11 20 /
主辦
共同主辦
馬利納爵士與NSO Sir Neville Marriner & NSO
演出時間 2015年11月18日 (星期三) 7:30 p.m. 演出地點 國家音樂廳 National Concert Hall, Taipei 演出時間 2015年11月20日 (星期五) 7:30 p.m. 演出地點 新營文化中心演藝廳 Xinying Cultural Center, Tainan 演出者 指 揮│內維爾‧馬利納爵士 Sir Neville Marriner, conductor 大提琴│田博年 Bonian Tian, cello 國家交響樂團 National Symphony Orchestra (NSO)
主辦單位 新營場共同主辦 指定住宿 特別感謝
11/18
11/20
歡迎 各位親愛的愛樂朋友,您好: 歡迎蒞臨欣賞「國家表演藝術中心」國家交響樂團音樂會,由衷感謝您的支持與參與。本中 心所屬單位包括國家兩廳院、臺中國家歌劇院、衛武營國家藝術文化中心及國家交響樂團, 我們期盼由這北中南串起的表演藝術平臺,能以最專業的團隊及服務,滿足大家的期待,共 享藝術的美好與感動!
國家表演藝術中心董事長
Welcome Dear Music Lover, Your support and participation toward the performances of the National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) is highly appreciated. The National Performing Arts Center, of which NSO is a part, also includes the National Theater & Concert Hall, Taipei, the National Taichung Theater, and the National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts, all of which are dedicated to providing a platform for the performing arts connecting the whole of Taiwan.
Chairman, National Performing Arts Center
2
曲目
上半場 約 45 分鐘 下半場 約 30 分鐘
沃夫岡 ‧ 阿瑪迪斯 ‧ 莫札特(1756-1791):第三十五號交響曲《哈夫納》 , I. 有精神的快板 II. 行板 III. 小步舞曲 IV. 急板
羅伯特 ‧ 舒曼(1810-1856):A 小調大提琴協奏曲 I. 不太快 II. 慢板 III. 相當活潑地 ~中場休息~
菲利克斯 ‧ 孟德爾頌(1809-1847):第四號交響曲《義大利》 I. II. III. IV.
活潑的快板 有律動的行板 有節制的律動 急板:薩塔瑞羅舞曲
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART(1756-1791): Symphony No. 35, K. 385, D major, Haffner I. II. III. IV.
Allegro con spirito Andante Menuetto Presto
ROBERT SCHUMANN (1810-1856): Cello Concerto, Op. 129, A minor I. Nicht zu schnell II. Langsam III. Sehr lebhaft ~Intermission~
FELIX MENDELSSOHN (1809-1847) : Symphony No. 4, Op. 90, A major, Italian I. II. III. IV.
Allegro vivace Andante con moto con moto moderato Presto: Saltarello
3
演出者簡介
指 揮 conductor
內維爾.馬利納爵士 Sir Neville Marriner
馬利納爵士跟他心目中的精神導師與英雄-皮耶 ‧ 蒙都相同,都是以小提琴家身份開 啟職業生涯,一開始在絃樂四重奏與三重奏中演奏,接著任職於倫敦交響樂團,期間並創立 聖馬丁學院管絃樂團。在赴美跟隨蒙都指揮大師學習後,於 1969 年開始他的指揮生涯,同 年創立洛杉磯室內管絃樂團,另一方面同時拓展學院管絃樂團的規模與曲目,並客席指揮世 界各地樂團。1979 年,他成為明尼亞波里交響樂團 ( 今明尼蘇達管絃樂團 ) 與斯圖加特西南 德廣播交響樂團的音樂總監與首席指揮,直至 80 年代後期。隨後繼續與全球各地樂團合作, 足跡遍及維也納、柏林、巴黎、米蘭、雅典、紐約、波士頓、舊金山與東京。兩度因對英國 音樂貢獻而獲得榮譽,近期也於法國、德國與瑞典獲獎,並在 2014 年倫敦留聲機大獎中, 因錄音作品豐碩獲得特殊傑出成就獎的肯定。 Like his mentor and hero, Pierre Monteux, Sir Neville Marriner began life as a violinist, playing first in a string quartet and trio, then in the London Symphony Orchestra, during which period he founded the Academy of St Martin in the Fields. After his studies in America with Maestro Monteux, he began his conducting career in 1969, when he founded the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, at the same time developing and extending the size and repertoire of the Academy, and guest conducting orchestras all over the world. In 1979 he became Music Director and Principal Conductor of both the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra and the Südwest Deutsche Radio Orchestra, Stuttgart, positions he held until the late into the 1980’s. Subsequently he has continued to work with orchestras round the globe–Vienna, Berlin, Paris, Milan, Athens, New York, Boston, San Francisco and Tokyo. His recording career is well documented and his touring schedule extensive. Twice honoured for his services to music in his own country, he has recently been awarded honours in France, Germany and Sweden and was honoured with a special Outstanding Achievement Award in recognition of his prolific recording career at the 2014 Gramophone Awards in London.
4
大提琴 cello
田博年
Bonian Tian
旅德大提琴家田博年,曾先後師從王基福、娜木拉、David Geringas 及 Frans Helmerson 教授。獲得柏林音樂學院大提琴碩士學位,科隆音樂學院大提琴博士學位及克隆伯格獨奏家 學位。現任職於德國科隆愛樂樂團及科隆國家歌劇院終身大提琴首席及任教法蘭克福音樂學 院。曾在柴科夫斯基國際青少年比賽、達維多夫國際大提琴比賽、安東尼奧 ‧ 楊尼格洛國 際大提琴比賽、喬爾切 ‧ 埃內斯庫國際音樂節大提琴比賽、第三屆法國安德列.那瓦勒國 際大提琴比賽中榮獲金獎。田博年的演出足跡遍佈中外各國,常受邀於各大音樂節,並與 Gidon Kremer、Yuri Bashmet、Andras Schiff、Steven Isserlis 及眾多著名樂團合作演出,並舉 辦公開課教學,是目前在國際大提琴界享有很高聲譽的華人大提琴家。
Tian began studying cello with Wang Jifu, Na Mula, David Geringas and Frans Helmerson. Bonian was awarded First Prize at the International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians, Davidoff International Competition, Antonio Janigro International Cello Competition, George Enescu International Competition and André Navarra International Cello competition. Bonian has performed as a soloist with the Zagreb Philharmonic, the Latvian National Orchestra, and the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, the China Philharmonic, Amadeus Orchester Salzburg, Toulouse Symphony Orchestra and has given recitals at the Philharmonie in Berlin, Copenhagen's Tivoli, the Seoul Centre for Culture and Music, and in a private audience for Queen Margrethe of Denmark. Bonian has worked with Christoph Eschenbach, Christoph von Dohnanyi, Gidon Kremer, Yuri Bashmet, Andras Schiff, Steven Isserlis and Christian Tetzlaff, among others, and in January 2010, joined the Gürzenich Orchestra in Cologne as Principal Cellist. 2012 became Cello Faculty at the Hochschule für Musik in Frankfurt am Main.
5
樂團簡介
自信而精銳 國家交響樂團 「⋯NSO 音樂總監呂紹嘉忠實地呈現出荀白克 ( 音樂 ) 的兩面,在他指揮下,(《古勒之歌》)如 華格納音樂般深厚的前半部,帶著猶似德布西音樂的透明感;並以如馬勒音樂般的寬宏展開後半部。」 ─英國《金融時報》2015.1 「今晚真正的明星是國家交響樂團。呂紹嘉與他訓練有素的團員,傾注全力激情流露。樂曲的高 潮令人震撼,但不咄咄逼人。唯有最好的世界級樂團能夠演奏得如此響亮而不刺耳。此曲有非常豐富的 細節,一般很難被鉅細靡遺的面面俱到,但在呂紹嘉帶領下,我聽到的細節比任何一張唱片都要多。」 ─奧地利《新標點》2015.2 「樂團迸發出如奔流般華麗宏大的音響,然而我幾乎不曾聽過舞台與樂池間如此完美的平衡。呂 紹嘉全然投入指揮,確實展現精緻的透明性。」
─英國《歌劇》雜誌 2015.1
交響樂團在每個國家有不同的形成背景,在沒有西方管絃樂傳統的台灣,過去樂團都以文化教育體 系營運。經過近三十年耕耘,我們可以驕傲的說,國家交響樂團(NSO),從交響樂、室內樂到歌劇, 是一自信、精銳,有文化意識的「台灣之音」。 國家交響樂團的前身「聯合實驗管絃樂團」,是教育部於 1986 年集合優秀新生代音樂家,以打造 頂尖交響樂團為目標所成立。2005 年成為國立中正文化中心附設團隊,2014 年 4 月改隸國家表演藝術中 心,以「台灣愛樂」立足國際。歷任常任指揮為 Gerad Akoka、Urs Schneider 及音樂總監包括許常惠、張 大勝、林望傑、簡文彬等人。近十年來 NSO 銳意求變,大步朝專業、開放、勇於創新的職業樂團發展, 2010 年八月,旅德知名指揮呂紹嘉接任 NSO 音樂總監,更將樂團打造為亞洲地區最具指標性樂團之一。 樂團現有 99 名團員,每年樂季演出約 75 場次。在歷任總監、藝術顧問的擘劃下,為樂團系統性拓 展曲目,以各種跨界製作開創多項國內先例;為 NSO 訓練出堅實的演奏實力與動人音樂性,建立駐團作 曲家計畫,提供國人作品更多發表空間。 2010 年起,音樂總監呂紹嘉以多元化主題貫穿樂季,整合與對 比並存的廣博曲目,本著「精緻、深刻、悸動」的信念琢磨出樂團多變細膩的音色與深刻撼人的音樂表 現;歌劇演出從跨國製作到深耕國內:《艾蕾克特拉》(2011)、《蝴蝶夫人》(2012)、《女武神》(2013)、 《莎樂美》(2014) 、《費黛里歐》(2015),次次展現令國際樂評驚豔的製作。呂紹嘉不僅積極拓展樂團演 奏近代管絃樂作品的能力,更致力於鞏固精鍊古典經典名作,同時持續國人管絃樂創作之演出、錄音。 2011 年起,呂紹嘉帶領樂團積極展開海外巡演,2011 年廣州亞運音樂節、2012 東北亞巡演、2013 歐洲 巡演等均獲得亞洲及歐美樂評的高度讚譽。 近 30 年來與 NSO 合作過的客席指揮家:馬捷爾、巴夏、潘德瑞茨基、史拉特金、羅斯楚波維奇、 柯米希奧納、羅許德茲特溫斯基、霍格伍德、譚盾、麥可桑德林等;及聲樂家芙雷妮、柯楚芭絲、帕瓦 洛帝、多明哥、卡瑞拉斯、庫拉、特菲爾、波伽利、吉他大師耶佩斯、鋼琴家傅聰、拉羅嘉、提博德、 魯迪、賀夫、巴弗傑、寇瓦謝維契、齊柏絲坦、洛堤、歐森、白建宇、拉貝克姐妹、鄧泰山、薩洛等; 大提琴家馬友友、顧德曼、麥斯基、卡普頌、王健、伊瑟利斯、穆勒 - 修特、嘉碧妲;小提琴家林昭亮、 胡乃元、夏漢、明茲、列賓、希拉蕊 ‧ 韓、宓多里、絲凱德、林以信、哈格納;擊樂家葛蘭妮、葛魯賓 格及其他器樂家莎賓 ‧ 梅耶、巴伯羅柯、弗黎崔希等上千位國際知名音樂家。
6
National Symphony Orchestra “To his credit, NSO music director Shao-Chia Lü was faithful to both Schönbergs, rendering the Wagnerian depth of the opening section with almost Debussy-like transparency while letting the later -Financial Times 2015/1/1 portions unfold with Mahlerian breadth.” “The real star of the show was Taiwan Philharmonic. Shao-Chia Lü drew a full measure of passionate outpouring from his superbly trained musicians. Climaxes were overwhelming but never overbearing. Only world's greatest orchestras can play so loud without becoming garish. The score is so rich in detail that no single interpretation can reveal it all, but under Lü's direction I heard more -derneue Merker 2015/2 than in any recording. “ “The orchestra poured out great torrents of magnificent sound, and yet seldom have I heard such ideal balance between stage and pit. Shao-Chia Lü conducted with total commitment, ensuring -Opera, UK 2015/1 exquisite transparence.” Founded in 1986, the National Symphony Orchestra, also known as the Taiwan Philharmonic, is hailed as one of the best orchestras in the Asian Region and became the resident orchestra of the National Chiang Kai-Shek Cultural Center in 2005. Starting April 2014, the NSO has become an affiliate orchestra to the National Performing Arts Center. Led by renowned conductor ShaoChia Lü as its 5th music director starting August 2010, the NSO has increased the country's cultural richness and music educational strength throughout Taiwan. The NSO with 99 members presents a 40-week musical season of approximately 75 concerts/ chamber recitals and one opera production each year. It also launched educational programs and outreach projects constantly. Tour performances are regularly offered throughout Taiwan and overseas. It has toured to Vienna, Paris, Berlin, Geneva, Milan, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Sapporo, Tokyo, Yokohama, Hong Kong and major cities in China. The NSO works with internationally acclaimed conductors, such as Lorin Maazel, Krzysztof Penderecki, Rudolf Barshai, Leonard Slatkin, Christopher Hogwood, Oleg Caetani, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Michael Sanderling and soloists, including Midori, Vadim Repin, Hilary Hahn, Baiba Skride, Viviane Hagner, Yo-Yo Ma, Gautier Capuçon, Alban Gerhardt, Mischa Maisky, Sol Gabetta, Evelyn Glennie, Martin Grubinger, Louis Lortie, Kun Woo Paik, Stephen Hough, Stephen Kovacevich, Katia & Marielle Labèque, Sabine Meyer, Reinhold Friedrich and many others. The NSO has extended its artistic reach, involving in theater and opera productions, such as working with Lin Hwai-min, the world-renowned choreographer and founder of Taiwan's Cloud Gate Dance Theatre, Austrian digital artist Klaus Obermaier, and opera stage directors Tobias Richter, Moffatt Oxenbould, and Hans-Peter Lehmann. In addition to its record-breaking semistage concert operas Der Ring des Nibelungen, and Elektra, the NSO has collaborated with worldclass opera houses for its multinational productions, such as Der Rosenkavalier (Deutsche Oper am Rhein, 2007), Carmen (Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Norwegian National Opera and Opera Australia, 2009), Madama Butterfly (Opera Australia, 2012), Fidelio (Zurich Operahaus, 2015) as well as in-house production Die Walküre (2013), and Salome (2014).
7
攝影 Raymond Huang
8
樂曲解說
不朽神童 撰文.蔡永凱(國立臺灣師範大學音樂學博士)
在音樂史上,莫札特與孟德爾頌常被相提並論。兩人都以神童之姿揚名樂壇,卻又都在 盛年因病離世。雖然如此,兩人的際遇卻有天壤之別。莫札特出身小康家庭,父親利奧波德 係當時頗具名望的小提琴教師。望子成龍的父親為了栽培兒子,極力拉攏薩爾茲堡的上層階 級,卻因其對「尊嚴」與「利益」的觀念與兒子相悖,最終導致父子決裂。相反地、孟德爾 頌出身於富裕家庭,父母親皆全力支持兒子的音樂事業,讓年輕的孟德爾頌可以毫無後顧之 憂地創作。他的音樂,與十九世紀前期大部份的作曲家一樣,都逃脫不了貝多芬的影響,但 又比他人多了巴哈的理性與莫札特的精緻,因此也被舒曼譽為「十九世紀的莫札特」。 兩人的音樂都以輕快、悅耳著稱,甚至難免因其討喜的聲響被視為過於世俗、缺乏深度。 然而,隨著研究視角的轉換,兩人對音樂的開創性都被認定為當代音樂發展的重要轉折。直 至今日,音樂界的神童仍如過江之鯽,但莫札特與孟德爾頌,卻以其短暫生命裡的豐碩創作, 讓他們的生命得以永留世間,成為不朽。
沃夫岡 ‧ 阿瑪迪斯 ‧ 莫札特: 第三十五號交響曲《哈夫納》 1849 年,莫札特的第三十五號交響曲,又被稱為《哈夫納交響曲》。哈夫納係當時在 薩爾茲堡一名聲顯赫之家族。該家族 1776 年於嫁女兒時,曾委託莫札特為婚禮創作一部小 夜曲,亦是日後為所熟知的《哈夫納小夜曲》(Haffner Serenade K. 250(248b))。因此,六年後, 當哈夫納之子得知自己即將被封爵時,他再度透過莫札特父親,委託創作一部新的作品。莫 札特當時非常繁忙,除了教學不斷之外,歌劇《後宮誘逃》即將首演,期間還有莫札特自己 的婚禮,但因著父親的壓力與哈夫納家族的威望,他仍擠出時間創作了一部新的小夜曲。是 年年底,莫札特得到喘息的時間,他拜託父親寄回這部新作小夜曲的總譜,加以修改、刪減 樂章,使其符合交響曲的形式。
9
樂曲解說
作品具有四個樂章,第一樂章為 D 大調,使用奏鳴曲式。沒有導奏,在前五個小節就呈 現出兩個具有鮮明性格的動機:前半部由連續三個八度大跳組成,營造出大開大闔的氣勢; 後半段則為一同音反覆旋律,雖然亦具有附點和大跳,但風格較為輕柔。兩個素材構織出整 個樂章,不僅在呈示、再現部裡具有豐富的色彩變化,在發展部裡則使用卡農手法,以對位 手法展現作品的重量。 第二樂章為 G 大調,同樣由奏鳴曲式來架構。樂章開始,第一小提琴即由上行的大三和 弦帶出第一主題;第二主題在 D 大調上,較為輕快,由第二小提琴與中提琴演奏。在這個樂 章的奏鳴曲式架構裡,發展部僅 14 小節,且並未見到清楚的主題痕跡,具有過渡樂段性格, 亦是當時慢板樂章常見的形式。 第三樂章回到 D 大調,在「小步舞曲段」莫札特藉由樂團齊奏,營造出較為陽剛的性格; 在「中間段」則轉換為鄉村舞曲的風味。終樂章亦使用奏鳴曲式。作曲家在樂章開始即呈現 第一主題的兩種樣貌,先由絃樂演奏弱聲;再由樂團齊奏演奏強音版本。相對於第一主題的 陽剛,在 A 大調上的第二主題則較為輕巧,由絃樂加上低音管演奏。在這個樂章裡,莫札特 設計了更多轉調,在峰迴路轉下安排多處驚喜,既維繫了整部作品壯盛的基調,但也留下了 歡樂的印象。
羅伯特 ‧ 舒曼:A 小調大提琴協奏曲 目前最為人所知的十九世紀大提琴協奏曲,分別為舒曼、德弗札克與聖桑斯所譜寫。其 中最晚受到注目的舒曼,其實最早寫成。它於 1850 年,作曲家就任杜塞朵夫職位前兩週完 成。關於這部作品的創作動機與背景,目前為止所知甚少。只知原本在草稿上係標註著「協 奏曲式作品」(Konzertstück),而非「協奏曲」,由此亦可以理解,即使作品在完成後仍被稱 為「協奏曲」,但卻有具有相當特殊、大膽的試驗,不同於當初標準的協奏曲形式。 作品由三個樂章組成:第一樂章為奏鳴曲式,樂章以樂團的三聲和弦開始,在風格上 似為導奏,但在音程關係上,則預告了三小節後由獨奏大提琴所帶出的第一主題。第一主題 以 E-A-B-C 四音為主,在抒情歌唱的框架下亦有許多細碎的華彩音型。在經過樂團齊奏後, 音樂轉至較為片段式的和弦,這個區塊雖然未帶出明確的主題,但大調的色彩與第一主題明
10
顯不同,可以視為樂章的第二主題群。樂章的發展部裡,可以頻繁地聽到第一主題之使用; 而獨奏大提琴亦屢屢挑戰高音域。經過工整的再現部後,漸慢卻不中斷地進行至第二樂章慢 板。這個在大調上出現的慢板,具有溫柔的特質,其旋律係由數個動機結合而成,展現舒曼 最擅長的「斷片」拼貼手法。然而到樂章中段,長笛卻又帶出具有小調色彩的第一樂章第一 主題,雖然之後再由獨奏大提琴拉回第二樂章之主題,原先的幸福感卻有如無法挽回,經由 一段獨奏者的快速音群,由第二樂章之主題不間斷地接續至第三樂章快板。這個終樂章再度 回到小調,兼具迴旋曲式和奏鳴曲式的特色。樂章開始樂團由齊奏帶出 A-F-E,即本樂章最 重要的主題。但是在樂章中間,亦可聽到第一樂章的第一主題再度加入。 於是,在這部「協奏曲」裡,存在了兩個空間:就傳統的眼光來看,三個樂章具備各自 的架構與主題;但透過樂章的連結與主題的混用,舒曼又把這三個樂章串連成一個大型的整 體。如此的作法,深富舒伯特《流浪者幻想曲》、孟德爾頌小提琴協奏曲、白遼士《幻想交 響曲》的影響,也預告了十九世紀末期交響詩與協奏曲的普遍走向。因此,即使獨奏大提琴 的部份,曾經一度被認為是無法被演奏,但舒曼為這部大提琴協奏曲所灌注的深度,卻絕對 不只在獨奏大提琴的聲部而已。
菲利克斯 ‧ 孟德爾頌:第四號交響曲《義大利》 孟德爾頌的第四號交響曲,別稱《義大利》,靈感來自於 1829 至 1931 年至義大利旅行 的經驗。作品在 1833 年完成後,由作曲家自己指揮,於倫敦首演。隔年,孟德爾頌已完成 修改版本,卻始終未能滿意。因此這部作品,一直等到作曲家辭世之後,才得以重見天日。 作品由四個樂章組成。第一樂章的開始即傳達出高昂的興致:木管的持續斷奏為孟德爾 頌慣用的語彙、在這個充滿動力的背景下,樂章的第一主題由小提琴帶出。主題前端兩次三 度音程上下有如來自美好南方的呼喚。而這個三度音程,亦成為這個樂章最主要的素材。第 二主題為單簧管與低音管所演奏的旋律,與第一主題相較,雖然都屬輕快,但色澤卻顯得較 為溫暖。進入發展部後,加入了由樂團齊奏的小調主題。這個主題可似是脫胎自呈示部的伴 奏音型,直到此時才聚集成型。發展部中,小調主題與第一主題相互壓制,成功營造出樂章 的高潮。再現部的佈局大致上與呈示部相同,但在細微處見巧思,原本由管樂演奏的第一主 題,此處由中提琴與大提琴演奏,長笛與單簧管輪流演奏出不間斷的流暢音型,即使音樂內
11
樂曲解說
容類似,但卻呈現完全不同的聲響。再現部的尾端,小調主題再次出現,猶如帶領聽眾溫習 發展部裡兩主題的競逐。直到第一主題吹出勝利的號角,結束這充滿活力的第一樂章。 第二樂章為 a 小調,此慢板樂章亦被稱為「朝聖者進行曲」。樂章共由三段不同旋律, 按 ABCACB 的順序串連而成,流露出憂鬱、懷舊的氣息。第三樂章再次回到明亮的 A 大調。 在這個小步舞曲,「小步舞曲段」的主要素材係小提琴於樂章開始所帶出的流暢旋律;「中 間段」則為明確的號角聲。有趣的是,樂章結束前的短小尾聲,亦取自中間段的號角聲。 孟德爾頌為賦予終樂章「薩塔瑞羅舞曲」的標題。這一類舞曲源起於義大利托斯卡尼地 區,其特色為 3/4 拍,舞步則以快速的旋轉為主,且強調跳躍。樂章以樂團的齊奏開始,猶 如金鼓齊鳴地宣告其喧鬧的基調,之後再接至兩支長笛以平行三度所演奏的樂章主題。整個 樂章融合了迴旋曲式與奏鳴曲式,既可以聽到舞曲主題重複出現,亦能聽到頻繁地轉調與主 題間的對位。樂章裡成功地將「小調」與「歡樂」結合,這也可說是孟德爾頌在古典音樂史 上,無人能出其右的獨門技術。
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No. 35, K. 385, D major, Haffner By Robert Markow (Musicologist, Canada) WOLFGANG AMADÈ MOZART: Born in Salzburg, January 27, 1756; died in Vienna, December 5, 1791 The highly esteemed Haffner family of Salzburg needed some music to accompany the festivities surrounding the ennoblement of one of its sons, set for late July or early August, 1782. There was no question of whom to ask. Mozart had previously written the Haffner Serenade, K. 250 for the marriage of a Haffner daughter in 1776. Six years later, the family again had cause for celebration and turned to Leopold Mozart to request from his son Wolfgang, now settled in Vienna, a serenade for the occasion. Wolfgang complied, but he was so overworked with a variety of projects that, even with the best of intentions, he could not meet the deadline. (In addition to all his musical activities, his marriage to Constanze was just two weeks away.) So feverishly did he write the score that several months later, when his father returned it to him, he remarked that it “positively amazed me, for I had
12
forgotten every single note in it.” The relevance of all this to the genesis of the Haffner Symphony becomes clear when we find Mozart in need of a symphony for a concert in Vienna of all his own music the following season. To convert his occasional serenade into a symphony, Mozart dropped the opening march (now an independent piece, K. 408, No. 2) and one of the minuets (presumed lost) and added pairs of flutes and clarinets to the original instrumentation of the remaining movements. These new instruments only double already existing lines and chords in the outer movements, but the symphony owes its enriched sonority to one of the largest ensembles Mozart ever used. The concert at which the Haffner Symphony was premiered took place on March 23, 1783. The Haffner Symphony boasts one of the most striking openings of any Mozart symphony: a bold, ceremonial gesture with flying leaps in the unison strings and a good rhythmic punch to set it off. So effective is this opening flourish that Mozart employs it almost continuously throughout the movement, even to the extent of letting it serve, in slightly modified form, as the “second” principal theme in the contrasting key of A major, and, as the closing theme as well, also modified. Swirling scale passages, brilliant arpeggiation and lots of trills contribute to the festive air. T he winsome lilt of the opening theme of the Andante sets in motion a movement that conforms perfectly to the image of Mozartian grace. A wide variety of trills and other decorative touches emphasize its rococo delicacy and lighthearted mood. The sturdy, vigorous Menuetto recalls more the dance style of Austrian peasants than of courtly ballrooms. Jens Peter Larsen described the central Trio section as “a little marvel of unproblematical music-making.” Peeking through the curtains of the operatic stage is the witty tune of the finale, which is too close to Osmin’s aria “Ha, wie will ich triumphieren” from The Abduction from the Seraglio (premiered just three weeks before this movement was written) to be sheer coincidence. This sparkling finale is a rondo whose unconventional design is nevertheless perceived as eminently logical and assured, written in utmost haste by a supreme master.
Robert Schumann: Cello Concerto, Op. 129, A minor Schumann wrote his Cello Concerto in 1850, describing it in his own list of compositions as a Konzerlstuck it came, therefore, during the first period of his appointment in Düsseldorf, at the time of composition of his Third Symphony, the Rhenish. He already had some knowledge of the cello, having played it in the 1830s, when he was forced to turn his attention away from the piano, at least
13
樂曲解說
as a professional performer. The lower register of the cello poses certain problems to composers, since it may all too easily be obscured by the orchestra. This is avoided by Schumann's scoring, which, nevertheless, has been criticized, leading some to re-orchestrate the concerto in ways that are often interesting, if idiosyncratic. Woodwind chords, with pizzicato strings, open the concerto, the soloist entering after a brief accompanying figure in the violins. The strongly romantic first theme is proclaimed by the cello, which continues in prominence until the first orchestral tutti, answered by a further solo The rhapsodic material is developed, the solo theme re-appearing in F sharp minor before the recapitulation in the original key, with the secondary theme now in the tonic major. There is an expressive F major slow movement and brief reminiscences of the principal themes of both movements before the launching of the finale, with arpeggios that form part of the cello theme, the basis of the movement, which leads to an accompanied cadenza and an emphatic conclusion. © 2015 Naxos Digital Services Ltd
Felix Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4, Op. 90, A major, Italian The Italian Symphony was completed in 1833 but remained unpublished in Mendelssohn's life-time because of his own dissatisfaction with it and his intention of revising the first movement. The ideas for the work were developed during his stay in Italy in 1831, and the whole symphony, described by the Vienna critic Eduard Hanslick as "full of sweet enchantment, an intoxicating floral fragrance", fits well enough the composer's own view of it as "the gayest thing I have ever done". The first movement opens with the violins offering the initial cheerful theme, over repeated wind chords. Classical procedure is followed, with clarinets and bassoons playing a second subject over a busy string accompaniment. The central development of the movement introduces a third theme, with the opening figure providing material that leads to the re-appearance of the first subject and the recapitulation. The second movement is the famous Pilgrims' March, the solemn theme of the procession announced by oboes, bassoons and violas, with the melody unfolding over the rhythmic march of the lower strings. A third movement, described by one critic as "a Biedermeier minuet", has about it something of the spirit of Mendelssohn's fairy music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, but it is in the rapid elegance of the final Saltarello and the concluding Neapolitan tarantella that this mood is decisively recaptured. © 2015 Naxos Digital Services Ltd
14
國家交響樂團
音樂總監 桂冠指揮
呂紹嘉 根特‧赫比希
駐團指揮
張尹芳
第一小提琴
★ 吳庭毓 ★ 李宜錦 ☆鄧皓敦 ○ 陳逸群 郭昱麟 林基弘 梁坤豪 陳逸農 卓曉青
方俊人 黃佳頎 李庭芳 賴佳奇 林孟穎 李家豪 曾智弘 蔡竺君 * 白浩胤
第二小提琴
● 陳怡茹 ◎ 孫正玫 吳怡慧 李京熹 黃衍繹 顧慈美 于爾恩 康信榮 李梅箋
鍾仁甫 蔡孟峰 洪章文 陳偉泓 王致翔
中 提 琴
● 黃瑞儀 ◎ 鄧啟全 ○ 呂昭瑩 黃雅琪 李靖宜 謝君玲 呂孟珊 李思琪 陳猶白
蔡秉璋 吳彥廷 鄧宛雯 羅培菁
大 提 琴
● 熊士蘭 ◎ 連亦先 ○ 韋智盈 呂明美 周幼雯 陳怡婷 林宜女閒 黃日昇 蘇酩惠
唐鶯綺 * 林君翰
低 音 提 琴
● 傅永和 ◎ 蘇億容 ○ 周春祥 王淑瑜 黃筱清 王淑宜 連珮致 蔡歆婕 * 游婉婷
長 笛
● 安德石 ◎ 宮崎千佳 李 浚
短 笛
鐘美川
雙 簧 管
● 王怡靜 ◎ 阮黃松 楊舒婷 李斐雯
英 國 管
李明怡
單 簧 管
● 朱玫玲 ◎ 張凱婷 朱偉誼 孫正茸
低 音 管
● 簡凱玉 ◎ 陳奕秀 高靈風
倍 低 音 管
簡恩義
法 國 號
● 劉宜欣 ◎傅后銘 ○ 黃任賢 國田朋宏 王婉如 曹予勉 *王濟揚
小 號
● 宇新樂 ◎ 陳長伯 張景民 鄒儒吉
長 號
● 宋光清 ◎ 邵恆發 陳中昇
低音長號
彭曉昀
低 音 號
● 宮西純
定 音 鼓
● 連雅文 ◎ 陳廷銓
打 擊 樂
● 陳哲輝 陳振馨 楊璧慈
豎 琴
● 解 瑄
鍵 盤
▲ 許毓婷
執行長 企劃演出經理 整銷推廣經理
邱 瑗 杜佳舫 王承禹
音樂總監執行祕書 黃毓棻
企劃演出
整銷推廣
企劃組長 謝祥雯 企劃專員 賴盈帆 賴曉俐 人事組長 林碧珠 譜務專員 高婉瑜 舞台監督 高冠勳 助理舞監 潘柏宏 蘇敬涵 法務專員 劉善謙 行政專員 苗媛如 行政助理 沈靜宜
行銷組長 鄭巧琪 行銷專員 陳卜湄 曾柏雄 郭玲孜 葉儒芯 潘薇方 林欣儀▓ 法律顧問 林信和 音樂諮詢 焦元溥 錄音製作
★樂團首席 ☆樂團副首席 ●首席 ◎副首席 ○助理首席 ▓留職停薪 ▲樂季合約人員 *NSO樂團學苑學員 劃底線者為本場協演人員
15
National Symphony Orchestra Music Director Shao-Chia Lü
Double Bass
Conductor Laureate Günther Herbig Resident Conductor Yin-Fang Chang First Violin ★ Ting-Yu Wu ★ I-Ching Li Hao-Tun Teng ○ Yi-Chun Chen Yu-Lin Kuo Ji-Hung Lin Kun-Hao Liang Yee-Nong Chen Hsiao-Ching Cho Cecilia Fang Jiachi Huang Ting-Fang Lee Chia-Chi Lai Meng-Ying Lin Chia-Hao Lee Chih-Hong Tseng Chu-Chun Tsai *Hao-Yin Pai
Second Violin ● Yi-Ju
Chen ◎ Cheng-Mei Sun I-Hui Wu Ching-Hsi Lee Yen-Yi Huang Tsu-Mei Ku ErAn Yu Hsin-Jung Kang Mei-Jain Li Jen-Fu Chung Meng-Fong Tsai Chang-Wen Hung Wei-Hong Chen Chih-Hsiang Wang
Viola ● Grace
Huang ◎ Chi-Chuan Teng ○ Chao-Ying Lu Yea-Chyi Hwang Jing-Yi Lee Juin-Ling Shieh Meng-San Lu Szu-Chi Li Jubel Chen Ping-Chang Tsai Yen-Ting Wu Wan-Wen Eve Teng Pei-Ching Lo
Flute ● Anders Norell ◎ Chika Miyazaki Chuin Lee
Piccolo
Percussion
Chen
● Jer-Huei Chen Chen-Hsing Chen Pi-Tzu Yang
Harp ● Shuen
Chieh
Keyboard ▲Yu-Ting Hsu
Executive Director Joyce Chiou
Manager, Planning & Production Sarah Tu
Manager, Marketing & Development
Oboe
Paul Wang
Wang ◎ Tung Nguyen Hoang Shu-Ting Yang Fei-Wen Lee ● I-Ching
English Horn Ming-I Lee
Clarinet ● May-Lin
Ju Chang Wei-I Chu Cheng-Jung Sun ◎ Kai-Ting
Secretary of Music Director Yu-Fen Huang
Planning & Production Assistant Manager Shelby Hsieh
Programme Coordinator Ying-Fan Lai Lizi Lai
Assistant Manager, Personnel Bibi Lin
Librarian
Brittney Kao
Stage Manager
Bassoon Jian ◎ I-Hsiu Chen Ling-Feng Kao ● Kai-Yu
Contrabassoon En-Yi Chien
Kuan-Hsun Kao
Assistant Stage Manager Odin Pan Ching- Han Su
Legal Affairs Cary Liu
Administrator
Horn Cindy Liu ◎ Lewis Yeo Meng Poh ○ Jen-Hsien Huang Tomohiro Kunita Wan-Ju Wang Yu-Mien Tsao * Chih-Yang Wang ● Yi-Hsin
Trumpet Rusillon ◎ Chang-Po Chen Ching-Min Chang Loo-Kit Chong ● Nicolas
Trombone
Cello ● Lana
Bass Trombone
★Concertmaster
◎ Ting-Chuan
Mei-Chuan Chung
Sung ◎ Hang-Fat Shiu Chung-Sheng Chen
Hsiung ◎ Yi-Shien Lien ○ Chih-Yi Wei Ming-Meei Lieu Yu-Wen Chou I-Ting Chen Yi-Hsien Lin Jih-Sheng Huang Ming-Huei Su Ying-Chi Tang *Chun-Han Lin
16
Fu ◎ Yi-Juan Su ○ Chun-Shiang Chou Su-Yu Wang Hsiao-Ching Huang Shu-Yi Wang Pei-Chih Lien Hsin-Chieh Tsai * Wan-Ting Yu ● Yung-Ho
● Kuang-Ching
Yuan-Ju Miao
Administration Assistant Jing-Yi Shen
Marketing & Development Assistant Manager Chiau-Chi Cheng
Marketing Coordinator Pu-Mei Chen Po-Hsiung Tseng Katherine Kuo Ashley Yeh Wei-Fang Pan Eileen Lin■
Legal Consultant Hsin-Ho Lin
Concert Dramaturgist Yuan-Pu Chiao
Recording Partnership
Hsiao-Yun Peng
Tuba ● Jun
Miyanishi
Timpani ● Ya-Wen
Lien
Associate Concertmaster ●Principal ◎Associate Principal ○Assistant Principal ■On Leave ▲Season Contracted Musicians *NSO Orchestra Academy Auxiliary