FIRE STATION 62 AHWATUKEE, ARIZONA NATHAN MCNEILLY
Fire Station 62 is located on an undisturbed site at the base of South Mountain in Ahwatukee Arizona. The site is adjacent to a trail head and will soon be mostly surrounded by suburban development. The duality between desert mountain and suburban fabric greatly informed the material, program, and orientation of the project. With the objective of blending into the earth all the elements that touch the ground are made of an earth tone tinted concrete while all secondary elements of the sky, float above. A multi-use community center was added to the program to bring community members on site with the firefighters. The cant, seen in plan, was done to orient the views of firefighter living spaces to that of the mountain to provide a moment of tranquility when not in an emergency. A rooftop deck furthers this gesture providing a place to rest outside just above the desert floor.
FIRE STATION 62 01 - 24 APPENDIX A - PROGRAM ANALYSIS 25 - 37 APPENDIX B - CASE STUDY 38 - 53 APPENDIX C - ITERATION 01 54 - 66
PHOENIX
TEMPE
SOUTH MOUNTAIN
SITE
PYRAMID TRAIL
W. CHANDLER BLVD
SOUTH MOUNTAIN
AHWATUKEE
WASH
LOOP 202
SITE INFO 1
Program
Rotate for Truck Access
Entry + Exit Surfaces
Subtractions + Materials
Apparatus Bay
Pedestrian Entry +Exit
Corten Steel (sky)
Admin + Support
Fire Truck Exit
Patinated Steel (middle)
Community Center
Tinted Concrete (ground)
Living Quarters
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
MASSING 2
SITE
Pyramid Trailhead Parkin Lot
r Blvd.
W Chandle
SITE PLAN 3
North Site Boundary
South Site Boundary
North Street Edge
South Street Edge
SECTION Mountain Summit
Street Level
SITE 4
Fire Station A. Apparatus Bay B. Exterior Storage C. Turnout Room D. Decon. Gym E. Electrical F. EMS Storage G. Vehicle Maintenance H. SCBA Storage I. Captains Office
J. Janitor K. MECH L. Electrical M. IDC Closet N. Telecom. Room O. Comm. Room P. Alternate Response Q. Watch Room R. Lobby
Community Center 1. Gym 2. Group Fitness 3. Conference Room 4. Computer Lab 5. Classroom 6. Storage + MECH
GROUND FLOOR
PLAN 5
Fire Station 1. Mezzanine Storage 2. Outdoor Patio 3. Day Room 4. Dining 5. Kitchen 6. Laundry 7. Captains Dorm 8. Dorms 9. Storage 10. Deck
SECOND FLOOR
PLAN 6
Tinted Concrete
Corten Steel
Patinated Steel
SOUTH
ELEVATION 7
8
Apparatus Bay
Other Buildings
Joist: 30k10 Girder: W21x57 Column: HSS 8x8x3/16
Beam: W10x17 Girder: W12x26 Column: HSS 5x5x5/16
Primary Member Secondary Member
FIRST FLOOR
STRUCTURE 9
Apparatus Bay
Other Buildings
Joist: 30k10 Girder: W21x57 Column: HSS 8x8x3/16
Transfer Beam: W16x36 Beam: W10x17 Girder: W12x26 Column: HSS 5x5x5/16
Primary Member Secondary Member
SECOND FLOOR
STRUCTURE 10
Apparatus Bay
Other Buildings
Joist: 30k10 Girder: W21x57 Column: HSS 8x8x3/16
Beam: W10x17 Girder: W12x26 Column: HSS 5x5x5/16
Primary Member Secondary Member
ROOF
STRUCTURE 11
ISOMETRIC 12
Public Entry Fire Fighter Entry Egress Emergency Circulation
CIRCULATION 13
Zone 01 (cont. exhaust) Zone 02 (low pressure) Zone 03 (high pressure) Zone 04 (neutral)
AIR PRESSURE 14
zone 2 zone 3
Floor 02
zone 1
zone 3
zone B
zone A Floor 01
Compressors / Exhaust Fans zone 2
zone 1
Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Exhaust Systems
AIR CONDITIONING + EXHAUST
HVAC 15
SECTION B - APPARATUS BAY
SECTIONS 16
SECTION A
SECTION 17
SECTION A
SECTION 18
SECTION C - COURTYARD
SECTION 19
20
SECTION D
SECTION 21
Total Building Height 36’- 8”
Corten Steel
Floor 2 Ceiling 28’ -0”
Perforated Corten Steel
Floor 2 18’- 4”
Floor 1 Roof 14’- 8”
Floor 1 Ceiling Patinated Steel
11’- 0”
Tinted Concrete
SECTION D DETAIL
SECTION 22
Corten Steel Panels
Rigid Insulation + Water Proofing
Rainscreen Structure
Perforated Corten Steel Panels
Hydraulic Panel Lift
Dorm Window Constant Shade
Metal Studs + Batt Insulation
Daylight + Shading Cement board
OPERABLE RAINSCREEN + WINDOW
ENVELOPE 23
Metal Studs
Rainscreen Structure
Cement Board
Batt Insulation
Stucco
Rigid Insulation + Waterproofing
Corten Steel Panels
RAINSCREEN WITHOUT WINDOW
ENVELOPE 24
This portion of the document will detail the program requirements of fire station 62. Efficiency drives the fundamental planning of a fire station as well as the many complex adjacencies required for it to function properly. Preliminary explorations with scale and layout begin to be explored in Appendix A.
25
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
APPENDIX A 26
NECESSARY PROGRAM STATION APPARATUS BAY
DAY ROOM - 400 SQ FT
APPARATUS BAY - 1332 SQ FT (4)
STATION SLEEPING QUARTERS
CAPTAIN’S DORMITORY - 140 SQ FT
KITCHEN - 248 SQ FT
MEZZANINE STORAGE - 1020 SQ FT
DORMITORIES - 100 SQ FT (13)
PANTRY - 8 SQ FT (5)
TURNOUT STORAGE - 295 SQ FT
MEN’S BATHROOM - 80 SQ FT (2)
DINING - 272 SQ FT
IDC CLOSET - 114 SQ FT
WOMENS BATHROOM - 80 SQ FT (2)
CAPTAIN’S OFFICE - 145 SQ FT
ELECTRICAL - 40 SQ FT
STORAGE - 25 SQ FT
WATCH ROOM - 145 SQ FT
EXTERIOR GENERATOR - 250 SQ FT
PUBLIC ENTRY/LOBBY - 400 SQ FT
SCBA BOTTLE/ HOSE STORAGE - 396 SQ FT
PUBLIC RESTROOM - 64 SQ FT
DECON. SINK/EYE WASH - 36 SQ FT
TRAINING ROOM - 1000 SQ FT
EXTERIOR STORAGE - 1332 SQ FT
ELECTRICAL - 25 SQ FT
EMS STORAGE CLOSET - 80 SQ FT
COMMUNICATION ROOM - 100 SQ FT LAUNDRY/STORAGE - 144 SQ FT GYM - 750 SQ FT STUDY - 220 SQ FT COVERED OUTDOOR PATIO - 375 SQ FT ALTERNATE RESPONSE - 144 SQ FT JANITORS CLOSET - 30 SQ FT
27
STATION LIVING QUARTERS
GENERAL PROGRAM LAYOUT CORE + OPERATIONS ADMINISTRATIVE
DRIVE-THROUGH BAY FOR RETURNING APPARATUS
CREW AREAS TRAINING CIRCULATION
STAFF ENTRY
DORM AREAS TURNOUT SPACE
SUPPORT + MAINTENANCE APPARATUS BAYS
TRAINING
BEANERY
STATION OFFICES ADMINISTRATION
PRIVATE PUBLIC LOBBY
PUBLIC ENTRY APPARATUS LEAVING STATION
28
CORE + OPERATIONS FUNCTIONS SECURE EXTERIOR ACCESS
ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES
COMPRESSOR ACOUSTIC SEPARATION EMS STORAGE
BATTERY CHARGING (ENGINE CREW)
MAINTENANCE WORK AREA
2ND REPORT DESK DISPATCH
DECONTAMINATION ROOM
HAND WASHING
BATTERY CHARGING (LADDER CREW)
BATTALION
MEDIC / AID
ENGINE
HOSE DRYING
EQUIPMENT STORAGE (LADDER CREW)
BUNKER GEAR STORAGE
NON-GENDER RESTROOM
BUNKER GEAR CLEANING ROOM
DRILLING PLATFORM
29
SCBA AIR FILL
LADDER
EQUIPMENT STORAGE (ENGINE CREW)
BC STORAGE
EXTERIOR ACCESS
ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES ACCESS TO APPARATUS BAY
OFFICER’S QUARTERS
GENERAL OFFICE SUPPORT BC QUARTERS
ACCESS TO CREW AREAS
STATION OFFICE
BC OFFICE
JANITOR
NON-GENDER RESTROOM
PUBLIC LOBBY
SECURE PUBLIC ACCESS
TRAINING
30
CREW AREA FUNCTIONS ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES
OUTDOOR BEANERY BUNK ROOM
BUNK ROOM
BUNK ROOM
BUNK ROOM
LOCKER ALCOVE
LOCKER ALCOVE
LOCKER ALCOVE
LOCKER ALCOVE
BEANERY (KITCHEN + DINING) LAUNDRY
TOILET + SHOWER
TOILET + SHOWER
SECURE OUTSIDE ACCESS REQUIRED
JANITOR DAY ROOM
*
LOCATE PHYSICAL TRAINING AWAY FROM SLEEPING AREAS PHYSICAL TRAINING
SECURE OUTSIDE ACCESS DESIRABLE
31
2ND REPORT DESK DISPATCH COUNTER
APPARATUS BAY
ACTIVITIES SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES
EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES
ON CALL
FIREFIGHTERS GENERALLY WORK IN LONG SHIFTS AND ARE ON CALL DURING THEIR ENTIRE SHIFT AT THE FIRE STATION. THE MOST COMMON SHIFT IS 24 HOURS ON AND 48 HOURS OFF.
TURNOUT
WHEN THE FIRE STATION RECEIVES AN EMERGENCY CALL, THE FIREFIGHTERS MUST TO THE SCENE AS FAST AS POSSIBLE. THE GENERAL RULE IS A 4 MINUTE RESPONSE TIME DUE IN PART TO TEND TO PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC ISSUES FAST ENOUGH TO PRESERVE BRAIN FUNCTION. A LARGE FACTOR IN RESPONSE TIME DEPENDS ON THE FIREFIGHTERS GETTING IN GEAR QUICKLY.
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
THERE ARE MANY VEHICLES AND ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT INVOLVED IN A FIREFIGHTERS JOB. THEY MUST KEEP THIS EQUIPMENT WELL MAINTAINED AS THEY ARE RELIED ON TO RESOLVE EMERGENCIES.
COMMUNITY OUTREACH
FIRE STATIONS ARE OFTEN IMPORTANT PARTS OF NEIGHBORHOODS AND COMMUNITIES, PARTICIPATING IN PARADES AND HOSTING EVENT TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ABOUT FIRE SAFETY AND THE COMPLEX JOB OF A FIREFIGHTER.
GENERAL PROGRAM LAYOUT
32
ACTIVITIES SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES
TRAINING
DUE TO THE EVER CHANGING NATURE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, MODERN MEDICINE AND OTHER FACTORS FIRE FIGHTER MUST STAY TRAINED ON THE COMPLEXITIES OF THEIR JOBS. MANY FIRE STATIONS CONTAIN COMPUTER ROOMS IN ORDER TO TRAIN AND TEST EMPLOYEES.
GENERAL PROGRAM LAYOUT
33
INFORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES
SLEEP
MOST FIREFIGHTERS WORK 2-3 TWENTY-FOUR HOUR SHIFTS PER WEEK. BECAUSE THE DURATION OF A TYPICAL SHIFT IS SO LONG MANY OF THE FIREFIGHTERS SLEEP AT THE FIRE STATION UNTIL THEY RECEIVE A CALL. EACH WORKER HAS HIS OR HER OWN BUNK ROOM WHERE THEY CAN SLEEP PRIVATELY.
COOKING AND EATING
MOST FIRE STATIONS ARE EQUIPPED WITH KITCHENS SO THE FIREFIGHTERS CAN PREPARE MEALS DURING THEIR LONG SHIFTS. BECAUSE MOST FIRE STATIONS HAVE THREE ROTATING CREWS, THE KITCHENS OFTEN HAVE 3 DIFFERENT REFRIGERATORS AND PANTRIES.
EXERCISE
BEING A FIRE FIGHTER REQUIRES ONE TO BE IN PRIME PHYSICAL HEALTH IN ORDER TO PREFORM WELL IN PHYSICALLY STRENUOUS SITUATIONS. TO ACCOMMODATE THIS MANY FIRE STATIONS HAVE A GYM OR TRAINING FACILITY FOR THEIR EMPLOYEES.
EARLY PROGRAMMATIC PLAN SMALL SATELLITE STATION
AGENT STORAGE
OUTDOOR AREA
DAY ROOM
3 4
DORM 2
GYM
APPARATUS BAY ADMIN
5
1
1. STATION OFFICER 2. LAUNDRY 3. TOILET + SHOWER 4. COMPUTER TESTING/TRAINING 5. APPARATUS BAY SUPPORT
34
EARLY PROGRAMMATIC PLAN MAIN STATION AGENT STORAGE
OUTDOOR AREA
DAY ROOM
GYM
DORM
APPARATUS BAY SUPPORT
4 5
APPARATUS BAY
6
7
8
3 TRAINING 2
1. STATION OFFICER 2. LOBBY 3. LAUNDRY 4. TOILET + SHOWER 5. COMPUTER TESTING/TRAINING 6. TRAINING OFFICER OFFICE 7. ADMINISTRATION 8. EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER
35
1
VEHICLE MAINT. BAY VEHICLE MAINT. SUPPORT
EARLY PROGRAMMATIC PLAN LARGE HEADQUARTERS STATION
VEHICLE MAINT. BAY
APPARATUS BAY 3
GYM
VEHICLE MAINT. SUPPORT
4 TRAINING
7
2
DORM
5 DAY ROOM AGENT STORAGE
6
APPARATUS BAY
APPARATUS BAY SUPPORT
STORAGE
1
ADMIN.
1. LOBBY 2. TRAINING OFFICER OFFICE 3. STATION WATCH DESK 4. COMPUTER TESTING/TRAINING TOILET + SHOWER 6. LAUNDRY 7. EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER
36
Ensemble Bloemershof, a fire station located in the town of Dieren, Netherlands, is a particularly interesting project because of its integration of other programmatic elements on site with a fire station. The site contains a school, gym, and a housing development (not constructed) as well as the fire station. The project creates a strong connection with the nature reserve to the southwest with a large shared green space. An important exploration takes place in defining the role a fire station can play in a sort of micro neighborhood taking place on site.
37
CASE STUDY
APPENDIX B 38
ENSEMBLE BLOEMERSHOF BEKKERING ADAMS ARCHITECTS
39
VELUWE NATURE RESERVE
SITE TOWN OF DIEREN
RIVER FARMLAND
40
SITE PLAN + CONCEPT CONNECTS URBAN ENVIRONMENT WITH NATURE RESERVE THROUGH SERIES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GREEN SPACES FIREFIGHTER ACCESS
GYM + RESIDENT ACCESS
EMERGENCY VEHICLE ENTRANCE + EGRESS
CONCRETE COLUMNS SEPARATED BY GLASS SUPPORT SOLID SECOND FLOOR CLAD WITH WOODEN SLATS CREATING A “FROZEN FOREST”
PUBLIC PROGRAM FUNCTIONS SIT AT SITE ENTRANCE ALONG WITH PUBLIC GREEN SPACES TO FUNNEL OCCUPANTS THROUGH SITE
STUDENT + RESIDENT ACCESS
5 15 30
41
60
PRIVATE HOUSING ELEMENTS SIT AT REAR OF THE SITE ALONG WITH PRIVATE GARDENS (UNBUILT)
SITE PLAN
42
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1. OFFICES + ADMINISTRATION 2. APPARATUS BAYS 3. CIRCULATION
SCHOOL
GYM
1
3
BATH
LOBBY
TURNOUT ROOM
STATION OFFICER 2
5
43
15
30
60
SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1. OFFICES + ADMINISTRATION 2. APPARATUS BAYS 3. CIRCULATION 4. COMMON AREAS
SCHOOL
GYM
KITCHEN
4
3
MEETING ROOM
5
15
30
60
44
PROGRAM LAYOUT
MEETING + KITCHEN
PROGRAM LAYOUT
APPARATUS BAY
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
GYM
CIRCULATION
OFFICES
TURNOUT ROOM LOCKER/BATH
NORTH-EAST BUILDING MASS
45
PROGRAM AREA / RESPONSE TIME
MAXIMUM RESPONSE DISTANCE: 150 FT
B
APPARATUS
L1: 4000 ft2
COMMONS
L1: 600 ft2
L2: 700 ft2
Total: 1300 ft2
SUPPORT
L1: 900 ft2
L2: 375 ft2
Total: 1275 ft2
CIRCULATION
L1: 325 ft2
L2: 250 ft2
Total: 575 ft2
GYM
L1: 4800 ft2
L2: 950 ft2
Total: 5750 ft2
A BUILDING A TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE: 12900 ft2 SCHOOL-BUILDING B TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE: 17500 ft2 HOUSING TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE: 35000 ft2 TOTAL PROJECT SQUARE FOOTAGE: 65400 ft2 TOTAL LOT ACREAGE: 4 46
SCHOOL LOBBY
47
APPARATUS BAY
GYM
PERGOLA WALKWAY
APPARATUS BAYS
48
ELEVATION ANALYSIS
PLATOWOOD CLADDING
STUDENT ENTRANCE
49
INTERIOR MULLION WINDOWS
CLASSROOMS
PUBLIC ENTRANCE
WHITE CONCRETE COLUMNS
NATURAL STONE CLADDING
TRANSITIONAL PERGOLA
GYM
ALUMINUM / GLASS GARAGE DOOR
APPARATUS BAYS
FIRE STATION ENTRY
ADMIN
50
SECTION ANALYSIS
DROP CEILING CONCEALING STEEL BEAMS AND DECKING
SUSPENDED LIGHTING
EXPOSED CONCRETE COLUMNS
51
HVAC SYSTEM
SOLID UPPER LEVEL
CONCEPTUAL DAYLIGHTING LEVEL 2 STANDARD WINDOW
LEVEL 1 GLAZING + COLUMNS
STANDARD WINDOWS PLACED SPARINGLY ALLOW LIGHT TO ENTER THE SOLID “TREE CANOPY” SECOND LEVEL
CONCRETE COLUMNS SEPARATED BY GLAZING MIMIC TREES AND SUPPORT SECOND FLOOR ALLOWING LARGE AMOUNT OF LIGHT TO ENTER GROUND FLOOR
52
Iteration 01 of Fire Station 62 is an first attempt at a fire station design for this site. The concept of blending into the earth while creating an object of the sky that exists above the desert floor was in the process of being developed through this iteration. The planning of the apparatus bay as well as most of the fire station living and sleeping quarters was also significantly developed in this iteration and moved forward into the further developments.
53
ITERATION 01
APPENDIX C 54
SITE
Trail Head + Parking
Chandler Blvd.
5’ 15’
55
45’
75’
P 8 O
M
3 N
L
7
Q
K 4
J
6
R
5
3
I E
S
1 B
A
F G
B
C
2
1
H
D
5’ 15’
45’
75’
Ground Floor Plan A. Apparatus Bay B. Exterior Storage C. Turnout + Laundry D. Decontamination Gym E. SCBA Storage F. Vehicle Maintenance G. EMS Storage H. Electrical I. Study J. Alt. Response K. Watch Room
Second Floor Plan L. Captains Office M. Electrical N. Janitor O. IDC Closet P. Comm. Room Q. Training R. Gym S. MECH.
1. Mezzanine Storage 2. Laundry 3. Dorms 4. Captains Dorm 5. Storage 6. Kitchen + Dining 7. Day Room 8. Outdoor Patio
56
Pressure Zones
57
Circulation Paths
Zone 01 (exhaust)
Public Entry
Zone 02 (low pressure)
Employee Entry
Zone 03 (high pressure)
Egress
Zone 04 (neutral)
Emergency Circulation
Ground Level
Second Floor
Column Grid 5’ 15’
45’
75’
Apparatus Bay - 23’ x 50’ Bay - Column : W8x8 - Beam : W16x31 - Truss : 28” deep Admin + Living - 20’ x 24’ Bay - Column : W6x6 - Beam : W16x31
58
Section Perspective
59
Shade Structure
Corten Steel Cladding
Rammed Earth
60
GLAZING AND SHADING
A series of three iterative models led to the current scheme presented in this analysis. Glazing was placed to minimize solar gain from direct southern exposures while maximizing daylighting. All south facing glazing is shaded while north glazing is only partly shaded
North glazing
Shading
South glazing
61
SECTION THROUGH LIVING + ADMIN
summer solstice South Site Boundary winter solstice
north light enters light well minimizing solar gain
North site boundary
Street level
62
SECTION THROUGH APPARATUS BAY
South site boundary
south sun enters partially glazed bay doors
Street level
63
North site boundary
apparatus bay
north sun enters fully glazed bay doors
ENERGY USE In an attempt to minimize energy use from solar gain (see following page) shading was used on all south facing glass. The cantilevers of the building also introduce shade to the walls and windows of the lower level. This minimizes solar gain and increases energy efficiency.
64
GAINS AND LOSSES
FLOOR 2 HEATING On floor 1 solar gain was minimized by cantilevering floor 2 over the south side. This provided ideal shading to the southern glazing on floor 1. On floor 2 south facing windows were minimized orienting dorm windows east when possible. Previous south facing glazing was removed.
FLOOR 2 COOLING
FLOOR 1 HEATING
FLOOR 1 COOLING
65
DAYLIGHTING
FLOOR 2
To improve daylighting without adding glazing was a simple adjustment. Because the floor 2 cantilevers over floor 1 the high ribbon window was being over shaded. I moved the window down 2.5’ and the lighting improved. On floor 2 large shaded north and east facing glazing exists to allow maximum light in while minimizing solar gain.
FLOOR 1 DAYLIGHTING % OF FLOOR AREA (annual) Underlit - 6 Well Lit - 60 Overlit - 34
FLOOR 1 + 2
0
19
37
56
74+
FOOTCANDLE LEVELS 66
THANK YOU!