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µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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∂“π°“√≥姫“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°

Sea Food Safety Situation in the East Sunantha Osiri Associate Professor Dr. Faculty of Abhaibhubejhr Thai Traditional Medicine, Burapha University Pramuk Osiri Assistant Professor Dr. Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University

Abstract Seafood is one of the major economic products of the eastern province of Thailand. It is also an industrial area which is facing with serious pollution problems from petrochemical and heavy industries. The discharges might effect to sea animals. The objective of this study was to determine the seafood contaminations from mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, total bacteria and mold. Fifty six of dry seafood samples were collected from four provinces; Chonburi, Rayong, Chantaburi and Trad. These samples were analyzed in laboratory by reference standard methods. This study found 100% of all samples contaminated with heavy metals. Mercury contamination was 100% of samples and 26.8% were over the allowable maximum level. Cadmium contamination was 91.1% and 10.7% were over the allowable maximum level. The average of cadmium level in squids and cuttlefishes were significantly higher than other seafood samples (p<0.05). Lead contamination was 35.7% and 1.8% were over the allowable maximum level. The average of lead level in mollusk was significantly higher than other seafood samples (p <0.05). Arsenic contamination was 100% and 75% were over the allowable maximum level. The average of arsenic level in squids & cuttlefishes were significantly higher than fishes (p <0.05). Bacteria contamination was 100% and 51.8% were over the allowable maximum level. The average of aerobic plate count level in shrimp was significantly higher than other seafood samples (p <0.05). Mold contamination was 100% and 17.9% were over the allowable maximum level. The production process or packaging might be the cause of this problem. The exploration of this study showed that sea food contaminations might be harmful to health if consume more often or in high amount. Thus sea food contamination surveillance program should be developed by the authority and cooperate with producer, retailer, consumer including community.

Key words : seafood safety, heavy metal, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, bacteria, mold

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

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«‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ °“√»÷°…“π’ȇªìπ°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ß ”√«® °“√ªπ ‡ªóÕô π„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑’®Ë ”Àπà“¬„πæ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë “¬Ωíßò ∑–‡≈ ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° µ—Èß·µà®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ √–¬Õß ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ·≈–µ√“¥ ‚¥¬‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π∫√‘‡«≥∑’ˇªìπ·À≈àß ®”Àπà“¬Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ ·≈–‡ªìπ·À≈àß®”Àπà“¬¢Õß Ω“°„Àâ °— ∫ ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‡ ¥‘ π ∑“ßºà “ π‰ª¡“·«–´◊È Õ ‘ π §â “ ®”æ«°Õ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâß·≈–Õ“À“√∑–‡≈·ª√√Ÿª „π °“√‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑”°“√ ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ ·∫∫∫—߇Ց≠ (Accidental sampling) ®“° 4 ®—ßÀ«—¥ „π 5 æ◊Èπ∑’˧◊Õ ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥ µ≈“¥ÀπÕß¡π √‘¡∂ππ ÿ¢ÿ¡«‘∑ „°≈♓¬À“¥∫“ß · π ®—ßÀ«—¥√–¬Õß∑’∫Ë √‘‡«≥∫â“π‡æ (Õà“«‡æ) ·≈– ¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ (Õà“«æ≈“) ∫√‘‡«≥Õà“«‡æπ—Èπ‡ªìπ ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡’√â“π¢“¬¢ÕßΩ“°·≈–¡’‚√ßß“πº≈‘µ·≈– ·ª√√ŸªÕ“À“√∑–‡≈®”π«π¡“° à«πÕà“«æ≈“π—Èπ Õ¬Ÿà„°≈â°—∫π‘§¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ®— π ∑∫ÿ √’ ∑’Ë √â “ π∫√‘ ‡ «≥√‘ ¡ ∂ππ∑“ßÀ≈«ß “¬ 3 (·°≈ß-®—π∑∫ÿ√’) „°≈â ’Ë·¬°∑à“„À¡à ·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥ µ√“¥∑’√Ë “â π¢ÕßΩ“°Õ“À“√∑–‡≈∫√‘‡«≥∑à“‡√◊Õ‡øÕ√å√’Ë ‚¥¬¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß°“√‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß·µà≈– æ◊πÈ ∑’¥Ë ß— µàÕ‰ªπ’È µ”∫≈ÀπÕß¡π ®.™≈∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 20 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ °ÿßâ ·Àâß (°ÿßâ ·°â«) °ÿßâ ·Àâß (°ÿßâ ‡π◊ÕÈ ) ª≈“«ß·Àâß ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬åÀÕ¡ ª≈“·Àâß‚√¬ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ª≈“·Àâß ‚√¬ß“ ª≈“≈‘ÈπÀ¡“Õ∫·Àâß ª≈“À«“πÕ∫·Àâß ∑“‚√à°√Õ∫ À¡÷° “¡√ À¡÷°·°–µ“ À¡÷°‡µà“∑Õß À¡÷°°√Õ∫ À¡÷°·Àâß À¡÷°·Àâßºà“ À¡÷°Õ∫·Àâß À¡÷° ™ÿ∫µ—«ßÕ À¡÷°·Àâß∫¥ ÀÕ¬À«“π·Àâß ÀÕ¬·¡≈ß ¿ŸàÕ∫·Àâß µ”∫≈∫â“π‡æ ®.√–¬Õß ®”π«π 10 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊ Õ À¡÷ ° ·°–µ“ À¡÷ ° ¡â « π À¡÷ ° Õ∫‡ªï ¬ ° ª≈“¢â“« “√ ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å ‡»…À¡÷° À¡÷°·ºàπ ª√ÿß√ ∫¥ À¡÷°À¬Õß À¡÷°‡ªï¬° ª≈“™àÕπ∑–‡≈

µ”∫≈¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ ®.√–¬Õß ®”π«π 10 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ À¡÷°«ß °ÿâ߇π◊ÈÕ ÀÕ¬·Àâß ª≈“„∫‰ºà À¡÷°‡ªï¬° ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å °ÿßâ À¡÷°©“∫ À¡÷°Õ∫‡ªï¬° ∑“‚√à Õ”‡¿Õ∑à“„À¡à ®—ßÀ«—¥®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 8 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ ª≈“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ∑“‚√à À¡÷°‡ âπ¢“« ª≈“ ·Àâß À¡÷°·°–µ“ ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å·™à ª≈“¢â“߇À≈◊Õß ª≈“√‘«°‘« Õ”‡¿Õ·À≈¡ßÕ∫ ®—ßÀ«—¥µ√“¥ ®”π«π 8 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ °ÿßâ ·Àâß À¡÷°À¬ÕßøŸ À¡÷°°–µÕ¬ ÀÕ·¡≈ß¿Ÿà·Àâß ª≈“√‘«°‘« ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å ª≈“·Àâß ÀÕÀ«“π·Àâß √«¡®”π«πµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑—ßÈ ‘πÈ 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ®“° µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑—ßÈ À¡¥∑”°“√µ√«® ‘ßË ªπ‡ªóÕô π 3 °≈ÿ¡à §◊Õ (1) µ√«®‚≈À–Àπ—° 4 ™π‘¥ (·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ª√Õ∑ µ–°—Ë« “√ÀπŸ) (2)µ√«®ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈– (3) µ√«®‡™◊ÈÕ√“ µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∂Ÿ° àßµ√«®‚¥¬„™â ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¡◊ Õ µ√«®«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ∑ “ßÀâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√ ∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√°≈“ßµ√«® Õ∫º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ‡°…µ√·≈–Õ“À“√®”°—¥ “¢“©–‡™‘߇∑√“ ‡ªìπ Àπ૬µ√«® Õ∫∑’ˉ¥â¡“µ√∞“π “°≈‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ °“√ àßÕÕ°·≈–§ÿ⡧√ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–‡ªì π Àâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√Õâ “ ßÕ‘ ß ∑“ß«‘ ™ “°“√¢Õß ª√–‡∑» (Reference Lab) «‘∏’°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ‚≈À–Àπ—° ª√Õ∑ (Mercury, Hg) „™â «‘ ∏’ ∑ ¥ Õ∫¢Õß AOAC No. 974.14(8), ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ (Cadmium, Cd), µ–°—Ë« (Lead, Pb), ·≈– “√ÀπŸ (Arsenic, As) „™â«‘∏’ ∑¥ Õ∫¢Õß Sheppard, Heitkemper and Gaston(9) °“√µ√«®ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å Aerobic Plate Count „™â«‘∏’∑¥ Õ∫Õâ“ßÕ‘ß FDA BAM (2001), Chapter 3(10) ·≈–°“√µ√«®‡™◊È Õ √“ (Mold) „™â«‘∏’∑¥ Õ∫Õâ“ßÕ‘ß APHA (2001),

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ Chapter 20(11) °“√»÷°…“·π«∑“ß°“√≈¥°“√ªπ‡ªóÕô π ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ¡’§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ ‚¥¬°“√»÷°…“ §âπ§«â“Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡·≈° ‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡√Ÿâ√–À«à“ßπ—°«‘™“°“√·≈–ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß „π√–¬–‡«≈“µ—Èß·µà‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ æ.».2551 ∂÷ß ‡¥◊Õπ°—𬓬π æ.». 2552 ”À√—∫°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°“√»÷°…“§√—ßÈ π’„È ™â ∂‘µ‡‘ ™‘ßæ√√≥π“ √âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’ˬ §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ §à“µË” ÿ¥ «‘‡§√“–Àå§à“§«“¡ ·µ°µà “ ß∑’Ë ¡’ π— ¬ ”§— ≠ ∑“ß ∂‘ µ‘ ‚ ¥¬°”Àπ¥§à “ §«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ∑’Ë 95%

º≈°“√»÷°…“ 1. º≈°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå‚≈À–Àπ—° º≈®“°°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå‚≈À–Àπ—° 4 ™π‘¥ ®“° 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß æ∫«à“¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß‚≈À– Àπ—°∑ÿ°µ—«Õ¬à“ß (100%) ¥—ß· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ∑’Ë · ¥ß ∂“π∑’ˇ°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß·≈–√–¥—∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ ¢Õß‚≈À–Àπ—° ¥—ßπ’È 1.1 ª√Õ∑ æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õߪ√Õ∑ „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°µ—«Õ¬à“ß (100%) ¡’§à“‡©≈’ˇ∑à“°—∫ 0.621 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕÕ“À“√ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ (¡°/ °°.) æ∫ª√Õ∑„πª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å ∑’ˇªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß®“° ¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß ¡’§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 7.277 ¡°/ °°. √Õß≈ß¡“æ∫ª√Õ∑„πª≈“√‘ « °‘ « ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π µ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°∑à“„À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√‡’ ∑à“°—∫ 3.619 ¡°/°°. ·≈– „πª≈“™àÕπ∑–‡≈ ∑’∫Ë “â π‡æ √–¬Õß ‡∑à“°—∫ 2.62 ¡°/°°. ®”π«πµ— « Õ¬à “ ß∑’Ë ª π‡ªóô Õ πª√Õ∑‡°‘ π ¡“µ√∞“π (0.5 ¡°/°°.)∑’Ë°”À𥵓¡ª√–°“» °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë 98 (æ.».2529)(12) √âÕ¬≈– 26.8 „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ ‚¥¬æ∫∑’Ë ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πª≈“À«“π Õ∫·Àâß æ∫∑’Ë∫â“π‡æ √–¬Õß ®”π«π 3 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 78

µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

„πª≈“™àÕπ∑–‡≈ ª≈“¢â“« “√ ·≈–À¡÷°À¬Õß æ∫ ∑’Ë¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß®”π«π 5 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πª≈“ Õ‘π∑√’¬å À¡÷°‡ªï¬° °ÿâß À¡÷°©“∫ ·≈–∑“‚√à æ∫∑’Ë ∑à“„À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 4 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πª≈“√‘«°‘« ª≈“¢â“߇À≈◊Õß À¡÷°‡ âπ¢“« ·≈–ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å·™à æ∫∑’Ë·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ ®”π«π 2 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „π À¡÷°°–µÕ¬ ·≈–ÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿Ÿà·Àâß 1.2 ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß ·§¥‡¡’ˬ¡„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈√âÕ¬≈– 91.1% ¡’°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈„π∑ÿ°æ◊Èπ∑’Ë æ∫·§¥‡¡’¬¡ „πµ—«Õ¬à“ß¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬ‡∑à“°—∫ 0.693 ¡°/°°. æ∫ ·§¥‡¡’¬Ë ¡¡’§“à Ÿß ÿ¥„πÀ¡÷°·°–µ“ ∑’∫Ë “â π‡æ √–¬Õß ‡∑à“°—∫ 5.209 ¡°/°°. √Õß≈ß¡“æ∫·§¥‡¡’ˬ¡„π À¡÷°‡µà“∑Õß ·≈–„πÀ¡÷°·Àâßºà“ ∑’ÀË πÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ‡∑à“°—∫ 2.678 ¡°/°°. ·≈– 2.591 ¡°/°°. µ“¡ ≈”¥—∫ ®“°°“√µ√«®§√—Èßπ’ȉ¡àæ∫·§¥‡¡’¬¡„πª≈“ Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑—Èß 5 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¡à ‰ ¥â °”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π°“√ ªπ‡ªóô Õ π¢Õß·§¥‡¡’ ¬ ¡„πÕ“À“√ à « π„πµà “ ß ª√–‡∑»¡’ ° “√°”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π°“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π ·§¥‡¡’¬¡„πÕ“À“√„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª ·µà ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª®–„™â¡“µ√∞“πÕ“À“√√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» (Codex Standard) ´÷Ë ß °”Àπ¥ª√‘ ¡ “≥ ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‰¥â‰¡à‡°‘π 2 ¡°/°°. ‡¡◊ËÕ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫¡“µ√∞“π ¡’µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’˪π‡ªóôÕπ ·§¥‡¡’ˬ¡‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ߪ√–‡¿∑À¡÷° ®”π«π√âÕ¬≈– 10.7 ¢Õßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‚¥æ∫∑’ËÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 2 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊ÕÀ¡÷° ‡µà“∑Õß ·≈–À¡÷°·Àâßºà“ æ∫∑’Ë∫â“π‡æ √–¬Õß ®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß„πÀ¡÷°·°–µ“ æ∫∑’¡Ë “∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πÀ¡÷°©“∫ æ∫∑’∑Ë “à „À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√’®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πÀ¡÷°·°–µ“ ·≈– æ∫∑’Ë·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ ®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „π À¡÷°°–µÕ¬

∂“π°“√≥姫“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°

1.3 µ–°—Ë« æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õßµ–°—Ë«„π Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ √âÕ¬≈– 35.7 µ–°—Ë«ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë0.373 ¡°/°°. æ∫µ–°—Ë«„πÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿Ÿà ∑’ËÀπÕß ¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ¡’§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 1.439 ¡°/°°. æ∫ µ–°—Ë«„πµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑’Ë¡“®“°ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’®”π«π 19 µ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 20 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ¬°‡«âπª≈“Õ‘π∑√åÀÕ¡∑’ˉ¡àæ∫µ–°—Ë« æ∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß Õ“À“√∑–‡≈®“°·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ ¡’µ–°—«Ë 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊ÕÀÕ¬À«“π·Àâß¡’µ–°—Ë«ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‡∑à“°—∫ 0.787 ¡°/°°. ∑—Èßπ’ȉ¡àæ∫µ–°—Ë«„πµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ ®“°∑’ÕË π◊Ë §◊Õ ∫â“π‡æ ¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß ·≈–∑à“„À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ®“°®”π«πµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ æ∫«à“ÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿ŸàÕ∫·Àâß ®“°ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ¡’ 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’§à“µ–°—Ë«ªπ‡ªóôÕπ ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë °”À𥵓¡ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë 98 (æ.».2529)(12) §◊Õ¡’ “√ªπ‡ªóÕô πµ–°—«Ë ‡°‘π 1 ¡°/ °°.

1.4 “√ÀπŸ æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ÀπŸ „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈√âÕ¬≈–100 „π∑ÿ°æ◊Èπ∑’Ë æ∫ “√ÀπŸ „πµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈¡’§“à ‡©≈’¬Ë ‡∑à“°—∫ 7.075 ¡°/ °°. æ∫ “√ÀπŸ„πÀ¡÷°·°–µ“ ®“°ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ¡’§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 30.564 ¡°/°°. √Õß≈ß¡“æ∫ „πÀ¡÷°°√Õ∫®“°∫â“π‡æ √–¬Õß ¡’ “√ÀπŸ‡∑à“°—∫ 25.005 ¡°/°°. ¡“µ√∞“π°”À𥵓¡ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë 98 (æ.».2529)(12) √–∫ÿ„Àâ Õ“À“√∑’¡Ë ’ “√ªπ‡ªóÕô π∑’ºË ≈‘µ π”‡¢â“ À√◊Õ∑’®Ë ”Àπà“¡’ “√ÀπŸªπ‡ªóÕô πµâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 2 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕÕ“À“√ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕ¡“‰¥â¡’ª√–°“» (©∫—∫∑’Ë 273) ≈ß «—π∑’Ë 16 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.».2546 ·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ „Àâ Õ“À“√∑’¡Ë ’ “√ªπ‡ªóÕô π “√ÀπŸ„π√ŸªÕπ‘π∑√’¬å (Inorganic Arsenic) µâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 2 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ µàÕ Õ“À“√ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ”À√—∫ —µ«åπÈ”·≈–Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ ·≈– “√ÀπŸ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Total Arsenic) ªπ‡ªóôÕπ

µâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 2 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕÕ“À“√ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ”À√—∫ Õ“À“√Õ◊Ëπ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°¢â Õ ®”°— ¥ „π°“√«‘ ®— ¬ ·≈–°“√ µ√«®«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ´÷Ë ß Àâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√ à « π„À≠à „ π ª√–‡∑» ®–¥”‡π‘ π °“√µ√«® “√ÀπŸ ∑—È ß À¡¥ (Total Arsenic) ‰¡à‰¥âµ√«® “√ÀπŸ„π√ŸªÕπ‘π∑√’¬å (Inorganic Arsenic) ·≈–°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå ‡æ◊Ë Õ à ß ‘ π §â “ ÕÕ°‰¡à ‰ ¥â ¡’ ¢â Õ °”Àπ¥„Àâ µ √«® “√ÀπŸ„π√ŸªÕπ‘π∑√’¬å ß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷߉¡à‰¥â¥”‡π‘π °“√µ√«® “√ÀπŸ„π√ŸªÕπ‘π∑√’¬å ·µàÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ÀπŸ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„πµ—«Õ¬à“ß Ÿß ¡“° ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫¡“µ√∞“π “√ÀπŸ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ æ∫«à“¡’§à“‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π √âÕ¬≈– 75 2. º≈°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å ·≈– ‡™◊ÕÈ √“ º≈°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ ¥—ß· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ¥—ßπ’È 2.1 ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√’¬∑å ß—È À¡¥ (Aerobic Plate Count) æ∫„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ ®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“°ÿâß·Àâß ®“°·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ ¡’§à“ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 2.3 x 1011 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ √Õß≈ß¡“æ∫«à“°ÿâ߇π◊ÈÕ®“°¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß ·≈–®“°ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 5.7 x 1010 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ·≈– 2.8 x 108 ‚§‚≈π’/ °√—¡ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß°√¡«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√æ√â Õ ¡ ∫√‘‚¿§ ”À√—∫®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Aerobic Plate Count) „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§ µâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 50,000 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ‚¥¬„πª≈“·Àâß ·≈– °ÿâß·Àâß µâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 10,000 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ „π°“√»÷°…“ §√—È ß π’È æ ∫«à “ µ— « Õ¬à “ ßÕ“À“√¡’ ®ÿ ≈‘ π ∑√’ ¬å ‡ °‘ π ¡“µ√∞“π®”π«π 29 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ®“° 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‚≈À–Àπ—° „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ ÀπÕß¡π ∫â“π‡æ ¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ ∑à“„À¡à ·À≈¡ßÕ∫ √«¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ √–¬Õß √–¬Õß ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ µ√“¥ 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 20 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 10 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 10µ—«Õ¬à“ß 8 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 8 µ—«Õ¬à“ß

°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ

ª√Õ∑ (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) §à“‡©≈’ˬ (¡°/°°. ) §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (¡°/°°. ) ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π 0.5 ¡°/°°.(µ—«Õ¬à“ß) ·§¥‡¡’ˬ¡ (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) §à“‡©≈’ˬ (¡°/°°. ) §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (¡°/°°. ) ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π 2 ¡°/°°. (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) µ–°—Ë« (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) §à“‡©≈’ˬ (¡°/°°. ) §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (¡°/°°. ) ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π 1 ¡°/°°. (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) “√ÀπŸ (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) §à“‡©≈’ˬ (¡°/°°. ) §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (¡°/°°. )

20 0.137 1.155 1 19 0.631 2.678 2 19 0.346 1.439 1 20 8.706 30.564

10 0.538 2.620 3 9 0.846 5.209 1 0 10 6.892 22.311

(51.8%) „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ ‚¥¬æ∫∑’Ë ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’®”π«π 11 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πª≈“ À«“πÕ∫·Àâß ÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿ŸàÕ∫·Àâß À¡÷°·Àâß ÀÕÀ«“π·Àâß À¡÷°·°–µ“ À¡÷°‡µà“∑Õß ª≈“«ß·Àâß À¡÷°·Àâßºà“ °ÿâß·Àâß (°ÿâß·°â«) ª≈“≈‘ÈπÀ¡“Õ∫·Àâß °ÿâß·Àâß (°ÿâ߇π◊ÈÕ) æ∫∑’Ë∫â“π‡æ √–¬Õß®”π«π 4 µ—«Õ¬à“ß„πª≈“™àÕπ∑–‡≈ ª≈“¢â“« “√ ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å À¡÷°·°–µ“ æ∫∑’Ë¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß ®”π«π 4 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πÀ¡÷°«ß ª≈“„∫‰ºà ÀÕ¬·Àâß °ÿâ߇π◊ÈÕ æ∫∑’Ë∑à“„À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 4 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πª≈“ ·Àâß ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬·å ™à À¡÷°‡ âπ¢“« À¡÷°·°–µ“ æ∫ ∑’Ë·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ ®”π«π 6 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „π°ÿâß·Àâß ª≈“√‘«°‘« ª≈“Õ‘π∑√’¬å ª≈“·Àâß À¡÷°°–µÕ¬ ÀÕ·¡≈ß¿Ÿà·Àâß 80

µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

10 1.276 7.277 5 9 0.738 2.489 1 0 10 6.014 11.153

8 1.088 3.619 4 7 0.648 2.284 1 0 8 5.549 29.774

8 0.474 1.594 2 7 0.638 2.490 1 1 0.787 0.787 8 6.078 12.275

56(100%) 0.621 7.277 15(26.8%) 51(91.1%) 0.693 5.209 6(10.7%) 20(37.5%) 0.373 1.439 1(1.8%) 56(100%) 7.075 30.564

2.2 ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ (Mold) æ∫¡“°„πÕ“À“√ ∑–‡≈·Àâß®“°ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’¡“°°«à“∑’ËÕ◊ËπÊ ´÷Ëß æ∫∑—Èß„π°ÿâß ª≈“ ª≈“À¡÷° ÀÕ¬ ·≈–æ∫‡™◊ÈÕ√“ „πª≈“À«“πÕ∫·Àâß ·≈–ÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿ŸàÕ∫·Àâß ¡’ §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ëæ∫ §◊Õ 3.9 x 10 3 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß°√¡«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√æ√â Õ ¡ ∫√‘ ‚ ¿§ ”À√— ∫ ‡™◊È Õ √“„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·µà ≈ – ª√–‡¿∑µà“ß°—π §◊Õ„πª≈“·Àâß ÀÕ¬·Àâß µâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 1,000 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ °ÿßâ ·ÀâßµâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 500 ‚§‚≈π’/ °√—¡ ·≈– À¡÷°·ÀâßµâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π 200 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ®“°°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√¡’‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π√âÕ¬≈– 17.8 ∑—ßÈ „π°ÿßâ ª≈“ À¡÷° ÀÕ‚¥¬¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßπ’È §◊Õæ∫∑’ËÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’

∂“π°“√≥姫“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å ·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ√“ „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ

®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) §à“‡©≈’ˬ (‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡) §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡) ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π* (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ (µ—«Õ¬à“ß) §à“‡©≈’ˬ (‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡) §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡) ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π** (µ—«Õ¬à“ß)

√«¡ ÀπÕß¡π ∫â“π‡æ ¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ ∑à“„À¡à ·À≈¡ßÕ∫ √–¬Õß √–¬Õß ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ µ√“¥ 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ™≈∫ÿ√’ 20 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 10 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 10µ—«Õ¬à“ß 8 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 8 µ—«Õ¬à“ß 20 10 7 2.4 x 10 3.2 x 106 2.8 x 108 2.7 x 107 11 4 20 10 2 7.48 x 10 4.65 x 101 3.9 x 103 3 x 102 7 1

10 5.7 x 109 5.7 x 1010 4 10 6.9 x 101 2.9 x 102 1

8 4.4 x105 2.2x106 4 8 1.24x102 3.9x102 1

8 2.8 x1010 2.3x1011 6 8 8.13x101 4.0x102 -

56 (100%) 5.1 x 109 2.3 x 1011 29 (51.8%) 56 (100%) 3.17 x 102 3.9 x 103 10 (17.9%)

* ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§ <50,000 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ª≈“·Àâß ·≈– °ÿâß·Àâß <10,000 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ** ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ „π ª≈“·Àâß ÀÕ¬·Àâß <1,000 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ °ÿâß·Àâß <500 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ·≈– À¡÷°·Àâß <200 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡

®”π«π 7 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „π°ÿâß·Àâß (°ÿâ߇π◊ÈÕ) ª≈“ À«“πÕ∫·Àâß À¡÷°·°–µ“ À¡÷°·Àâßºà“ À¡÷°Õ∫ ·Àâß À¡÷°™ÿ∫µ—«ßÕ ÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿ŸàÕ∫·Àâß æ∫∑’Ë ∫â“π‡æ √–¬Õß ®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π‡»…À¡÷° æ∫ ∑’Ë¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß ®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß„πÀ¡÷°«ß æ∫∑’Ë∑à“„À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ ®”π«π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π∑“‚√ à«π∑’Ë·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ ‰¡àæ∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ‡°‘π°”Àπ¥ 3. √ÿ ª º≈°“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π®”·π°µ“¡ ª√–‡¿∑Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õßµ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ ¡’ √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥¥— ß · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 §◊ Õ °“√ªπ ‡ªóÕô πª√Õ∑ æ∫§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ª≈“ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ À¡÷° °ÿâß ·≈– ÀÕ¬ (7.277, 1.89, 1.054, 1.044 ¡°/°°. µ“¡ ≈”¥—∫) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“°§à“‡©≈’ˬ¡’≈”¥—∫®“° ¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ª≈“¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ °ÿâß À¡÷° ·≈– ÀÕ¬ (0.940, 0.448, 0.373, 0.272 ¡°/°°. µ“¡≈”¥—∫) º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫

«à“§à“‡©≈’ˬ¢Õߪ√Õ∑„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π (p = 0.284) °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕ𷧥‡¡’¬¡ æ∫§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ ¡’ ≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑À¡÷° Ÿß∑’ Ë ¥ÿ √Õß ≈ß¡“§◊Õ °ÿßâ ª≈“ ·≈–ÀÕ¬ (5.209, 1.223, 0.403, 0.304 ¡°/°°. µ“¡≈”¥—∫) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“° §à“‡©≈’ˬ ¡’≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑À¡÷° ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ÀÕ¬ °ÿâß ·≈– ª≈“ (1.168, 0.34, 0.309, 0.117 ¡°/°°. µ“¡≈”¥—∫) º≈°“√ ∑¥ Õ∫∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫«à“§à“‡©≈’ˬ·§¥‡¡’¬¡„πÀ¡÷° ¡“°°«à“Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ª√–‡¿∑Õ◊ËπÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµ–°—Ë« æ∫§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’≈”¥—∫ ®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ÀÕ¬ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß ¡“§◊Õ À¡÷° ª≈“ ·≈– °ÿâß (1.439, 0.408, 0.402, 0.312 ¡°/°°. µ“¡≈”¥—∫) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“° §à“‡©≈’ˬ ¡’≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ÀÕ¬ ¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ À¡÷° ª≈“ ·≈– °ÿâß (0.897, 0.285, 0.194, <0.095 ¡°/°°. µ“¡

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ≈”¥—∫) º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫«à“§à“‡©≈’Ë¢Õßµ–°—Ë«„πÀÕ¬¡“°°«à“Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ª√–‡¿∑Õ◊Ëπ Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ÀπŸ æ∫§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’≈”¥—∫ ®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑À¡÷° Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß ¡“§◊Õ ÀÕ¬ °ÿßâ ·≈–ª≈“ (29.774, 18.38, 11.153, 7.832 ¡°/°°. µ“¡≈”¥—∫) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“° §à“‡©≈’ˬ ¡’≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑À¡÷° ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ÀÕ¬ °ÿâß ·≈– ª≈“ (11.595, 6.614, 5.918, 2.614 ¡°/°°. µ“¡ ≈”¥—∫) º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫«à“§à“‡©≈’Ë¢Õß “√ÀπŸ„πÀ¡÷°¡“°°«à“ª≈“Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å æ∫§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’≈”¥—∫ ®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑°ÿâß Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“ §◊Õ ª≈“ À¡÷° ·≈–ÀÕ¬ (2.3 x 1011, 8.1 x 107, 6.3 x 107, 4.6 x 105 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ µ“¡≈”¥—∫) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“°§à“‡©≈’ˬ ¡’≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ª

πâÕ¬‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑°ÿâß ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß ¡“§◊Õ ª≈“ À¡÷° ·≈–ÀÕ¬ (5.7 x 1010, 5.3 x 106, 2.8 x 106, 1.3 x 105 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ µ“¡ ≈”¥—∫) º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫«à“§à“‡©≈’Ë¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„π°ÿâß¡“°°«à“Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ª√–‡¿∑ Õ◊ËπÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ æ∫§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’≈”¥—∫ ®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ÀÕ¬ ·≈–ª≈“ ‡∑à“°—π √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ À¡÷° ·≈–°ÿâß (3.9 x 103, 3.9 x 103, 3.1 x 103, 8.3 x 102 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ µ“¡≈”¥—∫) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“°§à“‡©≈’ˬ ¡’≈”¥—∫®“°¡“°‰ª πâÕ¬§◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑ÀÕ¬ ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ °ÿâß À¡÷° ·≈–ª≈“ (8.08 x 102, 3.18 x 102, 2.71 x 102, 2.54 x 102 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ µ“¡≈”¥—∫) º≈ °“√∑¥ Õ∫∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫«à“§à“‡©≈’ˬ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“ „π Õ“À“√∑–‡≈·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π (p = 0.548)

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕ𮔷𰵓¡ª√–‡¿∑Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ §à“‡©≈’ˬ°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ

°ÿâß

ª≈“

À¡÷°

ÀÕ¬

p-value

ª√Õ∑ (¡°/°°.) ·§¥‡¡’ˬ¡ (¡°/°°.) µ–°—Ë« (¡°/°°.) “√ÀπŸ (¡°/°°.) ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥(‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡) ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ (‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡)

0.448 0.309 <0.095 5.918 5.7 x 1010 3.18 x 102

0.940 0.117 0.194 2.614 5.3 x 106 2.54 x 102

0.373 1.168 0.285 11.595 2.8 x 106 2.71 x 102

0.272 0.340 0.897 6.614 1.3 x 105 8.08 x 102

0.284 0.008* 0.004* 0.002* 0.001* 0.548

*Sig (p-value <0.05)

√ÿªº≈·≈–Õ¿‘ª√“º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ æ∫°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‚≈À–Àπ—°„π —¥ à«π∑’Ë Ÿß¡“°∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 100 ‚¥¬°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ∑’Ëæ∫¡’√–¥—∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ 82

µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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Ÿß·≈–‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π°”Àπ¥„π —¥ à«π∑’ Ë ßŸ ¡“° §◊Õ °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπª√Õ∑‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π√âÕ¬≈– 26.8 ‚¥‡©æ“–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ ∑à“„À¡à ·≈–∫â“π‡æ ¡’ —¥ à«π Ÿß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 50 ·≈– 40 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ °“√

∂“π°“√≥姫“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑–‡≈„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°

ªπ‡ªóôÕ𷧥‡¡’¬¡‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π√âÕ¬≈– 10.7 °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµ–°—Ë«‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π√âÕ¬≈– 1.8 °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “¡“√∂‡°‘¥„π —µ«åπÈ”µ—Èß·µà Õ¬Ÿà„π∑–‡≈ ¥—ß¡’√“¬ß“π»÷°…“°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß ‚≈À–Àπ—° 5 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ª√Õ∑ µ–°—Ë« ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ —ß°– ’ ·≈–∑Õß·¥ß „π —µ«å∑–‡≈™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ∑’ˉ¥â ®“°æ◊πÈ ∑’ÕË µÿ “À°√√¡™“¬Ωíßò ∑–‡≈µ–«—πÕÕ°(13) æ∫ «à“„π —µ«å∑–‡≈∑’Ëπ‘§¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡·À≈¡©∫—ß¡’ ‚≈À–Àπ—° Ÿß‡°‘π√–¥—∫ª≈Õ¥¿—¬§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 15.7 à « π„ππ‘ § ¡Õÿ µ “À°√√¡¡“∫µ“æÿ ¥ ·≈–∑’Ë „ °≈â ‡§’¬ßæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 14.9 ¢Õßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π ·µà≈–∫√‘‡«≥ °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπª√Õ∑ „π°“√»÷°…“π’Èæ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπª√Õ∑¡“° ∑’Ë ÿ¥„πª≈“ ∑’Ë¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ √–¬Õß πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß æ∫„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ª√–‡¿∑Õ◊Ëπ ‚¥¬§à“‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß ª√Õ∑„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π · ¥ß«à “ “¡“√∂æ∫ª√Õ∑„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ ° ª√–‡¿∑·µà®–æ∫¡“°„πª≈“ ´÷Ëß°“√ – ¡¢Õß ª√Õ∑„πÀà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√®–¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§„πÀà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√ ‡™àπ “À√à“¬ ÀÕª≈“ ‚¥¬ª√‘¡“≥°“√ – ¡ª√Õ∑¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ‡™‘ ß ‡ â π µ√ßµ“¡√–¥— ∫ ¢—È π ¢ÕߺŸâ ∫ √‘ ‚ ¿§≈”¥— ∫ µà“ßÊ(14) ·≈–ª≈“¢π“¥„À≠à®–¡’°“√ – ¡¢Õß ª√Õ∑ Ÿß°«à“¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫º≈ ”√«®°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‚≈À–Àπ—°„π∫√‘‡«≥π‘§¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ·À≈¡©∫—ß(13) æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥ª√Õ∑¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ∑“ß∫«°°—∫§«“¡¬“«¢Õߪ≈“ √«¡∑—Èß —µ«å∑–‡≈ Õ◊Ëπ¥â«·π«‚πâ¡°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπª√Õ∑„πª≈“∑’ˇ°‘π ¡“µ√∞“π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷È𠇙àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫Õ—µ√“‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√ ∫√‘‚¿§‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ—µ√“°“√∫√‘‚¿§ª≈“¢Õß §π‰∑¬‰¥â‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“° 22 ‡ªìπ 28 °‘‚≈°√—¡/§π/ ªï „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑—Èßπ’ȉ¥â¡’¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–«à“§«√®—¥∑”

·ºπ°“√®— ¥ °“√§«∫§ÿ ¡ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æπÈ” ∑‘È ß ·≈–„™â ·π«∑“ß°“√‰¡à√–∫“¬¢Õ߇ ’¬ÕÕ° Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑“ß∑–‡≈ (zero discharge)(15) √«¡∂÷ß°“√ §«∫§ÿ¡µ‘¥µ“¡°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õߪ√Õ∑∑’Ë¡“®“° °“√¢ÿ¥‡®“–ªî‚µ√‡≈’ˬ¡„πÕà“«‰∑°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕ𷧥‡¡’ˬ¡ „π°“√»÷°…“π’Èæ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕ𷧥‡¡’¬¡ ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π√âÕ¬≈– 10.7 ‡ªìπª√–‡¿∑À¡÷°∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ‚¥¬§à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ ·§¥‡¡’ ¬ ¡„πÀ¡÷ ° ¡“°°«à “ Õ“À“√ ∑–‡≈ª√–‡¿∑Õ◊ËπÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ®“°°√¡ª√–¡ß(16) √–∫ÿ«à“ “√·§¥‡¡’¬¡®–ªπ ‡ªóô Õ π„πÀ¡÷ ° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–À¡÷ ° ≈“¬·≈–À¡÷ ° °√–¥Õß¡“°°«à“À¡÷°°≈⫬ ‡æ√“–∏√√¡™“µ‘°“√ À“°‘π∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π§◊Õ À¡÷°≈“¬À“°‘πµ“¡º‘«¥‘π ‡¢µπÈ”µ◊Èπ À¡÷°°√–¥ÕßÀ“°‘πµ“¡º‘«¥‘π„π∑–‡≈ à«πÀ¡÷°°≈⫬®–À“°‘π°≈“ß∑–‡≈ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ °“√»÷ ° …“«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ª √‘ ¡ “≥·§¥‡¡’ ¬ ¡„π º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å À ¡÷ ° ·™à ‡ ¬◊ Õ °·¢Á ß ‡æ◊Ë Õ °“√ à ß ÕÕ°(17) 1590 µ—«Õ¬à“ß æ∫«à“ À¡÷°°≈⫬¡’·§¥‡¡’¬¡µË” ÿ¥ §◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 0.01- 0.50 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ´÷Ëߵ˔ °«à“‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ àßÕÕ° à«πÀ¡÷° °√–¥Õß·≈–À¡÷ ° “¬¡’ · §¥‡¡’ ¬ ¡ Ÿ ß °«à “ ‡°≥±å ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 5 ·≈– 3 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ º≈ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·§¥‡¡’¬¡„πÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ à«πµà“ßÊ æ∫«à“„π‡§√◊ËÕß„π‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π¡—π ·≈–∂ÿß∑√“¡’·§¥‡¡’¬¡‡©≈’ˬ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∂÷ß¡“°°«à“ 1 à«π„π ≈â“π à«π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„πÀ¡÷°¬—°…å ∑’Ëæ∫·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ¡“°∂÷ß 30 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ·µà ”À√—∫ à«πÕ◊ËπÊ ¢ÕßÀ¡÷ ° ∑ÿ ° ™π‘ ¥ ¡’ · §¥‡¡’ ¬ ¡µË” °«à “ ‡°≥±å ¡“µ√∞“π°”Àπ¥‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ àßÕÕ° §◊Õ 1 à«π„π ≈â“π à«π ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—߇æ◊ËÕ°“√ àßÕÕ° §«√ µ—¥·µà߇§√◊ËÕß„πÕÕ°„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ „Àâ‡À≈◊Õ·µà à«π ‡π◊ÈÕ·≈–À—« ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥·§¥‡¡’¬¡∑’ËÕ“®ªπ‡ªóôÕπ Ÿß °«à “ ‡°≥±å ¡ “µ√∞“𠇙à 𠇥’ ¬ «°— π ¢â Õ ·π–π”

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

83

∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߮“°°“√‰¥â√—∫ ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ®÷ߧ«√‡Õ“‰ âÕÕ°∑ÿ°§√—Èß°àÕππ”À¡÷° ¡“√—∫ª√–∑“π °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµ–°—Ë« „π°“√»÷°…“π’ȉ¡àæ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµ–°—Ë«„π µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√ „πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡“∫µ“æÿ¥ ·≈–∫â“π‡æ √–¬Õß ·≈– ∑à“„À¡à ®—π∑∫ÿ√’ æ∫µ–°—Ë«„π 20 ®“° 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß (35.7%) ‚¥¬æ∫ 19 µ—«Õ¬à“ß„π æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß (1.8%) „πÀÕ¬·¡≈ß¿ŸÕà ∫·Àâß 1.439 ¡°/°°. ·≈– æ∫ 1 µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë·À≈¡ßÕ∫ µ√“¥ §à“‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß µ–°—Ë « „πÀÕ¬¡“°°«à “ Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ª√–‡¿∑Õ◊Ë π Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) Õ“À“√∑–‡≈¡’‚Õ°“ °“√ªπ‡ªóÕô π “√µ–°—«Ë ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π √‘¡Ωíòß∑’Ë¡’ ·À≈àß™ÿ¡™πÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà ®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ À√◊Õ ®“°¿“™π–∑’Ë∫√√®ÿ ®÷ߧ«√¡’°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ßÕ¬à“ßµàÕ ‡π◊ËÕß·≈–»÷°…“À“ “‡Àµÿ°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õßµ–°—Ë« µàÕ‰ª °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ÀπŸ „π°“√»÷°…“π’Èæ∫ “√ÀπŸ∑—Èß 56 µ—«Õ¬à“ß (100%) §à“‡©≈’¬Ë 7.075 ¡°/°°. §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ 30.564 ¡°/°°. æ∫„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ „πÀ¡÷° §à“‡©≈’ˬ “√ÀπŸ„πÀ¡÷°¡“°°«à“ª≈“Õ¬à“ß ¡’π¬— ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ °“√»÷ ° …“·À≈à ß ¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ª√–™“™π‰¥â√∫— “√æ‘…‚≈À–Àπ—° „πŒàÕß°ß (18) „π °√≥’¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ “√ÀπŸÕπ‘π∑√’¬å “¡“√∂‰¥â√—∫ ®“°Õ“À“√∑–‡≈∑’ˉ¡à„™àª≈“¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ (51%) √Õß ≈ß¡“§◊Õ®“°ª≈“ (26%) ∏—≠æ◊™·≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±å (10%) º—° (6%) ‡π◊ÈÕ·≈– —µ«åªï° (4%) π¡·≈– º≈‘µ¿—≥±å (3%) ´÷Ëߺ≈°“√»÷°…“π’È Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ∑’Ë¡’°“√»÷°…“„π ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬ Õ‡¡√‘°“ ·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑’Ë√–∫ÿ«à“Õ“À“√∑–‡≈‡ªìπ·À≈àߢÕßÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°“√ 84

µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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ªπ‡ªóô Õ π∑”„Àâ √à “ ß°“¬‰¥â √— ∫ æ‘ … ®“° “√ÀπŸ ‰ ¥â ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å æ∫„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°µ—«Õ¬à“ß ∑ÿ°æ◊Èπ∑’Ë „π ∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ 2.3 x 1011 ‚§‚≈π’/°√—¡ ‚¥æ∫«à“¡’®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√’¬∑å ß—È À¡¥‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π 29 µ—«Õ¬à“ß (51.8%) °“√µ√«® Õ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π¢Õß ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„πº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâß®“°µ≈“¥ µà“ßÊ „π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’·≈–√–¬Õß ®”π«π 13 ™π‘¥Ê ≈– 13 µ—«Õ¬à“ß √«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ 169 µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πªï 2550(19) æ∫«à“¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß Salmonella spp. „πº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâß®”π«π 6 µ—«Õ¬à“ß (3.5%) ´÷Ë߉¡àºà“π‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ë °”À𥉫â«à“®–µâÕßµ√«®‰¡àæ∫ Salmonella „π µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√ 25 °√—¡ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫°“√ªπ ‡ªóô Õ π¢Õß Staphylococcus aureus „π º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâß®”π«π 3 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ·µà ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ëæ∫¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å∑’Ë¡“µ√∞“π°”Àπ¥ §◊յ˔°«à“ 100 MPN/g (Most Probable Numbers/gram) °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„πÕ“À“√ Õ“®‡°‘¥ ‰¥â„π∑ÿ°¢—ÈπµÕπµ—Èß·µà«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫∑’ËÕ“®‡°Á∫√—°…“„π ¿“æ‰¡à ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß ¡’ ° “√∫Ÿ ¥ ‡πà “ ‡ ’ ¬ À√◊ Õ „π °√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ °“√∫√√®ÿ °“√®”Àπà“¬∑’ˉ¡à –Õ“¥ ¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ ®÷ßµâÕß¡’°“√√–¡—¥√–«—ß„π ∑ÿ°¢—πÈ µÕπ °“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°µ—«Õ¬à“ß „πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ §à“ Ÿß ÿ¥ 3.9 x 103 ‚§ ‚≈π’/°√—¡ ∫√‘‡«≥∑’æË ∫¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ §◊Õ ÀπÕß¡π ™≈∫ÿ√’ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“¡’®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“ππ’È 10 µ—«Õ¬à“ß (17.9%) Õ“À“√∑–‡≈‡À≈à“π’È à«π„À≠à ‡ªìπÕ“À“√æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§ ´÷ËߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§®–‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ ‡À≈à“π’È∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬‰¥â‚¥¬µ√ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–

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„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“»√âÕπ™◊Èπ®–æ∫ ‡™◊ÈÕ√“Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«‰ª „πƒ¥Ÿ°“≈∑’Ë¡’Ωπ °“√∑”„Àâ Õ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘‚¥¬„™â°“√º÷Ëß·¥¥ ¡—°®–‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ·Àâß π‘∑‰¥â √«¡∂÷ß°“√ ‡°Á∫√—°…“Õ“À“√∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“– ¡®–æ∫¡’‡™◊ÈÕ√“‡°‘¥ ¢÷Èπ¡“°¡“¬ „π°√≥’∑’Ë¡’®”π«π‡™◊ÈÕ¡“°Ê ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ∫“ß™π‘¥ “¡“√∂ √â“ßæ‘…∑’ˇªìπÕ—πµ√“¬‰¥â ‡™àπ Aflatoxin ´÷Ë ß “¡“√∂∑𧫓¡√â Õ π‰¥â Ÿ ß ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”≈“¬æ‘…‡À≈à“π’‰È ¥â ®“°√“¬ß“π«‘®¬— (19) æ∫«à“ Õ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâß¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“ ·≈–¬’ µå‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π 98 µ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°∑—ßÈ À¡¥ 169 µ— « Õ¬à “ ß (53.25%) ‚¥¬√â Õ ¬≈– 23.47 ¢Õß µ—«Õ¬à“߇À≈à“π’È ¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“ “æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë ß —¬«à“®– √â“ß “√æ‘… Aflatoxin æ∫«à“ ¡’‡™◊ÈÕ√“ “¬æ—π∏ÿå ∑’Ë √â“ß “√æ‘… Aflatoxin „π Õ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâߥ‘∫ 52 isolates §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 8.41 à«π„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈·Àâßæ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§ æ∫ ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ “¬æ—π∏ÿå ∑’Ë √â“ß “√æ‘… Aflatoxin 42 isolates §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 10.25 °“√æ∫ “√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈‰¡à‰¥â À¡“¬§«“¡«à“®–µâÕßߥ°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ ‡æ√“–Õ“À“√∑–‡≈¡’§≥ ÿ §à“∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√¡“° „π ªï §.». 2004 Õߧ尓√Õ“À“√·≈–¬“ À√—∞œ (FDA) ·≈– ”π— ° ß“πæ‘ ∑— ° …å ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡¢Õß À√— ∞ œ (EPA) ·π–π”«à“ µ√’¡’§√√¿å§«√®”°—¥°“√√—∫ ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√∑–‡≈ ‰¡à„À⇰‘π —ª¥“Àå≈– 340 °√—¡ (‡∑à“°—∫√“«Ê 2 - 3 ¡◊ÕÈ ) ‡π◊ÕË ß®“° “√‡§¡’æ…‘ Õ“∑‘ ª√Õ∑ “¡“√∂ – ¡Õ¬Ÿà„πµ—«ª≈“ °ÿâß ªŸ ÀÕ¬ Õ“® ∑”≈“¬æ—≤π“°“√¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ„π§√√¿å‰¥â ·µà¡’ °“√«‘®—¬„À¡à∑’ˉ¥âµ‘¥µ“¡»÷°…“À≠‘ß¡’§√√¿å„π À √“™Õ“≥“®—°√®”π«π°«à“ 8,000 §πµ—Èß·µàªï§.».

1991 - 92 ¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫√‘ µÕ≈ æ∫«à“°“√ ∑’Ë¡“√¥“°‘πª≈“·≈–Õ“À“√∑–‡≈„πª√‘¡“≥¡“° ¢≥–µ—Èß∑âÕß ®–™à«¬‡æ‘Ë¡æ—≤π“°“√¥â“𧫓¡√Ÿâ

∑—°…–„π°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ ‰Õ§‘«¥â“π§”查¢Õß≈Ÿ° ´÷Ëß ª√–‚¬™πå ∑ “ß‚¿™π“°“√π’È πà “ ®–¡’ πÈ” Àπ— ° ¡“° °«à “ §«“¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ßÕ— π ‡°‘ ¥ ®“° “√æ‘ …(20) Õ¬à“߉√ °Á µ “¡°“√∫√‘ ‚ ¿§Õ“À“√∑–‡≈„Àâ ‰ ¥â §ÿ ≥ §à “ ∑“ß ‚¿™π“°“√ ·≈–‰¡à¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√‡§¡’ ·≈– Õ—πµ√“¬Õ◊ËπÊ ®÷߇ªì𧔵Õ∫∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß µâÕßÀ“Àπ∑“ß∑”Õ¬à“߉√‰¡à„Àâ¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„π Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ πÕ°®“°π’È Õ “À“√∑–‡≈‡ªì π ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ‡ªìπ ‘π§â“ àßÕÕ°∑’πË ”√“¬‰¥â ªŸà √–‡∑»·≈–¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§ ·π« ‚πâ ¡ °“√ à ß ÕÕ°Õ“À“√∑–‡≈∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° °’ ¥ °— π ‚¥¡“µ√°“√¿“…’®–≈¥≈߇√◊ËÕ¬Ê „π¢≥–∑’Ë¡“µ√°“√ ∑“ß ÿ ¢ Õπ“¡— ¬ ®–¡’ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ ¡“°¢÷È π ‚¥‡©æ“–„πª√–‡∑»∑’Ëæ—≤π“ ‡æ√“–ª√–‡∑»‡À≈à“π’È ¡Õß«à“§π‡ªìπ∑√—欓°√∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ©–π—πÈ Õ“À“√∑’ªË √–™“°√®–°‘π‡¢â“‰ªµâÕß¡’§≥ ÿ ¿“æ ∫“ߪ√–‡∑»„™â ‡ √◊Ë Õ ßπ’È ‡ ªì π ¢â Õ Õâ “ ß„π°“√°’ ¥ °— π ∑“ß°“√§â“ ‡™àπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“µ’°≈—∫ ‘π§â“‡°…µ√ ¢Õ߉∑¬°«à“ 60 √“¬°“√ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈æ∫ “√ªπ ‡ªóôÕπ∑“ßÕ“À“√ ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ߧ«“¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬¢Õß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¥â«°“√·°â ªí ≠ À“°“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π‚≈À–Àπ— ° ‰¡à “¡“√∂®—¥°“√‰¥â‚¥¬ßà“¬ µâÕß„™â‡«≈“π“π·≈– ‘πÈ ‡ª≈◊Õß§à“„™â®à“¬°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈ °“√∑’Ë®–øóôπøŸ ¿“æ·«¥≈â Õ ¡„Àâ ° ≈— ∫ §◊ π µâ Õ ß„™â ß ∫ª√–¡“≥ ¡Ÿ≈§à“¡À“»“≈·≈–Õ“®‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ°≈—∫§◊π¥—ß ‡¥‘¡‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»·≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¿Ÿ¡‘ ¿“§„¥°Áµ“¡ µâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ß ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’ȥ⫬.

°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√«‘®—·Ààß™“µ‘ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫Ÿ√æ“ ∑’Ë„Àâ∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ ß∫ª√–¡“≥ß“π«‘®—¬π’È ·≈– ”π—°ß“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’„𧫓¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. °√¡ª√–¡ß. ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°°≈ÿà¡«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√§â“ ‘π§â“ª√–¡ß√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» «‘‡§√“–À宓°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∂‘µ‘°√¡»ÿ≈°“°√. „π‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√ —¡¡π“§≥–Õπÿ°√√¡°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ◊ËÕ°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ·¡à∫∑°“√®—¥°“√ª√–¡ß∑–‡≈ ≥ ‚√ß·√¡™≈惰…å√’ Õ√å∑ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√𓬰; 2550.

2. °√¡ª√–¡ß. ∂‘µ°‘ “√ª√–¡ß·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡Õ° “√©∫—∫∑’Ë 6/2548. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : »Ÿπ¬å “√ π‡∑» °√¡ª√–¡ß °√–∑√«ß ‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å; 2548.

3. ‡æÁ≠‚©¡ ·´àµ—Èß. √“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß ÿ¢¿“殓°°“√æ—≤π“π‘§¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡¡“∫µ“æÿ¥·≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„°≈â ‡§’¬ß. „π‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“·π«∑“ß·≈–«‘∏’°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°√–∑∫∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ. √–¬Õß: ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ( «√ ); 2547.

4. ÿπ—π∑“ ‚Õ»‘√‘ ·≈– π‘¿“ ¡À“√—™æß»å. ªí®®—¬∑“ß —ߧ¡∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ ÿ¢¿“æ„πª√–‡¥Áπ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡°—∫§«“¡¬“°®π : °√≥’ »÷°…“°“√æ—≤π“Õÿµ “À°√√¡¡“∫µ“æÿ¥. ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬; 2549.

5. °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…. °“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߷≈–Õ—µ√“°“√∫√‘‚¿§ª≈“∑–‡≈‰∑¬. à«π·À≈àßπÈ”∑–‡≈ ”π—°®—¥°“√ §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ” °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…; 2548.

6. °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…. √“¬ß“π©∫—∫ ÿ¥∑⓬ 炧√ß°“√ ”√«®·≈–®—¥À“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥¡≈æ‘…·≈–®—¥∑”·ºπªØ‘∫—µ‘ °“√øóôπøŸ§ÿ≥¿“æ·À≈àßπÈ”∫√‘‡«≥™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈Õà“«‰∑¬·≈–Ωíòß∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—πé.°√ÿ߇∑æœ: °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡ ¡≈æ‘…;2542.

7. °≈ÿ¡à ß“π§ÿ¡â §√ÕߺŸ∫â √‘‚¿§. √ÿªº≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚§√ß°“√√∂Àπ૬µ√«® Õ∫‡§≈◊ÕË π∑’‡Ë æ◊ÕË §«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¥â“πÕ“À“√ ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ 2551. ”π—°ß“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’; 2552.

8. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). In: Kenneth Helrich, Editor, Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15 ed., Washington, D.C.;1990.

9. Sheppard, BS, Heitkemper, DT and Gaston, CM. Microwave digestion for the determination of arsenic, cadmium and lead in seafood products by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry, Analyst, 1994; 119: 1683 - 1686.

10 . FDA. 2001. Chapter 3 -Aerobic Plate Count In Bacteriological analytical Manual Online at http:// www.cfsan.fda.gov/~ebam/bam-3.html#6-International 11. American Public Health Association (APHA), Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods, chapter 20. 4th ed., APHA, Washington, DC.;2001.

12. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. ¡“µ√∞“πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ “√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ. ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 98 (æ.». 2529) ≈ß «—π∑’Ë 21 ¡°√“§¡ 2529. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ : °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢; 2529.

13. ·««µ“ ∑Õß√–Õ“. °“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß‚≈À–Àπ—°„πæ◊Èπ∑’ËÕÿµ “À°√√¡™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°. ∂“∫—π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑“ß∑–‡≈ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫Ÿ√æ“; 2552.

14. Hansen, S and Riisgard, A. Biomagnification of Mercury in a Marine Grazing Food Chain. Mar. Ecol.

Prog. Sci. 1990.62 : 259-270.

15. °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…. √“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–∑”ß“π‡æ◊ËÕµ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫ªí≠À“ “√ª√Õ∑ §√—Èß∑’Ë 3 «—π՗ߧ“√∑’Ë 12 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2545 ΩÉ“¬¡≈æ‘…∑“ß∑–‡≈ °Õß®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”; 2545.

16. °√¡ª√–¡ß. ·§¥‡¡’¬¡®“°ª≈“À¡÷°„πÕ“À“√ª√ÿß ”‡√Á® (ÕÕπ‰≈πå). ◊∫§âπ®“° : http://lstoner.igetweb.com/ index.php?mo=14&newsid=38881 [24 °—𬓬π 2551] 17. ºÿ ¥’ ¡ÿÀ–À¡—¥. °“√»÷°…“ª√‘¡“≥·§¥‡¡’¬¡„πª≈“À¡÷°‡æ◊ÕË °“√ àßÕÕ°‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ ICP-AES. §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å (ÕÕπ‰≈πå). ◊∫§âπ®“° : http://gotoknow.org/blog/ya2/185763 [3 ∏—𫓧¡ 2551] 18. Melva Chen. What Kinds of Food Contribute Most to Our Arsenic Intake? Risk Assessment Section, Research Officer, Centre for Food Safety; 2008.

19. ∫—≠≠—µ‘ ÿ¢»√’ß“¡ ·≈–§≥–. ∂“π°“√≥å°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§„π°“√µ√«®«—¥®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å°àÕ‚√§„π Õ“À“√∑–‡≈‡æ◊ÕË ¡ÿßà Ÿ°à “√‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬åµ√«®®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√’¬·å ≈–°“√√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π ‘π§â“Õ“À“√∑–‡≈¢Õß¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫Ÿ√æ“; 2550.

20. ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√ √â“߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ. «‘®¬— ‡º¬ ·¡à°π‘ Õ“À“√∑–‡≈‡¬Õ–™à«¬‡¥Á°„π∑âÕß©≈“¥ (ÕÕπ‰≈πå). ◊∫§âπ®“° : www.thaihealth.or.th/cms/detail.php?id=5792-65k [20 ∏—𫓧¡ 2551] HEALTH

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µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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