Abstract • Features, such as ephemeral messaging, encryption, and trail obfuscation, encourage users to communicate more freely whilst feeling secure that third parties are not intercepting their data. However, these features also encourage criminal usage as they are advertised as offering messaging that ensures that only the intended receiver can access. • The study focuses on WhatsApp, Signal, Snapchat, and Telegram. Four popular applications that make use of a range of anti-forensic features. The use of these applications by criminals is increasing due to the secureness these features advertise • This study aims to identify what data can be recovered from Snapchat, WhatsApp, Signal and Telegram and seeing which (if any) of these artefacts could be used as evidence in a criminal investigation. Using an iPhone and Android, alongside Cellebrite.
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