Southeast Asia, Mobility, City & Innovation System Dr. Pun-Arj Chairatana Managing Director, Noviscape Consulting Group Panel One: Urban Transport and Megacities: Globalization and Connectivity in Asia Regional Conference on Asian Transport and Megacities December 14, 2012 New World Hotel Makati City, Philippines
Introduction
• City is a center point for innovative activities, while mobility and transport represent a central socio-political issue in a contemporary globalization. • An existing innovation-system literature has mainly been limited to the national, sectoral, and regional levels. • This paper discusses about emerging issues related to mobility and megacities in Southeast Asia with special reference a recent conceptual framework that may be used for urban environments in the developing country context. 09/19/2012
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Driving Forces on Regional Mobility • Mobility has direct implications for human security and growth; without adequate and affordable means of travel, people have limited access to employment and other sources of livelihood. Some drivers for innovation in mobility in the region can be seen from various problems range from city transport to urbanization. There are five drivers that formulate emerging issues for Southeast Asia. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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A demand on informal transport will shift lifestyle of urbanite and economic migrants. Industrialization will continue to promote rural-urban migration. Advancement in transport and ICT networks will allow for even more population mobility. International mobility of workers (international migrants) will also affect the future of the Southeast Asia socio-economy. Regionalization of Southeast Asia in 2015 will accelerate a socio-cultural mobility within the member countries and the rest of the world Southeast Asia, Mobility, City, & Innovation System
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Trend on regional mobility
• • • • • • • •
Growth of rural cosmopolitanism Feminization of migration intensifies Restrictions on mobility Complementarity and competition Rise of the secondary cities Entrepreneurship and informal mobility Sharing the Road Cross-border mobility as a collective platform for the stateless people
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City Innovation & City Innovation System
• a CITY INNOVATION –“A new or improved solution that contributes towards enhanced liveability, prosperity, and equity of the city.”
• a CITY INNOVATION SYSTEM –“The human-space ecology that promotes the creation, adoption, and diffusion of city innovations” 09/19/2012
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Criteria • Novelty: A solution that is relatively new to the megacity in question. • Impacts: A solution that has already had noticeable impacts on prosperity and liveability in your megacity OR exhibits potential to effect substantial changes to prosperity and liveability • Equity: A solution that does not worsen the income distribution and social inequality in the megacity. A city innovation should reach a broader base in the urban population, rather than benefitting only the rich. • Environmental sustainability: A solution that is aligned with the principle of environmental sustainability. 09/19/2012
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• Economic and financial feasibility: A solution that is economically and financially feasible. As we think ahead about how to diffuse a city innovation from one megacity to another and/or to replicate it on a mass scale, the costs of creating, adopting, and diffusing an innovation becomes critical. • Transferability: A solution that is socially, culturally, or geographically neutral is more likely to diffuse quickly and widely. However, successful implementation of an innovative idea may rely heavily on social and cultural contexts. • Political acceptability: Any solution that is to be adoption in a mass scale need political acceptance, which means people whose lives are affected participate directly in the decision-making process.
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The top-ten regional drivers for megacities foresight in Southeast Asia
• • • • •
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Climate change Governance Migration ASEAN integration ICT breakthrough
• Globalization of trade • Ageing society • Competition with other regions • Young and new generations • Regional trade
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Each city has its own challenge and uncertainty • Bangkok will face with a non-traditional security (NTS) challenge for its capital city. • Ho Chi Minh City will face with a challenge on governance system and implementation, an change of rural lifestyle in urban settings • Jakarta will see more crash of informality power, dependency of the capital on surrounding neighborhoods, and uncontrolled democratization. • Kuala Lumpur will continue to tackle with its multi-racial and strong government issue. • Manila will continue to be city for the young English speaking with voluntarism ideology, and • Singapore will fetch the dream to be the world-class city state. 09/19/2012
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There are 36 scenarios from six megacities Megacities
Bangkok
Socio-environmental Scenario
Grey
Ho Chi Minh City Inundation
Insecurity
Integration
Jakarta
Green
Justice
Kuala Lumpur
Environment
Competitive & Efficient Social security
Manila
Nature
Nurture
Network
Singapore
Green
Grey
Smart
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Green
Demographical and Network and rights livelihood Scenario Scenario
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Social rights
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The regional scenarios comprise of three major scenarios;
Scenario 1 Resilience SEA
Scenario 3 City Governance and role of citizenship
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Scenario 2 – ASEANization
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Scenario 1 - Resilience SEA:
窶｢ Megacities adaptation and mitigation could protect people from the impact of climate change. Innovation on city planning to response to energy and environment concerned need to be taken into account. There are also many other issues to keep the megacity livable and sustainable; i.e. city food and energy security and risk management. 窶連chieving urban resilience engaging the capacities of social agents to understand and act upon the urban systems through iterative cycles of understanding and act upon the urban systems through iterative cycles of understanding vulnerability and building resilience. 09/19/2012
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Scenario 2 - ASEANization:
• The ASEAN regional cohesion that is going to be effective in 2015 would allow a free move of trade, goods, as well as people across ASEAN region. This would bring about a dramatic demographic change within ASEAN community. Not only a necessary change of the integration such as standardization, regulation, but also a way of life and a new requirement of ASEAN population. An adaptation of ASEAN population to have a well mingle with other ASEAN countries will shift the whole picture of ASEAN countries as they used to be. The impact of this change could happen in various dimension such as culture, languages, novel route of communication. Collaboration in every level is needed to have well integration. 09/19/2012
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Scenario 3 - City Governance and role of citizenship:
• To face the change of all driving force to megacities, and maintain sustainability, the city governance body needs to have a radical change of mindset, new strategies, and create new governance models to support development and foster a new generation of urban leadership. Emerging issues within city governance and citizenships, which are migration and cultural diversity, diversification of local public bodies, and public space and institutions. 09/19/2012
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For More information and updating
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