การประเมินคุณภาพอากาศในสถานบันเทิงดิสโกเธค เขตเทศบาลนครพิษณุโลก

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The assessment of indoor air quality in discotheques, Phisanuloke City Municipality Area.

Virat Prawantao Kobchock Wuttichodwanitkit Setha Sutapreeda The Office of Disease Prevention and Control 9th Phitsanulok Province.

Somchai Pethamphai Sanya keeratiwasee The Phitsanulok Provincial Public Health Office.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess indoor air quality in discotheque based on location, service days and service times. The discotheque sample consist of 3 enterprise that located (1) inside the hotel (2) outside the hotel (3)underground of the hotel. The questionnaire and the direct reading instruments MIRAN IBX infrared spectrophotometer and the Indoor Air IQ 410 probe were used for measuring in June 2007 by using the consecutive samples for partial period method, for six hours. Descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. The mean of indoor air quality parameters were found to be as follows : temperature 25.030C, humidity 57.63 %,carbondioxide 1680.77 ppm, carbon monoxide 8.4 ppm,acetaldehyde 7.41 ppm,ammonia 0.7 ppm,formaldehyde 1.5 ppm and carbondisulfide 5.05 ppm. All of the parameters were less than legal standard level. The mean values of the parameters were statistically different in various places, days, and times of service (p-value < 0.05). The mean values of the parameters were significantly different when tested one by one. Both temperature and humidity, when whole groups (places, days, and times of service) were tested, were found to be no statistically significant (p-value > 0.05).There were no statistically significant for both acetaldehyde and ammonia, but the mean concentration of formaldehyde and carbondisufide were statistically different only in place (p-value < 0.05).When the factors were compared by pair using Post Hoc Tests, all parameters were statistically significant except temperatures at 8.00-10.00 PM. and 10.00-12.00 PM., humidity on Monday and Friday, Wednesday and Monday, time between 8.00-10.00 PM. and 10.00-12.00 PM., carbonmonoxide on Monday and Wednesday, time 8.00-10.00 PM. and 12.00-02.00 AM., formaldehyde and carbondisulfide.

Keyword : indoor air quality, entertainment place, discotheque, multivariate analysis

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“‡©≈’¬Ë §ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»(Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡,‘ §«“¡™◊πÈ ,CO2,CO) µ“¡ ∂“π∑’µË ß—È «—π ·≈–‡«≈“„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«πæÀÿ(Multivariate Analysis of Variance : MANOVA) Effect

∂‘µ‘∑¥ Õ∫

Intercept Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root ∂“π∑’Ë Pillai's Trace ·≈–«—π Wilks' Lambda ∫√‘°“√ Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root ∂“π∑’Ë·≈– Pillai's Trace ‡«≈“∫√‘°“√ Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root «—π∫√‘°“√ Pillai's Trace ·≈– Wilks' Lambda ‡«≈“∫√‘°“√ Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root ∂“π∑’Ë·≈– Pillai's Trace «—π∫√‘°“√ Wilks' Lambda ·≈– Hotelling's Trace ‡«≈“∫√‘°“√ Roy's Largest Root

Value

F

.997 .003 346.424 346.424 1.507 .103 3.783 1.967 .921 .307 1.580 1.033 1.102 .227 2.096 1.288 .587 .493 .868 .629

15848.883(a) 15848.883(a) 15848.883(a) 15848.883(a) 28.105 38.720 42.909 91.446(b) 20.481 22.745 23.915 47.768(b) 26.852 30.292 31.732 59.562(b) 8.001 9.106 9.847 29.255(b)

(p-value < 0.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) ∑¥ Õ∫§à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ √“¬æ“√“¡‘ ‡ µÕ√å ‰ ¥â · °à Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘/§«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å/§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å µ“¡ªí®®—¬µà“ßÊ „π ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π ·≈–‡«≈“∫√‘°“√‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡

122 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2555 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬

à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

Hypothesis df Error df 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 16.000 16.000 16.000 4.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 4.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 4.000 16.000 16.000 16.000 4.000

183.000 183.000 183.000 183.000 744.000 559.712 726.000 186.000 555.000 484.464 545.000 185.000 555.000 484.464 545.000 185.000 744.000 559.712 726.000 186.000

Sig. .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

·ª√ª√«πæÀÿ æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’𗔧—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘(p-value < 0.05)¬°‡«âπ§à“ ‡©≈’¬Ë Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈–§«“¡™◊πÈ ∑¥ Õ∫æ√âÕ¡°—π √«¡ ∑ÿ°°≈ÿ¡à ªí®®—¬®–‰¡à¡§’ «“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π(p-value > 0.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3)

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»„π ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ߥ‘ ‚°â‡∏§‡¢µ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√“¬æ“√“¡‘‡µÕ√å§à“‡©≈’ˬÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡™◊Èπ CO2 CO µ“¡ªí®®—¬ ∂“π∑’Ë µ—Èß «—π ·≈–‡«≈“„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«πæÀÿ (MANOVA) Source Intercept

Dependent Variable

§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å §«“¡™◊πÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß §“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å §«“¡™◊πÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ «—π∫√‘°“√ §“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å §«“¡™◊πÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡«≈“∫√‘°“√ §“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å §«“¡™◊πÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß §“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–«—π·≈–‡«≈“ §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å ∫√‘°“√ §«“¡™◊πÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘

Type III Sum of Squares 262857295.857 8314.613 218908.520 39193.783 60898954.314 3794.276 1372.621 346.050 60591400.200 8459.602 346.630 40.456 58725828.507 5227.261 402.253 13.392 30151810.176 2644.133 208.523 2.577

”À√— ∫ §à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æÕ“°“»Õ’ ° °≈ÿà ¡ Àπ÷ßË (Õ–´‘µ≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å, ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬, øÕ√å¡≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å, ·≈– §“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å) §à“ ∂‘µ‘ Roy's Largest Root · ¥ß«à “ ¡’ §à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æÕ“°“»·µ°µà “ ß°— π Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p-value < 0.05) ·≈– æ∫§à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ ¢ÕßøÕ√å ¡— ≈ ¥’ ‰ Œ¥å · ≈–§“√å ∫ Õπ‰¥ ´—≈‰ø¥å·µ°µà“ßµ“¡ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4

262857295.857 8314.613 218908.520 39193.783 30449477.157 1897.138 686.310 173.025 30295700.100 4229.801 173.315 20.228 29362914.254 2613.630 201.127 6.696 7537952.544 661.033 52.131 .644

997.700 298.274 7532.788 61356.732 115.574 68.057 23.616 270.865 114.990 151.738 5.964 31.666 111.450 93.760 6.921 10.482 28.611 23.714 1.794 1.009

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .003 .000 .000 .000 .001 .000 .000 .000 .132 .404

∑“ß ∂‘µ‘(p-value < 0.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4) ∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡·µ°µà “ ß§à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ √“¬§Ÿà ªí®®—¬ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡™◊πÈ §“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈– §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å øÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å ·≈–§“√å∫Õ𠉥´—≈‰ø¥å µ“¡§Ÿàªí®®—¬„π ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π ·≈–‡«≈“ ∫√‘°“√‚¥¬ ∂‘µ‘ Post Hoc Tests (Scheffe) æ∫ «à“§à“‡©≈’ˬ§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¢â“ßµâπ·µà≈–§Ÿàªí®®—¬

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“‡©≈’¬Ë §ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»(Õ–´‘µ≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å, ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬, øÕ√å¡≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å, §“√å∫Õ𠉥´—≈‰ø¥å) µ“¡ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π·≈–‡«≈“„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«πæÀÿ (MANOVA) Effect

∂‘µ‘∑¥ Õ∫

Intercept Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root ∂“π∑’˵—Èß Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root «—π Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root ‡«≈“ Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace Roy's Largest Root

Value

F

.981 .019 51.447 51.447 1.110 .007 130.069 129.936 1.057 .018 50.220 50.138 1.332 .022 28.789 28.212

17.149(a) 17.149(a) 17.149(a) 17.149(a) .832 3.727(a) .000 86.624(b) .747 2.147(a) .000 33.425(b) 1.329 1.929(a) .000 18.808(b)

¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (pvalue < 0.05) ¬°‡«âπ§à“‡©≈’ˬ§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» ¢ÕߧŸªà ®í ®—¬µàÕ‰ªπ’‰È ¡à¡§’ «“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (pvalue > 0.05) - §à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡§‘ ‡Ÿà «≈“ 20-22 °—∫ 22-24 π.

- §«“¡™◊Èπ§Ÿà«—π®—π∑√å°—∫«—π»ÿ°√å,«—πæÿ∏ °—∫«—π®—π∑√å·≈–‡«≈“ 20-22 °—∫ 22-24 π.

- §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å ¢ÕߧŸà«—π®—π∑√å °—∫«—πæÿ∏·≈–‡«≈“ 20-22 °—∫ 24-02 π. à«πøÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å ·≈–§“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å ‰¡àæ∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ßµ“¡√“¬§Ÿàªí®®—¬·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ 124 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2555 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬

à߇ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“楒

Hypothesis df Error df 3.000 3.000 3.000 3.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 3.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 3.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 3.000

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 4.000 2.000 .000 2.000 4.000 2.000 .000 2.000 4.000 2.000 .000 2.000

Sig. .175 .175 .175 .175 .601 .227 . .011 .644 .351 . .029 .409 .380 . .051

√ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥åº≈ §à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æÕ“°“»¡’ §à “ µË” °«à “ §à “ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“°“√∑”ß“πµ“¡ª√–°“» °√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬ ‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√ ∑”ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡°≈ÿࡇªÑ“À¡“¬§◊Õ §π∑”ß“π„π ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°‘®°“√(7) ·µàæ∫§à“ ‡©≈’¬Ë §“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å‡∑à“°—∫ 1,680.77 ppm ¡’ §à“ Ÿß°«à“¢Õß ¡“§¡«‘»«°√√¡§«“¡√âÕ𠧫“¡‡¬Áπ ·≈–°“√ª√— ∫ Õ“°“» ·Àà ß Õ‡¡√‘ ° “(American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers :ASHRAE)´÷Ë ß

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»„π ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ߥ‘ ‚°â‡∏§‡¢µ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°

°≈ÿࡇªÑ“À¡“¬§◊ÕºŸâÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬µ“¡∫â“π/Õ“§“√ ·≈– °”Àπ¥§à“¡“µ√∞“π‰«â∑’Ë 1,000 ppm(8) Ÿß°«à“§à“ ‡©≈’ˬµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ“™’«Õπ“¡—¬§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—·≈– ÿ¢¿“æ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“(Occupational Safety and Health Act : OSHA) ∑’Ë °”Àπ¥§à “ ¡“µ√∞“π‰«â∑’Ë 800 ppm(9) °“√∑’Ë¥‘ ‚°â‡∏§„µâ Õ“§“√¡’ §à “ Õÿ ≥ À¿Ÿ ¡‘ Ÿ ß ÿ ¥ Õ“®‡ªì π ‡æ√“– ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“懧√◊ËÕߪ√—∫Õ“°“»∑’Ë„™âß“π¡“π“π πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’ª√–µŸ‡ªî¥‚¥¬µ√ß Ÿà‚√߮ե√∂„µâ Õ“§“√ ∑”„Àâ ¡’ · À≈à ß Õ“°“»√â Õ π¿“¬πÕ°‡¢â “ ¡“¿“¬„𥑠‚°â‡∏§ ”À√—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µ“¡™à«ß‡«≈“ ¡’§à“µË” ÿ¥™à«ß 20-22 π. ‡π◊ËÕß®“°™à«ß‡«≈“¥—ß °≈à“«‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’Ë¡’®”π«πºŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√πâÕ¬ ·≈–Õ¬Ÿà „π™à«ßÀ—«§Ë”°‘®°√√¡°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬æ≈—ßß“πÕÕ° ¡“¡’‰¡à¡“°‡™àπ ‡ ’¬ß¥πµ√’ °“√‡µâπ√” ·≈–°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë ‡ªìπµâπ à«π™à«ß‡«≈“ 24-02 π. ¡’§à“ Õÿ≥¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß ÿ¥π—Èπ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–„°≈â‡≈‘°¡’°“√ªî¥‡§√◊ËÕß ª√— ∫ Õ“°“»∫“ßµ— « ·≈–‡ªî ¥ ª√–µŸ ‡ ¢â “ ÕÕ°∫à Õ π Õ ° ® “ ° π’È §à “ °ä “ ´ § “ √å ∫ Õ π ‰ ¥ Õ Õ ° ‰ ´ ¥å , §“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å, Õ–‡´µ—≈¥’‰Œ¥å, ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬, øÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å ·≈–§“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å ¡’§à“ Ÿß„𠥑 ‚°â‡∏§ ∑’µË ß—È „πÕ“§“√·≈–„π«—π»ÿ°√å·≈–™à«ß‡«≈“ 22-24 π. ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–„π«—𠇫≈“ ∂“π∑’Ë¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ºŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¡’°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ¡’ ∑“߇¢â“ÕÕ°µ‘¥µàÕ°—∫ÀâÕßπÈ”ÀâÕß â«¡ ∑àÕπÈ”‡ ’∑”„Àâ°ä“´·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬®“°∑’Ëªí “«–·≈–§“√å∫Õ𠉥´—≈‰ø¥å®“°°“√™–≈â“ß∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥æ«°‰¢¡—π Õ“®ªπ‡ªóôÕπºà“π∑“ßÕ“°“» ·≈–ºŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√‡¢â“ ¡“„π ∂“𥑠‚°â‡∏§ ”À√—∫øÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥åÕ“® ¡“®“°‡øÕ√å𑇮Õ√å ∑’Ë„™âµ°·µàß√«¡∑—Èß®“°‡ ’¬ß ¥—ß Ÿß∂÷ß 102.7 ‡¥´‘‡∫≈‡Õ Õ“®‡ªìπµ—«°√–µÿâπ„Àâ ‡°‘¥°“√øÿÑß°√–®“¬ “√‡§¡’¡“°¢÷Èπ ®÷߇ªìπ∑’Ëπà“ —߇°µ«à“ ∂“𥑠‚°â‡∏§∑’˵—Èß„πÕ“§“√∑’Ë∑”°“√„π «—π»ÿ°√å™à«ß ‡«≈“ 22-24 π. ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡

‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß∑’˵âÕß„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—߇µ◊Õπ ¿—¬®“°°“√‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—µ‘¿—¬ °“√∑’Ë°ä“´§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ ÕÕ°‰´¥å ∑’Ë æ ∫ Ÿ ß °«à “ §à “ ¢Õß ASHRAE ·≈– OSHA Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“∑’°Ë √ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ∑’Ë »÷ ° …“„π»Ÿ π ¬å Õ “À“√·≈–Õ“§“√®Õ¥√∂¢Õß Õ“§“√ “∏“√≥–·≈–Àâ “ ß √√æ ‘ π §â “(10) ·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„πÀâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“ª√–‡∑» ŒàÕß°ß∑’Ëæ∫¡’§à“‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π¥—ß°≈à“«‡™àπ°—π(11) ”À√—∫§à“°ä“´§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å¡§’ “à ‡©≈’¬Ë ‡∑à“°—∫ 6.49 ppm µË”°«à“§à“∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â„π√–¬– —Èπ‡©≈’˵≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“ 8 ™—Ë « ‚¡ß¢ÕßASHRAE ∑’Ë °”Àπ¥‰«â‰¡à‡°‘π 9 ppm(8) ·µà Ÿß°«à“°“√»÷°…“ „π ∂“π∫— π ‡∑‘ ß ª√–‡∑»ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’ ¬ ∑’Ë µ √«®«— ¥ °ä“´§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å„πÕ“§“√∑’Ë¡’§π Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë ‡∑à“°—∫ 3.9 ppm.(12)§à“°ä“´Õ–´’µ—≈¥’‰Œ¥å„𥑠‚°â ‡∏§∑—Èß 3 ·Ààß ¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬ ‡∑à“°—∫ 7.41 ppm µË” °«à“§à“¡“µ√∞“πµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ“™’«Õπ“¡—¬§«“¡ ª≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈– ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (Occupational Safety and Health Act : OSHA)(9) ∑’Ë °”Àπ¥‰«â‰¡à‡°‘π 100 ppm §à“°ä“´·Õ¡‚¡‡π’‡©≈’ˬ‡∑à“°—∫ .70 ppm ·≈–°ä“´øÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å¡’§à“ ‡©≈’Ë ¬ ‡∑à “ °— ∫ 1.5 ppm ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π √–¥— ∫ ∑’Ë ® ¡Ÿ ° “¡“√∂‰¥â√—∫°≈‘Ëπ‰¥â ·≈–µË”°«à“§à“∑’Ë°”À𥵓¡ °ÆÀ¡“¬ 50 ppm ·≈– 3 ppm µ“¡≈”¥—∫ (7) °“√ ∑’ËøÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“§à“¡“µ√∞“π OSHA (0.75 ppm)(9) Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¥‘ ‚°â‡∏§∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà πÕ°Õ“§“√¡’°“√µ°·µàß¿“¬„π‡ √Á®„À¡àÊ ∑”„Àâ «— ¥ÿ¡°’ “√§≈“¬°ä“´øÕ√å¡≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å ®“° ’°“« Sealant ‡øÕ√å𑇮Õ√å æ√¡ªŸæ◊Èπ·ºàπ‰«π‘≈ªî¥ºπ—ß °“« ¬÷¥‡»…‰¡â¢Õß·ºàπ‰¡âÕ—¥ Particle Board °“«∑’Ë „™âµ‘¥°√–¥“…ÕàÕπ °√–¥“…·¢Áß °“«¬÷¥æ√¡ À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿªŸæ◊Èπµà“ßÊ (10) Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë ª√–‡∑»‡°“À≈’∑’Ëæ∫«à“ Õ“§“√∑’ˇæ‘Ëß √â“߇ √Á® À√◊Õµ°·µàß¿“¬„π„À¡à¡’‰Õ “√™π‘¥π’Ȫπ‡ªóôÕπÕ¬Ÿà

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ „πÕ“°“»„πª√‘ ¡ “≥∑’Ë §à Õ π¢â “ ß Ÿ ß(13) à « π°ä “ ´ §“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬ‡∑à“°—∫ 5.5 ppm µË” °«à“§à“∑’Ë°”À𥵓¡°ÆÀ¡“¬§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π °“√∑”ß“π´÷Ëß°”Àπ¥‰«â‰¡à‡°‘π 20 ppm(7) ®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫§à“‡©≈’ˬ§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» µ“¡°≈ÿà¡ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π ·≈–‡«≈“„Àâ∫√‘°“√ ‚¥«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«πæÀÿ (MANOVA) §à“ ∂‘µ‘· ¥ß«à“∑—Èß 3 °≈ÿà¡ ¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬ§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» ·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘(p-value < 0.05)·≈–®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫§à“‡©≈’¬Ë √“¬æ“√“¡‘‡µÕ√å Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ,§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–§“√å∫Õπ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥åµ“¡ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π·≈– ‡«≈“„Àâ∫√‘°“√ æ∫«à“§à“§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»√“¬æ“√“ ¡‘‡µÕ√å∑ÿ°µ—«¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p-value < 0.05) ¬°‡«âπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈– §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ‡¡◊ËÕ∑¥ Õ∫∑—Èß 3 °≈ÿà¡·µ°µà“ß °—πÕ¬à“߉¡à¡π’ ¬— ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p-value > 0.05) à«πÕ–‡´µ—≈¥’‰Œ¥å, ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬, øÕ√å¡≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å, ·≈– §“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å æ∫‡©æ“–øÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å ·≈– §“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å∑’Ë§à“‡©≈’ˬ·µ°µà“ßµ“¡ªí®®—∂“π∑’˵—Èß‡æ’¬ßªí®®—¬‡¥’¬«Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘(p-value < 0.05)πÕ°®“°π’È„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ §«“¡·µ°µà“ß§à“‡©≈’ˬ‚¥¬ ∂‘µ‘ Post Hoc Tests (Scheffe) æ∫«à“§à“‡©≈’ˬ§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¢â“ßµâπ ·µà≈–§Ÿàªí®®—¬µ“¡°≈ÿࡵà“ßÊ „π ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π·≈– ‡«≈“„Àâ∫√‘°“√¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ∑“ß ∂‘ µ‘ ( p-value < 0.05) ¬°‡«â π §à “ ‡©≈’Ë §ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¢ÕߧŸàªí®®—¬µàÕ‰ªπ’È¡’§«“¡·µ° µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“߉¡à¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘(p-value > 0.05) - §à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡§‘ ‡Ÿà «≈“ 20-22.°—∫ 22-24 π.

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°—∫«—πæÿ∏·≈–‡«≈“ 20-22 °—∫ 24-02 π. ”À√—∫øÕ√å¡≈— ¥’‰Œ¥å ·≈–§“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å ‰¡àæ∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ßµ“¡√“¬§Ÿàªí®®—¬·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ®÷ß √ÿª‰¥â«“à §à“‡©≈’¬Ë §ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“» 8 æ“√“ ¡‘‡µÕ√å∑’Ë»÷°…“¡’§à“‰¡à‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“πµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“·≈–¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬ·µ°µà“ßµ“¡ ∂“π∑’˵—Èß «—π·≈– ‡«≈“∫√‘°“√ À“°∑¥ Õ∫æ√âÕ¡°—π∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡ªí®®—·≈â«æ∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å·µ°µà“ß Õ¬à“߉¡à¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ à«πøÕ√å¡—≈¥’‰Œ¥å, §“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å·µ°µà“߇©æ“–¥â“π ∂“π∑’˵—Èß ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√“¬§Ÿªà ®í ®—¬‚¥¬ ∂‘µ‘ Post Hoc Tests æ∫‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°æ“√“¡‘‡µÕ√å¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß ¡’π¬— ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ‡«â π ·µà ø Õ√å ¡— ≈ ¥’ ‰ Œ¥å · ≈– §“√å∫Õπ‰¥´—≈‰ø¥å ‰¡àæ∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ßµ“¡√“§Ÿàªí®®—¬

¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 1. ∂“𥑠‚°â‡∏§∑’˵—Èß„πÕ“§“√À√◊Õ‡ªî¥ „Àâ∫√‘°“√„π«—π»ÿ°√åÀ√◊Õ„Àâ∫√‘°“√™à«ß ‡«≈“ 22-24 π. ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë «—π ·≈–™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß ŸßµàÕ°“√‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—µ‘¿—¬ ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕßµâÕß„À⧫“¡ π„®·≈–√–¡—¥√–«—ß ·≈–‡µ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„π °“√‡µ◊Õπ¿—¬ À√◊Õ°“√°Ÿâ¿—¬ ‡ªìπ摇»…

2. ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√§«√¡’ ° “√√≥√ߧå ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥„À≠à(Big Cleaning Day) ¿“¬„π Õ“§“√·≈–√–∫∫√–∫“¬Õ“°“»‡ªìπª√–®”∑ÿ°ªï 3. »÷°…“ª√‘¡“≥ “√æ‘…Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ‚≈À– Àπ—° ΩÿÉπ ·Õ ‡∫ µÕ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ „π ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ß 4. §«√¡’¡“µ√°“√∑“ߥâ“π°ÆÀ¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕ °“√§ÿ¡â §√Õß ÿ¢¿“溟„â ™â∫√‘°“√®“°¡≈æ‘…„πÕ“§“√ ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ß

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ª√÷°…“‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬ √».¥√.«‘∑¬“ Õ¬Ÿà ÿ¢ §≥– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ √». √“«ÿ∏ ÿ ∏ √√¡“ “ “¢“«‘ ™ “«‘ ∑ ¬“»“ µ√å ÿ ¢ ¿“æ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬∏√√¡“∏‘√“™ ·≈–¥√.∑«’»—°¥‘Ï »‘√‘æ√‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—π‡√»«√ ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ß∑—Èß 3 ·Ààß ∑’Ë Õπÿ≠“µ„Àâ§≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬‡¢â“‰ª¥”‡π‘π°“√„πÕ“§“√ ∂“𥑠‚°â‡∏§ ∑”„Àâ°“√«‘®—¬ ”‡√Á®¥â«¬¥’∫√√≈ÿ «—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå ∑ÿ°ª√–°“√

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. ¡™—¬ ∫«√°‘µµ‘ ®ÕÀåπ æ’≈Õø∑— °ƒ…Æ“ »√’ ”√“≠. Õ“°“»æ‘…„πÕ“§“√ µ”√“‡«™»“ µ√å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡©∫—∫ ‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘ 72 æ√√…“ ¡À“√“™“ ‡√◊Õπ·°â«°“√æ‘¡æå °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√; 2542 Àπâ“ 658-669 2. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Indoor Environmental Quality. [√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå] ·À≈àß∑’¡Ë “ Hhttp://www.cdc.gonvH/niosh/topics/Hindoorenv/H/ BuildingVentilation.html [2551, 20 ¡’π“§¡] 3. «‘°√¡ · ߧ‘ ‘√‘, ‘∏√ ‡∑æµ√–°“√æ√. ·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚§√ß°“√»÷°…“§«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ æπ—°ß“π„π ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ߪ√–‡¿∑¥‘ ‚°â‡∏§. ππ∑∫ÿ√:’ ”π—°‚√§®“°°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡; 2550.

4. «—π∑π’¬å æ—π∏åª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï ªí≠À“§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“°“»¿“¬„πÕ“§“√ «“√ “√§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ 2547; 7(1) :57 5. »»‘∏√ ≥√ߧ廗°¥‘Ï §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß¡≈¿“«–∑“ßÕ“°“»¿“¬„π°—∫°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√∑”ß“π ¿“¬„πÕ“§“√ «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“™’«Õπ“¡—¬ ∫—≥±‘µ«‘∑¬“≈—°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ 6. ”π—°ß“πªÑÕß°—π§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ∑’Ë 9 ®—ßÀ«—¥æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° √“¬ß“πº≈°“√ ”√«® ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈– ÿ¢¿“æ§π∑”ß“π„π ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ß®—ßÀ«—¥æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°; 2548 7. °√¡ «— ¥‘°“√·≈–§ÿ⡧√Õß·√ßß“π°ÆÀ¡“¬ [√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå] ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“http://www.labour. go.th/law/doc/ safty_hot_2549.pdf. [2551,19 ‘ßÀ“§¡] 8. The engineeringtoolbox. Carbon Dioxide Standard Levels. [√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå] ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“ http:// www.engineeringtoolbox.com/co2-comfort-level-d_1024.html[2551,19 ‘ßÀ“§¡] 9. Wai-Ming Li, Shun Cheng Lee, and Lo Yin Chan. Indoor air quality at nine shopping malls in Hong Kong.[serial online] 2001 Jun. [cited 2007 Jan 30]; Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science 10. «‘°√¡ ‡ ߧ‘ ‘√‘·≈– ‘∏√ ‡∑æµ√–°“√æ√ °≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√∑”ß“π„πÕ“§“√ [√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå] ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“ http://advisor. anamai. moph.go.th /281/28103.html [2551,19 ‘ßÀ“§¡] 11. P. Dingle, P.Tapsell, I. Tremains, R. Tan. Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Ventilation in 20 Social Venues in Perth, Western Australia. .[serial online] 2002 Sep. [cited 2007 Jan 30]; Available from: http://ibe.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/3/146?ck=nck

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∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √ ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 12. »Ÿπ¬å¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈«—µ∂ÿÕ—πµ√“¬·≈–‡§¡’¿—≥±å ‡Õ° “√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬‡§¡’¿—≥±å [√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå] ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“ http:// www.labour.go.th/law/doc/safty_hot_2549.pdf. [2551,19 ‘ßÀ“§¡] 13. Wan-Je Jo and Jang-Yeul Sohn. The effect of environmental and structural factors on indoor air quality of apartments in Korea .[serial online] 2001 Jun. [cited 2007 Jan 30]; Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science HEALTH

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