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Survey of toothbrushes in Thailand 2007 Wikul Visalseth Nontinee Tangchareondee Mallika Tuntoolvest Kowit Reaprieng Dental Health Division

D.D.S., M.P.H., Thai board of dental public health D.D.S., Thai board of dental public health D.D.S. D.I.P. in MST

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

63

∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ Abstract Toothbrushes sold in Thailand were regularly examined by the Department of Health for consumer protection. This study was carried out to explore features of toothbrushes sold in Thailand in 2007. All models of toothbrush were collected from 4 provinces. A total of 273 toothbrush models were found from 77 different brands. There were 205 models for adult and 68 models for children. The toothbrushes were compared on aspects of handles, bristle and head by measuring their width, length and thickness with vernier caliper and digital micrometer. The digital force gauge ( Chatillon  ) was utilized for measuring bristle retention. Bristle ends were examined by microscope at 40 X. The study found 71.1 % of toothbrushes had complete information labeling on packets. 74.6 % of adult models and 67.6 % of children models were complied with the standard of toothbrush recommended by the Department of Health. The unaccepted features were sharp or jagged edges of bristle ends ( 25% ), oversized toothbrush heads (15 %), low retention of bristle tuffs ( 3% ) and hard bristles ( 2.2% ). Toothbrush manufacturers should be informed the findings of this survey to improve or renovate their products.

Keywords: toothbrush, survey, consumer protection

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THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

65

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‡¥Á° <3 ªï Baby

3 - 6 ªï child

6 - 12 ªï Junior

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> 110

> 110

< 20 < 11 <6

< 23 < 11 <6

< 27 < 13 <6

< 34 <15 <7

6-8 < 0.16

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“∏“√≥√—∞ª√–™“™π®’π ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’°“√π”‡¢â“ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ¡“‡≈‡´’¬ 20 √ÿà𠇬Õ√¡—π 9 √ÿàπ ‰Õ√å·≈π¥å 8 √ÿàπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 5 √ÿàπ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ 4 √ÿàπ ·≈– ‡ªπ 1 √ÿàπ ©≈“°·ª√ß ’øíπ ·ª√ß ’øπí ∑’«Ë “ß®”Àπà“¬„π æ.». 2550 æ∫ «à“¡’©≈“°§√∫∂â«π·≈–∂Ÿ°µâÕß 194 √ÿà𧑥‡ªìπ √âÕ¬≈– 71.1 ¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·ª√ß ’øíπ ∑’√Ë –∫ÿ©≈“°‰¡à§√∫‡ªìπ·ª√ß ’øπí ”À√—∫ºŸ„â À≠à 58 √ÿà π ·≈– ”À√— ∫ ‡¥Á ° 21 √ÿà π à « π„À≠à ‰ ¡à √ –∫ÿ ≈—°…≥–ª≈“¬¢π·ª√ß ·≈–«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™âº≈‘µ §‘¥‡ªìπ √âÕ¬≈– 17.2 ·≈– 15.4 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ §ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢Õß·ª√ß ’øí𠵓√“ß∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ µË” ÿ¥ ·≈–§à“

°“√ ”√«®§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2550

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 √“¬™◊ËÕ¬’ËÀâÕ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë ”√«®æ∫„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».2550 Brands Model Adult Child ¬’ËÀâÕ·ª√ß ’øíπ (√ÿπà ) (√ÿπà ) (√ÿπà ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

ABC Kids Aim A-Mei Aquafresh Aro Arrow B-Care Beinuo Berman Biosafty Bonus Carrefour Casa Close Up Colgate Dental Dentiste Doctor Dorco Dr.Brush Dr.Cool Dr.Phillips Eastman Fico First Price Five Star Five-A Fluocaril Fun Smile Gum Hejiahuan Her-Bric Hi-Herb bsc Hiso Jacomo Jaga Jordan Kodomo Lacovo

1 10 1 10 2 1 4 1 8 13 4 5 4 5 21 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 2 2 1 1 5 2 1 1 2 11 8 1

7 1 10 1 1 2 1 8 12 3 5 3 5 15 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 6 2 2 1 1 4 2 1 2 10 1

1 3 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 -

Brands Model Adult Child ¬’ËÀâÕ·ª√ß ’øíπ (√ÿπà ) (√ÿπà ) (√ÿπà ) 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 √«¡

Leader price 8 Mamy 2 Mei Zhi Shuang 1 Mingliu 1 Molar 1 Mr.Smile 1 Mr.Star 1 Musical Toothbrush 1 Nano Dental Care 1 Nine 3 Oral-B 31 Oracare 1 Oralmed 2 Orita 1 P&P 1 Parodontax 1 Pierrot 1 Pro Dental B 4 Raka 1 Reach 3 Sanxiao 5 Savepak 1 Shallop 1 St.Andrews 8 Systema 7 Tesco 13 Thaikid 1 Tops 3 Tri-star 2 Venture 2 Vic 1 Victiry 2 Watsons 2 Xuejie 1 Yixue 1 Zooth 3 ¥Õ°∫—«§Ÿà 2 ‰¡à¡’™◊ËÕ„ à´Õß 1 273

6 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 25 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 205

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

2 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 8 4 1 1 3 1 68

67

∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 §ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».2550 Child toothbrush

Adult toothbrush < 3 yrs 3 - 6 yrs 6 - 12 yrs Undefined Mean ± sd Mean ± sd Mean ± sd Mean ± sd Mean ± sd (max - min) (max - min) (max - min) (max - min) (max - min)

¡‘µ‘·ª√ß ’øíπ Dimension §«“¡¬“«∑—ßÈ À¡¥ Over all length À—«·ª√ß (Head) Length Width

mm. mm.

Thickness

mm.

¢π·ª√ß Bristle Diameter Length

mm. mm.

mm.

®”π«π°√–®ÿ°¢π·ª√ß No. of tufts ®”π«π¢π·ª√ßµàÕ°√–®ÿ° No.of filaments per tuft ·√߬÷¥¢π·ª√ß Fastening of tuft/ Newton

148.2 ± 9.9 (135.0-165.0) 18.4 ± 1.9 (15.3-21.1) 10.1 ± 2.0 (8.7-14.3) 4.9 ± 0.5 (4.2-6.0) 0.15 ± 0.01 (0.12-0.15) 9.3 ± 0.9 (8.0-10.5) 20.0 ± 7.0 (14.0-32.0) 75.7 ± 7.8 (65 -87) 30.5 ±4.0 (23.2-34.9)

149.2 ± 1.1 (125.0-162.0) 22.2 ± 2.5 (17.5 -26.2) 10.8 ± 0.8 (9.2-12.5) 5.2 ± 0.5 (4.2-6.1) 0.16 ± 0.02 (0.12-0.21) 10.2 ± 0.6 (8.9-12.0) 24.6 ± 4.0 (16.0-30.0) 59.0 ± 16.7 (32 -100) 31.8 ± 7.9 (18.5-47.0)

‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß¡‘µ‘µà“ß Ê ¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ ‰¥â·°à §«“¡ ¬“«µ≈Õ¥¥â“¡·ª√ß §«“¡°«â“ß ¬“« Àπ“ ¢Õß à«πÀ—«·ª√ß ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢπ·ª√ß §«“¡ Ÿ ß ¢Õߢπ·ª√ß ®”π«π°√–®ÿ ° ¢π·ª√ß ®”π«π¢π·ª√ßµàÕ°√–®ÿ° ·≈–·√߬÷¥¢π·ª√ß æ∫«à“ ¢π“¥¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ ·ª√ß ’øíπºŸâ„À≠à¡’ §«“¡¬“«µ≈Õ¥¥â“¡µ—ßÈ ·µà 156 mm. ∂÷ß 198 mm. ·ª√ß ’øíπ‡¥Á°¡’§«“¡¬“«¥â“¡ —Èπ∑’Ë ÿ¥ 125 mm. ·≈–¬“«∑’Ë ÿ ¥ 195 mm. ∑—È ß À¡¥ºà “ π‡°≥±å 68

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168.0 ± 9.1 (159.0-187.0) 24.4 ± 3.1 (20.5-31.0) 12.2 ±1.3 (9.8-14.0) 5.1± 0.5 (4.5-6.3) 0.16 ± 0.02 (0.15-0.23) 10.6 ± 0.7 (9.8-12.5) 28.2 ± 6.1 (19.0-39.0) 66.0 ± 15.2 (36-93) 26.9 ± 8.1 (14.8-43.0)

154.2 ± 17.4 (127.0-195.0) 24.4 ± 3.4 (19.2-33.6) 11.1 ± 1.4 (8.5-14.5) 5.0 ± 0.5 (3.8-5.8) 0.19 ±0.03 (0.14-0.25) 10.3 ± 1.9 (1.6-12.7) 28.2 ± 6.6 (20-46) 47.8± 16.1 (22-102) 29.9 ± 9.6 (10.5-52.8)

187.2 ± 8.1 (156.0-198.0) 29.7 ± 2.5 (19.7-35.4) 12.9 ± 1.1 (9.1-17.7) 5.3 ± 0.5 (3.7-6.9) 0.19 ± 0.03 (0.13-0.29) 11.75±1.08 (8.8-14.9) 37.8 ± 8.2 (23-57) 48.4 ± 15.7 (21-105) 30.2 ± 9.5 (11.9-54.2)

¡“µ√∞“π«‘™“°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à«πÀ—«·ª√ß ’øíπ æ∫«à“·ª√ß ’øíπ‡¥Á°√âÕ¬≈– 61.8 ·≈–·ª√ß ’øíπ ºŸâ „ À≠à √â Õ ¬≈– 7.8 ¡’ À— « ·ª√ß¢π“¥„À≠à ° «à “ ¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥· ¥ß„𠵓√“ß∑’Ë 4 ™π‘ ¥ ¢Õߢπ·ª√ß ’ øí π ·ª√ß ’ øí π à « π „À≠à§Õ◊ √âÕ¬≈– 79.5 ¡’¢π·ª√ß™π‘¥πÿ¡à ·ª√ß ’øπí ∑’Ë¡’¢π·ª√ß™π‘¥πÿࡪ“π°≈“ß ·≈–™π‘¥·¢Áß æ∫ √âÕ¬≈– 18.3 ·≈– 2.2 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ „πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 5

°“√ ”√«®§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2550

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 ®”π«π·≈–√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë à«πÀ—«·ª√߉¡àºà“π¡“µ√∞“π°√¡Õπ“¡—À—«·ª√ß ’øπí Head portion of toothbrush ‰¡àºà“π¡“µ√∞“𠧫“¡°«â“߇°‘𠧫“¡¬“«‡°‘𠧫“¡À𓇰‘π

unqualified over width over length over thickness

Child toothbrush 3 -6 yrs 6-12 yrs*

0 -3 yrs 1 (11.1%) 1 (11.1%) 0 0

Adult toothbrush

Total

4 (21.1%) 21 (52.5%) 26 (38.2%) 4 (21.1%) 20 (50.0%) 25 (36.8% ) 0 7 (17.5%) 7 (10.3 %) 1 (5.3%) 0 3 (4.4 %)

6 (2.9%) 2 (0.9%) 4 (1.9%) 0

* include undefined age group

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 ®”π«π·≈–√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß·ª√ß ’øí𮔷𰵓¡™π‘¥¢Õߢπ·ª√ß ’øíπ All

Adult toothbrush

Child toothbrush

Bristle type n ™π‘¥πÿ¡à ™π‘¥πÿࡪ“π°≈“ß ™π‘¥·¢Áß

soft medium hard

217 50 6

≈—°…≥–ª≈“¬¢π·ª√ß ·ª√ß ’øíπ 180 √ÿà𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 65.9 ¢Õß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ¡’≈—°…≥–ª≈“¢π·ª√ß¡π°≈¡ (round ended) ºà“π¡“µ√∞“π °√¡Õπ“¡—¬ æ∫≈—°…≥–ª≈“¬¢π·ª√ßµ—¥µ√߉¡à ¡πª≈“¬ 45 √ÿπà ≈—°…≥–ª≈“¬¢π·ª√߇√’¬«·À≈¡ 11 √ÿàπ ·≈–·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë¡’¢π·ª√ߪ≈“¬µ√ߺ ¡ °—∫ª≈“¬‡√’¬«·À≈¡ 37 √ÿàπ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫ ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë à«π¢π·ª√ß¡’«— ¥ÿÕ◊ËπÕ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—∫¢π ·ª√߉π≈àÕπ ª≈“¬¢π·ª√ß≈—°…≥–µà“ß Ê · ¥ß „π¿“æ∑’Ë 1 °“√¬÷¥·πàπ¢Õߢπ·ª√ß ’øíπ ·ª√ß ’øíπ √âÕ¬≈– 97.1 ¡’°√–®ÿ°¢π·ª√ß∑’ˬ÷¥µ‘¥·πàπ‚¥“¡“√∂∑π·√ߥ÷ ß ‰¥â ¡ “°°«à “ 15 π‘ « µ— 𠵓¡ ¡“µ√∞“π°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ ·≈–æ∫·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë·√߬÷¥

% 79.5 18.3 2.2

n

%

161 38 6

78.5 18.5 2.9

n

%

56 12

82.4 17.6 -

°√–®ÿ°¢π·ª√߉¡àºà“π¡“µ√∞“π ®”π«π 8 √ÿà𠇪ìπ·ª√ß ’øíπºŸâ„À≠à 5 √ÿàπ ·≈–·ª√ß ’øíπ‡¥Á° 3 √ÿàπ √“§“·ª√ß ’øíπ ·ª√ß ’øπí ”À√—∫ºŸ„â À≠à√“§“µ—ßÈ ·µà 3.50 ∂÷ß 99 ∫“∑ ·ª√ß ’øíπ ”À√—∫‡¥Á° √“§“ 3.50 ∫“∑ ∂÷ß 45 ∫“∑ —¥ à«π·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’˺à“π¡“µ√∞“π °√¡Õπ“¡—¬‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπµ“¡√“§“∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß¡’ π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p < 0.001) √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„𠵓√“ß∑’Ë 6

∫∑«‘®“√≥å °“√ ”√«®„πæ.».2550 æ∫·ª√ß ’øíπ 77 ¬’ËÀâÕ 273 √ÿàπ À≈“°À≈“¬¡“°¢÷Èπ®“°°“√ ”√«®

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

69

∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 ®”π«π·≈–√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».2550 ®”·π°µ“¡§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈– √“§“ All toothbrush

Adult toothbrush

Child toothbrush

Price < 10 baht 10 - 20 baht 20 - 30 baht 30 - 40 baht 40 - 50 baht > 50 baht

n

Qualified *

%

n

Qualified *

29 49 33 21 18 33

11 30 26 20 15 31

37.9 61.2 78.8 95.2 83.3 93.9

29 49 33 21 18 33

11 30 26 20 15 31

%

n

37.9 18 61.2 15 78.8 16 95.2 5 83.3 5 93.9 3

Qualified *

%

8 12 10 5 5 3

44.4 80.0 62.5 100 100 100

* Chi-Square test: χ2 = 43.499, df = 5, p < 0.001

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 °“√√–∫ÿ©≈“°·ª√ß ’øíπµ“¡ª√–°“»¢Õß ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√§ÿ⡧√ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ Information on packet ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë¡’©≈“°§√∫∂â«π ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’ˉ¡à¡’©≈“°¿“…“‰∑·ª√ß ’øπí ∑’¡Ë ’©≈“°‰¡à§√∫ ‰¡à√–∫ÿ™π‘¥¢π·ª√ß ‰¡à√–∫ÿª≈“¬¢π·ª√ß ‰¡à√–∫ÿ«— ¥ÿ∑”¢π·≈–¥â“¡·ª√ß ‰¡à√–∫ÿ§”·π–π” «‘∏’„™â

2004 Complete labeling No label Incomplete labeling bristle type bristle end materials use instruction

„πæ.».2547 ·≈– 2543 —¥ à«π·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’˺≈‘µ „πª√–‡∑»·≈–π”‡¢â “ ‰¡à ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß®“°°“√ ”√«®§√—Èß∑’˺à“π¡“ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π¿“æ∑’Ë 2 ·ª√ß ’øíπ¡’©≈“°§√∫∂â«π·≈–∂Ÿ°µâÕß√âÕ≈– 71.1 ¢Õß·ª√ß ’øπí ∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ®“°√âÕ¬≈– 66.7 „πæ.».2547 æ∫°“√‰¡à√–∫ÿ«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™âº≈‘µ ·ª√ß ’øíπ≈¥πâÕ¬≈߇À≈◊Շ撬ß√âÕ¬≈– 15.7 ®“° √âÕ¬≈– 21.1 „π°“√ ”√«®§√—Èß°àÕπ ·µà°“√‰¡à¡’ ©≈“°¿“…“‰∑¬æ∫‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ®“° 4 √ÿπà À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 1.7 70

µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

158 4 75 13 22 50 19

2007

(66.7 %) 194 (71.1 %) (1.7 %) 7 (2.6 %) (31.6 %) 72 (28.9%) (5.5 %) 15 (5.5 %) (9.3 %) 47 (17.2%) (21.1 %) 43 (15.7%) (8.0 %) 31 (11.4%)

‡ªìπ 7 √ÿà𧑥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 2.6 ¥—ß· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 ‚¥¬·ª√ß ’øíπ∑—Èß 7 √ÿàπ ¡’§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–‰¡àºà“π ¡“µ√∞“π°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§®÷ߧ«√‰¥â√—∫§” ·π–π”‰¡à„Àâ‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’ˉ¡à¡’©≈“°¿“…“ ‰∑·ª√ß ’ øí π ∑’Ë ¡’ §ÿ ≥ ≈— ° …≥–ºà “ π‡°≥±å ¡“µ√∞“π«‘™“°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬æ∫¡“°¢÷Èπ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ æ‘®“√≥“‡©æ“–·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’ˉ¡àºà“π‡°≥±å æ∫«à“ §ÿ ≥ ≈— ° …≥–∑’Ë ∫ °æ√à Õ ß∫“ß≈— ° …≥–‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¡“°¢÷È π

°“√ ”√«®§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2550

¿“æ∑’Ë 1 ¢π·ª√ß ’øíπ™π‘¥ª≈“¬¡π°≈¡ ( A ) ª≈“¬µ—¥ ( B ) ª≈“¬‡√’¬«·À≈¡ ( C ) ·≈– ¢π·ª√ߺ ¡‰π≈àÕπ°—∫ªÿÉ¡¬“ß ( D )

A

B

C

D

% qualified % complete Brands toothbrush label on packet

‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ °“√ ”√«®§√—È ß °à Õ π §◊ Õ ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë¡’¢π·ª√ß™π‘¥·¢Áß ·≈–¡’¢π“¥À—« ·ª√ß„À≠à°«à“¡“µ√∞“π ¥—ß· ¥ß„π¿“æ∑’Ë 3 ‚¥‡©æ“–·ª√ß ’øíπ‡¥Á°ª√–¡“≥Àπ÷Ëß„π “¡‰¡àºà“π ‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢π“¥§«“¡°«â“ߢÕßÀ—« ·ª√ß √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 —¥ à«π¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’˺à“π¡“µ√∞“π‡æ‘Ë¡ ¡“°¢÷Èπµ“¡√“§“∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p < 0.001) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡¡’·π«‚πâ¡∑’¥Ë µ’ Õà ºŸ∫â √‘‚¿§ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“°≈ÿà¡·ª√ß ’øíπ√“§“µË”°«à“ 10 ∫“∑ ¡’

2543 2547 2550

44 49 68

46 61 77

59.6 66.7 71.1

68.2 71.3 72.9

179 188 205

¿“æ∑’Ë 2 ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫º≈ ”√«®·ª√ß ’øíπ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».2543 æ.».2547 ·≈– æ.».2550

models for models for adult child

—¥ à«π·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ√âÕ¬≈– 37.9 ‡æ‘Ë¡ ¢÷Èπ®“°√âÕ¬≈– 17.6 „πªï 2547 (8)

∫∑ √ÿª °“√ ”√«®§ÿ ≥ ≈— ° …≥–·ª√ß ’ øí π ∑’Ë ®”Àπà “ ¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2550 æ∫ ·ª√ß ’øíπ®”π«π 273 √ÿàπ ®“° 77 ¬’ËÀâÕ ∑”°“√ µ√«®«—¥¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«µ≈Õ¥¥â“¡¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ «—¥§«“¡°«â“ß ¬“« ·≈–Àπ“¢Õß à«πÀ—«·ª√ß ®”·π°™π‘ ¥ ¢Õߢπ·ª√ßµ“¡§«“¡Õà Õ π·¢Á ß

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ¿“æ∑’Ë 3 √âÕ¬≈–¢Õß·ª√ß ’øí𮔷𰵓¡§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–∑’ˉ¡àºà“π‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π°√¡Õπ“¡—æ.».2543, 2547 ·≈– 2550 2543 2547 2550

2.9 2.9 2.7 2.2 1.3

·√߬÷¥¢π·ª√ߵ˔ low retention of bristle tuft ¢π·ª√ß·¢Áß hard bristle ª≈“¬¢π·ª√ß∫°æ√àÕß unaccepted bristle end À—«·ª√ß„À≠à oversize head portion

7.2 23.8 27.8 21.1 11.7

4.2

22.9 0

10

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‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. Carvalho RS, Rossi V, Weidlich P, Oppermann RV. Comparative analysis between hard- and soft-filament toothbrushes related to plaque removal and gingival abrasion. J Clin Dent.

2007;18(3):61-4.

2. ª√–°“»°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ ‡√◊ËÕß¡“µ√∞“π«‘™“°“√·ª√ß ’øíπ ≈ß«—π∑’Ë 29 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2542 72

µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

°“√ ”√«®§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2550

3. ª√–°“»°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ ‡√◊ËÕß¡“µ√∞“π«‘™“°“√·ª√ß ’øíπ æ.».2547 ≈ß«—π∑’Ë 22 ‡¡…“¬π 2547 4. ¡—≈≈‘°“ µ—≥±ÿ≈‡«»¡å, ππ∑‘π’ µ—È߇®√‘≠¥’, «‘°ÿ≈ «‘ “≈‡ ∂å, ÿ«‘¿“ Õπ—πµå∏π «— ¥‘Ï. º≈°“√µ√«®§ÿ≥¿“æ ·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„π∑âÕßµ≈“¥¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».2543 «.∑—πµ. ∏. 2545; 7(1): 21- 33 5. ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√§ÿ⡧√ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ ª√–°“»§≥–°√√¡°“√«à“¥â«¬©≈“° ©∫—∫∑’Ë 11 (æ.».2545) ‡√◊ËÕß „Àâ·ª√ß ’øíπ‡ªìπ ‘π§â“§«∫§ÿ¡©≈“° ª√–°“»„π√“™°‘®®“πÿ‡∫°…“ ©∫—∫ ª√–°“»∑—Ë«‰ª ‡≈à¡ 119 µÕπ摇»… 109 ß «—π∑’Ë 11 惻®‘°“¬π 2545 6. ISO 22254:2005 Dentistry -- Manual toothbrushes -- Resistance of tufted portion to deflection.

7. °“√µ≈“¥ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå∞“π‡»√…∞°‘®[serial on the Internet ] 2007 [ cited 2009 Feb 9 ] Aug 5-8; 2241. Available from:http://www.thannews.th.com/detialnews.php?id= M2222414 &issue=2241 8. ÿ«¿‘ “ Õπ—πµå∏π «— ¥‘,Ï «‘°≈ÿ «‘ “≈‡ ∂å, ¡—≈≈‘°“ µ—≥±ÿ≈‡«»¡å, ππ∑‘π’ µ—ßÈ ‡®√‘≠¥’, ®‘µ√“ ‡ ß’¬Ë ¡‡©¬. §ÿ≥≈—°…≥– ¢Õß·ª√ß ’øíπ∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2547,«.∑—πµ. ∏. 2548; 10 (1-2 ):40 - 50.

HEALTH

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