu q&m tm;awG&ovJ u|efawmf pOf;pm;=unhf w,f? uAsmq&m&J@ ESv;kH om;qdw k m wdraf wGe@J wlw,f? El;nHh w,f? jzLazG;w,f? vGifharsmw,f? aumif;uifrSmaew,f? tJ'D ESvHk;om;wdrfawGu vlawG&J@pdwful;eJ@ tZÆwWudk E_d;qG/ Ek;d xapw,f? 'gayr,fh wdraf wGu wcke@J wck wlwm r[kwb f ;l ? wcsK@d u wpfp æ æ ESppf / wcsK@d u wpfqyk f æ æ ESpq f yk /f wcsK@d u

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

37

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm wpftkyf ESpftkyf/ wcsKd@u jzLwvSnfh/ ndK wvSn?hf tJovkd trsKd;rsKd;&Sd=uwJh wdrfawG=um; rSm q&mh&J@ESvHk;om;uawmh wdrfwdkuf}uD; jzpfw,f? trsKd;om;&eH@eJ@ vGifharsmaew,f/ rdcif&@J Ev S ;kH om;vdk El;nhw H ,f? uav;&J@tðyH; vdk jzLpifw,f? aumif;uifrSm zefrD;tdrf wvHk;eJ@ vrif;ukd *Dwqufuyfw,f? aumif;uifrSmaewJhtcg avmuukd tyl'%fu vGwfatmif/ tJ'D ESvHk;om;wdrf wkduf}uD;u jynfoludk umuG,fay;w,f? tarSmifcsO;f vmwJt h cg/ jynfot l ay: tvif; udk zGiafh y;w,f? cyfrqdw+f idro f ufaewJt h cg/ xpfcsKef;ac:oH qihw f ,f? vlom;eJ@avmuudk apmfum;vm=uwJhtcg/ tJ'Dwdrfwkduf}uD;u rkew f ikd ;f jzpfomG ;wwfw,f?

rsuf&nfawG jzpfoGm;jyefw,f? jrefrm uAsmq&m}uD; wifr;kd uG,v f eG f oG m ;cJ h y gw,f ? ±k y f u rB m ±k y f a vmurS m obm0"rReJ@ avsmfnDpGm ol@oufwrf;u tuef@towf &SdcJh&w,f? 'gayr,fh jrefrm jynfoal wG&@J pdwu f rBm/ pdwaf vmurSmawmh uAsmq&m}uD; wifr;kd &J@ oufwrf;u tuef@ towfrJh/ tE Wdr jzpfw,f? ±kyfurBm/ ±kyf avmurSm uAsmq&mudk a0'ema&m*gu ±kwjf cnf; wku d cf u kd o f wfypfEidk w f ,f? 'gayr,fh jrefrmjynfoal wG&@J ESv;kH om;urBm/ ESv;kH om; avmurSmawmh trSefw&m;/ w&m;r#wr_/ vGwfvyfcGifh/ +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ arwWmw&m;udk b,f r d p > m rS owf v d k @ r&ovd k y J / uAsm q&m}uD; wifrdk;u &SifoefaeqJjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh æ æ

'gwifrubl;? tJ'D wdrfwdkuf}uD;u rdk; tjzpfvnf; ajrudk qif;wwfayao;&J@? zdEydS &f ufpufra_ wG =urf;&rf;vmwJt h cg/ tJ'D rkd;u a'gorsuf&nfjzpfw,f? ajrywf=um;tuf/ acgifcsuf &ufquf vmwJhtcg/ tJ'D rdk;u yifysKd&GufEkopfap w,f? qmavmif r G w f o d y f r _ e J @ uav;awG ikdnnf;aewJhtcg tJ'Drkd;u um&ef ykvJykwD; aphawG oDw,f? pmoifausmif;awGrSm jrefrmausmif; om;awG &Sio f efaewJt h cg/ tJ'D rk;d u 0rf;om 38

uAsmq&m wifrdk; ruG,fvGefao;bl;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; ruG,fvGefao;bl;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; ruG,fvGefao;bl;? ÔÔÔÔ

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

eef;!GefŒaqG

rSwfrdao;w,f q&m*srf;&,f æ pmayvkyfom;acwf/ a[majymyGJawG acwfpm;aewJt h csed u f ayg?h ESpu f akd wmh rrSwf rdbl;/ [efZm;u armif&GufOD; zdwfwJhyGJav? q&meef;/ q&m*srf;/ q&mpGrf;/ udkaersKd;/ cspfOD;ndKeJ@ rif;om; udkjrwfav;/ ajcmuf a,mufqHk=uwJhyGJrSm u|efawmfu touf t}uD ; qH k ; qd k a wmh acgif ; aqmif a e&mu xm;=uw,f? u|efawmfuvnf; cifAsm;wdk@ pdwf&Sd vuf&Sdajym=uyg/ u|efawmf aemufqHk;rS tcsdef=unfh+yD; wdkwdkajymr,fvdk@ uwday; xm;w,f? udkaersKd;u acwfay:0wˆKrsm; ta=umif;/ q&mpGrf;u pmay tawG;tac: ESihf a0zefa&;/ q&m*sr;f u acwfprf;uAsmay: vmyHk/ cspfOD;ndKu vuFm'Dycspfol/ udkjrwf av;u uAsmESifh *Dwta=umif;/ aemufqHk; rSm u|eaf wmfu a&$wu kd pf ;kd OD;wd;k &J@ oZifyef; zGJŒ &uefudk &Gwfjy+yD; ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f? [ef Z m;/ ompnf r S m a[m+yD ; awmh aemufae@reufrSm anmif&rf;rif;om;}uD;&J@ uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

anmif&rf;òrd@ txu rSm eHeufydkif; a[m=u w,f? yGJ+yD;awmh eHeufpmau|;w,f/ &Sm;&Sm; yg;yg; csKd;a=umf/ pmuav;a=umfeJ@ [if;rsKd;pHk ygw,f? u|efawmfuawmh acgif;wHk;ajymif ajymifeJ@ csKd;uav;awG/ pmuav;awGudk =unf h + yD ; oem;aew,f / rpm;&uf b l ; ? [if;csKed @J [if;&Guaf =umfuav;avmufyJ pm; w,f? q&mu odyftpm;enf;w,faemf vdk@ olwdk@uajym=uw,f? tcsdKyGJrSm oD;ar$; iSufaysmoD;}uD;awG ygvmjyefw,f? anmif&rf;rSwpfcg rD;&xm;vrf;u &Srf; jynfbufuckd w JG ufwhJ ‘vdi_ ;f wuf’ òrd@uav; udk quf=ujyefw,f? tJ'Da&mufawmh udk jrwfav;u olw@kd rajymawmhb;l vd@k qdw k ,f? u|efawmfu udkjrwfav;&,f/ cifAsm;wdk@vdk Edik if aH usm&f yk &f iS rf if;om;wpfO;D udk y&dowfu awG@csif=urSaygh/ pifay:wufrsufESmjy+yD; jcm;em;csuf oDcsi;f av;wpfy'k af vmufawmh qdjk yvdu k yf g? olw@kd tm;vH;k +yD;rS cifAsm;ajymyg [k arwWm&yfcH&w,f? aevH;k }uD;u taemufbufo@kd edrq hf if; 39

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ae+yD/ udkjrwfav;u tmawG@oGm;+yD; ±kyf&Sifta=umif;/ *Dwta=umif; awGtm;&yg;& ajym aeonf? ‘yef;uav;vdkvSaewmyJ awGŒjrifcsifonf/ yef;uav;vdk n‡dK;rSmudkvnf; pdk;&drfygonf (rcifESif;qD)2 vSprf;yg yef;avmuf apmifh=unfhaernf/ aemifawmhomtvdkrus&if/ oifhb0twGufyJ awG;um idkrdrnf’ y&dowfawG +idraf e&mrS vufcyk o f aH wGay:vmonf? aumif;vdu k w f m udjk rwfav;&,f [k csD;usL;&onf? aevHk;eDeD/ naeapmif;awmh tarhausmif;udk oGm;&r,f? tcsdefav;&onfhtcdkuf olwdk@eJ@pyfwmudkajymrnfvdk@ pdwful;+yD; &wemyHkaejynfawmf tdraf &S@u uaemifrif;om;}u;D &J@om;awmf vif;yifrif;om;}u;D &J@ &Sr;f jynfbufu awmfveS af &; tiftm;pkta=umif; csKyfIajymcJyh gw,f? oDaygrif;udzk rf;oGm;ayr,fh t*Fvyd t f pd;k &[m &Sr;f jynfbufudk wufrvmEdkifatmif ewfxdyfawmif=um;vrf;u qD;qdk@xm;=uw,f? ar*sm[dkuf'gy&if[m tdENd,rS ppfom; 4000 ausmfudkiSm;+yD; awmifay:ypftajrmuf ±dkifz,faoewfawGeJ@ csDwufvm=uw,f? ewfxdyfawmif=um; qkwfvmcJh+yD; jrufcg;tif;/ a&jzL}uD;/ &GmiH/ aAm"dowfb&k m;rSm wdu k yf aJG wGjzpf=uw,f? aemufq;kH rSm vif;yifrif;om;}uD; eJ@ rd;k eJapmfbmG ;[m zsm;aewJt h wGuf +idr;f csr;f a&;udk vufcv H u kd &f w,f? vif;yifrif;pm;}uD;udk &efukefodk@ac:vm+yD; c%xm;um tdENd,jynf Am&yfylòrd@udk ydk@vdkufw,f? vif;yifrif;om;}uD;eJ@ a&eH@omcifcif}uD;wdk@rS xdyfwifr}uD;eJ@ xdyfwifrav;udk zGm;jrif w,f? xdyfwifrav;[m &efukefjrif;yGJrSm vufrSwfa&mif;wJh =opa=w;vs,m;vlrsKd; rpPwm ‘bmvmrD’eJ@ 1928 ck pufwifbmvrSm vufxyfw,f? 1930 ckESpfrSm &wemewfr,f udk zGm;w,f? tck u|eaf wmfajymcJw h m &wemyHak ejynfawmf}uD;uae+yD; &wemewfr,fa&mufvm+yD/ a&S@qufajym&if tE W&m,feJ@ruif; jzpfrSma=umifh 'Dae&mrSmyJ ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f? ae0ifòzd;zstcsdefa&mufae+yD? ausmif;q&mwpfa,mufu vmajymw,f? u|efawmfwdk@ awmwufwJhtcg a&mufwJhae&mawGudk q&mu odaew,faemf æ wJh? [kwfvm;/ ar*sm ua&mhpf0dwfa&;wJh vif;yifrif;om;}uD;&J@ awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk (Linbin Confederacy) pmtkyfudkzwf+yD; a&;wmygvdk@ ajzvdkuf&w,f? q&m udkb*srf; (uAsmq&m wifrdk;) aumif;&mok*wd odk@ a&muf&Sdygap? a&;abmf}uD; æ eef;!GefŒaqG 40

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

zd;k oH (vlx)k

udkb*srf;&J@ ‘zefrD;tdrf’ uAsmpmtkyf xGufawmh usaemf 8 wef; wufaewmyg? tJ'Dwkef;u usaemf[m 0wˆKeJ@ aqmif;yg; awmh zwf y g&J @ / 'gayr,f h uAsmqd k v d k @ ausmif;pmuvGJvdk@ rzwfzl;oavmufygyJ? q&mrif;ok0%f&J@ uAsm tenf;tyg;awmh zwf z l ; / usuf r S w f z l ; ygw,f ? 'gayr,f h armifacG;zdk@uAsmrsm;xJuom rsm;ygw,f?

'DvdkeJ@ udkb*srf;&J@ zefrD;tdrf xGufvmawmh usaemfwdk@tdrfxJrSm csD;usL;oHawG em;v#H atmif =um;vm&ygw,f? 'DtxJrmS usaemfh taru xdyfqHk;uyg ygw,f? b,ftyk'f uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

uav;ujzifh b,fvdk/ aumif;vGef;vdk@ æ aumif;vGef;vdk@eJ@? t,f'Dwmcef;rSmvnf; ajym=u/ xrif;pm;=u&mrSmvnf; ajym=u/ tJ't D xJu tyd'k af wG pma=umif;awG &Gwjf y =u/ udk;um;=ueJ@/ =um;&zefrsm;awmh c&pf ,mefomoemðyausmif;om; usaemfvnf; pdwf0ifpm;vmygw,f? 'geJ@ tarhudkuyf+yD; b,ftyk'zf wf&rvJv@kd ar;cJyh gw,f? 'Dawmh taru b,ftyk'fu b,fvdkaumif;wm qdk+yD; axmufjy/ &Sif;jy+yD; zwfjzpfatmif zwfz@kd wdu k w f eG ;f ygw,f? pmtkyx f u J olu, kd f wdik f tvGw&f aewmav;awGvnf; &Gwjf yyg 41

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm w,f? 'Dvekd @J usaemfw@kd armifErS awG/ t}uD;awG tm;vH;k zefr;D tdrpf mtkyu f kd tm;wufoa&m zwf=uygw,f? ol@&@J zefr;D tdru f Asmrsm; yxrt}udr±f u kd jf cif;[m ua&mif; 16 csK;d t&G,/f trsm;tac: 0wˆKqdu k af v;yg? tzH;k u tJ'aD cwf rE aW v;wuUov kd f eH&u H yfpmapmifawGe@J ESpv f nfr*~Zif; awGrmS tpGr;f jyaewJh a&$bu kd udpk ed af rmifjzpfygw,f? udpk ed af rmif[m ausmif;om;nD!w G af &; wyfOD;twGufvnf; ydkpwmawG/ yef;csDawG a&;ay;wwfygw,f? udkpdefarmifh vuf&mu yef;csD(OD;)atmifpdk;[efeJ@ tjzLa&mifaemufcHrSm teDa&mifeJ@ teufa&miftoHk;jyK+yD; qGJxm; wJh zefrD;tdrfav; zefvJhvJhudk qGJxm;wmjzpfygw,f? uAsmpmtkyftzHk; yDjyifvSygw,f? tJ'v D ekd @J usaemfb h 0rSm zefr;D tdraf v; xGe;f ndv ‡ u kd w f t hJ cgrmS usaemhaf cgi;f eJ@ ESv;kH om; xJrmS rñuHpzl; vif;xdeo f mG ;+yD; 'Dae@txdtvGw&f aewJh uAsmawGukd zwfr/d tvGwu f surf d ygawmhw,f? ausmif;pmtjyifu uAsmawGxJrSm txufuajymcJhwJh uav;uAsmawGu vG&J if usaemfyxrqH;k tvGwu f sucf /hJ &cJw h m[m zefr;D tdrpf mtkyx f u J uAsmawGyv J @kd q&kd if rrSm;ygbl;? usaemf acwfuAsmudk óudufwwfoGm;yg+yD? uAsma&;csifpdwfvnf; ay:vmcJhyg+yD? wu,fawmh tJ't D cgu udb k *sr;f [m vlx*k sme,fxrJ mS emrnftrsK;d rsK;d eJ@ a&;aewm ESpfwcsKd@&SdoGm;yg+yD? 'gayr,fh ol@uAsmawGudk usaemf owdrðywmtrSefyg? ta=umif;u usaemfu vlxk*sme,fudkzwf&if (OD;av;)usm;bndrf;&J@ vufa0S@ aqmif;yg;/ a&$udkif;om;&J@ aqmif;yg;/ 0wˆK pwmawGavmuf zwfwmyg? pmzwfyg; vHk;0 r0ao;wJht&G,f jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umihf udkb*srf;udkvnf; rjrifzl;/ 'grSr[kwf jrifzl;aomfvnf; owdrxm;rdzl;ygbl;? yxr qHk;awG@zl;wmu ol@ zefrD;tdrf qk&w,fqdkwJhowif;udk a&'D,dku=um;&+yD;aemuf wae@rSm ol&,f/ udkomEdk;&,f/ aemufwpfOD;u udkpdefjrihf (armifrdk;ol) vdk@xifw,f/ oHk;-av;a,muf usaemfw@kd trd u f v kd m+y;D usaemft h azeJ@tarudk awG@=uygw,f? rSwrf w S &f & nOD;ydik ;f wpfcrk mS yg? usaemftrSwrf rSm;&if udo k mEd;k u tJ'w D 0du k w f ek ;f u usaemfw@kd trd u f t,f'w D mtzG@J rmS tvkyv f yk af eygw,f? ae@wikd ;f awG@ae&wJv h yl g? aemuf+yD; rSew f majym&&if tJ'w D ek ;f u usaemf wdk@t&G,feJ@ ol@t&nftaoG;awGudk rodygbl;? axmifwef;tuscHxm;wJh ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifa[mif;wpfa,muf qdkwmavmufyJ em;vnfxm;wmyg? udkpdefjrifhuawmh (usaemhftarpum;eJ@ ajym&&if) ol@taz udkAwkwf (awmxJrSm usqHk;oGm;ol) vdkyJ vlxk 42

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm wdu k u f kd 0ifcsiw f t hJ csed f 0ifvm+yD; xGucf siw f hJ qdkwmudk usaemfwdk@u odyfoabmrwlcsif tcsed f jyefxu G o f mG ;wJh tdro f m;wpfa,muf =uygbl;? olwdk@u tjrJjrifawG@aewJhvlawG udk;? vdk aewJv h yl g? olw@kd vmw,fqw kd meJ@ taru usaemf wd@k ukd rif;wd@k awG@z;l csiw f hJ armifb*sr;f wd@k vm w,fa[hvdk@ vSrf;ajym+yD; olwdk@apmifhaewJh {nh f c ef ; xJ u d k 0if o G m ;ygw,f ? 'D t cgrS m usaemf w d k @ armif E S r awG t}uD ; tus,f v_y&f mS ;ukeyf gawmhw,f? usaemf&,f/ usaemhf tpfr&,f/ usaemfhESr&,f acgif;csif;±dkuf wdkifyif+yD; udk,hfrSm&SdwJh atmfwdkpmtkyfav;

ud k b *srf ; u usaemf h t pf r atmf w d k pmtkyfxJrSm a&;ay;+yD;wJhaemuf usaemhf pmtkyfxJrSm a&;ay;ygw,f? uav;awGrdk@ ayghayghwefwef/ +yD;pvG,fa&;ay;wm rvkyf ygbl;? ol@&J@a&;aeus vufa&;0dkif;0dkif;}uD; awGeJ@ pma=umif;av;wdkwdkudk jznf;jznf;eJ@ rSefrSef a&;ay;ygw,f?

olŒ&JŒa&;aeus vufa&;0dkif;0dkif;}uD;awGeJŒ pma-umif;av;wdkwdkudk jznf;jznf;eJŒ rSefrSefa&;ay;ygw,f? “±dk;om;r+om cspfp&m” wJh? awGxkwf+yD; {nhfcef; wHcg;aygufab;/ tcef; pnf;aemufuae jyLwpfjyLwpfvkyf=uyg w,f? 'DtcgrmS usaemfw@kd uv kd rS ;f jrifwhJ tar u “[Jh æ bm=unhfaewmvJ/ 0ifcJh=uav” vd@k vSr;f ac:ygw,f? +y;D rS {nho f nfrsm;bufukd vSn+hf yD; “a[m'DrmS æ armifb*sr;f udk awG@z;l csifvdk@wJh” qdk+yD; 'D[mu b,fol/ [dk[mu b,f0gqdk+yD; rdwfqufay;ygw,f? 'DawmhrS usaemfwdk@uvnf; udk,fhaemufrSm 0Sufxm; wJh atmfwdkpmtkyfav;awG xkwfay;+yD; atmfwdka&;ay;zdk@ r0Hhr&Jajym=uygw,f? tJ'D wkef;u udkomEdk;eJ@ udkpdefjrifhu a&;ay;r,f uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

“±dk;om;r_om cspfp&m” wJh? 0rf;omvdkufwJhjzpfjcif;? oleJ@ywf ouf+yD; usaemfwdk@armifESrwawG =um;zl; xm;wmudku “wifrdk;qdkwJhvl[m ol@uAsm av;awG vSyqef;!Gef@oavmuf oludk,f wdkifuawmh taetxdkif tajymtqdk b,fh uavmuf/ b,fuvdk ±dk;om;wm” qdkwm rsK;d awG r[kwv f m;? 'ga=umifh ol@aqmify'k v f @kd qd&k r,fh pum;&yfukd tckvv kd v S aS v; a&;ay; vdkufawmh usaemhfwouf rarhEdkifp&mjzpf oGm;ygawmhw,f? tJ'Daemuf usaemfvnf; 43

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45

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

50

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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51

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'Dae&ma&mufawmhol@tdrfeJ@ eD;oGm;+yDav/ q&m}uD; tJ ' D u d p P 0 d p P a wG t wG u f ? tdrfeJ@ eD;oGm;+yDav? av#muf&if;eJ@ tJ'DrSm ruUqDudk qdkif u|eaf wmfu q&m}uD; vG,f wqdik &f w dS ,f? om;om;em;em;av;aygah v? tdraf &S@rmS jcHcwf tdwfxJrSmygwJh ydkufqHtdwf xm;w,f/ ausmufcHkav;awGeJ@? xD;av;awGeJ@ayghav? 'DrSm xJrSm xnfhxm;wJh tdkif'D xdkifOD;r,f/ at;at;aq;aq; wJh? +yD;awmhrS jyefr,f/ tdrfeJ@ uwfawG xkwjf y&w,f? vnf;eD;w,f qdk+yD;awmh tJ'DrSm 0ifxdkifw,f? 0ifxdkifawmh social security uwf blwm±Hrk mS olu umzDaomufvmawmh umzDqufraomuf awG xkwfjy&w,f? +yD;awmh csib f ;l / tat; aomufcsiw f ,f wJ?h 'ge@J tat;rSm ay;vdu k f ol@ orD;qDukd qufw,f? ol@ w,f? tJ'D tat;aomuf+yD;awmh wiHak vmufyJ iH&k ygw,f? orD;qDuq kd ufawmh ol@orD;

tat;aomuf_yD;awmh wiHak vmufyJ iH&k ygw,f? onf; ovdjk zpfomG ;_yD;awmh tifh tifh qd_k yD; arh_yD;awmh apmif;_yD; ,dik o f mG ;wm? tJ'geJŒ u|efawmf vSr;f qGv J u kd af wmh *smuifuv kd rS ;f qGrJ v d u kd _f yD; q&m}uD; b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ b,fvjkd zpfwmvJqakd wmh æ æ æ onf; ovdjk zpfomG ;+yD;awmh tifh tifh qd+k y;D arh+y;D awmh apmif; +yD; ,dik o f mG ;wm? tJ'ge@J u|eaf wmf vSr;f qGv J u kd af wmh *smuif udv k rS ;f qGrJ v d u kd +f yD; q&m}uD; b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ b,fvkd jzpf wmvJqdkawmh pum;ar; r&awmhbl;? tJ'geJ@ Edkif0rf;0rf; (911) udk qufw,f? Edkif;0rf;0rf;udk quf&if OD;u ryDawmh ae&majym&if vGJ&if =umaerSmpdk;vdk@ qdik &f iS u f kd tultnDawmif;vdu k w f ,f? aus;Zl;ðy+yD; Edik ;f 0rf; 0rf; qufay;yg qdak wmh qdik &f iS u f qufay;w,f? Edik ;f 0rf;0rf; uvnf; blwm±HkeJ@ 'Dae&m=um;rSm &Sdw,f? police station (&Jpcef;) av? odyf jrefw,f/ csucf si;f a&mufvmwmyJ? OD;u tJ'rD mS Edik ;f 0rf;0rf; quf+yD;awmh ol@ orufqu D kd zke;f qufz@kd qJvzf ek ;f udk óud;wyfaewke;f &Sad o;w,f/ Edik ;f 0rf;0rf;u a&muf uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

u tvkyfxJrSm qJvfzkef; yd w f x m;w,f ? yd w f x m; awmh OD;orD;wa,mufu vnf; ol@orD;eJ@twlwlyJ av? w±Hkwnf; vkyfw,f av? tJ'geJ@ OD;orD;qDudk zke;f quf&w,f? OD;orD;qDukd zk e f ; quf a wmh OD ; orD ; u vnf; ol@orD; csKdoif;udk ta=umif;=um;awmh csKo d if; u OD;qDudk jyefqufoG,f w,f? ol@taz b,frSmvJ 53

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm aygh? Edkif;0rf;0rf;eJ@ vkyfaew,f/ um;ay: wifawmhr,f? Edkif;0rf;0rf;udk u|efawmf ar;+yD;awmh b,faq;±HkvJqdkawmh udkifZmaq;±Hkqkdawmh udkifZmaq;±Hkudk vdkufcJhawmhvdk@? jzpfwJhae&m rSmawmh tck r&Sdawmhbl;? um;ay:wufawmhr,fvdk@ tJ'Dvdk ajymvdkufwm/ aq;±Hak &mufawmh u|eaf wmfu h kd waiting room udk ac:oGm;w,fav? olw@kd vkyaf ewm udk olwdk@ ay;raebl;av? waiting room rSm oGm;apmifhw,f/ watmifhaeawmh ol@orD; a&mufvmw,f? awmfawmfeJ@ vm rajymao;bl;? rdepf 20/ 30 avmuf &Sdr,f xifw,f? tJ'DtcgrS q&mrwa,mufu vmajymw,f? r&awmhbl; qdk+yD;awmh ajymwm/ tJ'DawmhrS odw,f? Ô aemufq;kH pum;ajymwJt h csed t f xdaygh aemf/ ol@u=kd unh&f wm yHrk eS yf v J m;/ use;f rma&; eJ@ywfouf+yD; æ æ = ol t&rf; 0rf;omw,f/ t&rf;aysmfw,f? ol tJ'DvdkoGm;&&if pdwfcsrf;omw,f? u|efawmfeJŒ r-umc% xGufw,fav? bwfpfum; *dwfqHk;txd pD;_yD;awmh jyefvm/ a'oEW&ayghav? ra&mufzl;wJh ae&mav;awG/ tJ'Dvdk? aemufqHk; bmrSr[kwf&ifawmifrS òrdŒwGif; ywfwJhum;udkawmif ywfpD;wm? Ô tJ'Dvdk r=umc% oGm;wmyJvm; tb? = [kwfw,f/ [kwfw,f/ [kwfw,f? txl;ojzifh u|efawmfhudk rdom;pkvdk owfrSwfw,fav? u|efawmfwŒkd rdom;pkvkd jzpfaeyg_yD wJ?h u|efawmfu h kd tdraf omh ay;xm;w,f? tcsderf a&G; 0if/ vl r&Sv d nf; pm;/ óudufwm vkyf/ tJ'Dvdk? Ô tckvdkayghav/ tbOD;wifrdk; tba&S@rSm tckvdk qHk;yg;oGm;awmh tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u pdwfxJrSm b,fvdkrsKd;jzpfoGm;ovJ rodbl;cifAs? = wcgwnf; bmvkyf&rSef; rodbl;? Edkif;0rf;0rf;ac:_yD; b,fvdk vkyf&rSef; rodbl;/ qJvfzkef;u óud;awmif aysmufw,f? [m æ ylxloGm;wmyJ/ bmvkyf&rSef; rodbl;? ? ÚÚÚÚ

54

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ckcsdefrSmawmh usr cspfaomolwdk@ oufwrf;wdk=u. æ qdkwJh pmwpfa=umif; udkyJ owd&aeygonf? tJ'Dpmom;av;udk q&m*srf;u rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)uG,fvGefpOfu trSwfw&a&;cJh wmyg? xdkpOfuvnf; q&mh&J@ uAsmq&m aumif;yDopGm wpfcGef;qdkwpfcGef; &ifxJ a&mufapwJph um;rSm usrwd@k ajymprSwjf zpfchJ &onf? tJ'Dwkef;u touf&SnfvSwJh Adkvf ae0if;eJ@ taygif;tygawGudk vufn‡dK;xdk;jy vdkufovdkyJvdk@ usrwdk@ jrifa,mif+yD; q&mh pum;udk trSwfw& r=umc% &nf!$ef; ajymjzpfcJh=uonf? ckawmhjzifh tJ'D q&mh pum;uyif edrdwfzwfovdk jzpfcJh+yD? vlcspf vlcifrsm;wJah e&mrSm ajymprSwðf y&wJh q&mæ touf 73 ESpfr#ESifhyif usrwdk@ eHab;rS cGJcGmoGm;cJh+yD?

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ar+idrf;

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55

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm rvmEdik af wmh+yD? á usruawmh q&mhtem;rSm aeae& wm b,favmuf=um=um 0w,fv@kd rxif? q&mhqDu A[kokwawG &rukef? ,lrukef? q&mu tHh=op&maumif;avmufatmif rSw^f m%faumif;vGe;f olav? +yD;awmh usreJ@ q&mu jrefrmpm Zmwdwo l al wGr@kd ajymp&m acgif;pOfwlawG trsm;}uD;&Sdaewwfonf? 'gawmifrS usreJ@q&m twlwlñuHcJh odcJhwJh tjzpftysufwcsKd@udk usru arharhaewwf ao;wm? q&muawmhjzifh twdtus rSwrf d qJ? usrrSmawmh q&mha&S@rmS wu,fh vlnhH jzpfjzpfoGm;&.? xdktcg usrtwGufawmh q&mu jrefrmpmb%fwu kd }f uD;ygy?J +yD;awmh q&mu vly*k Kd~ vfawGta=umif; jyefajymjy&if awmif pma&;aeovdk ajymjywmrdk@ odyf xl; jcm;wmygyJ? q&m 'Dwdkif;ajymaewmawGudk rsm; toHoGif;xm;+yD; azmfjyr,fqdk&if jyef ðyjyifp&mrvdw k hJ &oaqmif;yg;wpfy'k f jzpf+yD; om;yif? q&mu vlyk*~dKvfwdk@. trSwfw& ta=umif;rsm;udyk if taotcsm twdtus ajymwmrd@k tv†my ov†myESirhf wlbJ pmqef aejcif;jzpfonf? q&mu pum;udk vH;k 0 tydk rajym/ +yD;awmh vlwzufom;udk vG,fvG,f aumufcsuf rcswwf? vlwzufom;udk tm;emiJhn‡mwwfoavmuf ol,Hk=unf&m trS e f w &m;ud k ajym&mrS m awmh tvG e f jywfom;ol? tJ'gu q&mhqDu usrowdðy rdvdkufaom tusifhjrwfawGyJ jzpfygonf?

56

wu,fwrf;usawmh q&mhudk vlcspf vlcifrsm;&wmuvnf; q&mh&J@ pdwfaumif; pdwfrGefeJ@ tusifhaumif; tusifhjrwfawG a=umifhyJ jzpfygvdrfhrnf? q&meJ@ywfouf&if usrtwGufuawmh owd&p&mawG rsm; vGef;vSygonf? usru q&mhudk tazvdkyJ w&if;wES;D aeonf? 'gawmifrS q&muawmh usrudk b,fawmhrS eif/ ig qdkwmrsdK;awmif oHk;+yD;rajymzl;cJh? tJ'Dwkef;u wdk@u bmom jyefXmerSm? ar+idrf;u b,frSm&SdaevJæ q&mu tJvdkyJ wav;wpm;}uD; ajymwwf wm? vli,fawGuakd yr,fh tjrJ emrnfa&S@rmS udk wdk@ r wdk@ wyfac:wm? q&mu vli,f awGukd todtrSwðf ywJah e&mrSm wefz;kd xm;wJh ae&mrSmvnf; a&S@q;kH u &So d ?l +y;D awmh ckacwf vl}uD;awGxJ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; vli,fawGem;rSm aeaysmw f wfo?l á q&meJ@ usr t=um;rSm&Sw d hJ aemufxyf ajymrukefwJh ta=umif;t&muawmh *Dw pmqdk}uD; òrd@r+idrf;ta=umif;ygyJ? usru òrd@r+idrf;&J@ oDcsif;awGudk avhvmusrf;ðy+yD; r[m0dZ…mbGJ@,lcJhol? q&muawmh òrd@r+idrf; oDcsi;f awGukd óuduv f eG ;f vd@k =unfnKd av;pm; +y;D òr@d r+ird ;f twˆKy`wadW &;zd@k ca&aphwiG ;f us avh vmcJhzl;ol? usr eJ@ q&mòrd@r+idrf;ta=umif; awG ajym=u/ òrd@r+idr;f oDcsi;f awG qd=k u? wcsK@d oDcsif;awG usru arhaeao;? q&mujzifh enf;enf;av;r#yif rarh? ol@rSm oDcsif;rsm; qdkae&&if rarmwrf;yif? usru òrd@r+idrf;udk uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&mu t&m&mwdik ;f udk arwWmESio hf m ±+jrifo?l &efoŒl ta-umif;udk ajymwmawmifrS pum;vH;k ±dik ;f ±dik ;f ysysoH;k _yD; ajymwmrsKd; r-um;cJ&h zl;yg? rdom;pktay:cspfwwf/ oHa,mZOf}uD;wwfwmrSmvnf; q&muawmh pHjyyif? om;orD;awGta-umif;udk 0wˆKawGta-umif;ajymaeovdk ajymjywwfonf === cspfwmudkyJ q&mu oabmusaeao;onf? aemufawmh q&mESifhusru tóudufawG k w f @kd acwfuv kd nf; trsm;}uD;wlwm? q&mu tH=h ovd@k ? “tHr,f æ ar+idr;f u rqd;k bl;uG? ud, trDom; æ”wJh av/ q&mu? q&meJ@twlwl oDcsif;awG trsm;}uD;qdkjzpfcJhwm? q&mu “aemufwcgvm&if jrwfav;a&;cJh qdkcJhwJh wuo oDcsif;awG ar+idrf;udk wufay;OD;r,f ” wJ?h rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh q&mu olñuHcJh&wJh tjzpftysufawGudk taumif;jrifaxmifh uom ajymjywwfwmrd@k q&majymor# ta=umif;t&mawG[m 0wˆKawG/ &oaqmif;yg;awG csn;f ygy?J q&mu t&m&mwdik ;f udk arwWmESio hf m ±_jrifo?l &efo@l ta=umif;udk ajymwmawmifrS pum;vHk;±dkif;±dkif;ysysoHk;+yD; ajymwmrsKd; r=um;cJh&zl;yg? rdom;pktay:cspfwwf/ oHa,mZOf }uD;wwfwmrSmvnf; q&muawmh pHjyyif? om;orD;awGta=umif;udk 0wˆKawGta=umif; ajymaeovdk ajymjywwfonf? wu,fh rdbarwWmzGJ@ o±kyfazmf0wˆKawGzwfae&ovdk em;axmifvdk@ aumif;vSonf? q&mhoaE<udku pma&;q&m? b0wav#mufvHk; pmawG uAsmawG trsm;}uD;udk vdu _ v f u d_ v f v JS JS wm0efausausa&;cJw h hJ tJ'D uAsmq&m pma&;q&m }uD;u a&;p&mawG trsm;}uD;udk tukefra&;&ao;bJ xGufoGm;cJh+yD? wu,fawmh q&mu csKo d if;av;&J@ use;f rma&;udk odypf w d yf w l m? ol@tareJ@ armifav;vdk jzpfrSmpdwfylw,f wJh? wdk@uawmh bma&m*grS ckxdr&Sdbl;æwJh? usru aq;vdyfav#mhyg q&m&,f æ vdk@ajym&if/ jroef;wifhvnf; udkwifrdk; cifAsm; aq;vdyfjzwfprf;ygAsmvdk@ wdk@udk c%c% ajymwmyJ ? ol u reuf w d k i f ; vrf ; av#muf / taomuf t pm;vnf ; uif ; / usef;rma&;vnf; odyf*±kpdkufwm/ 'gayr,fh olu jzwfceJoGm;a&m/ [J[J æ wdk@u ckxd bma&m*grS r&Sdbl; æ vdk@ jyefajymao;wm? q&mu ol@twGuf wcgrSrylcJhol? ckawmh q&mom æ q&mreJ@ ^m%frdk;vdkyJ? q&m æ cka&m æ csKdoif;av;udkrsm; pdwfylaeOD;rvm;? ol@tara&m/ armifav; a&m/ wdk@a&m ckvdkjzpfoGm;awmh csKdoif;av;udk ylw,f/ olu csLcsmw,fvdk@rsm; q&mhcrsm ajymcsifaeOD;rvm;? á uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

57

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

aq;vdyfvnf;wdk aevnf;ndK_yD ighukd jyefyŒkd -uygav?

'DuAsmuawmh vlwdkif;odwJh q&m&J@ {nfhonf}uD; txifu& uAsmaygh? usrwdk@ jrefrmpmar*smrSm tcsdefay;+yD; aqG;aEG;cJh=u &wJh uAsm? 'g[m ocF g&w&m;udk ajymwm wJh? edrdwfyHkudk oHk;xm;wmwJh? vlqdkwm avmu}uD;&J@ {nfonfyJ wJh? aq;vdyfvdk avmifòrdu/f pGrJ ufz, G af umif;/ 'kuv Q nf;ay; Edik af o;/ tckawmh tcsed v f nf; ukev f +k yD/ igu h kd xGufoGm;cGifhðyygawmhvdk@ qdkvdkwm wJh? q&muawmh/ cyfðyH;ðyH;/ bmrS rwkH@jyef? uAsmq&m&J@ tvky+f yD;+yDav æ wJ?h y&dowf tvdkus qufawG;,l±Hkaygh æ wJh? q&mu ol@pmzwfy&dowfudkyif v$rf;rdk;csKyfudkifvdk pdwrf sK;d r&So d ?l á usruawmh q&mhaq;vdyfvnf; rwdk vSao;bl;? aevnf; rndKao;bl;vd@k xifae wke;f yJq&m? tJ'Dae@u xdkif;EdkifiHrSmawmh reuf}uD; aygh q&m? q&mqH;k +yD æ vd@k zke;f 0ifvmw,f? b,f v d k æ b,f v d k j zpf w mvJ q d k a wmh ±kww f &uf wJ?h vufzuf&nfqikd rf mS wJ?h usr idkrdw,f q&m? ,lusKH;r&? vGrf;qGwfpGm? =unfhygOD; æ q&m&,f æ qHk;wmawmif 58

vufzuf&nfqikd rf mS wJv h m;?

Zif ; r,f r S m q&meJ @ usrwd k @ wawG xdkifaeus 0g0D (Wawee) aumfzDqdkifav;udk q&mu tifrwefcspfw,f? ar+idrf;a& æ 0g0DoGm;&atmifvdk@ ae@wdkif;eD;yg; q&majym wwfw,f? tJ'DaumfzDqdkifav;u opfom; =urf;cif; uGyyf sp&f n S }f u;D ay:rSm/ opfyifprd ;f pdr;f pdkpdkawG=um;rSm/ wkyzefwD;xm;wJh a&uef ao;ao;av;ab;rSm/ wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf eJ@ at;at;csr;f csr;f &Sw d hJ ae&mav;? q&mu tJ'q D ikd af v;rSmqdk em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm r+iD;rjiL xd k i f w wf w m? +yD ; awmh ajymao;w,f ? aumfzDaomufcsifwmt"du r[kwfbl;/ ae&mav;udk aomufcsiw f mwJh av? wcgu [m;AwfwuUodkvfxJrSm aumfzDqdkifxdkif&if; u usrudo k wd&vd@k q+kd y;D q&m vSr;f zke;f quf wmudak wmif vGr;f oGm;rdao;w,f? q&mu oaE<udku uAsmq&m? tJ'DoaE<&J@ vm;&m twdik ;f q&mh&@J aemufq;kH tcsed u f uAsmqef qef vufzuf&nfqdkifrSmwJh av? vGrf;p&m aumif;vdu k yf rkH sm;q&m&,f? tJ'{D nfo h nf}uD;u igu h jkd yefy@kd =uygav æ wJ?h q&mhudk usrwdk@ b,fudk jyefydk@&rSmvJ q&m? usr odygw,f? q&m jyefcsifwm æ jrefrmjynfudk æ rE Wav;udk æ uefjrJudk æ tif;pdef rif;}uD;vrf;u *syeftdrfuav; &Sd&mqDudk r[kwfvm;? ryle@J q&mæ csKdoif;av;u q&mhudk ta&mufjyefydk@ rSmwJh æ odvm;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm usrwd@k Eikd if H wu,fh vGwv f yfa&;&wJah e@/ +idr;f csr;f a&;& wJhtcgus&if q&mhudk jrefrmjynfta&muf jyefydk@ay;rSmwJh q&m æ csKdoif;av;u aocsmpDpOfxm;+yD;+yD wJh? q&m auseyf0rf;omrSm aocsmygw,f? avmavmq,fawmh c%avmuf apmifhOD;aemfq&m?

or#jzpf a ewJ h tajctae av;rSm æ? 'g[m tdkjcif; emjcif; 'kuaQ wGtay: tEdik &f wmwrsKd;yJvdk@ usrcHpm;& w,f? =unfhygOD;æ qHk;yg; oGm;&yHkuawmifrS tm;us á p&m? 'gayr,fh æ vGrf;w,f wu,fawmh usru q&mhudkvGrf;w,fqdkwmvnf; q&m? wud k , f a umif ; qef avmbeJ@yg? q&meJ@ pum;awGajymcsifwmæ? q&mhpum; awGxJu rSwfom;em,lcsifwm? rodwmawG ar;csifwm? w,fyaJ jymajym/ q&m xGuf q&mu tazwpfa,mufvkd tm;ay;wwfwmrd@k tpp t&m oG m ;wm apmygao;w,f

vlqw kd m avmu}uD;&JŒ {nfonfyJ wJ?h aq;vdyv f kd avmifòrdu/f pGrJ ufz, G af umif;/ 'kuQvnf;ay;Edkifao;/ tckawmh tcsdefvnf; ukefvk_yD/ ighukd xGuo f mG ;cGiðhf yygawmhvŒkd æ æ æ &mrSm wdkifyifcsifwm? q&meJ@pum;ajymwdkif; tm;&SdoGm;& aemf æ? wmawGa=umifhav? awG@vm;q&m æ usridkaºuG;wJhvGrf; qGwfjcif;xJrSm twWu cyfrsm;rsm;yg? wu,fqdk æ q&m á xGufcGmoGm;yHkav;u b,favmuf auseyfp&maumif;vJ? q&mhtwGuf b,favmuf pdwfcsrf;omp&maumif;vJ? aocsmwmuawmh æ nifnifomom/ +yD;awmh +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;? b,fvdk avmb cspfaomolwdk@um; a'go arm[rS &SdraewJh tcdkuftwef@av;rSm? q&mh oufwrf; wdk=u.? ? oabmuswwfwJh ae&mav;wpfckrSm? wdkif;jynfta&;u Ô vGJvdk@ ylyefaomu jzpfp&m r&SdwJh b0rsKd;rSm? vkyfcsif {&m0wD tifwmeuf r*~Zif;rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

59

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

60

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmq&m}u;D wifr;dk ta=umif; usaemf odovkd ajymjyyghr,f? odwmawGuawmh trsm;}uD;yJ? vk&d if;awGudk jzwfajymcsiw f ,f?

OD;wifrkd;eJ@ usaemf rEœav;wuUokdvfrSm qHkcJhñuHcJh=uw,f? aemuf rEœav; pmay avmu&J@ t"duXmewpfcjk zpfwhJ vlxpk may wkdufrSmvnf; twlyg0if xrf;aqmif=u&if; ñuH=uqHk=u&ygw,f? aemuf rEœav;u tEkynmonfawG &efuek òf rd@udk qif;=uawmh vnf; twlwlygyJ? aemufawmh jrefrmjynf u xG u f c G m =u&awmh v nf ; tar&d u ef jynfaxmifpkrSmjyef+yD;awmh qHk=u&jyefyg

w,f? qHw k ,fñuHw,fqw dk mu rnfumrwW xuf ykyd gw,f? oli,fcsi;f ru nDtpfuw dk r# awG jzpf=uvkd h usaemfwkd@csif; awG@=uwkdif; em&Drsm;pGm pum;awG tvkt,uf ajym=u wm b,fawmhrSukefw,f qHk;w,f a&mifh&J auseyfw,f&,fvkd@ r&Sd=uygbl;? twdwfu tjzpftysufawG/ pmay *Dwta=umif;awG/ tEkynmta=umif;awG EkdifiHa&; vlr_a&; pwmawG tpHkygyJ? ud k w if r k d ; (0g) uk d b *srf ; qk d w mu txufjrefrmjynf jrif;jcHe,f ujrJZ=urf;

0if;az

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

61

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm (toHxGuftwkdif; +rdefvGef;vkd@ a&;vkdufwmyg)u awmom; uAsmq&myg? ol@ukd usaemfu ukdb*srf;vkd@ ac:&wmvnf; odyf+rdefygw,f? olu ol huAsmtEkynmeJ@ rEœav;òrd@ wufvm w,f/ òrd@awmf&efukefxd wufw,f? jrefrmwEkdifiHvHk;ukd ywfw,f? aemufawmh urBmukd ywfawmhwmyJ? ol b,fuo dk mG ;oGm; ol@u, dk yf idk f uAsm tEkynm,mOfudk pD;+yD; +idr+hf idrahf nmif; anmif; xdxda&mufa&muf c&D;ESifwmygyJ? ol huAsm0dnmOfu ol hpdwf&if;twkdif; yuwd tvGef±kd;om; &Sif;vif; =unfvifw,f? &J&ifw h ,f/ jywfom;w,f? ,Ofaus;odraf rG +h yD; aysmah ysmif;Eknw hH ,f? a0g[m&awGºuG,0f ovkd ajyjypfnufanmwJh um&ef eabawGeJ@ a0qmvSyygw,f? olu wkid ;f jynfe@J vrl sK;d ukd odycf spw f ,f? wkid ;f jynfe@J vlrsK;d tusK;d &Sad tmif aqmif&u G cf sif pdwf jyif;xefw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvkd qENm"dywd }uD;rm;wmukd xkwfazmf+yD; ajymjycJhw,f? vufawG@yJ vkyfw,f? olu|rf;usifwJh pmayeJ huAsmukd r¾dKifxm;+yD; trsm;}uD;vkyfw,f? ae@wkdif; vkyfw,f? a&muf&mt&yfwkdif;rSm ajymw,f/ a[mw,f? vHk@v 0D&d,odyfaumif; w,f? wkid ;f jynfeJ v h rl sK;d twGuf trsm;}uD; tusK;d &Sw d ,f? pmayeJ h aqmif&u G w f mjzpfavawmh xm0& tusKd;yGm;rsm;aew,f? ol@uAsmpmay trsm;pkudk ol@&ŒJ wkid ;f jynfe@J vrl sK;d tay:xm;wJh }uD;rm;wJph w d &f if; apwem o'<gw&m;ay:rSm tajccH tkwjf rpfxm; a&;om;ygw,f? 'gah =umifh arwWm"mwftjynfeh @J =oZm }uD;w,f? ol@qEN ol hapwemqkdwmuvnf; odyf&Sif;ygw,f? olu trSefw&m;bufuom &yfvw dk ,f? t"rRw&m;ukd qef@usiw f ,f? vlwidk ;f ukd pmayA[kow k / b0^m%fynm tvif; eJ@ jynf0h apcsiw f ,f? 'grv S nf; trSew f u,f vGwaf jrmufEidk =f urSmuk;d ? ol ah pwemukd vlwidk ;f vufcHem;vnf usifhoHk;Ekdifygw,f? tm±Hkpl;pkdufóud;yrf;=uzkd@om ta&;}uD;ygw,f? wkid ;f jynfe@J vlrsK;d tay: apwemxm;&mrSm vGwv f yfwphJ w d u f dk jrwfE;dk ovkd us,u f s,f jyef@jyef@vnf; cH,El idk pf rG ;f &Sw d ,f? umva'oeJ rh sujf cnfrjywf yl;uyf aEG;axG; aewwfw,f? um&ef^m%ftm; eab^m%ftm; oefpGrf;wJhtwGuf um&efrJhuAsmukd ta&;enf;w,f? rkd'efwm r'efwmukd *±krxm;? t,ltq tawG;tac: jcm;em;wmawGukd av;pm;w,f? vGwv f yfpmG uJv G cGJ iG u hf dk wefz;dk xm;w,f? 'gah =umifh wurBmvH;k tES@H &=dS uwJh tv$mpHk jrefrmawG u q&m}uD;OD;wifrkd;ukd odyfcspf=uw,f? a&mufav&m&mrSm =unf=unfEl;El;eJ@ óudqkd=u *g&0ðy=uw,f? ol@twGuf *k%f,l=uw,f? olvkyfor# wkdif;jynftusKd; aumif;r_ ukov/ tEk&oawGtwGuf 0rf;ajrmuf tEkarm'emðy=uw,f?

62

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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63

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

64

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm (1) cHpm;r_awG ay:vmwdkif; ±kyfykHv$mav;awG a&;jc,fjzpfcJhwm awmfawmf=umyg+yD? rsm;aomtm;jzifh qk;H yg;oGm;wJt h cgrS a&;jc,fjzpfwmawG rsm;rsm;vmawmh/ 'Dwcgawmh ouf&x dS if&mS ; &Sad ewke;f rSmyJ a&;udk a&;jc,fjyvdu k Of ;D r,fv@kd &ifxrJ mS pGx J m;cJrh w d /hJ usaemf&h @J &ifxu J ±kyyf v Hk m$ awGxrJ mS q&m*sr;f vnf; &Sad ecJo h ayg?h tckawmh æ q&m&,f/ q&mhuv kd nf; æ rESpfu rSwfrSwf&& æ tar a':trm&J@ touf 90 jynfh arG;ae@}uD;rSm q&m*srf;eJ@ usaemf zke;f ay: awmfawmf=um=um pum;ajymcGi&hf vdu k af o;w,f? udpk ;kd csed w f @kd armifEu HS olw@kd zd@k w0f ed ;f tdru f ae q&m*sr;f eJ@ usaemfu h q kd +Hk yD; pum;ajymcGiñhf uHatmif pDpOfay;vdu k =f uvd@k av? tJ'w D ek ;f u q&m*sr;f u zd@k w0f ed ;f u udpk ;kd csed w f @kd trd u f kd tvnfa&mufaewJt h csed af yg?h vlcsi;f rqkH pum;ajymcGifhrñuHEdkifwm 17 ESpfawmif =um+yDqdkawmh t&ifwkef;u q&mhtoH q&mh[ef twdik ;f ygy/J / *E<mv&mZfaus;u usaemfw@kd ukd aemufvu kd f pvdu k f [moav;awG aESmvdu k ef @J ajymvdkufwmawG pkHvdkufvdk@ygyJ? +yD;cJhwJhESpfuwnf;u usaemfwdk@qD vmrvdk@qdkwm bmvdk@ rvmEdik af wmhwmawGvnf; ygoayg?h “q&m æ 'Dwcg c&D;ñu&H if usaemfw@kd buf vmjzpfatmif vmcJOh ;D aemf”vd@k usaemfu wrf;wrf;wwajymrdawmh q&mu “vmudk vmr,f pdwcf s”wJ?h +yD;cJw h hJ wywfausmaf usmaf vmufuawmh udpk ;kd csed w f @kd armifEu HS usaemfq h D zke;f qufjyef &if; “oli,fcsif; æ q&m*srf;}uD;wdk@uawmh udk&ifwdk@qD 'DESpf {+yDvxJavmufrSm ra&muf

0if;wifhxGef;

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

65

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm a&mufatmif vmrvdk h æ wJh/ +yD;awmh q&m*srf;ajymwmu pdwfxdcdkufp&m}uD;uGm æ 'D wacguf tJ'b D uf a&mufatmifomG ;csiw f ,f? ol@toufo@l t&G,ef @J / aemufq;Hk E_wq f ufc&D; awmif jzpfcsijf zpfaerSm æ wJ/h ud, k u hf mG æpdwrf aumif;vdu k w f m”wJ/h / usaemfvnf; awmfawmf a=uuGq J @kd eifo h mG ;rd&if; wzufuawmh 'DEpS x f rJ mS aemuf 3 vausmaf usmaf vmufqkd q&m*sr;f eJ hvludk,fwdkifawG@cGifhñuHawmhrSmvdk har#mfvdkufrd&if; a=uuGJyDwd jzpfrdvdkufygw,f? a[m æ rae@uusawmh 23 &ufae@u usawmh æ rdwaf qGwOD;qDu w,fvzD ek ;f ac:oH 0ifvmw,f// “q&m*sr;f wa,muf qk;H æ qk;H &Sm+y”D wJ/h / zke;f xJu ol@toH[m wd;k wd;k vsvsav;eJ w h ek cf g EGr;f [du k af ew,f// usaemfvnf; bmpum; rS rajymEdik af wmhavmufatmif armoGm;&ygawmhw,f// q&m&,f aemufq;Hk E_wq f ufrsuEf mS av;udkawmifrS jrifcGifhr&vdkuf&awmhygvm; æ q&m&,f// 'gayr,fh æ ±k;d om;r_t&dyaf wG wzdwzf w d v f ufaewJ/h oabmusp&mrsm;&S&d if ðy;H ðy;H }u;D jzpf±rHk u toH jrjrxGuaf tmif w[J[&J ,farmaewwfw/hJ rsuv f ;Hk tpk[ H m tEkynmorm;yDovGe;f pGm cHpm; wwfr_ raemtm±kH"mwfawG v$rf;ywfa0h0JaewwfwJh q&mh&J@ ±kd;&Sif;vGef;vSwJhrsufESm[m æ cifrifEpS v f zkd , G &f maumif;vGe;f vSwhJ q&mh&@J rsuEf mS jynfjh ynf}h uD;[m usaemfw@kd &@J ESv;Hk om;xJ rSm xm0& pGJxifaeygw,f// b,fvdkvkyf+yD; arhEdkifyghrvJ q&m&,f æ æ æ ?

(2) q&m*sr;f &J@ yk*v H rf;tdru f kd usaemf }udrzf efrsm;pGma&mufz;l w,f? vGecf w hJ EhJ pS f 30 / 1977 w0du k af vmufuayg?h twGv J u kd f tdrw f ef;vsm;&Sn}f uD;rSm q&m!Ge@f =uL;wd@k ro d m;pku wcef;/ wuUov kd rf if;armfw@kd u wcef;/ q&m*sr;f wd@k rdom;pku wcef;/ tm;vk;H [m pmorm; ayorm; tEkynmorm;awG ynm&Siaf wG wuUov kd ef @J ywfoufoal wGcsn;f qdak wmh/ pmay&dyðf rHav;vdk jzpfaewJhae&maygh? usaemfuawmh q&m*srf;tjyifoGm;aewJhtcgqdk&if q&m=uL;eJ@jzpfjzpf q&mrif;armfeJ@jzpfjzpf wtdrftdrfrSm xdkifaeusygyJ? rsm;aomtm;jzifh q&m=uL;eJ@ q&m*srf; tdrfrSmyJ xdkifaeusygyJ? tJ'Dwkef;u q&mhom; orD;awGu i,fi,fav;awGygyJ? t}uD;qkH;rS tv,fwef;avmufyJ &Syd gao;w,f? rd;k ESi;f wd@k pH}uD;wd@k qdw k ehJ mrnfawG a&;aw;aw;rSwrf ad e ao;ayr,f/h q&mhorD;wa,muf ‘rd;k csKo d if;’jzpfae+yDqw kd m ta0;uae=um;&ayr,fh b,f orD;vJqdkwm tckcsdeftxd uGJuGJjym;jym; rodao;ygbl;// tJ'Dwkef;u q&m=uL;&J@ om;ESpf a,mufuvnf; i,fi,fav;awGyg? q&m*sr;f &J t h rd x f rJ mS q&m*sr;f wa,mxd;k aewJh "mwfyHk av;udk csw d q f x JG m;wmvnf; tm±kx H rJ mS a&;aw;aw;rSwrf ad eygao;w,f? q&m*sr;f / q&m 66

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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73

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79

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm avwJh? olvnf; oifhawmfr,fh[mav;awG xyfay;tkef;r,f ajymw,f? olxyfay;wJh txJrmS tóuu d q f ;kH u ‘Ak'E< iS ahf wG@qjkH cif;’wJ?h usaemfw@kd uAsmpmtkyw f pftyk f arG;zGm;vdu k f =uw,f? ‘Ak'<ESifhawG@qHkjcif; ESifhtjcm;uAsm rsm;’wJh? rSwfrSwf&&wpfcku oleJ@usaemf ,l e D A mq,f pwl ' D , d k x J u txG u f / a[mvd 0 k ' f a wmif a y:uae wae&mud k usaemf w,fvDzkef; ac:w,f? óudwif,lvm wJh zke;f uwfuo kd ;kH +yD; trsm;oH;k zke;f uae ac: k w f m? usaemf bmrSrajymbJ ol@vufxJ yxrOD;qH;k tar&duukd tvnfa&muf vdu f nfah y;vdu k w f ,f? 0if;yoGm;wJh vmawmh olwnf;wJhtdrfrSm ol@udk usaemf udk zke;f cGux oGm;ac:+yD; ,leDAmq,f pwl'D,dkudk ac:oGm; ol@rsufESmeJ@twl/ ol@qDutoHwpfck xGuf w,f? ZGefv 18 &uf/ ouU&mZf 2000? vmw,f? t"du uawmh oleJ@ at;at;aq;aq; “a[haumif æ »»» ighvcGD;rSyJuGm æ” pum;ajymzd@k yg? ESpaf ,mufom; ,leAD mq,f pwl', D x kd J [d0k if'x D u G f vSnyhf wf=unf±h &_ if; tJ'Dta=umif; jyefawG;&if tifrwef u pum;awG ajymjzpf=uw,f? ta=umif; t&mu rsKd;pHkygyJ? ajym&if; usaemf xdkif;rSm csppf &maumif;wJh ol@rsuEf mS udk jrifa,mifae aewkef;upkxm;wJh uAsmawGta=umif; wkef;yJ? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uGJuGmaewJh nDi,f f ifw h t hJ csed /f rar#mf a&mufoGm;w,f? ‘rwfv. *Eˆ0ifyef;±dkif; wpfa,mufukd ol rar#mv h hJ ae&mrSm ±kww f &uf oljyefawG@vu kd &f rsm;’uAsm/ a':cif=unfpsmyerSm trsKd;om; vifw EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pku xkwfwJh ‘oHr%d w,fav? ol@toHudk em;axmifvdkuf±HkeJ@ f ef; yef;wpfz;l . O,smOfrLS ;rdcif’uAsm/ aemuf+yD; olb,favmuf auseyftm;wuf+yD;/ &$iv ol@uAsmawGjzpfwJh ‘tdrfvnf=uL;wJhom;’/ oGm;w,fqdkwm odomwmyJ? ol@toH/ ol@ ‘uG e f j rLepf q ef @ usif a &; vl } uD ; rif ; rsm;’ av,lavodrf;/ ol@toHk;tE_ef;[m ol@&J@ ±dk;om;r_/ yGifhvif;r_ jzLpifr_ av;eufr_awG awGvnf; ygw,f? twdkif;om; ay:vGifygw,f? Ô tJ'DrSm t=uHwpfck usaemfhacgif;xJ a&mufvmw,f? ola&mufvmwJh txdrf; trSwf uAsmpmtkyfav;wpftkyf xkwf&&if aumif;rvm;vdk@? olu aumif;om;yJ vkyf a=omf æ ol b,fv*f s, D rfukd a&mufae wmudk;? ol@orD;u a'gufwm rdk;rdk;ESif; wJh? orD;ac:vd@k olxu G v f mwmtjyif/ wjcm;ol@ &J@ta=umif;udpPawGeJ@ tajctaeudkvnf; &Si;f jyw,f? usaemfuawmh jrefrmjynf rjyef eJ@awmh/ jyef&if zGwfusm;awG q&mhudk 'kuQ t}uD;tus,af y;vdrrhf ,fv@kd t=uHay;vdu k f w,f? wjcm;olawGvnf; usaemhv f ykd J t=uH ay;w,feJ@wlygw,f? ol rjyefjzpfawmhbl;?

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm um;pufE;d_ zd@k óu;d pm;ayr,fh trsK;d trnf rod cHpm;r_wcsKd@u usaemfhtm¶Hkudk qGH@t xm;onf? +ird o f ufat;pufaeaom reufcif; awG r S m vl w a,muf y H k & d y f u usaemf h u d k jzwfceJ v_yfE_d;vdkufonf? olu reufapm apmawGrSm vkyfp&m&SdwmawGudk +yD;atmif vkyw f wfo/l ol vrf;av#mufy/kH nmbufrmS vG,ftdwf}uD;wvHk;vG,f+yD; ðyH;aeyHk/ ¶dk;¶dk; om;om; vS y aeaom pum;vH k ; rsm;u usaemfw@kd urBmav;xJ u|0H ifvmwwfonf? “uJ æ bmrS vkyfr&wJhtcsdefrSm/ +idrfoufpGmae+yD; avhvmwnfaqmufae wmvnf; awmfvSefa&;vkyfaewmyJrdk@vm; armif&ifwdk@&/ udk,fajymwmawmh r[kwfyg bl;/ vDeifajymcJhwmyg” olu 'grsKd;awGvnf; &onf? aq;vdyf cd;k aiG@awGe@J / [mooHawGaESm +yD; usaemfwdk@ ykef;atmif;aeonfhae&mav; udv k m+y;D vmvmtm;ay;wwfonf? aemuf awmh cyfat;at; pD;aeonfh prf;acsmif;av; ab;rSm/ iSuaf ysmawmav;ab;rSm/ ausmuf oajyyifawG a&avmif;aeonfh naecif; av;rS m ol @ uAsmawG / yH k w d k y wf p awG / ausmif;om;wyfO;D oDcsi;f awG use&f pfco hJ nf? usaemfwdk@&J@ wdrfðryfaeaom ae@&ufawG/ &Sifoefaeatmif/ txD;usef jzpfraeatmif olu zefwD;ay;cJhonf? tJ'w D ek ;f u olu usaemfw@kd oli,fcsi;f wcsKd@.emrnfawGudk olu odwmr[kwf/ 'gayr,fh rdwfaqGwa,muf&J@ zdwf=um;r_ a=umif@ rif;jypfrif;'%foifhaeonfh vli,f awGudk tm;ay;zdk@ [dk;ta0;}uD;u wul; 82

wu vmol? ÚÚÚÚ b0rSm rsm;rsm;pm;pm; rvdkygbl; q&m&,f &efolppfppfeJŒ rdwfaqGppfppf æ 'D ESpfckyJ vdkwmyg? usaemfwdk@ESpfa,muf jyefawG@=uwkef; u armf'ef uAsmq&mwa,muf. uAsmudk usaemfu &Gwjf ywwfonf? “'gjzifh armif&if &,f/ ppfyGJppfppfawG jyifzdk@/ avmavmq,f vufzuf&nfqikd f &Smprf;yg? tJ'h rD mS ud, k w f @kd &@J rdwfaqGawGta=umif;/ &efolawGta=umif; w0}uD; oGm;ajym&atmif” olu r&? e,l;a,muf òrd@}uD;xJu ±_y±f y_ af xG;axG; vrf;qHx k yd u f aumfzq D ikd u f kd tif;pdef bdkukef;xJu Am'ef&GufawG aºuGae aom vufzuf&nfqdkifawGtjzpf ajymif;vJ ypfonf? zavmf&D'gbufu urf;ajcawGudk/ awmiforeftif;u r,fZ,fyifwef;awGvdk ol@tvGrf;awG ar#mcs=unfhaerdonf? ol@&ifxJrSm yef;csDq&m ,Ofrif;ydkuf &Sad ernf? wrmyifawGatmufrmS olukd ar#mf aeonfh =unfatmif/ udak v;/ armifwifqif/h ql;iSuf/ atmfyDus,f EkEk&nf (tif;0) wdk@qD jyefa&mufaea&mhrnf? olu pmaytEkynm udk rnfonfhEdkifiHa&; tzGJ@tpnf;atmuf/ rnfonfh Edik if aH &; acgi;f aqmifatmuf vuf xJ xnfah y;rnfo h rl [kw/f pmaytEkynmukd em;rvnfonfh wcsKd@EdkifiHa&;orm;awGESifh awG@v#if ol pdwn f pfwwfonf? wcgwek ;f u uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm e,l;a,mufòrd@ uGif; (pf) xJu vufzuf&nf qdkifav;rSm EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;wcku yk*~dKvf wa,mufu usaemfwdk@ pum;0dkif;xJ0ifvm +yD; olajratmufv_yf&Sm;r_ vkyfaea=umif; jynfwGif;u acgif;aqmifawGudk b,fvdk ydkufqH axmufyHhaea=umif;/ usaemfwdk@udk vnf; jynf w G i f ; vk y f i ef ; rS m yd k v k y f z d k @ vd k a =umif ; pmvmcsaeonf ? q&m*srf ; eJ @ usaemf w d k @ wa,mufrsufESm wa,muf=unfh aerd onf? olu a&aEG;udkr_wfaomuf&if; “'kuQygyJ ajratmufv_yf&Sm;r_udk auoDyef aoG;aq; a=umfjima&mif;aeovdk vma&mif;aewJh ole@J vmawG@aewmud;k ” olu wd;k wd;k av; +iD;onf? usaemfwdk@u xdkol@udk bmrS jyefrajymrd/ tm¶HkxJu xkwfypfvdkufrdonf? bmompum; rwl/ &ifcsi;f tyfv@kd r&onfh xdo k El iS hf oHwrefa&;pum;vH;k tcif;tusi;f vnf; rvkyrf ad yr,fh xdv k u l pdwn f pfaeonfh q&m*sr;f rsuEf mS udk tvdu k rf od aemufxyf ta=umif;t&mwckukd qufajym aejyefonf? &mZmae0if;udk b,fvdk rsufpdaemufa=umif;/ b,fvdko¶kyfysuf a=umif;/ q&m wifr;kd pdwrf &Snaf wm@ “'Dr,farmif&if &mZmae0if;udk 'D ae@acwfvil ,fawG óudufw,f/ vli,fawGóuduf&if udk,fvnf; =unfhr&p&m ta=umif;r&Sdbl;/ rkef;p&mr&Sdbl;” ol@tawG;tac:u ¶dk;¶dk;uav;ESifh opfaeonf? “vli,fawG óuduf&if olu rkef;p&m ta=umif;r&S/d olvnf; óuduo f nf” wJh ESv;kH om;udk &Si;f &Si;f av; xkwjf yonf? 'ga=umifv h nf; ol@tdrfa&S@ wHwm;av;ay:rSm/ A'ifvdk@jzpfvmrnfh vli,fav;wa,muf taESmiftzGJ@rJh pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf vm*pfwmwD;+yD; wnvHk; tdyfzl;onf? vG,t f w d w f vH;k ESihf ðyH;ðyH;}uD; jynfoal wGukd vufbuf&nfqikd /f vrf;rrS qD;óudEw _ q f uf aeonfo h @l ukd tif;pdeaf wmifou l ek ;f u u&ifuvnf; cspo f nf/ c&pf,mefuvnf; cspo f nf? ol@&J@ bmomw&m;u uAsm ESifh ,Ofaus;r_jzpfaeawmh olu tukodkvf enf;onf? ÚÚÚÚ a[m æ naecif;&J@ ykZGefESpfa&mif ESif;qDwvHk; ausmukef;ay:u ðywfusoGm;ygyaum jyefawmh nDrav;&,f æ ighrSmawmh tar ay;vdkufwJh aq;vdyfawGudk zGm¶_duf&if;eJ@ abmfvHk;uGif;av;ab;rSm pufbD;uav;udk&yf+yD; ajrZmjrufuav;udk E_wfvdk@ æ cyfvSrf;vSrf; tusOf;axmifav;qDu cspfolaumifav; ay:vmrvm;vdk@ apmifhar#mf aeonfh aumifrav;wa,mufta=umif; udka&;zGJ@xm;onfh armif&Sifapm. uAsm uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

83

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ta=umif;udk &Gwfjywkef;u usaemfwdk@. aemufqHk;awG@qHkr_yJ jzpfvdrfhrnf? ol@orD; rrd k ; csKd o if ; u “azazuav &ef u k e f wuUodkvfxJu ausmif;om;or*~qD usr oGm;r,fhae@u oludk,fwdkif yifeDtusôav; 0wfay;+yD; um;*dwftxd vdkufydk@ay;cJhwm” uvD;,m;0gwmòrd@xJu udkoef;0if;tdrfrSm &J&&J if&h ifh twdwaf wG v_id ;f x+yD; jyefwufvm onf? tJ'aD e@u uAsmqufr&Gwjf zpf/ q&m pG r f ; ES i f h q&mwif r d k ; ES p f a ,muf p vH k ; u rEœav;tvGrf;ajy oDcsif;qdk&atmif wJh?

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q&m armifomEd;k u “udw k ifr;kd uAsmawGu Armjynfwek ;f u uAsmawGeŒJ trsm;}uD; ajymif;oGm;w,f” wJh usaemfu olŒpum;udk qufajym -unfch sifonf/ “rSew f maygh q&m&,f/ &Spaf v;vH;k rSm &J&aJ wmufr,fvŒkd xifxm;wJh ar#mfvifah ewJh q&m}uD;awGu xGurf vmbJ/ acwfukd ¶d;k ¶d;k av;awG;_yD; rw&m;r+ukd &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; qefŒusifjywJo h u l ‘q&mwifr;kd ’ jzpfaecJw h ,frŒkd vm; === &Jabmfw@kd +idr;f csr;f pGm pmoifa&; æ ay; æ ay;av tqift h wef;jrifah om ynma&; æ ay; æ ay;av ausmif;om; tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&; æ ay; æ ay;&rav æ ausmif;om;wyfOD; oDcsif;/ a&eHajr ta&;awmfyHkoDcsif;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; oDcsif;awG æ aEGOD;xJxdk;cGJ ysH0JaecJhonf? ol@pdwfu ausmif;om;or*~wyfOD; &Jabmf wcsKd@qD jyefa&mufaernf? wrm&GufawG 84

qef@usifa&; vl}uD;rif;odk@ paom uAsmrsm; tygt0if a&S@qifah emufqifh uAsmrsm; xGuf vmawmh wcsKd@u rSwfcsufay;=uonf? armf'efuAsmq&mawGu “q&mwifrdk;u usaemfwdk@xuf armf'ef jzpfaeygvm;” vdk@ aumufcsucf s=uonf? bDbDpD tifwmAsL;wckrSm q&m armif omEdk;u “udkwifrdk;uAsmawGu Armjynf wkef;u uAsmawGeJ@ trsm;}uD; ajymif;oGm; w,f” wJh usaemfu ol@pum;udk qufajym =unfch sio f nf/ “rSew f maygh q&m&,f/ &Spaf v; uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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85

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86

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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87

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88

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

89

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90

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91

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92

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93

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94

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95

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q&m}uD;OD;wifrdk;tm; tav;ðyyg.?

96

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

97

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98

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

99

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100

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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101

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102

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

103

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oPmrD;tdrf ESi;f cg;rd;k

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104

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&m*srf;udk vGr;f wJph m aexGwf q&mqHk;_yD-um;awmh usaemf,lusKH;r& jzpfvdkufwmq&m? aq;vdyfvnf;wdkvdkŒ aendKwJhtcsdef q&m tdrfudk rjyefEdkifawmhbl;aygh? vlxkwdkuf/ awmifav;vHk; r,fZ,fwef; rEœav;wuUodkvf/ avxefukef;/ tif;pdef aemuf æ e,l;a,mufaygh usaemfhpdwfawG tacgufacguf jyefa&mufoGm;&JŒ?

90 jynfhvGef aESmif;ydkif;ESpfawGuqdk OD;udkav;/ OD;-unfatmif b}uD;rdk;/ q&mpGrf; aemuf æ [dk; tif;pdefu q&m,Ofrif;ydkuf udk,f&HawmfwodkufeJŒ q&m*srf; vGrf;vdkufygbdawmh? q&m&,f æ q&mqHk;_yD -um;awmh usaemf,lusKH;r& jzpfvdkufwmav?

?Ô

(Zefe0g&D 22/ 2007) uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

105

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

avSwpif;eJŒ oDcsif;onf ‘wifr;kd ’ odŒk Aef;armf ndKEGJŒ vmvdkvSaomfvnf; b0awG tqifrajyvdkŒ ta0;ae rsuf&nfpawGeJŒ vGrf;&w,f ‘wifrdk;’ &,f? ygVdoufusrf;txGuf apwemu olrsm;rSm olŒtusKd;udky o,fydk;vdkŒ onfoabm&,f[k jrifhjrwf&m vlŒoabmudk ajym-uavw,f? avmu"Htxktaxmif;udkvnf; armif;wif&if; av#mhrjy,f xnf0gwJh armifhpdwful; apwem AsL[mqufvdkŒ vlom;twGuf av#mhrjy,f xnf0gwJh armifhpdwful;? av;vdkufwJh0ef armifhc&D; armifausyGefaygh woGefoGef tm;tifopfawGeJŒ vlom;tdrf csKd_rdefacwfudk vrf; qpf ay OD;? ? Ô

(olŒtcGifhta&; udk,fod = udk,fhtcGifhta&; olodaom urBmolurBmom; pdwf"mwf v$rf;ðcHaeonfh ‘wifrdk;’ odkŒ vGrf;qGwfvsuf) 106

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

t+y;D Zmwfvrf; rdk;rdk;ESif; tm;vkH;_yD;awmh toHawG wdwfpJoGm;awmhrSm tJ'Dtcg tcef;xJvJusefaewJh orD;ESif;udk wHcg;wdwfwdwfzGifh_yD; orD;av;jynfhjynfh ezl;udk tomerf;_yD; orD;av; aysmfvm;vdkŒ ar;rSm uJ tm;vkH;_yD;_yD arhvdkufawmh vm azazhpmzwf vufzuf&nfaomuf&atmifvdkŒ vufz0g;eDeDazmif;azmif;awGeJŒ nifompGm tjyifudkqGJac:rSm aysmfvm;vdkŒ t}udrf}udrfar;&if ijynfhu [kwfuJhazaz aysmfygw,fazazvdkŒ rsuf&nfpokwf_yD; &,farmjy&awmhrSm tJh'hDtcg rsufvkH;tpkH 0dkif;0dkif;av;awGu auseyfpGm ðyH;&,f_yD; uJ _yD;_yDvdkŒ pum;awG ajymawmhrSm? ? Ô t&rf;vGrf;wJh cspforD; ESif; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

107

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

{nfo h nf}u;D ÉDum rif;udEk ikd f aq;vdyfwdkrSm aendKrSmudk olóudajymcJhom; r[kwfvm;? ol[m tdrfuGif;rSm rygEdkifcJh 'gayr,fh b,fvdkrufvHk;awGaumif;aumif; b,fawmhrS toif;rajymif;cJh tJhovdk rm? olvGrf;wJhtcgqdk a[m [dkaemufaz; jcHpnf;¶dk;uae vmvmai;owJh? -urRm¶dkif;vuf-urf;}uD;u ykwfcsvdkufwJhtcg t&m&m w'*FòydvJ æ arSmifrnf; olŒ zefrD;tdrfav;uawmh ruGJ uJ æ 'Dtvif;eJŒyJ aq;vdyfwkdwdk aendKndKrSm olŒudk aemufqHk;ydkŒ-updkŒ? ? Ô

108

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

olŒrsufESmzdk;a&$v olŒtajymðyH;csKdjr olŒtoH tuf&S&S olŒpdwfxm; oumysm;? tnmarG; tnm}uD; uAsmrD;awmuf awmufav#mufudkifpGJ olŒtonf; &J&JeD b,folŒbufu &yfwnfovJ?

u,fvzD ;kd eD;,m; yef;acG rtd

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zefrD;tdrf&Sif wdkŒocif uAsmrSL; OD;!$wfylaZmf Ed+;acwf wyfawmfOD; aemufqHk; txl;wvnf zl;jrifcGifh&,frñuH uHukefjyefa&mhxifh oifha& æ oifhajr æ oifh&JabmfcspftaqG æ oifhwynfhwawG æ oifhrdwf æ oifnmwumrsKd; æ n‡Kd;i,fpdwfxm; wtm;avsmh&yga-umif; yk*Hausmif;u acgif;avmif;oH w&Hrvyf vGrf;"mwfrjy,f tdkb,fh b,f æ tkdb,fh uAsm ol&Jaumif;? ? Ô 109

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

wrmwef;od@k vGr;f uAsm armifpGrf;&nf wrmwef;awGeJŒ &Gmvrf;qDodkŒ jyefcsif_yD? 'dkŒtpfudk &Gmudkwrf; vGrf;uAsmpD? wa,mtdk acsmifóud-um;rSmv xm;&pfaygh aw;roD ai;&DvdkŒ pmrqHk;? aq;vdyf&,fwdk aendKcsdef tarSmif-um;qDodkŒ 'dkŒtpfudk b,fudkoGm;_yDvJh csKd;uloH xHwsmpum;awGeJŒ tjznfhcH um&efrsm;udk nDbGm;awG jznfhapzdkŒxm;cJhavovmh oGm;ESifhavOD;? ? Ô armifpGrf;&nf 2007 Zefe0g&D 23 (av,mOfay:rSm)

110

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

[dkbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef 'Dbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef 'dkŒtpfudk xGef;umn‡d vif;ygbd zefrD;tdrf?

zefrD;tdrf armifpGrf;&nf

zefrD;tdrf arSmifcsdefudk cGif;? arSmifav vif;av vif;xufvif;? rD;tdrf&Sif uG,fumaysmufayr,fh zefrD;tdrf xdefxdefawmufayvdrfh xdk;azmuf nwGif; rdk;aomuf vrif;? ? Ô armifpGrf;&nf 2007 Zefe0g&D 22 (wifrdk; uG,fvGefwJhaeŒ )

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

111

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

&Srf;±dk;rrSm jrLcdk;a0ae+yDaygh q&m armifvS0if; (jrif;jcH) tdk æ rD;tdrf&Sif jynf&Gmb0/ rdk;arSmifuscsdef zefrD;tdrfrS/ tvif;pESifh vrf;jyaeqJ/ az;ulqJrSm rD;pmvnf;u|rf;/ qDvnf;cef; pcef;r0ifawmh_yDavm? tdk æ oDcsif;onf {&me'DwGif;/ naecif;tcsdef aejcnfEkjzmqif; wdrfa&mifpHk obifusif;vdkŒ avnif;aqmf pnf;oHoGif;aeqJ avSwpif;eJŒ oDcsif;rnnf;awmh_yDavm? tdk æ tdyfrufocif pdrf;vef;aomtdyfruf _idrf;csrf;aom eDvmtdyfruf awmfvSefaom ywWjrm;tdyfruf tdyfrufuGef&uf/ jzefŒ-uuftvScif; rdk;rvif;rD tdyfruftaºuGapmcJh_yD?

112

wrmajrwrmwef;u i,fpOftcg wynfhwyef;wdkŒ oifvmvrf;udk apmifhóudaeqJ æ anmifndK&GufawG vuFmnnf; qnf;vnf;oHwcsKdcsKd aus;iSufawG aw;qdkqJrSm q&maendKcsdef apmcJh_yD? jynfolawGcspfwJh jynfcspfyk*~dKvfausmf AdkvfcsKyfausmfaZmtm; 0yfwGm;OD;cdkuf ylaZmfxdkufol ylaZmfrnf aumfa&mf*g&0 ðy&zdkŒ oifar#mf&nfqJ æ avomrdk;om/ vrf;yef;omcsdef vmcJhygrnf/ oifar#mf&nfqJ æ -urRmaoGznfoGm;cJh_yD? uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm rdk;ay:rSm -u,fawGaºuG ajray:rSm yef;awGaºuG ajrc aºuGus/ w&m;ocFg& vSyyef;yGihfjzL/ tusnf;wefo&zlOao#mif cspfolrkef;ol/ ESif;jzLrD;cJ rcGJrjcm;/ tm;vHk;tedpP pdwfu w&m;jyvnf; tpm;xdk;vdkŒ rvG,ful tzdk;wefolrdkŒ cspfcifolwdkŒ rsuf&nfpdkŒ&_yD? q&mvmv#if jrefrmqefqef/ q&mhxHyg; 0yfwGm;vuftkyfrdk; &Sdcdk;uefawmhrnf u|efawmfwdkŒ ar#mf&nfxm;cJh onf&nf&G,fcsufrsm; jrLrifyef;csDum;wcsyfvdk aq;om;ysufjy,foGm;cJh_yD? q&mvmv#if wrmyif&dyf/ xef;ndK&dyfESifh t&dyfxaemif;/ twdwfa-umif;udk jyefajymif;ajym-u/ vGrf;jrjrESifh wrf;w-urnf/ pdwfu&nfcJh? tnmajrvrf;/ wrmwef;udk q&mvGrf;cJh&Smvdrfhrnf?

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

yky`m;awmifxdyf wdrf&dyfndKcarmufaqmif;csdef tdrfudk&Gmudk q&mvGrf;&Smayvdrfhrnf awmifomacsmif;xJu oJjzLvGvG/ pdkjrjrajrcif; vuf,ufwGif;u/ a&csKdjrudk q&mwrf;w&Smvdrhfrnf tckawmh q&m[m ESif;qDyGifhay:rSm xm0& tdyfaysmfoGm;&Sm_yD? aq;vdyfvnf;wdk aevnf;ndKvdkŒ q&mtdk æ vufjyxGufcGmoGm;_yDaum? jrefrmhuEWm&ESpfrsm; q&mhuavmifzsm;u uscJhwJhrifpuf ESif;qDa&mif&J&Jvuf jynfolbufrSm xufjrwufºuG vSyuAsm/ ESif;qDyGifhrsm;pGm q&m[m awmfvSefpmqdkyg?

113

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

e&odefaxmiftwGif; tusOf;'%frr+ rif;&efudk tefwkcJh q&m[m jynfolŒpmqdkyg? taqmifaqmiftcef;cef; atmifpcef;atmifeef;awGeJŒ jynfolawG acgifjref;csdefa&muf&if oajyndKatmifyef;awG a0ayvdrfh jynfawmf0iftjyefvrf; u|efawmfwdkŒ twlwlvSrf;wJhtcg ‘yef;vufaqmif’ a0iS tðyH;jrjreJŒ aysmf-u&atmif ºuGcJhygOD; q&m?

yk*Hausmif;u acgif;avmif;oHwcsKdcsKd jynfolawG aw;qdkcsdefa&muf_yDqdk ‘xD;uav;eJŒreD’ vnf; rsufESm-unfjr/ 0if;yyeJŒ u&SmrSmaygh tvSqHk;tcsdefrSm uAsmawGwayGŒ/ pmawGwayGŒeJŒ u|efawmfwdkŒ æ jyefawGŒ-uOD;pdkŒ q&m “&Srf;±dk;ru jrLcdk;a0&if vGrfEdk;xvdkŒ ylrsKd;axGo&Sif” wJh uAsmtEGJŒ q&mzGJŒcJh? tckawmh æ cspfolcifolwdkŒ vGrf;p u|rf;apzdkŒ&m vGrf;rdk;usae_yDaum “&Srf;±dk;rrSm jrLcdk;a0ae_yDaygh q&m”? ? Ô 23 = 1 = 2007

114

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmavSmw f ufe@J orkN&m qef&o J l rGef'&m Zefe0g&D 22 2007 igwdkŒcspfwJh tvif;wdkif 0kef;ceJ ,dkifòydoGm; æ rsuf&nfvd+if;cwfoH yJhwifxyfoGm;w,f qdkayr,fh æ tJ'DaeŒ rkefwdkif;u awmfawmfajcoH vHkw,f? uAsm[m olŒtaoG;tom; olŒtaoG;tom;[m uAsm? 1980 rsm; [dk;ta0;u ‘tarhausmif;’ ‘rr00 xxu æ u}uD;u}uD; zdk;u}uD; æ pHy,fyGifhav; acgif;ay:wif æ’ cspfjcif;w&m; ESvHk;om;wpfpHkeJŒ tem*wfysKd;cif; -uJol O,smOfrSL;q&m æ uavmifwpfzuf ajrjzLwpfvufeJŒ uAsmpufawG &GmoGef;ay;cJh igwdkŒ&JŒq&m?

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

115

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ‘zefrD;tdrf’ tvif;n‡daumif;uifawmf ‘uEœm&ESpfrsm;’ tdkatppfwpfck jzpfcJhw,f ‘Ak'<ESifh awGŒqHkjcif;’ ewfvl om"kac:-uw,f? rdk;cg;a& b,favmufyJa0a0 vGifwD;acgif 'Dvrf;-urf;udkyJ ‘igquf xGef,ufr,f’wJh? rGef;wnfhaeatmuf jcpfjcpfawmuf u|rf;avmifcHcJhayr,fh arSmif&dyfcdk&rSm ig&SufowJh? tJ'Dvdk ,Hk-unfjcif; urf;yg;,Hxufu rm;rm;rwfrwf q&m æ a&jcm;ajrjcm; aeŒpGJwdkif;rSm a&a[mif;ajra[mif; ajc&ma[mif;wdkif; jyefajymif;vGrf;qGwf æ OD;!$wf wrf;wwwfol q&m?

q&mhoauFw ykqdk;eJŒvG,ftdwfuav; olwdkŒvnf; qGHŒqGHŒtt ±+dufidkae-uw,f? tdyfrufqdk;wpfckom jzpfygap æ -u,fawG b,favmufaºuGaºuG qkawmif;u rjynfhwwfawmh oef;acgufxuf nu ydkeufoGm;w,f? waendKcsdef aq;vdyfwdkcJh_yD b,fvdkyJ qdkqdkyg æ igwdkŒ&JŒ ESvHk;om;&wem ‘uAsmq&m wifrdk;’ b,fqDudk b,folu jyefydkŒvdkufvdkŒ&rvJ æ q&meJŒteD;qHk; tjzLa&mifcsKd;uav; tJ'Dvdk ul_yD; ajymoGm;w,f? ? Ô (q&m}uD; OD;wifrdk;odkŒ aemufqHk;*g&0)

116

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&m wifr;kd od@k æ rmrmat; y0gav;wp tomav;csa[hvkdŒ q&majymavwJh ESrat;u romawmif ta0;wajru rcsombl;/ zl;awGŒckduftdrftvmrSm tóuduftvkduf aq;±d+ufvnf; twlwl aw;-uLvnf; wwGJwGJ w[J[JeJŒ q&mh&,foH em;0,fv#HcJh jrifjyeftðyH; a'gif;±kyfzkH;wJhESvkH;om; a'gif;i,frsm;cspfol wifrkd;qkdwJh uAsmvla-umifh tyluvd+uf vlu±d+ufiif rsuf&nfpifESifh jrwf&SifAk'< olŒb0ajzmifhwef; _idrf;csrf;pdrfhiSm qkac|awmfrlygbk&m;? ? Ô rmrmat; 1/ 23/ 2007 *syefpHawmfcsdef 1;20

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

117

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&mwifr;kd odŒk æ armifeOD ;D rD;pmrukef qDrcef;wJh zefrD;tdrfxGef;n‡dcJhwm ESpf 40 -um arSmifolawG-um;xJrSm uAsmeJŒ tvif;aqmifaeolyg *g&0w&m;eJŒ OD;cdkuf ylaZmfvdkufygw,f? q&m æ q&m æ æ q&m æ æ æ ? ? Ô

118

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

rwdww f hJ rd;k armifrdk;[def;

onfrdk;[m arwWmrdk; æ opPmrdk; æ arwWmopPmawG jynfhv#HwJhrdk;? jrefrmudkvnf; 0if;yap? urBmudkvnf; at;jrap? jynfolcspfwJh rdk;?

EdkifiHcspfwJh rdk;? urBmcspfwJh rdk;? onfrdk;[m wjcm;r[kwf wdkŒ&JŒq&m ‘wifrdk;’ rwdwfwJhrdk;? ? Ô cspfcif-unfndKpGmjzifh nDi,f armifrdk;[def; om; *sme,fausmf 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

119

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&m*srf;odŒk uAsmvGr;f armif[efwif ±+dufidk&if; æ oli,fcsif;ajym&Sm? q&m*srf; æ qHk;_yDuGmwJh? wevFmaeŒ&JŒ reuf &Spfem&D omom?

Armjynfu æ reDcrsm? ausmif;vnf; r&Sdao;yg? ryef;jzLvnf; xD;r&Sd? uAsmr&SdwJh {&m0wD ar"m0D&ŒJ aA'g&D æ vdk aeeD aeqkwf rdk;}uD;csKyf bl;ñuyfav;xJ æ a&rvm? cspfolwdkŒum; toufwdk-u. (wifrdk;) qdkwmvm; -um;c% omref wu,fus rcHEdkifygbl; q&m?

120

q&mhaus;Zl; ezl;rSm wifrdk; OD;wifrdk;udk wifrdk;uefawmh æ vdkufygw,f? wdkif;jynfudkvGrf;wJh q&m*srf;Zmenf Armjynfomru/ urBmuyg vGrf;yg&JŒ? a'gif;udkcspfwdk;/ q&mrdk; &Sdcdk;uefawmh tdyfygawmh _idrf;at; edAŠmefaw; æ? ? Ô

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&m}u;D OD;wifr;kd odŒk æ vSrGef (rHk&Gm) ‘q&m’ w,fvDzkef;xJuvdk ‘a[’vdkŒ rxl;Edkifawmh ‘at;’vdkŒvnf; rqdk ‘[J æ [J æ [J’ vdkŒvnf; r&D aemufjzpfawG rajym a&SŒjzpfudkvnf; ra[m waomaom pum;awGrqdk ±kwfw&uf E+wfqufoGm;w,f usaemf b,fvdkajz&rvJ q&m æ &,f?

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

rd;k &Gm&Gm aeylyl xD;trnf;}uD;wacsmif;eJŒ vG,ftdwfudk wyfrufpGmvG,f&if; ykqdk;wdkwkd/ yifwkdufyHkeJŒ q&m0dnmOfuav; bGJŒESif;obif cef;ra&SŒrSmvm;/ yk*Hvrf;xdyfu ca&wef;xJrSmvm;/ uHhaumfyifwef;atmufu cHkwef;uav;rSmvm;/ vSnf;wef;aps;xdyfu vufzuf&nfqdkifrSmvm;/ ‘q&mpdkif;atmif0if;’ &JŒ usL&Sifcef;rxJu jrefrmpm *k%fxl;wef; xJrSm ‘c/ */ i’ eJŒ ‘'/ y/ 0’ “ajcmufvHk; armufarmufcs æ”vdkŒ qdk_yD; pmawG oifaewmvm;/ bm;vrf;u vufzuf&nfqdkifrSmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf avxefukef;rSmvm;/ 33 vrf;xJu pmtkyfqdkifawGrSmvm;/ raocsm ra&&mcJhayr,fh aocsmwm wckuawmh q&m odyfcspfwJh trd ‘jrefrmEdkifiH’ udkawmh ta&mufjyefrSm aocsmw,f? ?Ô rdom;pkeJŒ xyfwlxyfr# razmfjyEdkifaom 0rf;enf;a-uuGJr+rsm;pGmjzifh cspfwynfh vSrGef (rHk&Gm) 121

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

igwdŒk taz uAsmpmqdk av;av; (wdu k sKd) uAsmppfol}uD;&,fvdkŒ pmzJGŒcJhygwJh tdkuJGŒ æ cspf&ygaom tazuAsmq&m olŒuAsm olŒpmawGrSm xD;uav;eJŒ reDvnf;yg zefrD;tdrfydkif&Sifqdkwm ar;p&mrvdkygbl; wdkŒjrefrmpmayawmrSm uAsmu0d&,fvdkŒ vlwumod-uygw,fav; æ? wrmawGayg tnmwa-umu xaemif;yiftdkudk cspfwJh ‘b*srf;’trnfwGif&pfr,fh igwdkŒtazuAsmpmqdkudk uHw&m;&,fu ajcoHyifr-um;vdkuf& qdkif;rqifhAHkryg ±kwfjcnf;&,f ay:vm aemifwrvGefoHo&mudk ac:aqmifum oGm;_yDuJGŒav; æ?

122

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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q&m}uD;OD;wifrdk;odkŒ *g&0ðyvsuf ae&defausmf (odkŒr[kwf ) vif;aEG;tdrf 24/ 1/ 07

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

123

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124

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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125

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

&dk;om;jzLpifr+eJΠtaumif;jrifpdwfudk t&if;cH? EdkifiHeJΠvlrsKd;tusKd; wwfpGrf;or# olo,fydk;?

tpOfrn‡Kd ;wJh (OD;) wifr;kd 0if;!GefŒ

udk,fusKd;pD;yGm; *k%frme jrLr+efwpr# olrpOf;pm;? tv#Hy,fwJh arwWmw&m; aemufqHk;tcsdefxd olxm;oGm;? ,lwmr&dS ay;zdkŒomod jrifhjrwfolwdkŒ&JŒ avmueDwd? vlom;qefwJh olŒESvHk;om; usef&pfolrsm; rk'dwmyGm;?

?Ô

01 =24 = 07 vlŒb0c&D;udk ±dk;om;r+eJŒ avmuudk taumif;jrifpdwfjzifhoGm;zdkŒ q&m}uD; OD;wifrdk;&JŒ qHk;rpum;udk &if0,fxm;_yD; q&mh trSwfw&tjzpf a&;zGJŒygonf?

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

127

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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tbdk; odkŒ æ a[refoZif

128

tbdk;arsmfrSef; ompcef;wJh ta0;uae arG;&majrudk vGrf;rsuf&nfeJŒ vGrf;aw;azmfwJh tbdk;&JŒ uAsm 'DwpfcgrSmawmh ajr;awGzwf&if; vGrf;aiGŒa0/ b0rSm rcHpm;EdkifwmawGudk cHEdkif&nf&SdzdkŒ wcgwav "mwf-urf;wdkufzdkŒ vdkowJh &kwfw&uf E+wfrqufbJ okwfceJ xGufoGm;wJh tbdk; tm;vkH;twGuf "mwf-urf;rsm; wdkufcJhavovm;? ? Ô (01/28/2007) uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

E_wfqufjcif; atmifa0; oHk;q,fhoHk;vrf;/ naecsrf;rSm vGrf;wJhtvGrf;u ‘prf; &JŒ *srf;’? yk*Hausmif;u acgif;avmif;oH wdwf/ va&mifodyfawmh tdyfaysmfygawmh ‘rdk; eJŒ prf;’? ? Ô atmifa0; jrefrmEdkifiHuAsmq&m 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

129

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

ppftm%m}uD;pdk; acwfqdk; acwfusyf atmufrSm zdESdyfr+udk rkef; Adkvfusr+udk rkef; rw&m;r+udk rkef; ta&yg;r+ukd rke;f typftowfudk rkef; ppfzdeyfudk rkef; trkef; awmtkyf v+yfaeaom opf&Gufw&Guf awmfvSefa&;udk ayGŒzuf b0[m av;eufvSygw,f? b0[m uAsmqef_yD; uAsmrSm opPmESHol olŒb0 olŒuAsm olŒtcspf olŒtrkef; olŒtvGrf; olŒyef;awG ArmjynfrSm rvGifhraºuG yGifha0aerSm taotcsm?

(25 = 1 – 2007)

?Ô 131

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

wifr;kd (odr@k [kw)f ordik ;f 0if trsKd;om;uAsmpmqdk atmif0ef; (e,fomvef) -u,faºuGaomfvnf; olraºuG? yef;aºuGaomfvnf; olraºuG? ol[m h h h jynfolŒpmqdk -u,fvdkvnf; vif; yef;vdkvnf; oif;jr?

jynfolawG&JŒb0 olŒ&JŒb0?

'gayr,fh æ -u,faºuGaomfvnf; olraºuG?

jynfolawG&JŒawmfvSefa&; olŒ&JŒawmfvSefa&;?

yef;aºuGaomfvnf; olraºuG æ ol[m jynfolŒpmqdk jynfolawG&JŒ bufom; 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;ol?

ol (wifrdk;) [m raºuG ol rao æ jynfolawG&JŒ ESvkH;om;rSm xm0& ae? ?

w&m;r#wr+udk vdkvm;ol trSefw&m;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifol jrefjynfolawG&JΠrdwfaqG? 132

jynfolawG&JŒ &ifckefoH olŒ&JŒ &ifckHoH?

(trsKd;om;uAsmpmqdkq&m}uD; OD;b*srf;tm; TuAsmjzifh OD;!Gwf*k%fðytyfygonf) uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

133

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134

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

135

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

136

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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‘ypPn;f rh.

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137

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rD;pmrukef qDrcef;wJ‘h zefr;D tdr’f xGe;f ndc‡ w hJ m tESpaf v;q,f=um/ arSmifoal wG=um;xJ rSm uAsmeJ@tvif;aqmifaeolyg æ æ *g&0w&m;eJ@OD;cdkuf ylaZmfvdkufygw,f æ æ q&m æ æ q&m æ æ q&m ?

'Dae@ jrefrmpmaycspjf rwfE;kd olawG&@J &ifxrJ mS tvGe}f u;D rm;wJh ‘qlemrD’ivsiv f i_d ;f wpfcek @J ñuHóuduv f u kd &f +yD? q&m(OD;)wifrdk;vdk yk*~dKvfrsKd; wrsKd;om;vHk;u xm0&owd&ae=uvdrfhr,f? ? q&mhudk cspfcifav;pm;wJh pma&;q&mwpfOD;

ñuH&r,freS ;f odayr,fh æ æ tm;vH;k awG@q/kH qHpk nf;/ pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k &S=d uwJt h csed rf mS rS =um;&r,fvkd@ ,HkcJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh æ wu,fhtcsdef/ wu,fh &moDOwk jyif;xefcsdefrSm rdk;óud;xpfovdk =um;vdkuf&wJhowif;a=umifh txl;a=uuGJ0rf;enf;&ygw,f? ‘cspfcifolwdk@ taoapmavpG/ æ æ’ vdk@ q&majymcJhovdkygyJ? apmvSavjcif; æ æ q&m&,f? ? ql;iSuf 138

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ‘cspfolwdk@ oufwrf;wdkvS.’ æ wJh? q&moHk;cJhwJh pum;av;udk q&mhtwGuf usr jyefoHk;yg&ap? ±dk;om;at;csrf;jzLpif+yD;/ tnmom;p±dkuf tjynfh&Sdaomq&m at;csrf;&m jrifhjrwf&m bHkb0rSm a&muf&Sdr,fvkd@ tºuGif;rJh,Hk=unfygw,f q&m? ? twdkif;tqr&Sdaom 0rf;enf;jcif;jzifh æ æ pma&;q&mrwpfOD;

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150

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155

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25/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

aq;vdyfrwdk aerndKcif q&mhudk jyefydk@=u&yg+yD? ? armifwifopf

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157

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28 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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167

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171

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q&m*sr;f vmvrf;udk jyef=unfhp&mrvkdatmif ordkif;a=umif; aumif;cJholyg? ?

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24 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

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q&m*srf;a& æ usaemfh&JŒ 4 vt&G,f ajr;uav;udk q&mhuAsmawGeJ@ acsmhodyfaewkef;rSm q&mcspfwJh uav;i,fawG&JŒ avmuopfudk rapmifhEdkifbJ vrf;cGJoGm;cJhwmygvm;? tJ'DhuAsmawGeJ@twl q&mh0dnmOf qufvuftouf&SifaerSmyg? ? q&mcspfwJh vuf&if;wynfh armifpdk;0if; &Jrd+if; (ppfudkif;) 24/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 174

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b,fawmhrS rarhEdkifwJh armifarmifcif 176

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OD;*srf; aumif;&mok*wd a&muf&Sdygap? armifrdk;[def; 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 q&m}uD;wifr;kd rd;k xdatmif todtwwfynmawGukd tzd;k wefwhJ vlom;awGukd ay;a0cJv h @kd auseyfygw,f? ? aomif;óudif &Gmrtaemuf&yfuGuf 25/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

bbOD;wifrdk; tazwpfa,muf xyfqHk;&_H;oGm;ovdk a=uuGJrqHk;yg æ?

OD;crf;Adkvfrdom;pk 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

177

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rkef;olwdk@ touf&SnfI cspaf omolw@kd oufwrf;wd=k uonf? ? udk}uD; prf;acsmif; 10 D

tbOD;wifr;kd tb&JΠtrSwfw& ae&mrsKd;ay:vmapzdk@udk tb&JΠwynfhwpfOD;taeeJ@ vHk;0 ar#mfvifhvsufyg? ? armifcsKd; 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 178

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm rdk;}uD; Armjynfudk odyfjyefcsifwmyJ æ Armjynfudk odyfvGrf;wmyJ æ wJh? rdk;}uD;ajymwJhpum;awGa=umifh ESif; æ Armjynfu rxGufjzpfwmyg? aus;Zl;wifygw,f? ? rdk;}uD; 0dnmOf vGwfvyfpGm ysHEdkifygap? a&$ularESif; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m}uD; a&;cJhwJhuAsmawGxJu uAsmav;wyk'fudk oli,fcsif;awGxJ r#a0ay;+yD;cJhyg+yD? ? odef;at; 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

tazwpfa,muf qHk;±H_;ovdkygyJ?

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179

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q&mhudk jynfolawGeJ@twl xm0& wefzdk;xm; owd&aerSmyg? qefeD tif;pdef 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

vlom;awGtwGuf tvif;a&mifawG trsm;}uD;ay;EdkifcJhygw,f q&m}uD; æ æ udkrsKd;jrifh tnmom; 10 D Group tif;pdef 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 180

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm uAsmrao/ q&mrao uAsmrqHk; q&mrqHk; uAsmawG pmayawG &Sdaeor# q&m &dSaeygonf?

ESpfa,mufr&Sd/ tdk æ u0d b,fvdkajym&rSef; rodatmifcHpm;rd æ æ wynfh jrefrmpmwpfOD; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&mhudk tar vlxka':trmvdk touf&Snfapcsifw,f? q&mhqDu tawG;/ tvkyf/ tajym tm;vHk;[m usaemfwdk@vdk EdkifiHa&;oiform;rsm;twGuf ‘pdefyGifh’awGygyJ?

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ESajrmwo av;pm;pGmjzifh udkudk}uD; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf '*kHòrdŒopfòrdŒe,f?

27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 aºuGvGifhoGm;wJh ‘zefrD;tdrf’&Sifodk@ æ txl;ESajrmwor_rsm;jzifh rif;[ef 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

181

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Moat Thone

27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 tdrfudkvmv#if avSum;xpfrS udkudk@"mwfyHkudk tav;รฐy+yD;rS tdrfxJ0ifwwfwJh q&m}uD; tck q&m}uD;tdrfudk u|efawmfvmwm q&m}uD;udk tav;vmรฐywmyg? ? okwnD

igw@kd taz vrf;jycJh+yD รฆ udkarmif

q&m*sr;f aumif;&mok*wdbHkrS apmifhaeyg? atmifyGJudk ac:vmcJhr,f? ? xdkuf 182

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m}uD;&JΠjzLpifvSwJhapwemw&m;eJ@ &dk;pif;vSwJhoabmw&m;awGeJ@ uAsmrsm;pGmudk tvSjc,fa&;zGJ@EdkifcJhwmudk *k%fjyKvsufyg? vlaoayr,fh uAsm b,fawmhrS raoyg? ? udkudkatmif 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

‘csppf &maumif;wJq h &m’ ‘jrifhjrwf’wJhae&mrSm &SdaerSm æ rcsKd

q&m}uD;udk rjrifzl;cJhayr,fh q&m}uD;&JΠay;wJhynm trsm;}uD;odcJh&wJh aus;Zl; q&m}uD;udk tjrJarhrSm r[kwfbl;qdkwmESifhtwl q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wd vm;ygap? ? aemftkef;vS arSmfbD q&m a=uuGJ0rf;enf;rqHk;yg?

?

jrifhat; HRDP

28/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

183

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q&m}uD;*srf; jynfolawG vdkvm;wJhyef;wdkifodkΠta&mufcsDwuf qufvufxrf;aqmifoGm;r,fvdkΠq&m}uD;tdrfrS 0rf;enf;pGm a&;om;vdkuf&ygw,f? ? atmifoefΠ184

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185

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m*srf; (q&mwifrdk;) q&m&JŒuAsmawG[m ausmif;paepOfxJu uav;awGudk oif=um;ay;cJhwmyg? q&mh&JŒ wdkif;jynftay:rSm cspfwJhpdwf/ jynfolvlxktay:rSm cspfwJhpdwf/ 'Drdkua&pDtay:rSm jrwfEdk;wJhpdwfawG[m u|efawmfwdkŒtaejzifh tvGefav;pm;+yD; wefzdk;xm;ygw,f? q&mh&JŒpdwf"mwfudk tjrJwrf; av;pm;OD;!Gwf*k%fðyvsuf æ cifarmif0if; ykZGefawmif 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 q&m[m awmfvSefa&;&JŒjy,k*fjzpfw,f? q&m&JŒtEkynm[m awmfvSefa&;jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh æ q&meJ@ awmfvSefa&;[m xm0&vufwGJazmf oef;Edkif awmifwGif;}uD; zefrD;tdrf (odk@) q&mwifrdk;odk@ urBmt}udrf}udrf yGifhcJhr,fqdk&ifawmif aemufwzef æ uAsmq&mtjzpf q&m&ygapom; æ aeyefOD; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 186

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm cspfp&maumif;wJh q&m æ q&mu vlawGudk cspf/ vlawGuvnf; q&mhudk cspf/ 'ga=umifh æ axmifoHk;cgjyef arG;pm;orD;rSwqifh q&mhxv H ñl uHyg;vdu k w f phJ mxJrmS ‘cspfp&maumif;wJhq&m’ vd@k E_wcf eG ;f qufcw hJ myg? tJ'Dhpmudk q&mzwf&if; rsuf&nfawG &pf0JpD;usw,fvdk@ arG;pm;orD;&JŒcifyeG ;f arG;pm;om; 96 u u|efawmfhxH ta=umif;=um;cJhw,f? q&mhtonf;u rmvGef;ayr,fh q&mhESvHk;om;u vl@ESvHk;om; ppfvGef;avawmh zGJ@zGJ@EGJ@EGJ@ ra&;wwfwJh u|efawmfh&JŒ ‘'Jh’ pm[m q&mhtwGuf tEkynm ajrmufoGm;+yDudk;?

q&m u|efawmf jynfya&mufcdkuf q&meJ@u|efawmf zkef;vdkif;ay:rSm qHk=uawmh q&mu u|efawmfhudk awmif;yefcw hJ ,f? q&m &efukefutxGuf avqdyaf &mufawmh u|efawmfhudk t&rf;owd&w,f?

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187

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'DawmhrS ol@udk owd&vdkufw,f?

Zmwfq&m jzpfaewmudk;? qufwu kd yf gyJ olu cyfokwfokwfajymw,f? q&mwifrdk; qHk;oGm;+yD’ wJh? ‘q&mwif u|efawmhfem;xJ rdk;óud;ypfoGm;w,f? “[m æ [,f æ tm; æ” tJ'Dvdk u|efawmftHhtm;oifh+yD; “Asm æ Asm æ ”qdkwJh pum;ESpfvHk; u|efawmhfE_wfrS ckefxGufoGm;w,f? olu xyf+yD; pum;wpfvHk;csif; atmfajymw,f? “q æ &m æ wif æ rdk; æ qHk; æ oGm; æ +yD vkypf &m&Sw d mvky”f

188

vufvSrf;rDor# q&mha&mif;&if;awGqD u|efawmf csufcsif; zkef;qufta=umif;=um;cJhw,f? tm;vHk;[m u|efawmhfvdkyJ ‘a&Smch ’f jzpfuek =f uw,f? “[,f” æ“[m” æ “tm;” wpfa,mufaomolqu D kd u|eaf wmftajy;oGm;+yD; ajymjyawmh “wu,f[kwf&JŒvm;wJh” q&mqHk;wmudk olu r,HkEdkifbl;? r,Hkcsifbl;/ vufrcHEdkifbl;? vufrcHcsib f ;l ? “tajz&cufvu kd w f m”vk@d u|efawmf nnf;vdkufawmh olu u|efawmfhvufudk zrf;qGJ&if; yHkvsufvJusum [D;av;wdkuf idkcsygawmhw,f? u|efawmfvnf; rsuf&nfrxdef;Edkifbl; q&m? u|eaf wmfw@kd [m vl@Ev S ;kH om;ppfppfe@J vlvyk af e=uwmuvm;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m “q&mta0;a&mufaecdu k f u|efawmf[m q&mhudk,fpm; q&mhuav;awG&JŒrdbyg” vdk@ q&mhudk u|efawmfajymcJhw,f? uwday;cJw h ,fayg?h u|eaf wmhu f wdukd u|eaf wmf wnfap&r,f q&m? tjcm; tjcm;aom q&mha&mif;&if; awG[m tajctaeray;vdk@om u|efawmfhvdk uwdray;Edkif=uwmyg wu,fawmh olwdk@tm;vHk;[m q&mhuav;awGukd orD;rsm;ozG,f/ ESrrsm;ozG,f rvGJaocsm apmifha&Smuf=urSmyg? pdwfomcs q&ma& æ?

q&m ed*Hk;csKyftaeeJ@ u|efawmf tr#a0yghr,f? txl; tm&Hkðyygq&m? “u|eaf wmf. 'geukov kd /f oDvukov kd /f bm0emukodkvf/ EdkifiHa&;ukodkvf æ tp&SdwJh aumif;r_ukodkvf tpkpw k @kd ukd vlawGcsp=f uwJh q&m*srf; (ac: ) q&mwifrdk; rvGrJ aoG &ygap[k tr#a0vdu k yf gonf? ac:avom"k om"k æ om"k æ om"k ac:apaomf? ? q&mha&mif;&if; 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

189

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ordkif;pmrsufESmrS '%f&mrsm; “t±l;iaygufawGudk 'l;raxmuf=ueJ@a[h” qdkwJh uAsmpmom;awG[m tm%m&SifawGudk tjrpfjzwf awmfvSefzdk@ usaemfhtwGuf wu,fh ‘tm;’ awGygyJ q&m}uD;?

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q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygap? udkausmfEdkif ("mwfyHkeJŒ AGD'D,dk) awmifwGif;}uD;òrdŒ?

27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 q&m q&maooGm;awmh q&meJ@twl 'Drdkua&pDw&m;yGJawG/ rJatmifEdkifa&;wdk@u q&m ajymcJhwJh a[mcJhwJh w&m;awG[m tckcsdeftxd u|efawmfwdk@ a&eHacsmif;ol a&eHacsmif;om; awG&JŒ&ifxJ tjrJxm0& usefcJhygw,fq&m? ? tpOfxm0& av;pm;aeqJ omcsKd a&eHacsmif; q&m q&muG,v f eG o f mG ;ayr,fh 'DaEGrSm ik ESifh ydawmufóudifonf 'DarrSm ‘pk’ESifh carmufEdkif+yD qdkwmwdk@ jynfolawG arhae=urSm r[kwfygbl;q&m?

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tpOfav;pm;vsuf cif0if; bl;u|ef;&Gm a&eHacsmif;òrdŒ 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 190

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m uAsmawGe@J aysmaf ecJh q&mhuAsm q&mhpmonf jrefrm&eH@ oif;ysH@ar$;jr vStºuG&?G jrefrmuAsmq&m jrefrmudck spv f suf ESyd pf ufo@l '%f rcHomay a0;ajr&yfjcm; q&moGm;I qH;k yg;cJ+h yD? q&mqHk;vnf; "m;rokOf;yg q&mhuAsm q&mxHY jynf&mG tES@H c&D;jyef@vsuf oif;ysH@jr? ? udkoef;atmif a&eHacsmif;

ysm;wdk@onfrcsKd r_dwdk@onf rayguf ,mwdk@onf ajcmufukef.? uEœm&ESprf sm;udk cGyfa'gif;rmefeJ@ jzwfoef;cJhwJhq&m acgif;avmif;oHcsKd prf;a&vdkat;wJh t*~bHkrSm 'Drdkua&pD atmifarmif;oHudk em;pGiEhf iS yhf gq&m? em;pGifhESifhyg æ &mZmearmif awmifwGif;}uD;

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

191

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axG;jrifh 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 pdrf;wJhajrodk@ jyefvmcJhygq&m?

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armifrsKd;oefŒ awmifwGif;}uD; q&mh&JŒpm/ uAsmawG avv_dif;u q&mh&JŒtoHawG tm;vHk;[m jrefrm&eH@awGeJ@yg? jrefrmqdkwm r[kwfrcHwJhvlrsKd; &nfrSef;csuf cH,lcsufudk toufeJ@vJ umuG,fwwfwJh vlrsKd;yg? q&m[m wu,fhjrefrmppfppfyg? ? ausmfaqG awmifwGif;}uD; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 u|efawmfwdk@&JŒ uAsmol&Jaumif;}uD;udk t+rJwrf;trSwfw& &Sdae=uvsuf txl;0rf;enf;jcif;rsm;pGmeJ@ cGJcGmcJh+yD? ? q&m}uD;&JŒwynfh wyfOD;v 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 192

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m qHk;yg;oGm;+yD æ wJh? &ifxJrSm qdk@epfa=uuGJw,fqdk em;vnfcHpm;vdkuf&ygw,f?

90 jynfhESpfu a&eHacsmif;ajrrSm xm;cJhwJhq&mhpum;awG[m æ jynfov l x l u k kd trSew f &m;udk tEkokckrudk æ yDyDjyifjyif xifusefcJhwm[m æ q&mhordkif;xJu rSwfwdkiftjzpf rSwfrdaerSmyg trSefyg? ? q&mhudk ±dkaoav;pm;pGmjzifh jrifhaiG a&eHacsmif; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m}uD;udkb*srf; ynmudk wefzdk;rxm;wwfwJh ppftpdk;&a=umifh ynm&Sifwpfa,muf wdkif;wyg;rSm uG,fvGefcJh&jcif;? usef&pfwJht±dk;awmif udk,fhajrrSmrxm;&wJhb0udk &ifemrdw,f? 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh jynfolawG&JŒ ESvHk;tdrfrSmawmh xm0&jr‡KyfESHxm;+yD;cJhyg+yD?

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udkat;Edkif '*HkòrdŒopf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

193

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm od@k q&m æ u|efawmfwdk@ æ q&meJ@ roifcJh rjrifcJhzl;ygbl;? odk@ayr,fh q&m æ rdk;a&wufa& wazG;azG;=um;rSm }uD;jyif;&SifoefvmcJh=uwJh u|efawmfwdk@eJ@q&m æ uGif;us,fta0;a0; æ vdk a0; æ a0; æ rSmaecJh=u&vdk@ v,fapmifhwJuav; ajcwH&Snfovdk æ udk,fhtdrfudk,fjyefcsifwJhq&m v,fapmifhwJuav;&JŒ ajcwHvdkyJ vnfwHawGrsm; &SnfcJhava&mhovm; æ? rdk;ukyfatmufrSmae æ qdkvdk@ u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk; wpfrdk;wnf;atmufrSmawmh twlw&l cdS =hJ uyg&ŒJ ? odk@ayr,fh u|efawmfwdk@wdkif;jynfrSm =umeDwpfyGifh jzLwpfyGifh æ wJeJ@yeHwifhEdkifzdk@ u|efawmfhwdk@ æ quf æ quf vkyf=u&OD;r,fq&m æ cH,lcJhaom q&mhwynfhwpfOD; eDrdkvd+if (,rif;vd+if) Member of NLD

29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

cspaf omq&mod@k q&mqHk;+yD qdkwJhpum; ±kww f &uf=um;&wm vGrf;p&meJ@ wkefv_yf tm;i,f+yD; rv_yfcsifbl;? tvif;rS ra&mufao;bl;? tdyfrufqdk; rufovdkyJq&m æ?

194

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cspfaomq&m wynfhwpfOD; uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm bb*srf; oZifxdkufqdkwJhemrnf bbay;cJhwmyg? bbay;cJhovdk oZifvdkyJ jrifhjrifhrm;rm;rSm &yfwnf+yD; xdkufwefwJhvlwpfa,mufjzpfatmif óud;pm;yghr,f? bb[m Ekid if t H wGuf jrefrmjynfoal wGtwGuf vli,fawGtwGuf Edi_ ;f qr&wJh qH;k ±_;H r_ }uD;yg? orD;wdk@ wufvli,fawGtm;vHk; óud;pm;=u&if bbvdkcsifwJhb0 &EdkifrSmyg? bbudk vGrf;w,f? bb zkef;ajymwJhtoH ckxd=um;a,mifrdw,f? orD;wdk@&ifxJrSm bb*srf;qdkwm b,fawmhrS n‡dK;EGrf;jcif;r&SdwJh &Sifoefjcif;opfyifygyJ? oZifxdkuf 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

touft&G,rf mS omru ynmt&mrSmyg æ tpfudk}uD;ozG,fjzpfaom tpfudk}uD; q&mwifrdk;udk tpOftjrJ owd&wrf;wvsufyg? ? wuUodkvfbmomjyefXme vkyfazmfudkifzuf 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&mwifrdk;udk vGrf;w,f?

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195

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ckawmh b,fawmhrSr}uD;wJhrif;u qkH;+yD æ? owif;XmeawGu ighudk wpfckckajymygqdkawmh igh rif;&JŒ {nfhonf}uD;uAsmav;udkyJ &Gwv f u kd yf gw,f? aq;vdyv f nf;wdk aevnf;ndK+yD ighudk jyefydk@=uygav qdkwJh uAsmav? rif;jyefcsifwJh jrefrmjynfudk rif;jyefra&mufvmEdkifawmhygvm;uGm? 'gayr,fh rif;&JŒuAsmpdw"f mwf uAsm0dnmOf trsK;d om;a&;pdw"f mwfuawmh jrefrmjynf tESH@ &moufyef v$rf;ðcHaerSmyg oli,fcsif;? ? rif;&JŒoli,fcsi;f rif;tjrJac:wJh armifpdefqdkwJh armifrdk;ol 26/ 1/ 07

Dear U Tin Moe, It was a wonderful occasion to meet you in Brussels, when you just arrived in Europe.

Unfortunately I did not have the opportunity to meet you again.

I am still looking forward through to read more of your writing.

Yours sincerely, T. Kramer 29.01.07

q&m*sr;f tjrJowd&aeygw,f?

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q&m*sr;f tif;pdef [D;Edk;*dwf One Tea vufzuf&nfqdkifu naeydkif;av;awGudk owd&rdw,f q&m*srf;&,f? ? udkjrifhaqG tif;pdef

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?

Robert

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q&m aumif;&mok*wda&mufygap? udkaZmfrif;ausmf š rcifav; NLD Youth

q&mwifr;kd iSm;r& 0,fr& tpm;xdk;r&onfrSm uAsmq&mhESvkH;om; TESvkH;om;ydkif&Sif q&mhtm; ±dkaopGm *g&0ðyyg.?

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i,fi,fav;uwnf;u &if;ESD;cifrifcJh&wJh OD;OD;wifrdk; OD;OD;wifrdk;&JΠtem*wfordkif;[m tpOfvSaerSmyg?

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tHhbG,fausmf 29/ 1/ 2007

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q&mhudk *k%fðyzdk@awmh u|efawmhrSm tqifhrDwJhpmom; wykdif;wpawmif &Smvdk@r&awmhyg? wrvGerf mS *DwoHeJ@ om,mEdkifygapvdk@?

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&ma& tjrJwrf; q&mhordkif;u xifusefae&pfyghr,f æ æ aewifjrifh q&mrdk; rEœav;uAsmq&mxJrSm av;pm;&wJhtxJrSm q&mygygw,f? q&m=unf / q&mud k a v;wd k @ eJ @ xyf w l av;pm;&wJ h q&mqk H ; yg;wm tvG e f 0rf;enf;rdygw,f q&m? ? !GefŒopf

O,smOfrLS ;uawmh aºuGviG o hf mG ;cJyh g+yD? 'gayr,fh yef;rsm;uawmh xm0pOf zl;yGiahf 0jrJygy?J udkajzmifh (&Gmwef;&Snf) 29/ 1/ 07

Sayagyi Moe An irreplaceable loss to Myanmar literary world!

Nyunt Wai Moe 29.1.2007

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm To family of U Tin Moe He was a treasure for the people of Burma and the world. His words inspire us and his actions move us to act. He lives on in our hearts – a hero.

Jeremy Woodrum

‘edAŠmefodk@ a&muf&ef ocsõKif;aygif;rsm;pGmudk ausmfjzwf&ef 0efrav;awmh+yD’ wJhvm;? q&ma&;cJh awG;cJhovdk cGx J m;&pfc+hJ yDayg?h wcgwcg aojcif;w&m;[m vlrSm;ac:wwfovm;? r,kcH siaf yr,fh q&m wu,fuG,fvGefcJh+yD wJh? q&mhtwGuf trSwfw&pum; usaemfE_wfzsm; qGH@ t ae&JŒ? tvGrf;ajy rwJhvm; awG;rdwdkif; tvGrf;u ydkydkaeygw,f? ? atmifausmfxGef;/ qkqkarmif q&m ZmwdaoG;/ ZmwdrmefuvGJvdk@ bmrmefrmerS r&Sd? yuwd ±kd;&Sif;wJh q&mh&JŒ uAsm/ q&mh&JŒpmawG/ q&mhar#mfrSef;csufawG usaemfwdk@ wdkif;jynfrSm vufawG@jzpfxGef;vmwJhtxd wwfEdkifor# óud;yrf;oGm;ygr,fvdk@ uwdðyvdkufygw,f q&m? q&maumif;&mok*wdrSm uAsmawG pmawGeJ@ qufvufaysmfEdkifygap? ? bdkvSwifh uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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pmuAsmrsm;rSru q&m}uD; ajymqdv k y_ &f mS ;/ rmefrmeuif;/ opPmw&m;/ ±k;d om;r_/ tm;pdu k rf _ cspaf rwWmawG/ jrefrmvlrsKd;*k%f pmaytusKd; aemufqkH;xGufoufa&mufcsdefxd rarmryef; rav#mhZGJjzifh usaemfoufxufqkH; owd& *k%f,lvsuf óud;pm;vkyfudkif aexdkifoGm;ygr,f? ? om;wynfh

Ed_if;,SOfr& tvGefav;pm;*k%f,laeygw,f q&m}uD;wifrdk; æ æ cspfcifav;pm;pGmjzifh aZmfatmif Sayagyi, I met you only two times. But you taught me and let you so many valuable things. Both my husband & I dearly love you. May you rest in peace.

Aree

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm Ah pe, So unexpectedly you left on your last journey but in our hearts you will always be with us.

You were a lot to us, a father, a grandfather, a writer, a freedom fighter.

Many more things you still wish to do, the path is written for us just to follow, A guide for many…

A father for me, Carl De Moor Your son

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Ko Shwe Sin Tun (ADPEM)

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Poem in my heart Saya Moe passed away Saya Maha Kabya Moe passed away Tha-khin Kodaw Moe passed away Irreplaceable!!!

Big..Big.. Big.. Loss..

Dr. Aung Tun

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cifarmif a&$jynfom q&m 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ ,lusKH;r&jzpf&ygw,fq&m æ usaemfwdk@twGuf uAsmaerif;}uD;wql uG,fav+yD æ 1969 ckEpS f emewfajropPmeD qdw k u hJ Asmaygupf av; tm;rmefawG avsmah ewJt h csed rf sm; q&mh&JŒ tm;rmefawGay;cJhygw,f q&m æ? trsK;d bmom omoemESihf jrefrmudo k yd cf spw f hJ rsK;d csp+f yD; q&m - q&mhpw d "f mwf/ q&mh ,H=k unfcsuaf wGtwdik ;f q&mhwynfh - emewfajr opPmeD (c) aEGwrm uAsmc&D;udk qufvuf csDwufygr,fvdk@ q&mhwynfh uwdðyygw,f q&m? ? emewfajr opPmeD (c) aEGwrm 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

247

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OD;pdk;jrifh (ocif) C.E.C (NLD)

q&m*sr;f vGrf;p&mav;awGuae vGrf;p&mawGcsnf;yJ jzpfukef+yD? aemuf awG@cGifhñuHOD;r,fqdk&if onfb0rSmvdk nDtpfu&kd if;csmozG,f jzLpifwahJ rwWm oHa,mZOfawGe@J jyefq=kH uwmaygAh sm?

You are one of the best.

pdkif;atmif0if; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m*sr;f wm0efauswJh q&mhuAsmawGu æ ordkif;tqufquf av#mufvSrf;aerSmygq&m?

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vif;xif ra[oDr*~Zif;

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udkwifrdk; - udkb*srf;a& æ b0rSm cifAsm;[m rGefjrwfwJhtvkyfawG vkyfoGm;wmyg?

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av;pm;vsuf omqef; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m}uD; uAsmwifrdk; æ odk@ &Gufa[mif;awGaºuGvdk@ &GufopfawGvnf; vJcJh+yD; b0a[mif;vnf; aºuGvdk@ b0opfvnf; pcJhyg+yD q&m&,f?

'Drdkua&pDav;awmif jrifroGm;&bl;? jrifhjrwfaombHkb0odk@ a&mufygap?

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M.Z NLD Insein

29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

249

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a';ApfvSjrifh 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

Yellow leves are Falling, to serve as Fertilizer for the coming generation.

Khin Maung Aye Attorney & Consultant

&J&ifhaom uAsmpmqdk 'Dru kd a&pDa&; +idrf;csrf;a&; ppftm%m&Sif qef@usifa&; wdik ;f a&;jynfa&; ArmwrsKd;om;vHk;ta&; æ wdk@twGuf rysufruGuf vSrf;qufaewkef; usqHk;oGm;wJh pmqdk&Sif oifhudk *k%fjyKvdkufygoav æ? ? armif^m%fvif; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 250

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q&m&Sihf q&monf u|efrq&m jzpfygonf?

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a'gufwmcifjrifhOD;

q&m tEkynmatmifvHudk tjrifhqHk; v$ifhxlEdkifcJhygw,f?

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0if;ol& uAsmq&m 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m OD;wifrdk;odk@ b0wyg;ajymif;oGm;aomfvnf; q&mhtm; tjrJ*g&0ðyvsufyg æ a'gufwmEG,fEG,fOD; uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

251

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q&m vGrf;r0Edkifygbl; q&m?

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wynfh rjr_idrf; oefŒpifat;

cspfcifav;pm;&aom q&m uAsmudk cspfaom taygif;toif;rsm;udk cifwG,faom wdkif;jynfudk cspfaom q&m b,fawmhrSraoyg? ? ±dkaoav;pm;pGmjzihf wifwifvS 252

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q&mhudk av;pm;cspfcifaom *sL; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 trsKd;om;pmqdk avSum;xpfay:u q&mwifr;kd aumif;&mok*wd a&mufygap? ? pdk;jrifhvwf 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 q&m}uD; OD;wifrdk;uawmh usrwdk@tm;vHk;eJ@ vHk;0 rpdrf;ygbl;? ol@&ŒJ toHe@J ol@&ŒJ tEkynmuAsmpum;awG[m =um;aeusr@kd em;b0if ,Ofyg;aeusyg?

EdkifiHwum av;pm;avmufwJhyk*~dKvfrdk@ aemufwa,mufqdk aemufwcg rvmEdkifyg? ? pdwfeJ@xyfwl 0rf;enf;&yga=umif; æ æ OrRmOD; tif;pdef ausmif;om;a[mif; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

253

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ðyH;csKd 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&mazaz usaemfwdk@ q&mazaz uAsmxJuvdk tvHrvJ atmifyGJqifE$Jzdk@ qufvufóud;pm;vsuf æ aZmfrif; (88) 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m}uD; wdkif;jynftwGuf pGef@v$wfpGef@pm; tepfemcH+yD; wm0efausoGm;wJh q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wd vm;ygapa=umif; æ rpkpkaEG; aumhrSL; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007 254

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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255

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23/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

256

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257

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q&m}uD;wifrdk; aumif;&mok*wd vm;ygap?

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awmfveS af &;opPmjzifh udkudkav; qefz&efppPudk

c%c% awG@wdkif; qkH;r=o0g'awGay; aewJh q&m}uD;? tpm;xdk;r&wJh trsKd;om; pmqdk ynm&Sif}uD; uG,fvGefoGm;wJhtwGuf rdom;pkEiS hf xyfwx l yfr# 0rf;enf;&ygw,f? ?

-unf0if; (NLD-LA)

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

259

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Uncle, With my deepest sympathy..

My prayers & thoughts are always with your family.

Wai Wai (NY)

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Dear Saya U Tin Moe May you rest in peace and may God welcome you in his Kingdom.

U Win Maung BADA-SF

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2007 Zefe0g&D 26 288

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Rose Hills Memorial Park and Mortuary (Memorial Chapel)3888 Workman Mill Rd, Whittier, CA 90601 Tel-(562)692-1212 (562)699-0921

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"rRaZmwdausmif; Dhammajoti Meditation Center (Baldwin Park Monastery) 4436 Walnut Street Baldwin Park, CA 91706 Tel-(626) 337-0056

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Rose Hills Memorial psmyetcrf;tem; Park and Mortuary (Funeral Service) (SkyRose Chapel) Rose Hills Memorial Park and Mortuary

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Rose Hills Memorial Park and Mortuary Location: http://www.rosehills.com/locationsContent/location.aspx Direction: http://www.mapguest.com Dhammajoti Meditation Center (Baldwin Park Monasery) Location & Direction: http://www.mapguest.com/

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w wDc&mrm - 213 awZ - 224 wifwifvS - 252 wifarode;f - 222 wifr;kd - 9 wifarmifaomf/ cifat;aomf - 220/ 224 wifarmifoef; - 35/ 236 wifarmifOD; - 153 wifjrifh - 197 wif0if; (jrif;jcH) - 166 OD;wif0if; - 171 armifwifah 0 - 168 wuUodkvfbmomjyefXme/ vkyfazmfudkifzufwOD; 195 wyfO;D v - 192 x xufjruf - 162 xifausmf - 157/ 171 xdu k f - 182 xdefvif; - 99/ 263 yef;csD xdev f if; - 12 xdev f if;Edik f - 173 axG;cdik f - 264 axG;jrifh - 192 a'gufwmxGef;wif - 229 xGef;xGef; - 159 xGe;f xGe;f oef; - 100 300

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ESi;f ESi;f ar$; - 173 y ynma&;0efxrf;wOD; (ykZeG af wmif) - 185 yg&*l - 243 ay:atmifcspf/ OD;xifatmif - 218 y¿dwx f eG ;f - 152 yef;oD; - 214 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& 274 ðyH;csKd - 254 z azjrifh - 169 zd;k oH (vlx)k - 41 zsmykHeDvkHOD; - 198 òzd;qkreG f - 208 udak jzmifh (&Gmwef;&Sn)f - 219 A ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD - 276 aA'g&D - 47 Aef;armfndKEGJ@ b bm;rm;wla'; - 51 bdkpdef - 246 bdkbdkvef;pif - 199 barmf - 169 bdkbdk - 149 bdv k w S ifh - 221 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

r rpENm - 202 r'kH - 210 a':rrtd - 265 rtd - 109 udkrmuD - 155 rmrmat; - 117 rmrmOD; - 153 rdcsrf;a0 - 205 ar+idrf; - 55 udrk ;kd - 266 rdk;ausmf - 268 rdk;rdk;ESif; - 107 rdk;oD;ZGef - 240/ 260 armifrdk;[def; - 177 rdk;[def; (om;*sme,fausmf) - 119 rdk;OD;aqGndef; - 198 rif;udEk ikd f - 108/ 151/ 269 rif;ausmfcdkif - 134/ 272 rif;[ef - 181 udkarmif - 182 armifprG ;f &nf - 110/ 111/ 141/ 143/ 144/ 236/ 262 armifwifqifh - 161 armifwifopf - 156 armifae0if;ZeD; - 203 armifaEGxuf - 141 armifzdk;axmif - 144 armifrdk;ol - 213 armifarmif}uD; - 244 armifarmifcif - 176 armifarmifvd_if (tyfpdkufuk) - 196 armifarmifatmif - 296 armif&pf - 86/ 263 armifviG rf eG f (uom) - 217 armifv0S if;(jrif;jcH) - 112 armif0Ho - 142 301

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm OD;armif0if;/ a':apma&$ - 220 armifomEdk; - 142/ 145 armifaoG;opf - 204 rkwfokH - 182 rsK;d cif - 218 rsKd;rsKd; - 235 armifrsKd;oef@ - 192 udkrsKd;jrifh (tnmom;) - 180 rsKd;jrifhatmif - 218 rjr+idr;f - 252 jraESmif;ndK - 173 OD;jr0if; - 150 jrat; - 153 umwGef;ajrZm - 245 jrifah iG - 193 jrifph ;kd - 184 jrifq h ef; - 184 udjk rifah qG (tif;pde)f - 214 jrifah X; - 237 a': jrifhjrifh - 239 jrifhjrifhcif - 167 jrifhjrifhpdef (abmfpwGef) - 220 jrifhvd_if - 246 jrifo h ed ;f (ok0À) - 163 jrifah t; - 183 tefwD òrdif - 213 jrwf,Ofacsm - 224 jrefrmEdik if 'H rD u kd &ufwpftiftm;pk - 280 jrefrmowif;or*~ - 285 jrefrmtoif;(udk;&D;,m;) ESifh a&$o*F[m pm=unfh wdu k f - 288 rGe'f &m - 115 , ,Ofrif;ydkuf - 292

302

& &mZearmif - 191 &D&jD rifh - 103 &Jausmpf mG - 158 &Jrif;OD; - 237 a&mbwf - 214 &if&ifjr - 165 &efaemifO;D - 170 &efatmif - 260 &G,f*sm - 207 a&$ularESif; - 179 a&$ausmf - 244 a&$pifxGef; - 226 a&$pifO;D - 226 a&$jrwfaZmfaZmf - 175 wuUov kd af &$&0D if; - 170 v vrif;/ rd;k i,fi,f/ o#m; - 234 vlxk pde0f if; - 145/ 207 vlxak ':trm - 7/ 144/ 145 vlvyfqrf - 200 vl@abmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD - 283 udkav; (abmfpwGef) - 217 rav;xdu k f - 160 av;Edik t f d - 235 av;jrifh (vSu|e;f ) - 172 av;av; (wdkusKd) - 122 vif;xif (ra[oDr*~Zif;) - 248 vif;aEG;tdrf (ae&defausmf) - 123 vSpdk; - 264 vSreG f (rk&H mG ) - 121 vSa&$/ a':cifrmat; - 210

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm 0 udk0 - 216 a0a0 - 264 a0a0Edik f - 231 a0a0vGiOf ;D - 151 a'guw f m0if;qef;xGe;f - 124 0if;!Ge@f - 127 0if;wifx h eG ;f - 65/ 125 0if;Edik f - 208 0if;az - 61/ 146/ 222/ 236 OD;0if;armif - 266 0if;0if; - 245 0if;ol& - 251 o oZifxu kd f - 195 omcsKd - 190 omqef; - 249 okwnD - 182 ol - 77 ol& - 262 ol&aZmf - 242 oJEk&if - 146 oufaZmf - 172 oufxeG ;f - 259 oifah emf - 272 a':oif;vd_if/ ausmfausmf/ rdk;rdk;cif - 225 aomif;贸udif - 177 opfar$; - 162 oef;pdk;Edkif (rd_if;rdom;pk) - 200 oef;aX; - 233 oef;aX;armif - 220 oef;Edik f - 186 oef;Edik Of ;D - 146 oef;jrifhatmif - 205 oef;oef;aX; - 266 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

udo k ef;atmif - 191 odyrH` if;=unf - 197 a':odef;!Gef@(bmomjyefXme)&J@om;/ qefeD - 165 odef;xkduf - 164 OD;odef;Edkif/ a':usif&D - 262 odef;armif - 166 armifodef;jrwf - 165 ode;f ode;f aX; - 265 ode;f at; - 179 udkodrf;aqG - 156 [ a[rmcif - 210 a[refoZif - 128 armif[efwif - 120 udk[ef - 157 [efxGef; - 167 t t*sp[ f ed ;f - 247 tnmu q&m - 163 at&D - 223 at;Edkif - 193 udak t;Edik f (pdw贸f uduu f zD;) - 158/ 159 at;rif;/ odef;pnf/ oufarmif - 222 at;jrifh - 267 at;0if; (vrif;w&m) - 79 at;at;oef; - 263 atmfyDus,f - 143 tHhbG,fausmf - 216/ 270 tdk;a0atmif - 267 OD;t*~"rR - 238 udkatmif - 271 udkatmif/ jrjrpdk;/ om; atmifpdk;rif; - 225 atmifausmfcdkif - 259 303

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm atmifausmfqef; (jrif;jcH) - 164 atmifausmfxGef;/ qkqkarmif - 221 atmifausmfOD; - 260 atmif}uD; - 248 a'gufwmatmifcif - 262 atmif+idrf; - 130 atmifapmOD; - 227 a'gufwmatmifxGef; - 229/ 260 atmifxeG ;f OD; - 155 atmifeD - 249 atmifarmfZif - 231 atmifr;kd 0if; - 81 a'gufwmatmifrsKd;oef@ - 232 atmifjrifo h ed ;f - 155 atmifjrifOh ;D - 148 atmifvwf - 265 atmifviG f - 146 atmifa0; - 129 OD;atmif0if; - 160 atmif0ef; - 132 atmifoif; - 147/ 242 atmifoef@ - 184 OD;atmifodef; (w&m;±kH;csKyfa&S@ae) - 199 tke;f armif - 175 OrRmAdv k f - 133 OrRmOD; - 253 88 rsKd;quf ausmif;om;rsm; - 279 ÔÔÔÔ

304

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

305

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