CREATIVE THINKING, CRITICAL THINKING AND ANALYTICAL THINKING
Lecture Content (1) Part 1 – Creative Thinking i. What constitute a Creative Idea? ii. Tips To Enhance Creative Thinking iii. Creative Thinking Tools: [Five (5) Classic Creativity Methods] & [Reverse Brainstorming] & [Lotus Blossom Technique] vii. When to use Creative Thinking Mode?
Lecture Content (2) Part 2 – Critical Thinking i. Definitions of Critical Thinking ii. Tips to Enhance Critical Thinking iii. When to use Critical Thinking Mode? Part 3 – Analytical Thinking i. Definitions of Analytical Thinking ii. Tips to Enhance Analytical Thinking iii. Analytical Thinking Tools [5W + 1H]& [Ishikawa Diagram] iv. When to use Analytical Thinking Mode? Final Part – Conclusion and Q&A
CREATIVE THINKING
What Constitute A Creative Idea? STRANGE NEW
BENEFICIAL
INTERESTING
UNIQUE …………….
Creative Thinking
Tips to Enhance Creative Thinking (1) 1. Find your own “Creative Period” – a time period where your creativity is at its peak and “Creative Trigger” – a specific trigger which start your creative ability going 2. Find a friend who could be your “sounding board” 3. Leave whatever problem you are thinking for a while – Refresh yourselves
Creative Thinking
Tips to Enhance Creative Thinking (2) 4.
Use the Web to help you generate and diverged your ideas – Yahoo it, Google it, Altavista it, Youtube it, Bing it, Flickr it, Wiki it, Vimeo it …
5.
Attend talks, seminars, courses, forums and discussions regarding ways to enhance your thinking skills
6.
Eat ‘Food for the Brain’
7.
Befriend a Creative Person
8.
Read, read, read and read some more
9.
Use Creative Thinking Tools
Creative Thinking
Blueprint for Success
Creative Thinking Tools 1.
Five (5) Classic Creativity Methods [Robert Harris, 2002] 2. Reverse Brainstorming 3. Lotus Blossom Technique [Michael Michalko, 2006]
Creative Thinking
Five Classic Creativity Methods No. 1 - Evolution
Creative Thinking
Evolution: This is the method of incremental improvement. New ideas stem from other ideas, new solutions from previous ones, the new ones slightly improved over the old ones
Example, look at the history of the automobile. With each new model, improvements are made. Each new model builds upon the collective creativity of previous models, so that over time, improvements in economy, comfort, and durability take place
Five Classic Creativity Methods No. 2 - Synthesis Synthesis: With this method, two or more existing ideas are combined into a third, new idea Example, someone noticed that a lot of people like to have some coffee and muffins while surfing the Web. Why not combine these two activities into one? Thus, the ‘Internet Café,’ was born Now, there are a lot of restaurant which also provide ‘Wifi’ to customers. This is also an example of synthesis in action
Creative Thinking
Five Classic Creativity Methods No. 3 - Revolution Revolution: Sometimes the
best new idea is a totally different idea from its previous one
Example, audio recording and playback have been revolutionized completely. From using Vinyl as medium then cassettes then CD and now stored digitally inside IPods
Creative Thinking
Five Classic Creativity Methods No. 4 - Reapplication Reapplication: Look at something old in a new way. Discover how something can be reapplied. The key is to see beyond the previous applications to see what other application is possible Example, an old unwanted perfume bottle can be used as ‘pepper spray’ in case of emergency
Creative Thinking
Five Classic Creativity Methods No. 5 – Changing Direction Changing Direction:
Many creative breakthroughs occur when attention is shifted from one angle of a problem to another. This is sometimes called creative insight Example: “The Case of Senator A Presidential Campaign”
Creative Thinking
Reverse Brainstorming
In Reverse Brainstorming, Instead of asking “How do I achieve these results?" you ask, How could I possibly achieve the opposite effect?" Example, If you want to find out ways to save the Planet, you ask the opposite question - “How could we shorten the life of our planet?” And the possible answers are: Use aerosol spray as often as you can Cut down trees like there is no tomorrow Throw everything inside the river Do not do any sort of treatment to the chemical waste that comes out of our factory Stop all research to produce safer, cleaner, sustainable energy sources Stop all recycle initiatives Then you flip back the negative answer to the positive side
Creative Thinking
Lotus Blossom Technique Lotus Blossom Technique
Introduce by Michael Michalko, author of ‘ Thinkertoys,’ ‘ThinkPak’, and ‘Cracking Creativity’ originally developed by Yasuo Matsumura, Director of the Clover Management Research, Japan
Creative Thinking
Steps in Lotus Blossom Technique (1) 1. Write the central problem in the center of the diagram.
Creative Thinking
2. Write the significant themes, components or dimensions of your subject in the circles labelled A to H surrounding the central theme. If you have more than eight, make additional diagrams. Ask questions like: What are my specific objectives? What are the constants in my problem? If my subject were a book, what would the chapter headings be? What are the dimensions of my problem? 3. Use the ideas written in the circles as the central themes for the surrounding lotus blossom petals or boxes. Thus, the idea or application you wrote in Circle A would become the central theme for the lower middle box A. 4. Continue the process until the lotus blossom diagram is completed. 5. Evaluate the Ideas.
Steps in Lotus Blossom Technique (2)
Creative Thinking
When to Use Creative Thinking Mode?
Creative Thinking
CRITICAL THINKING
Definitions of Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Objective examination of assumptions underlying current beliefs to assess their correctness and legitimacy [www.businessdictionary.com]
The ability to analyze facts, generate and organize ideas, defend opinions, make comparisons, draw inferences, evaluate arguments and solve problems [Paul Chance (1986) Thinking in the Classroom]
The process of thinking clearly, with accuracy and precision; of thinking carefully, with logic and depth; and of thinking open-mindedly, by examining points of view and acknowledging assumptions and biases within a given viewpoint
[www.criticalreading.com ]
Tips to Enhance Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking
1. Be an expert in the fields you need to be critical about 2. Learn from individuals who are good in asking sound, critical questions 3. In all issues, try to ‘hear’ more than both sides of the story 4. Learn to ‘read’ what is explicit and what is implicit 5. Use the web to learn more about critical thinking 6. Attend talks, seminars, courses, forums and discussions regarding ways to enhance your thinking skills
CriticaltoThinking ToolsThinking and Guideline When Use Critical Mode?
Critical Thinking
ANALYTICAL THINKING
Definitions of Analytical Thinking The ability to scrutinize and break down facts and thoughts into their strengths and weaknesses
[Cairo University - http://pathways.cu.edu.eg]
Understanding a situation by breaking it apart into smaller pieces, or tracing the implications of a situation in a step-bystep causal way [www.breakouofthebox.com]
An offshoot of critical thinking. It involves standing back from the information given and examining it in detail. Checking its accuracy, the logical flow in thoughts, looking for the possible flaws in the reasoning, comparing it from the point of view of others, being able to understand why different conclusions are possible, and checking for any hidden assumptions [Asian School of Business Student Discussion Forum]
Analytical Thinking
Tips to Enhance Analytical Thinking 1. Practice breakdown big issues into its component parts 2. Ask those involve in the issue what are their main concerns regarding the issue and what are the supporting ideas 3. Categorize components of the issue into suitable subheading or grouping 4. Learn to separate facts from opinions, fictions, unproven hypotheses, and hearsay 5. Learn to separate facts into three categories – important, unimportant, totally irrelevant 6. Attend talks, seminars, courses, forums and discussions regarding ways to enhance your thinking skills 7. Use Analytical Tools
Analytical Thinking
Analytical Thinking Tool
Analytical Thinking
Journalistic Six or 5W+1H
Analytical Thinking
No.
5W+1H
Examples
1
What? (An Act)
What is the real issue? What is the problem? What is your goal? What is it that you want to achieve? What really happened? What went wrong? What is the current situation?
2
Where? (A Scene or The Source)
Where did it happen? Where are we now? Where do we want to go? Where do we find what we need?
3
When? (Time or Timing)
When will it happen? When did it happen? When is the most suitable time? When will it finish?
4
Why? (Purpose or Objectives)
Why did it happen? Why should we act? Why are they so successful? Why did we fail?
5
Who? (Actor Who is involved? Who is the stakeholders? Who did it? Who is the victim? Who or Agent) benefit from this? Who is the expert on this matter?
6
How? (The Methods)
How did it happen? How can we prevent it? How could we achieve our goals? How could we improve on this?
Journalistic Six or 5W+1H Exercise
Analytical Thinking
Fishbone / Ishikawa / Cause and Effect Diagram
Analytical Thinking
An analytical tool to identify the possible causes of a particular issue an breaking it down to several distinctive groupings that would be easier to manage and solve The possible groupings are: • The 7 M’s [Man, Machine, Material, Method, Management, Maintenance, Environment] • The 8 P's [Price, Promotion, People, Processes, Place / Plant, Policies, Procedures & Product (or Service)] (recommended for administration and service industry) • The 4 S's [Surroundings, Suppliers, Systems, Skills] (recommended for service industry) •
Fishbone / Ishikawa / Cause and Effect Diagram
Analytical Thinking
When to Use Analytical Thinking?
Analytical Thinking