Fire Station 62 - Nathan McNeilly

FIRE STATION 62 AHWATUKEE, ARIZONA NATHAN MCNEILLY

Fire Station 62 is located on an undisturbed site at the base of South Mountain in Ahwatukee Arizona.

The site is adjacent to a trail head and will soon be mostly surrounded by suburban development. The duality between desert mountain and suburban fabric greatly informed the material, program, and orientation of the project. With the objective of blending into the earth all the elements that touch the ground are made of an earth tone tinted concrete while all secondary elements of the sky, float above.

A multi-use community center was added to the program to bring community members on site with the firefighters. The cant, seen in plan, was done to orient the views of firefighter living spaces to that of the mountain to provide a moment of tranquility when not in an emergency. A rooftop deck furthers this gesture providing a place to rest outside just above the desert floor.

FIRE STATION 62 01 - 24 APPENDIX A - PROGRAM ANALYSIS 25 - 37 APPENDIX B - CASE STUDY 38 - 53 APPENDIX C - ITERATION 01 54 - 66

PHOENIX

TEMPE

SOUTH MOUNTAIN

SITE

PYRAMID TRAIL

W. CHANDLER BLVD

SOUTH MOUNTAIN

AHWATUKEE

WASH

LOOP 202

SITE INFO 1

Program

Rotate for Truck Access

Entry + Exit Surfaces

Subtractions + Materials

Apparatus Bay

Pedestrian Entry +Exit

Corten Steel (sky)

Admin + Support

Fire Truck Exit

Patinated Steel (middle)

Community Center

Tinted Concrete (ground)

Living Quarters

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

MASSING 2

SITE

Pyramid Trailhead Parkin Lot

r Blvd.

W Chandle

SITE PLAN 3

North Site Boundary

South Site Boundary

North Street Edge

South Street Edge

SECTION Mountain Summit

Street Level

SITE 4

Fire Station A. Apparatus Bay B. Exterior Storage C. Turnout Room D. Decon. Gym E. Electrical F. EMS Storage G. Vehicle Maintenance H. SCBA Storage I. Captains Office

J. Janitor K. MECH L. Electrical M. IDC Closet N. Telecom. Room O. Comm. Room P. Alternate Response Q. Watch Room R. Lobby

Community Center 1. Gym 2. Group Fitness 3. Conference Room 4. Computer Lab 5. Classroom 6. Storage + MECH

GROUND FLOOR

PLAN 5

Fire Station 1. Mezzanine Storage 2. Outdoor Patio 3. Day Room 4. Dining 5. Kitchen 6. Laundry 7. Captains Dorm 8. Dorms 9. Storage 10. Deck

SECOND FLOOR

PLAN 6

Tinted Concrete

Corten Steel

Patinated Steel

SOUTH

ELEVATION 7

8

Apparatus Bay

Other Buildings

Joist: 30k10 Girder: W21x57 Column: HSS 8x8x3/16

Beam: W10x17 Girder: W12x26 Column: HSS 5x5x5/16

Primary Member Secondary Member

FIRST FLOOR

STRUCTURE 9

Apparatus Bay

Other Buildings

Joist: 30k10 Girder: W21x57 Column: HSS 8x8x3/16

Transfer Beam: W16x36 Beam: W10x17 Girder: W12x26 Column: HSS 5x5x5/16

Primary Member Secondary Member

SECOND FLOOR

STRUCTURE 10

Apparatus Bay

Other Buildings

Joist: 30k10 Girder: W21x57 Column: HSS 8x8x3/16

Beam: W10x17 Girder: W12x26 Column: HSS 5x5x5/16

Primary Member Secondary Member

ROOF

STRUCTURE 11

ISOMETRIC 12

Public Entry Fire Fighter Entry Egress Emergency Circulation

CIRCULATION 13

Zone 01 (cont. exhaust) Zone 02 (low pressure) Zone 03 (high pressure) Zone 04 (neutral)

AIR PRESSURE 14

zone 2 zone 3

Floor 02

zone 1

zone 3

zone B

zone A Floor 01

Compressors / Exhaust Fans zone 2

zone 1

Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Exhaust Systems

AIR CONDITIONING + EXHAUST

HVAC 15

SECTION B - APPARATUS BAY

SECTIONS 16

SECTION A

SECTION 17

SECTION A

SECTION 18

SECTION C - COURTYARD

SECTION 19

20

SECTION D

SECTION 21

Total Building Height 36’- 8”

Corten Steel

Floor 2 Ceiling 28’ -0”

Perforated Corten Steel

Floor 2 18’- 4”

Floor 1 Roof 14’- 8”

Floor 1 Ceiling Patinated Steel

11’- 0”

Tinted Concrete

SECTION D DETAIL

SECTION 22

Corten Steel Panels

Rigid Insulation + Water Proofing

Rainscreen Structure

Perforated Corten Steel Panels

Hydraulic Panel Lift

Dorm Window Constant Shade

Metal Studs + Batt Insulation

Daylight + Shading Cement board

OPERABLE RAINSCREEN + WINDOW

ENVELOPE 23

Metal Studs

Rainscreen Structure

Cement Board

Batt Insulation

Stucco

Rigid Insulation + Waterproofing

Corten Steel Panels

RAINSCREEN WITHOUT WINDOW

ENVELOPE 24

This portion of the document will detail the program requirements of fire station 62. Efficiency drives the fundamental planning of a fire station as well as the many complex adjacencies required for it to function properly. Preliminary explorations with scale and layout begin to be explored in Appendix A.

25

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

APPENDIX A 26

NECESSARY PROGRAM STATION APPARATUS BAY

DAY ROOM - 400 SQ FT

APPARATUS BAY - 1332 SQ FT (4)

STATION SLEEPING QUARTERS

CAPTAIN’S DORMITORY - 140 SQ FT

KITCHEN - 248 SQ FT

MEZZANINE STORAGE - 1020 SQ FT

DORMITORIES - 100 SQ FT (13)

PANTRY - 8 SQ FT (5)

TURNOUT STORAGE - 295 SQ FT

MEN’S BATHROOM - 80 SQ FT (2)

DINING - 272 SQ FT

IDC CLOSET - 114 SQ FT

WOMENS BATHROOM - 80 SQ FT (2)

CAPTAIN’S OFFICE - 145 SQ FT

ELECTRICAL - 40 SQ FT

STORAGE - 25 SQ FT

WATCH ROOM - 145 SQ FT

EXTERIOR GENERATOR - 250 SQ FT

PUBLIC ENTRY/LOBBY - 400 SQ FT

SCBA BOTTLE/ HOSE STORAGE - 396 SQ FT

PUBLIC RESTROOM - 64 SQ FT

DECON. SINK/EYE WASH - 36 SQ FT

TRAINING ROOM - 1000 SQ FT

EXTERIOR STORAGE - 1332 SQ FT

ELECTRICAL - 25 SQ FT

EMS STORAGE CLOSET - 80 SQ FT

COMMUNICATION ROOM - 100 SQ FT LAUNDRY/STORAGE - 144 SQ FT GYM - 750 SQ FT STUDY - 220 SQ FT COVERED OUTDOOR PATIO - 375 SQ FT ALTERNATE RESPONSE - 144 SQ FT JANITORS CLOSET - 30 SQ FT

27

STATION LIVING QUARTERS

GENERAL PROGRAM LAYOUT CORE + OPERATIONS ADMINISTRATIVE

DRIVE-THROUGH BAY FOR RETURNING APPARATUS

CREW AREAS TRAINING CIRCULATION

STAFF ENTRY

DORM AREAS TURNOUT SPACE

SUPPORT + MAINTENANCE APPARATUS BAYS

TRAINING

BEANERY

STATION OFFICES ADMINISTRATION

PRIVATE PUBLIC LOBBY

PUBLIC ENTRY APPARATUS LEAVING STATION

28

CORE + OPERATIONS FUNCTIONS SECURE EXTERIOR ACCESS

ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES

COMPRESSOR ACOUSTIC SEPARATION EMS STORAGE

BATTERY CHARGING (ENGINE CREW)

MAINTENANCE WORK AREA

2ND REPORT DESK DISPATCH

DECONTAMINATION ROOM

HAND WASHING

BATTERY CHARGING (LADDER CREW)

BATTALION

MEDIC / AID

ENGINE

HOSE DRYING

EQUIPMENT STORAGE (LADDER CREW)

BUNKER GEAR STORAGE

NON-GENDER RESTROOM

BUNKER GEAR CLEANING ROOM

DRILLING PLATFORM

29

SCBA AIR FILL

LADDER

EQUIPMENT STORAGE (ENGINE CREW)

BC STORAGE

EXTERIOR ACCESS

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES ACCESS TO APPARATUS BAY

OFFICER’S QUARTERS

GENERAL OFFICE SUPPORT BC QUARTERS

ACCESS TO CREW AREAS

STATION OFFICE

BC OFFICE

JANITOR

NON-GENDER RESTROOM

PUBLIC LOBBY

SECURE PUBLIC ACCESS

TRAINING

30

CREW AREA FUNCTIONS ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES

OUTDOOR BEANERY BUNK ROOM

BUNK ROOM

BUNK ROOM

BUNK ROOM

LOCKER ALCOVE

LOCKER ALCOVE

LOCKER ALCOVE

LOCKER ALCOVE

BEANERY (KITCHEN + DINING) LAUNDRY

TOILET + SHOWER

TOILET + SHOWER

SECURE OUTSIDE ACCESS REQUIRED

JANITOR DAY ROOM

*

LOCATE PHYSICAL TRAINING AWAY FROM SLEEPING AREAS PHYSICAL TRAINING

SECURE OUTSIDE ACCESS DESIRABLE

31

2ND REPORT DESK DISPATCH COUNTER

APPARATUS BAY

ACTIVITIES SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES

EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES

ON CALL

FIREFIGHTERS GENERALLY WORK IN LONG SHIFTS AND ARE ON CALL DURING THEIR ENTIRE SHIFT AT THE FIRE STATION. THE MOST COMMON SHIFT IS 24 HOURS ON AND 48 HOURS OFF.

TURNOUT

WHEN THE FIRE STATION RECEIVES AN EMERGENCY CALL, THE FIREFIGHTERS MUST TO THE SCENE AS FAST AS POSSIBLE. THE GENERAL RULE IS A 4 MINUTE RESPONSE TIME DUE IN PART TO TEND TO PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC ISSUES FAST ENOUGH TO PRESERVE BRAIN FUNCTION. A LARGE FACTOR IN RESPONSE TIME DEPENDS ON THE FIREFIGHTERS GETTING IN GEAR QUICKLY.

VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

THERE ARE MANY VEHICLES AND ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT INVOLVED IN A FIREFIGHTERS JOB. THEY MUST KEEP THIS EQUIPMENT WELL MAINTAINED AS THEY ARE RELIED ON TO RESOLVE EMERGENCIES.

COMMUNITY OUTREACH

FIRE STATIONS ARE OFTEN IMPORTANT PARTS OF NEIGHBORHOODS AND COMMUNITIES, PARTICIPATING IN PARADES AND HOSTING EVENT TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ABOUT FIRE SAFETY AND THE COMPLEX JOB OF A FIREFIGHTER.

GENERAL PROGRAM LAYOUT

32

ACTIVITIES SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES

TRAINING

DUE TO THE EVER CHANGING NATURE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, MODERN MEDICINE AND OTHER FACTORS FIRE FIGHTER MUST STAY TRAINED ON THE COMPLEXITIES OF THEIR JOBS. MANY FIRE STATIONS CONTAIN COMPUTER ROOMS IN ORDER TO TRAIN AND TEST EMPLOYEES.

GENERAL PROGRAM LAYOUT

33

INFORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES

SLEEP

MOST FIREFIGHTERS WORK 2-3 TWENTY-FOUR HOUR SHIFTS PER WEEK. BECAUSE THE DURATION OF A TYPICAL SHIFT IS SO LONG MANY OF THE FIREFIGHTERS SLEEP AT THE FIRE STATION UNTIL THEY RECEIVE A CALL. EACH WORKER HAS HIS OR HER OWN BUNK ROOM WHERE THEY CAN SLEEP PRIVATELY.

COOKING AND EATING

MOST FIRE STATIONS ARE EQUIPPED WITH KITCHENS SO THE FIREFIGHTERS CAN PREPARE MEALS DURING THEIR LONG SHIFTS. BECAUSE MOST FIRE STATIONS HAVE THREE ROTATING CREWS, THE KITCHENS OFTEN HAVE 3 DIFFERENT REFRIGERATORS AND PANTRIES.

EXERCISE

BEING A FIRE FIGHTER REQUIRES ONE TO BE IN PRIME PHYSICAL HEALTH IN ORDER TO PREFORM WELL IN PHYSICALLY STRENUOUS SITUATIONS. TO ACCOMMODATE THIS MANY FIRE STATIONS HAVE A GYM OR TRAINING FACILITY FOR THEIR EMPLOYEES.

EARLY PROGRAMMATIC PLAN SMALL SATELLITE STATION

AGENT STORAGE

OUTDOOR AREA

DAY ROOM

3 4

DORM 2

GYM

APPARATUS BAY ADMIN

5

1

1. STATION OFFICER 2. LAUNDRY 3. TOILET + SHOWER 4. COMPUTER TESTING/TRAINING 5. APPARATUS BAY SUPPORT

34

EARLY PROGRAMMATIC PLAN MAIN STATION AGENT STORAGE

OUTDOOR AREA

DAY ROOM

GYM

DORM

APPARATUS BAY SUPPORT

4 5

APPARATUS BAY

6

7

8

3 TRAINING 2

1. STATION OFFICER 2. LOBBY 3. LAUNDRY 4. TOILET + SHOWER 5. COMPUTER TESTING/TRAINING 6. TRAINING OFFICER OFFICE 7. ADMINISTRATION 8. EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER

35

1

VEHICLE MAINT. BAY VEHICLE MAINT. SUPPORT

EARLY PROGRAMMATIC PLAN LARGE HEADQUARTERS STATION

VEHICLE MAINT. BAY

APPARATUS BAY 3

GYM

VEHICLE MAINT. SUPPORT

4 TRAINING

7

2

DORM

5 DAY ROOM AGENT STORAGE

6

APPARATUS BAY

APPARATUS BAY SUPPORT

STORAGE

1

ADMIN.

1. LOBBY 2. TRAINING OFFICER OFFICE 3. STATION WATCH DESK 4. COMPUTER TESTING/TRAINING TOILET + SHOWER 6. LAUNDRY 7. EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER

36

Ensemble Bloemershof, a fire station located in the town of Dieren, Netherlands, is a particularly interesting project because of its integration of other programmatic elements on site with a fire station. The site contains a school, gym, and a housing development (not constructed) as well as the fire station. The project creates a strong connection with the nature reserve to the southwest with a large shared green space. An important exploration takes place in defining the role a fire station can play in a sort of micro neighborhood taking place on site.

37

CASE STUDY

APPENDIX B 38

ENSEMBLE BLOEMERSHOF BEKKERING ADAMS ARCHITECTS

39

VELUWE NATURE RESERVE

SITE TOWN OF DIEREN

RIVER FARMLAND

40

SITE PLAN + CONCEPT CONNECTS URBAN ENVIRONMENT WITH NATURE RESERVE THROUGH SERIES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GREEN SPACES FIREFIGHTER ACCESS

GYM + RESIDENT ACCESS

EMERGENCY VEHICLE ENTRANCE + EGRESS

CONCRETE COLUMNS SEPARATED

BY GLASS SUPPORT SOLID SECOND FLOOR CLAD WITH WOODEN SLATS CREATING A “FROZEN FOREST”

PUBLIC PROGRAM FUNCTIONS SIT AT SITE ENTRANCE ALONG WITH PUBLIC GREEN SPACES TO FUNNEL OCCUPANTS THROUGH SITE

STUDENT + RESIDENT ACCESS

5 15 30

41

60

PRIVATE HOUSING ELEMENTS SIT AT REAR OF THE SITE ALONG WITH PRIVATE GARDENS (UNBUILT)

SITE PLAN

42

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1. OFFICES + ADMINISTRATION 2. APPARATUS BAYS 3. CIRCULATION

SCHOOL

GYM

1

3

BATH

LOBBY

TURNOUT ROOM

STATION OFFICER 2

5

43

15

30

60

SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1. OFFICES + ADMINISTRATION 2. APPARATUS BAYS 3. CIRCULATION 4. COMMON AREAS

SCHOOL

GYM

KITCHEN

4

3

MEETING ROOM

5

15

30

60

44

PROGRAM LAYOUT

MEETING + KITCHEN

PROGRAM LAYOUT

APPARATUS BAY

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

GYM

CIRCULATION

OFFICES

TURNOUT ROOM LOCKER/BATH

NORTH-EAST BUILDING MASS

45

PROGRAM AREA / RESPONSE TIME

MAXIMUM RESPONSE DISTANCE: 150 FT

B

APPARATUS

L1: 4000 ft2

COMMONS

L1: 600 ft2

L2: 700 ft2

Total: 1300 ft2

SUPPORT

L1: 900 ft2

L2: 375 ft2

Total: 1275 ft2

CIRCULATION

L1: 325 ft2

L2: 250 ft2

Total: 575 ft2

GYM

L1: 4800 ft2

L2: 950 ft2

Total: 5750 ft2

A BUILDING A TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE: 12900 ft2 SCHOOL-BUILDING B TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE: 17500 ft2 HOUSING TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE: 35000 ft2 TOTAL PROJECT SQUARE FOOTAGE: 65400 ft2 TOTAL LOT ACREAGE: 4 46

SCHOOL LOBBY

47

APPARATUS BAY

GYM

PERGOLA WALKWAY

APPARATUS BAYS

48

ELEVATION ANALYSIS

PLATOWOOD CLADDING

STUDENT ENTRANCE

49

INTERIOR MULLION WINDOWS

CLASSROOMS

PUBLIC ENTRANCE

WHITE CONCRETE COLUMNS

NATURAL STONE CLADDING

TRANSITIONAL PERGOLA

GYM

ALUMINUM / GLASS GARAGE DOOR

APPARATUS BAYS

FIRE STATION ENTRY

ADMIN

50

SECTION ANALYSIS

DROP CEILING CONCEALING STEEL BEAMS AND DECKING

SUSPENDED LIGHTING

EXPOSED CONCRETE COLUMNS

51

HVAC SYSTEM

SOLID UPPER LEVEL

CONCEPTUAL DAYLIGHTING LEVEL 2 STANDARD WINDOW

LEVEL 1 GLAZING + COLUMNS

STANDARD WINDOWS PLACED SPARINGLY ALLOW LIGHT TO ENTER THE SOLID “TREE CANOPY” SECOND LEVEL

CONCRETE COLUMNS SEPARATED

BY GLAZING MIMIC TREES AND SUPPORT SECOND FLOOR ALLOWING LARGE AMOUNT OF LIGHT TO ENTER GROUND FLOOR

52

Iteration 01 of Fire Station 62 is an first attempt at a fire station design for this site. The concept of blending into the earth while creating an object of the sky that exists above the desert floor was in the process of being developed through this iteration. The planning of the apparatus bay as well as most of the fire station living and sleeping quarters was also significantly developed in this iteration and moved forward into the further developments.

53

ITERATION 01

APPENDIX C 54

SITE

Trail Head + Parking

Chandler Blvd.

5’ 15’

55

45’

75’

P 8 O

M

3 N

L

7

Q

K 4

J

6

R

5

3

I E

S

1 B

A

F G

B

C

2

1

H

D

5’ 15’

45’

75’

Ground Floor Plan A. Apparatus Bay B. Exterior Storage C. Turnout + Laundry D. Decontamination Gym E. SCBA Storage F. Vehicle Maintenance G. EMS Storage H. Electrical I. Study J. Alt. Response K. Watch Room

Second Floor Plan L. Captains Office M. Electrical N. Janitor O. IDC Closet P. Comm. Room Q. Training R. Gym S. MECH.

1. Mezzanine Storage 2. Laundry 3. Dorms 4. Captains Dorm 5. Storage 6. Kitchen + Dining 7. Day Room 8. Outdoor Patio

56

Pressure Zones

57

Circulation Paths

Zone 01 (exhaust)

Public Entry

Zone 02 (low pressure)

Employee Entry

Zone 03 (high pressure)

Egress

Zone 04 (neutral)

Emergency Circulation

Ground Level

Second Floor

Column Grid 5’ 15’

45’

75’

Apparatus Bay - 23’ x 50’ Bay - Column : W8x8 - Beam : W16x31 - Truss : 28” deep Admin + Living - 20’ x 24’ Bay - Column : W6x6 - Beam : W16x31

58

Section Perspective

59

Shade Structure

Corten Steel Cladding

Rammed Earth

60

GLAZING AND SHADING

A series of three iterative models led to the current scheme presented in this analysis. Glazing was placed to minimize solar gain from direct southern exposures while maximizing daylighting.

All south facing glazing is shaded while north glazing is only partly shaded

North glazing

Shading

South glazing

61

SECTION THROUGH LIVING + ADMIN

summer solstice South Site Boundary winter solstice

north light enters light well minimizing solar gain

North site boundary

Street level

62

SECTION THROUGH APPARATUS BAY

South site boundary

south sun enters partially glazed bay doors

Street level

63

North site boundary

apparatus bay

north sun enters fully glazed bay doors

ENERGY USE In an attempt to minimize energy use from solar gain (see following page) shading was used on all south facing glass. The cantilevers of the building also introduce shade to the walls and windows of the lower level. This minimizes solar gain and increases energy efficiency.

64

GAINS AND LOSSES

FLOOR 2 HEATING On floor 1 solar gain was minimized by cantilevering floor 2 over the south side. This provided ideal shading to the southern glazing on floor 1. On floor 2 south facing windows were minimized orienting dorm windows east when possible. Previous south facing glazing was removed.

FLOOR 2 COOLING

FLOOR 1 HEATING

FLOOR 1 COOLING

65

DAYLIGHTING

FLOOR 2

To improve daylighting without adding glazing was a simple adjustment. Because the floor 2 cantilevers over floor 1 the high ribbon window was being over shaded. I moved the window down 2.5’ and the lighting improved. On floor 2 large shaded north and east facing glazing exists to allow maximum light in while minimizing solar gain.

FLOOR 1 DAYLIGHTING % OF FLOOR AREA (annual) Underlit - 6 Well Lit - 60 Overlit - 34

FLOOR 1 + 2

0

19

37

56

74+

FOOTCANDLE LEVELS 66

THANK YOU!