∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª
∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª
°“√µ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¥â«¬°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å (Gassening network for air pollution monitoring) ®—°√“æ‘™≠å Õ—µ‚π* π‘æπ∏å ° ‘æ√âÕß** Õÿ¥¡ ∑‘æ√“™**
∫∑π” ªí®®ÿ∫—πªí≠À“¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»„πÀ≈“¬ ª√–‡∑»∑—Ë«‚≈° ∑«’§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ‚¥¬ ‡©æ“–„π‡¡◊Õß„À≠à¢Õߪ√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“ ‡™àπ °√ÿ ß ‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ∑’Ë ¡’ ¬ “π¬πµå ®”π«π¡“° ª√–‡∑»Õÿ µ “À°√√¡„À¡à Õ ¬à “ ߇™à π ®’ π ∑’Ë °”≈— ß ª√– ∫°—∫ “√¡≈æ‘…∑’Ë·æ√à°√–®“¬ª°§≈ÿ¡‰ª ∑—Ë « ∑—È ß ‡¡◊ Õ ß “‡Àµÿ ¡ “®“°°“√‡√à ß æ— ≤ π“ ‡»√…∞°‘ ® ·≈–Õÿ µ “À°√√¡µà “ ßÊ À√◊ Õ ·¡â · µà ª√–‡∑»æ— ≤ π“·≈â « Õ¬à “ ßÕÕ ‡µ√’ ¬ ∑’Ë ‡ æ‘Ë ß ®– ª√– ∫°—∫À¡Õ° §«—π ·≈–ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‡≈Á° (PM10, PM2.5) ª°§≈ÿ¡‰ª∑—Ë«∑—È߇¡◊ÕßÕ¬Ÿà À≈“¬«—π ®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∫àß™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ªí≠À“‡™àππ’È ¬—ߧ߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π∑ÿ°Ê æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ·µàµâπ‡Àµÿ∑’ˇÀÁπ‡¥àπ ™—¥¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ °“√„™â‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßøÕ ´‘≈ ‡™àπ πÈ”¡—π ·≈–°ä“´∏√√¡™“µ‘‡ªìπæ≈—ßß“π¢—∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ °‘ ® °√√¡µà “ ßÊ ·≈–°à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√ª≈à Õ ¬ “√ ¡≈æ‘…À≈“¬™π‘¥ÕÕ° Ÿ∫à √√¬“°“»∑’ Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à Õπÿ ¿ “§ΩÿÉ π °ä “ ´§“√å ∫ Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å °ä “ ´
§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å °ä“´´—≈‡øÕ√剥ÕÕ°‰´¥å √«¡∑—Èß “√ª√–°Õ∫Õ‘π∑√’¬å àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ëß ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈– ÿ¢¿“æ¡πÿ…¬å («π‘¥“ ®’π»“ µ√å, 2551) π“π“ª√–‡∑»‰¥â欓¬“¡À“«‘∏°’ “√µà“ß Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥°“√°—∫ªí≠À“¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» Õ“∑‘ ‡™àπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ –Õ“¥ ∫“ߪ√–‡∑» À— 𠉪„™â æ ≈— ß ß“π∑¥·∑πÕ¬à “ ßæ≈— ß ß“π 𑫇§≈’¬√å‡æ√“–‡ªìπæ≈—ßß“π –Õ“¥ ·≈–¡’°“√ µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ”À√—∫ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥âµ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» ‚¥¬„™â ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»·∫∫Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ·≈– ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»™—Ë«§√“«∫√‘‡«≥√‘¡ ∂ππ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ√∂¬πµå‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë ·≈–„™â‡§√◊ËÕß·°ä ‚§√¡“‚µ°√“øøï (Gas Chromatography) «‘‡§√“–Àå°ä“´ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¢π“¥„À≠à ¡’§à“ „™â®à“¬ Ÿß ·≈–µâÕß¡’ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠„π°“√„™âß“π ®÷ß ¡’°“√§‘¥§âπ·≈–æ—≤π“À—«µ√«®«—¥°ä“´À√◊Õ °ä“´ ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å (Gas Sensor) ∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á° „™â
* ∫—≥±‘µ “¢“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ** ¿“§«‘™“øî ‘° å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’
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°√°Ø“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2553 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬
à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
°“√µ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¥â«¬°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å
æ≈—ßß“πµË” √“§“∂Ÿ° “¡“√∂𔉪µ‘¥µ—Èß„π ∫√‘‡«≥∑’˵âÕß°“√‰¥â –¥«° (»‘√‘°—≈¬“ ÿ«®‘µµ“ ππ∑å, 2549)
°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å °ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√凪ìπÕÿª°√≥宔櫰∑√“𠥑«‡´Õ√å™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß „™â ”À√—∫µ√«®®—∫‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ ¢Õß°ä“´ ·≈â«∑”°“√·ª≈ß —≠≠“≥∑“߉øøÑ“ µ“¡§ÿ ≥ ¡∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß°“√µ√«® Õ∫ ¡’ à « π ª√–°Õ∫À≈—° 2 à«π §◊Õ ·ºàπµ√«®®—∫ (Membrane Sensing) ∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë µ √«®®— ∫ À√◊ Õ ∑” ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑“߇§¡’°—∫°ä“´∑’˵âÕß°“√«—¥ ∑√“𠥑« ‡´Õ√å (Transducer) ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß°ä“´∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫ à«πµ√«®®—∫‡ªìπ —≠≠“≥‰øøÑ“ ∑—Èß Õß à«πÕ“®√«¡‡¢â“‡ªìπµ—« ‡¥’¬«°—π‰¥â ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ”À√—∫„™âµ√«®«—¥°ä“´ ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ¡’ 4 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ Optical gas sensors, Electrochemical gas sensor, Semiconducting gas sensor ·≈– Spectroscopic gas sensor (infra-red) ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‚¥¬∑’誹Դ semiconducting gas sensor ·≈– electrochemical gas sensor π—Èππ‘¬¡π”‰ª„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ¡“°°«à“™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ‡æ√“– “¡“√∂µ√«®«—¥§à“ §«“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π ¢Õß°ä “ ´¥â « ¬°“√«— ¥ §à “ §«“¡ µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“ (Wagiran ·≈–§≥–, 2004)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å™π‘¥µà“ßÊ (∑’Ë¡“: °≈Õ¬„® °“ß°√≥å, 2551)
Catalytic bead sensor
Solid state sensor
Electrochemical sensor
À—«µ√«®«—¥·µà≈–™π‘¥¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√ µ√«®®—∫°ä“´‰¥â·µ°µà“ß°—𠇙àπ Electrochemical gas sensor ‡À¡“– ”À√—∫„™âµ√«®®—∫°ä“´ §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å °ä“´§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å ‡ªìπµâπ
Infrared sensor
Photo-ionization sensor
À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇´Á π ‡´Õ√å · µà ≈ –™π‘ ¥ ®– ·µ°µà“ß°—π ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ª√–‡¿∑¢Õ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√å ·≈– «— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™âº≈‘µ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈⫇´Áπ‡´Õ√å∑’Ë„™â„πß“π ¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®–„™â‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®«—¥°ä“´æ‘… ·≈–
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH July - September 2010
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∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â°Á§◊Õ Electro-chemical gas sensor ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õ‘‡≈Á°‚∑√¥ 2 µ—« §◊Õ sensing electrode ·≈– counter electrode ‚¥¬ ¡’ thin layer ·¬°∑—Èß 2 à«π·≈–Õ‘‡≈§‚µ‰≈πå ÕÕ°®“°°—π ·≈–∑’Ë counter electrode ¡’Õ‘‡≈Á° ‚∑√¥Õâ“ßÕ‘ß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë°”Àπ¥§à“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ¢Õß§à“ Õâ“ßՑ߉«â ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ª√‘¡“≥°ä“´∑’Ë√—∫ ‡¢â“¡“ µ—«°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åÀÿ⡥⫬æ≈“ µ‘° ∫√‘‡«≥ »Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√å¡’™àÕß∑“߇¢â“¢Õß°ä“´ (Capillary) ∑’Ë¡’ Barrier §«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß °ä“´∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°—∫º‘«¢Õß Sensing electrode ®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 °ä“´®–·æ√àºà“π Capillary ‡¢â“‰ª —¡º— °—∫ Sensing electrode ‚¥¬∑’Ë
Õ—µ√“¢Õß°ä“´∑’ºË “à π‡¢â“‰ª®–∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬ capillary diffusion barrier ·≈–∑”ªØ‘ °‘ √‘ ¬ “ Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß´÷Ëß°ä“´Õ“®∂Ÿ° oxidized À√◊Õ Õ“®∂Ÿ° reduced ∑’Ë sensing electrode ·≈–∑” ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“µàÕ∑’ˇ§“∑凵Õ√å ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑“߇§¡’π’È°àÕ „À⇰‘¥°√–· ‰øøÑ“ °√–· ‰ø∑’ˉ¥â®– àߺà“π‰ª ∑’Ë ¢ “¢Õ߇´Á π ‡´Õ√å (pins) ‡™◊Ë Õ ¡µà Õ °— ∫ µ— « µâ“π∑“π«ß®√¿“¬πÕ°∑’˪√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ªµ“¡·√ß ¥—πµ°§√àÕ¡¢Õß°√–· ‰ø∑’Ë„™âµ√«®«—¥ °√–· ‰øÀ√◊Õ·√ߥ—πµ°§√àÕ¡∑’ˉ¥â®–‡ªìπ —¥ à«π°—∫ §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß°ä“´∑’Ë«—¥‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪¢¬“¬ (Amplify) ·≈–ª√— ∫ ‡∑’ ¬ ∫¡“µ√∞“π‡§√◊Ë Õ ß µ√«®«—¥ (Calibrate) ‡©æ“–°ä“´„¥·≈â«®–«—¥ ª√‘¡“≥°ä“´π—Èπ‰¥â
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß Electro-chemical gas sensor
µ—«Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ °“√µ√«®«—¥°ä“´§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å (CO) ¡’ªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “√–À«à“ß°ä“´°—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°‚∑√¥¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“ß CO °—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°‚∑√¥ §◊Õ Sensing: CO + H2O ➠ CO2 + 2H+ + 2e(1) 1 + Counter: /2O2 + 2H + 2e ➠ H2O (2) ®“° ¡°“√∑’Ë 1 ‡¡◊ËÕ CO ‡¢â“¡“ —¡º— °—∫ sensing electrode ®–∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°—∫ H2O ‰¥â 32
°√°Ø“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2553 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬
à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
CO2 + 2H ®“°π—ÈπÕÕ°´‘‡®π®–∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°—∫ Counter electrode °≈—∫‡ªìπ H2O Õ’°§√—Èß
°“√µ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¥â«¬°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å
æ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“„À¡àµàÕ‰ª µ“¡ ¡°“√∑’Ë 2 ¥—ßπ—Èπ Counter electrode ®÷߇ªìπÕ‘‡≈Á°‚∑√¥∑’Ë ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëπ—∫°√–· ¢Õß°ä“´∑’ˇ¢â“¡“ —¡º— °—∫ ∫√‘‡«≥º‘«Àπâ“¢Õ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√å ¡’Àπ૬‡ªìπ ppm (Part per millions) „π°√≥’∑‰’Ë ¡à¡Õ’ Õ°´‘‡®π ‡´Áπ ‡´Õ√å “¡“√∂„™â H2 ·∑π‰¥â ‚¥¬Õ—µ√“°“√„™â H2 ¡“®“° —≠≠“≥∑’ˉ¥â√—∫®“° sensing electrode °“√µ√«®«— ¥ °ä “ ´„π∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ Õ Õ°´‘ ‡ ®π (Anaerobic gas) Õ“®®–„Àâ º ≈≈— æ ∏å „ π√Ÿ ª ¢Õß —≠≠“≥§à“‡∫’ˬ߇∫π (signal drift) ·∑π ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åπ’È®–∑”ß“π‰¥â„π ∂“π∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ‡∑à“π—Èπ (E2V Technologies (UK) Limited, 2007)
°“√µ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»¥â«¬ °ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ¥â«¬§«“¡≈È”Àπâ“∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ‰¥â¡’°“√π”°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åΩíß≈ß (Embedded) „𠇧√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õµ√«®«—¥°ä“´·∫∫æ°æ“ (Portable) ·≈– ·∫∫µ‘¥µ—Èß ¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á° “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπ‡´Áπ ‡´Õ√å∑¥·∑π‰¥â∂Ⓡ°‘¥°“√™”√ÿ¥‡ ’¬À“¬ À√◊Õ À¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π ‡À¡“– ”À√—∫„™âµ√«®«—¥ §ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»„πß“π«‘®—¬¿“§ π“¡ ·≈–ß“π §«∫§ÿ¡§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¿“¬„πÕ“§“√ ‡™àπ ‚√ßß“π Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‚√ßß“π·ª√√ŸªÕ“À“√ ∂“π’¢π àß ‡´Á π ‡´Õ√å ® – à ß — ≠ ≠“≥·®â ß ‡µ◊ Õ π∑— π ∑’ ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ¡’ √–¥—∫¢Õß°ä“´æ‘…ª≈àÕ¬ÕÕ°¡“‡°‘π§à“¡“µ√∞“π ®÷ß¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√„™â§«∫§ÿ¡°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“ °“√°—°‡°Á∫ ‘π§â“À√◊Õ«—µ∂ÿÕ—πµ√“¬µà“ß Ê ·µà°“√„™â°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµ√«®«—¥°Á¡’¢âÕ‡ ’¬µ√ß∑’Ë °ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å∫“ß™π‘¥¢“¥§«“¡®”‡æ“–µàÕ°ä“´ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥åµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ‰ø‰À¡âÀ√◊Õ¡’°“√ √—Ë « ‰À≈¢Õß°ä “ ´ÕÕ°®“°¢—È π µÕπ°“√º≈‘ µ „π ‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ∑”„Àâ°ä“´À≈“¬™π‘¥·æ√à
ÕÕ° Ÿà∫√√¬“°“» °“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“™π‘¥¢Õß°ä“´ ®÷߇°‘¥§«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å∑’Ë®– π”¡“„™â ®÷ ß µâ Õ ßºà “ π°“√√— ∫ √Õß«à “ ª√— ∫ ‡∑’ ¬ ∫ ¡“µ√∞“π°“√µ√«®«—¥·≈â« ·≈–°àÕ𵑥µ—Èß„™â ß“π®–µâÕß∑√“∫∂÷ߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß°ä“´∑’˵âÕß°“√ µ√«®«—¥ ·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√嵓¡‡°≥±å µàÕ‰ªπ’È §◊Õ §«“¡®”‡æ“–µàÕ°ä“´, ºà“π°“√ª√—∫ ‡∑’¬∫¡“µ√∞“π‡§√◊ËÕßµ√«®«—¥, °“√µÕ∫ πÕß µàÕ°ä“´, æ‘ —¬°“√«—¥, §«“¡‡ ∂’¬√ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â À—«µ√«®«—¥‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß (Christopher, 2001) ·µà∂÷ß°√–π—Èπ°Á¬—߇ªìπ°“√µ√«®«—¥°ä“´‰¥â‡©æ“– ∫“ßæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ∑à“π—Èπ ¬—ß‰¡à§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∂÷ß°“√·æ√à °√–®“¬¢Õß°ä “ ´æ‘ … ·∫∫‡™‘ ß æ◊È π ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‰ ¡à “¡“√∂«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå À √◊ Õ ∑”π“¬º≈°√–∑∫„π«ß °«â“߉¥â ‡æ√“–°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¢Õß “√¡≈æ‘…∑“ß Õ“°“» °“√§ßÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ¢Õß “√¡≈æ‘… ªí®®—¬∑’ˇªìπµ—«°”Àπ¥§◊Õ ¿“æ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡™àπ ≈—°…≥–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡‡√Á« ≈¡ ∑‘»∑“ß≈¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√∑’Ë®–µ√«®«—¥¢π“¥ ª√‘¡“≥¢Õßªí®®—¬¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å®÷ß π”«‘∑¬“°“√¥â“π´Õø·«√å §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å √–∫∫ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√ °ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ◊ËπÊ ¡“ ∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π‡ªìπ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ‡πÁµ‡«‘√å§ ‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–«‘‡§√“–Àå ‚¥¬¡’ ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»„ÀâÕ¬ŸàµË” °«à“‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π (Arzberger, 2004)
‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å (Sensor network) ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å‡πÁµ‡«‘√å§ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ √–∫∫ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√∑—Èß·∫∫¡’ “¬·≈–‰√â “¬, ‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ (Base stations), ‡§√◊ÕË ß‡´‘√øå ‡«Õ√å (Sensor Network Server), ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å™π‘¥µà“ß Ê (Sensor node) ®“°π’®È –‡√’¬°‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å«“à ‚Àπ¥
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∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª ·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ◊ËπÊ ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕß«—¥§«“¡‡√Á«≈¡ ‡´Áπ ‡´Õ√å«—¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡§√◊ËÕß·®âßµ”·Àπàß (Global Positioning System: GPS) ·≈–√–∫∫ ¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å “√ π‡∑» (Geographic Information System: GIS) ∑’Ë “¡“√∂«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ¿“æ∂à“¬®“°¥“«‡∑’¬¡·≈–·ºπ∑’ˉ¥â °“√∑”ß“π ¢Õ߇§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬‡´Á π ‡´Õ√å ‡ √‘Ë ¡ ®“°‚Àπ¥·≈– Õÿª°√≥å‡À≈à“π’È àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ºà“π√–∫∫°“√ ◊ËÕ “√¡“ ∑’ˇ§√◊ËÕß√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’‚ª√·°√¡ ”À√—∫®—¥≈”¥—∫
™—Èπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ °“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ °“√ª√–¡«≈º≈ °“√ µ—¥ ‘π„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡Àµÿ°“√≥å Õ–‰√ ‡¡◊ËÕ‰À√à ·≈– Õ¬à“߉√ (‡¡◊ËÕ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–‡À¡“– ¡) ‡æ◊ËÕ ®”≈Õß ∂“π°“√≥å ·≈–∑”π“¬∂÷ß°“√°√–®“¬ µ—«¢Õß¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‰¥â ·≈–√“¬ß“πº≈ÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ¿“æ æ◊πÈ ∑’Ë µ”·Àπàß ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ ®“°π—Èπ àß —≠≠“≥µàÕ¡“∑’ˇ§√◊ËÕß ‡´‘√åø‡«Õ√å (Sensor Network Server) „À⺟ℙ⠇√’¬°¥Ÿ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ºà“π∑“߇«Á∫‰´¥å‰¥â∑—π∑’ ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 3
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ‰¥Õ–·°√¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√å‡πÁµ‡«‘√å§ (∑’Ë¡“: Jane and Martinez, 2006)
°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õ߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å„π æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π „Àâ∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æπ—Èπ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–µ‘¥µ—È߇ªìπ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬®– µâÕß»÷°…“∂÷ß≈—°…≥–∑“ß°“¬¿“æ¢Õß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡™àπ ≈—°…≥–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ∂“π∑’˵—Èß ®”π«π¢Õß·À≈àß °”‡π‘¥¡≈æ‘… ·≈–§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢ÕߺŸâ„™â ‡æ◊ËÕ ÕÕ°·∫∫√–∫∫¢Õ߇§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬ °“√·ª≈§«“¡ À¡“¬¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈„Àâ “¡“√∂‡¢â“„®‰¥â „π à«π¢Õß °“√µ‘¥µ—Èß√–∫∫π—Èπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ®–µâÕß∑π∑“πµàÕ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Õ“∑‘‡™àπ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ¿“æÕ“°“» §«“¡¥—π À√◊Õ·√ß —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ 34
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”§—≠¢Õ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√å‡πÁµ‡«‘√å§ ¡’¥—ßπ’È §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ”À√—∫®”≈ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß √–∫∫°“√ ◊ËÕ “√·∫∫¡’ “¬À√◊Õ·∫∫‰√â “¬ ·≈–°“√ àß∂à“¬¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‡§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬‡´Á π ‡´Õ√å ∑’Ë ‡À¡“– ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√µ√«®«—¥ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå ·≈– °“√∑”𓬠°“√µ‘¥µ—È߇´Áπ‡´Õ√åµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’√–∫∫°“√ ¥”‡π‘π°“√ àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈·∫∫Õ—µ‚π¡—µ·‘ ≈–°÷ßË Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ‡«Á∫‰´¥å ·≈–‡«Á∫·Õææ√‘‡§™—Ëπµà“ß Ê
°“√µ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¥â«¬°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√𔇠πÕ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ (Arzberger, 2004) πÕ°®“°„™â‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ß Õ“°“»·≈â« ¬—ß„™âµ√«®«—¥æ“√“¡‘‡µÕ√åÕ◊ËπÊ „π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫™π‘¥¢Õ߇´Áπ‡´Õ√å ·≈– ‡¡◊ËÕ𔇧√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å‡À≈à“π’È¡“√«¡°—π®– ‡ªìπ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¢π“¥„À≠à ¥—ßπ’È ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å¢π“¥„À≠à (Large Scale Single Function Networks) ‡ªìπ‡§√◊Õ ¢à “ ¬‡´Á π ‡´Õ√å ¢ 𓥄À≠à ‡ ™◊Ë Õ ¡µà Õ °— π √–¥— ∫ ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§¢Õß‚≈° µâÕß„™â‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åÀ≈“¬µ—«‡æ◊ËÕ «—¥µ—«·ª√À≈“¬µ—« µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ·Ààß™“µ‘øî≈‘ªªîπ å·≈– ∂“∫—π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈– ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‰¥â√à«¡‡ªìπ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å°—∫ ∫√‘…—∑‡∑‡≈°√“ø𑪪Õπ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ ‚¥¬ ¡’ ∂“π’√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å∑’Ëøî≈‘ªªîπ å ·≈– à ß ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ µà Õ ‰ª∑’Ë ∂“π’ ∑’Ë ≠’Ë ªÿÉ π ‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑”°“√ «‘‡§√“–Àå·≈– àß√“¬ß“πº≈°≈—∫¡“∑’øË ≈î ª‘ ªîπ å ®ÿ¥ ª√– ß§å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ »÷ ° …“·≈–æ— ≤ π“√–∫∫°“√¢π à ß ·≈–§«∫§ÿ ¡ ¡≈æ‘ … ∑“ßÕ“°“»„Àâ · °à ª √–‡∑» øî≈‘ªªîπ å ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ (Localised Multifunction Sensor Networks) ‡§√◊ Õ ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åπª’È √–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚Àπ¥®”π«π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ „™âµ√«® Õ∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑—«Ë ‰ª ‡™àπ Õÿµπÿ ¬‘ ¡«‘∑¬“ °“√µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”„π·¡àπÈ”µà“ßÊ §ÿ≥¿“æ Õ“°“»¿“¬„πÕ“§“√ ¡’ π— ° «‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ‰ ¥â ∑”°“√»÷°…“¿Ÿ‡¢“‰ø ‚¥¬∑¥≈Õß„™â‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å µ‘¥µ—ßÈ ∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“‰ø √–¬–Àà“ß®“° ∂“π’√∫— —≠≠“≥ 9 °¡. àß —≠≠“≥ºà“πÕÿª°√≥å ◊ËÕ “√·∫∫‰√â “¬¡“∑’Ë ∂“π’√—∫ —≠≠“≥ ‡ªìπ —≠≠“≥‡ ’¬ß §≈◊ËπµË” æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‰¥âµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß °—π∂÷ß 54 ™¡. ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å∑“ß™’«¿“æ (Biosensor Networks) ‡ªìπ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™«’ ¿“æ ‡√’¬°
«à“ ‰∫‚Õ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å (Biosensor) ∑’˺≈‘µ®“°«— ¥ÿ ™’«¿“æ√à«¡°—∫∑√“𠥑«‡´Õ√å °“√𔉪„™âß“π π—ÈπµâÕßµ‘¥µ—Èß„π‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õµ√«®«—¥·∫∫æ°æ“ „™â µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“», ∑¥ Õ∫§à“ BOD ¢Õß πÈ” (Biochemical oxygen demand), ·≈–§à“ §«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ߢÕߥ‘π‰¥â ¢âÕ¥’¢Õß°“√„™â«‘∏’ π’È §◊Õ ‚¥¬ª°µ‘·≈⫉¡à “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–µ√«®«—¥ “√ °àÕ¡≈æ‘…∫“ß™π‘¥„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ëπ—Èπ‰¥â (in situ) ·µà µâÕ߇°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ßπ—Èπ‰ª∑¥ Õ∫„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ‡¡◊ËÕÀ—π¡“„™â‰∫‚Õ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµ√«® Õ∫°Á®–™à«¬ µ√«®«—¥„π¢—Èπ·√° ·≈– àß —≠≠“≥ºà“π√–∫∫ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√·∫∫‰√â “¬‰¥â »Ÿ π ¬å √ «¡¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬‡´Á π ‡´Õ√å (Heterogeneous Sensor Network) ‡ªì π »Ÿπ¬å√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬Õ◊ËπÊ ∑”Àπâ“∑’˵√«® Õ∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Àπ૬ߓπ ∑’Ë„™â‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬π’È §◊Õ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬µ‘¥µ“¡¿“«–‚≈° √âÕπ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… (UK Climate Change Network) ´÷Ë ß ‡ΩÑ “ µ‘ ¥ µ“¡ µ√«® Õ∫ ¿“æ ·«¥≈â Õ ¡¢Õß‚≈°®“°‡§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬Õ◊Ë π Ê ‚¥¬√— ∫ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° 4 ∂“π’À≈—°Ê §◊Õ ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥ ¿“æÕ“°“» ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æ·¡àπÈ” ∂“π’ µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» ∂“π’‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß·ºàπ¥‘π ‰À« ∑’Ë√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¡“®“°‚Àπ¥∑’˵‘¥µ—Èßµ“¡ ∂“π∑’Ë µà“ßÊ (Jane and Martinez, 2006)
°“√„™â°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘… ∑“ßÕ“°“»·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ªï 2005 ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·Ààß™“µ‘øî≈‘ªªîπ å ·≈– ∂“∫—π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ·≈– Õß§å ° √Õ◊Ë π Ê ‰¥â √à « ¡¡◊ Õ °— ∫ ∫√‘ …— ∑ ‡∑‡≈°√“ø 𑪪Õπª√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» ¿“æ∫√√¬“°“» ·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√¢π àß∑“ß∫°„π°√ÿß¡–π‘≈“
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∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬π’È¡’ ‡´‘√åø‡«Õ√å PH-SV (Philippine Server) µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’˪√–‡∑»øî≈‘ªªîπ å ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ·≈– àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ºà“πÕ‘π‡µÕ√å
‡πÁµ„À⇴‘√åø‡«Õ√å JP-SV (Japan Server) ´÷Ëß µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’˪√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 System Diagram (ALL)
Õÿª°√≥å¢Õ߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬π’Ȫ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å‰π‚µ√‡®π‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å, ‡´Áπ ‡´Õ√åµ√«®Õπÿ¿“§ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß ·≈–‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµ√«® «—¥ ¿“æÕ“°“» ‡§√◊ÕË ß§«∫§ÿ¡‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ”À√—∫§«∫§ÿ¡ °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇´Á π ‡´Õ√å ·≈–µ√«® Õ∫°“√ ∑”ß“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥å ‚¡‡¥Á¡ GSM/GPRS ‡ªìπÕ‘π‡µÕ√å‡πÁµ ‰√â “¬ ¿“¬„π‚¡‡¥Á¡¡’™∫‘ ‚ª√‚µ§Õ≈ TCP/IP ∑” Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫ àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°‡§√◊ËÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡„Àâ PH-SV ‡«Á∫·Õææ≈‘‡§™—Ëπ „™â√–∫∫ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ ≈’πÿ° å ‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈≈ß∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ MySQL ·≈– √â“߇«Á∫‡æ®¥â«¬ PHP °“√∑¥≈ÕߢÕ߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬π’ȇ√‘Ë¡®“° π” ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√剪µ‘¥µ—Èß∫πÕ“§“√·≈–√‘¡∂ππ∑’Ë¡’°“√ ®√“®√·ÕÕ—¥·≈–¡’‡§√◊ËÕß GPRS ∫Õ°µ”·Àπàß æ√â Õ ¡°— ∫ °≈â Õ ß«ß®√ªî ¥ §Õ¬µ√«®«— ¥ ª√‘ ¡ “≥ 36
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√∂¬πµå ·≈–§«“¡‡√Á« ‡¡◊ËÕ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµ√«®®—∫‡ªÑ“ À¡“¬‰¥â°Á®– àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‰ª∑’˵—«§«∫§ÿ¡‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å ‡æ◊ËÕ àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈µàÕ‰ª∑’ˇ´‘√åø‡«Õ√å PH-SV ‚¥¬„™â °“√ ◊ËÕ “√·∫∫‰√â “¬ ®“°π—Èπ àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈µàÕ‰ª∑’Ë JP-SV ‡æ◊ËÕ‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈≈ß∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ª√–¡«≈º≈ «‘‡§√“–Àåº≈ ·≈–· ¥ßº≈ºà“π‡«Á∫‡æ® ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ “¡“√∂· ¥ß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡ ‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߉π‚µ√‡®π‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å Õπÿ¿“§ΩÿÉπ ¿“æÕ“°“» (Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡™◊πÈ —¡æ—∑∏å ∑‘»∑“ß ≈¡ §«“¡‡√Á«≈¡) ∑—Èß·∫∫®ÿ¥·≈–·∫∫æ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â„π √Ÿª¢Õß°√“ø ·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ºà“π‡«Á∫‰´¥å‰¥â ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂‡≈◊Õ°¥Ÿ‰¥â∑ß—È ·∫∫√“¬™—«Ë ‚¡ß √“¬«—π À√◊Õ √“¬ —ª¥“Àå (APT HRD Programme for Exchange of ICT Researchers/Engineers through Collaborative Research, 2006) ºŸâ‡¢’¬π ‰¥â∑”«‘®—¬¥â“π°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å‡πÁµ ‡«‘ √å § Õ¬à “ ßßà “ ¬ √–∫∫ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß
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§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å, ‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å«¥— Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡™◊πÈ ·≈– ®ÿ¥À¬¥πÈ”§â“ß √ÿàπ SHT15 ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õµ√«® «—¥°ä“´§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å (CO) ·∫∫æ°æ“ √ÿàπ CO 210 carbon monoxide probe ∑’ˉ¥â √—∫°“√ª√—∫‡∑’¬∫¡“µ√∞“π¡“·≈â« ¡“‡™◊ËÕ¡√«¡
‡¢â“°—∫ Web server board (∫Õ√å¥) ∑’Ë¡’‰¡‚§√ §Õπ‚∑√‡≈Õ√å ∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë § «∫§ÿ ¡ ‡´Á π ‡´Õ√å µ “¡ ‚ª√·°√¡§” —Ëß∑’ˇ¢’¬π¢÷Èπ¥â«¬¿“…“´’ ·≈–¡’ Õ’ ‡ ∑Õ√å ‡ πÁ µ ™‘ ª ∑”Àπâ “ ∑’Ë Õ‘ 𠇵Õ√å ‡ ø ∫Õ√å ¥ ‡¢â “ √–∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ LAN °“√∑”ß“π¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 5
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‡¡◊ËÕÀ—««—¥µ√«®®—∫°ä“´ CO ‰¥â°Á®– àß ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‰ª„Àâ ‰ ¡‚§√§Õπ‚∑√‡≈Õ√å ª √–¡«≈º≈ «‘‡§√“–Àå¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈ ·≈– àߺ≈°“√«‘‡§√“–À库à π USB Port ‰ª· ¥ßº≈∫π‡«Á∫‡æ®‡ªìπ§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ¢Õß°ä“´ CO, Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈–§«“¡™◊πÈ —¡æ—∑∏å ®“° π—Èπ‚ª√·°√¡ Web Downloader ( √â“ß®“° Assembly) ®–¥÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°ÀπⓇ«Á∫π’È¡“‡°Á∫≈ß ∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ MySQL ∑ÿ° 2 π“∑’ (ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π ‡«≈“‰¥â) ·≈– √â“߇«Á∫∫√“«‡´Õ√å¥â«¬ PHP „Àâ ºŸâ„™â‡√’¬°¥Ÿ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ“¡«—𠇫≈“ ∑’˵âÕß°“√‰¥â º≈ °“√∑¥≈Õßµ√«®«—¥°ä“´ CO ®“°§«—π∏Ÿª∑’Ë«—¥ ªÉ“„À≠à ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂
µ√«®«— ¥ ª√‘ ¡ “≥°ä “ ´ CO, Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ ·≈– §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å · ¥ßº≈„π√Ÿª¢Õß°√“ø ·≈– µ“√“ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ Excel ‰¥âµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“∑’Ë≈Õ°Õ‘π (log in) ‡¢â“ Ÿ√à –∫∫ ¡’§“à §«“¡·µ°µà“ß®“°°“√«—¥°ä“´ CO ± 5 ppm √–∫∫π’È¡’√“§“ª√–¡“≥ 12,000 ∫“∑ (‰¡à√«¡§à“§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å) À“°‡ª≈’ˬπÀ—« «—¥°ä“´®“°·∫∫æ°æ“‡ªìπ°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√å √“§“ ®–≈¥≈ß°«à“π’È¡“° ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡°ä“´‡´Áπ‡´Õ√åµà“ß ™ π‘ ¥ °— π °Á ® – ‡ ªì π ‡ § √◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬ ‡ ´Á π ‡ ´ Õ √å ∑’Ë ¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡À¡“– ”À√—∫„™âµ√«®«—¥¡≈æ‘… ∑“ßÕ“°“»·≈– ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑—«Ë ‰ª (®—°√“æ‘™≠å Õ—µ‚π, 2552)
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH July - September 2010
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∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1.°≈Õ¬„® °“ß°√≥å . °“√«— ¥ ª√‘ ¡ “≥°ä “ ´§“√å ∫ Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å ∫ π∑â Õ ß∂ππ‚¥¬„™â ‡ §√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬µ√«®«— ¥ ·∫∫‰√â “¬.«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å«»‘ «°√√¡»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“æ√–π§√‡Àπ◊Õ ; 2551 Àπâ“ 11-15 2.®—°√“æ‘™≠å Õ—µ‚π. √–∫∫°“√µ√«®«—¥°ä“´§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å·∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ; 2552 Àπâ“ 50 - 53 3.«π‘¥“ ®’π»“ µ√å. ¡≈æ‘…Õ“°“»·≈–°“√®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“». ”π—°æ‘¡æå®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬.°√ÿ߇∑æ œ ; 2551 4.»‘√‘°—≈¬“ ÿ«®‘µµ“ππ∑å. ¡≈¿“«–Õ“°“». ”π—°æ‘¡æå¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å. °√ÿ߇∑æ œ ; 2549 5.Arzberger, P., J. Bonner, D. Fries. Sensors for Environmental Observatories. Report of the NSFSponsored Workshop. University of California at San Diego. Printed in the United States of America ; 2004. p. 25-29 6.APT HRD Programme for Exchange of ICT Researchers/Engineers through Collaborative Research. çDevelopment of Real-Time Sensing Network and Simulation on Air Pollution and Transporté. University of the Philippines National Center & International Office, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone East Corporation). April 12 ; 2006. p. 15-30 7.Christopher, M. A. Brent. Electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring. Strategy and examples. Departamento de Qu Ìmica. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 73. No. 12 ; 2001. p. 1969 - 1977 8.E2V Technologies (UK) Limited. Introduction to Electrochemical (EC) Gas Sensors. Waterhouse Lane. Chelmsford. United Kingdom. EC_Sensors_Intro. Issue 1. February ; 2007 p. 1-2 9.Jane, K.H., and K. Martinez. Environmental Sensor Networks: A revolution in the earth system science?. School of Geography. University of Southampton. UK. Earth-Science Reviews ; 2006. 78: 177-191 10.Wagiran, R., S. L. Loh, I. Ahmad and A.B. Salleh. Development of portable sensor array system for the air quality measurement. Institute of Bioscience. Universiti Putra Malaysia. Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol. 1, No. 1 ; 2004:13 - 19 HEALTH
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