Policy on ac for children khmer by Novctf Ratha

RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt

eKalneya)ay sþIBI karEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar

Exemsa qñaM2006

matika TMB½r

TI1 ³ GarmÖkfa ......................................................................................................................... 1-2 TI2 ³ sarlixitrbs; semþc h‘un Esn naykrdæmRnþIénraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ..................... 3-4 TI3 ³ RbkassþIBIkardak;eGayGnuvtþeKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar ...... 5-6 TI4 ³ eKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar .............................................................. 7-36 I. esckþIepþIm................................................................................................................ 7 II. TsSnaTanGMBIkarEfTaMCMnYs ................................................................................. 10 III. KMrUénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar ............................................................................... 11 1> karEfTaMeRkAmNÐl .................................................................................................... 11 k- karEfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’ ............................................................................... 11 x- karEfTaMedaysac;jati ..................................................................................... 12 K- sμúMkUn..................................................................................................................... 12 X- karciB©awmEfTaMenAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTIkEnøgCMenOsasnanana...... 13 g- RkumRKYsar b¤ pÞHEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar .................................................... 13 c- karEfTaMenAtampÞHCaRkum ................................................................................. 14 2> karEfTaMkñúgmNÐl ..................................................................................................... 14 k- mNÐlsþarnItism,Ta b¤ pþl;kic©karBardl;kumar ........................................... 14 x- mNÐlkumarkMRBa ................................................................................................ 14 3> bTdæanGb,brimaénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar ........................................................ 14 IV.eKalkarN_sþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs .................................................................................. 15 V. eKalneya)ayTUeTAsþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar ................................................ 17 1> ckçúvis½y ....................................................................................................................... 17 2> ebskkmμ ..................................................................................................................... 18 3> TisedATUeTA ................................................................................................................. 18 4> ]bsKÁ........................................................................................................................... 19 5> kalanuvtþPaB ............................................................................................................. 20 6> yuT§saRsþ ..................................................................................................................... 21

VI.

TisedACak;lak;sMrab;karEfTaMCMnYs ...................................................................... 21

1> kumareRkamkarEfTaMrbs;«BukmþayFm’ .................................................................... 21 2> kumareRkamkarciB©wamEfTaMrbs;sac;jati ................................................................. 22 3> kumarRtUv)anciB©wamCakUn ............................................................................................ 23 4> kumarrs;enAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTIkEnøgCMenOsasnanana......................... 24 5> kumarrs;enAtamRKYsar b¤ pÞHEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar......................................... 25 6> kumarrs;enAtammNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig kumarTTYl )ankar EfTaMenAtampÞHCaRkum............................................................................................... 26 7> kumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; ....................................................................................... 27 8> kumarBikar..................................................................................................................... 28 9> kumarTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ pÞúkemeraKeGds¾ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ ............................... 29 karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½nmansmtßkic©énraCrdæaPi)al nigkarebþCJacitþrbs; mRnþI nigPñak;garpþl;karEfTaMCMnYs ............................................................................................ 29

VII.

1> karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½nmansmtßkic©énraCrdæaPi)al ..................................... 29 2> karebþCJacitþrbs;mRnþI nig Pñak;garpþl;karEfTaMCMnYs .............................................. 30 VIII. niymn½y nig bBaðaBak;B½n§eTAnwgRbePTBiessénPaBgayrgeRKaH .......... 31 1> kumarkMRBa ................................................................................................................... 31 2> kumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; ....................................................................................... 31 3> kumarrs;enAkñúgRKYsarRkIRk ....................................................................................... 32 4> kumarBikar ..................................................................................................................... 32 5> kumarTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ pÞúkemeraKeGds¾ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ ................................ 32 6> kumarTTYlplb:HBal;edaysarGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar ............................................. 33 7> kumarTTYlplb:HBal;edaysarFatuejón nig GMeBIG)aymux.............................. 33 8> kumarGnafatamcieB©aImfñl; ........................................................................................ 34 9> kumarRtUv)anrMelaPbMBan............................................................................................ 34 10> kumarRtUv)anekgRbv½B©a ........................................................................................... 35 TI5 ³ ]bsm<½n§éneKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar......................................... 37-38

GarmÖkfa RbeTskm<úCa KWCaRbeTsmYysßitenAtMbn;GasIuGaeKñy_ EdlFøab;man vb,Fm’ Griy Fm’ d¾rugerOg]tþúgÁ]tþmBIGtItkalnasm½yGgÁr . sßanPaBPUmisaRsþ sßitenAtMbn;dIesImtamdgTenø emKgÁeBareBjeTAedaydImanCIrCatiGMeNaypl sMrab;Rbkbrbrksikmμ . RbCaCnPaKeRcInelIslb;CaRbCaksikr Edlman criksøÚtbUt ]sSah_Büayam nig man RbéBNI TMenomTMlab; ecHRsLaj;rab;Gan nig CYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk . b:uEnþ sRgÁam nig rbbRbl½yBUCsasn_ b:ul Bt )aneFVIeGayRbeTskm<úCavinas Gnþray nig exÞcxÞaMy:agF¶n;F¶r . ehdæarcnasm<½n§sgÁmCati vb,Fm’ RbéBNI TMenomTMlab; nig sIlFm’sgÁm EdlFøab;Etl¥pUrpg;knøgmk RtÚv)anRsutcuHdl;)atdal . rbYssøaksñamxagpøÚvcitþ karnirasRBat;R)as bþIsI kUnecA nig jatisnþan CaBiess kar)at;bg; siT§i esckþIéføfñÚr nig kitþiys rbs;mnusSRtÚv)andk;Cab;kñúgebHdUgrbs;RbCaCnkm<úCaGs;mYyCMnan;énmnusS . ehtuplenHehIy EdleFVIeGayb:HBal; dl;sßanPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCnkm<úCaesÞIr RKb;v½ykñúgCMnan;enH PaBBikarxagrUbragkay suxPaBpøÚvcitþ PaBkMRBa\tTIBwgrbs;kumar PaBRkIRk rbs;RbCaCn)anbnSl;TukCamrtksMrab;CacMeNaTedaHRsayrbs;vis½ysgÁmkic© . eRkamkardwknaM d¾Qøasévrbs; semþc h‘un Esn naykrdæmRnþI énraCrdæaPi)al km<úCa RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaeyIg )anbBa©b;sRgÁamCasßaBr ehIy )anksagRbeTseLIgvij elI briyakassuxsnþiPaB nigsuvtþiPaBenATUTaMgRbeTs nig TTYl)annUvsmiT§plCaeRcInelIRKb;vis½y. GnuvtþtamkmμviFIneya)ay nig yuT§saRsþctuekaNrbs;raCrdæaPi)alGaNtþiTI 3én rdæsPa RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta k¾)anerobcMyuT§saRsþ 6cMNuc sMrab;Gnuvtþ elIvis½yTaMg bI rYmman vis½ysgÁmkic© vis½yGtItyuT§Cn nig vis½yyuvnItism,Ta . niyayeday ELk suxumalPaBkumarRtÚv)anykcitþTukdak;bBa©ÚlCayuT§saRsþGaTiPaBTI 2 kñúgcMeNamGaTiPaB TaMg 6 rbs;RksYg . eKalneya)ay eKalkarN_ lixitbTdæanepSg² Bak;B½n§nwgsuxumalPaBkumar RtÚv)anBinitüEklMGxøH² eLIgvij edIm,IeGaysmRsbeTAtamkal³eTs³ . karEfTaMCMnYs KW CaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan;énesvakmμcMeBaHkumargayrgeRKaH RKb;RbePT knøgmk raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuTC§ n nig yuvnItism,Ta RksYg sßab½nBak;B½n§ GgÁkarCati GnþrCati )anykcitþTukdak;GnuvtþRbkbedayEpøpáa nig )anpþl;nUvbTBiesaFn_mYycMnYn. kñúgsPaBkarN_bc©úb,nñenH caM)ac;RtÚvcgRkgbTBiesaFn_TaMgGs; edIm,IerobRbkaseKalneya)ay sþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar sMrab;pSBVpSayGnuvtþkñúgRkbxN½ÐCatiénGñkpþl;esvaenH cMeBaHkumar. RksYg )anecjRbkaselx 38 s G y cuHéf¶TI 21 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2005 sþIBIkar TMB½rTI 1

begáItKN³kmμaFikarRbwkSakarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar RBmTaMg )anbegáItRkumkargarCMnaj cMnYn 4 sMrab;CMnYykargareGayKN³kmμaFikarRbwkSakarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar . eKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMcMnYscMeBaHkumar CaCMhanfμIénkarGnuvtþsiT§ikumar TnÞwm enaH kic©karmYycMnYneTot )annwgkMBugerobcMCabnþbnÞab; dUcCa ÷ - bTdæanGb,brimaénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar - esckþIRBagc,ab;sμúMkUnGnþrRbeTs - KMeragsakl,gKMrUénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar - karcuHRtÜtBinitü nig vaytémø karEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar .l. nig.l. kñúgnamRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta ´)aT sUmEføgGMNrKuN RCaleRCAbMputcMeBaH semþc h‘un Esn naykrdæmRnþI énraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa Edl)anpþl;nUvkarKaM RTcMeBaHeKalneya)ayenH tamry³sarlixitrbs; semþc cuH éf¶TI 11 Ex emsa qñaM 2006 . RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta ebþCJaGnuvtþeKalneya)ayenH eGaykøayeTACakarCak;EsþgRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBx<s; edIm,ICa]tþmRbeyaCn_ d¾Bisidæ sMrab;kumar kMRBaRKb;² rUb . RksYg sUmsVaKmn_y:agrIkraybMputcMeBaHkarTieTonriHKn; kñúgn½ysßabna BIRKb;mCÄ dæanTaMgGs; edIm,ICYyEklMGÉksareKalneya)ayenH eGaykan;Etl¥RbesIreLIg nig RsbeTAtam sßanPaBCak;Esþgrbs;kumarkMRBakm<úCa . raCFanIPñMeBj , éf¶TI

qñaM 2006

rdæmRnþI

TMB½rTI 2

semþc h‘un Esn

naykrdæm®nþI énraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa sarlixit

rbs; semþc h‘un Esn naykrdæmRnþI énraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa XYXUWZW

- sUmRkabfVaybgÁM semþcRBHsgÄraC RBHefranuefr³RKb;RBHGgÁCaTIskáar³ ¡ - bgb¥ÚnCnrYmCatiCaTIesñha ¡ edayEtgEtKitKUr nig ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHsiTÁi nig suxumalPaBkumar raCrdæaPi)al )anpþl;sc©ab½nelI GnusBaØasþIBIsiT§ikumar enAéf¶TI15 Extula qñaM1992 ehIy rdæFmμnuBaØén RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa qñaM1993 )ankMNt;c,as;fa rdæFanarkSakarBarsiT§irbs;kumar EdlmanEcg enAkñúgGnusBaØasþIBIkumar CaBiesssiT§imanCIvitrs;enA siT§iTTYlkarGb;rM eronsURt siT§iRtÚv)anTTYl karKaMBarkñúgsßankarN_mansRgÁam nig karkarBarRbqaMgnwgGaCIvkmμesdækic© b¤ kamKuNelIkumar . CamYyKñaenH rdæaPi)al EtgEtepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIkarKaMBarRbqaMgnwgkargarTaMg Lay EdlGaceFVI[xUcdl;karGb;rM nig kareronsURtrbs;kumar b¤ EdlnaMeGayGnþraydl;suxPaB b¤ suxumalPaBrbs;kumar . TnÞwmnwgenaH edIm,I]tþmRbeyaCn_rbs;kumarkm<úCa )anpþl;sc©ab½nCabnþ bnÞab;elIGnusBaØaGnþrCatimYycMnYneTot dUcCaGnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarBlkmμGnþrCatielx 138 sþIBI karkRmitGayuGb,brima sRmab;cUleFVIkargar GnusBaØaelx 182 sþIBIkarhamR)am nig skmμPaB bnÞan; kñúgkarlb;bM)at;TRmg;F¶n;F¶rbMputénBlkmμkumar BiFIsarrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBI kar hamR)amkareRbIR)as;kumarkñúgCemøaHRbdab;GavuF nig karhamR)amkareFVIGaCIvkmμpøÚvePT nig rUbPaB GasGaPaskumar . CamYynwgkarykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHsiT§i nigsuxumalPaBkumar raCrdæaPi)al)ancat;Tukfa bBaðakumar KWCabBaðaGaTiPaB kñúgkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½ysgÁmkic©rbs;xøÜn . kñúgn½yenH eKalneya)ay E Epnkar nig yuT§saRsþCaeRcInrbs;CatisuT§Et)andak;bBa©Úl nig Kitdl;bBaðakumar . raCrdæaPi)al )anebþCJabegáInGnþraKmn_elIvis½ysgÁmkic© fvikaCatiRtÚv)anbegáInCabnþbnÞab;dl; vis½yGb;rM suxaPi )al GPivDÆn_CnbT kmμviFIelIkkMBs;suxumalPaBkumar nig CYyseRgÁaHCnrgeRKaHdéTeTot . kñúg sμartIenH xJMúsUmGMBavnav[bnþepþatkarykcitþTukdak; begáInkarTTYlxusRtUvCacMbg edIm,IbMeBjkat TMB½rTI 3

BVkic© FanakumarRKb;rUb[)anrIkFMFat; RbkbedayragkaymaMmYn R)aCJaQøasév mancMeNHdwgeRCARCH nig karrs;ranRbkbedayesckþIsux manesckþIéføfñÚr suPmgÁl kñúgRkumRKYsar nig sgÁm . kñúgeKalbMNgTaMgGs;enH eyIgminRtwmEtEfTaMkumar edIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCm¶Wdgáat;nana bBaÄb;kareFVI[kumargayTTYlrgnUvkarrgeRKaH nig kareFVIGaCIvkmμelIkumar RBmTaMgkarkarBarkumar kMu[Føak;cUlkñúgePøIgéneRKOgejónb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgRbyuT§nwgPaBRkIRk tamry³karvinieyaKelI kumar edaybegáItnUvbrisßanl¥RbesIrsRmab;karGb;rM nig karEfTaMsuxPaB edIm,IeFVI[kumarkøayxøÜn eTACaFnFanBitR)akd CaTMBaMgsñgbJsSI CasrsrRTUgrbs;RbeTs nig CaGñkbnþevnBImnusScas; kñúgkarGPivDÆRbeTsCatienAkñúgRKb;vis½y ehIynaMsgÁmCatikm<úCaQaneq<aHeTArkvDÆnPaBd¾rugerOg naeBlGnaKt . RkúmRbwkSaCatikm<úCaedIm,Ikumar )anbnþBRgwgskmμPaBCaynþkarsRmbsRmYlrvagsßab½n Bak;B½n§edIm,IkarBarkumar . CamYyKñaenH bNþajkarBarkumarenAkñúgshKmn_ RtÚv)anBRgwgBRgIk tamextþCaeRcIn kmμviFIpþl;karKaMBardl;kumarEdlgayrgeRKaH dUcCa kumarkMRBa kumarBikar nig kumarkñúgRKÜsarRkIRkkñúgshKmn_ RtÚv)anykcitþTukdak; . GMeBIrMelaPbMBan nig kareFVIGaCIvkmμtam RKb;rUbPaBelIkumar kareRbIR)as;edayxusc,ab;nUvBlkmμkumar GMeBIeBsüacarelIkumar karCYjdUr kumar GMeBIGnacar nig GsIlFm’epSg²eTotelIkumar RtÚv)anTb;sáat;kat;bnßyCabeNþIr² . eTaHbI y:agenHk¾eday k¾kumareyIgenARbQmmuxbBaðaCaeRcIneTot dUcCa PaBRkIRk plb:HBal;edayCm¶Å eGds_ karesBeRKOgejon GMeBIGnacar karb:HBal;xagpøÚvc,ab; CaedIm . kñúgnamraCrdæaPi)al nig kñúgzan³CaRbFankitþiysén RkúmRbwkSaCatikm<úCaedIm,Ikumar ´sUm KaMRTTaMgRsúgcMeBaHeKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar nig sUmsEmþgkarekatsresIr cMeBaHRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta Edl)anpþÜcepþImshkarCamYy GgÁkar yUnIeshV (UNICEF) nig sßab½nBak;B½n§déTeTot erobcMeKalneya)ayd¾mansar³sMxan;enH . ´sgÄwmy:agmutmaMfa qøgtamkarGnuvtþnUveKalneya)ayenH siT§iTaMgbYn nig suxumalPaB rbs;kumar nwgRtÚv)anelIksÞÜy nig eKarBy:agx¢ab;x¢nÜ . ´sUm[RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuTC§ n nig yuv nItism,Ta bnþksaglixitbTdæanBak;B½n§déTeTot BiessbTdæanGb,brimaénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar edIm,IrYmcMENkbegáInRbsiT§iPaBkñúgkarGnuvtþeKalneya)ayenH . ´sUmGMBavnavdl;RksYg sßab½n vis½yÉkCn GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alCati-GnþrCati EdlBak;B½n§ nig sgÁmsIuvilnana RBmTaMgbgb¥Ún CnrYmCatiTaMgGs; sUmpþl;kar]btßmÖKaMRT RBmTaMgbnþshkarCamYyRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta kñúgkarpSBVpSay nig GnuvtþeKalneya)ayenH [eTACakarCak;Esþg edIm,I buBVehtukumarkm<úCa tamBaküesøak :eyIgTaMgGs;KñaKaMRT nig CMrujkarGnuvtþsiT§ikumar : .

raCFanIPMñeBj ,éf¶TI 11 Ex emsa qñaM 2006

naykrdæmRnþI h‘un Esn TMB½rTI 4

RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItuyuCn nig yuvnItism,Ta GKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs elx³ 217 sGy

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raCFanIPñMeBj éf¶TI26 Exemsa qñaM2006

Rbkas sþIBI kardak;eGayGnuvtþeKalneya)ay sþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar rdæmRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta - )aneXIjrdæFmμ nuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa - )aneXIjRBHraCRkwtüelx ns / rkt / 0704 / 124 cuHéf¶TI 15 Exkkáda qñaM 2004 sþIBI karEtgtaMgraCrdæaPi)al énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa - )aneXIjRBHraCRkmelx 02 / ns / 94 cuHéf¶TI 20 Ex kkáda qñaM 1994 EdlRbkas eGayeRbIc,ab;sþIBIkarerobcM nigkarRbRBwtþeTAénKN³rdæmRnþI - )aneXIjRBHraCRkmelx ns / rkm / 0105 / 001 cuHéf¶TI 17 Ex mkra qñaM 2005 EdlRbkaseGayeRbIc,ab;sþIBIkarbegáItRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta - )aneXIjGnuRkwtü elx 55 GnRk > bk cuHéf¶TI 08 Ex emsa qñaM 2005 sþIBIkarerobcM nigkarRbRBwtþeTArbs;RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta - )aneXIjRbkas elx 038 s G y cuHéf¶TI 21 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2005 rbs; RksYg sgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nigyuvnItism,Ta sþIBI karbegáItKN³kmμaFikarRbwkSakarEfTaMcMlas; cMeBaHkumar TMB½rTI 5

seRmc Rbkar1 ³ RtÚv)andak;eGayGnuvtþeKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar . eKalneya)aysþI BIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar elx 907 s G y cuH éf¶TI 26 Ex emsa qñaM 2006 Ca]bsm<½n§énRbkasenH . Rbkar2 ³ bTb,jtþiEdlpÞúyBIRbkasenH RtÚvcat;TukCanirakrN_ . Rbkar3 ³ naykxuTÞkal½yrdæmRnþI GKÁnaykénGKÁnaykdæankic©karrdæ)al nighirBaØvtß ú GKÁnaykén GKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs naykdæansuxumalPaBkumar mnÞIrsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta extþ - Rkúg GgÁkarCati GgÁkarGnþrCati nig édKUBak;B½n§TaMgGs; man Parkic©GnuvtþRbkasenH eGaymanRbsiT§PaB cab;BIéf¶cuH htßelxateTA .

cMlgCUn ³ - RksYgRBHbrmraCvaMg -GKÁelxaFikardæanRBwT§sPa -GKÁelxaFikardæanrdæsPa - xuTÞkal½ysemþcnaykrdæmRnþI - xuTÞkal½yÉk]tþm]bnaykrdæmRnþI eTo )aj; - GKÁelxaFikardæanraCrdæaPi)al : edIm,IeKarBCUnRCab : - RKb;RksYg sßab½n GgÁkarBak;B½n§ : edIm,ICUnRCab nig shkarGnuvtþ : - dUcRbkar 3 : edIm,IGnuvtþ : - Éksar - kalb,vtþi

TMB½rTI 6

RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItuyuCn nig yuvnItism,Ta GKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs elx³ 907 sGy

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raCFanIPñMeBj éf¶TI26 Exemsa qñaM2006

eKalneya)aysIþBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar I.

esckþIepþIm

kumarEdlrs;enAkñúgsßanPaBgayrgeRKaHmYy b¤ eRcInRbePT dUcmanerobrab;xageRkam enH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaRbePTkumarRtUvkarkic©karBarBiess b¤ kumarRbQm muxnwgeRKaHfñak; . kumarRtUvkarkic©karBarBiess rYmman ÷ - kumarkMRBa - kumarEdlRtUv)ane)aHbg;ecal - kumarEdlTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ pÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ - kumarEdlTTYlrgkarrMelaPbMBanpøÚvePT rUbragkay b¤ pøÚvcitþ - kumarGnafatamcieB©aImfñl; - kumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; - kumarEdlrgeRKaHedaysarGMeBIekgRbv½B©apøÚvePT b¤TMrg;BlkmμRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; - kumarBikar - kumarejónsarFatuejón - kumarEdlmin)anTTYlnUvtMrUvkarEpñkrUbv½nþCamUldæan . RbePTkumarEdlRbQmmuxnwgeRKaHfñak;manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgbribTmYycMnYndUcCa ÷PaB RkIRkxøaMg karEbk)ak;RKYsar karesBeRKOgRsvwg karelgEl,gsIusg GMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar kare)aHbg;ecalkarsikSa karrs;enAkñúgtMbn;taMgTIlMenAfμI ¬CncMNakRsúk CnbMlas;TIlMenA CnmatuPUminivtþn_ RKYsareyaFarMsay ¦ CIvitrs;enACamYyGñkEdlBMuEmnCa«BukmþaybegáIt . Blrdækm<úCaCag 30° rs;enAeRkambnÞat;PaBRkIRk ehIy 52° manGayueRkam18 qñaM PaBRkI RkkMBugEtman\Ti§Bly:agxøaMgkøa nig Cak;EsþgeTAelIkumar nig Blrdæv½yekμgi . TMB½rTI 7

knøgmk Baküfa { kumarkMRBa } RtUv)aneRbIsMrab;BiBN’na kumarEdlmanGayueRkam 18 qñaM ehIyEdl«Bukmþay b¤ «Buk b¤ mþay )anTTYlmrN³PaB . enAcugqñaM 2003i man kumarkMRBacMnYn 670>000 nak; enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa b:uEnþ enAkñúgenaHeKBMu)andwgfa kumarb:unμan nak; kMRBa«Buk kMRBamþay b¤ kMRBaTaMg«BukTaMgmþayenaHeLIy . vtþmanrbs;kumarGnafatamcieB©Iamfñl;enAtamTIRkugFM² KWCaplvi)akénbBaðasgÁmmk elIkumar EdlkumarcaM)ac;RtÚvTTYl)ankarkarBar nig EfTaM . kumarGnafatamcieB©Iamfñl; cab; epþImmaneLIgkalBIedImTsvtSr_ TI90 b:uEnþ cMnYnkumarTaMgenaH hak;dUcCa enAefr enAkñúgb:unμan qñaMcugeRkayenH. kumarTaMgenaH pþac;karTak;TgTaMgRsugCamYyRkumRKYsar b¤KμanRKYsar ehIy ykcieB©Iamfñl;eFIVCapÞHsEm,g . kumarGnafatamcieB©Iamfñl; k¾rab;bB©ÚalpgEdr nUvkumarEdl cMNayeBleRcInbMputedIrrksIu nig rs;enAtamcieB©Iamfñl; b:uEnþ enArkSaTMnak;TMngCamYy Rkum RKYsarenAeLIy . enAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj mankumarGnafa cMnYn 546 nak; tamkarRsavRCavrbs; mnÞIrsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta raCFanIPñMeBj kñúgqñaM 2004 i . cMnYnenHman karERbRbÜlmineTogTat;eTAtamsßanPaBenAtamextþ . edaykarEbgEckRbePTkumarGnafaGacmanPaBCan;Kña ehIy ktáagayrgeRKaHmankar Bak;B½n§KñaeTAvijeTAmk kumarGnafatamcieB©Iamfñl; BMuEmnRKan;Et xVHlT§PaBeTAsalaeron b¤ TTYl)ankarEfTaMsuxPaBbu:eNÑaHeT b:uEnþ kumarTaMgenaHeRcInEtRtUveKeFVI)ab nigekgRbv½B©aEfm eTotpg CaBiess edayemRkumbgFM EdlTajykplRbeyaCn_BIkumarTaMgenaH RBmTaMg)an bgçitbgçMeGaykumarlYceKeTotpg . kumarTaMgenaH CaeRcInnaMKñahitkav ehIy Cajwkjab;BYk eKeRcInEtrgeRKaH edaysarkarrMelaP b¤ ekgRbv½B©apøÚvePT EdlnaMeGayBYkeKgayrgeRKaH edaykarqøgemeraKeGds_ . kumarTaMgenaH k¾ GacFøak;xçÜneTAenAtamcieB©aImfñl; edaysar enA kñúgRkumRKYsarmanGñkpÞúkemeraK b¤ ekItCm¶WeGds_ . karqøgraldalemeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneK cat;Tukfa KW CaktþacMbgEdlnaMeGaykumarFøak;xøÜneTAkñúgsßanPaBRtUvkarkarEfTaMenAeRkArgVg; RKYsar b¤k¾bNþaleGaykumarFøak;xøÜnkMRBa . CakarBit BlrdæEdlmanGRtapÞúkemeraK nig ekIt Cm¶WeGds_x<s;bMput KWCaRkummnusS Edlsßitkñúgv½yRtUvciB©awmEfTaMkumar . eyagtammCÄmNÐl CatiRbyuT§RbqaMgCm¶WeGds_ esIEs,k nig kameraKiv )aneGaydwgfa kalBI qñaM 2003 manmnusS cMnYn 123>100nak; EdlmanGayucab;BI 15 eTA 49 qñaM kMBugpÞúkemeraK nig ekIt Cm¶WeGds_ EdlCaGRtaeRb:va:Lg; 1>9 PaKry sMrab;mnusSkñúgRkumGayuenH . TMB½rTI 8

elIsenHeTAeTot kareFVIGaCIvkmμekgRbv½B©apøÚvePT nig karCYjdUr KWCabBaðamYyEdl)an nig kMBugrIkraldalenATUTaMgRbeTs cab;taMgBIedImTsvtSr_ qñaM1990 mk . eTaHbICa BMumantY elxfñak;Catik¾eday k¾karGegátv RTg;RTaytUcCaeRcIn )anbgðajfa enAqñaM 2003 manGñkrk sIupøÚvePTcMnYn 18>256 nak; EdlkñúgenaH manRbEhlCa 2>000 nak; RtUv)aneKCYjdUreday bgçM ehIyCaGnItiCnpgEdr . PaKeRcInénGñkTaMgenH RtUv)anmnusSEdlsÁal;Kña lYgelam eGayFøak;xøÜnkñúgmuxrbrenH . BYkeKeFVIpÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;xçÜneKkan;EtxøaMg ebIeKmanGayukan;Et tic . karCYjdUrqøgEdnkMBugEtCabBaðaKYrcab;GarmμN_ . mankumarIICnCatibreTsxøHRtUv)aneK CYjdUrcUlmkkñúgRbeTskm<úCa edIm,IrksIupøÚvePT nig eFVIBlkmμtamrUbPaBepSgeTot énkarekg Rbv½B©a ehIyk¾mankumar nigRsþIkm<úCa RtUv)aneKCYjdUreTARbeTsCitxag eGaysMuTan eGayeFVI karbMerIesvaCYjdUrpøÚvePT . sBVéf¶enH tamr)aykarN_nana)aneGaydwgfa krNIkumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; kMBug EtmancMnYnekIneLIg CaBiessenAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj kñúgenaHrYmman kumarGnafatamcieB©Iamfñl; EdlBak;B½n§nwgskmμPaBelμIsc,ab; RBmTaMgyuvCnénRkumbgFM . eTaHCa manlixitbTdæanmYy cMnYnEdlBak;B½n§nwgGnItiCnk¾eday EtcaM)ac;RtÚvCMrujeGayman c,ab;sþIBIyutþiFm’GnItiCn nig tulakarkumar . knøgmkGnItiCnxøH Edl)anRbRBwtþbTelμIs RtÚv)aneKbBa¢ÚneTAkan; mCÄmNÐlyuvnIti sm,Ta énRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta ehIyxøHeTotRtÚvdak;enAkñúgBn§naKar CamYymnusSeBjv½y . kumarRbQmmuxnwgeRKaHfñak; nig kumarEdlRtUvkarkic©karBarBiessGacmaneBlxøHRtUv karkarEfTaMCMnYs . cMnYnkumarEdlkMBugTTYlkarEfTaMCMnYs )anbgðajeGayeXIj GMBIvisal PaBénbBaðaenH . eK)an):an;sμaneXIjfa mankumarcMnYn20>348nak; kMBugrs;enAeRkamkarEf TaMCMnYs Kitmkdl; Ex viciäka qñaM2001 EdlkñúgenaH mankumarcMnYn 11>470 nak;)anTTYlkar EfTaMenAtammNÐlvi . ÉksareKalneya)ayenH nwgENnaMCadMbUgeGayyl;dwgTsSnaTanxøH² GMBIkarEfTaM CMnYs ¬ CMBUkII ¦ munnwgeGayniymn½yGMBIesvaEfTaMtamrUbPaBepSg² tamkaryl;eXIjrbs; GñkcUlrYmcMENkbMerIkargarvis½yenH enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa ¬ CMBUkIII ¦ . eKalkarN_ EdlRtUv )anTTYlsÁal;CaGnþrCati ehIy EcgGMBIGnþraKmn_ énkarEfTaMCMnYs enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa man TMB½rTI 9

bgðajCYnenAkñúg CMBUk IV ehIybnþmkeTot mankarbgðajCYnxøwmsarsMxan;² éneKal neya)ayrbs;raCrdæaPi)al ¬ CMBUk V ¦ . CMBUkbnÞab;enAkñúgÉksarenH ¬CMBUk VI ¦ EcgGMBI TisedACak;lak;Bak;B½n§eTA nig RbePTepSg² énkarEfTaMCMnYs nig PaBgayrgeRKaH . man CMBUkmYyeTot ¬CMBUk VII ¦EcgGMBIParkic©TTYlxusRtUvrbs;raCrdæaPi)al nig karebþCJacitþrbs; Gñkpþl;karEfTaMCMnYs . CMBUkcugeRkay ¬CMBUk VIII ¦ EcgGMBIniymn½y nig bBaðaEdlTak;Tg eTAnwgRbePTCak;lak;nImYy² énPaBgayrgeRKaH . II.

TsSnaTanGMBIkarEfTaMCMnYs

dUc)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgesckþIepþImrYcmkehIy KWmankumarepSg²mYycMnYn kñúgenaHman TaMgkumarxøH EdlsßiteRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;«Bukmþayrbs;xøÜnenAeLIypgEdr EdleBlxøHGac RtUvkarnUvkarEfTaMCMnYskñúgmYydMeNIrCIvitrs;enArbs;xøÜn . eKalneya)ayenH epþatEteTAelI karEfTaMCMnYs EdlCakarEfTaMsMrab;kumarkMRBa nig kumarEdlgayrgeRKaHÉeTot² EdlBMuEmn CakumarsßitenAeRkamkarEfTaMrbs;«BukmþaybegáIt .karEfTaMCMnYsmanBIrRbePTdUcteTAenH ÷ karEfTaMkñúgsßab½n b¤ karEfTaMkñúgmNÐlsñak;enA nig karEfTaMeRkAmNÐl b¤ karEfTaMenAtam shKmn_ b¤ tamRKYsar . - karEfTaMkñúgsßab½n b¤ kñugmNÐlsñak;enA KW karcat;EcgerobcMeGaykumarrs;enACMuKña CaRkum eRkamkarEfTaMrbs;buKÁlikmNÐl EdlTTYlR)ak;ebovtSr_sMrab;pþl;esvaEfTaM vii ]TahrN_ dUcCa mNÐlkumarkMRBa mNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlpþl;kic©karBardl; kumarCaedIm . kumarEdlrs;enAkñúgmNÐlxagelIenH )anTTYlkarEfTaMeBjeljkñúg mYyry³eBlsmRsb . Cak;Esþg karEfTaMenAtammNÐlEbbenH RtUv)anbegáIteLIg nig dMeNIrkaredayrdæ b¤ edayGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alnana . CaTUeTA mNÐlTaMgenH eRcInEt edaHRsayesckþIRtUvkarCak;Esþgrbs;kumar edaypþl;karEfTaMry³eBlxøI nig ry³eBlEvgtamehtuplsmRsb . eTaHCay:agenH k¾eday k¾karsikSaRsavRCavCa eRcIn )anbgðajeGayeXIjfa kardak;kumareGayenAeRkamkarEfTaMrbs;mNÐl ry³ eBlyUr Gacmankarb:HBal;dl;karGPivDÆn_rbs;kumar dUcCa GacbNþaleGaymankar Rbkan;erIseGIg karekgRbv½B©aelIkumar . l . dUecñH RtUvCMrujelIkkMBs;eGaymankar EfTaMeRkAmNÐl .

TMB½rTI 10

- karEfTaMeRkAmNÐl KWCakarEfTaMenAtamRkumRKYsar nig enAtamshKmn_ . CaTUeTA karEfTaMRbePTenH GacGnuvtþn_tamrUbPaBCaeRcIn dUcCa karciBa©wmkumarCakUnciBa©wm kar EfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’ karEfTaMedaysac;jati nig karEfTaMenAtamTIvtþGaram . kar EfTaMCMnYstamrUbPaBmYyepSgeTot EdlekItmanfμI²enH edaysarkarrIkraldalénem eraK nig Cm¶WeGds_ enaHKWkarEfTaMenAtamRkumRKYsar b¤ tampÞHEdlmankumarCaem RKYsar . karEfTaMeRkAmNÐl EdlmanesvaEfTaMmineBjeBlpþl;edaymnusSeBjv½y ehIymin manBak;B½n§Casac;jatiCamYykumar dUcCa enAtammNÐlsMctbeNþaHGasnñ mNÐl EfTaMeBléf¶ nig skmμPaBepSg²eTot cuHdl;mUldæan CaedIm min)anrab;bBa©ÚlenAkñúg eKalneya)ayenHeT . III.

KMrUénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar KMrUénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar rYmman esvaBIrRbePT KW ³ karEfTaMeRkAmNÐl nig karEfTaMkñúgmNÐl . 1> karEfTaMeRkAmNÐl k> karEfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’ karEfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’ KWCaTMrg;mYyénkarRbKl;kumareTAeGayRKYsarmYyEdlBMuEmn Casac;jatirbs;kumar ehIyEdl)anyl;RBmTTYlciB©awmEfTaMkumarCabeNþaHGasnñ . CaTUeTA karciBa©wmEfTaMEbbenH eRcInEtmanry³eBlxøI ehIyBMumanBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarepÞr siT§i nigParkic©TTYlxusRtUvCaGciéRnþy_rbs;«BukmþayeT ¬sUmemIlRtg;cMNucsμúMkUn ¦ . eKalbMNgsMxan;énkarciB©awmEfTaMEbbenH KW enATIbMputRtUvbRgYbbRgYmkumareGay)an eTArs;enACYbCMu CamYyRkumRKYsarbegáItvij b¤ rs;enAkñúgRKYsarNamYy EdlTTYlyk kumarCakUnciB©awmrhUtCaGciéRnþy_ . karGnuvtþn_EbbenH )ancak;b£sy:ageRCAenAkñúg sgÁmkm<úCa ehIyCaTUeTABMumanBak;B½n§CamYykic©RBmeRBogpøÚvc,ab;eLIy . b:uEnþ karyk kumareTAciB©awmCakUnFm’EbbenH GacEp¥kelIkic©RBmeRBogCalayl½kçN_GkSr EdleFVI eLIgrvag «BukmþaybegáIt «BukmþayFm’ GaCJaFrmUldæan b¤ GaCJaFrfñak;kNþal nigGgÁ karNamYy . TMB½rTI 11

x> karEfTaMedaysac;jati karEfTaMedaysac;jati KWCasßanPaBmYy EdlsmaCikkñúgRkumRKYsarFMmYy TTYlyk kumarkMRBa b¤ kumardéT²eTot mkciBa©wmenAkñúgRKYsarrbs;xøÜn . GñkEfTaMciBa©wmkumarTaMg enaH GacCaCIdUnCIta mþayFM mþaymIg «BukFM «Bukma b¤Casac;jatidéTeTotrbs;kumar enaH. karTTYlkumarykeTAciBa©wmEbbenHmaneRcIn ehIyk¾cak;b£sy:ageRCApgEdrenA kñúgRbeTskm<úCa . karykkumareTAciB©awmEfTaMEbbenHGacEp¥kelIkic©RBmeRBogCalay l½kçN¾GkSrEdleFVIeLIgrvag«BukmþaybegáIt sac;jati EdlykkumareTAciBa©wm GaCJaFr mUldæan b¤ GaCJaFrfñak;kNþal ehIynig GgÁkarNamYy . K> sμúMkUn sμúMkUn KWCaRbePTmYyénkardak;kumareGayrs;enAkñúgRKYsarmYyCaGciéRnþy_ edayeGay «BukmþaybegáItrbs;kumarepÞrsiTi§ nig Parkic©TTYlxusRtUvTaMgGs;CUneTA«BukmþayciB©awm ehIykumarEdleKykeTAciB©awmenaH RtUvTTYl)anzan³ siTi§ nig katBVkic©nanadUcKñanwg kUnbegáItrbs;«BukmþayciB©awmenaHEdr . karciB©awmkumarEbbenH GaceFVIeGaymankar pþac;TMnak;TMngTaMgRsug CamYyRKYsarbegáItrbs;kumar ebIsinCa karciB©awmenaHman lkçN³CasμúMkUneBjelj . sμúMkUneBjelj begáIteGaymanTMnak;TMngCaGciéRnþy_ rvagkUnsuMCamYynwg «BukmþayciBa©wm ehIy bBa©b;CasßaBrsiT§i nig katBVkic© rvagkUnCa mYy«BukmþaybegáIt b¤ CamYyGñkGaNaBüa)al . karsMukumarykeTAciB©awm GacCakar ciB©awmenAkñúgRbeTs b¤ ykeTAeRkARbeTs . tamc,ab;sþIBIGaBah_BiBah_ nig RKYsarvii )anEcgfakarsMukUnykeTAciB©awmRtUveFVIeLIgedaymankic©snüaCalaylkçN¾GkSrrvag «BukmþayciB©awm nig kumarEdlRtUveKsMuykeTAciB©awm ¬ tamry³«BukmþaybegáIt b¤ Gñk GaNaBüa)alrbs;kumar ¦ EdlRtUvbBa¢ak;eday RkumRbwkSaXMu -sgáat; Edl «Bukmþay ciB©awm b¤ Edlkumarrs;enA . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday k¾karsMukUnykeTAciB©awmEbbenH GacRtUvcat;TukCaemaX³vij)anEdr edaytulakar ebIsinCa manBakübNþwgBIkumar b¤ BICnNamñak; b¤ BIGgÁkarNamYy Edltv:aBak;B½n§nwg]tþmRbeyaCn_rbs;kumar . karsMukUnykeTAciB©awmkñúgRbeTs eTaHCa karciB©awmenaHmanlkçN³Fmμta b¤ eBjelj k¾eday k¾«BukmþayciB©awm nig «BukmþaybegáIt b¤ GñkGaNaBüa)alrbs;kumar RtUvEteFVI nig dak;BakübNþwgtamry³tulakarEdr . kñúgkrNIkarciBa©wmCalkçN³Fmμta tulakar TMB½rTI 12

GacrMlayecalkarsMukUneTAciB©awmEbbenHvij)an ebIPaKITaMgLayRBmeRBogKña . kñúg krNIciBa©wmeBjelj tulakark¾GacrMlayecalkarsMukUneTAciBa©wmEbbenHvij)anEdr ebIrkeXIjfamanGMeBIeXareXAekIteLIg mankare)aHbg;kumarecal b¤ GñkciB©awm)an RbRBwtþ b¤ eFVIeGay)at;bg;nUv]tþmRbeyaCn_rbs;kumar ¬ manEcgkñúgesckþIRBag c,ab;rdæb,evNIix ¦ . Cnmñak; b¤ bþIRbBn§erobGaBah_BiBah_ EdlCaGñkrs;enAGciéRnþy_kñúgRbeTseRkAmYy GacsMukumarykeTAciB©awm)an ebIkumarEdleKcg;sMuykeTAciB©awmenaH Cakumarrs;enAkñúg mNÐlkumarkMRBamYy b¤ rs;enAkñúgmNÐlEfTaMyUrGEgVgmYy EdlRKb;RKg b¤ TTYlxus RtUv edayRksYgTTYlbnÞúkvis½ysgÁmkic© b¤ edayGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alNamYy Edl RksYgTTYlbnÞúkvis½ysgÁmkic©)anTTYlsÁal; . BaküsMukUnykeTAciB©awm RtUvEtdak;CUn nig yl;RBmedayRksYgTTYlbnÞúkvis½ysgÁmkic© muneBlBakübNþwgsMukUnykeTA ciB©awm RtUvtulakarkm<úCaebIksvnakar nig ecjsalRkmTTYlsÁal; ¬manEcgkñúgesckþI RBagc,ab;sþIBIsμúMkUnGnþrRbeTsx ¦ . X> karciBa©wmEfTaMenAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTIkEnøgCMenOsasnanana enAkñúgsgÁmkm<úCaEdlRbCaCnPaKeRcIneKarBRBHBuT§sasna vtþGarammantYnaTIsMxan; kñúgkarpþl;karEfTaMCMnYs dl;kumar . RBHsgÇ dUnCI nig elakGacarü CaGñkpþl;dl; kumarnUvcMNIGahar CMrk karGb;rM CaedIm . qøgtamBiesaFn_enH Kb,IBicarNari³rkviFI RsedogKñaenHEdr edImI,pþl;karciBa©wmEfTaMkumarkñúgmCÄdæanRbCaCnEdlmanedImkMeNIt CMenO nig eKarBsasnaepSg²eTot . g> RkumRKYsar b¤ pÞHEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar RkumRKYsar b¤ pÞH EdlmankumarCaemRKYsar KWCaRkumkumarkMRBa EdlCabgb¥ÚnnwgKñars; enAeRkamkarTTYlxusRtUv nig karciB©awmEfTaMrbs;kumar Edlmanv½yeRcInCagedaysar «Bukmþay b¤ sac;jati )ansøab;ecal b¤ k¾ BikarGsmtßPaB . edaysar karqøgrIkral dalénemeraK nig CMgWeGds_ CamUlehtumYy eFVIeGayRKYsarRbePTenH mankarekIn TMB½rTI 13

eLIg édKUpþl;CMnYymYycMnYn)anpþl;Gnusasn_fa RtUvmanviFankarcaM)ac; edIm,Ikat; bnßykarekIneLIgénRKYsar b¤pÞHEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar nigedIm,IbegáItynþkarsMrab; KaMRTdl;RkúmRKÜsar b¤ pÞHEdlmankumarCaemRKÜsar EdlmanRsab;ehIy . c> karEfTaMenAtampÞHCaRkum karEfTaMenAtampÞHCaRkum KWCarUbPaBénkarEfTaMCMnYsmYyEbb EdleKdak;eGaykumar mYycMnYnmankMNt;rs;enAkñúgpÞHmYyCamYyKña CabriyakasRKYsarmYyeRkamGPi)alkic© rbs;Gñkpþl;esvaEfTaMmYyRkumtUc EdlBMuEmnCasac;jatirbs;kumar . pÞHCaRkumenH RtUv)aneKerobcMeGaysßitenAkñúgshKmn_mYy b:uEnþ BMuEmnenAeRkamkarcat;EcgRKb;RKg rbs;shKmn_eT . 2> karEfTaMkñúgmNÐl k> mNÐlsþarnItism,Ta b¤ pþl;kic©karBardl;kumar mNÐlsþarnItism,Ta pþl;cMNIGahardl;kumar EdlRtUv)anrMelaPbMBan EdlRtUv)an ekgRbv½B©a nigEdlrgeRKaHedaykareRbIR)as;sarFatuejon kumarrs;enAtamcieBI©amfñl; b¤ kumarrs;enAkñúgsßanPaBlM)akNamYyepSg² eTot . bEnßmBIelIesckþIRtUvkarcaM)ac; sMrab;karGPivDÆn_ mNÐlTaMgenHmanpþl;esvaBiess² dUcCa karpþl;RbwkSaEdlman Bak;B½n§eTAnwgsßanPaBnana Edlb:HBal;dl;CIvitrs;enArbs;kumar karGb;rM nig kar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ . x> mNÐlkumarkMRBa mNÐlkumarkMRBa CaTUeTA KWCamNÐlsMrab;karsñak;enAyUrGEgVgEdlpþl;GVI ² eTAtam tMrUvkarcaM)ac;sMrab;karGPivDÆn_rbs;kumar Edl)an)at;bg; «Buk b¤ mþay b¤ )at;bg;TaMg «BukTaMgmþaybegáIt . CakarBit mNÐlTaMgenH k¾TTYlykpgEdrnUvkumar EdlRbQm muxnwgeRKaHfñak; b¤ RtUvkarkic©karBarBiess b:uEnþ mNÐlTaMgenHBMuGacpþl;esvaBiess )aneT . 3> bTdæanGb,brimaénkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar edayeyaleTAtamkarGnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg ehIynig sßanPaBsMxan;²EbbenH raCrdæa TMB½rTI 14

Pi)al nig édKUGñkpþl;CMnYyenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaCaeRcIn )anÉkPaB begáItbTdæanGb, brimaénkarEfTaMCMnYs dUcxageRkam ÷ - karEfTaMenAtamshKmn_ nig RkumRKYsar KW CayuT§viFImYy kñúgcMeNamyuT§viFICa eRcIn EdlRtÚv)anerobcM nig eRKageLIg sMrab;CYykumareGaybnþrs;enAkñúgRkum RKYsarsac;jatirbs;xøÜn b¤ ykkumareTAdak;eGayRKYsarNamYyciBa©wm enAkñúg shKmn_rbs;xøÜnebIGaceFIV)an . RkumRKYsar EdleyIg)anerobrab;enAkñúgbribT enH rYmman RKYsarFM Edlpþl;karEfTaMrebobCa sac;jati RKYsarEdlmankumarCa emRKYsar nig RKYsarFm’ EdlminEmnCa sac;jatirbs;kumar . - karEfTaMenAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTIkEnøgCMenOsasnanana ³ enAkñúgsgÁm km<úCaEdlRbCaCnPaKeRcIneKarBRBHBuT§sasna vtþGarammantYnaTIsMxan;kñúgkarpþl; karEfTaMCMnYs dl;kumar . RBHsgÇ dUnCI nig elakGacarü CaGñkpþl;dl;kumarnUv cMNI Gahar CMrk karGb;rM CaedIm . qøgtamBiesaFn_enH Kb,IBicarNari³rkviFIRsedogKñaenH Edr edImI,pþl;karciBa©wmEfTaMkumarkñúgmCÄdæanRbCaCn Edlman edImkMeNIt CMenO nig eKarBsasnaepSg²eTot . - karEfTaMenAtampÞHCaRkum KWCaTMrg;rUbPaBmYyénkarEfTaMCMnYs EdlkumarmancMnYn kMNt; RtUv)andak;eGayrs;enAkñúgpÞHmYyrYmKñaCalkçN³RKYsareRkamGPi)alkic©rbs; Gñkpþl;karEfTaMmYyRkumtUc EdlBMuEmnCasac;jatirbs;kumar . karrs;enAkñúgpÞH CaRkumEbbenH manlkçN³Cakarrs;enAkñúgshKmn_mYy b:uEnþ BMuEmnRKb;RKgeday shKmn_eT . - karEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐl rYmman mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig mNÐlsþarnItism,Ta . karerobcMeGayrs;enAry³eBlxøI b¤ry³eBlEvgEbbenH manmnusSeBjv½yEdl)anTTYl ebovtSr_CaGñkpþl;esvaEfTaMdl;kumarTaMgenHeBjema:g . IV.

eKalkarN_sþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ykcitþTukdak;]btßmÖral;esckþIRtUvkarrbs;kumar EdlgayrgeRKaH bMputtamry³karpþl;esvasmRsb nig kic©karBarmineGaymaneRKaHfñak; . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )anpþl;sc©ab½nelIGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumarxi enAéf¶TI 15 Ex tula qñaM 1992 . Gnuelamtam GnusBaØaenH raCrdæaPi)al )anbegáIteKalneya)ay edImI,FanaeGaykumarEdlBMumanpÞH BMuman RKYsar RtUvTTYl)ankarEfTaMCMnYs . GnuelameTAtamesckþIRbkaselIkTI2énsnñisITRkugsþúk TMB½rTI 15

xulsþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMenAtammNÐlxii naEx ]sPa qñaM 2003 nig esckþIRbkasénsnñi sIT Edl)anR)arB§eFIVeLIgkalBIEx tula qñaM 2003 eRkayesckþIRbkasTIRkugsþúkxulenH enA kñúgTIRkugPñMeBj EdlerobcMeday RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnIti sm,Taxii raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ansMercdak;ecjbNþaeKalkarN_TaMgLaydUcxageRkamenH ÷ - karEfTaMtamRKYsar nig tamshKmn_ KWCaCMerIsd¾l¥bMput sMrab;karEfTaMCMnYs - karEfTaMkñúgmNÐlKYrEtCaCMerIscugeRkay nig CadMeNaHRsaybeNþaHGasnñ - RtUvbegáItyuT§saRsþ nig viFankarCak;lak; edIm,IKMaRTmatabita sMrab;ciBa©wmkUnecA rbs;xøÜn nig bBa¢ÚnkUnecATaMgenaHeGayeTAeron - yuT§saRsþ nig viFankarTaMgenH k¾ RtUvepþatpgEdr eTAelI RkumRKYsar sac;jati shKmn_ Edlpþl;karEfTaMdl;kumar EdlKμan«BukmþayEfTaM edImI,ecosvagkar bBa¢ÚnkumareTATTYlesvaenAtammNÐl - kñúgkrNIminGaceGaykumarecosputBIkarcUleTArs;enAkñúgmNÐl)an RtUvGnuvtþbT dæanGb,brima nig eKalkarN_ENnaMsMrab;pþl;karEfTaMtammNÐl ehIyRtUvtam danBinitü nig vaytMél RsbeTAtambNþaeKalkarN_TaMgbYn énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§ kumar ³ eKalkarN_sþIBI ]tþmRbeyaCn_ rbs;kumar eKalkarN_sþIBI karminRbkan;erIseGIg eKalkarN_sþIBI siT§irs;ranmanCIvit GPivDÆ nig TTYl)ankic©karBar eKalkarN_sþIBI karcUlrYm rbs;kumar kñúgkarGPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜn ° ° ° °

- karEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐl b¤ karEfTaMenAtamshKmn_ b¤ enAtamRkumRKYsar RtUvGnuvtþ eGay)ankñúgkMritGb,brimaénbTdæanEdlmanEcgenAkñúgRkbx½NÐ eKalneya)ayenH . RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta Casßab½nmansmtßkic©TTYlxusRtÚv kñúg kardwknaM nig GnuvtþeKalneya)ayenH . karpþl;esvaEfTaMCMnYsrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæa Pi)al RtÚvmankarGnuBaØat nig mancuHkic©RBmeRBog CamYyRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta . RtUveKarBzananuRkm énCMerIsedayRbkan;x¢ab; nUvkarkarBar]tþmRbeyaCn_ry³eBlEvg rbs;kumar enAeBleFIVkarsMerccitþykviFankarNamYykñúgkarEfTaMkumar ³ TMB½rTI 16

- dMeNaHRsaytamRKYsar dUcCa vilRtLb; b¤ bB¢ÚanRtLb; eGayeTArs;enACamYy RKYsarbegáIt RKYsarFm’ RKYsarciB©awmeFVICakUn l¥RbesIrCagbB¢ÚaneTAkan;mNÐl . - dMeNaHRsayGciéRnþy_ dUcCa vilRtLb; b¤ bB¢ÚanRtLb; eGayeTArs;enACamYy RKYsarbegáIt RKYsarciB©awmeFVICakUn l¥RbesIrCagbB¢ÚaneTArkdMeNaHRsaybeNþaH Gasnñ . - dMeNaHRsayfñak;Cati dUcCa vilRtLb; b¤ bB¢ÚanRtLb; eGayeTArs;enACamYy RKYsarbegáIt RKYsarciB©awmeFVICakUnenAkñúgshKmn_ RKÜsarciBa©wmeFVICakUnkñúgRbeTs l¥RbesIrCagbB¢ÚaneTArkdMeNaHRsayCaGnþrCati . enAeBlGnuvtþbNþaeKalkarN_ nig bNþazananuRkmxagelI caM)ac;RtÚvKitbBa©Úl nUvvis½yd¾éTeTot énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ÷ - karbnþpþl;karGb;rM ciB©awm EfrkSa nig rkSaBUCsasn_kMeNIt vb,Fm’ nig Pasa - karelIkTwkcitþ eGayrkSaTMnak;TMngrvagkumar EdlTTYlkarEfTaMCMnYs nig Rkum RKYsarrbs;kumartamlT§PaBEdlGaceFIV)an RBmTaMg RtUvmankMNt;Rta nig rkSa Éksar)anRtwmRtUv nig Tan;eBlCanic© - kumarRtUvmansiTi§BinitüeLIgvij nUvRbRBwtþikmμcMeBaHxøÜn nig sßanPaBd¾éTeTot Edl kumarrs;enA - kumarminRtUv)andkhUtsiTi§ nig esrIPaBeLIy - kareRCIserIsedaysMritsMraMgnUvbuKÁlik EdlCaGñkpþl;karEfTaMCMnYs EdlRtUvCa mnusSFøab;)anTTYl)ankarbNþúHbNþal nig )anTTYlR)ak;]btßmÖsmrmü - kumarmñak;² mansiTi§ nigmanlkçN³edayELkerog²xøÜnEdleyIgRtUvKitKUrBicarNa enAeBleFIVkarsMerccitþeTAelIGIVmYyEdlb:HBal;dl;CIvitrs;enArbs;kumar - kumarEdlCabgb¥ÜnbegáIt minRtUveGayrs;enAdac;ELkBIKña b¤ EbkBIKña eLIy elIkElgEtkrNIkúñgkal³eTs³xøHb:ueNÑaHEdlecosvagBMu)an . V.

eKalneya)ayTUeTAsþIBIkarEfTaMMCMnYscMeBaHkumar 1> ckçúvis½y kumarTaMgGs;manlT§PaB nig mansiTi§TTYl)ankarEfTaM EdlGnuvtþ nig eKarBsiTi§rbs; kumarsMrab;karrs;ran karTTYl)ankic©karBar karGPivDÆn¾ nig karcUlrYm . tYnaTIbzm TMB½rTI 17

kñúgkarkarBar nig karEfTaMkumarRtÚvbMeBjedayRkumRKYsarrbs;kumarpÞal; . 2> ebskkmμ GnuvtþtamkmμviFIneya)ay nig yuT§saRsþctuekaNrbs;raCrdæaPi)al RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nig bNþaRksYg sßab½nepSg² eTot )anebþCJaGnuvtþ eKalneya)ay nig kmμviFIsþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYsenH ebþCJaksagsmtßPaBbuKÁlik EdlGnu vtþkargarCamYykumar nig edImI,kumar RBmTaMgbegáItRbB½n§Binitü tamdan nig vaytMél EdlFanakarGnuvtþn_RbkbeTAedayRbsiTi§PaBnigmanTMnak;TMngsmRsbrvagshKmn_ nig kumarEdlBMumanGñkEfTaMbzm . GnuvtþeTAtambNþaGnusasn_ énkarsegátcugeRkay rbs;KN³kmμaFikarGgÁkarsh RbCaCatisþIBIsiT§ikumar Edl)anpSBVpSayenAkñúgsm½yRbCMuelIkTI 641 kalBI Ex]sPa qñaM 2000 RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )anebþCJadUcxageRkamenH ÷ - cat;viFankarRbkbedayRbsiTi§PaB sMrab;elIksÞÜyRkumRKYsar EdlCabriyakas RbesIrbMputsMrab;kumar nig pþl;siT§iGMNacCUnmatabitasMrab;EfTaMkUnrbs;xøÜn edImI, ecosvagBIkarykkumareTATTYlkarEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐltamry³kmμviFIpþl;RbwkSa nig kmμviFI EdlmanmUldæanenAtamshKmn_ - begáIteKalneya)ay nig bTbBa¢ananaBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarEfTaMkñúgmNÐl nig kar EfTaMCMnYskñúgTMrg;rUbPaBepSg²eTot . RtUvmankarcab;GarmμN_Biess cMeBaHkumar EdlFøak;xøÜnkMRBa edaysarkarrIkraldalénemeraK nig Cm¶WeGds_ edIm,IbegáInlT§ PaBrbs;kumareGayGacTTYl)ankarEfTaMeRkAmNÐl dUcCa eTArs;enATTYlkar EfTaMkñúgRKYsarFm’ CaedIm . - bnþkargareFIVc,ab;sþIBIsMμúkUnGnþrRbeTs nig c,ab;sþIBIsμMúkUnkñúgRbeTs . 3> TisedATUeTA TisedATUeTAéneKalneya)ayenH KWkarBarsiTi§rbs;kumar nig FanakarGPivDÆn_pøÚvkay pøÚvcitþ bBaØasμμatI yUrGEgVgrbs;kumarkMRBa nig kumargayrgeRKaHepSgeTot . eKal neya)ayenH maneKalbMNg ÷ - FanaeGaykumar)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ BIlixitUbkrN¾c,ab;Cati nig GnþrCati Ca TMB½rTI 18

Biess BIGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar nig eKalkarN_TaMgbYnrbs;GnusBaØa - FanaeGaykumar)anrIkcMerInlUtlas;enAkñúgRkumRKYsar nigenAkñúgshKmn_ Biess kñúgRKYsarbegáIt nig shKmn_ CakEnøgedIm b¤ RsukkMeNIt - FanaeGaykumarmanlT§PaBTTYl)anesvasuxPaB esvaGb;rM eday\tKitéfø nigkar KaMRTpøÚvcitþ edImI,eGaykumarGacrs;ran nig GPivDÆ - begáInsmtßPaBshKmn_sMrab;EfTaM nig karBarkumargayrgeRKaH tamry³karelIk sÞÜy nig BRgwgbNþajsuvtßiPaBTaMgGs;rbs;shKmn_ . 4> ]bsKÁ karGnuvtþn_kmμviFITUlMTUlay nig eBjelj edIm,ICYydl;kumargayrgeRKaHnwgCYbbBaða RbQmTUeTAmYycMnYn ÷ - karyl;dwgGMBIsiTi§kumarenAmankMrit - karyl;dwgGMBIbBaðasgÁmenARKb;Can;fñak;enAmankMrit - kgVHFnFansMrab;GnuvtþkmμviFIRKb;vis½yTaMgGs; - karBi)akkñúgkarpþl;GaTiPaBeTAelIbBaðananaBak;B½n§eTAnwg eKaledA nig TisedA EdlGacsMerc)an - Rkbx½NÐc,ab;EdlminTan;begáIt)anRKb;RKan; - karGnuvtþn¾c,ab;Cati nig lixitUbkrN¾c,ab;GnþrCati Edlkm<úCa)anpþl;sc©abn½min )anRKb;RKan; - karsMrbsMrYlenAmankMritkñúgcMeNamsßab½nrdæ k¾dUcCa CamYyGgÁkarnana nig sgÁmsIuvil EdleFVIkarBak;B½n§eTAnwgkumargayrgeRKaH - kgVHRbB½n§rYmén karBinitü nig tamdanenARKb;fñak; nig kgVHlT§PaBTTYl)annUv Bt’man - plvi)akmYycMnYnEdlbNþalmkBITMenIbPavUbnIykmμ dUcCa buKÁlniym karcuHfy éntMélTMenomTMlab;RbéBNI karfycuHénsamKÁIPaB CaedIm . kumargayrgeRKaH nig Gñkpþl;karEfTaMCMnYsnwgCYbbBaðaRbQmCak;Esþg dUcxageRkam enH ÷ - kgVHkarKaMRT nig kgVHbriyakasCaRKYsar - karRbQmmuxnwgkareFVI)abpøÚvePT nig karekgRbv½Ba©pøÚvePT TMB½rTI 19

- kgVHviFIsaRsþGb;rMGMBIesckþIesñha b¤ karrYmePT EdlsmRsbtamv½yrbs;kumarnig tamRbéBNICati - kgVHlT§PaBTTYl)an esvaGb;rM esvasuxPaB nig esvasþarnItism,Ta - kgVH nig BMumankaryl;dwgRKb;RKan;GMBITMrg;fμI² énkarEfTaMCMnYs - karlM)ak kñúgkarTTYl)anmrtk nig ekrþ×dMENl - karRbkan;erIseGIg nig karminykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkumar EdlRbQmnwgktþagay rgeRKaH - kumargayrgeRKaHmancMnYnekIneLIg edaysar emeraK nig CMgWeGds_ - bnÞúkénkarTTYlxusRtUvdMbUg nig kar)at;bg;»kasTTYlkarGb;rM »kaselgkMsanþ nig karsMrbsMrYlxøÜnkñúgsgÁm CaBiesssMrab;kumarEdlrs;enAkñúgRkumRKYsar Edl mankumarCaemRKYsar nig TTYlkarEfTaMenAtammNÐl - EdnGnuvtþénkmμviFIEfTaMCMnYs enAminTan;)anTUlMTUlay - kumar RkumRKYsar shKmn_ buKÁlikCMnajxVHcMeNHdwgEpñkkarKaMRT nigesvabB¢Úan EdlkMBugGnuvtþbc©úb,nñ - kumarxøH xVHesckþITukcitþeTAelIrcnasm<½n§pøÚvkar - rcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgrbs;RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta enAmankMrit enAeLIy KWmanenARtwm fñak;Rsuk xNÐ - RkumRbwkSaXMusgáat; xVHbTBiesaFn_kñúgkargarsgÁmkic© edaysarRkúmRbwkSaenH eTIb EtdMeNIrkar)anmYyGaNtiþb:ueNÑaH . 5> kalanuvtþPaB kalanuvtþPaBmYycMnYndUcxageRkam GacmanskþanuBlkñúgkarrYmviPaKTaneFVIeGayl¥ RbesIreLIgdl;karCYy]btßmÖcMeBaHkumargayrgeRKaH ÷ - qnÞ³xagneya)aycMeBaHkic©karBarkumar nig karelIksÞÜysiTi§rbs;kumarmanenARKb; fñak; - kareFIVvimCÄkarmuxgarrbs;raCrdæaPi)al )anCYyKaMRT dl;karbegáItrcnasm<½n§ Edl mankarcUlrYmenAtamshKmn_ ehIy RkumRbwkSaXMu sgáat; )anTTYlGaNtiþkargar sgÁmkic© nig )anTTYl»kasksagsmtßPaB TMB½rTI 20

- eKaledAGPivDÆshsSvtSr_ yuT§saRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nig yuT§saRsþctuekaN rbs;raCrdæaPi)al )aneqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtUvkarrbs;RKYsarRkIRk edImI,TTYl)an karKaMRTl¥RbesIr - raCrdæaPi)al )anpþl;sc©ab½nelIGnusBaØa nigBiFIsarCaeRcInEdlTak;TgeTAnwgsiTi§ rbs;kumarxiv - raCrdæaPi)al mankarebþCJacitþGnuvtþdMeNaHRsaytamRKYsar dMeNaHRsay GciéRnþy_ nig dMeNaHRsayfñak;Cati . 6> yuT§saRsþ edIm,IGnuvtþTisedACak;lak; nig yuT§saRsþTak;TgeTAnwgTMrg;Biess² énkarEfTaMCMnYs enaH caM)ac;RtÚvmanyuT§saRsþTUeTA edIm,IedaHRsaynUvesckþIRtUvkarrbs;kumarkMRBa nig kumargayrgeRKaH tamry³lkçN³cMruHvis½y ÷ - eFIVkar):an;RbmaNCaeTogTat;GMBIesckþIRtUvkartamvis½ynana Edlb:HBal;dl;kumar kMRBa nig kumargayrgeRKaHdéTeTot - begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay EdlepþatelIsiTi§kumarsMrab;RKb;RKg nigeFVIeGayeTA CapøÚvkarnUvkmμviFI nigesva EdlelIksÞÜysuxumalPaBrbs;kumarkMRBa nigkumargay rgeRKaHdéT²eTot - begIánlT§PaBeGaykumarkMRBa nig kumargayrgeRKaHdéT²eTot TTYl)anesvamUl dæancaM)ac; - eFIVkarBinitütamdan nigvaytMély:ageTogTat; edImI,FanaeGaykmμviFITaMgLayEdl tMrg;TiseTArkkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaHepSg²eTot bMeBj)anral;esckþIRtUv karrbs;kumar nig edIm,IFanaeGaykarGPivDÆn_kmμviFIecHEtbnþmanCaerogrhUteTA . VI.

TisedACak;lak;sMrab;karEfTaMCMnYs

1> kumareRkamkarEfTaMrbs;«BukmþayFm’ k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay sMrab;RKb;RKg nigeFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkarnUvkarEfTaMeday «BukmþayFm’ rYmman lT§PaBTTYl)antYnaTI nig karTTYlxusRtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nig eKalkarN_ENnaM . RtUvmanEcgxøwmsaredayELk edImI,FanaeGaykumarEdl TMB½rTI 21

TTYlkarEfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’ GacmanlT§PaBTTYl)anmrtk . x> enAkñúgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH elIksÞÜykarEfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’eGayGnuvtþeTA tamkmμviFIrbs;rdæ kmμviFIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nig enAtamRkumRKYsar rYmman tamry³ karpþl;karKaMRTpÞal;cMeBaHkarEfTaM nig karGb;rM kumar . K> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdanbTdæannana Ep¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ay . X> begáItynþkarGPi)alkic© nigpþl;kic©karBarenAtamshKmn_sMrab;kumarEdlTTYlkarEf TaM eday«BukmþayFm’ edayRbkan;ykrcnasm<½n§ nig karTTYlxusRtUv CalkçN³vimCÄ karrbs;raCrdæaPi)al . g> ksagsmtßPaB mRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuTC§ n nig yuvnItism,Ta nig mRnþIRksYg Bak;B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nig fñak;Rsuk xNÐ mRnþIEdlCaGñkpþl; esvaEfTaMCMnYs edayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . c> muneBlykkumareTAdak;enAeRkamkarEfTaMeday«BukmþayFm’ mRnþIEdlbMerIkargarenH RtUvsþab;kumar rYcR)ab;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøgEdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬siTi§ nigkarTTYl xusRtUvrbs;RKYsark¾dUcCarbs;kumar ¦ehIyRkumRKYsarRtUvmanlkçN³smRsbeTAtam lkçN³vinicä½y EdlRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH )ankMNt; . q> BinitüeLIgvijnUvkrNImun² Edlkumar)anrs;enA nig TTYl)ankarEfTaMeday «Bukmþay Fm’ edayepÞogpÞat; eRbobeFob CamYynwgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . 2> kumareRkamkarciBa©wmEfTaMrbs;sac;jati k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)aysMrab;RKb;RKg nig eFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkarnUvkarciBa©wmEfTaM rbs;sac;jati rYmman lT§PaBTTYl)antYnaTI karTTYlxusRtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nig eKalkarN_ENnaM . RtUvmanEcgxøwmsaredayELk edImI,FanaeGaykumareRkamkarciBa©wm EfTaMrbs;sac;jati GacmanlT§PaBTTYl)anmrtk . x> enAkñúgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH elIksÞÜykarciBa©wmEfTaMrbs;sac;jati eGayGnuvtþ eTAtamkmμviFIrbs;rdæ kmμviFIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nig enAtamRkumRKYsar rYmman tam ry³karpþl;karKaMRTpÞal;cMeBaHkarEfTaM nig karGb;rMkumar . K> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdanbTdæannana Ep¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ay . TMB½rTI 22

X> begáItynþkarGPi)alkic© nig pþl;kic©karBarenAtamshKmn_sMrab;kumareRkamkarciBa©wm EfTaMrbs;sac;jati edayRbkan;ykrcnasm<½n§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvCalkçN³vimCÄkar rbs;raCrdæaPi)al . g> ksagsmtßPaBmRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nig mRnþIRksYgBak; B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nig fñak;Rsuk xNÐ mRnþIEdlCaGñkpþl;esva EfTaMCMnYsedayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . c> muneBlykkumareTAdak;enAeRkamesvaciB©wamEfTaMrbs;sac;jati mRnþIEdlbMerIkargar enH RtUvsþab;kumarrYcR)ab;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøgEdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬siTi§ nig kar TTYlxusRtUvrbs;RKYsark¾dUcCarbs;kumar ¦ ehIy RkumRKYsar RtUvmanlkçN³smRsb eTAtamlkçN³vinicä½yEdlRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH )ankMNt; . q> BinitüeLIgvijnUvkrNImun² Edlkumar)anrs;enA nigTTYlkarciBa©wmEfTaMedaysac;jati edayepÞogpÞat; eRbobeFob CamYynwgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . 3> kumarRtUv)anciBa©wmCakUn k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay sMrab;RKb;RKg nig eFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkar nUvkarsMukumar ykeTAciBa©wmkñúgRbeTs nig eRkARbeTs rYmman lT§PaBTTYl)antYnaTI karTTYlxus RtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nig eKalkarN_ENnaM . RtUvmanEcgxøwmsaredayELk edImI, FanaeGaykumarEdlRtÚv)anykeTAciBa©wmmanlT§PaB nig mansiTi§TTYlmrtk . x> enAkñúgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH elIksÞÜykarciBa©wmkumarCakUnenAtamRkumRKYsar eTA tamkmμviFIrbs;rdæ nig kmμviFIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al rYmman tamry³karpþl;karKaMRTpÞal; cMeBaHkarEfTaM nig karGb;rMkumar . K> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdanbTdæannana Ep¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ay . X> ksagsmtßPaB mRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nig mRnþIRksYg Bak;B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nig fñak;Rsuk xNÐ mRnþIEdlCaGñkpþl; esvaEfTaMCMnYsedayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . buKÁlikRksYg sgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta RtUvdwgBItYnaTIrbs;xøÜnTak;TineTAnwgynþkar GPi)alkic© nig kic©karBarkumar EdlRtÚv)ansuMykeTAciBa©wm . g> karBarsiTi§kumaredImI,eGaymanGtþsBaØaNedayxitxMRbwgERbgeGayGs;BIlT§PaBedImI, TMB½rTI 23

bB¢ÚankumareTAkan;RKYsarbegáItmuneBleGayykkumareTAciB©wamCakUn . c> muneBlRbKl;kumareGayykeTAciB©wam RtUvsþab;kumarrYcR)ab;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøg EdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬ siTi§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;RKYsar k¾dUcCa rbs;kumar ¦ ehIyRkumRKYsarEdlnwgykkumareTAciB©wamenaHRtUvmanlkçN³smRsbeTAtamlkçN³ vinicä½y EdlRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH )ankMNt; . q> BinitüeLIgvijnUvkrNImun² EdlkumarRtÚv)anciBa©wmCakUn edayepÞogpÞat; eRbobeFob CamYynwgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . 4> kumarrs;enAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTIkEnøgCMenOsasnanana k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay sMrab;RKb;RKg nig eFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkarnUvkarEfTaMkumar enAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTIkEnøgCMenOsasnaepSg ² rYmman lT§PaBTTYl)an tYnaTI karTTYlxusRtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nig eKalkarN_ENnaM edayshkarCamYy RksYgFmμkar nig sasna . x> enAkñúgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH elIksÞÜykarEfTaMenAtamTIvtþGaram nig enAtamTI kEnøgCMenOsasnaepSg ² enAtamkmμviFIrbs;rdæ tamkmμviFIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nig Gacarüvtþ rYmman tamry³karpþl;karKaMRTpÞal;cMeBaHkarEfTaM nig karGb;rMkumar . K> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdanbTdæannana Ep¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ay . X> begáItynþkarGPi)alkic© nig ynþkarpþl;kic©karBarenAtamTIvtþGaram nigenAtamTIkEnøg CMenOsasnanana edayRbkan;ykrcnasm<½n§ nig karTTYlxusRtUv CalkçN³vimCÄkar rbs;raCrdæaPi)al . g> ksagsmtßPaBrbs;bNþaGñkcUlrYmcMENk rYmman RBHsgÇ dUnCI elakGacarü Gñk eKarBsasnaepSg²eTot mRnþI RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nigmRnþI RksYgBak;B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nig fñak;Rsuk xNÐ RBmTaMg mRnþI EdlCaGñkpþl;esvaEfTaMCMnYs edayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . c> muneBlbB¢ÚankumareGayeTATTYlkarEfTaMenAtamTIvtþGaram b¤ enAtamTIkEnøgCMenO sasnananaeTot RtUvsþab;kumarrYcR)ab;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøg EdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬ siTi§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;TIvtþGaram k¾dUcCa rbs;kumar ¦ ehIy TIvtþGaram nig kEnøgepSg²eTot RtUvmanlkçN³smRsbeTAtamlkçN³vinicä½y EdlRkbx½NÐeKal TMB½rTI 24

neya)ayenH )ankMNt; . q> BinitüeLIgvijnUvkrNImun² Edlkumar)anrs;enAtamTIvtþGaram nig TIkEnøgCMenOsasna epSg²eTot edayepÞogpÞat; eRbobeFob CamYynwgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . 5> kumarrs;enAtamRKYsar b¤ pÞHEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay sMrab;RKb;RKg nig eFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkarnUvkarEfTaMkumar enAkñúgRKYsar EdlmankumarCaemRKYsar rYmman lT§PaBTTYl)antYnaTI karTTYlxus RtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nigeKalkarN_ENnaM . RtUvmanxøwmsarEcgedayELk edImI,Fa naeGaykumarenAkñúgRKYsar EdlmankumarCaemRKYsar manlT§PaBTTYl)anmrtk . x> pþl;ynþkarénkarKaMRTRKb;RKan;cMeBaHRkumRKYsarmanRsab; EdlmankumarCaemRKYsar . K> dak;kumareGayTTYlkarEfTaMsmRsbedayRbkan;ykTsSn³rbs;kumar nig pþl;Bt’man dl;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøg EdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬ siTi§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvrbs; RkumRKYsar k¾dUcCa rbs;kumar ¦ . X> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdanbTdæannana Ep¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ayenH . g> begáItynþkarGPi)alkic© nig ynþkarpþl;kic©karBarenAtamshKmn_sMrab;kumar Edlrs; enAtamRKYsar EdlmankumarCaemRKYsaredayRbkan;yknUvrcnasm<½n§ nigkarTTYlxus RtUvCalkçN³vimCÄkarrbs;raCrdæaPi)al . c> ksagsmtßPaB mRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nig mRnþIRksYg Bak;B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nigfñak;Rsuk xNÐ mRnþIEdlCaGñkpþl; esvaEfTaMCMnYsedayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . q> muneBlbB¢ÚankumareGayeTATTYlkarciBa©wmEfTaMenAkñúgRKYsarEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar RtUvsþab;tamkumarrYcR)ab;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøg EdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬ siTi§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;RKYsar k¾dUcCarbs;kumar ¦ ehIy RkumRKYsarRtUvbMeBjeGay)an smRsbeTAtamlkçN³vinicä½y EdlRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH )ankMNt; . C> BinitüeLIgvij nUvkrNImun ² Edlkumar)anrs;enAtamRKYsar EdlmankumarCaemRKYsar edayepÞogpÞat;eRbobeFobCamYynwgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH.

TMB½rTI 25

6> kumarrs;enAtammNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig kumarTTYl)ankarEfTaMenAtam pÞHCaRkum k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay sMrab;RKb;RKg nig eFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkarnUvkarEfTaMkumar enAkñúgmNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig enAtampÞHCaRkum rYmman lT§PaB TTYl)antYnaTI karTTYlxusRtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nig eKalkarN_ENnaM . x> elIkkMBs;karyl;dwgsþIBIsiTi§kumar enAtammNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig tampÞHCaRkumsþIGMBIplb:HBal;CaGviC¢manénkarEfTaMenAtammNÐlsñak;enAyUrGEgVg . K> enAkñúgRkbx½NÐkargarEdlmanRsab; kat;bnßycMnYnkumarrs;enAtammNÐlnana nig enAtammNÐlkumarkMRBa tamry³eFIVkarRsavRCav nig eFVIkarbRgYbbRgYmkumareTAkñúg RkumRKYsarvij nig eFIVsmahrNkmμkumareGaycUleTAenAkñúgshKmn_vij RBmTaMg TTYl)ankarEfTaMenAtampÞHCaRkum edaycat;EcgeTAtamlT§PaB EdlGaceFIV)anBI dMbUg . X> begáItKMrUEfTaMCMnYseRkAsßab½n EdlmannirnþPaB . g> elIkTwkcitþmNÐlnana nig mNÐlkumarkMRBaeGaypþl;briyakassñiT§sñaltamlT§PaB eGaydUcCaCIvitrs;enAkñúgRKYsar nigenAtamshKmn_ ]TahrN_dUcCa karEfTaMenAtam pÞHCaRkum karTMnak;TMngeTAvijeTAmkCamYyshKmn_ . c> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdanbTdæannana Ep¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ay . q> begáItynþkarGPi)alkic© nig ynþkarpþl;kic©karBarenAtamshKmn_sMrab;kumarEdlrs; enAtammNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig tampÞHCaRkum edayRbkan;ykrcna sm<½n§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvCalkçN³vimCÄkarrbs;raCrdæaPi)al . C> ksagsmtßPaB mRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nig mRnþIRksYg Bak;B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nig fñak;Rsuk xNÐ mRnþIEdlCaGñkpþl; esvaEfTaMCMnYsedayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . Q>muneBlbB¢ÚankumareGayeTATTYlkarciBa©wmEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐl kumarkMRBa nig tampÞHCaRkum RtUvsþab;kumarrYcR)ab;kumareGaydwgBITIkEnøgEdlkumarRtÚv eTArs;enA ¬siTi§ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;mNÐlnana mNÐlkumarkMRBa pÞHCaRkum k¾dUc Carbs;kumar ¦ ehIy mNÐlsþarnItism,Ta mNÐlkumarkMRBa nig pÞHCaRkum RtUvbMeBj TMB½rTI 26

eGay)ansmRsbeTAtamlkçN³vinicä½yEdlRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH )ankMNt; . kumarrgeRKaHepSg²eTot EdlminsßiteRkamrUbPaBénkarEfTaMxagelI k¾GacRtUvkar karEfTaMCMnYsenAeBlNamYypgEdr . TisedACak;lak;sMrab;kumarCab;Bn§naKar nig kumar EdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; kumarBikarGsmtßPaB nig kumarEdl)anTTYlplb:HBal;eday saremeraK nig CMgWeGds_ RtUv)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgcMnucTI 7 >8 >9 cMeBaH niymn½y nig bBaðananaEdlTak;TineTAnwgPaBgayrgeRKaHTUlMTUlayvij manEcgkñúgcMnuc VIII éneKal neya)ayenH . eRkABIeKalneya)ayenH caM)ac;RtÚvmanyuT§viFIepSgeTot edIm,IEfTaMkumar BIeRBaH kumarTaMgenH GacTTYlrgeRKaHeRcInelIkeRcInsardEdl² ehIyRtUvkarGnþraKmn_ cMruHvis½y . 7> kumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; k> begáItRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay sMrab;RKb;RKg nigeFVIeGayeTACapøÚvkarnUvkarEfTaMkumar EdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; ehIyEdlkMBugCab;enAkñúgBn§naKar b¤ Cab;enAkñúgmNÐl Gb;rMEkERbGnItiCnnana rYmman lT§PaB tYnaTI karTTYlxusRtUv bTdæanénkarEfTaM nig eKalkarN_ENnaM . x> elIkkMBs;karGPivDÆn_RbB½n§tulakarsmRsbsMrab;GnItiCn ]TahrN_dUcCa manGgÁPaB nKr)alBiess sMrab;pþl;kic©karBardl;kumarEdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; nig Tb;sáat; karRbRBwtþbTelμIsepSg² edayGnItiCn nig mantulakarsMrab;GnItiCn . K> erobcMeGayeTACapøÚvkar begáIt nig Binitü tamdan bTdæannanaEp¥kelIRkbx½NÐeKal neya)ay nig c,ab; ehIynig lixitUbkrN¾c,ab;nanarbs;Cati nig GnþrCatisþIBIyutþiFm’ sMrab;GnItiCn . X> begáItynþkarGPi)alkic© nigynþkarpþl;kic©karBarenAtamshKmn_RbqaMgnwgkareFIV)ab RBmTaMgkarekgRbv½Ba©elIkumar EdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; edayRbkan;ykrcnasm<½n§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvEbbvimCÄkarrbs;raCrdæaPi)al . RbkarenH Bak;B½n§cMeBaHEtkumar EdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; Edltulakar)anbEgVreTACUnkmμviFInanaenAtamshKmn_ b¤ EdlRKb;RKgcat;EcgedayshKmn_Etb:ueNÑaH . g> ksagsmtßPaBmRnþItulakar emFavI mRnþIqμaMBn§naKar mRnþIRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta nig mRnþIRksYgBak;B½n§ÉeTot² enAfñak;kNþal fñak;extþ Rkúg nig fñak;Rsuk xNÐ mRnþIEdlCaGñkpþl;esvaEfTaMCMnYsedayepþatelIkarGnuvtþn_ nigkartam TMB½rTI 27

danRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ayenH . c> elIkkMBs;karyl;dwg EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgCMerIsepSg² CMnYskardak;GnItiCn eGayCab; Bn§naKar nig siTi§rbs;kumarenAkñúgBn§naKar b¤ enAkñúgmNÐlGb;rMEkERbGnItiCnnana nig siT§irbs;kumar EdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; . q> elIkkMBs;kmμviFITb;sáat; nig kmμviFIGnþraKmn_Tan;eBlevla edayedaHRsaykarRbRBwtþ bT]Rkidæ nig karRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ mþgehIymþgeTot edaykumar . C> kumarEdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; RtUvdak;eGay)anTTYlkarEfTaMsmRsbeTAtamGayu v½y nig manbUrNPaBEpñksIlFm’ pøÚvcitþ nig kaysm,Ta nig RtÚv)anR)ab;eGaydwgGMBI TIkEnøgEdlkumarRtÚveTArs;enA ¬ siTi§ nig karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;buKÁlikénTIkEnøg b¤ mNÐlGb;rMEkERbGnItiCn nig kmμviFIenAtamshKmn_ k¾dUcCa siT§irbs;kumar ¦ . Q>kat;bnßycMnYnkumarrs;enAkñúgBn§naKar b¤ enAtammNÐlGb;rMEkERbGnItiCn edayelIk kMBs;eGaymanCMerIsepSg² CMnYskardak;GnItiCnkñúgBn§naKareGay)anqab;Tan;eBl evla ]TahrN_dUcCa eFIVsmahrNkmμkumareGaycUleTArs;enAtamRkumRKYsarvij b¤ k¾erobcMeGaykumarrs;enAkñúgshKmn_ . j>elIkTwkcitþkmμviFIénmNÐlGb;rMEkERbGnItiCn nig kmμviFInanaenAtamshKmn_ sMrab; kumarEdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; edIm,Ipþl;briyakasGnueRKaHtamlT§PaB edayeFIV smahrNkmμGnItiCncUleTAenAtamshKmn_ CaBiess tamry³karCYyKaMRT dl; TMnak;TMngCamYyRkumRKYsar nig pþl;karKaMRTEpñkcitþsaRsþsgÁm nig KaMRTkarGb;rM . 8> kumarBikar k> elIkkMBs;karyl;dwg sþIBIsiTi§ nig smtßPaBrbs;kumarBikar . x> elIkkMBs;kmμviFITb;sáat;BikarPaBrbs;kumartUc . K> begáItRkbx½NÐc,ab;sMrab;CnBikar rYmman kumarBikar ]TahrN_dUcCa manc,ab;sþIBI {siTi§CnBikar} xv . X>begáInlT§PaBkumarBikareGayTTYl)anesvasþarnItism,TaCaBiesstamry³karGPivDÆn_ kmμviFIsþarnItism,TaenAtamshKmn_ edayFanaeGay kumarBikarsßitenAkñúgshKmn_ rbs;xøÜnkñúgeBlTTYlkarKaMRTcaM)ac; . g> elIksÞÜykarGb;rMkñúg nig eRkARbB½n§ sMrab;kumarBikarTaMgenA salacMeNHTUeTA sala Biess fñak;Biess nig TaMgenApÞH . c> EklMGlT§PaBTTYl)ankarbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ kargar nig skmμPaBrkcMNYl Edl TMB½rTI 28

pþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;kumarBikar nig RkumRKYsarrbs;eK .

9> kumarTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ pÞúkemeraKeGds¾ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ k> dak;bB©ÚalCMnYysMrab;CYykumarEdlTTYlplb:HBal; b¤EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds¾ b¤manCMgW eGds_eTAkñúgkmμviFI nigeKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs edImI,ecosvagkarmak;gay . x> elIkkMBs;karyl;dwgrbs;shKmn_ sþIBIbBaðaRbkan;erIseGIg nig karmak;gaykumar EdlTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds¾ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ rYmman karGnuvtþn_ TMlab;Rbkan;erIseGIg dUcCa kñúgkarTTYlmrtk nig ekrþ×tMENlCaedIm . K> begáInlT§PaBTTYl)anCMnYyEpñkGaharUbtßmÖ nig suxPaB sMrab;CYydl;kumarEdlTTYl plb:HBal; nig EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds¾b¤manCMgWeGds_eGay)anry³eBlyUrGEgVg. X> FanakarKaMRTEpñksgÁmkic© esdækic© cMeBaHkumarEdlTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ EdlmanpÞúkem eraKeGds¾ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ nig RkumRKYsarrbs;kumar rYmman GnþraKmn_Tan;eBlevla sMrab;CYykumar Edlman«BukmþaypÞúkemeraKeGds_ eGaymanlT§PaBTTYl)an karpþl; RbwkSakarEfTaMCMnYs karGb;rM karbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ TTYl)anmrtk nig ekrþ×tMENl manlT§PaBrkcMNUl nig TTYl)ankic©karBar . VII.

1> karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½nmansmtßkic©énraCrdæaPi)al k> BinitüeLIgvij karerobcMbegáIt eKalneya)ay c,ab; nig cgRkglixitbTdæanepSg² eTot eGayRsbeTAtam GnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar esckþIRbkasTIRkugsþúkxulsþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMtammNÐlsñak;enAyUrGEgVg esckþIRbkassþIBIeKalkarN_sgÁm nig c,ab; nana EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkic©karBar nig suxumalPaBrbs;kumar ehIyEdlmanxøwmsar BiessBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarerobcMkumareGayeKciB©awmCakUnFm’ nig CakUnciB©awmkñúgRbeTs nig eRkARbeTsxvi eKalkarN_shRbCaCati sMrab;karBarGnItiCn EdlRtUv)aneKdk hUtesrIPaBxvii nig lixittUbkrN_c,ab;GnþrCatiBak;B½n§nana . x> pSBVpSay nig FanakarGnuvtþn_ eKalneya)ay c,ab; nigÉksarBak;B½n§ÉeToteGay manRbsiT§PaB . TMB½rTI 29

K> dwknaMkarbegáIt nig Gnumt½bTdæanGb,brima nig eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs . X> Ep¥ktamkarGnuvtþn¾bTdæanGb,brima nig eKalkarN¾ENnaMCaFrman Binitü tamdan vaytMél nig pþl;karGnuBaØat dl;Gñkpþl;esvaEfTaMCMnYs rbs;rdæ nig rbs;GgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)al nana . g> EbgEckfvika sMrab;]btßmÖdl;kargarEfTaMCMnYs RsbtamcMnYnGñkTTYlpl eKal neya)ayCati bTdæanGb,brima nig eKalkarN_ENnaM edayepþatkarykcitþTukdak; Biess eTAelItYnaTIrbs;mRnþIraCkarkñúgkarRbtibtiþ Binitü tamdan nig vaytMél kmμviFI EfTaMCMnYs. c> bgálkçN³gayRsYl CYyPñak;garpþl;esvaEfTaMCMnYsrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al kñúgkar ekogKrrkfvika nig CYyrkdMeNaHRsay nig karGnuvtþn_RbkbedaynirnþrPaB . q> dwknaMsMrbsMrYl nig pþl;kic©shRbtibtþikardl;édKUpþl;CMnYy . 2> karebþCJacitþrbs;mRnþI nig Pñak;garpþl;karEfTaMCMnYs k> shkarCamYysßab½nmansmtßkic©rbs;raCrdæaPi)al CYyBinitüeLIgvij karerobcM nig pSBVpSay eKalneya)ay c,ab; bTdæanGb,brima nig eKalkarN_sþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs eGayRsbeTAtam GnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar esckþIRbkasTIRkugsþúkxulsþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMtammNÐlsñak;enAyUrGEgVg ehIynig eKalkarN_nanarbs;GnusBaØa nig esckþIRbkas . x> GnuvtþeKalneya)ay c,ab; bTdæanGb,brima nigeKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs. K> Binitü tamdan nig vaytMélskmμPaBkargarpÞal;xøÜn pþl;r)aykarN_ RBmTaMgCYy sMrYldl;kar Binitü tamdan nig karvaytMél eday RksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItism,Ta eGaysmRsbeTAtam eKalneya)ay bTdæanGb,brima nig eKal karN_ENnaMsþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs . X> sMukarGnuBaØatnigcuHkic©RBmeRBóg CamYyRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§CnnigyuvnItism,Ta. g> eKogKrrkfvikaeGay)anRKb;RKan; sMrab;]btßmÖGñkTTYlpl nig EbgEckfvika]btßmÖ dl;kmμviFInana eGayRsbeTAtam eKalneya)ayCati bTdæanGb,brima nig eKal karN_ENnaM . c> CYyGPivDÆ nig GnuvtþdMeNaHRsayRbkbedaynirnþrPaB edayykcitþTukdak;BiesseTA TMB½rTI 30

elIkarelIksÞÜydMeNaHRsaynanaenAtamRKYsar nig shKmn_ . q> CYyelIksÞÜyeKalkarN_sþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYs tamry³eKalneya)aysMrab;buKÁlik ¬ tY naTI karTTYlxusRtUv kareRCIserIsbuKÁlik karbNþúHbNþal ebovtSr_ nigkarRKb;RKg ¦ nig eKalneya)ayTak;Tgdl;karTTYlykkumarmkciBa©wmEfTaM ¬RkumeKaledA lkçN³ vinicä½y nig nitiviFIepSg² ¦ . C> cUlrYmcMENkkñúgkarsMrbsMrYlnana CamYybNþaGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil nig sßab½nman smtßkic©rbs;raCrdæaPi)al . VIII.

niymn½y nig bBaðaBak;B½n§eTAnwgRbePTBiessénPaBgayrgeRKaH

manbribTCaeRcIn EdlGaceFIIVeGaymaneRKaHfñak;dl;kumarEdlRtUvkar karEfTaMCMnYs . sßanPaBxøH GaceFVIeGaykumargayrgeRKaH edaysarEt BMuman«Bukmþay b¤ GñkGaNaBüa)al enACamYy b¤ k¾ «Bukmþay b¤ GñkGaNaBüa)al BMuGacbMeBjkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn)an ]TahrN_ kumarkMRBa kumarejonsarFatuejón nig ktþaepSg²eTot EdlGaceFIVeGay)at;bg;GMNacem)a b¤ k¾ RtUvGaCJaFrmansmtßkic©dkGMNacem)a . 1> kumarkMRBa niymn½yrbs;Baküfa kumarkMRBa KW { kumarEdlmanGayueRkam 18 qñaM ehIyEdl «Bukmþay b¤ «Buk b¤ mþay )anTTYlmrN³PaB } xvii . eyaleTAtamniymn½yenH cMnYnsrubénkumarkMRBa KWCacMnYnkumarEdlkMRBamþay nigkumar kMRBa«Buk dkecjkumarkMRBa TaMg«Buk TaMgmþay EdleK)anrab;bB©ÚalkñúgRkumTaMgBIrxagelI . 2> kumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; kumarmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; KWCakumarEdlRtUv)ansgS½y RtUv)anecaTRbkan; b¤ RtUv)an kat;eGayCab;eTasBIbT)anRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ ¬ minfaCabTelμIskMritF¶n; b¤ bTelμIsmCÄwmenaH eLIy ¦ . kumarEdlmanTMnas;CamYyc,ab; ehIyEdlRtUv)anXMuxøÜnenAkñúgBn§naKar b¤ RtUv)an dak;enAkñúgmNÐlGb;rMEkERbGnItiCn GacCa kumarEdlRtUv)anXMuxøÜnmunkat;eTas ¬CakumarEdl RtUv)anbB¢ÚanRtLb;mkXMuxøÜnvijrg;caMkarkat;eTas ¦ b¤CakumarEdlRtUv)ankat;eTasrYcehIy . edaysarEt mankarxVHxatmNÐlGb;rMEkERbGnItiCn kumarmYycMnYnEdlRtÚv)ankat;eGayCab; eTas b¤ EdlRtUv)anbB©ÚanRtLb;mkXMuxøÜnvij rg;caMkarkat;eTas RtUv)anXMuxøÜnrYmKñaCamYynwg TMB½rTI 31

GñkeTas EdlCamnusSeBjv½yEdr . karXMukumarEbbenH eFVIeGayb:HBal;dl;siTi§kumarkñúgkar TTYl)ankarEfTaMsmRsb . 3> kumarrs;enAkñúgRKYsarRkIRk RKÜsarEdlRkIRkbMput BMumanlT§PaBpþl;karEfTaMsmRsbsMrab;kumarenAkñúgRKÜsarrbs; xøÜneT . enAeBlCYbRbTHbBaða dUcCa bBaðasuxPaB eRKaHfñak;epSg² GaceFVIGMeBIGVImYymin smRsbcMeBaHkUn dUcCa e)aHbg;ecal eFVIGaCIvkmμkumarCakUnrbs;xøÜn lk; b¤ CYleTAeGayGñk CYjdUr . kñúgkrNIenH kumarGacrt;eKcBIpÞH . 4> kumarBikar { CnBikarsMedAdl;CnTaMgLayNaEdlxVHxat )at;bg; xUcxat srIragÁNamYy b¤ sti bBaØa bNþaleGaymankarrMxandl;CIvPaBrs;enA b¤ skmμPaBnanaRbcaMéf¶ dUcCa CnBikarrag kay BikarEPñk Bikarkñúgkarsþab; BikarstibBaØa nig RbePTBikarepSg²eTot EdlnaMeGayman lkçN³minRbRktI nig manlixitbBa¢ak;ecjeday RksYgTTYlbnÞúkvis½ysuxaPi)al } xix . GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak)aneGayniymn½y BikarPaB KWCakarmankMrit b¤ xVHlT§PaBedaysar Et CnBikarminGaceFIVGIVmYy)anRbcaMéf¶dUcmnusSFmμta . RbePTénBikarPaBTak;TgeTAnwg Gakb,kiriyaRbRBwtþ karR)aRs½yTak;Tg karEfTaMxøÜn karcl½t PaBbuinRbsb; nig muxCMnaj Biess . Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkarEfTaMCMnYs CaTUeTA kumarBikarGsmtßPaBEtgEt TTYl)ankarEfTaM enAtammNÐl eRBaHm:üagedaysarkumarBikarCamnusSEdlgayRtUve)aHbg;ecal ehIyminsUv manRkúmRKÜsar b¤shKmn_KitKUrykmkeGayrs;enA nig pþl;karEfTaMenaHeLIy . 5> kumarTTYlplb:HBal; b¤ pÞúkemeraKeGds¾ b¤ manCMgWeGds_ eTaHCa mankumarRtwmmYycMnYntUcb:ueNÑaH TTYlrgplb:HBal;BI emeraKeGds_ b¤ CMgW eGds_ b:uEnþ karqøgraldalénemeraK nig CMgWeGds_ nig karsøab;)at;bg;CIvitrbs;«Bukmþay edaysaremeraK nig CMgWeGds_ kMBugEtbgáeGaymankarekIneLIg nUvcMnYnkumarkMRBa nig kumar rs;enAkñúgRkumRKYsarEdlmankumarCaemRKYsar . eTaHbICa «BukmþayenAmanCIvitrs;enAeLIyk¾ eday k¾karcMNayeTAelIbBaðasuxPaB)anb:HBal;dl;esdækic©rbs;RkumRKYsar ehIykumarEdl EfTaM«BukmþayQW Gacnwge)aHbg;salaeronpgEdr . m:üageTot esckIþIRtUvkarxagpøÚvcitþ nig TMB½rTI 32

GarmμN_rbs;kumar Edl)anTTYlplb:HBal; edaysar emeraK nig CMgWeGds_ maneRcIn dUc esckþIRtUvkarxag karhUbcuk karGb;rM karEfTaMsuxPaB b¤ CMrk>>>>. edImI,eGaykumarEdl)an TTYlplb:HBal;edaysaremeraK nigCMgWeGds_ man»kasl¥² dUcKñanwgkumarÉeTot²EdrenaH caM)ac;RtÚvTTYlsÁal;esckþIRtUvkarTaMgenH . viFIedaHRsaynana enAtamshKmn_manRbsiTi§ PaBNas;kñúgkarbegáItCabNþajsuvtßiPaB nig karKaMRTcMeBaHkrNImYycMnYnFM b:uEnþ CacaM)ac; KWRtUvBRgwgyuT§saRsþBak;B½n§nana . 6> kumarTTYlplb:HBal;edaysarGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar kumarEdlTTYlplb:HBal; edaysarGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar GacmanGarmμN_Bak;B½n§KñaCa mYynwgGakb,kiriya dUcCa ÷ - P½yxøaceBleXIj«BukmþayeQøaHRbEkkKñamþg² - KμanGMNac\Ti§Bl nig KitfaxøÜnmanBiruT§ edaysarxøÜnBMumanlT§PaBbBaÄb; GMeBIhigSa EdlxøÜn)aneXIjCak;EsþgenaH)an - )at;bg;karepþatGarmμN_eronsURtenAsalaeron - GacRbRBwtþGMeBIhigSa edayeFVItamGIV ² Edl)ansegáteXIjenApÞH - citþmins¶b; - yl;subinGaRkk; edkBMulk; - eRkomRkM nig Føak;Twkcitþ . GMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar KWCamUlehtueRcInEdleFIVeGaykumarrt;ecjBIpÞHehIyk¾GacCabBaða naMeGayGaCJaFrnana dksiTi§GMNacem)a nig epÞrsiTi§GMNacenH eTAeGayGñkdéTCaGñkEfTaM CMnYsvijpgEdr . 7> kumarTTYlplb:HBal;edaysarFatuejon nig GMeBIG)aymux karejon nig GMeBIG)aymux enAkñúgRKYsar eTaHCa eRKOgRsvwg fñaMejon b¤ CaEl,gsIu sgk¾eday k¾eFIVeGaykumarmaneRKaHfñak;)anEdrtamrUbPaBCaeRcIn . karejon eTaHCa mnusS eBjv½y eTaHCa kumark¾eday k¾vaenAEtb:HBal;dl;suxPaBdUcKñaEdr ehIyRBmTaMg bgáeGay mankarejónEpñkragkay EdlPaKeRcIn²Et eFIVeGayxUcdl;pøÚvcitþ nig kay . dUcCa Rsa b¤ fñaMejon karelgEl,gsIusg k¾nMaeGaymnusSejonEdr ehIy )aneFIVeGayRkumRKYsarTaMgmUl Føak;xøÜnCMBak;;bMNuleKCaeRcInelIkeRcInRKabnþbnÞab;Kña EdlCakarb:HBal;dl;CIvPaBrs;enA TMB½rTI 33

nig b:HBal;dl;esdækic©RKYsar . Rsa fñaMejon nig karelgEl,gsIusg GacbgáeGayman CMelaH nig GMeBIhwgSakñúgRKYsar EdlKMramkMEhgsmaCikRKYsarTaMgmUl . elIsBIenHeTot sßanPaBEbbenH GacbgáeGayRKYsarTaMgmUlbBa©aM b¤ lk;dUrmeFüa)aybgábegáItpl edImI, bMeBjesckþIRtUvkarénkarejon EdlrwgrwtEteFIVeGayGnþrayEfmeTotdl;CIvPaBrs;enArbs; RKYsar . kñúgkrNIenH «BukmþayGacQaneTAlk; kUnbegáItrbs;xøÜn . 8> kumarGnafatamcieB©aImfñl; Baküfa kumarGnafatamcieB©Iamfñl;RKbdNþb;sßanPaBepSg² KñaCaeRcIn ÷ - kumarEdlrs;enAtamcieB©Iamfñl; CaTUeTA eRcInEtpþac;karTak;Tg CamYyRkumRKYsar rbs;xøÜn nig rs;enAedayKμanGñkRKb;RKgenAtamcieBI©amfñl; . - kumareFIVkargarenAtamcieBa©Imfñl; )ancMNayeBlevlay:ageRcInenAtamcieBa©Imfñl; edImI, rkR)ak;pþl;eGayRkumRKYsarrbs;xøÜn b¤ sMrab;pÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉg . CaTUeTA kumar GnafatamcieBa©Imfñl;RbePTenH EtgEtvilRtT,b;eTApÞHvijenAeBlyb;. - kumar EdlCakUnecArbs;RkumRKYsarrs;enAtamcieB©aImfñl; EtgEtrs;enA CamYyRkum RKYsarrbs;eKenAtamcieBa©Imfñl; . mUlehtuEdlnaMeGayBYkeKmkrs;enAtamcieBa©Imfñl; KWPaBRkIRkenATICnbT GMeBIhwgSa kñúgRKYsar b¤ karerobGaBah_BiBah_fμIeTot CaedIm . kumarGnafa eTaHCa mankarKaMRTtamkMrit Edl«Bukmþay)anpþl;eGayk¾eday k¾kumar TaMgGs;enaH GacTTYlplb:HBal;pÞal; nig maneRKaHfñak; xagrUbragkay nig pøÚvcitþEdr Edl kñúgenaH rYmman GMeBIhigSa karelgEl,gsIusg karRbRBwtþbTelμIsepSg² karejón karCYjdUr nig eBsüacar Edl caM)ac;RtUvBinitüBicarNa edImI,kMNt;GnþraKmn_eGaymanRbsiT§PaB . 9> kumarRtUv)anrMelaPbMBan kumarRtUv)anrMelaPbMBanrYmman ÷ - kumara b¤ kumarI RtUv)aneFIV)abF¶n;F¶relIrUbragkay b¤ pøÚvGarmμN_ . - kumara b¤kumarI KWCaCnrgeRKaHedaysarGMeBIrMelaPeFIV)abpøÚvePT dUcCa krNIrMelaP esBsn§v³ sμn§kar karbgðajekþr×xμasdl;kumar b¤ TMnak;TMngpøÚvePTCamYymnusS eBjv½y . karEdlmnusSeBjv½ycUlcitþrYmrkSCamYykumar nig karRbRBwtþGMeBIGna TMB½rTI 34

car KWCa rUbPaBénkarrMelaPpøÚvePTmYy EdlmanmnusSeBjv½yCaGñk RbRBwtþeTAelI kumarGayuBMuTan;eBjv½y . karrMelaPbMBanelIkumar CamUlehtumYy EdleRcIneFIVeGaykumarrt;ecjBIpÞH ehIyk¾ GacCabBaðanaMeGayGaCJaFrnanadksiTi§GMNacem)a BI«Bukmþay ehIy epÞrsiTi§GMNacenH eTA eGayGñkdéTCaGñkEfTaMCMnYsvijpgEdr . 10> kumarRtUv)anekgRbv½B©a kumarRtUv)anekgRbvBa©½rYmman ÷ - kumara b¤ kumarI CaCnrgeRKaHénGMeBIekgRbv½B©apøÚvePT dUcCa kñúgkrNI eBsüacar b¤ karBak;B½n§kñúgGaCIvkmμrUbGasGaPas . kareFIVGaCIvkmμekgRbv½B©apøÚvePTelIkumar KW sMedAelImnusSeBjv½y EdleRbIR)as;pøÚvePTkumar edaHdUrCamYy nwgR)ak;kas b¤ rbs;rbr CamYy kumarpÞal; b¤ CamYymnusSTIbINamñak; . - Blkmμkumar KW sMedAelIry³eBlEdlkumar eFVIkargareRcInem:agkñúgmYyéf¶² b:uEnþ TTYl)anR)ak;kMérticeRkamlkçxNÐkargar EdlGacbgáeRKaHfñak; dl;karGPivDÆn_rUb ragkay nig pøÚvcitþrbs;kumar EdlraraMgkumarmineGayTTYl)ankarGb;rMeronsURt . kargarEbbenH RtUvcat;Tukfa manplb:HBal;dl;karGPivDÆn_ rUbragkay bBaØa pøÚvcitþ nig sgÁmrbs;kumar . kargarenH eFVIeGaykumar Ebk BIRkumRKYsar nig b:H Bal; dl;GnaKtrbs;kumar . ¬ manEcgkñúgGnusBaØaelx182rbs;GgÁkarBlkmμ GnþrCati nigRbkaselx 106 skby cuHéf¶TI 28 Ex emsa qñaM 2004rbs;RksYg sgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnItism,Ta sþIBIkarhamXat;kumareFVI karenAkEnøgkargarRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; ¦ . - kumara b¤ kumarI RtÚv)anekgRbv½Ba©Blkmμ rYmman kumarEdlminRtUv)anGnuBaØatieGay eronsURtedImI,eGayeFIVkarenAtamERs cMkar b¤ eFIVkargarkñúgpÞHeGaysac;jati Ca edIm . dUcKñanwg enAtambNþaRbeTsCaeRcInEdr KW RbéBNI nig TMenomTMlab;rbs; km<úCa eRcInGnueRKaH ehIyelIkTwkcitþdl;kumar EdlrYmcMENkCYydl;kargarkñúgpÞH b¤ enApÞH . karrYmcMENkdl;CIvPaBrs;enArbs;RKYsarEbbenH RtÚvTTYl)ankar sresIr nig CaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan;sMrab;kumarcUlrYm nig yl;dwgBIsgÁmCati nig Ca meFüa)aymYYyedIm,IepÞrCMnaj EdlTTYl)anBImnusSCMnan;mYyeTACMnan;mYyeTot . TMB½rTI 35

krNIenH mincat;TukCaGMeBIekgRbv½Ba©BlkmμkumareT lÁwkNa kumar)anTTYlkar Gb;rMeronsURt nig minb:HBal;karGPivDÆn_ rUbragkay bBaØa pøÚvcitþ nig sgÁm rbs;kumar . - kumara kumarI RtUv)anCYjdUr . karCYjdUr KWCa { kareRCIserIs kardwkCB¢Úan karepÞr karpþl;CMrklak;xøÜn b¤ karTTYlmnusSedayeRbImeFüa)ayKMramkMEhg edaykareRbI R)as;kMlaMg b¤ kareRbIR)as;TRmg;epSg²eTot énkarbgçitbgçM dUcCa karcab;BRgt; karqre)ak karbMP½nþe)akR)as; karrMelaPbMBanedayGMNac b¤ elIsßanPaBEdl gayrgeRKaH b¤ karRbKl; b¤ TTYlR)ak; b¤ plRbeyaCn_epSg² edImI,TTYl)ankar yl;RBm BICnNamñak;EdlRKb;RKgelImnusSmñak;eTot kñúgeKalbMNgeFVIkarekg Rbv½B©a . karekgRbv½Ba© rYmman karekgRbv½B©aGñkdéT tamry³ eBsüacar b¤ TRmg; epSg²eTot énkarekgRbv½B©apøÚvePT BlkmμbgçitbgçM b¤ esvabgçitbgçM Taskr dac;éfø b¤ karGnuvtþn_nana EdlmanlMnaM dUcCa Taskrdac;éfø esvKtiPaB b¤ karkat;yk srIragÁNamYy . krNIxagelIenH eTaHbImankaryl;RBmrbs;Cnrg eRKaHk¾eday k¾cat;TukCa GMeBICYjdUrkumar Edr } xx . GMeBIekgRbvBa©½kumar CamUlehtumYy eFIVeGaykumarrt;ecjBIpÞH ehIyk¾ GacCabBaðanaM eGayGaCJaFrdksiTi§GMNacem)a BI «Bukmþay ehIy epÞrsiTi§GMNacenH eTAeGayGñkdéTCa GñkEfTaMCMnYsvijpgEdr .

rdæmRnþI

TMB½rTI 36

]bsm<½n§éneKalneya)aysþIBIkarEfTaMCMnYscMeBaHkumar i

GgÁkaryUnIeshV ¬2004 ¦. r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM TIRkugPñMeBj ³ GgÁkaryUnIeshV RbcaMenA km<úCa . GgÁkaryUGuineGds_ GgÁkaryUnIeshV GgÁkar USAID ¬2004 ¦ . { kumar sßitenAcMNucCiteRKaHfñak; qñaM 2004. r)aykarN_rYm sþIBIcMnYn)a:n;sμan elIkumarkMRBafμI nig Rkbx½NÐkar gar sMrab;GnuvtþskmμPaB } . j:Úvy:k ³ GgÁkaryUnIeshV. i karRsavRCavrbs;mnÞIrsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nig yuvnItsm,Ta eTAelIkumarGnafatamcieB©aImfñl; qñaM 2004 . iv GgÁPaBXøaMemIl ¬ 2004 ¦ ³karXøaMemIlsßanPaBemeraKeGds_ ¬ HSS ¦ qñaM 2003 ³ lT§plTMenar nig kar)a:n; sμan . TIRkugPñMeBj ³ mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§nwgemeraKeGds_- CMgWeGds_ Cm¶WesIrEs,knigkameraK ¬ NCHADS ¦. v Steinfatt,T.M ¬ 2003 ¦ . karvas;cMnYnRsþI nig kumar EdlRtUveKCYjdUrenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa ³karsikSatammUl dæansegátemIlpÞal; . TIRkugPñMeBj ³ GgÁkar USAID vi RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnItism,Ta ¬ 2001 ¦ { karGegátfñak;Cati eTAelIGñkpþl; karEfTaMcMlas;sMrab;kumarenAkm<úCa } . TIRkugPñMeBj ³ RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvniti sm,Ta CamYy karKaMRTbec©keTsBI GgÁkaryUnIeshV . vii Tolfree, D. ¬1995 ¦. dMbUl nig b£s . karEfTaMkumar)ak;EbkRkumRKYsar enARbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ . TIRkug Lúg ³ GgÁkarcRkPBGg;eKøsseRgÁaHkumar . vii c,ab;km<úCa sþIBIGaBah_BiBah_ nig RKYsar ¬ 1989 ¦ maRta 103 . ix esckþIRBagc,ab;rdæb,evNI qñaM 2003 . x esckþIRBagc,ab;sþIBIsμúMkUnGnþrRbeTsqñaM 2006 . xi GnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar maRta 20 . xii snñisITGnþrCatielIkTIBIr sþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐl ¬Ex ]sPa 2003 ¦ . esckþIRbkas TIRkugsþúk xul sþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐl . 13 RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnItism,Ta ¬ Ex tula qñaM 2003 ¦ . r)aykarN_sþIBIsnñi sITeRkaysnñisITGnþrCati TIRkúgsþúkxul : kumar nig karEfTaM enAtammNÐlsñak;enAry³eBlyUr : éf¶TI 14-15 Ex tula qñaM 2003 . TIRkúgPñMeBj ³ RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnItism,Ta . xii snñisITGnþrCatielIkTIBIr sþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐl ¬Ex ]sPa 2003 ¦ . esckþIRbkas TIRkugsþúk xul sþIBIkumar nig karEfTaMenAkñúgmNÐl . 13 RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnItism,Ta ¬ Ex tula qñaM 2003 ¦ . r)aykarN_sþIBIsnñi sITeRkaysnñisITGnþrCati TIRkúgsþúkxul : kumar nig karEfTaM enAtammNÐlsñak;enAry³eBlyUr : éf¶TI 14-15 Ex tula qñaM 2003 . TIRkúgPñMeBj ³ RksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig yuvnItism,Ta . 14 GnusBaØa sþIBIsiT§ikumar ¬qñaM 1992 ¦ ³ BiFIsarCMerIs sþIBIkarlk;dUrkumar kumareBsüacar nig rUbGasGaPas kumar ¬ 2000 ¦ sþIBIkarBak;B½n§rbs;kumarenAkñúgCMelaHRbdab;GavuF ¬ 2000 ¦ GnusBaØabEnßmsþIBIkarlubbM)at; TasPaB BaNiC¢kmμTaskr nig sßab½n nig karGnuvtþn_nana EdlRsedogKñaeTAnwgTasPaB ¬ pþl;sc©ab½n enA qñaM 1957 ¦ GnusBaØasþIBIBlkmμedaybgçitbgçM ¬ pþl;sc©ab½nenAqñaM 1970 ¦ GnusBaØa qñaM 2000 RbqaMgnwg]Rkidækmμ i

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GnþrCati BiFIsarsþIBIkarTb;sáat; bRgáab nig dak;eTas karCYjdUrmnusS CaBiess RsþI nig kumar ¬BiFIsar I ¦ nig RbqaMgkarrt;Bn§mnusS bMlas;TIlMenAtamdIeKak smuRT nig tampøÚvGakas ¬BiFIsarII ¦ ¬2001 ¦ GnusBaØaGnþrCati sþIBIsiT§iEpñkesdækic©sgÁm nig vb,Fm’ ¬1980 ¦ GnusBaØaBak;B½n§ nig GayuGb,rimasMrab;eFIVkargar ¬1973 ¦ Gnu sBaØasþIBIkarlubbM)at;ral;TMrg;rUbPaBénkarerIseGIgRbqaMgRsþIePT ¬1992 ¦ BiFIsarCMerIsbEnßmelIGnusBaØasþI BIkarlubbM)at;ral;TMrg;rUbPaBénkarerIseGIgRbqaMgRsþIePT ¬ 2001 ¦ . 15 esckþIRBagc,ab;sþIBIsiTi§CnBikar. 16 esckþIRbkassþIBIeKalkarN_sgÁm nig c,ab;nana EdlTak;TgeTAnwg kic©karBar nig suxumalPaBrbs;kumar ehIynig manxøwmsarBiessBak;B½n§eTAnwg kardak;kumareGayeKciB©awmCakUnFm’ nig CakUnciB©awmkñúgRbeTs nig eRkA RbeTs . 17 c,ab;GgÁkarshRbCaCati sMrab;karBarGnItiCn EdlRtUv)aneKdkhUtesrIPaB . xvii cMENk UNAIDS GgÁkaryUnIeshV nig USAID vij )ankMNt;niymn½y : kumarkMRBa : dUcteTA ÷ - kumarkMRBamþay KWCakumarEdlmþay)ansøab;ecal . cMENkÉ «Bukvij GacenAman CIvitrs;enA b¤k¾min dwgfaenATINaeT ¬rYmbBa©Úl kumarkMRBa TaMg«Buk TaMgmþay ¦ . - kumarkMRBa«Buk KWCakumarEdl«Buk)ansøab;ecal . cMENkÉ mþayvij GacenAman CIvitrs;enA b¤k¾ mindwgfaenATINaeT ¬ rYmbBa©ÚlkumarkMRBaTaMg«BukTaMgmþay ¦ . - kumarEdlkMRBa TaMg«Buk TaMgmþay KWCakumarEdl«Bukmþay)ansøab;ecal . 19 sUmemIlkMNt;sMKal;elx 15 20 GnusSrN³eyaKyl;Kña rvagrdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nig rdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNacRkéf sþIBIshRbti btiþkareTVPaKI edIm,IlubbM)at;karCYjdUrkumar nig RsþI nig CYyCnrgeRKaHedaysarkarCYjdUr ¬ ]sPa 2003 ¦ .

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