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108 µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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§«“¡¬÷¥¡—ËπºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧå°√ ·≈–惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Relation to the High Performing Organization of Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health Public Health Technical Officer, Senior Professional Level Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health Bhusita Intaraprasong Associate Professor Dr. Faculty Of Public Health, Mahidol University Piyawan Glinsukon

Abstract This research was of a descriptive nature. It aimed to examine the relationship between organizational commitment (a psychological state that characterizes the employeeûs relationship with the organization and has implications for the decision to continue membership in the organization) and organizational citizenship behavior (individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization) in relation to its intention to be a high performing organization (an organization that over time continues to produce outstanding results with the highest level of human satisfaction and commitment to success) of the Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.

The sample group comprised of 284 Department of Health officers at every level except for those at the highest level of management, and officers at levels 9 and 10 at The Bureau of Technical Advisors. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and analyzed using Pearsonûs Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistics. The results revealed that 88% of the sampled Department of Health officers acknowledged that the organization needed further development in regards to the efficiency of the administration. As well, organizational commitment was at a moderate level and organizational citizenship behavior was at a high level. In addition, it was found that organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior had a moderately positive relationship with a high performing organization (r = 0.37 and 0.38, p-value < 0.01, respectively). The results from this research can be used by administrators at any level as a guideline to manage human resources and develop the Department of Health into a high performing organization.

Key words: High performing organization, Organizational commitment, Organizational citizenship behavior, Government officers, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2009

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¡¡µ‘∞“π°“√«‘®—1. §«“¡¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π ºŸ ° æ— π µà Õ Õß§å ° “√¢Õß ¢â “ √“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫°“√ ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß 2. 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫°“√ ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß

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°“√«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ‡ ªì π °“√«‘ ®— ¬ ‡™‘ ß Õ√√∂“∏‘ ∫ “(Explanatory research) ¥â « ¬°“√ ”√«® ·∫∫¿“§µ—¥¢«“ß (Cross-sectional survey) °≈ÿ¡à µ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ ¢â“√“™°“√¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ ∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘ß“π∑—Èß„π à«π°≈“ß·≈– à«π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ·≈– ¡‘‰¥â¥”√ßµ”·Àπà߇ªìπºŸâ∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫ Ÿß¢Õß°√¡ Õπ“¡—¬ ‰¥â·°à Õ∏‘∫¥’ √ÕßÕ∏‘∫¥’ ·≈–¢â“√“™°“√ √–¥—∫ 9-10 ¢Õß ”π—°∑’˪√÷°…“ °√¡Õπ“¡—®”π«π 284 §π„™â«‘∏’°“√ ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫ßà“(Simple random sampling) ‚¥¬„™â Ÿµ√Õâ“ß„π √Õ ‡πÕ√å (Rosner)(8) ‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬„™â ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡ (Questionnaires) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 4 à«π §◊Õ 1) ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡°“√‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘ Ï ßŸ ¢Õß §“√‘«·≈–§≥– (Carew, et al.) Õâ“ß „π ∫≈— ß ™“√å ¥ (Blanchard) ªï 2006 (9) 2) ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡¬÷¥¡—ËπºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧ尓√¢Õß ‡¡‡¬Õ√å Õ‡≈Áπ ·≈– ¡‘∏ (Meyer, Allen & Smith) ªï 1993(10)3) ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√¢Õß ¡‘∏ ÕÕ√å·°π ·≈–‡π’¬√å (Smith, Organ & Near) ªï 1983 Õâ“ß„π æÕ¥ ´“§Õøøá·≈–§≥– ªï 2000(11) 4) ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡ §ÿ ≥ ≈— ° … ≥ – à « π ∫ÿ § § ≈ ¢ Õ ß ° ≈ÿà ¡ µ— « Õ ¬à “ ß ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡‰¥â√—∫°“√µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡µ√ßµ“¡ ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ (Content validity) ·≈–°“√„™â¿“…“®“° ºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘ 3 ∑à“π ·≈–π”·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡‰ª ∑¥≈Õß„™â (Try-out) °—∫¢â“√“™°“√¢Õß ”π—°

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ π‚¬∫“¬·≈–¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å ”π—°ß“πª≈—¥°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ®”π«π 30 §π ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫§«“¡ ‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ (Reliability) ‚¥¬°“√«—¥ §«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß¿“¬„π (Internal consistency) ‚¥¬„™â §à “ — ¡ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘Ï · Õ≈ø“¢ÕߧÕπ∫“§ (Conbachûs alpha coefficients) ‰¥â§à“§«“¡ ‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ«—¥°“√‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß‡∑à“°—∫ 0.92 ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡¬÷¥¡—Ëπ ºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧ尓√‡∑à“°—∫ 0.73 ·≈–·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡ 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√‡∑à“°—∫ 0.84 ‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈√–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 1 惻®‘°“¬π ∂÷ß «—π∑’Ë 15 ∏—𫓧¡ 2551 ‰¥â√—∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡°≈—∫ §◊ π ·≈–·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¡’ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ §√∫∂â « π ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å “¡“√∂π”¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‰¥â ®”π«π 251 ™ÿ¥ §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 88.38 «‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬„™â ∂‘µ‘ °“√·®°·®ß§«“¡∂’Ë √âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’¬Ë à«π‡∫’¬Ë ߇∫π ¡“µ√∞“π °“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ (Factor analysis) ¥â « ¬«‘ ∏’ Principle Component Analysis ·≈– ∂‘ µ‘ ∑ ¥ Õ∫„™â — ¡ ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘Ï À —¡æ—π∏å¢Õ߇撬√å π— (Pearson product moment correlation coefficient)

º≈°“√»÷°…“ 1. ¢â“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à«π„À≠à√âÕ¬≈– 61.80 ¥”√ßµ”·Àπàßπ—°«‘™“°“√ ‡™àπ π—°‚¿™π“°“√ π— ° «‘ ™ “°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë «‘ ‡ §√“–Àå π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß√–¥—∫ 7-8 √âÕ¬≈– 67.30 ¡’Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß 40-49 ªï √âÕ¬≈– 45.40 ·≈–¡’Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 45 ªï √–¬–‡«≈“ ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π„π°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ 21-30 ªï √âÕ¬≈– 37.80 √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’Ë ¬ 18.50 ªï ¡’ ° “√»÷ ° …“√–¥— ∫ ª√‘≠≠“µ√’À√◊Õ‡∑’¬∫‡∑à“ √âÕ¬≈– 55.00 2. ¢â “ √“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ ‚¥¬√«¡ ¡’ §«“¡¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π ºŸ ° æ— π µà Õ Õß§å ° “√Õ¬Ÿà „ π√–¥— ∫ 112 µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

ª“π°≈“ß (Mean = 4.81 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡¬÷¥¡—ËπºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧ尓√¥â“𮑵„®Õ¬Ÿà „π√–¥—∫ Ÿß (Mean = 5.53 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) ·≈–§«“¡¬÷¥¡—ËπºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧ尓√¥â“π°“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà °—∫Õߧ尓√ ·≈–¥â“π∫√√∑—¥∞“πÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π °≈“ß (Mean = 4.71 ·≈– 4.20 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®“° §–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) 3. 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ‚¥¬√«¡Õ¬Ÿà „ π√–¥— ∫ Ÿ ß (Mean = 4.04 ®“° §–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 5) ‚¥¬¡’惵‘°√√¡°“√™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ ·≈–惵‘°√√¡°“√¬‘π¬Õ¡ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ “¡Õ¬Ÿ„à π√–¥—∫ Ÿß (Mean = 4.07 ·≈– 4.01 µ“¡≈”¥— ∫ ®“° §–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 5) 4. ¢â “ √“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ √âÕ¬≈– 88.00 √—∫√Ÿâ«à“°√¡Õπ“¡—°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë §«√¡’°“√æ—≤π“ ·≈–¢â“√“™°“√ à«ππâÕ¬ √âÕ¬≈– 12.00 √—∫√Ÿâ«à“°√¡Õπ“¡—¬‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿ ß ‚¥¬¢â “ √“™°“√¡’ ° “√√— ∫ √Ÿâ µà Õ ∑ÿ ° Õß§å ª√–°Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫ ®“°¡“°‰ªπâÕ¬ §◊Õ °“√„ à„®µàÕºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√Õ¬Ÿà ‡ ¡Õ(Mean = 10.43 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 14) «‘ —∑—»πåÕπ— ∑√ßæ≈—ß (Mean = 10.20 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 14) °“√¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ√âÕ¡ ”À√—∫°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π·≈– °“√ ◊ËÕ “√∑’ˇªî¥°«â“ß (Mean = 10.09 ®“° §–·ππ Ÿ ß ÿ ¥ 14) °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ Õ ¬à “ ßµà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß (Mean = 10.08 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 14) √–∫∫ ·≈–‚§√ß √â “ ß∑’Ë ¡’ æ ≈— ß (Mean = 9.91 ®“° §–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 14) ·≈–°“√·∫àߪíπÕ”π“®·≈–°“√ ¡’ à«π√à«¡Õ¬à“ß·¢Áߢ—π (Mean = 9.84 ®“° §–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 14) 5. §«“¡¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π ºŸ ° æ— π µà Õ Õß§å ° “√¢Õß ¢â “ √“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢

§«“¡¬÷¥¡—ËπºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧå°√ ·≈–惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫°“√ ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (r = 0.37, p-value < 0.01) ´÷Ëß π—∫ πÿπ ¡¡µ‘∞“π¢âÕ∑’Ë 1 6. 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫°“√ ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (r = 0.38, p-value < 0.01) ´÷Ëß π—∫ πÿπ ¡¡µ‘∞“π¢âÕ∑’Ë 2

°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬º≈ ¡¡µ‘∞“π¢âÕ∑’Ë 1 º≈°“√«‘®¬— æ∫«à“ §«“¡ ¬÷¥¡—πË ºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧ尓√¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ‚¥¬√«¡¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß ∫«°√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß °—∫°“√‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ — ¡ ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿ ß · ¥ß«à “ §«“¡¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π ºŸ ° æ— π µà Õ Õߧ尓√‡ªìπ∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕº≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß Õߧ尓√ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°¢â“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ ‚¥¬√«¡¡’ § «“¡¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π ºŸ ° æ— π µà Õ Õߧ尓√Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß ∑”„Àâ¢â“√“™°“√¡’ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°ºŸ°æ—π·≈–¡’„®„Àâ°—∫°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ √Ÿâ ÷°«à“ °√¡Õπ“¡—¬‡ªìπ¢Õßµπ‡Õߥ⫬ ·≈–√Ÿâ ÷°«à“°√¡ Õπ“¡—¬‡ªìπÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À¡“¬µàÕµπ‡Õß Õ¬à“ß¡“° πÕ°®“°π’È¢â“√“™°“√¬—ß√Ÿâ ÷°«à“°√¡ Õπ“¡—¬¡’∫ÿ≠§ÿ≥µàÕµπ‡Õß ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°®ß√—°¿—°¥’ ·≈–‡ªì π Àπ’È ∫ÿ ≠ §ÿ ≥ °√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ ®÷ ß ∑”„Àâ ¢â“√“™°“√¡’§«“¡¡ÿàß¡—Ëπ„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ¡Õ∫À¡“¬„Àâ∫√√≈ÿº≈ ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡§«“¡ “¡“√∂ ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”‡æ◊ÕË µÕ∫·∑π∫ÿ≠§ÿ≥Àπ૬ߓπ àߺ≈„ÀâÀπà«¬ß“π¡’º≈°“√ªØ‘∫µ— ß‘ “π∑’¥Ë ’ Õ¥§≈âÕß °—∫º≈°“√«‘®—¬¢Õß °—≈¬“ ·°â«∏π– ‘π ªï 2544(12) ´÷Ë ß æ∫«à “ §«“¡¬÷ ¥ ¡—Ë π ºŸ ° æ— π µà Õ Õß§å ° “√¢Õß æ¬“∫“≈ª√–®”°“√ ‚√ß欓∫“≈»Ÿ π ¬å — ß °— ¥

°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°„π √–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢ÕßÀÕºŸâªÉ«¡¡µ‘∞“π¢âÕ∑’Ë 2 º≈°“√«‘®—¬ æ∫«à“ 惵‘ ° √√¡°“√‡ªì π ¡“™‘ ° ¢ÕßÕß§å ° “√¢Õß ¢â“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¡’ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫°“√‡ªìπ Õߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß · ¥ß«à“ 惵‘°√√¡°“√ ‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕº≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï ¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢â“√“™°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ ‚¥√«¡¡’惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√Õ¬Ÿà„π √–¥—∫ Ÿß ‚¥¬¡’惵‘°√√¡„π°“√™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕÀ—«Àπâ“ ·≈–ºŸâ√à«¡ß“π µ≈Õ¥®πºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√¥â«¬§«“¡ ‡µÁ¡„®‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß√âÕß¢Õ °“√‡¢â“√à«¡°‘®°√√¡„π °“√æ— ≤ π“¿“æ≈— ° …≥å ¢ ÕßÀπà « ¬ß“π·¡â ¡‘ „ ™à Àπâ“∑’Ë∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬ ·≈–°“√„Àâ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π ª√–‚¬™πå µà Õ °√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ πÕ°®“°π’È ¢â“√“™°“√ ¬—ß¡’惵‘°√√¡°“√¬‘π¬Õ¡ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ ‚¥¬°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπµ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—‡™àπ °“√µ√ßµàÕ‡«≈“ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π¡’ §«“¡√“∫√◊Ëπ ≈¥ªí≠À“∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π àߺ≈„Àâ°√¡Õπ“¡—¬¡’º≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π∑’Ë¥’ ·≈– ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π√–¥—∫ Ÿß Õ¥§≈âÕß °—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß «Õ≈´å ·≈– π’ŒÕøøá (Walz & Niehoff) ªï 2000(13) æ∫«à“ 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘ ° ¢ÕßÕß§å ° “√ ¡’ § «“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å °— ∫ ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√ »÷°…“¢Õß ª√“≥’ ¡’À“≠æß…å ªï 2547(14) ´÷ßË æ∫«à“ 惵‘ ° √√¡°“√‡ªì π ¡“™‘ ° ¢ÕßÕß§å ° “√¢Õß æ¬“∫“≈ª√–®”°“√ ‚√ß欓∫“≈∑—Ë«‰ª —ß°—¥ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß∫«°„π √–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß°—∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢ÕßÀÕºŸâªÉ«¬

¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–®“°°“√»÷°…“ 1. ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡™‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ 1.1 ®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬∑’Ëæ∫«à“ ¢â“√“™°“√ °√¡Õπ“¡— ¬ ¡’ ° “√√— ∫ √Ÿâ µà Õ Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫¥â “ π°“√ ·∫àߪíπÕ”π“®·≈–°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡Õ¬à“ß·¢Áߢ—π„π √–¥— ∫ ª“π°≈“ß ·µà µË” °«à “ ∑ÿ ° Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫ (Mean = 9.84 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 14) ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√ ¥”‡π‘ππ‚¬∫“¬µà“ßÊ ¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ ∑’Ë¡’º≈ °√–∑∫µàÕ¢â“√“™°“√∑—Èß∑“ߥâ“π°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π °“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π µ≈Õ¥®π‡√◊ËÕߺ≈ª√–‚¬™πåÀ√◊Õ «— ¥‘°“√µà“ßÊ ®÷ßπà“∑’®Ë –¡’°“√ ◊ÕË “√∑’™Ë ¥— ‡®π ‡ªî¥ ‚Õ°“ „Àâ¢â“√“™°“√∑ÿ°√–¥—∫√à«¡· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥ ‡ÀÁπ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– Õ“®®–‡ªìπ„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß °“√ ◊ËÕ “√∑“߇¥’¬« ‡™àπ °≈àÕß√—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√‚¥¬ ◊ËÕÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡Õ° “√‡º¬·æ√à ∫Õ√奪√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å À√◊Õ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ Õß ∑“ß ‡™àπ °“√®—¥‡«∑’ºŸâ∫√‘À“√æ∫ºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π ‡æ◊ËÕ „Àâ¢â“√“™°“√‰¥â√—∫∑√“∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–‰¥â √—∫§”™’È·®ßÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π 1.2°“√∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å µ—Èß·µà °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°∫ÿ§≈“°√‡¢â“∑”ß“π„π°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °“√ ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π °“√‡≈◊ËÕπ√–¥—∫ µ≈Õ¥ ®π°“√æ‘ ® “√≥“§«“¡¥’ § «“¡™Õ∫ πà “ ∑’Ë ® –π” 惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√¡“‡ªìπ¢âÕ æ‘ ® “√≥“√à « ¡¥â « ¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ √— ° …“·≈–¥÷ ß ¥Ÿ ¥ „Àâ ∑√—欓°√∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ §«“¡ “¡“√∂ ¡’§«“¡ ‡ ’¬ ≈– Õ¥∑π ·≈–Õÿ∑‘»µπ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π §ßÕ¬Ÿà°—∫°√¡Õπ“¡—¬µàÕ‰ª 1.3®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬∑’Ëæ∫«à“ ¢â“√“™°“√ °√¡Õπ“¡—¬¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“À—«Àπ⓪ؑ∫—µ‘ß“πµ“¡ «‘ —¬∑—»πå·≈–§à“π‘¬¡√à«¡¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ (Mean = 5.45 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) √Õß≈ß¡“ §◊Õ ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√ ∑”ß“π„πÀπà « ¬ß“π –¥«°µà Õ ºŸâ √— ∫ ∫√‘ ° “√ (Mean = 5.29 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) ∫ÿ§≈“°√ “¡“√∂‡¢â “ ∂÷ ß ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¢à “ « “√∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π µà Õ °“√ ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ß “π‰¥â ‚ ¥¬ßà “ ¬ (Mean = 5.20 ®“° 114 µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) ·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ„™â°√–∫«π°“√ ∑”ß“π‡ªì π ∑’ ¡ ‡ªì π µ— « ¢— ∫ ‡§≈◊Ë Õ π°“√∑”ß“π„Àâ ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á® (Mean = 5.18 ®“°§–·ππ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7) ¥—ßπ—πÈ ®÷ߧ«√ à߇ √‘¡®ÿ¥·¢Áߥ—ß°≈à“« ‡™àπ ¿“æ≈—°…≥å¿“«–ºŸâπ”¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘À“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬∑ÿ° √–¥—∫ ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”ß“π∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ °“√ ‡¢â“∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√∑’®Ë ”‡ªìπ·≈–°“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑’¡ ´÷Ëߢâ“√“™°“√¡’°“√√—∫√Ÿâ∑’Ë¥’ „Àâ¡’°“√æ—≤π“„Àâ¡’ §«“¡‚¥¥‡¥àπ¬‘ËßÊ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 2. ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡™‘ß«‘™“°“√ 2.1 π—∫ πÿπ„À⺟â∫√‘À“√∑ÿ°√–¥—∫‡¢â“ √—∫°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π ·≈–»÷°…“¥Ÿ ß“πÕߧ尓√¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ∑’ˇªìπµâπ·∫∫°“√ ‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß ∑—ÈߢÕß¿“§√—∞·≈– ¿“§‡Õ°™π ‡æ◊Ë Õ æ— ≤ π“¿“«–ºŸâ π” ‡ √‘ ¡ √â “ ß ∑—°…–∑’Ë ”§—≠„π°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π ·≈– “¡“√∂π” ¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™âÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡°—∫°√¡Õπ“¡—¬µàÕ‰ª 2.2 π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ∫ÿ§≈“°√∑ÿ°Àπ૬ߓπ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å ∑—Èß„π √–¥—∫ ”π—°/°Õß/»Ÿπ¬å‡¢µ ·≈–√–¥—∫°√¡ ‡¢â“√—∫ °“√»÷°…“/Ωñ°Õ∫√¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡Õߧ尓√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√π”·π«§‘¥æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√ ‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™âÕ¬à“߇ªìπ √Ÿª∏√√¡„π°“√∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å„π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ 2.3°“√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠·≈– π—∫ πÿπ„À⠢⠓ √“™°“√¡’ ° “√»÷ ° …“«‘ ®— ¬ ¥â “ π°“√∫√‘ À “√ß“π °“√∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å °“√æ—≤π“Õߧ尓√ ·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√¥â“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ §«∫§Ÿà ‰ª°—∫°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬∑“ߥâ“π°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ‚¥¬°“√„Àâ∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—2.4°“√‡º¬·æ√à Õ ß§å § «“¡√Ÿâ „ À¡à Ê ∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√∫√‘ À “√ß“π °“√∫√‘ À “√ ∑√— æ ¬“°√¡πÿ … ¬å Õ ¬à “ ßµà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß ‚¥¬∑“ß ◊Ë Õ Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ∫Õ√奪√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ‡ ’¬ßµ“¡ “¬

§«“¡¬÷¥¡—ËπºŸ°æ—πµàÕÕߧå°√ ·≈–惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπÕߧ尓√∑’Ë¡’º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï Ÿß¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

‡Õ° “√‡º¬·æ√à ‡ªìπµâπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟â π„® “¡“√∂ ‡¢â“∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‰¥âßà“¬·≈–‰¥â√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˇªìπªí®®ÿ∫—π Õ¬Ÿ‡à ¡Õ 3. ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡™‘ߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ 3.1®— ¥ °“√ª√–™ÿ ¡ ·≈°‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π¢â Õ §‘ ¥ ‡ÀÁπ√–À«à“ߺŸâ∫√‘À“√·≈–ºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π „π√–¥—∫ ”π—°/°Õß/»Ÿπ¬å‡¢µ ‡¥◊Õπ≈– 1 §√—Èß ·≈–√–¥—∫ °√¡∑ÿ° 3 ‡¥◊Õπ À√◊Õµ“¡ ¿“槫“¡‡√àߥà«π¢Õß ªí≠À“ 3.2®— ¥ °“√ — ¡ ¡π“«‘ ™ “°“√¥â “ π°“√ ∫√‘À“√ß“π °“√∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å ‚¥¬§—¥ ‡≈◊Õ°‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë∑—πµàÕ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å·≈–¢â“√“™°“√ à«π „À≠à„À⧫“¡ π„® Õ“®‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ¢â“√“™°“√ ‡ πÕ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵π π„® ‚¥¬®—¥¿“¬„πÀπà«¬ß“π ‡¥◊Õπ≈– 1 §√—Èß 3.3®— ¥ À“ºŸâ √— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫„π°“√µÕ∫

ªí≠À“¢ÕߺŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¡“®“°™àÕß ∑“ßµà“ßÊ ‚¥¬µ—È߇ªìπ§≥–°√√¡°“√„π√–¥—∫°√¡ æ√âÕ¡∑—ßÈ ¡’°“√™’·È ®ßªí≠À“µ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ ‡™àπ °“√™’È·®ß„π√–À«à“ß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ¢âÕ§‘¥ ‡ÀÁπ√–À«à“ߺŸâ∫√‘À“√·≈–ºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π °“√™’È·®ß ¥â«¬Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡«’¬π À√◊Õ™’È·®ß∑“ß ◊ËÕÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡ªìπµâπ 3.4®—¥°“√ª√–°“»‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥„Àⷰຟâ ∫√‘À“√∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–∑’Ëæ÷ߪ√– ß§å ·≈–ºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ ß“π∑’Ë¡’惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ ∑—Èß „π√–¥—∫ ”π—°/°Õß/»Ÿπ¬å‡¢µ ·≈–√–¥—∫°√¡ ‚¥°“√¡Õ∫‡°’¬√µ‘∫—µ√ ‚≈à À√◊Շߑπ√“ß«—≈ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ ¢«—≠·≈–°”≈—ß„®„Àⷰ࢓â √“™°“√∑’¡Ë æ’ ƒµ‘°√√¡∑’¥Ë ’ æ√âÕ¡∑—È߇ªìπ°“√ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å„Àâ¢â“√“™°“√‚¥√«¡‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠ ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡®π °≈“¬‡ªìπ«—≤π∏√√¡¢ÕßÕߧ尓√µàÕ‰ª

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√¢â“√“™°“√æ≈‡√◊Õπ ”π—°«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫ß“π∫ÿ§§≈. HR scorecard °“√ª√–‡¡‘π √–∫∫∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√∫ÿ§§≈. §√—Èß∑’Ë 8. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: æ’.‡Õ.≈’ø«‘Ëß; 2547:1.

2. «‘√≥ ‘ ∏‘Ï ∏√√¡π“√∂ °ÿ≈. Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°∑’¥Ë ¢’ ÕßÕߧ尓√µàÕº≈°“√ªØ‘∫µ— ß‘ “π¢Õß欓∫“≈«‘™“™’æ: »÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈∑“ßµ√ß Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈§—Ëπ°≈“ß ·≈–Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈ Õ¥·∑√° [ª√‘≠≠“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¥ÿ…Æ’ ∫—≥±‘µ “¢“°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡»“ µ√å ª√–¬ÿ°µå]. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—»√’π§√‘π∑√«‘‚√≤; 2544.

3. «—π™—¬ ¡’™“µ‘. 惵‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√Õߧ尓√ “∏“√≥–. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ·Õ§∑’ø æ√‘Èπ∑å; 2548: 57.

4. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. √“¬ß“πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™°“√µ“¡¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π«∑“ß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™°“√/§”√—∫√Õß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ √“™°“√ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ª√–®”ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ æ.». 2547.¡.ª.∑.; 2548.

5. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. √“¬ß“πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™°“√µ“¡§”√—∫√Õß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘√“™°“√ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ª√–®”ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ æ.». 2548. ¡.ª.∑.: ‚√ßæ‘¡æåÕߧ尓√ ߇§√“–Àå∑À“√ºà“π»÷°;2549.

6. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. √“¬ß“πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√µ“¡§”√—∫√Õß°“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√ ª√–®”ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ æ.». 2549. ¡.ª.∑.;2550.

7. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. √“¬ß“πº≈°“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√µ“¡§”√—∫√Õß°“√ªØ‘∫µ— √‘ “™°“√ ª√–®”ªïß∫ª√–¡“≥ æ.». 2550. ¡.ª.∑.;2550.

8. Rosner B. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 5th ed. California: Duxbury; 2000:463.

9. Blanchard K. Leading at a higher level: Blanchard on leadership and creating high performing organizations. Ken Blanchard; 2006.

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ 10. Meyer JP, Allen NJ, Smith CA. Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. J Appl Psychol 1993;78(4):538-51.

11. Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Paine JB, Bachrach DG. Organizational Citizenship Behavior:a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. J Manage 2000;26(3):513-63.

12. °—≈¬“ ·°â«∏π– ‘π. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßªí®®—¬§—¥ √√¥â“πÕߧ尓√·≈–¥â“π∫ÿ§§≈ °—∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢ÕßÀÕºŸâªÉ«¬µ“¡ °“√√—∫√Ÿâ¢Õß欓∫“≈ª√–®”°“√ ‚√ß欓∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ [«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“ 欓∫“≈»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“«‘™“°“√∫√‘À“√°“√欓∫“≈]. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: §≥–欓∫“≈»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬; 2544.

13. Walz SM, Niehoff BP. Organizational citizenship behaviors: their relationship to organizational effectiveness. Journal of hospitality and tourism research 2000 Aug;24(3):301-19.

14. ª√“≥’ ¡’À“≠æß…å. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß¿“«–ºŸâπ”°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕßÀ—«Àπâ“ÀÕºŸâªÉ«¬æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘° ¢ÕßÕߧ尓√ °—∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢ÕßÀÕºŸªâ «É ¬ µ“¡°“√√—∫√Ÿ¢â Õß欓∫“≈ª√–®”°“√ ‚√ß欓∫“≈∑—«Ë ‰ª [«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å ª√‘≠≠“欓∫“≈»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“«‘™“°“√∫√‘À“√°“√欓∫“≈]. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: §≥–欓∫“≈»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬; 2547.

HEALTH

116 µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2552

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