惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑:°√≥’»÷°…“„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëßœ
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √
惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ : °√≥’»÷°…“„π À¡Ÿà∫â“π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ‡®√‘≠™—¬ §”·Ωß π—°«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢™”π“≠°“√ ‚√ß欓∫“≈°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ®’√–π—π∑å §”·Ωß ‡®â“æπ—°ß“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢™”π“≠°“√ ”π—°ß“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ °“√«‘®¬— §ÿ≥¿“æ§√—ßÈ π’¡È «’ µ— ∂ÿª√– ߧå‡æ◊ÕË »÷°…“惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊¡Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸÀâ ≠‘ß™π∫∑ „π°≈ÿࡺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑∑’Ë∫â“π»√’ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å µ”∫≈ÀπÕß∑—ππÈ” Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ®”π«π 29 √“¬ »÷°…“√–À«à“߇¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡ 2550 ∂÷ß¡’π“§¡ 2552 ‡°Á∫√«¡√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬°“√ —¡¿“…≥凙‘ß≈÷°·≈– °“√ π∑π“°≈ÿà¡ ‡≈◊Õ°°≈ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫‡®“–®ß «‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„™âÀ≈—°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ º≈°“√«‘®—¬æ∫«à“ 惵‘°√√¡°àÕπ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ‰¥â·°à °“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√¥◊Ë¡®–æ‘∂’æ‘∂—π„πß“π‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à ‚¥¬°àÕπ Àπâ“π—Èπ®–𗥇æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π„°≈⇧’¬ß¡“ ¡’°“√ªŸ‡ ◊ËÕ∑’Ë·§√à‰¡â‰ºà ®—¥À“·°â«πÈ” ¢—ππÈ” ∂⫬ ®“π ™âÕπ âÕ¡ ¡’ °“√‡µ√’¬¡°—∫·°≈⡉«â °—∫·°≈â¡¡’ ¬à“߇π◊ÈÕ Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑¬” ‡º“ª≈“ ·ª–´–ª≈“™àÕπ µâ¡ª≈“ °âÕ¬ÀÕ¬ °âÕ¬ª≈“ ¬à“߉°à π÷ßË ‰°à µâ¡‰°à∫“â 𠇧√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∑™’Ë π◊Ë ™Õ∫§◊Õ‡∫’¬√å 惵‘°√√¡¢≥–¥◊¡Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ‰¥â·°à °“√¥◊Ë¡‡À≈â“∂â“§π¡“°°Á¡’À≈“¬·°â« ∂ⓧπ‰¡à¡“°°Á¥◊Ë¡·°â«‡¥’¬«‚¥¬√‘π‡«’¬π„Àâ∑ÿ°§π «‘∏’¥◊Ë¡‡À≈â“¢“« ∑”‚¥¬¥◊Ë¡‡À≈â“¢“«·≈â«¥◊Ë¡πÈ”µ“¡∑ÿ°§√—Èß ¡’°“√ π∑π“‡√◊ËÕß §«“¡ πÿ° π“π °“√·Àà°≈Õ߬“« °“√ª√–°Õ∫ Õ“™’æ °“√øÑÕπ√”·≈–ß“π∫ÿ≠ ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë√à«¡ π∑𓇪ìπºŸâÀ≠‘ß«—¬‡¥’¬«°—π ∂ⓇªìπºŸâ™“¬®–‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ π‘∑ π¡¡’§«“¡‰«â«“ß„®°—π ‰¡àπ°— ‡≈ß ¢≥–¥◊¡Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å®–¡’°“√µ∫¡◊Õ √âÕ߇æ≈ߧ“√“‚Õ‡°– øÑÕπ √” 惵‘°√√¡À≈—ߥ◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ‰¥â·°à ‡¡◊ËÕ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å®– “¡“√∂‰ª∑”ß“πµàÕ‰¥â ¡’ °“√‰ª∂Õπ°≈ⓢ⓫ ¥”π“ °“√√—°…“欓∫“≈‡¡◊ËÕ¡’Õ“°“√‡¡“∑”‚¥¬ µâ¡πÈ”√âÕπÕ“∫ ¥◊Ë¡πÈ”√âÕπ ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÕ’°Àπ÷Ëß∂÷ß Õ߇ªÖ° Õ¡·≈–‡§’Ȭ«‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπß‘È« °‘πºß™Ÿ√ ∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬πÕÕ°¡“·≈â« πÕπæ—°ºàÕπ Õ“°“√¢≥–‡¡“Õ¬à“ßÀπ—°§◊Õ ßà«ßπÕπ Õ“‡®’¬π «‘߇«’¬π ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ µ“≈“¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ§«√ª√—∫ ‡ª≈’ˬπ§à“π‘¬¡„À¡à„π°“√‰¡à¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å §«√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ°≈ÿà¡∑“ß —ߧ¡‡ªìπµâπ·∫∫∑’Ë¥’„π°“√‡≈‘° ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–§«√ √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„π°“√§∫‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π∑’Ë¥’ §” ”§—≠ : 惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å,ºŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2010
73
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √
Alcohol Drinking Behavior of Rural Women in a case of a village of Kut Khaopun district Ubon Ratchathani Province Charoenchai Kumphag Public Health Officer, Professional level Kutkhaopun Hospital, Ubonratchathani Jeeranan Khamphag Public Health Officer, Professional level Kutkhaopun Ubonratchathani
Abstract The objective of this research were to study Alcohol Drinking Behavior of rural women group at Ban Srisomboon, Nong Thun Nam Sub-District, Kut khaopun District, Ubon Ratchathani in amount of 29 persons. The time period was during July 2007- March 2009. The data collection was the depth interview and focus group. The purposive sampling was selected for analyzing the data via content analysis method. From the research, it found that alcohol drinking behavior were found as the following: the preparation of drinking was carefully in New year festival, the neighbors were made an appointment in advance, laying the mat for sitting on the bamboo litter, preparing glasses, bowls, cups, spoon and fork, preparing food eaten with alcoholic drinks such as meat grill, salad, grilled fish, Pae Sa Pla Chon (hot and sour curry with fish), boiled fish, Koy Hoy (hot and spicy shell salad), Koy Pla (hot and spicy fish salad), grilled chicken, boiled chicken. The favorite drinking was beer. Alcohol drinking behavior was included the other factors as the following: if there were so many persons to join drinking, there were also a lot of drinking glass. If there were few persons to join drinking, the drinking glass would be circulated around everyone. Water must be drunk after drinking the rice whisky in every time, the conversation were likely to talk about the funny story, long drum parade, career, Thai dance and religious ceremony. The majority of people in conversation group were women in near age. However, as for men, most of them were familiar with and trusted one another and. During time of drinking, they clap their hand also and sang Karaoke, performed Thai dancing. For post alcohol drinking behavior were found that When drinking alcohol, they could continue to work, they could withdraw rice sprouts, transplant rice seedlings. The cure of drunk person was taking a bath with boil water, drinking warm water, drinking alcohol again one or two cups, sucked or chewed the bark of Kapok Tree, taking the monosodium glutamate into the body, making themselves to vomit and went to sleep. The symptom of heavy being drunk were that be sleepy, be vomited, be tired and be dizzy. Thus it should nurture the value of non alcohol drinking, it should promote the social group to become the good model relating non-alcohol drinking and build up the good consciousness to make the relationship with the good neighbor. Keywords: Alcohol drinking behavior, Rural woman.
74
µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑:°√≥’»÷°…“„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëßœ
∫∑π” °“√¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ∑”„À⇰‘¥‚√§µà“ßÊ ‰¥â¡“°°«à“ 70 ‚√§ πÕ°®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å®– àߺ≈µàÕ‡©æ“–µàÕ∫ÿ§§≈·≈â« ¬—߇ªìπ‡Àµÿ∑’Ë𔉪 Ÿà ªí≠À“ —ߧ¡∑’Ë ”§—≠µà“ßÊ Õ’°¡“°¡“¬ ∑—ÈßµàÕ §√Õ∫§√—« µàÕ‡æ◊ËÕπ√à«¡ß“πÀ√◊ÕµàÕ∫ÿ§§≈Õ◊Ëπ„π —ߧ¡‰¥â ‡™àπ °“√‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿµà“ßÊ °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ °“√„™â§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß„π§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–°“√∑”√⓬ √à“ß°“¬ ‡ªìπµâπ 1 ®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õßæ‘¡æå¿“ ‡µ™–°¡≈ ÿ¢ æ∫«à“ „πªï æ.». 2550 ¡’ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫ √ÿ π ·√ߥ◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °à Õ π°“√¢— ∫ ¢’Ë ¬«¥¬“π√âÕ¬≈– 59.6 ·≈–„πªï æ.». 2551 ¡’ºŸâ ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ߥ◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å°àÕπ°“√ ¢—∫¢’ˬ«¥¬“π√âÕ¬≈– 57.42 ®“°√“¬ß“πº≈°“√ ”√«®Õπ“¡—¬·≈– «— ¥‘°“√¢Õß ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘ ·Ààß™“µ‘ªï æ.» 2546 æ∫«à“ §π‰∑¬∫√‘‚¿§ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åπ∫— ‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫ 5 ¢Õß‚≈° ª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ 11 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å®”π«π∂÷ß 18.61 ≈â“π §π(√âÕ¬≈– 35.5 ¢Õߪ√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ 15 ªï¢—Èπ‰ª) à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬(√âÕ¬≈– 60.8)‡æ»À≠‘ß 3.95 ≈â“π§πÀ√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 14.5 ¢Õ߇æ»À≠‘ß3 ®“°°“√ ”√«® ¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æÕπ“¡—¬¢Õߪ√–™“™π‰∑¬ ‚¥¬°“√µ√«®√à“ß°“¬ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 3 ªï æ.» 2546-2547 æ∫«à “ ºŸâ À ≠‘ ß Õ“¬ÿ 15-29 ªï ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å„π√–¥—∫¥◊Ë¡Õ¬à“ßÕ—πµ√“¬ √Õß≈ß¡“ ‰¥â·°à«—¬∑”ß“πÕ“¬ÿ 30-59 ªï ·≈–°≈ÿࡺŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ”À√— ∫ ª√‘ ¡ “≥°“√¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ ÕߺŸâ À ≠‘ ß ∫√‘‚¿§ª√‘¡“≥ 5-8 °√—¡µàÕ«—π 3 º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß ºŸâ À ≠‘ ß ∑’Ë ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ® –‡æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡ ‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‡ªìπ¡–‡√Á߇µâ“π¡·≈–¡–‡√Áߪ“°¡¥≈Ÿ° ”À√— ∫ À≠‘ ß ¡’ § √√¿å Õ “®¡’ º ≈µà Õ ∑“√°„π§√√¿å À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ∑”„Àâ§≈Õ¥°àÕπ°”Àπ¥ πÈ”Àπ—°·√° §≈Õ¥µË”°«à“ª°µ‘ Õ“®‡°‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘·µà°”‡π‘¥
·≈–Õ“®‡°‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘À≈—ߧ≈Õ¥„À¡àÊ ∑“√° „π§√√¿å®–æ‘°“√µ“¡Õ«—¬«–µà“ßÊ ∑“√°∑’ˇ°‘¥¡“ ®–‡ªì π ‚√§ªí ≠ ≠“Õà Õ π »’ √ …–‡≈Á ° ¡Õ߇≈Á ° ‡™◊ËÕߙⓠ‡√’¬°«à“°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√ øïµ—≈·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å (FATAL ALCOLHOL SYNDROME)4 ”À√— ∫ Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ ¥ ¢â “ «ªÿÑ π ®— ß À«— ¥ Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ¡’®”π«π 5 µ”∫≈ 75 À¡Ÿà∫â“π ¡’ ª√–™“°√ 40,059 §π ‡æ»™“¬ 19,743 §π·≈– ‡æ»À≠‘ß 20,316 §π ºŸâÀ≠‘ßπÕ°‡¢µ‡∑»∫“≈¡’ §«“¡™ÿ°¢Õß°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¡“°°«à“ ºŸâÀ≠‘ß„π‡¢µ‡∑»∫“≈ ¿“æªí≠À“®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å„πºŸâÀ≠‘ßÕ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ‰¥â·°à ¡’°“√∫√‘‚¿§·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÕ¬Ÿà„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬§◊Õ¡“°°«à“ 40 °√—¡¢÷Èπ‰ªµàÕ«—π§àÕπ ¢â“ß¡“° ¡’°“√¥◊Ë¡Õ¬à“ßÀπ—°„π§√—È߇¥’¬«§àÕπ¢â“ß ¡“° §◊Õª√–¡“≥ 7 §√—ÈßµàÕªï ·≈–¡’§«“¡™ÿ°¢Õß °“√¥◊Ë¡Õ¬à“ßÀπ—°§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“° °“√·°â‰¢À√◊Õ°“√ ªÑÕß°—πªí≠À“°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åπ—∫«à“ ‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ∑’˧«√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ«‘®—¬®÷ß π„®∑’Ë ® –»÷ ° …“惵‘ ° √√¡°“√¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ ÕߺŸâ À ≠‘ ß „π‡¢µ™π∫∑„πÕ”‡¿Õ °ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ßµà“ßÊ ·≈–π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ¡“«“ß·ºπ·°â‰¢·≈–ªÑÕß°—πªí≠À“°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åµàÕ‰ª
«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧ尓√»÷°…“ 1. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“惵‘°√√¡°àÕπ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ 2. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“惵‘°√√¡¢≥–¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ 3. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“惵‘°√√¡À≈—ߥ◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2010
75
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ °“√»÷°…“π’È„™â«‘∏’°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ߧÿ≥¿“æ §—¥ ‡≈◊Õ°ºŸâ„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈À≈—°«‘∏’‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß‚¥¬°”Àπ¥ ‡°≥±å§◊Õ ‡ªìπºŸâÀ≠‘ß∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ 15-70 ªï∑’ˬ—ߥ◊Ë¡ ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¡’ µ‘ ¡— ª™—≠≠–ª°µ‘ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ¬‘π¥’‡¢â“√à«¡°—∫°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È æŸ¥§ÿ¬ ◊ËÕ “√‰¥â ¡’¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ™π∫∑ ”À√—∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„π°“√ »÷°…“§√—ßÈ π’§È Õ◊ À¡Ÿ∫à “â π·ÀàßÀπ÷ßË „πÕ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿπÑ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ºŸâ«‘®—¬‡¢â“∂÷ߺŸâ„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈À≈—° ‚¥¬°“√™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ª√– “πß“π®“°‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢ ª√–®”»Ÿ π ¬å ÿ ¢ ¿“æ™ÿ ¡ ™π„πæ◊È π ∑’Ë Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ∑—Èßπ’È°àÕ𥔇π‘π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ºŸâ «‘ ®— ¬ ‰¥â ™’È · ®ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥¢Õß°“√«‘ ®— ¬ ·≈– Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡ ¡—§√„®¢ÕߺŸâ„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈À≈—°∑ÿ°√“¬ ‡°Á ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ √–À«à “ ߇¥◊ Õ π°√°Æ“§¡ 2550 ∂÷ ß ¡’π“§¡ 2552 °“√‡°Á ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ °√–∑”‚¥¬„™â «‘ ∏’ ° “√ —¡¿“…≥å·∫∫‡™‘ß≈÷°(in-depth interview)√à«¡ °—∫°“√∫—π∑÷°‡∑ª ‚¥¬„™â·π«∑“ß°“√ —¡¿“…≥å ‡™‘ ß ≈÷ ° ‡æ◊Ë Õ À“惵‘ ° √√¡°“√¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ ‰¥â∑”°“√ —¡¿“…≥å ºŸâ„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈À≈—°√«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ 21 §π ∑—Èßπ’È®”π«π¥—ß °≈à “ «‡°‘ ¥ °“√‡°Á ∫ √«∫√«¡¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ®πÕ‘Ë ¡ µ— « ´÷Ë ß æ‘®“√≥“¢âÕ§«“¡∑’Ë´È”Ê °—π¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈À√◊Õ‰¡à¡’ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„À¡à‡æ‘Ë¡®“°‡¥‘¡ („™â‡«≈“„π°“√ —¡¿“…≥å 1.30-2.15 ™—Ë«‚¡ß) ”À√—∫°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√ π∑π“°≈ÿà¡(focus group discussion)‚¥¬¡’ ·π«§”∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ ÕߺŸâ À ≠‘ ß ™π∫∑ ‡πâ 𠧫“¡‡ªì π °—π‡Õß„π«ß π∑π“ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡®“° ºŸâ‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ºŸâ„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈À≈—°¡’ ®”π«π 29 §π‰¥â∑”°“√ π∑π“°≈ÿ¡à ®”π«π 3 §√—ßÈ „™â‡«≈“§√—Èß≈– 1.30-2.30 ™—Ë«‚¡ß °“√ π∑π“ °≈ÿà¡®–∫—π∑÷°‡ ’¬ß≈ß„π‡∑ªµ—Èß·µà‡√‘Ë¡®π ‘Èπ ÿ¥ 76
µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
°“√ π∑π“ ·≈–∂Õ¥‡∑ª‡π◊ÕÈ À“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈™π‘¥§”µàÕ§” «‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â«¬‚ª√·°√¡ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª‡æ◊Ëՙ૬„π °“√®—¥√–‡∫’¬∫·≈–®”·π°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡ ‡™◊Ë Õ ∂◊ Õ ¢Õߢâ Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ „™â ° “√µ√«® Õ∫¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ “¡ ‡ â“(Triangulation Data)5 «‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡™‘ß ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“(content analysis) ∑”‚¥¬°“√Õà“π·≈– ∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®¢âÕ§«“¡ ∂âÕ¬§”µà“ßÊ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë ª√“°Ø„π∫—π∑÷° ¡’°“√®—∫ª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠µ—È߇ªìπ ¥√√™π’ ·≈â«®—¥√–∫∫„Àâ√À— ¡’°“√®—¥À¡«¥À¡Ÿà ¢Õߥ√√™π’ ®”·π°ª√–‡¿∑ µ’§«“¡¢âÕ§«“¡ µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡À¡“¬ √â“ߢâÕ √ÿª®“°¥√√™π’ À¡«¥ À¡Ÿà·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
º≈°“√»÷°…“ ¥â“π§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–∑“ߪ√–™“°√ à«π„À≠à ∂“π¿“æ ¡√ §Ÿà √âÕ¬≈– 85.7 Õ“¬ÿ à«π„À≠àÕ¬Ÿà „π™à«ß 51-60 ªï√âÕ¬≈– 25.6 à«π„À≠à¡’Õ“™’æ ‡°…µ√°√√¡√âÕ¬≈– 61.9 ¡’≈—°…≥–§√Õ∫§√—« ‡¥’ˬ«√âÕ¬≈– 71.4 à«π„À≠à¡’ ¡“™‘°§√Õ∫§√—« ®”π«π 2 §π√âÕ¬≈– 66.7 à«π„À≠à¡’ ∂“π¿“æ ‡ªìπ¿√√¬“√âÕ¬≈– 66.7 ·≈– ∂“π¿“æ∑“ß —ߧ¡ à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√°Õß∑ÿπ„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π√âÕ¬≈– 42.9 惵‘°√√¡°àÕπ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ - “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ºŸâÀ≠‘ߥ◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å‡π◊ËÕß¡“ ®“° ºŸâÀ≠‘ß®–‰ª™à«¬ß“π‡∑»°“≈µà“ßÊ„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“𠇙àπ ß“πªï„À¡à ß“π¢÷Èπ∫â“π„À¡à ß“π·µàßß“π ß“π ‡≈’È¬ß ß“π≈Ÿ°À≈“π°≈—∫¡“®“°∑”ß“πµà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥ ‡ªì π µâ π ´÷Ë ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰ª™à « ¬ß“πµâ Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ¥◊Ë¡ ‡æ◊ËÕπ ∫â“π™—°™«π„À⥡◊Ë ¥◊¡Ë ‡æ◊ÕË §≈“¬§«“¡‡§√’¬¥ √–∫“¬ Õ“√¡≥å „Àâ¡’§«“¡ πÿ° π“π ∑”„ÀâÕ“√¡≥奒 ‡æ◊ËÕ
惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑:°√≥’»÷°…“„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëßœ
„Àâ°≈â“· ¥ßÕÕ°„π°“√√âÕß√”∑”‡æ≈ß ‰¥âæ∫ª– —ß √√§å°∫— ‡æ◊ÕË πΩŸß °—∫≈Ÿ°°—∫À≈“π ‡æ◊ÕË ‡¢â“ —ߧ¡ ∑”„À⇮√‘≠Õ“À“√ ¥◊Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“Õ“°“√‡®Á∫ª«¥ µ“¡√à“ß°“¬ ¥◊¡Ë ‡æ◊ÕË ·°â√“à ß°“¬ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ ‡¡◊ÕË ¬≈â“ ‡æ◊ËÕπ¢Ÿà∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ¥◊Ë¡∂Ⓣ¡à¥◊Ë¡°Á®–ª√—∫‰À¡ ·≈– “¡’∫àπ ¥—ß°≈à“««à“ ç°‘π·°â√–∫“¬Õ“√¡≥å °‘π ‡æ◊ËÕ¡«π´◊π πÿ°‡«â“ °‘π‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ ´Õ¬°“√´Õ¬ ß“πÀ¡Ÿ°à √Á π‘ ¡“ °‘πæÕ°‘π‡¢â“·´∫ ∂â“∫à‡ªì°°Á∫·à ´∫ πÿ° π“π ∂Ⓡªìπ°“√‡ªìπß“π°ÁøÑÕπ°≈Õ߬“«é (B2 À Õ“¬ÿ 31 ªï) - ·À≈àßÀ“´◊ÈÕ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·À≈à ß ¢“¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ‰ π ™ÿ¡™π‰¥â·°à √â“π¢“¬¢Õß™”·≈–√â“π°Õß∑ÿπ à«π „À≠à®–‰ª´◊ÈÕ∑’Ë√â“π™”„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π‡π◊ËÕß®“° ‡®â“¢Õß √â“π™”°Á¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¥â«¬°—π ¢“¬‰¡à ·æß √â“π™”¡’°“√‡ªî¥√â“πÕ¬Ÿàª√–®” ·¡â°√–∑—Ëß ‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π‰ª‡√’¬°´◊ÈÕ°Áµ◊Ëπ¡“¢“¬„À≥⠷≈–¡’ §«“¡ π‘∑ π¡°—π¬Õ¡„Àâ§â“ß™”√–‰¥â πÕ°®“°π’È √â “ π¢“¬¢Õß™”Àà “ ß®“°∫â “ π∑’Ë ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åª√–¡“≥ 500 ‡¡µ√ ¥—ß°≈à“««à“ ç§π ¢“¬°Á§Õ‡À≈â“ ‡¢“‡ªî¥√â“πª√–®” À≈—߇∑’¬‡º‘ËπŒŸâ ®—°¬“¡°≈“ߧ◊π°Á¢“¬„Àâ ∂Ⓡº‘Ëπ∫àŒŸâ§π‡æ‘Ëπ°Á∫à ¢“¬„Àâ π“ßÕâ«π‡´πµå°Á‰¥â §π ªÕ√åµ ‡√“‡«â“ßà“¬ ∫à¡’‡ß‘π°Á‰¥â °Á¢“¬πâÕ¬°«à“ ∫à‡Õ“°”‰√‡°‘𠧑¥·µà «à“‡´πµåµ—Èß·µà ’¢â“« ‡¥’ά«π’È∫à∑—π®à“¬°Á¡’ ∂Ⓣº∫à „Àâ°Á®–‡´πµå‰¥â∑’‡¥’¬« °Á§◊Õ∫à‰¥â¢Õ߬“¬Õâ«π ·¡àπ °≈â“¡“¬â“¬Õâ«π°Á∫à„Àâ ‡æ√“–«à“∫à®à“¬‡ß‘ππ“ßÕâ«π π“ßÕâ«π¢“¥∑ÿ𵓬 ∫à¡’‡ß‘π´◊ÈÕ‡À≈â“„Àâ°‘πé ( π∑π“°≈ÿà¡ C10 ° Õ“¬ÿ 49 ªï) - ° “ √ ‡ µ √’ ¬ ¡ ° “ √ ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡ § √◊Ë Õ ß ¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√¥◊Ë¡π—Èπ à«π¡“°®–æ‘∂’æ‘ ∂—π„πß“π‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à °àÕπÀπâ“π—Èπ®–𗥇æ◊ËÕπ ∫â“π„°≈⇧’¬ß¡“ °Á®–¡’≈Ÿ°À≈“π¡“¥â«¬ ¡’°“√
‡µ√’¬¡·§√à‰¡â‰ºà‰«â ªí¥°«“¥·§√à‰¡â‰ºà·≈⫇Փ‡ ◊ËÕ ªŸ≈ß ∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á‰¡à‰¥âªŸ‡ ◊ËÕ‚¥¬‡Õ“‰¡â°«“¥ªí¥ °«“¥·§√à‰¡â‰ºà·≈â«°Áπß—Ë ·≈â«À“·°â«πÈ” ¢—ππÈ” ∂⫬ ®“π ™“¡ ™âÕπ ∂â“§π¡“°°Á®–‡µ√’¬¡·°â«¡“° µ“¡®”π«π§π ¡’°“√‡µ√’¬¡°—∫·°≈â¡ ·≈â«°Á¥◊Ë¡ —ß √√§å°—π ¥—ß°≈à“««à“窟 “¥≈ß ®—¥·°â« ¡’‚®°¡’ ¢«¥‡À≈â“ ¡’°—∫·°≈â¡ ¢π¡π÷Ë߉°à§◊Õ‡º‘Ëπ«à“ À≈—ß ‡∑’¬°Á‡Õ“øÕ¬¡“°«¥π—Ëß‚≈¥ À≈—Ë߇∑’¬‡¡“°Áπ—Ëß‚≈¥ ∫àªí¥é( π∑π“°≈ÿà¡ D15 Õ Õ“¬ÿ 51 ªï) - °— ∫ · ° ≈â ¡ „ π ° “ √ ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡ § √◊Ë Õ ß ¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °— ∫ ·°≈â ¡ ∑’Ë √— ∫ ª√–∑“π°— π ®–‡ªì π Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π ¡’∑Õ¥‡π◊ÈÕ·Àâß ‡π◊ÈÕÀ¡Ÿ ‡π◊ÈÕ«—« ¬à“ß ‡π◊ÈÕ Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑¬” ‡º“ª≈“ ·ª–´–ª≈“™àÕπ µâ¡ª≈“ °âÕ¬ÀÕ¬ °âÕ¬ª≈“ ¬à“߉°à π÷Ë߉°à µâ¡‰°à ∫â“𠓇Àµÿ∑’ˇªìπµâ¡‰°à·≈–ª≈“‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“° ‡ªìπ Õ“À“√∑’ÀË “ßà“¬ Õ¬Ÿ„à °≈â À“´◊ÕÈ –¥«°¡’Õ¬Ÿ„à π™ÿ¡™π ¥—ß°≈à“««à“ ç¡—°‡π◊ÕÈ À¡Ÿ ‡π◊ÕÈ «—« ‡Õ“°√–¥Ÿ°«—«¡“µâ¡ ‡Õ“∫’≈ß·®« ®È”·´∫é (D14 ® Õ“¬ÿ 69 ªï) - ≈— ° …≥–∫ÿ § §≈∑’Ë √à « ¡¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °“√¥◊¡Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å„ÀâÕ√àÕ¬π—πÈ ®–¥◊¡Ë °—∫§π¥’∑æ’Ë ¥Ÿ ·µà‡√◊ÕË ß πÿ° π“π ‰¡à¢‚’È °ß‚≈‡≈ ‰¡à查‡√◊ËÕß°“√¶à“ °“√µ’ °“√™°µàÕ¬°—𠇪ìπ§π ‰¡à√∫°«π§πÕ◊Ëπ ‰¡à‡ªìπ§πÕ«¥‡°àßÕ«¥‚µ ‡ªìπ §πÀ≈àÕ √”√«¬ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« 燫ⓡ«πÊ ‡«â“°—π¥’Ê ∫à¡—°¢’È‚°ß‚≈‡≈ ∂â“¡’‰≈àÀπ’‚≈¥ °Ÿ°‘π∫à·´∫ µâÕß °‘π°—π¡«πÊ π‘Ë¡Ê ¡—π®—ß¡«π ∫—°‰¥ã∫à¡—°¡«π Õ¬à“¡“Õ¬Ÿàπ’ˇՓ¡—π‰ª ‡«â“‡√◊ËÕß¶à“‡√◊ËÕßµ’¡“∫à‡Õ“ ∫à¡—°π‘ —¬é (W66 ® Õ“¬ÿ 69 ªï) - ∂“π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ∂“π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈剥ⷰà √â“π§â“™ÿ¡™π √â“π°Õß∑ÿπ ß“π∫ÿ≠µà“ßÊ·≈–∑’Ë ∫â“πµπ‡Õß “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∫â“πµπ‡Õ߇π◊ËÕß¡“
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2010
77
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ®“°‰¡à¡’ ∂“π∑’ˉª ”À√—∫ÀâÕßÕ“À“√‰¡à‡§¬‰ª ∫“ߧ√—È ß °Á ‰ ª¥◊Ë ¡ ∑’Ë √â “ π§â “ ™ÿ ¡ ™π — ª ¥“Àå ≈ – Õß §√—ÈßÊ ≈– ‘∫∫“∑ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« ç°‘πÕ¬Ÿà∫â“π ‰ªß“π À¡àÕߌ—ÈπÀ¡àÕßπ’È°Á°‘π·π¬ÿ °‘πæÕ‰¥â‡Œâ¥‡«’¬°‰¥â ∫à·¡àπ«à“°‘π„À⇡“∫à‰¥â‡«’¬°é (J9 ¥ Õ“¬ÿ 46 ªï) - ∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡µà Õ °“√¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ∫√√¬“°“»∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡µàÕ°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å §«√‡ªìπ™à«ßµÕπ‡¬Áπ´÷Ë߇ √Á®®“° °“√∑”ß“π·≈â« ¡“®“°°“√∑”ß“π‡Àπ◊Ëլʷ≈â« ¡“¥◊Ë¡ ‰¡à¡’§π¿“¬πÕ°¡“√∫°«π§«√¡’·µà°≈ÿà¡ ‡¥’¬«°—π ¡’∑âÕßøÑ“¡◊¥§√÷È¡ Õ“°“»ª≈Õ¥‚ª√àß Õ“√¡≥奒ÊÕ¬Ÿàµ“¡∑ÿàßπ“ ≈¡æ—¥‚™¬Ê ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« ç∫√√¬“°“»§√÷È¡Ê ∫√√¬“°“»ª≈Õ¥‚ª√àß Õ“√¡≥å ¥’Ê Õ¬Ÿà‰ŒÕ¬Ÿàπ“ ≈¡æ—¥‚™¬Ê ∂Ⓡ¡“¡“¡—π°Á·´∫é (K2 À Õ“¬ÿ 31 ªï) - ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å®–¥◊Ë¡‡«≈“ ‡™â“·≈–‡«≈“‡¬Áπ ¥—ß§”°≈à“« ç°‘π¬“¡¡◊ÈÕ‡™â“°—∫ ¬“¡¡◊ÕÈ ·≈ß ¬“¡°≈“ß«—π∫à°π‘ ‡Œâ¥ß“π¡“‡Àπ◊ÕË ¬Ê ¬“¡¡◊ÈÕ·≈ß ¬“¡¥”π“°Á´◊ÈÕ‰ª‰«â ≈—߇∑’¬°Á¡“°‘π ‡∑’¬≈–‡ªÑ°°Á·≈⫉ª µ◊πË ¢÷πÈ ¡“¬“¡¡◊ÕÈ ‡™â“°Á‡Àßàπ°‘π ·µà«“à ∫à‰¥â°π‘ ¬“ °‘π≈߉ª¡—π°Á∫ªà «¥é (Y41 ¥ Õ“¬ÿ 46 ªï) - ª√–‡¿∑‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∑’Ë™◊Ëπ ™Õ∫ °“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∫“ߧπ°Á ™Õ∫‡À≈â“ ∫“ߧπ°Á™Õ∫‡∫’¬√å §π∑’Ë™Õ∫‡∫’¬√å„Àâ ‡Àµÿº≈«à“ ‡À≈â“¡—π°≈‘Ëπ©ÿπ·√ß ‡∫’¬√å‰¡à‡¡“‡√Á« ·≈–‰¡à· ∫∑âÕß ¥—ߧ”°≈à“«ç‡∫’¬√å¡—π∫à‡¡“‰« ∫à°—¥∑âÕß°—¥‰ âé (M33 ª Õ“¬ÿ 57 ªï) 惵‘°√√¡¢≥–¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ - «‘∏’°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å 78
µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
«‘∏’°“√¥◊Ë¡‡∫’¬√åπ—Èπ∑”‚¥¬‡Õ“·°â«¡“ „ àπÈ” ·¢Áß ‡ªî¥Ω“¢«¥‡∫’¬√åÕÕ° ·≈⫧àÕ¬Ê√‘π∫“ßÊ °“√¥◊Ë¡‡∫’¬√åπ’ȵâÕß¡’§π≈–·°â« ·≈â«°ÁµâÕß™π·°â« °—π∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ πÿ° π“π π“πʧ√—Èß¡“æ∫°—π °ÁµâÕß™π·°â«°—π °“√¥◊Ë¡°Á®–µâÕߧàլʥ◊Ë¡ ‰¡à‰¥â ¥◊Ë¡„ÀâÀ¡¥·°â« ¥◊Ë¡‡∫“Ê ¥—ߧ”°≈à“«ç‰¢¢«¥ ‡∫’¬√å·≈⫧àÕ¬Ê√‘π∫“ßÊ ‡Õ“πÈ”·¢Áß„ à·°â«·≈â«√‘π ∫“ßÊ ·≈â«°‘π ·≈–∂Ⓣªπ—ßË °—∫À¡Ÿ√à π‘ ·°â«‰º·°â«¡—π ·≈â«°Á‡ªì°·°â«°—π ‰¥â·°â«·≈â«°Á™π°—𠧫“¡¡«π ´◊𧫓¡ πÿ° π“π ¡“æâÕ°—π¡“™π·°â«°—π ®– §àլʰ‘π ∫Ÿà‰¥â¬°À¡¥·°â« °‘π∫“ßÊé(R21 À Õ“¬ÿ 31 ªï) - ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë π∑π“°—π¢≥–¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢≥–¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å „ π«ß ‡À≈â“®–¡’°“√查§ÿ¬°—π„π‡√◊ËÕß §«“¡ πÿ° π“π °“√·Àà°≈Õ߬“«´÷Ëß∂Ⓣ¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß¶âÕ߇ ’¬ß°≈Õß ¡—π®– πÿ° π“π 查„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√∑”ß“π °“√‰ª∑” ¡“À“°‘π °“√‰ªÀ“°∫„πƒ¥Ÿ·≈âß °“√øÑÕπ°“√√” §«“¡ «¬§«“¡ß“¡¢Õ߇®â“ “« §«“¡À≈àÕ¢Õß ‡®â“∫à“« ß“π∫ÿ≠¢Õ߇®â“¿“æ´÷Ëß¡’‡ß‘π¡’∑Õß¡“°®÷ß ‰¥â®—¥ß“π∫ÿ≠ ∫“ߧ√—Èß°Á查‡√◊ËÕ߉√â “√–·≈â«·µà§π ®–¬°ª√–‡¥Áπ¢÷Èπ¡“查§ÿ¬ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« ç‡√◊ËÕß §«“¡¡«π §«“¡™◊Ëπ ¡’·µàÕ¬“°‰ªøÑÕπ ‡«â“‡√◊ËÕß °≈Õ߬“«é (S2 À Õ“¬ÿ 31 ªï) ç∫à‰¥â‡«â“‡¥âÀ≈– ¡’·µà‡«â“‡√◊ËÕ߇ŒÁ¥°“√‡ŒÁ¥ß“ππ’ÈÀ≈– ¡’·µà™«π°—𠉪°‘πÀ“Õ¬ŸÀà “°‘π À“°∫®—ß´—πË À≈–¬“¡·≈âßé (S4 ª Õ“¬ÿ 51 ªï) - °‘ ® °√√¡∑’Ë ∑”¢≥–¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢≥–¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å „ π«ß ‡À≈â“°‘®°√√¡∑’Ë∑”‰¥â·°à °“√µ∫¡◊Õ √âÕ߇æ≈ß ‡ªî¥ ‡æ≈ß√âÕß°—π ∫“ߧ√—Èß√âÕ߇æ≈ߧ“√“‚Õ‡°–‚¥¬ ‡ª≈’ˬπ°—π√âÕß ¡’°“√ à߇ ’¬ß¥—ß øÑÕπ √” §—Ë«¢â“«
惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑:°√≥’»÷°…“„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëßœ
§—Ë« §—Ë«æ√‘° ∑”°—∫¢â“« À—Ëπ‡π◊ÈÕ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« ç¡’ øÑÕπ·π ¡’‡ ’¬ß¥πµ√’°ÁµâÕßøÑÕπ ∂â“Õ¬“°‡¡“¡—π °ÁµâÕ߇ ’¬ß¥—ß·π ºŸâπ—Èπ°ÁÕ¬“°‡«â“ºŸâπ’È°ÁÕ¬“°‡«â“ °“√‡¥‘π°“√øÑÕπ πÿ°∏√√¡¥“é ( π∑π“°≈ÿ¡à T6 À Õ“¬ÿ 31 ªï) 惵‘°√√¡À≈—ß°“√¥◊¡Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑ - ° “ √ ∑” ß “ π À ≈— ß ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡ § √◊Ë Õ ß ¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å À≈— ß ®“°∑’Ë ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ‡ √Á®·≈â«®– “¡“√∂‰ª∑”ß“πµàÕ‰¥â ß“π∑’∑Ë ”‰¥â·°à °“√‰ª∂Õπ°≈â“ °“√‰ª¥”π“ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« ç‰ªπ“ ‰ª¥”π“é (W4 ª Õ“¬ÿ 61 ªï) - °“√√—°…“欓∫“≈‡¡◊ËÕ¡’Õ“°“√‡¡“ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å √—°…“欓∫“≈‡¡◊ËÕ¡’Õ“°“√‡¡“‡§√◊ËÕß ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∑”‚¥¬µâ¡πÈ”√âÕπÕ“∫ ‡Õ“πÈ”√âÕπ ¡“ª√–§∫µ“¡µ— « ¥◊Ë ¡ πÈ” √â Õ π ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÕ’°‡ªÖ°À√◊Õ Õ߇ªÖ° ¥◊Ë¡πÈ”‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ¥◊Ë¡π¡‡ª√’Ȭ« Õ¡·≈–‡§’Ȭ«‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπß‘È« °‘π¢â“« ∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬πÕÕ° Õ“∫πÈ” πÕπæ—°ºàÕπ°ÁÀ“¬‡¡“ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« 紫߇Õß ¡—π ≈÷¡ ≈◊Õ ∫“߇∑’¬°Á‡Õ“ ¡“°‘πÕ’° Õ߇ªì°´◊πæâÕ«âÕ Õ¬“°°‘π¢â“« ∫à∂Õπ∫à ‰¥â ∂Õπ®÷ß°‘π¢â“«‰¥â ∂⓪ܓ¢â“«µ“¬‚≈¥ ¡’°“√µâ¡ πÈ”√âÕπ°‘π °‘π„ÀâÀ≈“¬‡≈¬é (W16 ® Õ“¬ÿ 71 ªï) - «‘ ∏’ ° “√·°â Õ “°“√‡¡“‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å °“√·°âÕ“°“√‡¡“‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ∑”‚¥¬°‘πºß™Ÿ√ ´÷Ëß®–∑”„ÀâÕ“‡®’¬πÕÕ°¡“ µàÕ ®“°π—Èπ°Á‰ª°‘π¢â“« ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« ç°‘πºß™Ÿ√ ‡∑„ à ª“° Õ¡Àπ÷ßË ·≈â«Œ“°ÕÕ°¡“ À“°‘π¢â“«·≈⫇¡◊Õπ“é (W81 ª Õ“¬ÿ 45 ªï) - Õ “ ° “ √ ¢ ≥ – ‡ ¡ “ ‡ § √◊Ë Õ ß ¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÕ¬à“ßÀπ—°
¢≥–‡¡“‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÀπ—°Ê ®– Õ¬“°πÕπ Õ“‡®’¬π «‘߇«’¬π ‡«’¬πÀ—« ‰¡à¡‡’ √’¬Ë «·√ß µ“≈“¬ ¥—ߧ”°≈à“« 燡“‰ª∫à‰¥â‡≈¬ «‘πÀ—« ¡÷ππ” ‡π◊ÈÕπ”µ—«À≈àÕ¬‰ª‡∫‘¥ πÕπŒ“°Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« Œ“° ¢’ȇæ≈’Ȭ¢’È¢¡ Œ“°ÕÕ°‡∫‘¥ ∫à®—°Õ¬“°¢’ÈÕ¬“°Œ“° ·µà«à“§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¬—ߥ’§◊Õ‡°à“é ( π∑π“°≈ÿà¡ W86 ß Õ“¬ÿ 41 ªï) - °‘ ® °√√¡∑’Ë ∑”¢≥–‡¡“‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢≥–‡¡“‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å°‘®°√√¡ ∑’Ë∑”∫“ߧπ°ÁπÕπ ∫“ߧπ°Á‰ª∫√√®ÿπÈ”„ ࢫ¥ ∂◊Õ ‡ ’¬¡‰ª¢ÿ¥À“°∫À“ªŸ ‰ª·À¬à¡¥·¥ß ·≈–¡’°“√ ‡¥‘ 𠉪‡√◊Ë Õ ¬Ê ¥— ß §”°≈à “ « 牪Œ“¬πÈ” Œ“¬„π ∂◊Õ‡ ’¬¡‰ª¢ÿ¥Õ—ππ—Èπ¢ÿ¥Õ—ππ’È ‰ª·À¬à¡¥·¥ß °Á‰ª ¬“¡‡∑’Ë¬ß ¬“߉ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ‡Àß◊ËÕÕÕ°‰ªé( π∑π“ °≈ÿà¡ W43 ° Õ“¬ÿ 33 ªï)
Õ¿‘ª√“¬º≈ 1. º≈°“√«‘ ®— ¬ æ∫«à “ “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ºŸâ À ≠‘ ß ™π∫∑¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“° ºŸâ À≠‘ß®–‰ª™à«¬°“√®—¥ß“π‡∑»°“≈µà“ßÊ „πÀ¡Ÿ∫à “â 𠇙àπ ß“πªï„À¡à ß“π¢÷Èπ∫â“π„À¡à ß“π·µàßß“π ß“π‡≈’È¬ß ß“π≈Ÿ°À≈“π°≈—∫¡“®“°∑”ß“πµà“ß ®—ßÀ«—¥ ‡ªìπµâπ ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ‰ª™à«¬ß“πµâÕߥ◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß ¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈奫⠬ ‡æ◊ÕË π∫â“π∫—ߧ—∫„À⥡◊Ë ‡æ◊ÕË π ∫â “ π™— ° ™«π„Àâ ¥◊Ë ¡ ¥◊Ë ¡ ‡æ◊Ë Õ §≈“¬§«“¡‡§√’ ¬ ¥ √–∫“¬Õ“√¡¬å „À⡧’ «“¡ πÿ° π“π ∑”„ÀâÕ“√¡≥奒 ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°≈â“· ¥ßÕÕ°„π°“√√âÕß√”∑”‡æ≈ß ‰¥â æ∫ª– —ß √√§å°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπΩŸß °—∫≈Ÿ°°—∫À≈“π ‡æ◊ËÕ ‡¢â“ —ߧ¡ ∑”„À⇮√‘≠Õ“À“√ ¥◊Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“Õ“°“√ ‡®Á∫ª«¥µ“¡√à“ß°“¬ ¥◊Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ·°â√à“ß°“¬ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ¬≈â“ ¥◊Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ查§ÿ¬‡°à߇¢â“°—∫ —ߧ¡‰¥âßà“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕπ¢Ÿà∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ¥◊Ë¡∂Ⓣ¡à¥◊Ë¡°Á®–ª√—∫‰À¡ ·≈– “¡’ ∫à π ®“°º≈°“√»÷ ° …“π’È Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ °“√
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2010
79
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ »÷°…“¢Õß ®‘√«—≤πå ®‘µµ«—≤π“ππ∑å,™”π“≠ ªíôπ π“§,¥«ßƒ∑—¬ ÿ§π∏ªØ‘¿“§·≈–§≥–6,7,8 ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ “‡Àµÿ°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å à«π„À≠à‡æ◊ËÕ ‡¢â“ —ߧ¡ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕ𠧫“¡ πÿ° π“π·≈– §«“¡‡§√’¬¥ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ∑ÿ°ªï™ÿ¡™π™π∫∑®–¡’ ß“πÀ√◊Õ‡∑»°“≈·≈–ß“π∫ÿ≠µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ß“π«—π ¢÷Èπªï„À¡à ß“π∫ÿ≠º–‡« ß“π¢÷Èπ∫â“π„À¡à ß“π»æ ß“π·µàßß“π·≈–ß“π∫«™ ß“π¥—ß°≈à“«®–¡’°“√‰ª ™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ´÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π ß“ππ—Èπ®–¡’°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß ¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈凪ìπª√–®”Õ—π®–∑”„Àâß“π πÿ° π“π §√◊Èπ‡§√ß ∑”„Àâ°“√ª√– “πß“π√“∫√◊Ëπ ·≈–∑”„Àâ ß“ππ—Èπ∫√√≈ÿ«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå∑’˵—È߉«â ¥—ßπ—Èπ·π«∑“ß °“√·°â ‰ ¢„π™ÿ ¡ ™π§«√ª√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π§à “ π‘ ¬ ¡„À¡à À√◊Õ™ÿ¡™π§«√µ—Èß°Æ √–‡∫’¬∫¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫¿“¬„π ™ÿ¡™π„Àâߥ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å„πß“πÀ√◊Õ ‡∑»°“≈·≈–ß“π∫ÿ≠µà“ßÊ ·≈–¡’°“√ª√–°«¥·¢àß ¢—π ¡Õ∫√“ß«—≈À√◊Õ„Àâ„∫ª√–°“»‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥·°à §√—«‡√◊Õπ∑’®Ë ¥— ß“π‚¥¬‰¡à¡‡’ §√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å9 ºŸâ À≠‘ß™π∫∑„π·µà≈–«—π®–¡’°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ °≈ÿà¡∑“ß —ߧ¡√Õ∫∫â“π´÷Ë߇ªìπªí®®—¬‡ √‘¡ ‰¥â·°à ∫ÿµ√ À≈“π ≈ÿß ªÑ“ πâ“ Õ“ “¡’ ¿√√¬“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ
∫â“π °≈ÿ¡à —ߧ¡‡À≈à“π’®È –¡’°“√™—°®Ÿß π”æ“ ™—°™«π ·π–π” ∫—ߧ—∫ ¢Ÿà‡¢Á≠„Àâ¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¥—ßπ—Èπ§«√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ°≈ÿà¡∑“ß —ߧ¡√Õ∫∫â“π´÷Ëß ‡ªìπªí®®—¬‡ √‘¡ ‰¥â·°à ∫ÿµ√ À≈“π ≈ÿß ªÑ“ πâ“ Õ“ “¡’ ¿√√¬“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π „À⇪ìπµâπ·∫∫∑’Ë¥’„π °“√‡≈‘°¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·≈–¡’°“√ √â“ß ®‘µ ”π÷°∑’Ë¥’„π°“√§∫‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π∑’Ë¥’ ‰¡à§«√§∫ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å À√◊ÕÀ≈’° ‡≈’¬Ë ß®“°°≈ÿ¡à ‡æ◊ÕË π∫â“π∑’¥Ë ¡◊Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å √Ÿâ®—°ªØ‘‡ ∏‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π™«π¥◊Ë¡ ‰¡àµâÕß∑”µ“¡ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∫â“π πÕ°®“°π’ȧ«√¡’°“√„™â‡«≈“«à“ß„À⇰‘¥ ª√–‚¬™πå À“ß“πÕ¥‘‡√°∑” ‡™àπ Õà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ‡≈àπ °’Ã“ ¥ŸÀπ—ß œ≈œ10
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» §≥–ºŸ«â ®‘ ¬— ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ §ÿ≥≈”æŸπ ©«’√°— …å “∏“√≥ ÿ¢Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿπÑ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ ∑’Ë„À⧔·π–π” µ√«® ·°â‰¢√“¬ß“π©∫—∫π’È ·≈–¢Õ ¢Õ∫§ÿ ≥ ºŸâ „ Àâ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ À≈— ° „πÀ¡Ÿà ∫â “ π·Àà ß Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥¢â“«ªÿÑπ ∑’Ë„À⧫“¡√à«¡¡◊ե⫬¥’„π°“√ ∑”«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. ”π—°‚√§‰¡àµ‘¥µàÕ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢.π‚¬∫“¬·≈–¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å·Ààß™“µ‘„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ °“√∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å. ππ∑∫ÿ√’: ¡.ª.æ.;2547. 2. æ‘¡æå¿“ ‡µ™–°¡≈ ÿ¢. √ÿªª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠¢ÕßÕÿ∫µ— ‡‘ Àµÿ∑“ß∂ππ„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√. √“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß∑“ß√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ª√–®” —ª¥“Àå 2551; 39:1-2. 3. ®’√“«√√≥ ∫ÿ≠‡æ‘Ë¡,π«√—µπå ‚Õªπæ—π∏ÿå,πß≈—°…≥å ‚ß«‘«—≤πå™—¬, æ√‡æÁ≠ »√’∏√√¡√—™µå. √“¬ß“πº≈°“√ ”√«® Õπ“¡—¬·≈– «— ¥‘°“√ æ.» 2546. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√: ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘ °√–∑√«ß‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»·≈–°“√ ◊ËÕ “√;2546. 4. ∑√߇°’¬√µ‘ ªî¬–°– ·≈– ‡«∑‘π »—π 𒬇«∑¬å. ¬‘È¡ Ÿâ‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¬“‡ 浑¥. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 7. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√: ¡µ‘™π; 2544. 5. πßπ¿— §Ÿ«à √—≠êŸ ‡∑’¬Ë ß°¡≈. °“√«‘®¬— ‡™‘ß∫Ÿ√≥“°“√·∫∫Õߧå√«¡. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√: ∫√‘…∑— «’.æ√‘πÈ ∑å(1991) ®”°—¥; 2551.
80
µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡ 2553
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕߺŸâÀ≠‘ß™π∫∑:°√≥’»÷°…“„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëßœ
6. ®‘√«—≤πå ®‘µµ«—≤π“ππ∑å. 惵‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢ÕßÕ“ “ ¡—§√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ª√–®”À¡Ÿ∫à “â π. ™—¬¿Ÿ¡‘‡«™ “√ 2550; 27: 35. 7.™”π“≠ ªíôππ“§. ∫∑§—¥¬àÕº≈ß“π«‘™“°“√ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ª√–®”ªï 2552. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√:‚√ßæ‘¡æå ”π—°ß“π°√¡µ”√«®·Ààß™“µ‘;2552. 8.¥«ßƒ∑—¬ ÿ§π∏ªØ‘¿“§, «√√≥’ ®—π∑√å «à“ß, º®ß»‘≈ªá ‡æ‘ß¡“°. °“√√—∫√Ÿâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ§√Õ∫§√—«‡æ◊ËÕπ·≈–§√Ÿ 惵‘°√√¡ªÑÕß°—π°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ¢Õß«—¬√ÿàπµÕπµâπ„π‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™. «“√ “√ à߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ·≈– Õπ“¡—¬ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ 2550;30(2)61-69 9. ÿ√—™¬“ ¡ÿ≈“≈’. °“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå∑ƒ…Æ’·√ß®Ÿß„®‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π‚√§°—∫·√ß π—∫ πÿπ∑“ß —ߧ¡„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√¥◊Ë¡ ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 6 ‚√߇√’¬π¢¬“¬‚Õ°“ ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“ Õ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ¥√∏“π’ «“√ “√°“√·æ∑¬å‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ 2551;16:680. 10. ∏πæ√ ªí≠≠“∏√, æ√™—¬ ∑‘æÕ“»πå. 惵‘°√√¡°“√¥◊¡Ë ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊¡Ë ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ Õ”‡¿Õ§Õπ «√√§å ®—ßÀ«—¥™—¬¿Ÿ¡‘. ™—¬¿Ÿ¡‘‡«™ “√ 2551;27:48-55. HEALTH
§”™’È·®ß ¥â«¬¿“æª√–°Õ∫¢Õß∫∑«‘∑¬“°“√‡√◊ËÕß º≈¢Õß°“√ √â“ß°√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√ŸâµàÕ°“√æ—≤π“ ‚√߇√’¬π‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π à߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ : °√≥’»÷°…“‚√߇√’¬π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß„π —ß°—¥ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√ à߇ √‘¡°“√»÷°…“‡Õ°™π ‚¥¬ æ‘¡æ‘»“ »—°¥‘Ï Õ߇¡◊Õß µ’æ‘¡æå≈ß„π«“√ “√œ ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 ‡¥◊Õπ °√°Æ“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2553 Àπâ“ 49 - 63 ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß¿“æª√–°Õ∫‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à¡’ à«π„¥‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ ∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“« Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§≥–ºŸ®â ¥— ∑”«“√ “√µâÕߢÕÕ¿—¬∑’ÕË “®∑”„ÀâºÕŸâ “à π‡¢â“„®º‘¥¡“ ≥ ‚Õ°“ π’¥È «â ¬ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH October - December 2010
81