§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß°“√µ√«®«—¥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Gravimetric, Beta-attenuation œ
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§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß°“√µ√«®«—¥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß ¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Gravimetric, Beta-attenuation ·≈– Tapered element oscillating microbalance ÿ«√√≥“ °Õß°“‰« «∑.¡. π—°»÷°…“ª√‘≠≠“‚∑ “¢“«‘™“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√∫√‘À“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (¿“§æ‘‡»…) §≥– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–∑√—欓°√»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ ‡Õ◊ÈÕ¡æ√ ¡—™¨‘¡«ß»å PhD «‘π—¬ πÿµ¡“°ÿ≈ PhD §≥– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–∑√—欓°√»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ «π‘ “ ÿ√æ‘æ‘∏ PhD ”π—°®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»·≈–‡ ’¬ß °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ß“π«‘®—¬π’È ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ (PM 10) √–À«à“ß«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß ‰¥â·°à Beta-Attenuation monitor (BAM) ·≈– Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) °—∫«‘∏’Õâ“ßՑߧ◊Õ Gravimetric high volume (GHV) ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“§à“·°â ”À√—∫ª√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’ ‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß„À⇪ìπ«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß √«¡∂÷ß»÷°…“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ PM 10 °—∫ªí®®—¬∑“ßÕÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ «‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥∑—Èß 3 «‘∏’ ‚¥¬„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¢Õß°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√‘¡∂ππ¢Õß °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ 2 ∂“π’ §◊Õ ∂“π’‚™§™—¬ 4 ·≈– ∂“𒥑π·¥ß ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“‰¥â®“°°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡√–À«à“ߪï 2544-2552 π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ PM10®“°∑—ßÈ 3 «‘∏’ ¡“®—∫§Ÿ„à π«—π∑’µË √«®«—¥µ√ß°—π ·∫à߇ªìπ 2 §Ÿà ‰¥â·°à GHV°—∫BAM ·≈– GHV°—∫ TEOM ·≈â«∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡∂¥∂Õ¬‡™‘߇ âπÕ¬à“ßßà“¬ ·≈–„™â°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√∂¥∂Õ¬·∫∫æÀÿ§Ÿ≥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ PM 10 °—∫ªí®®—¬∑“ßÕÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ «‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ ·∫∫Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (GHV) ¡’§“à Ÿß°«à“«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥·∫∫‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß (BAM,TEOM) Õ¬à“ß¡’π¬— ”§—≠∑’√Ë –¥—∫ 0.01 ∑—ßÈ 2 ∂“π’ ·≈–¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å·∫∫‡ âπµ√ß„π∑‘»∑“߇¥’¬«°—π ‚¥¬¡’ ¡°“√§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å §◊Õ GHV=1.45BAM (R 2=0.38) ·≈– GHV=1.05TEOM (R2=0.64) ¥—ßπ—Èπ„π°“√π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ PM10 ®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß‰ª„™â‡ªìπ«‘∏’Õâ“ßՑߧ«√¡’ §à“·°â „π°“√»÷°…“π’È§à“·°â ”À√—∫°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ BAM ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.45 ·≈–§à“·°â ”À√—∫°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ TEOM ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.05 ∑—Èßπ’È¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—∫§à“·°â„πª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß§à“·°â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ TEOM ¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥ ‚¥¬ BAM ·≈–§à“·°â∑’ˉ¥â®“°ß“π«‘®—¬π’Ȭ—ß¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’°“√«‘®—¬‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡°àÕπ𔉪„™â‡π◊ËÕß®“°§à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï °“√ µ—¥ ‘π„® (R2) ¢Õß GHV °—∫ BAM ¬—ß¡’§à“µË”°«à“ 0.5 °“√»÷°…“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ PM 10 °—∫ªí®®—¬ ∑“ßÕÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥ PM 10 „π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“«®–¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“ƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ°—∫ƒ¥ŸΩπ ·≈–∑‘»∑“ß≈¡‡ªìπªí®®—¬ Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’Ë ”§—≠„π°“√µ√«®«—¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß PM 10 ”À√—∫∑ÿ°«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏剡ࡒº≈µàÕ °“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß TEOM ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ GHV ·≈– BAM THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH A p r i l - J u n e 2 0 1 1
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Correlation of PM10 Measurements Using Gravimetric, Beta-attenuation and Tapered element oscillating microbalance methods Suwanna Kongkawai M.Sc. Auemphorn Mutchimwong Ph.D. Winai Nutmagul Ph.D. faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University Vanisa Surapipith Ph.D. Air Ouality and Noise Management Bureau, Pollution Control Department
Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the correlation of PM10 measurements using Gravimetric High Volume (GHV) which was a reference method and Beta-Attenuation Monitor (BAM) and Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) which were equivalent methods. The study aimed to define the correction factors for converting PM10 concentrations from equivalent methods to the reference method. The study was also focused on defining the correlation between PM10 measurements and meteorological parameters. The air quality data was obtained from Chokchai 4 and Dindaeng Stations. The air quality data were from the roadside continuous air-monitoring stations operated by Pollution Control Department (PCD) during the years 2001-2009. PM10 measurements on the same date were paired. Therefore, there were 2 pairs of GHV-BAM and GHV-TEOM. All pair data were analyzed using the Simple Linear Regression Analysis for the correlation between methods, and the Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis was used for the correlation between methods and meteorological parameters. The results clearly showed that PM10 concentrations from a reference method of GHV was higher than equivalent methods of BAM and TEOM with the significant level at 0.01 from both roadside stations. Furthermore, there was a typical linear relation in the similar direction parallel with the empirical equation of GHV=1.45BAM (R2=0.38) and GHV=1.05TEOM (R2=0.64). From this equation the correction factors for converting PM10 values from equivalent methods to the reference method was identified. The correction factors for BAM and TEOM were 1.45 and 1.05 respectively. In addition, there were dissimilarities of correction factors from various countries. The correction factor, measured by TEOM, was usually higher than the correction factor from BAM measurement. However, further study was needed before application because R2 of GHVBAM was lower than 0.5. The correlation between PM10 measurements and meteorological parameters would simply imply that the number of PM10 in the winter would be more stringent than in the summer and the rainy seasons. In addition, wind direction could act as one of vital meteorological parameters for sampling PM10 concentrations in all measurement methods while PM10 values from TEOM was insignificant to relative humidity, but unlikely from GHV and BAM measurements. Key words: Gravimetric high volume, Beta-attenuation, TEOM, PM10 , Correction factor
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§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß°“√µ√«®«—¥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Gravimetric, Beta-attenuation œ
∫∑π” °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√‡ªìπ‡¡◊Õß»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß ·À≈àß∏ÿ√°‘®·≈–§«“¡‡®√‘≠ ∑’Ë¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π ª√–™“°√Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«·≈–¡’°“√æ—≤𓇪ìπÕ¬à“ß ¡“°‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕ◊Ëπ¢Õߪ√–‡∑» º≈®“°°“√ æ— ≤ π“Õ¬à “ ß√«¥‡√Á « π’È ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ªí ≠ À“¥â “ π ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈âÕ¡µ“¡¡“ ¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»‡ªìπªí≠À“∑’Ë ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë ¡’ º ≈°√–∑∫µà Õ ÿ ¢ ¿“æÕπ“¡— ¬ ¢Õß ª√–™“™πÕ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â ‡æ√“–„π·µà≈–«—π ‡√“µâ Õ ßÀ“¬„®·¡â «à “ ®–¡’ ‘Ë ß ‡®◊ Õ ªπ´÷Ë ß Õ“®‡ªì π Õ— π µ√“¬∑’Ë “√¡≈æ‘ … ∑“ßÕ“°“»ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬ ‘ßË ‡®◊Õªπ ‡™àπ ΩÿπÉ ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ (PM 10 ), °ä “ ´´— ≈ ‡øÕ√å ‰ ¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å , °ä “ ´ ‰π‚µ√‡®π‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å, °ä“´§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å, °ä“´‚Õ‚´π·≈– “√µ–°—Ë«1 ‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑√“∫¥’«à“ PM10 ‡ªì π “√¡≈æ‘ … À≈— ° ∑’Ë à ß º≈°√–∑∫ ”§— ≠ µà Õ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢π“¥∑’ˇ≈Á°¡“°∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂‡¢â “ Ÿà √ –∫∫∑“߇¥‘ π À“¬„®‰¥â ≈÷ ° ∂÷ ß À≈Õ¥≈¡‡≈Á°·≈–∂ÿß≈¡ªÕ¥∑”„À⇰‘¥‚√§ÀÕ∫À◊¥ ·≈–‚√§À—«„®2 πÕ°®“°π’È·≈â« ΩÿÉ𠧫—π∑’Ë≈àÕß≈Õ¬ Õ¬Ÿà„π∫√√¬“°“»¬—ß∫¥∫—ß∑—»π«‘ —¬°“√¡Õ߇ÀÁπ Õ— 𠇪ì 𠓇Àµÿ ¢ Õß°“√‡°‘ ¥ Õÿ ∫— µ‘ ‡ Àµÿ ‰ ¥â Õ’ ° ¥â « ¬ ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π “√¡≈æ‘ … ∑“ßÕ“°“»∑’Ë µ √«®«— ¥ „π °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ à«π„À≠àÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π ¬°‡«âπ ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕ߬—߇ªìπªí≠À“‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“𠓇ÀµÿÀ≈—°¢Õߪí≠À“ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) ‡°‘¥ ®“°°“√‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«¢Õß√∂¬πµå ∑”„Àâ∫√‘‡«≥√‘¡∂ππª√– ∫ªí≠À“ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¡“° °«à“∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªªí≠À“¡≈æ‘… ∑“ßÕ“°“»®–¡’§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß„π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“« ´÷Ëß¡’ §«“¡°¥Õ“°“» Ÿß ¿“æÕ“°“»π‘Ëß ‰¡à‡Õ◊ÈÕµàÕ °“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õß “√¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»3 °“√‡ΩÑ “ √–«— ß §ÿ ≥ ¿“æÕ“°“»∑”‚¥¬°“√ µ√«®«—¥¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õµ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»´÷Ëß
°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‰¥â°”À𥉫âÀ≈“¬«‘∏’ ‡™àπ «‘∏’ Gravimetric High Volume (GHV) ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ° °”À𥇪ìπ«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß «‘∏’ Beta-Attenuation Monitor (BAM) «‘∏’ Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) ´÷Ëß Õß«‘∏’ À≈—ßπ’ȇªìπ«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß ‚¥¬‰¥â¡’°“√ª√–°“»§à“ ¡“µ√∞“π¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) ∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Õ¬Ÿ∑à ’Ë 120 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡µàÕ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√ (§à“‡©≈’ˬ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß) ·≈– 50 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡µàÕ≈Ÿ° ∫“»°å‡¡µ√ (§à“‡©≈’ˬ√“¬ªï)4 ·µà§à“¡“µ√∞“π ”À√— ∫ ª√–‡∑» À√— ∞ Õ‡¡√‘ ° “°”À𥂥¬ US.EPA.®–Õ¬Ÿ∑à ’Ë 150 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡µàÕ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√ (§à“‡©≈’ˬ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß) ·≈– 50 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡µàÕ≈Ÿ° ∫“»°å‡¡µ√ (§à“‡©≈’ˬ√“¬ªï)5 ´÷Ëß°“√µ√«®«—¥ ¥â«¬«‘∏’ Gravimetric High Volume ¡’¢âÕ‡ ’¬∑’Ë «à“‰¡à “¡“√∂√“¬ß“πº≈‰¥â∑—π∑’‡æ√“–«‘∏’°“√π’È¡’ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ°√–¥“…°√Õß∑ÿ°Ê 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß∑”„À≥⠧à“ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß‡æ’¬ß 1 §à“µàÕ«—π πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’ ªí ≠ À“‡√◊Ë Õ ß¢Õß°“√¥Ÿ ¥ §«“¡™◊È π ·≈–°“√√–‡À¬ ¢Õß “√°÷Ëß√–‡À¬ ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π√–À«à“ß°“√‡°Á∫ µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ’°¥â«¬6 ∑—Èßπ’È®–·µ°µà“ß®“°Õ’° 2 «‘∏’ ∑’Ë ‡ªìπ«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß ´÷Ëß∑”°“√µ√«®«—¥Õ¬à“ßµàÕ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß·≈–√“¬ß“πº≈‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß√«¥‡√Á « ‡ªì π √“¬ ™—Ë«‚¡ß®÷ß∑”„À⇪ìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°„πÀ≈“¬ ª√–‡∑»¡“°°«à“«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß7 Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß∑—Èß 2 «‘∏’ ¡’¢âÕ ‡ ’ ¬ °≈à “ «§◊ Õ «‘ ∏’ BAM ®–‰¥â √— ∫ º≈®“° §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√¥Ÿ¥πÈ”®“°æ«° “√√–‡À¬Õπ‘π∑√’¬å‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘π®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡≈–≈“¬´÷Ëß®– ∑”„À⧓à ∑’ÕË “à π‰¥â¡§’ “à Ÿß°«à“§à“∑’µË √«®«—¥‰¥â®“°«‘∏’ GHV8 „π¢≥–∑’Ë«‘∏’ TEOM ®–¡’°“√„™â§«“¡ √âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 50 ÌC ∑’Ë∑àÕ‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“°“»‡¢â“ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√‰≈àπÈ”·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ àߺ≈„Àâ “√∫“ß µ—«∑’ˇªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßΩÿÉπ PM10 ‡™àπ ´—≈‡øµ
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH A p r i l - J u n e 2 0 1 1
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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ·≈–‰π‡µ√µ ‡ªìπµâπ9 ≈“¬µ—« ∑”„Àâº≈®“°°“√ µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ TEOM ¡’§à“µË”°«à“ GHV7 ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ®’È ß÷ ¡’°“√»÷°…“À“§à“·°â (Correction Factor, CF) ∑’Ë®–„™â„π°“√ª√—∫·°â§à“∑’Ë µ√«®«—¥‰¥â‚¥¬«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß„À⇪ìπ«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß´÷Ëß „πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“§à“·°â∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫ BAM=1.0 ·≈– TEOM=1.37,10 ·µà ”À√—∫ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¿‘√µ“ ‡®√‘≠º≈11 ‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“ æ∫«à“§à“·°â¢Õß BAM = 1.26 ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“ √–À«à“ߪï 2544-2547 ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ —πÈ Ê ·≈– ‰¥â‰¡à∑”°“√»÷°…“§à“·°â¢Õß TEOM ¥— ß π—È π ºŸâ «‘ ®— ¬ ®÷ ß ¡’ § «“¡ π„®∑’Ë ® –»÷ ° …“ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥∑—Èß 3 «‘∏’ ·≈–»÷°…“ §à“·°â ”À√—∫„™â°—∫∑—Èß 2 «‘∏’„π™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë π“π¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â§à“·°â∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡∑’Ë®–„™â„π°“√ ª√—∫·°â§à“∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß „À⇪ìπ«‘∏’Õâ“ßՑ߉¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¢Õß°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√‘¡ ∂ππ¢Õß°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ®”π«π 2 ∂“π’ §◊Õ ∂“π’µ”√«®π§√∫“≈‚™§™—¬ 4 ·≈– ∂“𒇧À– ™ÿ¡™π¥‘π·¥ß ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“‰¥â®“°°“√ ‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡√–À«à“ߪï 2544-2552
«‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ PM10 ®“°∑—Èß 3 «‘∏’ ¡“®—∫§Ÿà„π «—π∑’µË √«®«—¥µ√ß°—π ·≈–·∫à߇ªìπ 2 §Ÿà ‰¥â·°à GHV °—∫ BAM ·≈– GHV °—∫ TEOM ·≈â«π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ π—Èπ¡“«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‚¥¬«‘∏’∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ‡æ◊Ë Õ ¥Ÿ § «“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ¢ Õß·µà ≈ –«‘ ∏’ ° “√µ√«®«— ¥ πÕ°®“°π’È ¬— ß ‰¥â ∑”°“√»÷ ° …“§«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å √–À«à “ ß«‘ ∏’ ° “√µ√«®«— ¥ PM10 °— ∫ ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑“ß Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‚¥¬°“√π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¡“ «‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‚¥¬«‘∏’∑“ß ∂‘µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß·µà≈–«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥°—∫ªí®®—¬ ∑“ßÕÿµπÿ ¬‘ ¡«‘∑¬“∑’¡Ë º’ ≈µàÕ°“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß∑—ßÈ 3 «‘∏’
«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧ尓√»÷°…“ 1. ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫§«“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â 𠇙‘ ß πÈ” Àπ—°¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß PM10‚¥¬«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥¥â«¬ GHV BAM ·≈–TEOM 2. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“§à“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õߧ«“¡ ‡¢â¡¢âπ‡™‘ßπÈ”Àπ—°¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß PM10‚¥¬«‘∏’°“√ µ√«®«—¥¥â«¬ GHV BAM ·≈– TEOM 3. ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“§à“·°â ”À√—∫°“√ª√—∫·°â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∑’‰Ë ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’ BAM TEOM „À⇪ìπ GHV 4. ‡æ◊Ë Õ »÷ ° …“§«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ¢ Õß«‘ ∏’ ° “√ µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ GHV BAM ·≈–TEOM °—∫ªí®®—¬ Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë»÷°…“ °“√»÷ ° …“π’È „ ™â ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¢Õß ∂“π’ µ √«®«— ¥
94
‡¡…“¬π - ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2554
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∂‘µ‘ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µà“ßÊ ®–„™â‚ª√·°√¡ ∂‘µ‘ª√–¬ÿ°µå SPSS for Window version 17.0 ‚¥¬¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ® “°°“√µ√«®«— ¥ „π·µà ≈ –§Ÿà ® – ∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡∂¥∂Õ¬‡™‘߇ âπÕ¬à“ßßà“¬ (Simple Linear Regression Analysis) ·≈– 𔇠πÕ„π≈—°…≥–¢Õß§à“‡©≈’ˬ, §à“‡∫’ˬ߇∫π ¡“µ√∞“π·≈– ¡°“√§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ”À√—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ √–À«à “ ß«‘ ∏’ ° “√µ√«®«— ¥ PM10 °— ∫ ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑“ß Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ®–„™â°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√ ∂¥∂Õ¬·∫∫æÀÿ§≥ Ÿ (Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) ·≈–𔇠πÕ„π≈—°…≥–¢Õß§à“ ‡©≈’ˬ, §à“‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“µ√∞“π ·≈– ¡°“√§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥√–¥—∫π—¬ ”§—≠∑’Ë 0.01
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß°“√µ√«®«—¥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Gravimetric, Beta-attenuation œ
º≈°“√»÷°…“ º≈°“√µ√«®«—¥ª√‘¡“≥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à ‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ (PM10) ¥â«¬«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥·∫∫ GHV ·≈– BAM °—∫ TEOM ‚¥¬∑”°“√‡°Á∫ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¢Õß°√¡
§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√‘¡∂ππ 2 æ◊Èπ∑’Ë §◊Õ ∂“π’ µ”√«®π§√∫“≈‚™§™—¬ 4 °—∫ ∂“𒇧À–™ÿ¡™π ¥‘π·¥ß „πªï 2544-2552 „Àâº≈¥—ßπ’È 1. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ GHV, BAM ·≈– TEOM
µg/m3) ¢Õß ∂“π’‚™§™—¬ 4 ·≈– ∂“π’ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §«“¡‡¢â¡¢ÕߢÕß PM10 ‡©≈’ˬ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß (µ ¥‘π·¥ß ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»
√–¬–‡«≈“ ‚™§™—¬ 4 GHV
N
Sig.
GHV
Whole Period (2544-2552) Range 10.7-195.2 12.7-136.7 Mean±S.D. 64.4+26.60 46.15+19.6
467
0.01
-
2544-2548 Range Mean±S.D. 2548-2552 Range Mean±S.D. Annual 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552
BAM
¥‘π·¥ß BAM
-
-
-
-
-
12.5-204.1 22.5-128.2 95.46±37.0 53.26±22
-
-
-
-
31.8-223.6 86.74±36.7
-
68.93 59.73 69.97 79.07 64.41 61.59 64.91 56.82 56.50
35.97 34.55 34.39 74.64 54.53 51.06 45.31 43.03 38.85
44 51 47 52 56 54 52 55 56
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
97.50 90.61 88.66 111.49 126.59 98.72 87.97 73.86 68.30
43.36 46.13 52.17 75.81 -
TEOM
N
Sig.
-
-
-
-
173
0.01
27.0-204.60 244 79.41±35.40
0.01
114.94 91.13 71.84 69.79 67.61
34 52 43 32 26 56 49 57 56
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH A p r i l - J u n e 2 0 1 1
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
95
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 æ∫«à“ °“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ GHV ∑’ Ë ∂“π’‚™§™—¬ 4 ¡’§“à ‡©≈’¬Ë √“¬ªï¢Õß PM10 ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’Ë°”À𥉫â∑’Ë 50 µg/m3 µ“¡ª√–°“»§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·Ààß™“µ‘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 10 (æ.». 2538)4 „π∑ÿ°ªïµ—Èß·µà 2544-2552 ·≈–®–‡ÀÁ π ‰¥â «à “ º≈∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ® “°°“√ µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (GHV) ®–¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“«‘∏’ ‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß (BAM ·≈– TEOM) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 0.01 ∑—Èß„π¿“æ√«¡µ—Èß·µà ªï 2544-2552 ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·¬°‡ªìπ
√“¬ªï °Á„Àâº≈‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ®“°°“√»÷°…“∂÷ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß·µà≈–§Ÿà º≈∑’‰Ë ¥â §◊Õ «‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥·∫∫ GHV, BAM ·≈– TEOM ¡’ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π·∫∫‡ âπµ√ß∑—Èß 3 «‘∏’ ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ·≈– √Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ´÷Ëß· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥∑—Èß 3 «‘∏’ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π·≈– “¡“√∂„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë µ√«®«—¥‰¥â¢Õß·µà≈–«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß (BAM ·≈– TEOM) ∑”𓬄À⇪ìπ«‘∏’°“√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (GHV) ‰¥â ‚¥¬¡’ ¡°“√§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏套ßπ’È
GHV = 1.4451 BAM, R2 = 0.38------------(1) ( ∂“π’‚™§™—¬ 4 ·≈– ∂“𒥑π·¥ß) GHV = 1.0534 TEOM, R2 = 0.64------------(2) ( ∂“𒥑π·¥ß) √Ÿª∑’Ë 1 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß GHV&BAM ¢Õß 2 ∂“π’
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß GHV&TEOM ¢Õß ∂“𒥑π·¥ß
96
‡¡…“¬π - ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2554
°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß°“√µ√«®«—¥ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß¢π“¥‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¡§√Õπ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Gravimetric, Beta-attenuation œ
2. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ GHV, BAM ·≈– TEOM °—∫ ªí®®—¬∑“ß Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ ß“π«‘®—¬π’ȉ¥â∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ¢Õß«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥∑—ßÈ 3 «‘∏’ °—∫ªí®®—¬Õÿµπÿ ¬‘ ¡«‘∑¬“ ‰¥â·°à °“√·ºà√—ß ’¢Õߥ«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å §«“¡°¥Õ“°“»
ª√‘¡“≥Ω𠧫“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ∑‘»∑“ß≈¡ ·≈–§«“¡‡√Á « ≈¡ ´÷Ë ß ∑”°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ¥â « ¬°“√ ∂¥∂Õ¬·∫∫æÀÿ§≥ Ÿ (Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) ‚¥¬„Àâ«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥·µà≈–«‘∏’ ‡ªì π µ— « ·ª√µ“¡ ·≈–ªí ® ®— ¬ Õÿ µÿ π‘ ¬ ¡«‘ ∑ ¬“‡ªì π µ—«·ª√µâπ º≈ª√“°Ø¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë 2
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ¡°“√§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥∑—Èß 3 «‘∏’ °—∫ ªí®®—¬Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ «‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ GHV 2 Stations Chokchai 4 Station Dindaeng Station BAM 2 Stations Chokchai 4 Station Dindaeng Station (2544 - ¡’.§.2548) TEOM 2 Stations Chokchai 4 Station Dindaeng Station (°.§. 2548-2552)
R2
Sig.
GHV= 185.814-0.101WD-1.005RH-0.177SR GHV= -1647.382-3.349 T-0.667RH+0.446P GHV= 180.408-0.869RH-0.119WD-0.122SR
0.271 0.229 0.254
0.01 0.01 0.01
BAM= 169.605-0.857RH-1.681T-0.06SR-0.031WD BAM= 193.62-3.616T-0.649RH BAM= 156.492-1.15RH-0.049WD-6.676WS-0.070SR
0.257 0.321 0.470
0.01 0.01 0.01
No Data No Data TEOM= -2533.952-0.169WD+3.627P-3.638T
0.397
0.01
¡°“√
®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 æ∫«à“ªí®®—¬Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ ∑’¡Ë º’ ≈µàÕ°“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß GHV ‰¥â·°à ∑‘»∑“ß≈¡, §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å·≈–°“√·ºà√—ß ’¢Õߥ«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ”À√—∫ BAM ªí®®—¬Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’Ë¡’º≈ ‰¥â·°à §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å, Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘, °“√·ºà√—ß ’¢Õߥ«ß Õ“∑‘µ¬å·≈–∑‘»∑“ß≈¡ „π¢≥–∑’Ëªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ TEOM ‰¥â·°à ∑‘»∑“ß≈¡, §«“¡°¥Õ“°“»·≈–
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ∑’Ë√–¥—∫π—¬ ”§—≠ 0.01 3. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥§«“¡‡¢â¡ ¢âπ¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) °—∫ ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ °“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’ȉ¥â∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) °—∫ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 3
THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH A p r i l - J u n e 2 0 1 1
97
∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √
PM10 concentrations (ug/m3)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥ °—∫ ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈
®“°√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß§«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å ¢ Õß ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) °—∫ ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈«à“„π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“«¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢ÕßΩÿÉπ ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) Ÿß°«à“„πƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ°—∫ƒ¥ŸΩπ∑’ˇªì𠇙àππ’ȇæ√“–„π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“« ¡’§«“¡°¥Õ“°“» Ÿß ¿“æÕ“°“»π‘Ëß ‰¡à‡Õ◊ÈÕµàÕ°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õß “√ ¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»®÷߇ªìπº≈∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ¢ÕßΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß (PM10) Ÿß°«à“ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈Õ◊Ëπ
«‘®“√≥å º≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√»÷°…“π’È æ∫«à“ §«“¡™◊Èπ „π∫√√¬“°“»¡’º≈µàÕ«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß GHV ·≈– BAM ·µà ® –‰¡à ¡’ º ≈µà Õ °“√µ√«®«— ¥ ‚¥¬ TEOM ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ√“– TEOM ¡’°“√„™â§«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ë Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 50 ÌC ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√‰≈àπÈ” §«“¡™◊Èπ·≈– “√∫“ßµ—«∑’ˇªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßΩÿÉπ PM10 ‡™àπ ´—≈‡øµ·≈–‰π‡µ√µ ‡ªìπµâπ ÕÕ°‰ª´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß °—∫ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß Soutar12 °—∫ Muir13 ∑’Ë„Àâº≈‡™à𠇥’¬«°—π πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß Price6 °—∫ Chang8 ∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“« π—∫ πÿπ‡Àµÿº≈π’ȉ«â¥â«¬«à“ §à“∑’˵√«®«—¥‰¥â‚¥¬ GHV °—∫ BAM ®–¡’§à“„°≈â 98
‡¡…“¬π - ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2554
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‡§’¬ß°—π‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å (RH) µË”°«à“®ÿ¥ À≈Õ¡≈–≈“¬ ·≈– GHV “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥πÈ”·≈–‡°‘¥ °“√√–‡À¬¢Õßæ«° “√°÷Ë ß √–‡À¬ ∫π°√–¥“… °√Õ߉¥â ®÷ß¡’º≈µàÕ§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß PM10 ∑’Ë Õà“π‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ߧ«√√–¡—¥√–«—ß∑’Ë®–„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¥â ®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥„π°“√√“¬ß“π‡√◊ËÕߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÕπ“¡—¬¢Õߪ√–™“™π14 ∂â“„π∫√√¬“°“»¡’ RH Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ®–∑”„ÀâÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßΩÿÉπ‡¡◊ËÕ√«¡ °—∫πÈ”„πÕ“°“»®–¡’º≈µàÕ§à“∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥ ¥â«¬ GHV ¡’§à“ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·≈– Ÿß°«à“ BAM °—∫ TEOM ‡æ√“–‡π◊ËÕß®“° BAM °—∫ TEOM ¡’ °“√„™â§«“¡√âÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ‰≈àπÈ” §«“¡™◊Èπ ·≈– “√°÷Ëß √–‡À¬ °Á¡°’ “√√–‡À¬ÕÕ°‰ª¥â«¬ ∑”„À⧓à ∑’ÕË “à π‰¥â πâÕ¬°«à“ GHV ´÷Ëßß“π«‘®—¬¢Õßµà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™àπ „πª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑’ˉ¥â§à“ CF ¢Õß TEOM ‡ªìπ 1.3 ·≈– BAM ‡ªìπ 1.07,10 π—Ëπ· ¥ß‡ªìππ—¬«à“ §à“∑’‰Ë ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥®“° TEOM µË”°«à“ BAM ‡æ√“–§à“ CF ¢Õß TEOM ¡“°°«à“ BAM „π ¢≥–∑’Ë¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°°“√»÷°…“π’Èæ∫«à“§à“ CF ¢Õß TEOM πâÕ¬°«à“ BAM ‚¥¬∑’Ë CF ¢Õß TEOM ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.05 à«π §à“ CF ¢Õß BAM ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.45
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‡π◊ËÕß®“°§à“ PM10 ∑’˵√«®«—¥‰¥â®“° TEOM ¡’ §à“¡“°°«à“ BAM ·≈–¡’§à“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ GHV ¡“°°«à“ BAM ∑—Èß„π¿“æ√«¡µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“ °“√»÷°…“ ·≈–·¬°‡ªìπ√“¬ªï ´÷Ëß„πß“π«‘®—¬π’È ¡’ ¢â Õ ®”°— ¥ ∑’Ë «à “ ¬— ß ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ∑”°“√»÷ ° …“„Àâ § √∫∑ÿ ° ∂“π’µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√·≈–µà“ß ®— ß À«— ¥ ®÷ ß ¬— ß ‰¡à “¡“√∂ √ÿ ª ‡Àµÿ º ≈¢Õß ‡Àµÿ°“√≥åπ’ȉ¥â ·≈–§‘¥«à“πà“®–¡’ªí®®—¬Õ◊Ëπ∑’ËπÕ° ‡Àπ◊Õ®“°°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’ȇ¢â“¡“‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß·≈– ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§à“∑’˵√«®«—¥‰¥â®“° BAM ¡’ §à“πâÕ¬°«à“ TEOM πÕ°®“°π’È§à“·°â∑’ˉ¥â®“° ß“π«‘®—¬π’Ȭ—ß¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’°“√«‘®—¬‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ °àÕπ𔉪„™â‡π◊ÕË ß®“°§à“ R2 ¢Õß GHV °—∫ BAM ¡’§à“µË”°«à“ 0.5
√ÿª §à“∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‰¥â‚¥¬«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (GHV) ¡’ §à “ Ÿ ß °«à “ «‘ ∏’ ‡ ∑’ ¬ ∫‡§’ ¬ ß (BAM, TEOM) ·≈–§à“·°â (Correction Factor : CF) ∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫ª√—∫·°â§à“∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ BAM „À⇪ìπ GHV ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 1.45 ·≈–§à“ ·°â∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫ª√—∫·°â§à“∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ TEOM „À⇪ìπ GHV ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 1.05 ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π°“√æ‘®“√≥“°“√π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‰ª„™â„π°“√√“¬ß“π §à“¢Õߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß PM10 ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√ µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß„À⇪ìπ«‘∏’Õâ“ßÕ‘ß §«√¡’ °“√„™â§à“·°â„π°“√ª√—∫·°â§à“°àÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡∂Ÿ° µâÕߢÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß·µà≈–«‘∏’ ´÷ËßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕßµâÕß∑”°“√»÷°…“Õ¬à“ß ®√‘ ß ®— ß ‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡ªì π §à “ ·°â ∑’Ë “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â ”À√— ∫ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â πÕ°®“°π’§È “à ∑’‰Ë ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥ PM10 „π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“«®–¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“ƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ°—∫ƒ¥Ÿ Ωπ ·≈–∑‘ » ∑“ß≈¡‡ªì π ªí ® ®— ¬ Õÿ µÿ π‘ ¬ ¡«‘ ∑ ¬“∑’Ë ”§— ≠ „π°“√µ√«®«— ¥ §«“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π ¢Õß PM 10
”À√—∫∑ÿ°«‘∏’°“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬∑’˧«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß TEOM ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ GHV ·≈– BAM ¥—ßπ—Èπ„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°“√ µ√«®«—¥ PM10 ®÷ߧ«√π”Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßπÈ”À√◊Õ § « “ ¡ ™◊È π „ π ∫ √ √ ¬ “ ° “ » · ≈ – ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑ “ ß Õÿ µÿ π‘ ¬ ¡«‘ ∑ ¬“¡“æ‘ ® “√≥“√à « ¡¥â « ¬‡æ◊Ë Õ °“√ «‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®–‰¥â‡ªìπ‰ª„π∑‘»∑“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·¡à𬔠¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–„π°“√«‘®—¬§√—ÈßµàÕ‰ª 1. §«√¡’°“√»÷°…“ªí®®—¬Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ°“√ µ√«®«—¥¢Õß BAM °—∫ TEOM ∑’Ë„Àâº≈°“√ µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π·≈–À“ “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§à“®“° °“√µ√«®«—¥‚¥¬ TEOM Ÿß°«à“ BAM ·≈–¬—ß¡’ §à“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ GHV ¡“°°«à“ BAM 2. §«√∑”°“√»÷ ° …“‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑“ßÕÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥¢Õß°√¡ Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“°—∫°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…«à“¡’º≈µàÕ°“√ µ√«®«—¥ PM10 ¢Õß·µà≈–«‘∏’·µ°µà“ß°—πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√ ·≈–§«√„™â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“¢ÕßÀπ૬ ß“π„¥∂÷ß¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡µàÕ°“√«‘‡§√“–À姓à PM10
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» °“√»÷ ° …“«‘ ®— ¬ §√—È ß π’È ”‡√Á ® ‰¥â ¥â « ¬§«“¡ °√ÿ≥“ ·≈–™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°∫ÿ§§≈·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕßÀ≈“¬ΩÉ“¬ ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…∑ÿ°∑à“π∑’Ë„À⧫“¡Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå ·≈–Õ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑”«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È ·≈–°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬π’ȇªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ ∑ÿπÕÿ¥Àπÿπ°“√∑”«‘®—¬®“°À≈—° Ÿµ√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√ ¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“«‘™“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√∫√‘À“√ ‘Ëß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡ (¿“§æ‘ ‡ »…) §≥– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡·≈– ∑√—欓°√»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈
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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, ”π—°®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»·≈–‡ ’¬ß. ∂“π°“√≥å·≈–°“√®—¥°“√ªí≠À“¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»·≈–‡ ’¬ß ªï 2550. °√ÿ߇∑æœ;2550. 2. Polichetti G, Cocco S, Spinali A, Trimarco V and Nunziata A. Effects of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 PM1 ) on the cardiovascular system. Toxicology 2009 June;261(1-2): 1-8. 3. ”π—° ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡, °Õß®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»·≈–‡ ’¬ß. √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å§≥ ÿ ¿“æÕ“°“»·≈–‡ ’¬ß°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ 2550. °√ÿ߇∑æœ; 2552. 4. §≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘. ª√–°“»§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 10 (æ.». 2538) ÕÕ°µ“¡ §«“¡„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2535 ‡√◊ËÕß °”Àπ¥ ¡“µ√∞“π§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»„π∫√√¬“°“»∑—Ë«‰ª. ª√–°“»„π√“™°‘®®“πÿ‡∫°…“ ‡≈à¡ 112 µÕπ∑’Ë 42 ß Àπâ“ 89-93 «—π∑’Ë 25 情¿“§¡ 2538. 5. U.S.EPA.AIRTrends 1995 Summary: Particulate Matter (PM10)[Online]1995: Available from: URL:http:/ /www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/aqtrnd95/pm10.html.[access 2009 August 29]. 6. Price M, Bulpitt S and Meyer MB. A comparison of PM10 monitors at a Kerbside site in the northeast of England. Atmospheric Environmental 2003 October;37(31): 4425-34. 7. Charron A, Harrison RM, Moorcroft S and Booker J. Quantitative interpretation of divergence between PM10 and PM2.5 mass measurement by TEOM and gravimetric (Partisol) instruments. Atmospheric Environmental 2004 January;38(3): 415-23. 8. Chang CT, Tsai CJ, Lee CT, Chang SY, Cheng MT and Chein HM. Differences in PM10 concentrations measured by beta-gauge monitor and hi-vol sampler. Atmospheric Environmental 2001 November;35(33): 5741-8. 9. Hauck H, Berner A, Gomiscek B, Stopper S, Puxbaum H, Kundi M, et al. On the equivalence of gravimetric PM data with TEOM and beta-attenuation measurements. Aerosol Science 2004 September;35(9): 1135-49. 10. Green DC, Fuller G and Barratt B. Evaluation of TEOMTM çcorrection factorsé for assessing the EU Stage 1 limit values for PM10. Atmospheric Environmental 2001 May;35(14): 2589-93. 11. ¿‘√µ“ ‡®√‘≠º≈. §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏凙‘ߪ√‘¡“≥·≈–«‘∏°’ “√µ√«®«—¥¢ÕßΩÿπÉ ≈–ÕÕß√«¡·≈–ΩÿπÉ ∑’¡Ë ¢’ 𓥇≈Á°°«à“ 10 ‰¡§√Õπ «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√∫√‘À“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫—≥±‘µ «‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈, 2548. 12. Soutar A, Watt M, Cherrie JW and Seaton A. Comparison between a personal PM10 sampling head and the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) system. Atmospheric Environmental 1999 November;33(27): 4373-7. 13. Muir D. New Directions: The suitability of tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) for PM10 monitoring in Europe. Atmospheric Environmental 2000 December;34(19): 3209-11. 14. Takahashi K, Minoura H and Sakamoto K. Examination of discrepancies between beta-attenuation and gravimetric methods for the monitoring of particulate matter. Atmospheric Environmental 2008 July;42(21): 5232-40. HEALTH
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