¿“«– ÿ¢¿“溟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √
¿“«– ÿ¢¿“溟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ π—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ ÿ≥’ º≈¥’‡¬’ˬ¡ °Õß∑—πµ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ®“√ÿ«√√≥ ‚™§§≥“æ‘∑—°…å ”Õ“ß ◊∫ ¡“π π—°«‘™“°“√Õ‘ √–‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬ ÿ¢¿“æ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ ¥«ß·¢ «‘‰≈π‘√—π¥√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ °“√«‘®—¬π’È»÷°…“¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ ·≈–ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˇªìππ—°»÷°…“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ àß·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡(®”π«π 20 Àπâ“)∑“߉ª√…≥’¬·å °àπ°— »÷°…“∑ÿ°§π(200,000 §π) √–À«à“ß°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å-°√°Æ“§¡ æ.».2548 ‰¥â√—∫°“√µÕ∫°≈—∫√âÕ¬≈– 43.6 ‡ªìπºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿµ—Èß·µà 60 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª®”π«π 317 §π‡ªì𙓬 272 §π À≠‘ß 45 §π «‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬ ∂‘µ‘ √âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’ˬ T-test ·≈–°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ ª√«π º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 85.8 ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 64.2 ªï ‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“æÿ∑∏ ¡’¿Ÿ¡‘ ≈”‡π“„π∑—Ë«∑ÿ°¿“§ √âÕ¬≈– 80.9 ·µàßß“π·≈–Õ¬Ÿà°—∫§Ÿà§√Õß ‰¡à¡’„§√Õ¬Ÿà§π‡¥’¬« à«π„À≠àÕ¬Ÿà∫â“π¢Õßµπ‡Õß ·≈–¡’∞“𖇪ìπÀ—«Àπⓧ√Õ∫§√—« √âÕ¬≈– 67.3 ¡’√“¬‰¥â¡“°°«à“Àπ÷ßË À¡◊πË ∫“∑µàÕ‡¥◊Õπ´÷ßË à«π„À≠à‡ªìπºŸ√â ∫— ∫”π“≠ ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’æË ∫§◊Õ Õ“°“»‡ ’¬ ‡ ’¬ß√∫°«π ·≈–¢“¥æ◊πÈ ∑’æË °— ºàÕπ „π·ßà ¢ÿ ¿“æ√âÕ¬≈– 58.2 ¡’√ªŸ √à“ß ¡ à«π √âÕ¬≈– 23.6 ‰¡àµâÕß„™â·«à𵓠√âÕ¬≈– 12.9 ¡’ªí≠À“°“√‰¥â¬‘π √âÕ¬≈– 67.7 ¡’øíπ·∑â 20 ´’ËÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 80.5 ÿ¢¿“殑µ¥’ ‚√§ 5 Õ—π¥—∫·√°∑’Ëæ∫§◊Õ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß ¢âÕÕ—°‡ ∫ ‡∫“À«“π·≈–‚√§ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‰µ ¿“¬„π 12 ‡¥◊Õπ∑’˺à“π¡“Àπ÷Ëß„πÀⓉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫√⓬·√ß∑’ˇ°‘¥„π∫â“π ®π¡’º≈µàÕ°“√„™â™’«‘µª√–®” «—π à«π„À≠à„™â∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢®“°¿“§√—∞ „π¥â“π°‘®«—µ√ª√–®”«—π à«π„À≠àπÕππâÕ¬°«à“ 8 ™—«Ë ‚¡ßµàÕ«—π ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥∫â“πÀ√◊Õ∑” «π‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°«—π ¥Ÿ‚∑√∑—»πåÀ√◊Õ‡≈àπ‡°¡§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√åÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 ™—Ë«‚¡ßµàÕ«—π √âÕ¬≈– 32.1 √—∫ ª√–∑“πº—°·≈–º≈‰¡â„πª√‘¡“≥∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡(5Àπ૬µàÕ«—π) √âÕ¬≈– 79.5 ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 3 §√—ßÈ µàÕ —ª¥“Àå ¬—ß§ß Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë√âÕ¬≈– 8.5 ·≈–¥◊Ë¡ ÿ√“ª√–®”√âÕ¬≈– 8.0 ‚¥¬ √ÿª·≈â«√âÕ¬≈– 87.5 ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ §ÿ≥≈—°…≥– ∑’Ë∑”„À⺟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ¥’¢÷Èπ §◊Õ ºŸâ∑’˪√–‡¡‘π ÿ¢¿“æµπ‡Õß«à“¥’ ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°°√–©—∫°√–‡©ß ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à°—ß«≈À√◊Õ ´÷¡‡»√â“À√◊ÕÀßÿ¥Àß‘¥ ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”°‘®«—µ√ª√–®”«—π‰¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”ß“π„π∫â“π·≈–πÕ°∫â“π‰¥â ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à¡’§«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥∑“ß √à“ß°“¬ ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°«à“»“ π“¡’ à«π™à«¬·°âªí≠À“™’«‘µ‰¥â ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à¡’ªí≠À“∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‰¡à “¡“√∂ πÕߧ«“¡ µâÕß°“√„π ‘Ëßµà“ßʉ¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’øíπ·∑â‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ 20 ´’Ë ºŸâ∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”°‘®°√√¡∑“ß —ߧ¡‰¥â ºŸâ∑’ËπÕπ«—π≈– 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°‰«â«“ß„®ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ·≈–ºŸâ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“°§√Õ∫§√—« ‡æ◊ËÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π ºŸâ§π„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈– °≈ÿà¡»“ π“ §” ”§—≠ : ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˇªìππ—°»÷°…“ ¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH January - March 2010
77
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Health of Aging Students at the Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Sunee Pholdeeyiam Dental Health Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health Jaruwan Chokkanapitak Sam-ang Seubsman Thai Health-Risk Transition Project Duangkae Vilainerun Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University
Abstract This research studied the health, quality of life and factors contributing to quality of life in aging students at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University. Comprehensive 20-page health-risk questionnaires were mailed during February-July 2005 to all 200,000 current students. Overall 43.6% of all the students responded and 317 were aged 60 years or more (272 males and 45 females). Statistical analysis tools used are percentages, means, Ttests and Analysis of variances. Of the 317 respondents from the 60+ age group, the average age was 64.2 years: 85.8% were male and almost all were Buddhists. They lived across all regions of the country, 80.9% were married and lived with their partners, none lived alone. The majority lived in their own house and were the head of the family; 67.3% had a monthly income of over 10,000 Baht per month and most were retired. Elements that impact their quality of life were: environmental problems - air pollution, noise and lack of recreation areas. Regarding their Health it was found that 58.2% were physically fit, 23.6% did not need glasses, 12.9% had hearing problems, 67.7% had 20 or more of their own permanent teeth, 80.5% had good mental health. The top five diseases reported were high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arthritis, diabetes and kidney disease. One fifth of them had injuries that were serious enough to interfere with daily activities and/or had required medical treatment in the last 12 months. Most of these injuries happened in the house. The majority used the government health service. Daily activities: every day most of them slept less than 8 hours, did the household cleaning or gardening and watched television or played computer games for at least 2 hours. 32.1% of them ate 5 units of fruit and vegetable a day (the guideline amounts) and 79.5% of them exercised at least 3 times per week. 8.5% smoked, 8.0% drank alcohol regularly. In conclusion, 87.5% of them had good quality of life characterized by: a perception of good health, being active, not feeling worried or anxious, the ability to continue with daily activities both in and outside the home, no physical pain, an acceptance that religion can help to calm their mind when facing problems, no financial problems, still had 20 or more permanent teeth, ability to socialize, 8 hours of sleep a night, and had support from network of trusted family, friends, neighbors, local people and religious group. Key words: aging student, health status, quality of life
78
¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
¿“«– ÿ¢¿“溟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™
∫∑π” ªî√“¡‘¥ª√–™“°√‰∑¬¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ®“°√Ÿ ª ‡®¥’ ¬å ‡ ªì π √Ÿ ª ·®°— π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°®”π«π·≈– —¥ à«π¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√«¥‡√Á«Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ®“° ”¡‚πª√–™“°√ªï 2533 ¡’º Ÿâ ߟ Õ“¬ÿ√Õâ ¬≈– 7.4 ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 9.4 „πªï 2543 (1) ·≈–‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 10.7 „πªï 2550(2) ‡ªìπ∑’Ë™—¥‡®π«à“¢≥–π’È —ߧ¡ ‰∑¬‰¥â‡¢â“ Ÿà —ߧ¡ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ·≈â«(3)(µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’√âÕ¬≈– 10.0 ¢Õߪ√–™“°√∑’Ë Õ“¬ÿµß—È ·µà 60 ªï¢π÷È ‰ª) ≈—°…≥–∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‡»√…∞°‘® ¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ·µ°µà“ß°—π àߺ≈µàÕ¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æ ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’˵à“ß°—π
«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧ尓√»÷°…“ ‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬ ÿ¢¿“æ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬ ∏√√¡“∏‘√“™»÷°…“‡√◊ËÕß ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ¿“«– ÿ ¢ ¿“æ§π‰∑¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ‰ ¥â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¥â “ π«‘ ™ “°“√ ”À√—∫°“√æ—≤π“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«µ‘ ‚¥¬°“√ π—∫ πÿπ¢Õß Wellcome Trust (UK) ·≈– NHMRC (Australia) °“√»÷°…“π’ȇªìπ à«π Àπ÷ËߢÕß‚§√ß°“√¥—ß°≈à“« §◊Õ »÷°…“‡©æ“–°≈ÿà¡ π—°»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ 60 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕ∑√“∫¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æ·≈–ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ∑’ˇªìππ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ªï °“√»÷°…“ 2548
«‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ ‡ªì π °“√»÷ ° …“‡™‘ ß æ√√≥π“ à ß ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡(®”π«π 20 Àπâ“)∑“߉ª√…≥’¬å ‡√◊ËÕß ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æ§π‰∑¬·°àπ—°»÷°…“ ∑ÿ ° §π(200,000 §π) √–À«à “ ß°ÿ ¡ ¿“æ— π ∏å °√°Æ“§¡ æ.».2548 ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡·∫à߇ªìπ 7 À¡«¥§◊Õ 1)¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–∑’Ëæ—°Õ“»—¬ 2)√“¬‰¥â ·≈–Õ“™’æ°“√ß“π 3) ÿ¢¿“«– °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ ·≈–
°“√„™â∫√‘°“√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å 4)‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬∑“ß —ߧ¡ ·≈–§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ™’ «‘ µ 5)Õ“À“√·≈–°‘ ® °√√¡°“√ ‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«√à“ß°“¬ 6)∫ÿÀ√’Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·≈–°“√ —≠®√ 7) §√Õ∫§√—« À≈—ß àß·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡‰¥â¡’ °“√ à ß ´È” „π√“¬∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â µ Õ∫°≈— ∫ ¡“„π§√—È ß ·√° ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡∑’Ë µ Õ∫°≈— ∫ π”¡“ ·°π‡¢â “ §Õ¡æ‘ « ‡µÕ√å µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß·≈– «‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬‚ª√·°√¡ SPSS ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë„™â„π°“√ «‘‡§√“–À剥ⷰà √âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’ˬ T-test ·≈–°“√ «‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«π
º≈°“√»÷°…“ ®“°®”π«π·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡∑’µË Õ∫°≈—∫∑—ßÈ À¡¥ 87,134 ©∫—∫§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 43.6 „π®”π«ππ’ȇªìπ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ 317 §π§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.36 ¢ÕߺŸâ∑’Ë µÕ∫°≈—∫ à«π∑’Ë 1 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 85.8 ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ (™“¬ 272 §π À≠‘ß 45 §π) Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 64.2 ªï ( à«π ‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“µ√∞“π 4.5) Õ“¬ÿ Ÿß ÿ¥ 87 ªï √âÕ¬≈– 96.2 π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“æÿ∑∏ ∑ÿ°§π®∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 3 ¢÷Èπ‰ª √âÕ¬≈– 80.9 ·µàßß“π·≈–Õ¬Ÿà°—∫§Ÿà§√Õß √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §√Õ∫§√—«·≈–∑’ËÕ¬ŸÕà “»—¬ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 88.2 ¡’∫ÿµ√ „π®”π«ππ’È √âÕ¬≈– 89.3 ¡’∫ÿµ√ 2 §π¢÷Èπ‰ª ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 71.0 ¡’¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“‡¥‘¡„π™π∫∑ ·µàªí®®ÿ∫—πÕ¬Ÿà„π ™π∫∑√âÕ¬≈– 37.0 ·≈–°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑ÿ°¿“§√«¡∑—Èß °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ (√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ‚¥¬ √âÕ¬≈– 76.1 Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π∫â“π¢Õßµπ‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ§Ÿ à ¡√ ¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 4.9 ∑’ˇ™à“∫â“πÕ¬Ÿà √âÕ¬≈– 80.0 ¡’ ¡“™‘° 3 §π¢÷Èπ‰ª„π§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 83.1 ¡’∞“𖇪ìπÀ—«Àπⓧ√Õ∫§√—« ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ√Õâ ¬≈– 75.2 ¡’§Ÿà ¡√ Õ¬Ÿà√à«¡∫â“π √âÕ¬≈– 56.5 ¡’∫ÿµ√Õ“¬ÿ 16
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH January - March 2010
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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—«Ë ‰ª¢ÕߺŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—«Ë ‰ª ‡æ» (n=317)
™“¬ À≠‘ß Õ“¬ÿ (n=317) 60-64 ªï 65-69 ªï 70-74 ªï 75-87 ªï »“ π“ (n=315) æÿ∑∏ Õ◊ËπÊ °“√»÷°…“ (n=314) ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 3 ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 6/ª«™. ª« ./Õπÿª√‘≠≠“ ª√‘≠≠“µ√’/ Ÿß°«à“ ∂“π¿“æ ¡√ (n=309) ‚ ¥ Õ¬Ÿà°—∫§Ÿà§√Õß À¬à“ À¡â“¬ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà (n=313) °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ¿“§°≈“ß(√«¡µ–«—πÕÕ°) ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§„µâ √“¬‰¥âµàÕ‡¥◊Õπ (n=300) < 3,000 ∫“∑ 3,001-7,000 ∫“∑ 7,001-10,000 ∫“∑ 10,001-20,000 ∫“∑ 20,001-30,000 ∫“∑ > 30,000 ∫“∑
ªï¢÷Èπ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ ‰¡à¡’„§√Õ¬Ÿà§π‡¥’¬« ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬ ≈– 53.8 ‡≈’È¬ß ÿπ—¢ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 24.4 ‡≈’Ȭ߷¡« √“¬‰¥â·≈–ß“π∑’Ë∑” ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß(√âÕ¬≈– 50.6) ¡’√“¬‰¥â Àπ÷ËßÀ¡◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ‰ª∂÷ß 3 À¡◊Ëπ∫“∑ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 16.7 ¡’ √“¬‰¥â¡“°°«à“ 3 À¡◊Ëπ∫“∑ ¢≥–∑’Ë√âÕ¬≈–11.7 ¡’ √“¬‰¥â πâ Õ ¬°«à “ 3,000 ∫“∑µà Õ ‡¥◊ Õ π (√“¬ 80
¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
®”π«π(§π)
√âÕ¬≈–
272 45 210 74 19 14 305 10 34 120 41 119 28 250 21 10 62 83 46 80 42 35 37 26 100 52 50
85.8 14.2 66.3 23.3 6.0 4.4 96.8 3.2 10.8 38.2 13.1 37.9 9.1 80.9 6.8 3.2 19.8 26.5 14.7 25.6 13.4 11.7 12.3 8.7 33.3 17.3 16.7
≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) „π√Õ∫ªï∑’˺à“π¡“ ºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 32.5 ‰¡à‡§¬¡’ªí≠À“°“√‡ß‘π„π°“√ πÕߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√„π ‘ßË µà“ßÊ ‡§¬¡’‡ªìπ∫“ߧ√—ßÈ √âÕ¬≈– 50.3 ·≈–¡’ªí≠À“∫àÕ¬§√—Èß √âÕ¬≈– 17.1 à«π„À≠à √âÕ¬≈– 71.3 ‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫∫”π“≠ °≈ÿà¡∑’ˬ—ß∑”ß“πÕ¬Ÿà 2 °≈ÿà¡„À≠à §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈– 22.0 ∑”ß“π à « πµ— « ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ ≈Ÿ ° ®â “ ß·≈–‰¡à ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫
¿“«– ÿ¢¿“溟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™
‡°…µ√°√√¡ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 16.5 ∑”ß“π„π‰√à π“ «π ¢Õßµπ‡Õß √âÕ¬≈– 30.0 ∑”ß“ππâÕ¬°«à“ 10 ™—«Ë ‚¡ß µàÕ —ª¥“Àå ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 23.0 ∑”ß“π —ª¥“Àå≈– 4049 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫∫â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫∫â“π„π√—»¡’ 1 °‘‚≈‡¡µ√ ∑’Ë ‡ªìπªí≠À“¡“°§◊Õ ‡ ’¬ß√∫°«π Õ“°“»‡ ’¬·≈– ¢“¥æ◊Èπ∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„® à«π∑’ˇªìπªí≠À“‡≈Á° πâÕ¬ §◊Õ ¢¬– °≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ ·≈–‡ ’ˬß∂Ÿ° ÿπ—¢°—¥ à«π∑’Ë 2 ÿ¢¿“æ ®“°§à“ Body Mass Index (BMI) À“° „™â‡°≥±å∑«—Ë ‰ª¢Õß°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ √âÕ¬≈– 58.2 ¡ à«π (BMI ‰¡à‡°‘π 25.0) ·≈– √âÕ¬≈– 33.3 Õâ«π À“° „™â‡°≥±å¢âÕ‡ πÕ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ (4) √âÕ¬≈– 70.9 ¡ à«π (BMI ‰¡à‡°‘π 26.0) ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 27.4 Õâ«π √âÕ¬≈– 74.0 µâÕß„™â·«à𠓬µ“/§Õπ·∑§‡≈π å ·≈–
√âÕ¬≈– 23.6 ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â·«à𠓬µ“ √âÕ¬≈– 87.5 ‰¡à¡ª’ ≠ í À“ “¬µ“∑’‰Ë ¡à “¡“√∂·°â‰¢¥â«¬·«àπ √âÕ¬≈– 84.8 ‰¥â¬‘π™—¥‡®π ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 12.9 ¡’ ªí≠À“°“√‰¥â¬‘π∫â“ß ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 67.7 ¡’øíπ·∑â 20 ´’ËÀ√◊Õ ¡“°°«à“ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 ‰¡à¡ø’ πí √âÕ¬≈– 35.9 ‡§’¬È « ‰¡à –¥«° ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 56.6 ‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√µàÕ‰ªπ’È §◊Õ ‰¡à –¥«°‡«≈“查 °≈◊π‰¡à –¥«° ‡§’Ȭ«‰¡à –¥«° ¢“¥§«“¡¡—Ëπ„®‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢â“ —ߧ¡ ·≈–√Ÿâ ÷°‡®Á∫ª«¥ ÿ¢¿“殑µ „π™à«ß 4 —ª¥“Àå∑’˺à“π¡“ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 80.5 ¡’ ÿ¢¿“殑µ¥’ ‡æ√“–¡’§«“¡ √Ÿ â °÷ °—ß«≈ °√–«π°√–«“¬/Àßÿ¥Àß‘¥ ‡æ’¬ß∫“߇«≈“ πâÕ¬§√—Èß¡“°·≈–‰¡à‡§¬‡≈¬ ¡’√âÕ¬≈– 19.5 ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷° «à“µâÕß„™â§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡„π°“√∑”∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ‡°◊ Õ ∫µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“À√◊ Õ ¬‘Ë ß °«à “ √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥„𠵓√“ß∑’Ë 2
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‡°’ˬ«°—∫®‘µ„®µà“ßÊ ®”·π°µ“¡Õ“°“√ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° 1.√Ÿâ ÷°°—ß«≈ (n=277) 2.√Ÿâ ÷°°√–«π°√–«“¬/Àßÿ¥Àß‘¥(n=269) 3.√Ÿâ ÷°«à“µâÕß„™â§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡„π °“√∑”∑ÿ° ‘Ëß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß(n=288)
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1.8 1.1 4.2
5.8 4.8 15.3
47.3 36.1 38.2
24.5 34.2 21.5
20.6 23.8 20.8
ÿ¢¿“æ „π™à«ß 4 —ª¥“Àå∑’˺à“π¡“ ºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 4.7 ª√–‡¡‘π ÿ¢¿“æµπ‡Õß«à“·¬àÀ√◊Õ ·¬à¡“° √âÕ¬≈– 19.2 ¡’ªí≠À“ ÿ¢¿“æ°“¬„π°“√ ∑”°‘®°√√¡ª°µ‘(‡¥‘π À√◊Õ¢÷Èπ≈ß∫—π‰¥)Õ¬Ÿà„π √–¥—∫§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“°¢÷Èπ‰ª ·µà¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 4.8 ∑’Ë ªí≠À“ ÿ¢¿“æ°“¬π—Èπ àߺ≈„Àâ¡’§«“¡≈”∫“°„π °“√∑”ß“πª√–®”«—πÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫π’È Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 2.2 ∑’˪í≠À“∑“ß°“¬∑”„Àâ¡’§«“¡ ‡®Á∫ª«¥„π√–¥—∫√ÿπ·√ßÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ∂“¡ ∂÷ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°°√–©—∫°√–‡©ß √âÕ¬≈– 0.3 ‰¡à¡’ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°π’ȇ≈¬ ¢≥–∑’Ë√âÕ¬≈– 6.4 ¡’„π√–¥—∫‡≈Á° πâÕ¬ ∂â“æ‘®“√≥“ªí≠À“„π√–¥—∫§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“° ¢÷Èπ‰ª √âÕ¬≈– 7.0 ¡’ªí≠À“¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å ‡™àπ √Ÿâ ÷°
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH January - March 2010
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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ °—ß«≈ ´÷¡‡»√â“À√◊ÕÀßÿ¥Àß‘¥„π√–¥—∫π’È ·≈–æ∫ √âÕ¬≈– 7.0 „π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È∑’˪í≠À“ à«πµ—« ·≈–Õ“√¡≥å ¡’ º ≈µà Õ °“√∑”ß“π ·≈–°‘ ® °√√¡ ª√–®”«—πµ“¡ª°µ‘ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 9.0 ∑’˪í≠À“π’È ®”°—¥°‘®°√√¡∑“ß —ߧ¡∑’¡Ë °’ ∫— §√Õ∫§√—«·≈–‡æ◊ÕË π °“√‡ªìπ‚√§ ‚√§∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬ 5 Õ—π¥—∫·√° „πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ §◊Õ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‚§‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈
À√◊Õ‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß ¢âÕÕ—°‡ ∫ ‡∫“À«“π(‰¡à µâÕß„™âÕ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π) ·≈–‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫‰µ ‚¥¬ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 33.8 ¡’§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿÀ≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 35.6 ¡’‚§‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈À√◊Õ‰¢¡—π „π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë Õâ«π®–ªÉ«¬¡“°°«à“°≈ÿà¡∑’ˉ¡àÕâ«π ·≈–æ∫«à“ºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 7.6 ‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ‚√§„¥‡≈¬
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 √âÕ¬≈–¢Õß‚√§∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬ 5 Õ—π¥—∫·√°„πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ®”·π°µ“¡‡æ» ‚√§ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß (n=103) ‚§‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈À√◊Õ‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß (n=89) ¢âÕÕ—°‡ ∫ (n=56) ‡∫“À«“π (‰¡àµâÕß„™âÕ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π) (n=35) ‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫‰µ (n=21) §ÕæÕ°/µàÕ¡‰∑√Õ¬¥åº‘¥ª°µ‘ (n=6)
°“√‰¥â √— ∫ ∫“¥‡®Á ∫ „π√Õ∫ªï ∑’Ë ºà “ π¡“ à«π„À≠à √âÕ¬≈– 77.9 ‰¡à‡§¬‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫√⓬ ·√ß®π¡’º≈µàÕ°“√„™â™’«‘µª√–®”«—π √âÕ¬≈– 22.1 ‰¥â √— ∫ ∫“¥‡®Á ∫ √â “ ¬·√ß®π¡’ º ≈µà Õ °“√„™â ™’ «‘ µ ª√–®”«—π ‚¥¬√âÕ¬≈– 42.0 ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π∑’Ëæ—°Õ“»—¬ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ „π à«π∑’ˇ≈àπ°’Ó / ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 17.4 ·≈– µ“¡∂ππ/µ√Õ°/´Õ¬ √âÕ¬≈– 15.9 à«π∑’Ë 3 °“√„™â∫√‘°“√ ÿ¢¿“æ„π√Õ∫ªï∑’Ë ºà“π¡“ ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ √â Õ ¬≈– 53.7 ®à “ ¬§à “ √— ° …“ 欓∫“≈®“° «— ¥‘°“√¢Õß√—∞„π∞“π–ºŸâ‡°…’¬≥ √âÕ¬≈– 39.3 ®à“¬¥â«¬‡ß‘πµπ‡Õß à«π„À≠à„™â ∫√‘ ° “√¿“§√— ∞ √â Õ ¬≈– 49.2 „™â ∫ √‘ ° “√∑’Ë ‚ √ß æ¬“∫“≈®—ßÀ«—¥/‚√ß欓∫“≈¢Õß√—∞Õ◊ËπÊ √âÕ¬≈– 12.4 „™â∫√‘°“√∑’Ë ∂“π’Õπ“¡—¬ à«π∑’Ë„™â∫√‘°“√ ¿“§‡Õ°™π §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈– 19.5 „™â∫√‘°“√∑’˧≈‘π‘° 82
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32.5 28.1 17.7 11.0 6.6 1.9
24.4 35.6 22.2 15.6 4.4 6.7
33.8 26.8 16.9 10.3 7.0 1.1
‡Õ°™π ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 15.0 ∑’Ë‚√ß欓∫“≈‡Õ°™π ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 13.0 ‰¡à‡§¬„™â∫√‘°“√·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 34.9 §‘¥«à“§«√‰ª„™â∫√‘°“√·µà‰¡à‰¥â‰ª„™â ‡π◊ÕË ß®“° “‡ÀµÿÀ≈—°§◊Õ µâÕß√Õπ“π‡°‘π‰ª √âÕ¬≈– 44.2 ‰¡à –¥«°„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß √âÕ¬≈– 25.8 §à“„™â®à“¬·æß ‡°‘ 𠉪 √â Õ ¬≈– 18.3 ·≈–‰¡à æ Õ„®°“√∫√‘ ° “√ √âÕ¬≈– 15.8 πÕ°®“°π—Èπ √âÕ¬≈– 76.3 ‡§¬„™â¬“ (°‘ π /©’ ¥ /∑“) ‚¥¬·æ∑¬å À √◊ Õ ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‡ªìπºŸâ —Ëß √âÕ¬≈– 59.6 ‡§¬´◊ÈÕ¬“∑’ˉ¡à µâÕ߉ª„™â„∫ —Ë߬“®“°·æ∑¬å ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 54.5 ‡§¬ „™â°“√√—°…“·ºπ‚∫√“≥/¬“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ à«π∑’Ë 4 惵‘°√√¡ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 79.5 ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬¥â«¬ °“√‡¥‘πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß‰¡àµË”°«à“ 10 π“∑’ Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 3 §√—ÈßµàÕ —ª¥“Àå ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬·∫∫Õ◊ËπÊ √âÕ¬≈– 41 ∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 49 √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 ·≈– æ∫«à “ °“√ÕÕ°°”≈— ß °“¬¡’ § «“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å °— ∫ °“√
¿“«– ÿ¢¿“溟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ËÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 3 §√—ÈßµàÕ —ª¥“Àå ®”·π°µ“¡≈—°…≥– °“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬ ≈—°…≥–°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬ 1 ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬∑’Ë„™â·√ß¡“° π“π°«à“ 20 π“∑’µàÕ§√—Èß ∑”„ÀâÀ—«„®‡µâπ·√ß·≈–‡√Á« (¢ÿ¥¥‘π, «‘Ëß, ‡µ–µ–°√âÕ, ¬°πÈ”Àπ—° œ≈œ) (n=284) 2 ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬∑’Ë„™â·√ß√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß √Ÿâ ÷°‰¡à‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬¡“° ·µàÀ“¬„®·√ß°«à“ª°µ‘ π“π°«à“ 20 π“∑’µàÕ§√—Èß (¬°πÈ”Àπ—°∑’ˇ∫“, ¢’Ë®—°√¬“𧫓¡‡√Á«§ß∑’Ë œ≈œ) (n=270) 3 ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬‡∫“Ê „™â·√߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ π“π°«à“ 20 π“∑’µàÕ§√—Èß (‚¬§– ‰∑‡°ä° ‚∫√å≈‘Ëß) (n=271) 4 ‡¥‘πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߉¡àÀ¬ÿ¥æ—° Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 10 π“∑’ (n=278)
‡ªì π ‚√§§ÕæÕ°/‰∑√Õ¬¥å ‡ ªì π æ‘ … Õ¬à “ ß¡’ π— ¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ √âÕ¬≈– 63.6 ∑”ß“π∫â“𠇙àπ ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥À√◊Õ∑” «π‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°«—π √âÕ¬≈– 13.7 ∑” 1-2 §√—ÈßµàÕ —ª¥“Àå πÕππâÕ¬°«à“ 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ßµàÕ«—π √âÕ¬≈– 62.1 ·≈– 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ßµàÕ«—π √âÕ¬≈– 27.8 (√«¡°“√πÕπ°≈“ß«—π‡ªìπª√–®”) √â Õ ¬≈– 64.0 ¥Ÿ ‚ ∑√∑— » πå · ≈–À√◊ Õ ‡≈à π ‡°¡ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ¡“°°«à“À√◊Õ‡∑à“°—∫ 2 ™—Ë«‚¡ßµàÕ«—π ∑ÿ°§π√—∫ª√–∑“πº—°·≈–º≈‰¡â √âÕ¬≈– 32.1 √—∫ ª√–∑“πº—°·≈–º≈‰¡â„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡§◊Õ 5 Àπ૬µàÕ«—π(5,6) Õ’°√âÕ¬≈– 67.9 √—∫ª√–∑“πº—° ·≈–º≈‰¡âπÕâ ¬°«à“ª√‘¡“≥∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡ √âÕ¬≈– 72.4 ‰¡à‡§¬π—ËßÀ√◊ÕπâÕ¬§√—Èß¡“°∑’Ëπ—ËßÀ≈—ß√∂°√–∫–À√◊Õ √∂∫√√∑ÿ°/ªîö°Õ—æ∑’ˉ¡à¡’À≈—ߧ“ ¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 ∑’Ëπ—Ë߇ªìπª√–®” °“√∫√‘‚¿§∫ÿÀ√’Ë·≈–·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ √âÕ¬≈– 57.0 ‡§¬ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë ·≈–¬—ß§ß Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë ®πªí®®ÿ∫—π √âÕ¬≈– 8.5 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ √âÕ¬≈– 18.6 ‰¡à ‡§¬¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë ‡ §¬¥◊Ë ¡ π—È π ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡ªì π ª√–®”√âÕ¬≈– 8.0 ¥◊Ë¡‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢â“ —ߧ¡ √âÕ¬≈– 47.5 ·≈–ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡≈‘°¥◊Ë¡·≈â« √âÕ¬≈– 25.9
√âÕ¬≈– 47.5 48.5 41.3 79.5
à«π∑’Ë 5 ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬∑“ß —ߧ¡ °‘®°√√¡∑“ß —ߧ¡ °‘®°√√¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡ªìπ °‘®°√√¡∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ à«π„À≠à‰¡à‰¥â‡¢â“√à«¡ ‡æ√“– π“πÊ §√—È ß µà Õ ªï ®÷ ß ∑”°‘ ® °√√¡‡À≈à “ π—È π √“¬ ≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 °“√‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° —ߧ¡ ºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ√âÕ¬≈– 66.8 √Ÿâ ÷°«à“ “¡“√∂«“ß„®ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ‰¥â ‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°§π ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 33.2 µâÕß√–¡—¥√–«—ߺŸâÕ◊Ëπ µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ à«π„À≠à‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ ®“°§√Õ∫§√—« ‡æ◊ËÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π/ºŸâ§π„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–°≈ÿà¡»“ π“ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 º≈¢Õß»“ π“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫™’«‘µºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ Õ∏‘∫“¬¥â«¬ 3 ª√–‡¥Áπ §◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡º™‘≠°—∫ ªí≠À“ »“ π“¡’ à«π ”§—≠„π°“√™à«¬„À⮑µ„®ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ß∫≈ß¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ æ‘∏°’ √√¡µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ –‡¥“–‡§√“–Àå °“√ «¥¿“«π“ ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ¡ “°πâ Õ ¬‡æ’ ¬ ß„¥ ·≈–ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ §‘ ¥ «à “ °√√¡¡’ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ ¡“°πâ Õ ¬‡æ’ ¬ ß„¥ ‚¥¬„Àâ §–·ππ·µà≈–ª√–‡¥Áπµ—Èß·µà√–¥—∫ 0 §◊Õ‰¡à‡≈¬ ∂÷ß 10 ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈â«®—¥·∫àß√–¥—∫§–·ππ‡ªìπ 3 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ 1)<12 §–·ππ »“ π“™à«¬ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰¡à‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ ¡’ªí≠À“ 2)12-17 §–·ππ »“ π“™à«¬ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ
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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë√à«¡°‘®°√√¡∑“ß —ߧ¡ ®”·π°µ“¡§«“¡∂’Ë °‘®°√√¡
∑ÿ°«—π
‡°◊Õ∫ 1-2 §√—Èß π“πÊ ‰¡à‡§¬ ∑ÿ° —ª¥“Àå µàÕ‡¥◊Õπ §√—ÈßµàÕªï
1 „™â‡«≈“°—∫∫‘¥“¡“√¥“À√◊Õ‡§√◊Õ≠“µ‘(n=266) 2 „™â‡«≈“ —ß √√§å°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π(n=275) 3 „™â‡«≈“ —ß √√§å°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ√à«¡ß“π À√◊Õ√à«¡Õ“™’æ(n=267) 4 „™â‡«≈“ —ß √√§å°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπÕ◊ËπÊ (‡æ◊ËÕπ‡°à“ œ≈œ)(n=277) 5 „™â‡«≈“√à«¡°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ„π ∂“π∑’Ë »—°¥‘Ï ‘∑∏‘Ï («—¥ œ≈œ)(n=282) 6 „™â‡«≈“√à«¡°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ„π ∂“π∑’Ë æ—°ºàÕπ/ß“πÕ“ “ ¡—§√Õ◊ËπÊ(n=277) 7 √à«¡ß“πæ√√§°“√‡¡◊Õß/ ¡“§¡ °“√§â“/°≈ÿà¡æ‘∑—°…å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡(n=274)
21.8 9.8 11.2
14.3 28.7 22.5
18.4 26.5 25.8
33.1 29.8 30.7
12.4 5.1 9.7
2.2
10.5
22.0
58.8
6.5
4.3
19.9
26.6
39.4
9.9
2.9
10.5
19.1
49.8
17.7
1.5
5.8
12.4
37.2
43.1
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“°∫ÿ§§≈/Õߧå°√ ®”·π°µ“¡§«“¡∂’Ë ∫ÿ§§≈/Õߧå°√ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
§√Õ∫§√—«µπ‡Õß(n=305) ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π/ºŸâ§π„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ(n=288) Õߧ尓√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ(n=282) °≈ÿà¡»“ π“(n=282) ‡æ◊ËÕπ(n=287) 𓬮â“ß/‡®â“π“¬(n=259) ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ„π∑’Ë∑”ß“π(n=258)
πâÕ¬¡“°
§àÕπ¢â“ß πâÕ¬
§àÕπ¢â“ß ¡“°
4.9 11.1 27.3 14.9 10.5 10.8 6.6
8.9 31.6 31.9 28.4 23.7 17.0 12.8
31.8 45.5 21.3 32.6 52.6 22.0 34.1
‰¥â∫â“ß ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ªí≠À“ ·≈–3)18-30 §–·ππ »“ π“ ™à«¬ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ªí≠À“ º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ √âÕ¬≈– 77.2 Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡»“ π“™à«¬‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ªí≠À“ ¡’Õ’°√âÕ¬≈– 9.6 ∑’Ë»“ π“™à«¬‰¡à‰¥â
84
¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‰¡à¡’∫ÿ§§≈ ¥—ß°≈à“« 50.8 5.9 3.5 12.1 10.5 2.7 5.8
3.6 5.9 16.0 12.1 2.8 47.5 40.7
à«π∑’Ë 6 §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿª√–‡¡‘π®“°§«“¡æ÷ßæÕ„®„π 10 ª√–‡¥Áπ §◊Õ ¡“µ√∞“π°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ ÿ¢¿“æµπ‡Õß §«“¡
¿“«– ÿ¢¿“溟⠟ßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™
”‡√Á®„π™’«‘µ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ë𠧫“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß™ÿ¡™π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà §«“¡¡—Ë π §ß„πÕ𓧵 ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà Õ “»— ¬ »“ π“À√◊Õ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ ·≈–™’«‘µ‚¥¬√«¡¢ÕߺŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ ‚¥¬„À⧖·ππ·µà≈–ª√–‡¥Áπµ—ßÈ ·µà√–¥—∫ 0 §◊Õ ‰¡àæÕ„®Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ∂÷ß 10 æÕ„®∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈â«®—¥·∫àß √–¥—∫§–·ππ‡ªìπ 4 °≈ÿࡧ◊Õ 1) <40 §–·ππ ¡’ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’ˉ¡à¥’ 2) 41-60 §–·ππ ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ ™’«‘µª“π°≈“ß 3)61-80 §–·ππ ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ ∑’¥Ë ·’ ≈– 4) 81-100 §–·ππ ¡’§≥ ÿ ¿“æ™’«µ‘ ∑’¥Ë ¡’ “° æ∫«à“ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ°≈ÿà¡π’È¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’·≈–¥’¡“° √«¡°— π √â Õ ¬≈– 87.8 ¡’ ‡ æ’ ¬ ß√â Õ ¬≈– 2.1 ∑’Ë ¡’ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’ˉ¡à¥’ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 7
ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ™’ «‘ µ ¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ §◊Õ ºŸâ∑’˪√–‡¡‘π ÿ¢¿“æµπ‡Õß«à“¥’ ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°°√–©—∫°√–‡©ß ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à°—ß«≈À√◊Õ´÷¡‡»√â“ À√◊ÕÀßÿ¥Àß‘¥ ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”°‘®«—µ√ª√–®”«—π‰¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë ∑”ß“π„π∫â“π·≈–πÕ°∫â“π‰¥â ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à¡’§«“¡‡®Á∫ ª«¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°«à“»“ π“¡’ à«π™à«¬·°â ªí≠À“™’«‘µ ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à¡’ªí≠À“∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‰¡à “¡“√∂ πÕߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√„π ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ‰¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’ øíπ·∑â‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ 20 ´’Ë ºŸâ∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑” °‘®°√√¡∑“ß —ߧ¡‰¥â ºŸâ∑’ËπÕπ«—π≈– 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ºŸâ∑’Ë √Ÿâ ÷°‰«â«“ß„®ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ·≈–ºŸâ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° §√Õ∫§√—« ‡æ◊ËÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π ºŸâ§π„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈– °≈ÿà¡»“ π“
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 ®”π«π·≈–√âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ®”·π°µ“¡§–·ππ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«µ‘ 1) <40 §–·ππ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’ˉ¡à¥’ 2) 41-60 §–·ππ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µª“π°≈“ß 3) 61-80 §–·ππ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ 4) 81-100 §–·ππ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’¡“° Mean(SD): 78.4 (14.6) min-max:19-100 (n=288)
Õ¿‘ª√“¬º≈ ¿“«– ÿ ¢ ¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™∑’Ë„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑«—Ë ‰ª(2) §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß√âÕ¬≈– 33.8 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 31.7 ‡ªìπ‚√§¢âÕ Õ—°‡ ∫√âÕ¬≈– 17.7 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 20.8 ¡’ªí≠À“°“√‰¥â¬‘π√âÕ¬≈– 12.9 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫ √âÕ¬≈– 15.6 à«π∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π §◊Õ ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˇªìπ π—°»÷°…“√âÕ¬≈– 92.4 ‡ªìπ‚√§Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 1 ‚√§ ¢≥– ∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª√âÕ¬≈– 50.0 ‡ªìπ‚√§‡°’ˬ«
®”π«π(§π)
√âÕ¬≈–
6 29 113 140
2.1 10.1 39.2 48.6
°—∫‰µ√âÕ¬≈– 6.6 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 3.5 ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ÿ ‚ ¢∑— ¬ ∏√√¡“∏‘√“™¡’ ÿ¢¿“楒°«à“ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª „π‡√◊ËÕß ‰¡àµâÕß„™â·«àπµ“√âÕ¬≈– 23.6 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫ √âÕ¬≈– 53.7 ¡’øíπ‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ 20 ´’Ë√âÕ¬ ≈– 67.7 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 54.8 ‰¡à¡’øíπ ∑—ßÈ ª“°√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ∑«—Ë ‰ªæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 10.5(7) ª√–‡¡‘π«à“ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õßµπ‡Õß·¬àÀ√◊Õ·¬à¡“°√âÕ¬≈– 4.7 ´÷ËߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª¡’∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 24.3 §«“¡·µ° µà“ß∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡¢Õß√à“ß°“¬π’Èπà“®–¡“®“°
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH January - March 2010
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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ §«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕßÕ“¬ÿ §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 66.3 ¢Õß°≈ÿà¡ π—°»÷°…“Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ 60-64 ªï ¢≥–∑’Ë¡’‡æ’¬ß √âÕ¬≈– 33.9 ¢Õß°≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß Õ“¬ÿπ(3) ’È ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“惵‘°√√¡∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ÿ ‚ ¢∑— ¬ ∏√√¡“∏‘ √“™√âÕ¬≈– 79.5 ¡’°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 3 §√—ÈßµàÕ —ª¥“À凙àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ≈“¥°√–∫—ß °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√√âÕ¬≈– 76.5(8) µà“ß°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ∑—Ë«‰ª´÷Ëß¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 21.3(3) √âÕ¬≈– 32.1 √—∫ ª√–∑“πº— ° ·≈–º≈‰¡â „ πª√‘ ¡ “≥∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡(5 Àπ૬µàÕ«—π) ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π°“√∫√‘‚¿§ º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â¢Õߧπ‰∑¬„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’„π √–¥—∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ µ—Èß·µà√âÕ¬≈– 20 „π¿“§µ–«—π ÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 36 „π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√(9) ¬—ß§ß Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë√âÕ¬≈– 8.5 πâÕ¬°«à“ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë æ∫√âÕ¬≈– 17.7(3) ¡’‡æ’¬ß¥◊¡Ë ÿ√“ª√–®”√âÕ¬≈– 8.0 ´÷Ëß¡“°°«à“ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡’√âÕ¬≈– 3.0 ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È πà“‡ªìπ‡æ√“–°≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™¡’ºŸâ™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 85.8 ¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª‡ªì𙓬√âÕ¬≈– 45.7 ·≈–‡ªìπ∑’Ë ∑√“∫∑—«Ë ‰ª«à“Õ—µ√“¥◊¡Ë ÿ√“„𙓬 Ÿß°«à“À≠‘ß(10,11) ”À√— ∫ 惵‘ ° √√¡Õ◊Ë π ∑’Ë ° ≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“ ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â‡À¡“– ¡°«à“ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ªπà“®–‡ªìπ ‡æ√“–°“√»÷°…“§◊Õ°≈ÿà¡·√°®∫°“√»÷°…“¡“°°«à“ ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 3 ∑ÿ°§π ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 37.8 ®∫ ª√‘≠≠“µ√’À√◊Õ Ÿß°«à“ ¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª¡’ºŸâ ®∫ Ÿß°«à“ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ªï∑ ’Ë ‡’Ë æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 12.9(3) ¢âÕ ∑’Ëπà“ —߇°µ§◊Õ∂÷ß®–¡’惵‘°√√¡„πª√–‡¥Áπ¢â“ßµâπ ‡À¡“– ¡°«à“ ·µàºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™¬—ß¡’¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬„π√–¥—∫Õâ«π ¡“°°«à“§π∑—Ë«‰ª §◊Õ¡’¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬„π√–¥—∫Õâ«π √âÕ¬≈– 33.3 ¢≥–∑’Ëæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 25.6 „πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»(11) 86
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¥â “ π§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ™’ «‘ µ ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™√âÕ¬≈– 87.8 ¡’ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ ¢≥–∑’Ëæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 73.8 „πºŸâ Ÿß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà „ π ∂“π∑’Ë æ— ° ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ‡ Õ°™π„π °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 48.8 ¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë ∫â“π∫“ß·§(12) µ—«‡≈¢π’È Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∑’Ë¡“¢Õß ¥—™π’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ À√◊Õ¥—™π’Õ◊ËπÊ ≈à“ ÿ¥ æ.».2548 §◊Õ ¡“µ√∞“π·≈–µ—«™’È«—¥§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 10 ¡‘µ‘ §◊Õ ∑’ÕË ¬ŸÕà “»—¬ ÿ¢¿“æÕπ“¡—¬ °“√»÷°…“ °“√¡’ß“π∑”·≈–√“¬‰¥â §«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß à«π∫ÿ§§≈ §√Õ∫§√—« °“√ π—∫ πÿπ∑“ß —ߧ¡ —ߧ¡-«—≤π∏√√¡ ‘∑∏‘·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡ ·≈– °“√‡¡◊Õß ∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥®“°°“√»÷°…“π’ȧ◊Õ ¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ „ π ∂“π∑’Ë æ— ° ‡Õ°™π·≈–ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∫â “ π ∫“ß·§‰¡à‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∫â“π°—∫≈Ÿ°À≈“π ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿπ—° »÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™‰¡à¡’„§√Õ¬Ÿà §π‡¥’¬« √âÕ¬≈– 67.3 ¢ÕߺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿπ—°»÷°…“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ ¡’√“¬‰¥â¡“° °«à“Àπ÷ËßÀ¡◊Ëπ∫“∑µàÕ‡¥◊Õπ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 11.7 ¡’√“¬ ‰¥âπâÕ¬°«à“ “¡æ—π∫“∑µàÕ‡¥◊Õπ ¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ∫â“π∫“ß·§πà“®–¡’‡»√…∞“π–„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡’√“¬‰¥â‡©≈’ˬ 4,918 ∫“∑µàÕ‡¥◊Õπ(3) π Õ ° ® “ ° π—È π ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ “ ¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° … “ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ √âÕ¬≈– 80.9 ·µàßß“π·≈–Õ¬Ÿà°—∫§Ÿà§√Õß à«πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª¡’ √âÕ¬≈– 64.0(13) ·≈–¡’ºŸâÕ¬Ÿà§π‡¥’¬«√âÕ¬≈– 7.1 ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿπ°— »÷°…“¡’∞“𖇪ìπÀ—«Àπⓧ√Õ∫§√—«√âÕ¬≈– 83.1 ¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑—Ë«‰ª¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 58.4 à«π‡√◊ËÕßªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–¥— ß µà Õ ‰ªπ’È ® –¡’ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’°«à“ §◊Õ ºŸâ∑’˪√–‡¡‘π ÿ¢¿“æ µπ‡Õß«à“¥’ ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°°√–©—∫°√–‡©ß ºŸâ∑’ˉ¡à°—ß«≈ À√◊Õ´÷¡‡»√â“À√◊ÕÀßÿ¥Àß‘¥ ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”°‘®«—µ√ª√–®” «—π‰¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”ß“π„π∫â“π·≈–πÕ°∫â“π‰¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë
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‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥∑“ß√à“ß°“¬ ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°«à“»“ π“ ¡’ à « π™à « ¬·°â ªí ≠ À“™’ «‘ µ ‰¥â ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ ªí ≠ À“ ∑“ß°“√‡ß‘ π ´÷Ë ß ∑”„Àâ ‰ ¡à “¡“√∂ πÕߧ«“¡ µâÕß°“√„π ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ‰¥â ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’øíπ·∑â‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ ¡“°°«à“ 20 ´’Ë ºŸâ∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”°‘®°√√¡∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‰¥â ºŸâ∑’ËπÕπ«—π≈– 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ ÷°‰«â«“ß„®ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ·≈–ºŸâ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“°§√Õ∫§√—« ‡æ◊ËÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π ºŸâ§π„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–°≈ÿà¡»“ π“ ´÷Ëß¡’ ≈—°…≥–∫“ß à«π∑’Ë„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„π°≈ÿࡺŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ ®— ß À«— ¥ ‡™’ ¬ ß„À¡à (4) §◊ Õ πÕπÀ≈— ∫ ¥’ ¡’ ÿ¢¿“楒 ¡’øíπ‡∑à“°—∫À√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ 20 ´’Ë ÕÕ° °”≈—ß°“¬‡ªìπª√–®” ·≈–∑”°‘®«—µ√ª√–®”«—π‰¥â ∑—Èßπ’È°“√»÷°…“°≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à„™â ·∫∫ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’˪√—∫ª√ÿß®“° ¥—™π’™’È «—¥§«“¡ ÿ¢ ”À√—∫§π‰∑¬∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß°√¡ ÿ¢¿“æ ®‘µ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§”∂“¡ 15 ¢âÕ(14) ¡’ 4 Õß§å ª√–°Õ∫§◊Õ §«“¡‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬∑“ß®‘µ §«“¡ “¡“√∂ ¢Õß®‘µ §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß®‘µ·≈–ªí®®—¬ π—∫ πÿπ ·≈â« ‡æ‘Ë¡„πª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕß °“√√—∫√Ÿâ¢à“« “√ ·≈– ÿ¢¿“æ ™àÕߪ“° ‡ªìπ§”∂“¡√«¡ 20 ¢âÕ à«π°“√»÷°…“ ºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿπ°— »÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ πÕ°®“°§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷ ° ¥â “ π®‘ µ „® Õ“√¡≥å · ≈â « ¡’ ª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕß ÿ¢¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ ·≈– ™ÿ¡™π ‡æ‘¡Ë Õ¬Ÿ„à π·∫∫ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«µ‘ √«¡‡ªìπ 10 ¢âÕ§”∂“¡
√ÿª ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ π— ° »÷ ° …“¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ÿ ‚ ¢∑— ¬ ∏√√¡“∏‘√“™√âÕ¬≈– 85.8 ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 64.2 ªï ‡°◊Õ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“æÿ∑∏ °“√ »÷°…“¢—ÈπµË”§◊Õ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 3 ¡’¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“„π ∑—Ë«∑ÿ°¿“§ √âÕ¬≈– 80.9 ·µàßß“π·≈–Õ¬Ÿà°—∫§Ÿà§√Õß ‰¡à¡’„§√Õ¬Ÿà§π‡¥’¬« à«π„À≠àÕ¬Ÿà∫â“π¢Õßµπ‡Õß ·≈–¡’∞“𖇪ìπÀ—«Àπⓧ√Õ∫§√—« √âÕ¬≈– 67.3 ¡’
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THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH January - March 2010
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