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®®ÿ∫—π °“√∑”Õ–‰√ —°Õ¬à“߇æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ π—∫‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’ ·≈–πà“ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ ·µà°“√ ¥◊Ë¡‰«πå‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ Õ“®‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß°—ߢ“ ”À√—∫§πÕ’°À≈“¬°≈ÿà¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰«πå ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë¡’ alcohol ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ ‡À≈â“ ·≈–‡∫’¬√å ¡—° àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ„π ∑“ß≈∫¡“°°«à“∑“ß∫«° ·µà alcohol ∑’ˇ°‘¥ ®“°°“√À¡—°¢Õߺ≈Õßÿàπ ·≈– ‘Ëß∑’˪√“°Ø„π‰«πå ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘摇»…∑’Ëπà“ π„® ∑’Ë¡’º≈¥’µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ Ω√—Ë߇» ‡ªìπª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’°“√º≈‘µ‰«πå™—Èπ¥’‡æ◊ËÕ àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π ª√–™“°√ „πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’°“√º≈‘µ‰«πå °Á¡—°π‘¬¡¥◊Ë¡‰«π凪ìπ ª√–®” ®“°°“√ ”√«®æ∫«à“ §π„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ëπ’È¡’Õ“¬ÿ ¬◊𬓫°«à“§π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ∑—ÈßÊ ∑’˪√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡ π’È√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’‰¢¡—π —µ«å Ÿß°Áµ“¡ ´÷ËߥŸ ‡À¡◊Õπ®–‡ªìπ°“√ «π∑“ß°—∫·π«§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å „π‡√◊ËÕßÕ“À“√·≈– ÿ¢¿“æ ®π ‡ªìπ∑’Ë¡“¢Õߧ”«à“ French paradox1 French paradox À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√∑’˧π Ω√—Ë߇» ¡’Õ—µ√“µ“¬¥â«¬‚√§À—«„®µË” ·∂¡¬—ß ¡’ Õ “¬ÿ ¬◊ 𠬓« ∑—È ß Ê ∑’Ë √— ∫ ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√∑’Ë ¡’ ‰¢¡—πÕ‘Ë¡µ—« Ÿß ‰¥â¡’°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“‡©≈’ˬ„π °“√∫√‘‚¿§‰¢¡—π™π‘¥Õ‘Ë¡µ—« (Saturated fat) √–À«à“ߧπΩ√—Ë߇» °—∫§πÕ‡¡√‘°—π æ∫«à“§π Ω√—Ë߇» √—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’‰¢¡—π Ÿß°«à“ ·µà ªÉ«¬¥â«¬‚√§À—«„®πâÕ¬°«à“§πÕ‡¡√‘°—πª√–¡“≥

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Resveratrol ·≈– Flavonoids πÕ°®“° Resveratrol ·≈â« ¬—ß¡’ Flavonoids ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡ªìπ antioxidant ‰¥â‡™àπ °—π “√ª√–°Õ∫π’Èæ∫∑’ˇª≈◊Õ°À√◊Õº‘«¢Õߺ≈‰¡â À≈“¬™π‘¥ √«¡∑—Èß∑’˺‘«¢Õߺ≈Õßÿàπ·¥ß∑’Ë„™âº≈‘µ ‰«πå·¥ß5 ‡¡◊Ë Õ π”‰«πå · ¥ß¡“®”·π°¥Ÿ ®–æ∫ “√ª√–°Õ∫∑“߇§¡’À≈“¬√âÕ¬™π‘¥∑’Ë∑”„À≫πå ·¥ß¡’°≈‘Ëπ ’ ·≈–√ ™“¥·µ°µà“ß°—π à«π∑’ˇªìπ alcohol §◊Õ “√ª√–°Õ∫®”æ«° Phenol ·≈– Polyphenols ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√À¡—° “¡“√∂®”·π° ‡ªìπ 2 æ«° §◊Õ Flavonoids ·≈–æ«°∑’ˉ¡à„™à Flavonoids µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß “√ª√–°Õ∫∑’‡Ë ªìπ Flavonoids ‰¥â·°à Proanthocyanidins (√«¡∑—Èß Procyanidins) ·≈– Tannin à«πæ«°∑’ˉ¡à„™à Flavonoids À√◊Õ non-flavonoids °Á¡’À≈“¬µ—« ∑’ Ë ”§—≠‰¥â·°à Resveratrol „π‰«πå·¥ß à«π„À≠à (90%) Õ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª¢Õß Flavonoids6 ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß Flovanoids Õ“®·µ°µà“߉ªµ“¡æ◊Èπ∑’ˇ擖ª≈Ÿ° ¢Õß·µà≈–·Ààß ‡™à𠉫πå·¥ß ∑’˺≈‘µ®“°Õßÿàπæ—π∏ÿå tannat ∑’˪≈Ÿ°„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑“ß¿“§µ–«—πµ°‡©’¬ß„µâ ¢ÕßΩ√—Ë߇» æ∫ “√ª√–°Õ∫ Procyanidins „π º≈Õßÿπà ∑’„Ë ™â∑”‰«πå¡“°°«à“Õßÿπà ®“°æ◊πÈ ∑’ÕË π◊Ë ®“° °“√ ”√«®„π‡√◊ËÕß ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õߪ√–™“°√ æ∫«à“ §π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‰«πå∑’˺≈‘µ¡“®“°¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§·∂∫π’È ¡’Õ“¬ÿ ¬◊ππ“π¡“°°«à“ª√–™“°√„π∑’ËÕ◊ËπÊ7 ¡’º Ÿâ π„®»÷°…“‡√◊ÕË ß “√ª√–°Õ∫∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“ Flavonoids „π°“√∑”Àπâ“∑’‡Ë ªìπ antioxidant „π ‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡ ◊ÕË ¡ ≈“¬¢Õß collagen ·≈– elastin ´÷Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑’ˬ÷¥‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ„Àâ§ß ¿“æ º‘«Àπ—ß®–¥Ÿ ¥™◊Ëπ ‰¡à‡À’ˬ«¬àπ ´÷ËߥŸ‡À¡◊Õπ®–

π—∫ πÿπ∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß°“√¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊π‰¡à¥Ÿ·°àßà“¬Õ’° ∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß8 πÕ°®“°§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’ˇªìπ antioxidant ¢Õß flavonoids „π‰«πå · ¥ß·≈â « ¬— ß æ∫ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß Flavonoids ∑’ˇªìπ antibacterial Õ’°¥â«¬ §◊Õ ∑”Àπâ“∑’ËÀ¬ÿ¥¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ ¢Õ߇™◊ÕÈ bacteria ‡™àπ Staphylococcus aureus9 ‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√Õ—°‡ ∫∑’Ë·º≈ ‡ªìπµâπ ¡’ Õ’ ° ‘Ë ß Àπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π — ≠ ≠“≥∫à ß ∫Õ°∂÷ ß Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§™√“ π—Ëπ§◊Õ Õ“°“√À≈ßÊ ≈◊¡Ê ´÷Ëß ∂Ⓣ¡àÀ“∑“ߪÑÕß°—π·µà‡π‘ËπÊ °ÁÕ“®®–‡ªìπ‚√§ Alzheimer µàÕ¡“¿“¬À≈—߉¥â “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√ ‡°‘¥‚√§§«“¡®”‡ ◊ËÕ¡ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß ‡°‘¥®“°°“√ – ¡¢Õß Beta-amyloid protein ·≈–√«¡µ—« ‡ªìπ·ºàπ∫“ßÊ „π ¡Õß ‰ª¢—¥¢«“ß°“√∑”ß“π ¢Õß√–∫∫ª√– “∑ ¡’º≈«‘®—¬®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—UCLA √à«¡°—∫ Mt.Sinai School of Medicine ∑’Ë New York æ∫«à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß Polyphenols ∑’˪√“°Ø„π‰«πå·¥ß “¡“√∂‰ª¢—¥¢«“ß °“√√«¡µ—«¢Õß Beta-amyloid protein „π ¡Õ߉¥â 10 ¥—ßπ—È𠉫π工߮÷ßπà“®–¡’ª√–‚¬™πå „π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ Alzheimer

√ ™“¥¢Õß Alcohol „π‰«πå·¥ß °“√¥◊Ë¡‰«πå·¥ß ∂â“®–‡ª√’¬∫°—∫°“√¥◊Ë¡ alcohol ‡™àπ ‡À≈â“·≈–‡∫’¬√å·≈â« Alcohol ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà „π‰«πå·¥ß ®–¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘·µ°µà“ß°«à“ °≈à“«§◊Õ Alcohol ª√–‡¿∑ Polyphenols ∑’Ë¡“®“° Tannin ‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ Ethanol ∑’¡Ë Õ’ ¬Ÿ„à π‡À≈â“·≈–‡∫’¬√å ·µà¢âÕ¥’¢Õß polyphenols „π tannin §◊Õ ∑” Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ antioxidant ‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ °“√∑’ˉ«πå¡’√ Ω“¥ ‡ªìπº≈‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“° à«π∑’ˇªìπ tannin Õ“®®–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‰¥â®“° °“√¥◊Ë¡πÈ”™“ ∑’˙߷°à À√◊Õ°“√°‘πº≈Õßÿàπ·≈â« ‡§’Ȭ«‡¡≈Á¥Õßÿàπ‰ª¥â«¬ Õ—π∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â« tannin æ∫

THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

January - March 2012

39

∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª „π‡ª≈◊Õ°À√◊Õº‘« ‡¡≈Á¥ ·≈–°â“π¢ÕßÕßÿàπ ·≈– „π™à«ßÀ¡—°„π∂—߉¡â‚Õä° °Á®–‰¥â√ ™“¥¢Õß tannin ®“°‰¡â‚Õ䰥⫬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ √ ™“¥∑’ËÕ√àÕ¬¢Õß ‰«πå°ÁÕ¬Ÿà∑’˧ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß tannin ‡ªì𠔧—≠ ·µà °“√§«∫§ÿ¡ tannin ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‰«πå ‡ªìπ‡∑§π‘§∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß‚√ßß“πº≈‘µ‰«πå·µà≈–·Ààß ‡æ√“–®– µâÕ߉¡à„Àâ¡’ tannin ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª ¢âÕ·µ°µà“ß„π °“√º≈‘µ‰«π墓« ·≈–‰«πå·¥ß °Á‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ °“√§«∫§ÿ¡√–¥—∫¢Õß tannin ‡™àπ°—π °“√À¡—° ‰«πå·¥ß ®–„™â‡«≈“π“π°«à“ ·≈–‡¢â¡¢âπ°«à“°“√ À¡—°‰«π墓« §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õ߉«πå·¥ß à«πÀπ÷Ëß ®– ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫Õ“¬ÿ¢Õß tannin ¥â«¬ ‰«πå·¥ß∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ tannin µ—Èß·µà 2-3 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª √ Ω“¥®–≈¥≈ß ®π √Ÿâ ÷°∂÷ߧ«“¡·µ°µà“߉¥â Tannin ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ∑’Ë¡“®“°§”«à“ tanna ´÷Ëß ‡ªìπ¿“…“‡¬Õ√¡—π∑’ˇ°à“·°à ∑’Ë„™â‡√’¬°µâπ‚Õä° (oak) ‡ª≈◊Õ°¢Õßµâπ‚Õä°∂Ÿ°π”¡“„™â„π°“√øÕ° Àπ—ß —µ«å (tanning) Tannin ‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫ ®”æ«° Polyphenols ´÷ßË ®–· ¥ß§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ∑‘ ‡’Ë ªìπ antioxidant §◊Õ ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ oxidation ¿“¬„π‡´≈‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡°‘¥ oxidation ¡’º≈∑”„À⇰‘¥Õπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– (Free radicals) ®”π«π¡“° ‡ªìπªØ‘°‘√‘¬“≈Ÿ°‚´à∑’Ë àߺ≈„À⇴≈∂Ÿ° ∑”≈“¬ ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ∫∑∫“∑¢Õß tannin ´÷Ëß ‡ªìπ antioxidant ®–‰ª≈¥®”π«π°“√‡°‘¥ Free radical ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ Õ∏‘∫“¬‡Àµÿº≈∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ °“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§À—«„® ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√∑”≈“¬‡´≈ ¢Õߺπ— ß À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ·≈–¡’ ‰ ¢¡— 𠉪 – ¡∑’Ë ∫√‘‡«≥¥—ß°≈à“« Õ—π‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß°“√Õÿ¥µ—π ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‡≈’ȬßÀ—«„® (Coronary heart disease) °“√¥◊Ë¡‰«πå„π¢π“¥æÕ¥’ §◊Õ ª√–¡“≥ «—π≈–‰¡à‡°‘π 2 ·°â« ”À√—∫§π ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ´÷ßË metabolic rate „π√à “ ß°“¬≈¥≈ß ®–¡’ à « π‰ª 40

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∑—È ß °“√∑”º≈‰¡â · Àâ ß ¢“¬ ¢≥–º≈‘ µ ‰«πå “√ª√–°Õ∫π’‡È °‘¥¢÷πÈ ¡“‰¥â‡Õß®“°°“√À¡—°‚¥¬„™â yeast ·≈–Õ’° à«πÀπ÷Ë߉¥â¡“®“° sulfites ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° ‡µ‘¡≈ß„π‰«πå‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºŸâº≈‘µ ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß sulfites „π‰«πå∑¢’Ë “¬„π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‚¥¬∑—«Ë ʉª ®–¡’ª√–¡“≥ 80 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ „πª√–‡∑»Õ◊ËπÊ Õ“®¡’¡“°°«à“π’‡È ≈Á°πâÕ¬ „πÕßÿπà ¢“«®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥ sulfites §àÕπ¢â“ß¡“°°«à“Õßÿàπ·¥ß ·µà°Á¬—߉¡à¡’ √“¬ß“π∑’Ë·πà™—¥«à“ sulfites ∑—È߉«π墓«·≈–‰«πå ·¥ß ®–‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√¡÷πÀ—« ‡§¡’ºŸâ»÷°…“«‘®—¬„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È°—∫ºŸâ¥◊Ë¡‰«πå ∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√·æâ À√◊Õ ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‰¥â‰« (sensitive) µàÕ sulfites ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§π∑’‡Ë ªìπ‚√§À◊¥ÀÕ∫ (asthma) æ∫«à“ ºŸâ ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ “°“√·æâ ® –µâ Õ ß¥◊Ë ¡ ‰«πå ∑’Ë ¡’ ª √‘ ¡ “≥¢Õß sulfites ∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π Ÿ ß ¡“°∂÷ ß 300 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√12 ¥—ßπ—Èπ Õ“°“√¡÷πÀ—«¿“¬À≈—ß ®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡‰«πå ‰¡àπà“®–¡“®“° sulfites ¡’ºŸâ ·π–π”«à “ ∂â “ Õ¬“°∑¥ Õ∫«à “ µ— « ‡√“·æâ µà Õ sulfites À√◊Õ‰¡à °Á≈Õß∑“πº≈‰¡â·Àâß ‡™àπ apricot ®”π«π 5 ≈Ÿ° ´÷Ëß¡’ª√‘¡“≥ sulfites ¡“° °«à“¥◊Ë¡‰«πå 1 ·°â« ∂Ⓣ¡à¡’Õ“°“√ª√“°Ø Õ“°“√ ·æâ®÷ßπà“®–¡’¡“®“° “‡ÀµÿÕ◊ËπÊ Histamines ‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë¡’º≈ µàÕ°“√¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß ·≈–‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ ¢ÕßÕ“°“√ª«¥À—« „πª√–™“°√ à«ππâÕ¬∫“ß°≈ÿ¡à Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ histamines Ÿß ¡—°¡“®“°Õ“À“√∑’Ë ºà“π°“√À¡—° ‡™àπ ‡π¬·¢Áß ·≈–‰«πå·¥ß ¥—ßπ—Èπ ¡’À≈“¬§π¡—°µ—ÈߢâÕ ß —¬«à“ Histamines ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà „π‰«πå·¥ß Õ“®‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥Õ“°“√ ª«¥À—«‰¥â ®“°°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬À≈“¬ ”π—° ¬—߉¡à “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â·πà™¥— «à“ histamine ®“°‰«πå·¥ß À√◊Õ “√ª√–°Õ∫µ—«Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π‰«π凪ì𠓇Àµÿ ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√ª«¥À—«13 ¡’ºŸâ·π–π”«‘∏’ ∑¥ Õ∫Õ“°“√ª«¥À—««à“ ¡’ “‡Àµÿ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√

¥◊Ë¡‰«πåÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‚¥¬≈Õߥ◊Ë¡™“¥”°àÕπ∑’Ë®–¥◊Ë¡‰«πå ‡æ√“–™“¥”¡’ “√ª√–°Õ∫ Quercitin ´÷Ëß∑” Àπâ“∑’˧≈⓬ antihistamine ´÷ËߪÑÕß°—π histamines ∑’Ë¡’„π‰«π剥⠥—ßπ—Èπ ∂â“¥◊Ë¡™“¥”°àÕπ°“√ ¥◊¡Ë ‰«πå·≈⫉¡à¡π÷ À—« °ÁÕ“® —ππ‘…∞“π‰¥â«“à “‡Àµÿ °“√ª«¥À—«¡“®“° histamines Tannins ‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫®”æ«° Polyphenols ∑’Ë¡“®“°‡ª≈◊Õ°À√◊Õº‘«¢ÕßÕßÿàπ „π¢—πÈ µÕπ°“√À¡—° ¡’ «à πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß Non-flavonoids ∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ resveratrol ´÷Ëß¡’º≈¥’µàÕ √à“ß°“¬„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß antioxidant ·µàº≈°“√ «‘®—¬„π‡√◊ËÕߺ≈‡ ’¬¢Õß tannin µàÕ√à“ß°“¬„π ‡√◊ËÕßÕ“°“√ª«¥À—« (migraine) ‰¡à§àÕ¬ª√“°Ø ¡“°π—° ·µàµ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°µ«à“ Õ“°“√ª«¥À—«Õ“® ¡’ “‡Àµÿ·∫∫‡¥’¬«°—∫√à“ß°“¬¡’√–¥—∫ serotonin ≈¥≈ß ‡æ√“– tannin ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√√«¡µ—« °—∫Õ“À“√®”æ«° protein ·≈– carbohydrates ∑’Ë°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√‰¥â¥’ ∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√ ∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬§«√®–‰¥â√—∫≈¥≈ß Õ“°“√∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®÷ß ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫§π∑’Ë¢“¥Õ“À“√‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π ∑”„Àâ ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬µâÕß„™â„π°“√º≈‘µ serotonin ®–≈¥≈߉ª¥â«¬ Õ“°“√ª«¥À—«·∫∫ migraine ®÷߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â 14 ´÷Ë ß √–¥— ∫ °“√‡°‘ ¥ Õ“°“√ª«¥À—«‡π◊ÕË ß®“° tannin À√◊Õ tannin sensitivity Õ“®®–√ÿπ·√߉¡à‡∑à“°—π„π·µà≈–∫ÿ§§≈ ¡—°‡°‘¥√ÿπ·√ß¡“°¢÷Èπ°—∫ºŸâ∑’Ë·æâ “√ tannin „πºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ”À√—∫§π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‰«π凪ìπª√–®”®π‡°‘¥ §«“¡‡§¬™‘π ¡—°‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√¥—ß°≈à“« Alcohol à«π ”§—≠„π‰«πå ∑’ËÕ“® ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√¡÷π·≈–ª«¥À—«‰¥â ‰«πå·µ°µà“ß°—π¡“°¡“¬À≈“¬™π‘¥ ®”π«π alcohol ∑’Ë«—¥ª√‘¡“≥¥â«¬ % alcohol by volume ¡’·µ°µà“ß°—πµ—Èß·µà 4-7% „π‰«πå∑—Ë«‰ª ®π∂÷ß 14% „π Cabernet ·≈– Pinot Noir ®π∂÷ß 20%

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∫ ∑ § « “ ¡ ∑—Ë « ‰ ª „π Port wine ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß alcohol „π‡∫’¬√å·≈â« ¡’·§à 5% ‡∑à“π—πÈ (‡™àπ ‡∫’¬√å ‘ßÀå ·≈– Heineken) ·µà°“√∑’ˉ«πå¡’ª√‘¡“≥ alcohol Ÿß°«à“‡∫’¬√å °Á‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“®–¡’ º≈∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√¡÷π ·≈–ª«¥À—« ‰¥â¡“°°«à“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°«à“ ‰«π工ߡ’√“§“·æß §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß alcohol ∑’Ë∑”¡“®“°Õßÿàπ °Á®–·µ°µà“ß°—∫ alcohol ∑’Ë¡“®“°¢â“«¡Õ≈∑å ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑”‡∫’¬√å À√◊Õ ∂â“®–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ alcohol ®“° Vodka ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡ ¥◊Ë¡„π√— ‡´’¬ °—∫ alcohol „π‡À≈â“¢“« À√◊Õ ‡À≈â“‚√ß∑’Ëπ‘¬¡¥◊Ë¡„π™π∫∑∫â“π‡√“ °Áπà“®–æ∫ ¢âÕ·µ°µà“ß„π‡√◊ËÕßÕ“°“√¡÷π À√◊Õ ª«¥À—«∑’ˇ°‘¥ ®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡‰¥â ¢âÕ —߇°µÕ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ §π ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡¥◊Ë¡‰«πå¡—°®–¥◊Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ√ ™“¥¢Õ߉«πå ·≈– ®‘∫Õ¬à“ß™â“Ê ®÷ߥ◊¡Ë ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬°«à“§π∑’¥Ë ¡◊Ë ‡∫’¬√å ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß alcohol ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥ Õ“°“√¡÷π‡¡“¢Õߧπ∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‰«πå ¡—°®–ª√“°Ø πâÕ¬°«à“§π∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡∫’¬√å À√◊Õ‡À≈â“ ®“°‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë °≈à“«¡“π’ÈæÕ®– √ÿª‰¥â«à“ Õ“°“√¡÷πÀ—« À√◊Õ ª«¥À—« ®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡ alcohol ∑’Ë¡“®“°‰«πå °Á¡’ ∑“߇ªìπ‰ª‰¥âµÕà ‡¡◊ÕË ¥◊¡Ë ‡°‘π°«à“¢π“¥∑’æË Õ‡À¡“– §◊Õ ¡“°°«à“ 1 À√◊Õ 2 ·°â«¢÷Èπ‰ª

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ºŸâ Ÿ ß Õ“¬ÿ °“√≈¥§«“¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ß„π°“√‡°‘ ¥ ‚√§ Alzheimer °“√∑”Àπâ“∑’‡Ë ªìπ antibacterial ·≈– °“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï ¢ Õß alcohol ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà „ π√Ÿ ª ¢Õß Polyphenols Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °Á¡’‡Àµÿº≈„π‡™‘ß≈∫ ∑’‰Ë ¡à π—∫ πÿπ°“√¥◊¡Ë ‰«πå‡æ√“–Õ“®‡°‘¥Õ“°“√¡÷π ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “√ª√–°Õ∫ sulfites, histamines, tannins ·≈– alcohol ·¡â«à“®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥¢÷È𠉥â„π°≈ÿࡧπ à«ππâÕ¬°Áµ“¡ πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’¢âÕ ß —¬‡√◊ËÕߪ√‘¡“≥ resveratrol À√◊Õ flavonoids ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡·°â«‰«πå·µà≈–§√—Èßπ—Èπ ®–‡æ’¬ß æÕ∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ resveratrol À√◊Õ flavonoids · ¥ßº≈‰¥â ™— ¥ ‡®π‰¥â À √◊ Õ ‰¡à Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πª√–‡∑»Ω√—Ë߇» ∑’Ë ‡√’¬°«à“ French Paradox ∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ欓¬“¡«‘®—·≈–À“§”µÕ∫∑’ˇªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫ °Á¬—߉¡à “¡“√∂∑’Ë ®–∑”‡ªìπ¢âÕ √ÿª‰¥â®π∂÷ß∑ÿ°«—ππ’È ‘Ëß∑’Ëπ—°«‘®—¬æÕ∑’Ë®– √ÿª‰¥â„π¢≥–π’È „π ‡√◊ËÕ߇°’ˬ«°—∫°“√¥◊Ë¡‰«πå‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ °Á§◊Õ°“√ ¥◊Ë¡‰«πå„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ËæÕ‡À¡“– À√◊Õ∂â“®–„™â§”查 ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß°Á§◊Õ ®‘∫‰«πå«—π≈– 1 À√◊Õ 2 ·°â« (1 ·°â«‰«πå = 148 ¡≈. À√◊Õª√–¡“≥‰¡à‡°‘π 300 ¡≈./«—π) πà“®–‡ªìπº≈¥’µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ‡æ√“–º≈ ‡ ’¬„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√¥◊Ë¡‰«πå ‰¡à‰¥â¡’ºŸâÀ¬‘∫¬°¡“ ‡ªìπª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠ ¬°‡«âπ„π°√≥’∑¥’Ë ¡◊Ë ¡“°°«à“ 2 ·°â«/«—π ®÷ß®–‡√‘Ë¡¡’º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ¥—ßπ—Èπ §π ∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‰«πå ®–µâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ßÕߧåª√–°Õ∫Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“° alcohol π—Ëπ§◊Õ √ ™“¥ °≈‘Ëπ ’ √«¡‰ª∂÷ ß ‡«≈“ ∂“π∑’Ë ·≈–§π∑’Ë √à « ¡√— ∫ ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√¥â « ¬ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫∑’Ë ”§—≠„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√¥◊Ë¡‰«πå‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ

¥◊¡Ë ‰«πå‡æ◊ÕË ÿ¢¿“æ

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. Simini B. Serge Renaud: from French paradox to Cretan miracle. The Lancet. 2000; 355 (9197): 48.

2. The French paradox: is drinking red wine good for you? [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2012 Mar 1].

Available from: http://www.resveratrolbenefits.com/french-paradox.html 3. German JB, Walzem RL. The health benefits of wine. Annu Rev Nutr. 2000; 20:561-593.

4. Franz M. Merlot's Bad Press. Washington Post [Internet]. 2005 May 4 [cited 2012 Mar 1]; Available from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/03/ AR2005050300419_pf.html 5. Lotito SB, Frei B. Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon?. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2006; 41(12): 1727-46.

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