Terminology v1 3 by Nobita Chau

English

Hangul (한글)

Hanja (한자/漢字)

Mi Guk Kwan Romanization

MCST Romanization

Literal translation (other info)

Tang Soo Do Mi Guk Kwan Martial Arts Way of the Warrior Titles Grandmaster Master instructor Teacher Senior Student Junior Member Dan Student / Gup Kodanja Dan members Dan number Gup members School member Beginners Test Judges/testers Ceremony/class School Country Flag Flag / Banner School Flag Atten‐hut! Salute the flag Return Pay respect / bow Bow to…(instructor) Partners bow Meditate Meditation Sit down Be seated Please Thank you … also Thank you

당수도 미국 관 무예 (or 무협) 무도

唐手道美國館武藝武道

Tang Soo Do Mi Guk Kwan Moo ye Moo do

Tang Hand Way U.S. School Martial Arts Martial Way/path

관장 님 사범 님 교사 님 선배 님 후배 단 급 고단자 유단자 단번 유급자 관원 초보자 심사 심사관

館長師範敎師先輩後輩段級高段者有段者段番留級者館員初步者審査審査官

Kwan Jhang nim Sa Bom Nim Kyosa nim San Beh nim Hu Beh Dan Gup Kodanja You Dan Ja Dan Bun You Gup Ja Kwan Won Cho bo ja Shim sa Shim sa kwan

관 국기 기 관기 차렷 국기 배례 바로 경례 사범 님 께경례 상호 간에 경례 묵념 명상 앉아 착석 세요 감사합니다 고맙습니다

館國旗旗館旗

Kwan Kuk Gi Gi Kwan Gi Cha Ryut Kukki bae rye Ba ro Kyung Ret sa bom nim ke Kyung Ret Sahng Ho Kan E Kyung Ret Muk Nyum Myong Sang Anj‐oh Chuk suk Se yo Kahm Sa Ham Ni Da Ko Map Som Nee Da

Dangsudo Migug gwan Muye (Muhyeob) Mudo Gwanjang nim Sabeom nim Gyosa nim Seonbae nim Hubae Dan Goeb Godanja Yudanja Dan beon Yugeubja Gwan‐won Choboja Simsa Simsagwan Gwan Guggi Gi Gwangi Caryeos Guggi baerye Baro Gyeongrye sabeom nim kke gyeongrye Sangho gan‐e gyeongrye Mugnyeom Myeongsang Anj‐a Chagseog Seyo Gamsa habnida Gomabseubnida

國旗拜禮敬禮師範敬禮相互間敬禮默念冥想着席感謝 1

School Head Sir Master Sir Teacher Sir Elder/Senior Sir Junior / Younger Stage/level/degree Class High rank people Experts Dan Number Class member School official First step person Judgement / audit Examiners / judges

Home of / School National flag Flag/banner School banner Atten‐hut! Worship the flag Finish/As you were! Salute Master sir we salute you (ke/께= to) Salute each other A moment of silence Deep thought Sit down (from 앉다) Take a seat Please Thank you (very formal) Thank you (formal)

You’re welcome Hello Hello Goodbye Uniform Belt Studio Commands Ready Ready for kicks Begin Again / Repeat Stop Resume/Continue Return Relax (rest) Turn to rear Yell Look/focus By the count Without count Switch feet Hurry / Move it Technique direction Moving forward Backing up / retreat Sideways/laterally Reverse hand/foot Lower Middle Upper Two handed Both hands Lowest Right side Left side Other side/Twist Inside‐outside Outside inside Copyright © 2012

천만에요 안녕 하십니까 안녕 하세요 안녕히 계십시오 도복 띠 도장

준비 발 차기 준비 시작 다시 그만 계속 바로 쉬어 뒤로돌아 기합 시선 구령에맞춰서 구령 없이 발 바꿔 빨리

전진 후진 횡진 역진 하단 중단 상단 쌍수 양수 최 하단 오른 쪽 왼쪽 틀어 안에서 밖으로 밖에서 안으로

安寧安寧道服带道場

準備始作

繼續

氣合視線口令口令

推進後進橫進逆進下段中段上段雙手兩手最下段

Chun Mhan Eh Yo An’nyong Ha Sip Ni Ka An’nyong Ha Say O Ao’nyong Hi Kye Sip Sio Dobak Ddi Dojang

Jhoon Bee Bal Cha Gi Jhoon Bee Shi jak Dashi Gu Man Kay Sok Ba ro Shio Dwi ro tora Ki hap Shi Sun Ku Ryung E Mat Cho So Ku Ryung Up Shi Pal ba kwa Pali (usually repeated)

Chun jin Hu jin Wheng jin Yuk jin Ha dan Choong dan Sang dan Ssang soo Yang soo Choi Ha Dan O Rin Jok Wen Jok Tuel Oh / T’ro Ahneso Pahkuro Pahkeso Ahnuro

Cheonman‐eyo Annyeong hasibnikka Annyeong haseyo Annyeonghi gyesibsio Dobog Tti Dojang Junbi Bal chagi junbi Sijag Dashi Geuman Gyesog Baro Swieo Dwiro dola Gihab Siseon Guryeong‐e majchwoseo guryeong eobs‐i Bal bakkwo Ppalli Jeonjin Hujin Hoengjin Yeogjin Hadan Jungdan Sangdan Ssangsu Yangsu Coe hadan Oreun jjog Oen jjog Teur‐eo Aneseo baggeuro Baggeso aneuro

You’re welcome How are you/Good day (formal) How are you (less formal) Goodbye (formal) Uniform Belt Studio

Readyness Foot ready to kick Start / go ahead Again Stop Continue Finish/As you were! Stand at ease Turn toward the rear Yell/Show mental focus Gaze / line of sight By verbal command Without verbal commands Change feet Quickly

Advance Backwards Laterally Opposite/Inverted move Lower section/portion Center section/portion Top section/portion Twin hands both hands Maximum lowest Right Side (jjog=side) Left Side (jjog=side) Twisting / Turning (from 틀다) Inside out Out in

Jumping (front kick) Hopping/Skipping Double kick … also combo kick Same foot Hand Techniques Attack / Strike / hit … also Strike Block Punch/hit Middle punch Back fist Knife hand (edge) To pierce / spear Spear hand Ridge hand Hammer fist Pliers hand Palm heel Elbow Gooseneck Side punch Mountain block One finger fist 1 finger spear hand 2 finger spear hand Soft fist Knuckle Spear hand Double back fist Double hammer fist Foot hold defense Painting/Smearaing Hit drums / milk cow Catching/Smashing To beat eggs Foot Techniques Kick Front kick also front Snap kick Copyright © 2012

이단 ... (앞 차기) 뜀을 두 발 ... 연속 ... 같은 발 수기 공격 치기 막기 권 중권 갑권 수도 관 관 수 역 수도 권도 집게 손 장관 팔꿈 손목 등 횡진 공격 산 막기 일 지 권 일 지관 수 이지관수 유권 관절 관 수 장갑권 장 권도 발 잡아 막기 도말 식 타고 식 확격 요식 족기 차기 앞 차기 앞 차넣기

連續

手技攻擊

拳中拳甲拳 / 角拳手刀貫貫手逆手刀拳刀 / 拳槌掌貫

橫進山一指拳一指貫手二指貫手柔拳關節貫手長甲拳長拳刀塗抹式打鼓式攫擊搖式足技

ee dan (Ahp chagi) Deemeul Du bal Yeon sok Getten Bahl Soo gi Kong kyuck Chi Kee Mahk Kee Kwon Chung Kwon Kap Kwon Soo do Kwan Kwan soo Yuk soo do Kwon do Jip Kye Son Jang kwan Pal Koop Son Mok Deung Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk San Mahk Kee Il Ji Kwon Il Ji Kwan soo Ee Ji Kwan Soo Yoo Kwon Ban Jul Kwan Soo Jang Cap Kwon Jang Kwon Do Bal Ja Ba Mahk Kee Do Mahl Sik Ta Ko Sik Hwa Kuk Yo Sik Jok gi Chagi Ahp chagi Ahp Cha Na Gi

idan (Ap chagi) Ddwim‐eul Du bal Yeonsog Gat‐eun bal Su gi Gong‐gyeog Chigi Maggi Gweon (Chinese: quán) Jung gweon Gab gweon Su Do Gwan Gwan su Yeog su do Gweon do Jibge Son Jang Gwan Palkkum Sonmog deung Hoengjin gong gyeog San Maggi il ji gweon il ji gwan su i ji gwan su Yu gweon Gwanjeol gwan su Jang gab gwoen Jang gweon do Bal jab‐a maggi Domal sig Tago sig Hwag gyeog Yo sig Jog gi Chagi Ap chagi Ap Caneohgi

Second level (front kick) Leaping/springing (from 뛰다) Two feet / both feet Sequence/Series Same foot Hand techniques Attack Strike Prevent/block/obstruct (from 막다) Punch / strike with hand Center punch First punch / angle punch Hand knife/blade To penetrate/pass through Penetrating hand Reverse su do Fist knife / Fist hammer Pliers / tongs hand Penetrating palm / palm fist Elbow The Back of the Wrist Lateral / transverse Mountain Block One digit punch One digit penetrating hand Two digit penetrating hand Soft Punch Joint piercing hand Long first punch Long fist blade Foot grab block (form of 잡다) Smearing type (Du Mun rocking) Beat a drum type (Chil Sung 3 end) Seize, Strike (Du Mun fists) Shake/Sway type (elbows in Jinto) Foot techniques Kick Front kick Soccer kick/push kick

also snap front kick Inside‐out heel kick Outside‐in heel kick Stretching front kick Round‐house kick Side kick aka Snap Side kick Hook kick Also hook kick Hop hook kick Back kick also Spin Back kick Spin hook kick Knee strike Outside in foot block Reverse round kick Stances Ready stance Front Stance Back Stance Horse Stance also Horse Stance One leg stance Side Stance Intermediate position Cross legged stance also cross leg stance Forms Basic forms Pyung Ahn (1‐5) Bassai Also Pal Che Chil Sung (1‐7) Yuno (1‐6) Du mun Joong Jul Po wul Yang Pyung Sal Chu Copyright © 2012

앞 뻗어 차기 안에서 밖으로 차기 밖에서 안으로 차기 앞 뻗어 올리 기 돌려 차기 옆 차기 옆 뻗어 차기 후려기 차기 후려 차기 뜀을 후려기 차기 뒤 차기 뒤 돌려 차기 뒤 돌려 후려기 차기 무릎 차기 발바닥 으로 막기 빗 차기

Ahp podeo chagi Ahneso Pahkuro chagi Pahkeso Ahnuro chagi Ahp podeo olrigi Tollyo chagi Yup chagi Yup podeo chagi Hu Ri Gi Chagi Hu Reo Chagi Deemul Hu Ri Gi Chagi Dwi chagi Dwi tollyo chagi Dwi Dull Ryo Hu Ri Gi Chagi Moo Roop chagi Bal Ba Dak Euro Mahk Kee Peet Chagi

자세 준비 자세 전굴 자세 후굴 자세 기마 자세 기마 자세 한 발 서기 자세 사고립 자세 중간 자세 교차 립 자세 교차 립 자세

四股立姿勢中間姿勢交叉立姿勢交差立姿勢

Jaseh Choon Be Jaseh Chun Gul Jaseh Hu Gul Jaseh Ki Ma Jaseh Ki Ma Rip Jaseh Han Bal Seo Kee Jaseh Sa Ko Rip Jaseh Choong Gan Jase Kyo Cha Rip Jaseh Kyo Cha Rip Jaseh

형 기초 형 평안 바싸이 발채 칠성 육로 두문 중절 포월 양편 살추

形基礎形平安拔塞拔 (塞 /採 / 柴) 七星六路斗門中截抱月揚鞭煞鎚

Hyung Ki Cho Hyung Pyung Ahn Bassai Pal Che Chil Sung Yuno Du mun Joong Jul Po wul Yang Pyung Sal Chu

姿勢準備姿勢前屈姿勢後屈姿勢騎馬姿勢騎馬立姿勢

Ap ppeod‐eo chagi Aneseo baggeuro chagi Baggeso aneuro chagi Ap bbeodeo olreogi Dolreyo chagi Yeop chagi Yeop bbeodeo chagi Huryeogi chagi Huryeo chagi Ddwim‐eul huryeogi chagi Dwi chagi Dwi dolreyo chagi Dwi doleyo huryeogi chagi Mureup chagi Balbadag eulo maggi Bis Chagi Jase Junbi Jase Jeongul Jase Hugul Jase Gima Jase Gimarip Jase Han Bal Seogi Jase Sagorib Jase Jung‐gan Jase Gyocha rib Jase Gyocha rib Jase Hyeong Gico Hyeong Pyeong‐an Bá sāi Bal chae Chil Seong Yug ro Du mun Jung jeol Po weol Yang pyeon Sal chu

Extends in front kick Inside out kick Outside in kick raise in front stretching Turn kick Side kick Extend/stretch beside kick Flail/whip kick Flail/whip kick Leaping flail kick Rear kick Rear turn kick Rear turn whip kick Knee kick Prevent with the sole Crooked/Slanted kick Pose/position Ready Position Forward Position Tilted back position Horse Rider position Horse Rider position Stand on one foot position Four ply upright position Intermediate position Crossing state position Crossing stance (Japanese) Forms Basic form Peaceful confidence Capture fortress (Chinese) Best selection/Capture fort (Korean) Seven Star Six roads Heavenly gate Cut the middle Embrace The moon Raise the whip Evil/killing hammer

Ch’ungno Hwa Sun Naihanji (1‐3) also Neibojin (1‐3) Jin do Lo hai Kong Sang Koon Sip Soo Sei Shan Wang Shu Ji‐on O‐Sip Sa Bo Form numbering With Bassai Dai Sho With Pyung Ahn/Naihanji Cho dan (first) Ee Dan (second) Sam Dan (third) Sa Dan (fourth) O Dan (fifth) With Chil Sung Il lo (first) Ee ro (second) Sam no (third) Sa ro (fourth) O ro (fifth) Yung no (sixth) Chil lo (seventh) Other / miscellaneous Self Defense Sparring Free sparring Ground Sparring One step sparring Three step sparring Breaking (boards) Chi/Ki/Qi Copyright © 2012

충로 화선 나이한찌 내보진 찐도 로오하이 공상군 십수 시싼 왕슈 지온 오십사보

衝擄花仙内限地 / 内蟠地內步進 / 內畔戰進退鷺牌公相君十手十三汪輯智蘊 / 摯蘊 / 慈恩五十四步

Ch’ungno Hwa Sun Naihanji

대 소

大小

Dai Sho

초단 이단 삼단 사단 오단

初段二段三段四段五段

Cho Dan Ee dan Sam Dan Sa Dan O Dan

일 이 삼 사 오 육 칠

一路二路三路四路五路六路七路

Il lo Ee ro Sam no Sa ro O ro Yung no Chil lo

護身術對練自由對練座對練數式對練數式對練擊破氣

ho sin sool Dae Run Jayu dae run Jua dae run il soo sik dae run Sam Soo Sik Dae Ryun Kyok pa Chi

로 로 로 로 로 로 로

호신술 대련 자유 대련 좌 대련 일 수식 대련 삼 수식 대련 격파 기

Jin do Lo Hai Kong Sang Koon Sip Soo Sei Shan Wang Shu Ji‐on O‐sip Sa Bo

Chung ro Hwa seon Naihanjji Naebojin Jjin do Lohai Gongsang‐gun Sib su Sissan Wangsyu Ji‐on O‐Sib Sa Bo Dae So Chodan i‐dan Sam dan Sa dan O dan Il ro i ro Sam ro Sa ro O ro Yug ro Chil ro Ho sin sul dae ryeon Jayu dae ryeon Jwa dae ryeon il su sig dae ryeon Sam su sig dae ryeon Gyeong pa Qì

Powerful capture Celestial/immortal flower Hwang Kee’s Hangul spelling Inside step ahead/War in the banks Advance & Retreat Heron style (Chinese) Konsaku (Person’s name) Ten hands Thirteen (Chinese pronunciation) Person’s name / Wang’s collection Wisdom collection Fifty four steps

Greater/major Lesser/minor Lowest / first level Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level First way Second way Third way Fourth way Fifth way Sixth way Seventh way

Protect body skill Face to face drill Free sparring Seat sparring Single formula drill Triple formula drill Smashing Spirit/Vitality (Chinese pronunciation)

Neh Gung Weh Gung Shim Gung Mu Pahl Dan Khum Balance Balance Ryu Pa Muye Dobo Tongji Weapons Knife Staff Sword Gum Do Haidong Gum Do Sword Wooden Sword “Real” Sword (sharp) Bamboo Sword Practice Metal Sword Scabbard Draw sword Sheath away sword Stab Cut Eight key concepts Courage Concentration Endurance Honesty Humility Control of Power Tension‐Relaxation Speed Control Anatomy Foot Foot Hand Copyright © 2012

내공 외공 심공 무 팔 단 금 천칭 균형 류파 무예도보통지

內功外功心功武八段錦天秤均衡流派武藝圖譜通志

Neh Gung Weh gung Shim Gung Mu Pahl Dan Khum Choong Shim Gyoon‐young Ryu Pa Muye Dobo Tongji

무기 단도 봉 검

武器短刀棒劍

Moo gi Tanto Bong Gum

검도 해동검도 검 목검 진검 죽도 가검 검집 발도 착검 찌르기 베기

劍道海東劍道劍木劍眞劍竹刀假劍

Gum Do Haidong Gumdo Gum Mok Gum Jin Gum Chook Do Ka Gum Gum Jip Pal Do Chak Gum Chirugi Pegi

용기 정신통일 인내 정직 겸손 힘 조정 신축 완급

勇氣精神統一忍耐正直謙遜力操正伸縮緩急

Yong Gi Chung Shin Tong Il In Neh Chung Jik Kyum Son Him Cho Chung Shin Chook Wan Gup

족 발 수

足

Jok Bahl Soo

發刀着劍

手 6

Naegong Oegong Simgong Mu Pal Dan Geum Cheonching Gyunhyeong Liupa Muye Dobo Tongji Mugi Dando Bong Geom Geomdo Haedong Geomdo Geom Mog geom Jin geom Jug do Ga geom Geom jib Baldo Chag geom Jjileugi Begi Yong‐gi Jeongshintong‐il Innae Jeongjig Gyeomson Him Jojeong Shinchug Wangeub Jog Bal Su

Inner strength Outer Strength Mind/spirit strength Martial 8 paths of silk Scales Equillibrium Flow diverges Illustrated Annals of Martial Arts Weapon Dagger Staff Sword Sword path/way/style East Sea (Korean) Sword Style Sword Wood sword Real sword Bamboo sword Fake Sword Sword Home/Nest/Crib Send out/dispatch Sword Wear the sword Stick/Lunge Cut

Courage Spiritual Unity Endurance Honesty Humility Proper Power Control Elastic/stretchy Slow, Urgent

Foot (Chinese) Foot (Korean) Hand (Chinese)

Hand Above Upper Lip Fist Waist Leg Forehead Elbow Knee Chin Arm Groin Abdomen Solar Plexus Head Face Neck Wrist Ankle Collarbone Chest Native Korean Numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Copyright © 2012

손 인중 주먹 허리 다리 이마 팔꿈 무릎 턱 팔 샅 단전 명치 머리 얼굴 목 손목 발목 쇄골 가슴

Sohn In Choong Chu Mok Hu Ri Da Ri Eema Pahl Koop Moo Roop Tuck Pahl Sat Dan Jun Myung Chi Meori Eol Gul Muk Sohn Muk Bahl Muk Swae Gul Ka Seum

하나 둘 셋 넷 다섯 여섯 일곱 여덟 아홉 열 열하나 열둘 열셋 열넷 열다섯 열여섯 열일곱 열여덟 열아홉

Hana Dool Set Net Da Sot Yuh Sot il Gup Yo Dull Ah Hope Yohl 7

Son Injung Jumeog Heoli Dali ima Palggum Muleup Teog Pal Sat Danjeon Myeongchi Meoli Eolgul Mog Sonmog Balmog Swaegol Gaseum hana dul ses nes daseos yeoseos ilgob yeodeolb ahob yeol yeolhana yeoldul yeolses yeolnes yeoldaseos yeol‐yeoseos yeol‐ilgob yeol‐yeodeolb yeol‐ahob

Hand (Korean) Philtrum Fist Waist Leg Forehead Elbow Knee Chin Arm Groin Abdomen Pit of the stomach Head Face Neck Wrist Ankle Collarbone Chest

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Sino‐Korean Numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 1,000 10,000

스물 서른 마흔 쉰 예순 이른 여든 아흔

일 이 삼 사 오 육 칠 팔 구 십 십일 십이 십삼 십사 십오 십육 십칠 십팔 십구 이십 삼십 사십 오십 육십 칠십 팔십 구십 백 이백 천 만

一二三四五六七八九十十一十二十三十四十五十六十七十八十九二十三十四十五十六十七十八十九十百二百千萬

il Ee Sam Sa Oh Yuk Chil Pal Ku Sip Sip‐il Sip‐ee Sip‐sam Sip‐sa Sip‐oh Ship‐yuk Ship‐chil shi‐pal Ship‐ku

seumul seoleun maheun swin yesun ileun yeodeun aheun il i Sam Sa O Yug Chil Pal Gu Sib Sib‐il Sib‐i Sib‐sam Sib‐sa Sib‐o Sib‐yug Sib‐chil Sib‐pal Sib‐gu isib samsib sasib osib yugsib chilsib palsib gusib baeg ibaeg cheon man

References: General info  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino‐Korean_vocabulary  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_mixed_script  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neigong  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_martial_arts  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo#Korean_commands  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Soo_Do  Text of Muye Dobo Tongji http://yjc.culturecontent.com/sub_01.asp?code=01 Hangul Translation and Romanization  Google Translations: http://translate.google.com/?hl=&ie=UTF‐8&tl=en#ko|en|  Bing Translations: http://www.microsofttranslator.com/?ref=SALL&br=ro&mkt=en‐US  List of Hangul characters: http://www.ling.ohio‐state.edu/~kyoon/tts/unix‐help/KoreanHangul&Unicode.html  Korean Dictionary: http://dic.paran.com/dic_eng_search.php  Yahoo Korea Dictionary: http://kr.dictionary.search.yahoo.com/search/dictionaryp  Hanja Dictionary: http://hanjadic.bravender.us/  U.S. Library of Congress rules for Romanization: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/korean.pdf  Korea National Rules for Romanization: http://www.korean.go.kr/eng/roman/roman.jsp  Online McCune‐Reischauer Romanization Dictionary: http://www.romanization.org/main.php Books used as reference:        

Hwang Kee. Soo Bhak Do Tang Soo Do, Volume 1, self published 1978 Hwang Kee, Tang Soo Do Soo Bhak Do Moo Duk Kwan Volume 2, self published 1992. ISBN 0963135805 Hwang Kee. History of Moo Duk Kwan, self published 1995. ISBN 0963135872 Sang H. Kim, Muye Dobo Tongji The Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts, Turtle Press 2000. ISBN 9781880336489 Ho Sik Pak, Complete Tang Soo Do Manual Vol 2, High Mountain Publishing 2005, ISBN 0971860912 Kang Uk Lee, Tang Soo Do The Ultimate Guide to the Korean Martial Art, A & C Black 1998, ISBN 0865681708 Gichin Funakoshi, Karate‐Do Kyohan, Kodansha USA 1973, ISBN 0870111906 Donn E. Dreager & Robert W Smith, Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts, Kodansha USA 1981, ISBN 0870114360

Romanization: There are (at least) three different official systems for writing Korean words using western characters: The system of the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism system (MCST), developed around 2000; the McCune‐Reischauer system developed in the 1930s; and the Yale system developed in the 1940s and used in linguistics. On the internet there are many home‐grown transliterations of Korean and most don’t match any of the official systems. (see also http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:About_Korean) Korean homophones: These words sound the same and are written the same in Hangul to but have different meanings and origins. If their meaning is not clear from context, the Hanja is often used for clarification. Do (도) may mean “path” or “way” from the Chinese Dào (道); or it may mean “knife / sword” from the Chinese Dāo (刀). These two words are pronounced in Chinese with different intonation, but they are pronounced the same in Korean. This list is not exhaustive and Do (도) can be any of these: 倒刂到匋叨咷啕嘟図圖圗堵塗壔導屠島嶋度弢徒忉悼慆挑掉掏搗搯擣桃棹檮櫂洮涂淘渡滔濤燾盜睹祷禱稌稲稻綢纛菟萄覩賭跳蹈逃途都酴鍍闍陶鞀鞱韜饕鼗都 Kwan or Gwan (권) can be: “school” from the Chinese guǎn (馆); or “official” from the Chinese guān (官); or “spear” (as in “to pass through or pierce”) from the Chinese guàn (貫). Gi or Ki (기) can mean: “Flag” (Chinese: Qí 旗) as in Gug‐gi; “Technique” (Jì 技) as in Su‐gi; “Device” (Qì 器) as in Mugi (Mu=martial, gi=device); “Spirit/Energy/force” (Qì 氣) as in Chi or Young‐gi (brave spirit (勇氣) = courage). Gi can also be a nominalizer – see below. Jang or Jhang (장) can mean: “leader/head of” (Zhǎng 長) as in Kwan Jhang Nim; “long” (also 長) as in Jang Cap Kwon; “palm” (Zhǎng 掌) as in Jang Kwan; “meeting place” (Chǎng 場) as in Do Jang. Hwa (sometime Hua) (화) can mean “flower” (Huā 花); “fire” (Huǒ 火); “Magnificent” (Huá 華); or “gentle” (Hé 和); For more see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja Grammar, Conjugation / verb forms: Jab‐a (잡아) (Bal jab‐a Maggi ) is the imperative form of the verb Jabda (잡다) which means to take, hold, seize, arrest, catch, capture. See http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A1%EB%8B%A4 Tuelo (틀어) (twisting) is the imperative form of the verb Tuelda (틀다) which means to turn, twist, wrench. See http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%ED%8B%80%EB%8B%A4 Copyright © 2012

Gi (기) can be used as “nominalizer” – adding “기” to a verb turns it into a noun. For example: Mag‐gi (막기) turns the verb Mag‐da (막다) which means “to shield” or “to defend” or “to protect” into “a block.” See: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%8B%A4 Anj‐a(앉아) is the imperative of the verb Anjda (앉다) meaning to take a seat. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%95%89%EB%8B%A4 Hureo /Hureogi (후려/후려기) (Hureogi Chaggi) is possibly related to the verb Hureochida (후려치다) meaning to whip, lash or swipe at. (unconfirmed) Techniques are referred to variously as “Bup / Beob” (Hangul: 법 / Hanja: 法) meaning “method”; Gi (Hangul: 기 / Hanja: 技) as in “Su gi” meaning technology or technique; or sometimes “Sik/Sig” (Hangeul: 식 / Hanja: 式) meaning type or style. Tae Kwo Do info: Much of this terminology does not apply to Tae Kwon Do schools. Tae Kwon Do is a result of the unification of various Korean martial arts systems. This unification started in the late 1950s and resulted in many changes, including the “Korean‐ization” of the terminology. Many “Sino‐Korean” terms were dropped in favor of native Korean equivalents. For example Pumsae (품새) is used in place of Hyung (형/形), jileugi (지르기) in place of gong‐gyeog (공격/攻擊), etc. See the references section for some Tae Kwon Do terminology collections.