Spring Car Care

GOOD

CAR

APRIL 2013

Month

KEEPING

• Buying a Used Car • Vehicle History Report •

• Tire Maintenance • Lower Your Auto Insurance • • Daytime Visibility • Road Trip Tips • • Vehicle Recall Information •

DAILY NEWS NORFOLK

Monday, April 22, 2013

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

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Maintenance Applies To Your Vehicle’s Interior, Too Recent studies have estimated that many Americans spend as much as three hours a day in their cars. Over the course of a typical week, that’s almost one entire day behind the wheel. That not only translates to lots of face time with your vehicle’s interior, but it also provides ample opportunities for the buildup of dirt, grime, coffee, and food stains that can leave a car’s interior appearing haggard and worn.

In addition to robbing a car’s interior of its aesthetic appeal, the buildup of dirt and grease can also cause the vehicle to degrade over time. Though it’s common to associate vehicle maintenance with what’s under the hood, drivers should also make maintenance a priority for the vehicle’s interior. When cleaning a car’s interior, address each and every nook and cranny.

Consoles & Cup Holders Perhaps no part of a vehicle’s interior is more susceptible to dirt and grease buildup than the center console, which is typically home to a vehicle’s cup holders.

Spilled coffee or soda is something every driver can relate to.

Clean Under the Carpets Particularly after a long winter, a vehicle’s carpets can be a major eyesore.

Remove the floor mats and thoroughly vacuum any dirt buildup that might have multiplied with each winter snowstorm or spring shower. Your carpets will look better and last longer.

Address the Upholstery When buying a new car, many auto buyers are concerned about the car’s

potential resale value. That’s a genuine concern, as resale value is often influenced by more than just the number of miles on the odometer. Dirty upholstery is an instant turnoff for most used car buyers, so drivers should be diligent and clean their upholstery regularly, including immediately after any spills. Be careful when using water to clean the upholstery, as you don’t want any water getting into places that can damage electrical components or create a moldy smell.

Practice Preventive Care Much like humans, a car is susceptible to UV rays. Whereas a human would apply sunscreen to his or her skin to protect against sunburn, drivers can apply a UV-protectant product to their vehicle’s interior to guard against problems that often result from overexposure to the sun. Use cleaners specially formulated to protect a vehicle against UV rays that typically lead to fading, cracking, and aging.

What’s more, its non-greasy formula leaves surfaces with a film-free finish, ensuring the car’s interior will look and feel like new without suffering any harmful side effects of sun exposure.

Feature content for this section provided by Metro Editorial Services

NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Things to do Before Buying a Used Car Used cars can be quite a bargain.

Whether purchased from a dealer, private citizen or even a family member, a used or preowned vehicle can prove just as reliable as a new vehicle but at a fraction of the cost.

While plenty of people have had good experiences purchasing a used vehicle, consumers know that a used car is never a sure bet. However, shoppers can employ the following tips to learn as much about a used vehicle as possible before any money exchanges hands. * Ask for a vehicle history report. A vehicle history report can show potential buyers how many owners a vehicle has had as well as the vehicle’s accident history. A vehicle with several previous owners and an extensive accident history is one many consumers would prefer to avoid.

Consider it a red flag if a seller, be it a dealership or private seller, does not want to share the vehicle history report. For a nominal fee, the Department of Justice’s National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (www.nmvtis.org) provides information about a vehicle’s title, its odometer data and certain aspects of its accident history. * Test drive the car under as many conditions as possible. When test driving a used car, try to drive it in as many

conditions as possible. Test the vehicle on hills, in stop-and-go traffic and test how the vehicle responds to accelerated speeds on the freeway. * Have the vehicle inspected by your own mechanic. Once the vehicle changes ownership, it will need to pass inspection before you can legally drive it. However, many used cars are purchased as-is, meaning you won’t be protected if the vehicle fails inspection after you have paid for the car. As a result, it’s important to have the vehicle inspected by your own mechanic before any money changes hands. The mechanic can point out any issues with the vehicle and give his recommendation as to whether it’s worth buying. * Research the model of vehicle.

Before buying a used vehicle, it also helps to research the specific model. Some models have better reputations for longevity than others. Such research won’t necessarily be easy, but auto-related consumer magazines typically produce stories examining the frequency of repair and maintenance costs with specific models.

Buying a used car requires a leap of faith, but a few tricks of the trade can make consumers much more confident that they will find the right vehicle.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Routine Auto Service Never More Important

Given the turbulent economic news, consumers are tightening their belts and cutting back on spending. Delaying or ignoring routine automotive service is no exception, but a bad decision, according to the experts at the non-profit National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE).

Car care extends the life of your vehicle and can prevent minor problems from growing into much more expensive issues. Worn brake pads, if ignored, can escalate into more costly rotor repairs. A “check-engine” light may signal something as minor as the need to replace an inexpensive oxygen sensor. But if ignored, costly damage to the catalytic converter can ensue.

Nor should service intervals be ignored. Failure to change out the engine’s timing belt according to the owners manual’s schedule can result in major engine damage if the belt fails.

Must less dramatic are routine things such as scheduled oil changes, replacing dirty filters, or simply paying attention to tire pressure. These seemingly minor services help you get better gas mileage.

ASE -- the group that tests and certifies automotive technicians -- offers the following tips on locating a good repair shop: * Start shopping for a repair facility before you need one.

* Ask your friends and associates for recommendations; consult local consumer groups. * Arrange for transportation so you will not choose a shop based merely on location.

* Look for a well-organized facility, with vehicles in the parking lot equal in value to your own and modern equipment in the service bays. * The staff should be courteous and willing to answer your questions. * Look for policies on estimated repair costs, diagnostic fees, guarantees, and methods of payment. * Look for signs of professionalism such as civic, community or customer service awards. * Look for evidence of qualified technicians: trade school diplomas, certificates of advanced course work and certification by ASE. * And look for the blue and white ASE sign. * For major jobs ask whether the repair facility usually handles your type of repair work.

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The United States Department of Transportation defines three main types of distracted driving: Visual, manual and cognitive. Texting is considered one of the more dangerous forms of distracted driving because it involves all three main types.

To text, drivers must take their eyes off the road, their hands off the wheel and their mind off of driving. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration notes that distracted driving is a significant concern, as 20 percent of injury crashes in 2009 involved reports of distracted driving. Eighteen percent of fatalities in distractionrelated crashes involved reports of a cell phone as the distraction.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

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Travel Tips For a Safe and Successful Road Trip A good road trip can be the ultimate spring or summer experience. With the open road ahead, life’s troubles seem to melt and there’s just the oneness of the driver and the road.

For a road trip to be successful, it’s not just a matter of taking to the road and putting the pedal to the metal. There are a host of considerations to make, which can ensure safety and peace of mind when beginning your excursion. The hot sun that can bake the roadway -- and your body -- can also take its toll on your car, contributing to breakdowns. And there are other factors to be aware of.

Maintenance should never be overlooked when it comes to prepping for a road trip. At the least, The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recommends that drivers have their tires, battery, belts, fluids, and air conditioner checked by a qualified mechanic prior to starting any long trip. But the list does not stop there. There are many other precautions to heed before taking to the road. * Be sure to have all necessary documents on hand. Nothing can stall a road trip faster than getting pulled over by a police officer and being without your license, registration and proof of insurance. These are required documents to operate a vehicle, and it’s definitely worth a second check in your wallet and glove compartment to be sure they are where they should be. * Get an oil change. Driving long intervals can be taxing on a car engine, as can the start-and-stops associated with getting stuck in road trip traffic. Do yourself and your car a favor by getting an oil change to ensure there will be proper lubrication of the engine and that thick, old motor oil won’t contribute to a breakdown. * Update your GPS. If you will be

using a GPS device as your primary tool for navigation, update the device’s maps before departure. Roadways are always being changed, and without downloading the proper updates, you could end up driving in circles instead of moving on to your destination. In addition, many GPS models come equipped with pinpointing points of interest, or POI, such as restaurants, tourist areas, hotels, and rest stops, which should be update before beginning the trip. Follow the guidelines spelled out in the owner’s manual that comes with your GPS unit. Consumer Reports also advises knowing the local ordinances regarding GPS use. For example, a windshield-mounted unit is not allowed while driving in Minnesota. * Plan who will drive when. A long road trip -- one that will be done primarily in one day -- could necessitate splitting up the trip between two or more drivers. Not only does this banish boredom, it also reduces the risk of driver fatigue. NHTSA estimates that approximately 100,000 police-reported crashes in the United States each year involve drowsiness and/or fatigue. * Protect your eyes. The weather and the position of the sun could change depending on where you are driving. If you wear glasses or contacts for driving, be sure you have them with you. Keep a few pairs of sunglasses in your car to shield your eyes from sun glare. If the sun proves problematic, pull over for a little while or try an alternate route that prevents oncoming sun on the windshield.

While you are packing sunglasses, also be sure to bring along -- and wear -sunscreen, as the sun’s rays can be magnified through the window glass. * Bring along refreshments. Frequent stops for bathroom breaks and simply to stretch your legs are adviseable, but limit rest-stop fare whenever possible. Not only

do these foods tend to be unhealthy, they are often expensive. Keep your road trip budget down by packing healthy food and drinks that you can enjoy on the go. * Keep on top of your car’s fuel level.

Play it safe when gassing up the car. On rural roads or stretches of country with which you are unfamiliar, you never know how far away filling stations might be from one another. That means you should take the opportunity to top off the gas tank whenever you get the chance. This way you always will be confident you have enough gas to get to the next station. Don’t risk coasting into your destination on fumes, unless you want to arrive at your destination hitched to a tow truck. * Be wary of hitchhikers. Although hitchhikers are few and far between nowadays, there is still the possibility of coming across someone thumbing for a ride on the side of the road. Do not pick up a stranger who is hitchhiking, no

matter how reputable the person may seem. If you come across someone who has broken down, offer to call for help instead of allowing the person into the car. * Use the bathroom at every stop. You never know how few and far between restrooms will be. Unless the idea of a road-side pit stop is high on your list of road trip excitement, play it safe and use the restroom whenever stopping. Few things can make a stretch of road seem more interminable than the pressure of a full bladder. * Plan for sightseeing.

Part of the enjoyment of a road trip is to actually take the scenic route and enjoy roads which you may have never traveled before. This is not a race and no awards will be given out at the end for making good time. Therefore, slow down and enjoy the scenery. Isn’t that why you’re driving, after all?

Road trips seem to be an essential part of the spring and summer season. They can be all the more fun and safe when you heed a few road trip rules of the road.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Road Trip Tips for Spring Drivers Spring is a season of rebirth for many people, who welcome the warm weather with open arms, especially those who just endured a harsh winter. Spending time outdoors when the weather warms up is a popular pastime for many people each spring.

Road trips taken by college kids or high schoolers hitting the road for spring break or professionals and parents packing up the car for a weekend getaway have become synonymous with spring. A road trip is a great way to get outdoors and make the most of a warm day, but there are a few tricks of the trade drivers can employ to ensure their road trips are as enjoyable as possible. * Give your car a good wash. Drivers who live in areas with heavy snowfall should give their vehicles a thorough cleaning before hitting the road for a spring road trip. Salt and sand can build up on a vehicle over the course of a snowy winter, so a power washing will help remove excess salt, sand or dirt and help the car run more smoothly. * Get the vehicle a tune-up. A tune-up, including an oil change, should be part of your pre-trip planning. Make sure winter hasn’t caused any damage to the vehicle’s body and ask your mechanic to perform a thorough inspection of the vehicle’s suspension and brakes. If any problems arise, address them before embarking on

your road trip. * Subscribe to a roadside assistance program. Roadside assistance programs, whether it’s AAA or a program offered through your insurance company, provide a measure of security to road-trippers.

Many roadside assistance programs provide variety of emergency assistance for members, including: - towing service if your vehicle cannot start or operate safely, - battery service if your car’s battery needs a jump, - flat tire service if you get a flat tire and don’t have a spare or cannot change the tire yourself, - fuel delivery service if your car runs out of gas, and - lockout service if you lock your keys in the car.

These services can act as a safety net should an issue arise when you’re on the road and far away from home or far away from a service station. Keep your membership card in your wallet and store their customer service number in your cellular phone should you accidentally lose your membership card or lock it inside your car. * Bring cash as well as credit cards on the trip. When embarking on a road trip, don’t assume you will have ready access to an ATM on your trip or at your destination. This means you may reach a

friend, helping you find your way in places with which you are unfamiliar. Road navigation systems can alert you to traffic conditions while providing directions and alternate routes. Some systems will even alert you to nearby filling stations, lodging or restaurants.

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point when you have no cash on hand.

While it’s a good idea to bring some cash along on the trip, bring a credit card or cards as well should you find yourself with no cash. A major credit card, such as a Mastercard, American Express or Visa, is likely to be accepted at most filling stations. * Invest in a road navigation system. A road navigation system can be your best

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Driving a new vehicle off of the sales lot can be exciting. Brand-new vehicles are supposed to be reliable and free from maintenance concerns. However, sometimes manufacturers recall a vehicle, forcing drivers to visit the auto body shop sooner than they had hoped.

According to the Auto Insurance Organization, 390 million vehicles have been recalled since the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act became law in 1966. Vehicles are recalled for a variety of reasons, including poorly performing tires, faulty pieces of motor vehicle equipment and unsafe child safety seats.

From 2009 to 2010, Toyota alone recalled 8.5 million cars, the single largest recall in history.

It can be disconcerting to learn that your vehicle is being recalled. The uneasiness of driving a potentially dangerous vehicle coupled with the prospect of being without a car can be daunting.

Vehicle manufacturers must notify consumers that a recall is in place. But sometimes a vehicle owner may not be aware that there is a recall. In the event of large recalls, like the recent ones involving

Toyota and Bridgestone Tires, the story makes the national news. But there are other ways drivers can stay current on recall information to ensure their personal safety.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, an arm of the U.S. Department of Transportation, is a source of information on vehicle recalls.

Their database dates back to 1966. The NHTSA provides information on equipment recalls, entire vehicle recalls, child safety seat recalls, and tire recalls.

There also is information on school bus recalls.

Individuals can visit www.Recalls.gov and select the categories they want to check. To check recalls on a particular motor vehicle, select that category, enter the make and model as well as the year, and the information about any recalls will appear.

Recall information can help save lives and prevent injuries. It is important to be aware of recalls to ensure the vehicle you’re driving is as safe as possible.

NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

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Tire Maintenance Essential to Staying Safe Maintaining a vehicle is a great way to stay safe on the road while extending the car’s life. Routine maintenance can keep a car running like new for years as long as vehicle owners stay on top of things and stick to a maintenance schedule.

Most drivers are aware of when to get their oil changed and other fluids checked, but not all drivers know how to maintain their vehicle’s tires. Proper tire maintenance makes a car safer for drivers and their passengers and can even pad a driver’s pocket with a little extra money. * Routinely check tire pressure. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration notes that tire-related crashes are most often caused by underinflated tires. Underinflation isn’t always caused by a leak. In fact, gradual loss of pressure is natural, particularly when the seasons change and temperatures dip. An underinflated tire makes handling difficult and can even cause structural damage to a vehicle.

Drivers should check their vehicle’s tire pressure at least once a month. Those who have long commutes should check their tire pressure more frequently, and it’s always a good idea to check tire pressure before and after a long road trip. Recommended tire pressures are listed in the owner’s manual. * Look for abnormal wear and tear.

Tires will wear down over time, gradually losing tread. However, drivers should inspect tires for excessive wear and tear, which could be indicative of other issues, including underinflation and alignment problems with steering and suspension.

Additional issues to look for include bulges or cracks on the sidewalls or tread and any signs of a punctured tire. * Rotate tires. Most drivers have heard of tire rotation but might not know how often tires should be rotated or even why rotation is necessary. The owner’s manual will solve the first problem, identifying how often tires should be rotated (most suggest every 6,000 miles). As for why it’s good to rotate tires, doing so helps achieve even tread and extend the life of the tires. Tires are expensive, and rotation can help drivers get more bang for their buck. Drivers of front-wheel drive vehicles will notice their front tires wear down faster than their rear tires.

That’s because the front tires are doing most of the work, bearing the brunt of

the force of braking, steering and driving. Rotating tires effectively levels the playing field. * Stay balanced. Sometimes tires become unbalanced. When taking a car in for routine maintenance, ask the mechanic to see if there are any issues regarding balance. Out of balance tires can cause significant issues that stretch beyond just uneven tread wear. An out of balance tire can wear down the vehicle’s suspension. When driving at highway speeds, drivers might notice a considerable thumping. This is often indicative of an out of balance tire. * Stay cool. Sudden tire failure can often be traced back to overheated tires. A tire can overheat for a number of reasons, including aggressive driving.

Frequently driving on coarse surfaces or at high speeds can also increases tire temperatures, as does ambient temperature. Driving at high speeds on a very hot day increases the risk of sudden tire failure, as does driving at high speeds on coarse surfaces. To reduce tire temperature, avoid doing these things simultaneously. If it’s an especially hot

day, for example, don’t drive aggressively and maintain lower speeds. * Don’t mix and match. A vehicle’s balance can be affected significantly if owners mix and match their tires.

Having different tires on the left and right sides is likely to upset a car’s balance. When installing tires, do so in front or rear pairs or even complete sets.

Pairs should also be the same size, brand and type, and should have the same tread wear as well. Should one tire go bad, it’s almost always worth it to buy two tires. When buying two, always put the two new tires on the rear wheels, regardless of which type of transmission (rear-wheel drive, all-wheel drive, etc.) the vehicle has. The rear wheels need maximum traction so the vehicle can remain stable. * Don’t overload a tire. Check tires for their maximum load range, which will be listed on the tire sidewall. This maximum load should never be exceeded. Doing so will increase tire wear and shorten the tire’s life.

Excessive load also increases the risk of sudden tire failure. It’s important to note the maximum passenger and cargo load intended by the vehicle manufacturer is often significantly less than what the vehicle can actually hold.

But drivers must adhere to this figure to ensure their vehicles are safe and reduce the risk of sudden tire failure.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Preventive Maintenance Keeps Your Car on the Road Many motorists bemoan the myriad costs associated with owning a vehicle.

According to the National Automobile Dealers Association, the average price for a new car in the United States is slightly more than $28,000. But as any vehicle owner knows, that sticker price is only the beginning. The cost of maintaining a vehicle and keeping it on the road is not exactly small potatoes.

As the economy begins to rebound, a significant percentage of motorists have resolved to keep their vehicles on the road longer in an effort to stretch their automobile dollars. That’s a sound resolution, and one that is not necessarily difficult to accomplish.

Contrary to popular belief, cars are built to last, and it’s often a vehicle owner’s poor habits that reduce a car’s life expectancy as opposed to the vehicle manufacturer’s shoddy product. Drivers looking to lengthen their vehicle’s lifespan can employ preventive maintenance that should keep a car running strong for years to come.

Air Filter When examining the vehicle’s air filter (check the vehicle manual for location), look for dirt or dust buildup.

If the filter is filthy, simply replace it.

Auto parts stores sell air filters, and

most drivers shouldn’t have trouble replacing a filter by themselves. A dirty air filter can negatively effect fuel economy and make it seem as though a vehicle is constantly going uphill in a stiff wind. When a dirty air filter is replaced, drivers will notice an instant impact in how the car drives and are likely to save a few dollars at the filling station as well.

Belts and Hoses Issues with belts or hoses are often recognizable to the naked eye, regardless of a driver’s automotive skill.

A hose in poor condition can appear bulging or brittle, and should not feel too soft or too hard. If a hose exhibits any of these symptoms, replace it. A belt that’s worn or frayed should also be replaced.

Brake Fluid One of the more expensive repair jobs on a vehicle is to replace the brakes.

Brakes will need to be replaced over the course of a vehicle’s lifespan, but drivers should routinely check the vehicle’s brake fluid. Without sufficient brake fluid, the brakes’ lifespan decreases dramatically. Checking the brake fluid is easy, simply look in the owner’s manual to find brake fluid reservoir and remove

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the lid (some vehicles might require the lid be unscrewed). The reservoir will likely have instructions on the inside advising how much brake fluid should be added. If the fluid is below the line of demarcation, add fluid up to that line.

But be careful not to overfill. Check the brake fluid levels on a monthly basis.

inspected on a monthly basis. Checking power steering is the same as checking the oil, but it helps to also inspect the pump for any leaks.

Tires Keeping tires properly inflated pays numerous dividends. Properly inflated tires make it easier for the engine to operate, lowering fuel costs while also Motor Oil decreasing wear and tear on the engine.

Oil change guidelines have changed The owner’s manual should list a dramatically thanks to better cars and recommended tire pressure, and the more reliable motor oils. But it still local filling station likely has an air helps to check motor oil levels after every fill up. If motor oil levels are low, pump.

Maintaining tires also involves add more oil. If oil is significantly low after each fill up, consult a mechanic just checking for wear and tear. Uneven wear could indicate the tires are to be safe. misaligned. Discuss this with your mechanic.

Exhaust Once a year, be it at a routine tuneup or should repair work be necessary, ask Transmission Fluid When checking transmission fluid, do your mechanic to check the vehicle’s so while the car is running and after the emissions. Failing an emissions test engine has warmed up. Always be might be against the law, and a failed certain to put the parking brake on test could be indicative of a larger when checking transmission fluid. If the problem. vehicle needs transmission fluid, add the In addition, inspect the muffler and exhaust pipe for holes, particularly after recommended fluid but be careful not to overfill. winter, when debris from snow trucks Prolonging a vehicle’s lifespan is not may do significant damage. Replace any as difficult as it sounds. Oftentimes, all it damaged or rusted parts. takes is minor, yet routine, maintenance to keep a car on the road for years and Power Steering years.

Power steering fluid should also be

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

How to Lower Your CALL Auto Insurance Costs Many motorists rarely think about their auto insurance policies. Among an adult’s many monthly or annual expenses, once signed, an auto insurance policy is essentially forgotten. However, with a few simple tips, drivers can significantly reduce the cost of their auto insurance.

* Say so long to your muscle car.

The type of vehicle you drive can also impact your bottom line. Drivers facing a financial crunch might want to look at what’s parked in their driveways. In their 2012 ranking of the most and least expensive vehicles to insure, Insure.com found that high-priced vehicles with powerful engines that trace their origins to Europe garnered the highest insurance quotes. Such vehicles tend to crash more, leading to more expensive injuries while costing more to repair. The average cost of insuring the Audi R8 Spyder Quattro Convertible, for example, was more than $3,300 in 2012. Meanwhile, the four-cylinder Toyota Sienna LE minivan was the least expensive vehicle to insure in 2012, with owners paying an average of just more than $1,100 to insure the vehicle. So while that sporty convertible might make driving more fun, those good times come at a steep price. * Put safety first. Insurance companies value a vehicle’s safety features, and drivers can take advantage of that by putting safety at the top of their vehicle wish lists. The Insurance Institute For Highway Safety (www.iihs.org) annually ranks the

* Combine policies. Drivers who also own their homes should consider combining their policies if they haven’t already. Allstate(R) claims that its policy holders who combine their insurance policies can save as much as 35 percent on homeowners insurance and an additional 10 percent on their auto insurance. Newlyweds who still have separate policies can save by combining coverage, as can drivers who also own boats or recreational vehicles that are not currently insured under the same policy. * Let your provider know if you’ve changed your driving habits. Drivers who drive a lot tend to pay more for auto insurance than drivers who don’t drive very often. That’s because insurance companies offer low mileage discounts that reward drivers who don’t drive very often. Let your provider know if you no longer have a long commute to work, are unemployed, participate in a carpool, or take public transportation to work. Any of those things might make you eligible for a low mileage discount.

Drivers looking to save money might be able to adjust their auto insurance policy to earn substantial savings.

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* Reexamine your coverage. As a vehicle ages, it’s wise for men and women to reexamine that vehicle’s coverage. Older vehicles without much market value, for example, probably don’t need collision or comprehensive coverage. That’s because your claims on older vehicles are not likely to exceed your deductible, so paying for collision or comprehensive coverage on an older vehicle is essentially paying for something you’re never going to use.

Another area where motorists frequently spend more than they need is on personal injury protection.

Chances are, men and women with health insurance are just duplicating coverage by paying for more than the bare minimum personal injury protection under their auto insurance policies. The same holds true for men and women with adequate life and disability insurance.

safest vehicles by category, including minicars, small cars, large family cars, midsize SUVs, and a host of other categories. To save on auto insurance, choose a vehicle that the IIHS deems a winner when it comes to safety. These vehicles tend to boast a host of safety features, including air bags, anti-lock brakes and daytime running lights.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Daytime Visibility Just as Important as Nighttime Visibility Visibility is something many motorists take for granted, especially during the day, when sunlight tends to make drivers less cautious than they might be at night. But as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration notes, more traffic accidents occur during daylight hours than at night, when headlights make vehicles more visible to other motorists and more pedestrians are walking around.

Though many drivers feel more comfortable during daylight hours, pedestrians and oncoming traffic are not always easy to see, especially when weather and road conditions are unfavorable. Fortunately, there are easy ways for drivers to improve their daytime visibility. * Install LED daytime running lights.

Being seen while driving in the daytime is just as essential for a driver’s safety as being able to see when driving at night.

Daytime running lights, or DRLs, are an effective way of improving visibility because they make the vehicle more detectable during daylight hours and dusk, when a motorist’s visibility is reduced. Studies have shown that DRLs reduce multiple-vehicle daytime accidents by as much as 11 percent, effectively preventing daytime head-on and front-corner collisions by making it easier to see a vehicle, particularly as it approaches from far away.

Some cars have daytime running lights

Streets provide means of transportation for motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians. When so many different people come together on the roadways, particularly of varied shapes and sizes, there’s the potential for safety problems if everyone isn’t working together.

Although most drivers must pass a test and driver education classes, including practice on roadways, the same testing measures are not in place for cyclists. Even though bicycles are not powered vehicles, they are governed by the same rules of the road as trucks, cars and motorcycles.

While there may be the potential for injury, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that it is relatively low when safety procedures are met. At the forefront of bicycle safety is wearing a helmet. Males of the age 9 to 15 cycling in the summer without a helmet make up the highest number of bicycle incidents in the United States, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Even with low incidences of bicyclerelated injuries, it may still be prudent

based off their headlamps. These are not very bright and can ultimately cause the lamps to wear out prematurely. Philips LED DayLight DRLs are equipped with high-powered LUXEON(R) LEDs that project a powerful, bright white light and a wide beam, making a vehicle more visible to fellow motorists as well as pedestrians. In addition, the Philips LED DRLs allow drivers to switch from using their standard headlights to an LED light source during the daytime, extending the life of the headlights while drawing less power from the vehicle. * Routinely check windshield washer fluid. Some vehicles have just one reservoir for windshield washer fluid,

while others equipped with a rear wiper typically have two. Locate these reservoirs and make sure there is an adequate amount of fluid in each, especially during the winter and early spring months when snow and debris such as sand or salt from the roadways can accumulate on the windshield and make it difficult to see. If the reservoir is empty, but you are out of windshield washer fluid, do not use water as a replacement, as water can freeze and cause damage to the reservoir and hoses. * Inspect wipers and replace the blades if they are sacrificing visibility.

Old or worn out wiper blades can also

Share the Road Safely

for avid cyclists to take a class or refresh their knowledge of bicycle rules of the road. In most areas of North America, bicycles and tricycles can be operated on all roads unless otherwise prohibited.

Areas where bicycles are often prohibited include bridges and tunnels.

A drivers’ license is not needed to operate a bicycle, but rules may vary if the bicycle is powered or has been modified with a small engine. It is best to check with the Department of Motor Vehicles to determine the rules where you live.

Cyclists must ride on the same side of the road as vehicular traffic and in the same direction. Just like motorists, cyclists must obey all traffic control signs and signals. Both cyclists and motorists should yield the right-of-way to each other -- one does not have preference in right of way.

Many cyclists fail to signal their turns and ride in a predictable manner. This can be dangerous and lead to accidents.

Hand signals can be used to indicate turning intentions if electronic signals are not installed. If riding at night or during dusk, a headlight and reflectors

can help promote visibility, as can a rear, red flashing light.

Riding on roads is not as safe as riding on sidewalks, but most cities and towns prohibit the riding of bicycles on sidewalks, particularly in urban centers.

When any riding is done, a helmet should be worn for personal safety -- it also may be the law.

Because bicycles may be harder to see and hear than cars and motorcycles, there are some other safety precautions cyclists can take to avoid accidents. * Do not ride in the blind spots of other vehicles. * Do not assume you can overtake or pass a vehicle that has the power to go much more quickly than you. * Do not follow cars too closely to allow for adequate reaction time. * Wear light colored or reflective clothing so that motorists can see you on the road. * Use a bell or horn for further indication that you are in the area.

negatively impact visibility. Ford Motor Company recommends drivers inspect their vehicle’s wiper blades at least once every six months or as soon as they fail to clear your windshield completely or leave streaks. Older vehicles with pitting on the windshield tend to be harder on wiper blades, so drivers who have cars with some extra years under their belt should inspect their blades more frequently. * Clean interior glass and mirrors.

Interior glass can suffer from film buildup that can reduce a driver’s vision, especially during daytime hours when such buildup can create a hazy reflection from the sun. This film can be especially thick in cars where drivers or their passengers routinely smoke.

In addition to cleaning the interior glass, keep the rearview and side mirrors clean and properly adjusted so your vision is not compromised while driving. Drivers should be able to see all of the views around the back of the car, especially the blind spots along both sides of the vehicle. When cleaning or adjusting the rearview mirror, remove any trinkets or other items hanging from the mirror. Such items might add some personality or aesthetic appeal, but they can also prove a significant distraction and make it difficult for drivers to see the road.

* Do not assume that because you are on a bicycle you can dart in and out of traffic. * Be aware of parked cars on the side of the road. SmartMotorist.com says that approximately 5 percent of bicycle accidents occur when someone opens a parked car door in front of an oncoming bike.

Along the same vein, motorists can be more aware of cyclists on the road. * Give cyclists a safe distance when passing. * Slow down when passing a cyclist. * Do not assume you have dominance over the cyclist. * Do not try to goad the cyclist or scare him or her by veering in the direction. This cat-and-mouse game can be dangerous.

Cyclists and motorists can share the streets safely when they use some common sense and follow the same rules of the road.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Things to Look For on a Vehicle History Report A vehicle history report can be a used car buyer’s best friend. Whereas in the past buyers bought used cars and hoped for the best, today’s used car buyers can rely on a vehicle history report to tell them all about the vehicle while helping buyers make more informed decisions.

When shopping for a preowned vehicle, you should always ask for a vehicle history report, regardless of whether you’re buying from a dealership or a private citizen. If the seller refuses, it’s time to look elsewhere. When a seller eagerly provides a vehicle history report, buyers should examine a few things on the report so they can be more comfortable should they ultimately purchase the vehicle. * Number of previous owners: All vehicle history reports list how many owners a vehicle has had in the past. In general, the more owners a vehicle has had, the more risk you’re assuming as the buyer. Vehicles that tend to change hands often are less likely to have been well maintained.

In addition to how many owners a car has had, look at who those owners were.

Vehicles that were once owned by a rental

car company, for instance, were likely not treated very well, as few people care how much abuse their rental car endures.

However, a car once owned by a rental agency likely has lots of highway miles on it, and such driving is less taxing on a vehicle than city driving where the vehicle’s engine is stopping and starting more frequently. * Specifics: Just because a seller provides you with a vehicle history report does not necessarily mean that report matches up with the vehicle you might be buying. A dishonest seller might try to pass off the history report of another vehicle of the same make and model as his own. This is done to hide a suspect vehicle history or even when thieves are selling a stolen car to an unsuspecting buyer. Check the vehicle identification number, or VIN, on the vehicle to ensure the car you’re looking at matches the car on the history report. In addition, each vehicle history report describes the car, so if the description does not match you might be holding an inaccurate report. * Location: The vehicle history report will show where the car has lived over the

years. Vehicles that have spent ample time in harsh weather, such as Alaska or another region with a prolonged winter, have likely had their share of weatherrelated wear and tear, more so than a car driven in warmer climates. While this does not mean past owners didn’t properly maintain the car, some buyers might be wary of purchasing a vehicle that has endured too many harsh winters. * Physical appearance: Does the physical appearance of the car match up with its history report? Sometimes a vehicle owner does not report when a car has been in an accident. Owners might do this to avoid higher insurance premiums or

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Things to Know About Motor Oil When it comes to taking care of their vehicles, many motorists prefer to be overly cautious. While that’s not necessarily a bad thing, there are times when being too cautious can unnecessarily cost you money.

Motor oil, and when to change that oil, has long been a point of contention.

Many drivers grew up being told that motor oil should be changed every 3,000 miles. However, that myth has been debunked for many of today’s vehicles, which should come with suggested intervals between oil changes. According to Edmunds.com, in 2010 the average interval for oil changes was 7,800 miles.

In addition to changing a car’s motor oil less frequently, there are other things drivers should know about motor oil. * Oil does not necessarily need to be changed before a long trip. Taking a trip?

While it’s good to have your car examined before embarking, if the recommended oil change interval is not up, then you do not need to preemptively change your oil. Such a change is likely unnecessary and will not improve the performance of your vehicle during the trip. * Black oil does not necessitate a change. Conventional wisdom once suggested if the oil on the dipstick is black then it needs to be changed. But nowadays automotive professionals are noting that black oil is doing its job and different additives might be changing the oil’s color, which means the oil doesn’t need to be changed. * You can use petroleum-based oil

after using synthetic. Another longstanding myth regarding motor oil was that once you use a synthetic motor oil instead of a petroleum-based oil you have to continue using synthetic oil, which is often more expensive than more traditional motor oil, in order to avoid harming the vehicle. However, automotive professionals have noted that these two types of oils are now often blended, meaning switching back and forth from one to the other is not likely to cause any damage to your vehicle. Just be sure to use motor oil that meets the standards set forth in your vehicle’s owner’s manual. * Consider an earlier oil change after buying a new vehicle. Sometimes a new vehicle will need an oil change after its first 3,000 miles. However, this does not mean your vehicle will need one every 3,000 miles. According to Blackstone Laboratories, who study motor oil, oil samples taken from engines during their initial 3,000 miles of driving had elevated metal levels from the camshafts and pistons. These elevated levels will not necessarily be harmful, but some auto manufacturers recommend a shorter initial interval just to be safe. Honda, however, includes an anti-wear additive in their break-in oil and advises against changing their oil early. Consult your owner’s manual to determine if it’s best to change your oil after the initial 3,000 miles or to let it go until the recommended interval.

to mask the vehicle’s history because they intend to sell the car down the road. If a car exhibits any signs of body work that aren’t on its history report or if the car drives awkwardly but has supposedly not been in an accident, buyers should consider this a major red flag and strongly consider walking away from the vehicle and continuing their search elsewhere.

A vehicle history report can calm the fears of a buyer shopping for a preowned vehicle. But even when a report is made available, buyers should still examine the report closely to ensure the vehicle is all it’s cracked up to be.

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NORFOLK DAILY NEWS, Monday, April 22, 2013

Boredom be Gone!

Gadgets a Friend to Road Weary Travelers In the past, road trip entertainment consisted of conversation between passengers or listening to the radio. In most cases, that radio was tuned to the oldies station, much to the chagrin of anyone under the age of 40 in the car.

Nowadays, the bevy of electronic gadgets to entertain bored or road weary travelers has grown by leaps and bounds.

The travel portion of any road trip was often something to dread. Children chanting the incessant “are we there yet” could often push adults to the brink of insanity. Luckily, today’s road trippers have a number of devices at their disposal to help keep people, including the kids, entertained.

It used to be that AM or FM radio was the standard choice when driving.

While it’s true that some taking road trips packed enough CDs along to keep on rotation, most others relied on the radio. But as anyone who has driven 100 miles or more from their home base knows, stations change and static prevails on many numbers on the dial.

Satellite radio is one option that can keep favorite tunes playing consistently.

Others prefer to load up the Mp3 player with a long catalog of songs so there is always something being played.

For kids riding along, many a parent

has uttered a sigh of relief when turning on a DVD player in the car. Many family mobiles feature the option for an onboard DVD player, but they tend to be expensive. DVD units with headrest screens are available at many big box retailers for a fraction of the cost and just as much convenience. Audio may be transmitted to the car’s speakers or headsets, depending on personal preference.

Digital games in handheld devices can ease the boredom of long car trips.

Having a game on hand passes time and can also stimulate the brain.

For those who want to enjoy a little relaxation along the way, seat massagers that plug into a DC power outlet in the car or even through a USB port can offer a soothing massage while on the road.

For those who cannot live without an Internet connection, a mobile WiFi account enables everyone in the car to go online while on the road. This can also be an advantage if the GPS system breaks down or if you need to search for a restaurant or pit stop.

The conveniences of modern technology take the work and boredom out of long road trips and can turn a

driving vacation into something fun. As a safety precaution, the majority of these

gadgets should never be operated by the driver while the vehicle is in motion.

These Gadgets Make Driving Safer While many popular gadgets are geared toward entertainment, some are aimed at making life safer for consumers.

Such is the case with the following gadgets and innovations, each of which makes the roadways safer for drivers and their passengers. * Blind spot detectors: Blind spot detectors and intervention systems use radar or image detectors on side mirrors to determine if an object is in the car’s blind spots. Intervention systems are connected to the braking system of the car. The systems pull the vehicle back to safety should the driver attempt to change lanes into potential danger. While this technology has the potential to prevent accidents, sometimes the detectors offer false positive warnings, picking up oncoming traffic, parked cars and even trees. * Back-up cameras: In an era of monster-sized vans and trucks, some drivers have difficulty gauging the length

of the vehicle with respect to items behind it. Also, taller vehicles may have obstructed vision in the back by the rear bumper, which can be a safety hazard should a child or object be in the path of the auto. The camera can provide an image of what’s behind the vehicle to better assess whether it’s safe to go in reverse. A beeping sound or other signal also may alert to a potential obstruction. * Lane departure warning: This mechanism is designed to warn a driver when a vehicle begins to move out of its lane, unless a turn signal is activated to alert to the lane change. These systems use a camera or another tracking device to pick up on the visual lines on a roadway, accommodating for turns. Some will signal with an audible sound, visual notification or a vibration of the steering wheel if the driver is veering into another lane. Other systems will work in concert with the steering to keep the car in its lane.

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