NEW MUSICAL HORIZONS, JANUARY 2024

NEW MUSICAL HORIZONS

THE MAGIC OF LASER IN SHOWS

BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

MUSIC LESSONS: ALL THE SECRETS TO LEARNING TO PLAY A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT

CONTENTS

What is armodue .4

The best album of the month .6

Musical organ .8

Music lessons .12

New age dream Orchestra - Signals from space .15

The magic of laser in shows .16

Aaron Noul - Building a new Civilization .21

Brief history of musical instruments .22

Rhodes, wurlitzer and other electric pianos .24

Not only music - Made in italy .30

Various Artist - Lady 1940 .32

Contact us .33

This is one of the album tracks of the month

NEW MUSICAL HORIZONS

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WHAT IS ARMODUE? SECOND PART

What music with Armodue.

Armodue is a new musical system in the sense that it adopts a general scale of sounds (chromatic scale) based on 16 different notes instead of 12 (there are 12 notes in the chromatic scale currently used in Western music).

This wealth of “new” notes available, in relation to the composition, is comparable to a vast range of “new” colors in the palette in relation to the painting.

The Armodue system therefore does not necessarily aim to revolutionize, to recreate styles and genres of music from scratch; it is proposed to musicians first and foremost as an enrichment of the range of pitches (frequencies) available. In practical terms this enrichment consists in a contribution of new intervals, new chords, new scales, new melodic-harmonic-polyphonic formulas.

Armodue radically modifies the qualities of music, but the transformation carried out is primarily at the level of melody and harmony, therefore of everything concerning the pitches (including the writing system).

Everything concerning styles, forms, rhythms, metrics, the representation of sound durations, dynamic and diacritical signs, arrangement criteria, timbral choices is not distorted by the use of Armodue, unless whether it is a precise choice of a composer to invent a new musical genre or style with Armodue.

This means that, even by adopting Armodue, it will be possible to compose music in known genres: thus there will be classical music, jazz, rock, blues, pop music and any other musical genre also known in the new hexadecaphonic system.

Also in Armodue there will be a sequence of chords such as

“turn of C”, there will be the eight bars of a phrase, the verse and the chorus, the fundamentals and the bass of the chords, the inversions, the four-quarter time, the sections of the strings and wind instruments of an orchestra, the Blue notes, the polychords so dear to jazz musicians, the rhythms and percussions already known and everything else.

The birth of new musical styles that will be added to the already existing ones will perhaps be necessary but everything will depend on the developments that the new system will take.

Here, however, we only underline that Armodue does not want to erase the great resources of current and past music: the styles, genres and inherited forms.

Armodue represents a future of music that will incorporate the legacies of the past to enrich them with new resources, a great novelty in the color palette of sounds, a broader sonic horizon. Composers who used hexadecaphony in microtonal music

Among the composers who until now have used tunings based on the equalized sixteen-note scale, Op de Coul, J. Goldsmith, Easily Blackwood, Miller, Wilson deserve mention. The composer Lou Harrison deserves a separate discussion as he used a sixteen-note scale that was not already equalized but based on pure intervals (Just intonation).

The three main Armodue temperaments that can be created for all musical instruments

The intonation of the sixteen notes of the Armodue chromatic scale varies depending on the temperament adopted.

There are three possible temperaments:

- the Equalized temperament

- division of the octave into sixteen equal microtones;

- the Just Intonation temperament which applies Lou Harrison’s sixteen note scale;

- the Semi-equalized temperament which extrapolates sixteen notes from the thirty-one note equalized scale.

Both of these three temperaments have been designed to be as practical and functional as possible, and can also be obtained in instruments that are problematic regarding different or non-equalized tunings (such as the guitar).

THE BEST ALBUM OF THE MONTH

LUCA ATTANASIO APPUNTI DI VIAGGIO

In this album Luca was able to combine his masterful skills as a composer with truly innovative musical arrangements.

The listener will immerse himself in a truly unique journey in which he will be able to experience magical sensations.

Label: IBIS

Links to listen:

MUSICAL ORGANS

Musical organs are keyboard instruments that have been used for centuries in various musical contexts. They have a long history and a wide range of types, each with unique characteristics. In this overview, we will explore the main types of musical organs, from the classic pipe organ to the Hammond.

1. Pipe Organ: The pipe organ is the archetypal musical organ, dating back over 2,000 years. It is a large instrument consisting of a case containing a series of sound pipes. Each reed produces a sound when activated by a flow of air. The air is usually generated by a hand-operated bellows or an electrical system. The pipe organ can produce a wide range of sounds thanks to its multi-keyboard arrangement and the presence of stops that control different timbres and volumes.

2. Church Pipe Organ: The church pipe organ is a specific type of pipe organ designed for use inside religious buildings. These instruments are often large in size, as they must fill the large acoustic space of churches. Church organs can have a wide range of stops and pedals, and are capable of creating majestic and solemn sounds.

3. Concert Pipe Organ: The concert pipe organ is a variant of the pipe organ designed for performances and concerts. These instruments are often placed in concert halls and auditoriums, and are characterized by greater tonal flexibility and a wider dynamic range than church organs. Concert pipe organs are highly prized for their expressive capabilities and can reproduce a wide range of musical styles.

4. Electric Organ: The electric organ was developed in the 20th century as a compact and more economical alternative to the pipe organ. These instruments use electrical technology to generate sound instead of sound pipes. The Hammond organ is one of the most famous types of electric organ, widely used in jazz, rock and popular music. Electric organs often offer greater portability and versatility than pipe organs, allowing musicians to use them in various musical contexts.

5. Digital Organ: The digital organ is a more modern form of organ that uses digital technology to emulate the sounds of pipe organs and electric organs. These instruments offer a wide range of sonic possibilities thanks to their ability to faithfully recreate the sounds of traditional instruments, as well as generate synthesized sounds. Digital organs are often more compact and lightweight than traditional instruments, offering a practical option for touring musicians or for home use.

In conclusion, the types of musical organs range from the classic pipe organ, with its complex architecture and vast range of stops, to the more modern and practical electric and digital organs. Each type of organ offers a wide range of expressive possibilities and

can be used in different musical traditions and environments. Choosing the right organ depends on the musician’s musical goals and personal preferences.

HOW DOES THE MECHANISM OF A PIPE ORGAN WORK?

The mechanism of a pipe organ is a fascinating and complex system that creates sound by using pressured air to vibrate the pipes. Let’s explore the main components and their functions:

1. Console: The console is where the organist sits and controls the instrument. It contains the keyboards (manuals) and pedals, as well as stops and other controls that adjust the sound.

2. Keyboards and Pedals: The organist plays the organ using both hands and feet. The keyboards, usually made of wood or ivory, provide a series of keys that control which pipes are sounding. The pedals, typically operated with the feet, control the lowest-pitched pipes.

3. Wind System: The wind system generates and controls the airflow necessary to produce sound. A blower creates the pressured air, which is distributed through a series of channels called wind chests.

4. Wind Chests: Wind chests are large, rectangular boxes that store and control the airflow. They contain valves called pallets that open or close to allow air into the pipes when the corresponding keys are pressed.

5. Pipes: The pipes are the heart of the organ and produce sound. They are made from various materials (metal or wood) and come in different shapes and sizes, producing different pitches, tones, and timbres. The pipes are attached to the wind chests and are activated when the corresponding keys are pressed.

6. Stops: Stops are controls on the console that allow the organist to select different sets of pipes, called ranks. Each rank consists of a group of pipes of the same type and pitch. By pulling out or pushing in the stops, the organist can activate or deactivate specific ranks of pipes, which changes the overall sound of the instrument.

7. Couplers: Couplers are mechanisms that allow the sound from one keyboard to be played on another keyboard, or to be played on different octaves. They enhance the possibilities for creating rich and complex textures.

8. Expression Pedals: Expression pedals enable the organist to control the volume of sound. By gradually pushing or releasing the pedal, the organist can create crescendos and decrescendos, adding dynamics and expression to the music.

As you can see, the mechanism of a pipe organ combines wind supply, valves, pipes, keyboards, and various controls to produce a vast range of sounds and tonal colors. Its complexity and versatility make it a truly remarkable instrument.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL ORGANS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL PIPE ORGANS?

Digital organs, as the name suggests, are electronic musical instruments that aim to replicate the sound and functionality of traditional pipe organs. While both digital and pipe organs serve the purpose of producing organ music, they have several advantages and disadvantages when compared to each other. Let’s explore them:

Advantages of Digital Organs:

1. Cost: Digital organs are generally more affordable compared to traditional pipe organs, making them more accessible to individuals, churches, and smaller venues.

2. Versatility: Digital organs offer a wide range of sounds and styles, allowing organists to replicate different organ types, as well as other instrumental and non-instrumental sounds.

3. Portability: Digital organs are considerably lighter and more portable than traditional pipe organs, making them easier to transport and set up, particularly for events and performances.

4. Maintenance: Digital organs require less maintenance compared to pipe organs. They don’t require tuning and are not susceptible to issues like pipe corrosion or wind damage.

5. Flexibility: Digital organs provide organists with customizable features, such as adjustable voicing, multiple temperaments, and transposing capabilities, which can enhance their playing experience.

Disadvantages of Digital Organs:

1. Authenticity: Despite technological advancements, digital organs often lack the organic and dynamic sound of traditional pipe organs, especially when it comes to emotional expression and nuances.

2. Limited tactile experience: Playing a digital organ does not provide the same tactile feedback that organists experience when playing a pipe organ, particularly the feeling of the physical keyboard, stops, and pedalboard.

3. Dependency on electronics: Digital organs rely on electronic components, which are susceptible to technical malfunctions, power outages, or software issues. This can lead to disruptions during performances.

4. Longevity: While digital organs are generally durable, they may become outdated over time as technology progresses. Regular software and hardware upgrades may be required to keep up with newer features and capabilities.

5. Appearance: Pipe organs are often admired for their beautiful craftsmanship, majestic pipes, and grand aesthetics. Digital organs, being more compact and electronic, may lack the

visual impact and presence of traditional pipe organs.

Ultimately, the choice between a digital organ and a traditional pipe organ depends on an individual’s preferences, needs, budget, and the intended usage. Both instruments have unique characteristics and can serve different musical contexts effectively.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRIC ORGANS?

Electric organs are devices that produce sound through the use of electronic circuits. They are considered a versatile musical instrument that can be found in different contexts, such as churches, concert halls and recording studios. There are different types of electric organs, each with unique characteristics and sounds. Below, the main types of electric organs are listed:

1. Pipe organ: It is certainly the most traditional and historic type of organ. It works through the action of a mechanical blower that supplies air to the metal or wooden pipes, which generate the sound. The pipe organ is often associated with churches and offers a solemn and powerful sound.

2. Hammond Organ: This is perhaps the most

popular and widely used type of electric organ. Invented by Laurens Hammond in 1930, the Hammond organ produces sound through the use of tonewheels (rotors with teeth) and magnets. This type of organ is known for its warm sound, rich in harmonics and its characteristic Leslie rotation, which creates a spatial effect.

3. Transistor Organ: Born in the electronic age, the transistor organ replaces old tube tubes with transistors to amplify sound. This type of organ is generally lighter, smaller and more economical than pipe organs or the Hammond organ. While offering a variety of sounds and settings, the sound of a transistor organ can be considered less warm and less rich than other electric organs.

4. Digital Organ: The digital organ is a type of electric organ that uses digital sampling to reproduce the sound of traditional organs. This type of organ offers a wide range of sounds, as it can emulate many different types of organs, as well as offering other musical instrument sounds as well. The digital organ is lighter and easier to transport than other types of electric organs.

5. Virtual tonewheel organ: This type of electric organ uses software and computers to emulate the sound of older tonewheel organs such as the Hammond organ. The technology used tries to faithfully reproduce the unique characteristics of the sound generated by the tonewheels and Leslie rotation. The virtual tonewheel organ offers flexibility and customization options, but also requires the use of a computer or dedicated sound module.

Each of these types of electric organs has its own unique characteristics and distinctive sound. The choice of organ depends on personal preferences, musical style and the specific needs of the user.

Music lessons

Music lessons are an exceptional opportunity to learn to play a musical instrument and develop a solid understanding of music theory, grammar and harmony.

This engaging and exciting field of study offers a wide range of benefits, both for music enthusiasts and those wishing to pursue a career in music, both for children or teenagers and for adults of all ages. In this in-depth examination, we will explore the main aspects of music lessons, including their objectives, benefits and essential requirements for effective learning.

Objectives of music lessons: Music lessons aim to achieve several fundamental objectives:

1. Learning the instrument: Music lessons aim to teach the skills necessary to play a musical instrument correctly and accurately. This may include performance technique, musical interpretation, reading the score and mastering the fingering of the instrument.

2. Understanding music theory and harmony: Music lessons also focus on teaching the fundamental elements of music theory, such as reading notes, writing and interpreting scores, scales, chords, and structure of musical compositions.

3. Development of musical ear or ear education: Through practice and exercise, music lessons aim to develop students’ musical ear, allowing them to recognize and correctly reproduce notes, chords and melodies . Relative ear allows you to recognize sounds by having a known sound as an initial reference, absolute ear allows you to recognize the pitches of any sound heard, without references, such as the note reproduced by the ringing of a bell in the morning as soon as you wake up.

4. Performance and Interpretation: Music lessons provide the opportunity for students to perform and practice their skills on the instrument. Students will learn to play musical pieces accurately, expressing personal emotions and interpretations. In this regard, the example given by a teacher who plays a score and interprets it is worth more than a thousand explanations that you can give verbally.

All the secrets to learning to play a musical instrument

Benefits of music lessons:

Music lessons offer a series of benefits from both a personal and professional point of view:

1. Improved cognitive skills: Music lessons stimulate the brain and improve cognitive skills, including memory, attention and concentration. Studies have shown that musical learning can have a positive impact on academic performance in other subjects.

2. Creative expression: Playing a musical instrument allows you to express your creativity and give life to feelings and emotions through music. Music lessons stimulate and develop the artistic aspect of the individual.

3. Personal growth: Students who take music lessons develop greater discipline, perseverance and self-confidence. Learning to play an instrument takes time and effort, but ultimately leads to great personal satisfaction. Adolescents then, thanks to their commitment to music, are kept away from more dangerous and unhealthy activities.

4. Career Opportunities: For those who aspire to a career in music, music lessons are the essential foundation for developing the necessary skills and knowledge. Students will have the opportunity to pursue careers as professional musicians, composers, music teachers, or work in the music industry.

Requirements for effective learning:

To get the maximum benefits from music lessons, there are some key requirements:

1. Commitment: Music lessons require constant commitment and regular practice. Students need to set aside time every day to practice and improve their skills.

2. Musical instrument: Students must have access to an appropriate musical instrument for lessons and personal practice.

3. Qualified teacher: It is crucial to find a qualified and experienced music teacher, who can guide students through the learning process in an effective and motivating way.

4. Motivation and passion: Students must be motivated and passionate about music to get the most out of the lessons. Passion is what drives students to pursue continuous practice and overcome challenges that may arise along the way.

Conclusions:

Music lessons offer an engaging and rewarding learning experience for those who want to learn to play an instrument and develop musical skills.

Through lessons, students gain a better understanding of music theory, improve cognitive skills, develop their musical ear, and benefit from a personally and professionally fulfilling experience. With commitment, practice and qualified teachers, students can master the musical instrument and enjoy the many benefits that music lessons can offer.

DIGITAL MUSIC DISTRIBUTION

ARE YOU A MUSICIAN?

HAVE YOU RECORDED AN ALBUM AND WOULD LIKE TO DISTRIBUTE IT?

THE MAGIC OF LASER IN SHOWS

Using lasers with music is a fascinating topic that combines laser technology with the art of musical performance. This practice creates a unique visual and sound experience, transforming a simple concert into an engaging and exciting event.

Lasers are primarily used to create visual effects during live musical performances. Through the use of sophisticated laser projection equipment, it is possible to create a wide range of visual effects such as light beams, geometric figures, abstract shapes and even animations. These effects can be synchronized with music, creating an immersive multi-sensory experience for the audience.

One of the most interesting aspects of using laser with music is its versatility. Music producers, DJs and artists can use lasers to accommodate different musical genres and performance styles. For example, during an electronic music performance, lasers can be synchronized with the rhythm and key changes of the music, creating a futuristic and hypnotic atmosphere. Similarly, during a rock or metal concert, lasers can be used to create a visual “headbanging” effect by amplifying the energy and adrenaline of the music.

Furthermore, the use of lasers with music also offers creative possibilities for artists. Lighting designers can use lasers to create virtual sets or images projected onto screens, adding a striking visual element to musical performances. This can be especially useful during performances by solo musicians or smaller groups, making the show more engaging for the audience.

However, it is important to note that the use of lasers in music requires attention and skill. It is necessary to respect safety regulations to avoid damage or danger to the public and the artists themselves. Laser operators must be trained and qualified to properly use these powerful devices. In conclusion, the use of laser with music is an innovative practice that combines technology and art

to create spectacular and engaging experiences. From electronic music concerts to rock or metal performances, the use of lasers adds an exciting visual element and creates a unique atmosphere. However, it is essential to always operate carefully and respect safety regulations to ensure perfect execution and a wonderful experience for all participants.

How does laser technology enhance the experience of listening to music?

Laser technology can enhance the experience of listening to music in several ways.

Here are a few examples:

1. Laser Projection: Laser projectors can create stunning visual effects during live music performances or music events. They can project intricate patterns, animations, or even images that synchronize with the music, adding a visual element to the auditory experience.

2. Laser Light Shows: Laser light shows are popular during music concerts or events. They use laser beams of different colors and intensities, choreographed to the beat and rhythm of the music. This creates a mesmerizing visual experience that complements the music and adds an extra layer of excitement for the audience.

3. Laser Holography: Laser holography is a technique that can create three-dimensional virtual images of musicians or objects on stage. It can give the illusion that the musicians are floating in the air or create visual effects that seamlessly blend with the music. This technology adds a sense of depth and immersion to the music performance.

4. Laser-etched Discs: Laser etching technology allows intricate designs or patterns to be etched onto the surface of music discs, such as CDs or vinyl records. These designs can be artfully created to complement the music style, making the album or disc visually appealing when you’re flipping through your music collection.

5. Laser Audio Playback: Laser technology has also been used in audio playback devices, such as Blu-ray players. These players use laser beams to read the high-resolution audio tracks, resulting in clearer and more accurate sound reproduction. This ensures that the music you listen to has a higher fidelity and greater depth, enhancing the overall listening experience.

These are just a few examples of how laser technology can

enhance the experience of listening to music. The use of lasers adds a visually captivating element, complements the music with synchronized effects, and improves the audio quality for a more immersive and enjoyable musical experience.

Can you explain the process of synchronizing lasers with music?

Certainly! The process of synchronizing lasers with music involves combining laser technology with audio signals or music to create a visually captivating and synchronized experience. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the process:

1. Laser Equipment: To begin, you will need laser equipment such as laser projectors, laser modules, or laser systems. These lasers emit beams of light in various colors, intensity, and patterns.

2. Audio Analysis: The audio signal or music track you want to synchronize with the lasers needs to be analyzed to extract relevant information. This analysis can be done using specialized software or hardware that detects the beat, rhythm, and other parameters from the audio signal.

3. Control System: A control system is required to receive the analyzed audio information and convert it into control signals for the laser equipment. This can be achieved using a computer-based control software or dedicated hardware control units.

4. Programming: The control system needs to be programmed to interpret the analyzed audio data and translate it into laser control commands. This programming involves mapping specific laser effects, patterns, colors, and movements to different audio parameters like beat, bass, or melody.

5. Laser Effects: Based on the programmed instructions, the control system adjusts the laser parameters in real-time to create visual effects that match the music. These effects can include laser beams scanning, sweeping, pulsating, or changing colors and patterns.

6. Timing and Synchronization: Precise timing

is crucial for synchronization. The control system synchronizes the laser effects with the audio signals, ensuring that the laser movements and changes occur at the right moments in the music. This synchronization can be achieved by using the extracted beat or tempo information from the audio analysis.

7. Live Performance or Pre-programmed Show: Depending on the setup, laser synchronization can be performed live by a technician who manually controls the laser effects in real-time, responding to the music. Alternatively, the entire show can be pre-programmed and automated to run without manual intervention.

8. Safety Considerations: It is essential to follow safety protocols when working with lasers. Ensure that the laser equipment is properly calibrated, within safe power limits, and directed away from the audience to avoid any potential risks.

By following these steps, laser effects can be synchronized with music to create visually immersive experiences for performances, concerts, parties, or multimedia installations.

Are there specific types of music genres that work best with laser effects?

When it comes to laser effects, there are definitely music genres that are commonly associated with them due to their energetic and visually captivating nature. Here are a few genres that tend to work particularly well with laser effects:

1. Electronic Dance Music (EDM): EDM is wellknown for its heavy use of synthesizers, pulsating beats, and high-energy drops. The dynamic nature of this genre perfectly complements the mesmerizing laser patterns and movements, creating a truly immersive audio-visual experience.

2. Trance: Trance music, characterized by its repetitive melodic patterns and uplifting synths, blends seamlessly with laser effects. The ethereal and hypnotic nature of trance can be enhance by synchronized lasers, intensifying the emotional impact of the music.

3. Dubstep: Dubstep often features heavy basslines, wobbles, and aggressive drops, making it a genre that pairs well with powerful laser effects. The sharp, rapid movements of lasers can accentuate the intense and dynamic soundscapes of dubstep.

4. Rock and Metal: Although not commonly associated with laser effects, rock and metal genres can still work effectively with lasers, especially during concerts or performances where a grand visual spectacle is desired. Laser effects can add an extra layer of dramatic flair to the energetic and powerful nature of these genres.

It’s important to note that the choice of music ultimately depends on the desired atmosphere and the preferences of the audience. Laser effects can enhance a wide range of music genres, so it’s worth experimenting and finding the right combination to create an unforgettable experience.

How does the use of lasers in music performances contribute to the atmosphere and mood of the event?

The use of lasers in music performances can greatly contribute to the atmosphere and mood of the event in several ways:

1. Visual Impact: Laser lights create stunning visual effects that add a captivating element to the performance. The beams of light can be directed in various patterns, colors, and intensities, creating dynamic visuals that grab the audience’s attention and enhance the overall aesthetic of the show.

2. Enhanced Stage Presence: Laser lighting can help elevate the stage presence of performers by emphasizing their movements and actions. By synchronizing the lasers with the music or specific moments of the performance, it can accentuate the key elements, creating a more immersive experience for the audience.

3. Atmosphere and Energy: Laser lights have the ability to create an energetic and lively atmosphere. The vibrant, pulsating beams of light can synchronize with the beat of the music, intensifying the energy and enhancing the overall mood and excitement of the event. This can make the audience feel more engaged and connected to the music and performers.

4. Emotional Impact: Lasers are versatile in creating different moods and emotions. They can produce softer and more ethereal effects for slower, introspective songs, evoking a sense of tranquility or melancholy. Conversely, lasers can also create intense and high-energy effects for upbeat tracks, boosting the excitement and creating a sense of joy and celebration.

Immersive Experience: Laser lighting can transform a music performance into a multi-sensory experience. By using smoke or haze machines, lasers can create a three-dimensional visual display that seems

to extend beyond the stage, enveloping the audience in a captivating and immersive atmosphere.

Overall, the use of lasers in music performances brings an added layer of visual spectacle, amplifies the emotions and energy, and helps create a more immersive and memorable experience for the audience.

Can lasers be used as a storytelling tool in music performances?

Yes, lasers can definitely be used as a storytelling tool in music performances. Lasers can create visually stunning effects that can enhance the narrative or mood of a performance. They can be used to create intricate patterns, shapes, and colors, as well as to project images and animations. By synchronizing the lasers with the music, artists can create a truly immersive and captivating experience for the audience. Laser shows have been a popular feature in many live performances, from concerts to dance parties, as they can help create a sense of drama, excitement, or even mystery.

Are there any notable musicians or bands known for their innovative use of lasers in their live shows?

Yes, there are several notable musicians and bands known for their innovative use of lasers in their live shows. Here are a few examples:

1. Pink Floyd: Known for their extravagant stage productions, Pink Floyd used lasers extensively in their live shows. Their performances often featured impressive laser light shows that synchronized with their music, creating immersive and visually stunning experiences for the audience.

2. Daft Punk: This iconic French electronic music duo incorporated laser effects into their live performances. Their shows featured a combination of vibrant lighting design and laser projections, adding to the high-energy atmosphere of their music.

3. Muse: The British rock band Muse is known for incorporating lasers into their live shows to enhance their theatrical performances. They have used lasers to create stunning visual effects, such as laser beams synchronized with the music or projecting laser patterns onto large LED screens.

4. Jean-Michel Jarre: A pioneer in electronic music, Jean-Michel Jarre is renowned for his use of lasers in his live concerts. His performances often featured intricate laser displays, including laser harps, walls of laser beams, and laser projections onto massive buildings.

5. Deadmau5: This Canadian electronic music producer and performer is known for his inventive use of lasers in his live shows. He often incorporates carefully synchronized laser effects, such as laser grids and beams, to create visually captivating displays that complement his music.

While these are just a few examples, many other musicians and bands have utilized lasers creatively during their live performances, bringing a unique visual element to their shows.

BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

PREHISTORIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

It is said that the rhythm was established first, probably in imitation of the heartbeat, produced by clapping the hands or striking trunks and branches, or a large hollowed-out fruit into which seeds or pebbles were inserted and which was thus transformed into a rattle. Subsequently, man learned to create melodies with his voice by imitating the sounds of nature: the noise of the wind, streams, thunder. Little by little man learned to create increasingly elaborate instruments: by making small holes in the bones of birds, he realized that he could produce a sort of melodious sound that changed when the fingers kept the small holes closed or open.

THE FIRST REAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

The Sumerians made a decisive contribution to the evolution of musical instruments. Their civilization, considered the first urban civilization, which lived in the region of Mesopotamia (corresponding to present-day Iraq and part of Syria and Turkey) between the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, created, in addition to writing and arithmetic, the musical instruments harp and the lyre, precursors of the current instruments of the same name. Stones, wood and precious metals were used to make them, while the ropes were made from the intestines of animals. From the 4th to the 1st century BC the first examples of trumpet and pipe organ were born.

The first musical instruments used by man were rudimentary and came from nature. Our ancestors, in fact, used what they found and had easily available: animal bones, trunks and excavated branches. And again, drums to get the rhythm, flutes and voices to create melodies. It therefore seems that already in prehistory man dedicated himself to music, experimenting with the very first musical instruments in the woods and caves and creating the first songs and melodies. Thanks to the Sumerians there was an important evolution with the invention of the harp and the lyre, both equipped with strings that were plucked to produce sounds.

PIANO AND VIOLIN: THE GREAT CLASSICS

Above all, the piano, invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori, marked the modern era. It is an instrument whose strings are struck by small hammers. The piano spread in the eighteenth century, obscuring the scene that until then had been that of the harpsichord. At the same time, the violin also began to become very popular, in particular those produced by the luthier Stradivari.

Around the mid-nineteenth century (the period in which the drums and saxophone also began to spread) the modern guitar also began to spread. the fingers kept the small holes closed or open.

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS

Technological advances led to the creation of completely different musical instruments. One of the first was the theremin which is played by moving the hands in the electromagnetic field that the device creates; yes, this is probably the only instrument that can be played without touching it!

Subsequently electric guitars, synthesizers and samplers of every type, shape and price.

Currently in recording studios and almost everywhere, software that replicates the sounds of their “brothers” real synthesizers and samplers are becoming increasingly popular.

RHODES, WURLITZER AND OTHER ELECTRIC PIANOS

Rhodes, Wurlitzer, and other electric pianos have undoubtedly made a profound impact on the world of music since their introduction. These instruments revolutionized the way we perceive and create keyboard sounds, offering unique tonal characteristics that have become iconic in many musical genres.

1. Rhodes Piano:

The Rhodes piano was invented by Harold Rhodes in the 1940s and gained popularity during the 1960s and 1970s. Its distinct sound is achieved through metal tines being struck by hammers to produce vibrations, which are then amplified by electromagnetic pickups. The resulting timbre can vary from warm and mellow to bright and bell-like, making it versatile for both jazz and pop styles. Harold Rhodes was a teacher and musician who wanted to create a more accessible and affordable alternative to traditional acoustic pianos. The first prototype of the Rhodes piano, called the Pre-Piano, was built in 1946. It was an amplified version of a miniature piano that Rhodes initially designed to help injured World War II soldiers in their rehabilitation process. This early prototype had small keys, but it laid the foundation for the development of the Rhodes electric piano. In the late 1950s, Rhodes collaborated with Leo Fender, the founder of Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, to further refine and improve the instrument. Together, they developed the first commercial version of the Rhodes piano, called the Fender Rhodes Piano Bass. This model featured 32 keys and was primarily designed to function as a bass keyboard for accompaniment purposes. By the early 1960s, Rhodes had established his own company, the Rhodes Piano Corporation, and began producing a variety of models, including the Student Piano (73 keys) and the Stage Piano (73 or 88 keys). The Rhodes quickly gained popularity among professional musicians, especially in jazz, soul, and rock genres, and became an iconic instrument of the era. Throughout the years, Rhodes continued to refine the design of their electric pianos, incorporating various improvements such as adjustable sustain and tremolo effects. Different models were introduced, including the famous Mark I (1969-1975) and Mark II (1979-1983) series, which had distinct tonal characteristics and playing feel. The Rhodes electric piano saw its golden era in the 1970s, with artists like Ray Charles, Stevie Wonder, Herbie Hancock, and many others incorporating its unique sound into their music. However, the company faced financial difficulties in the 1980s and ultimately ceased production in 1984. Despite the discontinuation of the original Rhodes pianos, the instrument’s legacy lives on, and there has been a revival of interest in recent years. Various companies have been authorized to produce replica models or introduce updated versions of the Rhodes, ensuring its continued influence in contemporary music.

2. Wurlitzer Electric Piano:

Developed by Benjamin Miessner in the late 1930s, the Wurlitzer electric piano rose to prominence during the 1960s as a competitor to the acoustic piano’s heavy weight and maintenance needs. It functions similarly to an electric guitar with vibrantly resonating reeds creating sound under tension when plucked by felt-tipped hammers. The Wurlitzer has a distinctive punchy tone with characteristics ranging from smooth jazz chords to gritty rock riffs.

A Wurlitzer electric piano and a Rhodes do have some similarities in terms of their function as electric keyboard instruments, but there are several key differences between the two:

A. Tone: One of the major differences is in their tonal characteristics. A Wurlitzer electric piano produces a bright, bell-like sound, whereas a Rhodes has a warmer, smoother tone. The Wurlitzer has a more distinct attack and a shorter sustain, while the Rhodes has a more sustained and rounder sound.

B. Construction: The construction of the two instruments also varies. A Wurlitzer electric piano uses metal reeds that are struck by hammers, similar to a traditional piano. On the other hand, a Rhodes uses tines made of metal that are struck by rubber-tipped hammers. The mechanics of the keys and the sound generation mechanisms differ between the two.

C. Amplification: Another difference lies in how the instruments are amplified. Wurlitzer electric pianos usually have built-in speakers that project the sound directly. Rhodes pianos, on the other hand, rely on external amplification, usually through a separate amplifier or PA system.

D. Weight and Portability: In general, Wurlitzers are lighter and more portable than Rhodes pianos. Wurlitzer electric pianos are compact and often have folding legs, making them easier to transport. Rhodes pianos are typically heavier and require more effort to move around.

E. Popular Usage: The Wurlitzer electric piano gained popularity during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly in genres like rock, pop, and jazz. It was famously used by artists like Ray Charles and The Doors. The Rhodes, however, became more widely used in the 1970s and 1980s, finding its place in various genres, including jazz, funk, and soul. It was prominently featured in recordings by Stevie Wonder and Herbie Hancock. Both the Wurlitzer electric piano and the Rhodes have their unique sonic qualities and have been embraced by musicians across different

genres. Understanding their distinctions can help in choosing the right instrument for a particular style of music or personal preference.

The sound produced by a Rhodes electric piano and a Wurlitzer electric piano have distinct characteristics that set them apart. Here are the key differences:

A. Sound: The Rhodes produces a warm and mellow tone, often described as bell-like or chime-like. It has a rich and full-bodied sound with a smooth sustain. On the other hand, the Wurlitzer has a brighter and more percussive tone with a sharper attack. It can be described as bell-like as well, but with a slightly more metallic quality.

B. Attack and Decay: The Rhodes has a slower attack and a longer sustain due to its hammer mechanism. Its notes bloom and sustain for a longer period, giving it a lush and expressive quality. On the contrary, the Wurlitzer has a faster attack and a shorter decay, resulting in a more punchy and staccato-like sound. The notes on a Wurlitzer tend to have a quick release.

C. Expressiveness: The Rhodes electric piano offers a wider range of expressiveness due to its touch-sensitive nature. It responds to the player’s dynamics and allows for subtle nuances in playing, including pianissimo and fortissimo variations. The Wurlitzer, while still capable of dynamics, is generally less touch-sensitive and offers a more consistent volume across the keys.

D. Harmonic Structure: The Rhodes produces a more complex harmonic structure with a richer overtone series. This characteristic contributes to its warm and lush sound. The Wurlitzer, on the other hand, has a simpler harmonic structure, which gives it a distinct bright and percussive quality.

E. Amplification and Distortion: The Rhodes requires more amplification to reach its full potential due to its lower output. It also responds well to overdrive and distortion effects, creating a gritty and vintage electric piano sound. The Wurlitzer, on the other hand, has a higher output and can be naturally driven to its characteristic distorted tone, which is often sought after in certain genres of music.

In summary, the Rhodes electric piano offers a warm and mellow sound with a longer sustain and greater expressiveness.

The Wurlitzer electric piano, on the other hand, has a brighter and punchier tone with a quicker decay and distinct percussive quality. Both have their own unique sonic characteristics and are beloved for their contributions to different musical styles.

3. Hohner Pianet:

Another notable member of vintage electric pianos is Hohner Pianet —a popular instrument from the late 1950s until its decline in popularity during the mid-1970s due to technological advancements— offers a unique electro-mechanical design using magnetically activated reeds akin to an accordion or harmonica producing rich tones.

The Hohner Pianet is a unique and iconic keyboard instrument that was first introduced by the German company, Hohner, in the 1960s. It quickly gained popularity and became widely used in various musical genres, especially during the 1960s and 1970s. The history of the Hohner Pianet is an interesting journey of innovation and creativity.

The development of the Hohner Pianet can be traced back to the rise of electric pianos in the mid-20th century. Electric pianos were becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to produce a wide range of sounds and tones compared to traditional acoustic pianos. However, they were often large, heavy, and expensive instruments.

Hohner saw an opportunity to create a more affordable alternative with its own unique sound characteristics. They aimed at producing an electromechanical piano that would be compact, lightweight, portable, and most importantly, affordable for musicians around the world.

In 1962, Hohner successfully introduced its first version of the Pianet - known as Model T - which had electrostatic reed pickups. This innovative design utilized metal reeds mounted on individual felt strips to produce sound when struck by small foam pads attached to each key. These vibrations were then captured by electromagnetic pickups placed close to these reeds under individual keys.

Due to this construction scheme with reeds instead of strings like other electric pianos such as Rhodes or Wurlitzer keyboards or hammers like traditional acoustic pianos - it possessed a distinctive sound coveted by many musicians seeking something different from conventional piano sounds.

The following years witnessed several improve-

ments made by Hohner in terms of design and functionality resulting in subsequent models such as Model N (1965), Model E (1967), Model M (1971), among others. With each new version came advancements like increased polyphony capabilities (the number of notes that could be played at once), additional controls, and enhanced sound quality.

Hohner Pianet’s characteristic warm and mellow tone became highly sought after in popular music of the 1960s and 1970s. It was particularly prominent in genres like rock, pop, soul, funk, jazz, and psychedelic music - frequently used by bands such as The Beatles, The Doors, Stevie Wonder, Pink Floyd, Supertramp, to name just a few.

Despite its popularity during that era primarily for its unique sonic qualities and portability compared to other keyboards at the time (being much lighter than electric pianos with string mechanisms or even Hammond organs), the Hohner Pianet eventually faced some challenges due to new technological advancements.

The rise of digital electronic keyboards in the 1980s posed stiff competition for electromechanical instruments like the Hohner Pianet. Keyboards integrated with synthesized sounds achieved more versatility and dynamic control over tones than earlier designs like those found in Hohner Pianets.

As a result of this technological shift combined with changing musical trends through the decades following its initial release, production of new Hohner Pianets ceased in the late 1980s. However, they have maintained a dedicated following among musicians appreciating their vintage charm and distinctive sound.

In conclusion, the history of the Hohner Pianet marks an important chapter in keyboard instrument innovation. Its unique design featuring reed-based electromechanics produced distinct tonal characteristics that made it an ideal choice for many musicians during its heyday. Though no longer actively manufactured today on a large scale by Hohner or any company worldwide – it continues to hold significance as one of the iconic instruments representative of an era when electric pianos were revolutionizing music production and performance styles across multiple genres.

4. Clavinet:

Made famous through funk music by legends like Stevie Wonder, Herbie Hancock, and Billy Preston, among others; this instrument combines elements of keyboards and guitars featuring strings played via small rubber-tipped wooden hammers while passing through electromagnetic pickups providing an authentic percussive attack accompanied with expressive potential.

The clavinet is a keyboard instrument that gained popularity in the 1960s and 1970s. It was invented by an electrical engineer named Ernst Zacharias, who worked for the Hohner Company in Germany. The instrument was initially created as a way to reproduce the sound of a harpsichord using electric pickups and amplification. The first version of the clavinet, known as Model I or C-1, was introduced in 1964. It had a unique design consisting of wooden keys attached to metal rods called “tines”. When a key was pressed down, it would strike against its corresponding tine, creating a percussive sound similar to that of plucked strings. The vibrations produced by each tine were then captured by electromagnetic pickups and amplified through speakers.

The clavinet quickly gained popularity among musicians due to its distinctive sound and versatility. Its ability to produce different tonal qualities made it suitable for various genres such as funk, soul, rock, and jazz. It became particularly popular in the music of artists like Stevie Wonder, Herbie Hancock, Ray Charles, and Frank Zappa.

In response to increasing demand for the instrument, Hohner released several updated models over the years. The most well-known model is the Clavinet D6 which was introduced in 1971. This model featured improvements such as additional tone controls and adjustable dampers for more precise sound shaping. Despite its popularity during this time period, advancements in synthesizer technology eventually led to a decline in in-

terest in the clavinet during the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, it experienced somewhat of a revival with acts like Red Hot Chili Peppers incorporating its distinct sound into their music.

Today, vintage clavinets are highly sought after by musicians seeking that classic funk or soul sound. There have also been digital recreations of the instrument developed over the years, allowing for greater portability and convenience. In conclusion, the history of the clavinet spans several decades and showcases its notable contribution to popular music. Its unique design and sound have left a lasting impact on various genres, making it an instrument that continues to be revered and celebrated by musicians and enthusiasts alike.

These instruments have shaped countless recordings throughout the decades and continue to be highly sought after by musicians for their distinctive sound qualities. Their impact can be heard across various genres such as jazz, soul, funk, R&B, rock, pop, and even contemporary electronic music.

Notable improvements in manufacturing techniques over time have resulted in modern reproduction models being created alongside those vintage originals cherished around the globe. As a result of this ongoing popularity, many virtual instrument plugins now aim to emulate the characteristic sounds of these iconic electric pianos within digital audio workstations (DAWs).

From professional studio sessions to live performances on stages worldwide, Rhodes, Wurlitzer, and other electric pianos remain indispensable tools for keyboardists seeking unique tonal palettes that add depth and character to their music. Whether it’s the mesmerizing bell-like tones of a Rhodes piano or the biting edge of a Wurlitzer electric piano, these instruments continue to inspire and shape contemporary musical landscapes with their timeless appeal.

NOT ONLY MUSIC MADE IN ITALY

Why is Made in Italy so popular?

When we talk about Made in Italy, we are talking exclusively about Italian products, and the watchword is quality.

Among the most loved and renowned product categories abroad are clothing and accessories such as footwear, bags, suitcases and belts, and food and wine.

Among the other made in Italy products we find glasses, jewellery, precious metals and furniture.

Let’s not forget luxury cars such as Ferrari, Maserati and Lamborghini.

In the two-year period 2020/2021, the most exported and sold Italian products abroad were:

• Dairy products

• Pasta and baked products

• Typical cured meats

• Wine and oenological products

• Eyeglasses

• Clocks

• Shoes and clothing

• Furniture

• Cars, motorbikes and bicycles

• Floor tiles

Made in Italy is highly appreciated around the world thanks to the quality, creativity, design, prestige, style, elegance and exclusivity of the products. These elements are the basis of Italian luxury production, which represents one of the main exports. The Italian “brand” and Made in Italy are among the best known and appreciated worldwide, thanks to the large number of companies that manage to communicate quality, style and innovation. According to a market study, Made in Italy is in seventh place in terms of reputation among consumers around the world.

The breathtaking landscapes that can be appreciated from north to south are a constant attraction for ever-expanding global tourism.

The quantity and quality of works of art that can be enjoyed when coming to Italy are unparalleled anywhere else in the world.

We also want to remember that Italy was the cradle of many absolute geniuses: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Galileo Galilei, Guglielmo Marconi, Antonio Meucci, Alessandro Volta, just to name a few, but there would be many others.

Finally, we underline that in past centuries the influence of Italian composers was so important that, even now, in the performance of classical music, scores are used whose indications of performance, interpretation, dynamics, speed and form are written in Italian.

This album is for fans of old-time music. There we find the female singers who characterized the year 1940 from a musical point of view. There are thirty tracks in total that will involve you emotionally, taking you back in time but, at the same time, will make you listen to absolutely precious and timeless songs again.

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