Knowledge Hub

ARCH412: Detailed Design | Nikolaos Theodoros Stagkos | 10511384 | Design & Technical Strategy Boobklet

SYMBIOTIC GROWTH & RESEARCH NETWORK

Knowledge Hub | Prototype & Testing Centre

ABSTRACT This document, contains both the design and technical strategy of the Arch_412: Detailed Design module submission. It discusses the evolution of the project from the early development frame set out in the urban strategy and masterplan document of Term One, entitled ‘Tottenham Hale: Symbiosis test-bed’, to a detailed design proposal as a resourceful and derived outcome.1

1

note: The drawings included in the following pages are not to scale.

CONTENTS DETAILED DESIGN 6 Project Synopsis 6 CONTEXT 8 Social Issues 12 Economic Issues 13 Energy Issues 14 Who For 17 The Vision 17 SITE ANALYSIS 20 MASTERPLAN 23 Spatial Mechanisms of the Industrial Symbiosis 26 Site Identification 28 NETWORK 29 Symbiotic Growth & Research Network (S.G.R.N.) 29 Shared Building Scheme 30 Social Component 32 Education / Research 33 Industrial Component 34 Research / Prototype / Testing 35 Economic/Environmental Component 36 Job Interface 37 BUILDING PROPOSITION 38

Site | Strategic Decision Making 40 Site | Bridging the Main Route 41 Precedent Study | Maison De M. Louis Carre - Alvar Aalto, Bazoches-sur-Guyonne, France 1956 42 Site | Bridging the Main Route 43 Ground Conditions 44 Ground Conditions | Industrial Spectacle 45 Cont. | Open Plan | Economic Engagement 46 Building Access and Regulatory Requirements 47 Pairing Activities | Community and Science 48 Building Access and Regulatory Requirements 49 DESIGN PROCESS 50 Three Components 50 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure | Index 52 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure | Discussion 54 AUDITORIUM 55 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure 55 CLASSROOMS 56 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure 56 Technical Strategy | 1:20 construction section | U-value Calculation 58

Wall Details: from interior to exterior surface 59 Precedent Study: Wiel Arets Architects - Utrecht University Library, Netherlands 2004 60 OPEN SOURCE LABS 61 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure 61 1:20 Sectional Detail of Circulation Attached to the Open Source Labs 63 OPEN MARKET 64 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure 64 Volume Strategy & Ceilng Changes 65 DIGESTER FACILITY 66 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure 66 User - Program | Technical Processes 67 Spatial Mechanics 68 Pathway 69 Visualising the Light-well 70 RECAP 72 POWDERED GLASS FACILITY 73 Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure 73 User - Program | Technical Processes 74 INDUSTRIAL FLOOR 76 Industrial Occupation 76 MAIN VOLUME 77

Assembling the Structure 77 Column Grid | Ground Floor Plan 78 Ventilation Strategy 79 Facade Structure 80 1:20 Detail of Curtain Wall Facade Structure | Roof Joist 82 1:20 Detail of Curtain Wall Facade Structure | Floor Joist 83 Precedent Study | Richard Rogers - The PA Technology Facility in Hightstown, NJ - 1982] 84 Precedent Study | Fumihiko Maki & Associates - The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA - 2009 85 END OF DISCUSSION 86 Final Building Section 86 APPENDIX 88 REFERENCES 94

DETAILED DESIGN Project Synopsis TO HIGH STREET

TUBE STATION

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Master of Architecture

The project is looking into achieving an industrial symbiosis scheme within Tottenham Hale, particularly in the area of Fountayne Road industrial estate. The set-up of the project begins from the program and issues discussed in the urban strategy document. As the master plan proposal evolves, a shared building schemed derived through collaboration with my colleagues Kellie Donovan and page Thomas Whettingsteel (footnote), resulting to 3 separate buildings 6 sharing industrial, educational and economic / environmental components as well as a public space.

The urban strategy, is dealing with the current negative perception of industry in Tottenham and is looking into an alternate model for regeneration in Tottenham Hale. It approaches and questions the current status of the industrial

SITE

TO SEVEN SISTERS

open market for urban farming products. In summary, is about community and science coming together under a knowledge hub. Educational and research programs are met under the same volume, in the centre of the building, with an industrial spectacle taking place within the same space and economic activities on ground level, turning the hub into a learning, industrial and economic node.

DETAILED DESIGN

The set up of the project begins from the program and issues discussed in the urban strategy document. As the masterplan proposal evolves, a shared building scheme derived through collaboration with my colleagues Kellie Donovan and Thomas Whettingsteel, resulting to 3 separate buildings sharing educational, industrial, and economic/environmental components as well as a public space. The 3 buildings are based upon symbiotic relationships. A Symbiotic Growth and Research Network [S.G.R.N] is formulated to run the collective scheme. My building proposal, is a knowledge hub, a prototype and testing centre (from now on referred as the ‘hub’) of the industrial symbiosis. It contains a chp prototype and small scale glass recycling processes, educational spaces, open source and private laboratories, as well as an

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estates north and south of the retail park and re-thinks the negative perception of industry.

The primary agenda is focusing on proposing a new model of urban re-industrialisation through a Tottenham-wide network of industrial symbiosis.

Fountayne Road becomes a test-bed of industrial synergies, examining ways that will generate a sustainable industrial symbiosis model. It seeks for economic, social and energy benefits between industry and nonindustry, co-existing within the same locale. The site is overtaken by a variety of industrial, economic and educational programmes, as well as urban farming facilities. The main intervention is a biomass plant in the centre of the site, linking all programmes with on-site cradle-to-cradle mechanisms and exchanges of inputs and outputs.

CONTEXT

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Master of Architecture

The project is looking into achieving an industrial symbiosis scheme within Tottenham Hale, particularly in the area of Fountayne Road industrial estate. The set-up of the project begins from the program and issues discussed in the urban strategy document. As the master plan proposal evolves, a shared building schemed derived through collaboration with my colleagues Kellie Donovan and page Thomas Whettingsteel (footnote), 8 resulting to 3 separate buildings sharing educational, industrial, and economic/environmental components as well as a public space.

The negative perception of industry seems to be a common theme across East Haringey.

Currently the industrial areas surrounding Fountayne road and

ASHLEY ROAD

RETAIL PARK

FOUNTAYNE ROAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

the car-culture of the retail park

low density industrial buildings

DETAILED DESIGN

Ashley Road are underdeveloped and under used. In saying that, however, there are a number of important industries and business in the area which are key assets to the community. The urban strategy is investigates ways to work with these industries and enhance both the business and also the area as a whole.

[existing social issues] ‘Tottenham Hale: symbiosis test-bed’ looks at producing an alternate model for page 9 regeneration in Tottenham Hale.

The project acts as prototype which can be modified to be used throughout Tottenham.

Currently the local council are under pressure to produce 10000 new homes and 5000 new jobs.

Community groups are currently feeling under threat with the fear on gentrification which could happen if these targets are met.

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new private developments

57%

Haringey’s 0-19 year olds who live within the site or adjacent wards

23%

Recent reports show that there is a strong consensus among Tottenham’s residents who feel page the need for improvement.

10 Current issues extend from social and economic, to energy issues.

21%

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Master of Architecture

Some redevelopment schemes around Tottenham have already forced residents and business to move out. The proposed scheme is proposing news ways in thinking that will benefit both the local residents, community groups and the council.

The borough of Haringey suffers from high rates of social and economic inequalities, from the western wards to the eastern wards. Whereas the western wards of the borough thrive and belong to some of the richest 5% of London’s wards, the eastern wards, including Tottenham,

Unemployment in Tottenham Hale 2013

Working age population with level 1 qualification or lower (equivalent to GCSE grade G-D)

5th

largest Manufacturing is the employment type in Haringey

Meanwhile the currently under planning, redevelopment proposal by Haringey council, suggests ‘change for the better’ through neighbourhood gentrification and turning the area into an international

DETAILED DESIGN

transport hub, like Stratford International, problems such as the low level of educational and health, as well as high unemployment rates are hard to be tackled effectively through such an totalising position. The afore-mentioned social problems can be translated into problems in terms of social, economic, but mostly energy resilience.

Indeed, the social fabric can be read in the urban fabric page relatively easy when getting a 11 closer look into the area. The average household income in the eastern wards of Haringey is one of the lowest of London, fact that is translated into fuel poverty, where some 12% - 16% of the local households face serious difficulties paying their winter bills and being excluded from basic wellbeing patterns.

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belong to the poorest 5% of London’s wards. The area’s great variety in demographics, the majority of which are excluded ethnic minorities, is a live example of basic health economics studies that correctly argue that, in areas where ethnic minorities are excluded from the primary social fabric, they are bound to remain in marge, due to cultural isolation, lack of communication knowledge, lack of awareness of local social services [01]. In addition, working class citizens occupy the area with few economic opportunities.

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Social Issues

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TextaOther than unemployment, a major social issue is consisted of health related problems. That is mainly due to un-registered citizens, however another great factor are pure environmental qualities, as the area is exposed to heavy transport infrastructure with minimum green spaces.

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DETAILED DESIGN

Economic Issues The low average household income within the area can be justified when looking at the urban context. Most of Tottenham Hale is occupied by affordable, and poorly maintained council homes. Repair and ecoretrofitting in order to raise the living standars of such homes can be very expensive for the local council. As a result, handing the land in private developers, by setting certain energy requirements and the minimun page number for affordable flats, is a 13 much more viable solution for the Haringey counil.

Master of Architecture

Energy Issues [current energy model] The root for a currently nonresilient energy model in the borough is not necessarily located in one field. The current energy network, the main distribution operator of which is the private company “UK Power Networks�, runs primarily on coal, natural gas and nuclear power.

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Set aside the disastrous environmental aspect of coal page burning, each type of power 14 plant is by average only 34% - 50% efficient in energy production. Furthermore, energy losses happen through the transportation process, from plant to substations in close proximity to urban centres. Lack in energy efficiency is then toppedup by expensive maintenance costs of the national grid and local distribution network. These

results to more expensive energy bills, closing the loop back to the fuel poverty and low-income statistics of Tottenham, a clearly non-resilient status. In terms of environmental sustainability, the resilience of Haringey’s ecosystem is unable to be achieved as social and economic difficulties are increased by infrastructural problems. The residential areas of the borough are accounted with 50% of local CO2 emissions and considerable amounts of heat- page 15 loss.

COUNCIL HOMES

LIVE WORK UNITS

URBAN FARM

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DETAILED DESIGN

PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT

Master of Architecture

[who for?] ‘Tottenham Hale: symbiosis test-bed’ targets a variety of users-actors in a series of sectors, from public to private.

The project is set to provide solutions for the afore mentioned issues in local community groups.

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The scheme aims in creating stronger co-operation between local council and local businesses.

It is meant to achieve community page involvement and interaction 16 between industry and residents, locating the commmunity at the centre of development.

community

workers

vocational students

unemployed

residents

Who For

The Vision COUNCIL

TOTTENHAM

TOTTENHAM

COMMUNITY GROUPS

COMMUNITY GROUPS

URBAN FARMING

FOUNTAYNE ROAD

URBAN FARMING LEARN EAT GROW

INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS

LEARN EAT GROW

INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS LANDMARKS

BT

BT

PENSION FUNDS

PENSION FUNDS EDUCATION CENTRES SCHOOLS/COLLEGES

UNEMPLOYED

EDUCATION HIGHCENTRES ROAD BUSINESSES SCHOOLS/COLLEGES

HIGH ROAD

LANDMARKS

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CHANGING CHANGING PERCEPTION OF INDUSTRY PERCEPTION OF INDUSTRY

BUSINESSES

UNEMPLOYED VACANT BUILDINGS INTO FLEXIBLE SPACES

GREATER LONDON

GREATER LONDON

DETAILED DESIGN

FOUNTAYNE ROAD

VACANT BUILDINGS INTO FLEXIBLE SPACES EDUCATIONAL HUBS

SKILLED BASED CAREERS

EDUCATIONAL HUBS

SKILLED BASED CAREERS

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COUNCIL

Master of Architecture

Industrial symbiosis is at the forefront of ‘Tottenham Hale: symbiosis test-bed’.

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Industry becomes a key factor to boosting the local economy, creating a stronger community and encouraging skill based education. The concept of industrial symbiosis evolves around a network of inputs and outputs. From a personalised page model of a Tottenham Symbiosis 18 system through social, economic and energy on-site sustainability to the model’s ability to generate excess energy for Tottenham Hale’s residential districts as well as the TFL tube station - to receive in the long run economic benefits - to be used as a test-bed for similar future developments across Haringey’s existing run-down industrial estates; the concept works

through a series of closed-loops that recycle and redistribute onsite products and collaboration with local community groups and institutions.

INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

INDUSTRIAL SPECTACLE

NEW MODELS OF INDUSTRY

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DETAILED DESIGN

The urban strategy introduces 3 primary components that drive program, activity and the design; social, environmental and economic. Schemes such as urban farming, biomass technologies, educational hubs and work spaces are used to create new exciting green spaces which can benefit surrounding business as well as contribute to healthier lifestyles. Urban farming becomes a key way to achieve this. The plants grown here can page be utilised in local restaurants, 19 food production companies and can also be turned into energy through the biomass facility.

Education will be fed into the scheme to enhance skills and create new career paths. The energy plant will accommodate for new jobs so education will be working along side it to ensure careers for future employees.

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SITE ANALYSIS

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URBAN FARMING SYMBIOSIS NETWORK USER

20

RETAIL PARK

The site is surrounded by major routes that cause daily trafficjams. It’s north end acts a transitional node, with Tottenham Hale tube station as an important transportation hub towards the City and Stansted airport, and the Tottenham High street in the West - as part of the A10 route. It includes a major retail park with parking facilities and a few livework units in the south.

DETAILED DESIGN

TUBE STATION

FOUNTAYNE ROAD

PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMED SEMI-PRIVATE PRIVATE COURT

It includes a core infrastructure: (north to south route through retail park connecting Fountayne Road and the train station; a district heat, energy and water

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The implemented masterplan page development works within a 21 particular framework to ensure the new programs implented maintain a strong link to the surrounding urban context.

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Master of Architecture

distribution network. This is the core spatial proposition. Along a core overground/underground north-to-south route the heat and energy from the surrounding industries is gathered and redistributed among the buildings on the site. Any excess energy and heat production will be used to provide for local residential areas. Thus, resulting to the slogan: “Industry by day/heating page homes at night” 22 An ‘energy autonomy’ is thusly created within the site, hackig into the New Carbon Agenda for Haringey and providing a social, sustainable, economic and green solution.

Industries function as public spaces, while exposing the manufacturing processes, creating spectacle along the main

site route. Allotments for urban farming are provided as well as culture spaces, public spaces and promenades.

MASTERPLAN

The primary programs implamented on site are a result of an equal distribution of the educational and cultural spaces around the public realm and

A primary north to south route defines the layout of the new urban blocks. The route carries the primary attraction and primary public aspect of the industrial symbiosis scheme, the industrial spectacle.

DETAILED DESIGN

The entire site is taken over by pedestrian routes penetrating through the block typologies, creating focal points and gravity centres through the site. Vehicle access is limited to industrial purposes as well as highly regulated.

different degrees of industry.

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The masterplan follows a sensitive approach to the site. Carrying out the main thematology of the urban strategy, that concentrates around the proposal for industrial symbiosis, the programmes implamented on the design are growing organically around the core industrial building - the biomass plant.

Master of Architecture

BIOMASS PLANT & WASTE COLLECTION CENTRE: 24-hrs

HOUSING: 24-hrs CAFE: 09:00-17:00 PUB: 12:00 - 01:00 FOOD PRODUCTION : 09:00-20:00

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FURNITURE MANUFACTURING: 09:00-17:00 ARTISAN: 09:00-17:00

MARKET: 04:00-20:00 RESTAURANTS: 10:00-23:00

STORAGE: 04:00-20:00

pedestrian circulation

leisure - cafes/restaurants/shops culture - art workshops locational education recreational green space allotments and urban farming industry - craftsmanship workshops industry - manufacturing process industry - biomass facilities locational market

spectacle

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residential live work units

DETAILED DESIGN

vehicle routes

Spatial Mechanisms of the Industrial Symbiosis biomass plant

Master of Architecture

primary product

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waste/heat collection

excess heat

heat input

heat output

electricity output

organic waste input

[01_utility courtyard of the industrial block]

[02_penetrable facade as a way in to public route]

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The new entrance to the site begins with a penetrable block and a public realm occupied by culture and leisure programs. The public space is repeated through a series of openings above the industrial block.

DETAILED DESIGN

Each industrial block on site incorporates a utility courtyard for loading/ unloading resources each manufacturing process requires. In this image, the biomass factory mirros the waste collection centre through a secondary vehicle access route.

[03_open market as a node] A primary north to south route deďŹ nes the layout of the new urban blocks. The route carries the primary attraction and primary public aspect of the industrial symbiosis scheme, the industrial spectacle.

COURT PUBLIC SPACE

Master of Architecture

Site Identification

Site elements: low rise units (9m high) featuring colonade promenade.

Main occupant: pedestrian local resident.

Programs: open market, live work units, vocational courses, manufacturing facilities, biomass plant.

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The Hub - Nikolas Stagkos

The Urban Biosphere - Kellie Donovan Industrialised Bath House - Thomas Whettingsteel

Industrial spectacle crossing node between vehicle and pedestrian access.

TFL/ HOMES

WASTE

OUTPUTS

SITE

EDUCATION/ TRAINING

BIOMASS MANUFACTURING

LOCAL RESIDENT SYMBIOTIC GROWTH & RESEARCH NETWORK

MARKET STANDS PREFAB MODULAR DIY

JOB LOCAL BUSINESSES/ INDUSTRIES

APER BILLS CHE

LOCAL BUSINESSES/ INDUSTRIES FUNDS PRODUCT FACILITY MANAGING PRODUCTS & ENERGY OUTPUTS

SYMBIOTIC GROWTH & RESEARCH NETWORK

TFL & NATIONAL GRID

TE AS W

D UN EF

FACILITY STE MANAGING WA FUND WASTE INPUTS RE & REFUNDS LOCAL R RESIDENT

E LEC T RIC

IT Y

FUND

S

DETAILED DESIGN

HEAT

BIOMASS FUEL INPUTS

NETWORK Symbiotic Growth & Research Network (S.G.R.N.) Upon the masterplan, my colleagues and I have attempted to construct a mini-symbiosis between 3 seperate building schemes that operate on the foundations, rules a nd strategies of ‘Tottenham Hale: symbiosis test-bed’. The 3 separate buildings are sharing educational, industrial, and economic/ environmental components as well as a public space and are based upon symbiotic page relationships.

29 However, for the masterplan programs and facilities to operate, I have devised an active network of actors and facilities that runs the Industrial Symbiosis scheme wihtin the site, the Symbiotic Growth and Research Network [S.G.R.N] - see project synopsis.

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ELECTRICITY

Master of Architecture

Shared Building Scheme Based upon this establishment, the network runs in the principles of circular economy creating an on-site system of social and technical interfaces.

MANUFACTURING FACILITY

MICROBREWERY BREWERY RESEARCH AQUAPONICS/ HYDROPONICS

Industrialised Bath House: glass production | vocational courses |thermal baths

Urban Biosphere: hydroponics | microbrewery | page pub 30 Hub: chp prototype, powdered glass production | research & open source labs | open market UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

BIOMASS PLANT

The Symbiotic Growth and Research Network operates in accordance to the educational, industrial and economic/ environmental components set out by the urban strategy. Its

THERMAL BATHS

SQUARE

GLASS BLOWING SPECTACLE GLASS PRODUCTION

OFFICE

LIVE/ WORK

LIVE/ WORK

HIERARCHY IN PROGRAM ALLOCATION

1) EDUCATIONAL LIVE/ WORK

CULTURE/ LEISURE

COURSES

MARKET STORAGE

2) INDUSTRIAL 3) ECONOMIC/ ENVIRONMENTAL

EDUCATION TRAINING

BIOMASS (CHP) WASTE TREATMENT

EDUCATION TRAINING INTERFACE

FACILITY MANAGING WASTE INPUTS

OPEN MARKET

BIOMASS FUEL (WASTE)

WASTE COLLECTION

INTERFACE (COMMITTEE)

GAS

ELECTRICITY HEAT

URBAN FARMING

LOCAL INDUSTRIES/ BUSINESSES

MANUFACTURING ≠ UNEMPLOYMENT JOB

TFL

FACILITY MANAGING PRODUCTS & ENERGY OUTPUTS

HOMES (NATIONAL GRID)

(CHP) SITE SYMBIOTIC GROWTH & RESEARCH NETWORK (COMMITTEE) (INTERFACE)

WASTE (SOLID)

CHEAPER BILLS MARKET STANDS MANUFACTURING (WASTE GRID) PREFAB MODULAR DIY

DETAILED DESIGN

LOCAL RESIDENT

REFUND

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WASTE DROP-OFF

responsibilities extend from the symbiosis created within the 3 building schemes to my design proposal, which acts as the primary controlling facility of the Network, the Hub - see project synopsis.

The S.G.R.N. is responsible for the educational activities on site, such as vocational courses, and setting out a fruitful symbiotic environment between local residents and industry, primarily through education.

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CONFERENCE

CLASSROOMS

AUDITORIUM

TECHNICAL ITNERFACE

SOCIAL INTERFACE

MANUFACTURING RESEACH LABS

S ES

LOCAL RESIDENT AS

Its social component however goes beyond educational responsibilities toward the local residents. The Network, page in co-operation with my design 32 proposal, the Hub, introduces residents and students to the teachings of industrial symbiosis and on-site symbiotic relationships. In addition, through the industrial and economic components, the network is dealing with local area problems - see context - such as heat loss and fuel poverty phenomena.

Research taking place in the Hub, invests on insulation boards,

PUBLIC VIEWING

UNIVERSITIES

CL

Master of Architecture

Social Component

O IOL

LOCAL B HIGHSCHOOLS

GY

SOCIAL INTERFACE

FREE DIY

JOB AT LOCAL INDUSTRIES/ BUSINESSES

HEAT LOSS

INSULATION BOARDS SOCIAL INTERFACE

CLASSROOMS CONFERENCE

STUDENTS

SOCIAL INTERFACE

LOCAL RESIDENT

AUDITORIUM RESEARCHERS

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SCIENTISTS

DETAILED DESIGN

Education / Research made out of powdered glass, for those to be distributed in low price rates to local homes that suffer from heat loss issues.

Master of Architecture

Industrial Component The S.G.R.N. is responsible for the processes of exchanging product inputs and outputs within the variety of industrial and manufacturing processes on site, the exchange of valuable feedback among industries and research facilities.

HEAT FOR BUILDING

ELECTRICITY FOR BUILDING

SMALL PROTOTYPE CHP REACTOR

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The biomass energy prduced in SOLID WASTE BURNING UNIT the Hub and the main on-site POWDERED GLASS biomass plant provides the site MANUFACTURING TECHNICAL ITNERFACE FACILITIES ON SITE RESEARCH LABS with an energy autonomy.

The page PROTOTYPE DIY CHIP 34 main waste inputs are produced BOARDS MANUFACTURING WASTE COLLECTION on site - manure - cutting back INSULATION BOARDS PROTOTYPE ASSEMBLY on transportation costs and COMPOST secondary expenses. In addition GLASS RECYCLING SOCIAL INTERFACE FEEDBACK URBAN HYDROPONICS and collaboration with the social TO LOCAL FARMING HEAT LOSS INDUSTRIES/ and economic components of the BUSINESSES LOCAL netwrok, there is cheaper energy RESIDENT - heat and electricity - being distributed to the local homes as a result of locally produced biomass energy.

Research / Prototype / Testing

ENERGY

WASTE

DETAILED DESIGN

GLASS

FERTILIZER

MANURE

CHP REACTOR

POWDERED GLASS

BRICKS WATER FILTRATION

SOLID BOARDS FOR DIY

FOOD OILS FOR BIOFUEL

REDIRECT EXCESS HEAT

MINIZE WASTE OUTPUT INPUT WASTE CONTRL

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INSULATION BOARDS

Master of Architecture

Economic/Environmental Component The S.G.R.N. is responsible most impotantly about the funding generated for the ‘Tottenham Hale: symbiosis test-bed’ urban scheme.

PRO

RECYCLING The funding of the scheme is BIOMASS PLANT almost entirely based upon the POWDERED GLASS WASTE COLLECTION energy production processes.

Only excess energy from the biomass facilities is consumed on OPEN BRICKS site - 20%. The remaining 80% is MARKET split among two primary clients. page 36 Energy is sold to the Transport for London - TFL - to power TS GLASS BLOWING the local tube station, as the HYDROPONIC PRODUCTS/ TFL is running its underground BREWERY URBAN stations on independent from FARMING the National Grid, electricity substations. Moreover, energy is sold to the National Grid and Haringey Council, resulting to lower transmission rates for the local wards - and cheaper bills!

DU

C

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TO INDUSTRIES/ BUSINESSES

GLASS BLOWING JOB

VOCATIONAL COURSES

S.G.R.N. LOCAL INDUSTRIES

Finally, the S.G.R.N. provides job services to local residents and graduates of on-site vocational courses, building up a stronger social fabric.

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DIY MANUFACTURING

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BIOMASS FACILITIES

DETAILED DESIGN

Job Interface As for the building scheme, the open market is an economic node as it ‘recycles’ the products produced and grown on site, growing them and selling them in the same place.

BUILDING PROPOSITION

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Master of Architecture

According to the S.G.R.N., the Hub carries on similarly to the network and the urban strategy, 3 components, as derivatives of the network’s programs and parameters. Thus, the building operates in a hierachical manner, by prioritizing the educational, industrial, and economic/ environmental components in relation to the shared public space within the collective scheme of the Hub, the Urban page Biosphere and the Industrialised 38 Bath House.

My building proposal, is a knowledge hub, a prototype and testing centre of the industrial symbiosis. It contains a chp prototype and small scale glass recycling processes, educational spaces, open source and private laboratories, as well as an open market for urban farming

products. In summary, is about community and science coming together under a knowledge hub. Educational and research programs are met under the same volume, in the centre of the building, with an industrial spectacle taking place within the same space and economic activities on ground level, turning the hub into a learning, industrial and economic node.

In the next pages I will analyse the building proposal as described in the diagram below.

The components of the building can be detected in its relationship to the site, the program allocation, the user activitiy, the architectural language of the building, its structural conepts, construction methods and technological requirements.

Each of these categories will be discussed in the following pages. Due to the complexity of building’s qualities and the level of intertwining processes I am going to break down the discussion in terms of the afore mentioned design aspects, from the building’s response to site and context, to building layout according to the 3 components to eventually bring the discussion to a space by space commentary on program, user activity, architectural tectonics and structure in the following chapter, Design Process.

The site will be discussed in terms of access and programs. Moving into the building a commentary in the plan will follow in terms of regulatory requirements.

Program, user activity, tectonics and structure will be discussed

DETAILED DESIGN

in a space by space basis. The spaces are categorised according to the respective component(-s) they belong.

URBAN STRATEGY

MASTERPLAN

DESIGN BRIEF

3 COMPONENTS

SITE PROGRAM USER ACTIVITY TECTONICS STRUCTURE

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Master of Architecture

Site | Strategic Decision Making The building is located in the south side of the public square created among the collective building scheme. As there is the possibility of a secondary public realm behind the back of the building, the central part of the duilding is elevated to create flow and a non-interupted transitional route between the urban farming area and the public square.

?

PUBLIC SQUARE

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page 40 Building ground oor as a transitional public realm.

Industrial spectacle crossing node between vehicle and pedestrian access.

PUBLIC REALM VEHICLE ACCESS

Programs: open market, live work units, vocational courses, manufacturing facilities, biomass plant.

DETAILED DESIGN

Site | Bridging the Main Route In the testing model and diagrams below, what is emphasised is the users epxeriential journey, when passing underneath the primary building volume.

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Master of Architecture

Precedent Study | Maison De M. Louis Carre - Alvar Aalto, Bazoches-sur-Guyonne, France 1956 Alvar Aalto’s Maison Carré expresses the primary example of the ceiling changes underneath the central volume of the proposed building, the Hub.

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Lack of Walls The curve of the ceiling that runs from the entrance hall to the the seating area defines spatial voids beneath it. The lack of walls implies a flow in the circulation page and a connection among the 42 formal spaces of the building.

There is no corridor, however its notion is well maintained.

Notion of a corridor The steps become part of the flow in the circulation, resulting to a level change, increasing the hierarchy of the living room. They land exactly where the fireplace is located, in the heart of the house.

Original drawings: case study on Maison Carré during my 3rd Year BA(Hons) Architecture, Studio 12 - Luis Diaz, University of Brighton

DETAILED DESIGN

Site | Bridging the Main Route In a similar manner, ceiling changes occur above the open market to provide a quality of enclosure in this particular openair program of the building.

02

01_moment 02_moment 03_moment 04_moment

03

04

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01

Master of Architecture

Ground Conditions

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 44

LIVE/ WORK UNITS

MANURE COLLECTION

GLASS BOTTLE DROP-OFF

VOCATIONAL COURSES MAIN COMPOST FACILITY

MARKET STORAGE

GLASS PRODUCTION

HYDROPONICS BIOMASS PLANT MAIN CHP REACTOR

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS MANURE INPUT

MANUFACTURING FACILITY

AUDITORIUM CHP PROTOTYPE

OPEN MARKET

ground oor as a point of arrival

According the hierarchy of the program allocation, the volume above the market becomes transparent, a simple floor slab on a 6x6 column grid, hosting the industrial programs of the building, creating an industrial spectacle across the two public grounds.

DETAILED DESIGN

spectacle frontage

Ground Conditions | Industrial Spectacle community.

Moreover, the building’s ground aligns existing pathways created page with through the live/work units 45 - where the glass bottle drop-off is located with a 24hrs access - the masterplan buildings of the urban farming storage and vocational courses - where the digester facility for manure input is located - and the central part is wide open so not to interupt the pedestrian flow of the primary north/south site route.

JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

[cont.] This flow allows space for the creation of an open market for urban farming programs, on the ground floor of the building, making the space a public attraction for the local

Cont. | Open Plan | Economic Engagement

Master of Architecture

ECONOMIC transactions with the Local Residents: As people drop off glass bottles for recycling they recieve a small reward depending on the excess budget of the network.

ECONOMIC transactions with the Haringey Council & National Grid: 40% of the energy produced in the biomass plant, is sold to National Grid to generate funding for the S.G.R.N. research and industrial programmes. The energy is then supplied to local homes at cheaper rates.

Glass collection Classrooms Seminar rooms Digester facility

Open-source labs

Auditorium

Laboratories Offices

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 46

ECONOMIC transactions with TFL: 40% of the energy produced in the biomass plant, is sold to TFL to generate funding for the SG&RN’s research and industrial programmes.

FACILITIES

MAIN ENTRANCE INFORMATION DESK

CORE CIRCULATION TO COMMUNITY FACILITIES

CORE CIRCULATI ON TO SCIENCE FACILITIES GLASS RECYCLING 24hrs GLASS BOTTLE DROP-OFF

8:00am 12:00am INPUT & OUTPUT

URBAN FARMIN WASTE INPUT DIGESTER FACILITY BIOGAS STORAGE TANK

6:00am 10:00am INPUT & OUTPUT

DETAILED DESIGN

Building Access and Regulatory Requirements two core circulation accesses, that work in the prototype and one for the visitor (member of testing centre. The idea is that the local community) and one the community meets science in for the researchers and scientists the centre of the building that becomes a learning, research and FIRE ESCAPE FROM economic node.

INDUSTRIAL

page 47 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

The ground floor plan provides a rationale for building access and suggestive uses, in relation to the square in the north. There are

Pairing Activities | Community and Science COMMUNITY INFORMATION

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The design strategy for the industrial spectacle in the elevated main volume over the site’s main north to south route, derives primarily from the urban strategy. However, an additional design intervention appears in the need of the building user. Not only the visitor must maintain views to the building’s interior processes, but the lab user has the need for constant visual demands page to the outside, according to his/ 48 her intensified working schedule.

AUDITORIUM

CLASSROOMS

SEMINAR ROOM

PUBLIC SPACE

SOCIAL INTERACTION

SCIENCE LAB

SEMINAR ROOM

RESEARCH

OPEN SOURCE LABS

LAB OFFICE CONFERENCE

CLASSROOMS INCLUSIVE KNOWLEDGE

RESEARCH ROOMS OPEN SOURCE LABS PRIVATE LABS

PUBLIC SPACE SOCIAL INTERACTION

VIEWS TO POWDERED GLASS PROCESSES

CONFERENCE ROOMS

page 49 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

AUDITORIUM BROAD KNOWLEDGE

DETAILED DESIGN

Building Access and Regulatory Requirements

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture DESIGN PROCESS

Three Components

page 50

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DETAILED DESIGN

Master of Architecture

Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure | Index The primary users of the Hub are four. The local resident, the student, the scientist and the employee who works in the industrial processes. Those users are cross-referenced to each of the 3 components of the Hub - educational, industrial, economic/environmental - to then be matched with a respective space for their activities and attended programs.

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 52 In the following pages, what will follow is the space by space commentary on program, user activity, architectural tectonics and structure, according to the afore mentioned match between components and user.

USERS

COMPONENTS

Local Resident

Educational

Student

Industrial

Scientist

Employee

Economic/ Environmental

Open market

Open source labs

Research - laboratories

DETAILED DESIGN

Auditorium - classroom - open source labs

Urban farming (manure) - glass drop off (recycling)

Industrial floor

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Master of Architecture

Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure | Discussion In terms of program, the educational component addresses the community.

The user is bound to undergo through 3 stages of learning and knowledge exchange - from broad knowledge in the auditorium, to inclusive knowledge in the classrooms and to practical engagement in the open source labs. Respectively, the scientist/ researcher - user follows a

similar educational path, from the conference rooms to private study rooms and laboratories, to engage in the open source labs with member of the community on issues evolving around the industrial symbiosis concepts and mechanisms.

well as the local resident when participating in the urban farming or glass recylcing processes, whereas the environmental and economic compoent concerns exclusively the local resident.

The indusrtial component addresses primarily the scientist and employee of the Hub, as

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 54

laboratories open source labs oďŹƒces shops industrial storage

classrooms auditorium

industrial processes open market

information lobby

EDUCATIONAL SPECTACLE

ACCESS

Educational component

speaker

Student

Local Resident

Scientist

DETAILED DESIGN

speaker

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AUDITORIUM Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure The auditorium is examined in terms of access, as it is attached to one of the two circulation cores of the Hub, as well as in terms of its public element, the educational spectacle. In a similar manner to the industrial spectacle of the main volume, the auditorium’s transparent facade becomes a visual attraction as seen from the main route of the site.

EDUCATIONAL SPECTACLE

CLASSROOMS Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The classrooms volume is examined in terms of access, views to the auditorium and the main volume and structural concept. The volume is hanging and designed to operate as a physical and conceptual bridge between the auditorium and the open source labs, linking the spaces both physically and programmatically. The level changes of the volume are meant page to provide maximum sunlight as 56 well as views to the outside, the route passing underneath and the industrial floor.

BRIDGE 1.

Educational component

2.

Local Resident

5.

4.

3.

3.

2.

1. main route

4.

Student

DETAILED DESIGN

VIEWS

ACCESS

from: auditorium

to: open source labs open source labs industrial oor

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page 57

Technical Strategy | 1:20 construction section | U-value Calculation

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The u-value calculation will be taken a structural elements wall - of the classrooms volume.

The reason for choosing this particular space, in contrary to the main volume with the industrial floor and the open source labs is the following: the main volume, although being the significant node of the building within which the Hub’s components - educational, page industrial and environmental/ 58 economic - are brought together in terms of program, user activity and architectural tectonics, it remains an industrial floor with minimum heating and insulation requirements. The classrooms volume on the other hand, it is a programmed space, hosting long lessons and audiences and requires appropriate heating and cooling.

Thickness

Thermal conductivity (w/mK)

Thermal resistance (m2K/W)

Internal surface Gypsum board Mineral ďŹ ber insulation Sheathing layer PIR rigid insulation board Metal sheet Exterior surface Total

n/a 0.05m 0.18m 0.02m 0.07m 0.05m n/a 0.38m

n/a 0.17 0.04 0.055 0.021 45 n/a

n/a 0.29 4.5 0.036 3.33 0.011 n/a 8.18

U-value = 1 / RT = 0.12 W/m2

page 59 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

Lightweigh wall panel with metal sheet cladding

DETAILED DESIGN

Wall Details: from interior to exterior surface 50mm Gypsum board (fire-resistant) 180mm Mineral fiber insulation 20mm Sheathing layer 70mm PIR rigid insulation board 50mm Metal sheet (aluminium cladding)

Precedent Study: Wiel Arets Architects - Utrecht University Library, Netherlands 2004

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The Utrecht University Library has been used a primary precedents for three reasons. Firstly, the exterior metal-sheet cladding constrasting the glass facade of the educational volume, is a similar visual effect to the desired visual qualities of the Hub. Secondly, the architectural tectonics of the section provided with useful feedback on the concept of the ‘box-within-a-box’ page as the open source labs work 60 within the main industrial volume of the Hub. Circulation other than the main function of getting the user from one space to the other, nearly provides with an experiential journey through the building, maintaining inter-spatial and user relationships.

ACCESS || VIEWS

public square

Educational Local Resident component

Student

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DETAILED DESIGN

public square

OPEN SOURCE LABS Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure The volume of the open source labs is examined in terms of access, views to the industrial floor and to the outside, and its structural, programmatic and design concept. The volume is literally a box within a box - a smaller volume within the main central volume of the Hub. It is suspended above the industrial floor, attached to a circulation core and supported primary by the column grid and i-beams system that holds up the main page volume. It is accessed from 61 both the classrooms and the laboratories.

Master of Architecture

The circulation corridors are made out of steel beams and glass floor and is taking the role of a secondary structural element that ties the volume with the east and west end of the building.

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Conceptually, as the volume becomes the main meeting point of community and science within the building, views become very important not only to maintain page the conceptual link between 62 education, industry and public square, but also to satisfy user demands (lab user in need of view to the outside as it becomes necessary when spending long hours in the lab.

to: classrooms

to: laboratories

120mm thermal insulation Sound insulation beecomes critically important for noise pollution within the open source labs volume: 20mm impact sound insulation

DETAILED DESIGN

For environmental purposes heat transfer from the industrial floor to the open source labs - the bottom floor board includes the following:

page 63 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

1:20 Sectional Detail of Circulation Attached to the Open Source Labs The floor slab between the floors of the open source labs is a lightweight floor construction that includes only 60mm thermal insulation as there’s is minimum heat transfer within the labs.

OPEN MARKET Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The open market is examined in terms of access and public ground. The market is situated underneath the main volume, alligning to existing building pathways and the public square in its north face. In addition, the curtain wall facade of the main volume, is designed to provide a sense of enclosure within the market, which despite that is outdoors, it is not treated as an page isolated part of the building.

64

Economic/ Environmental

Local Resident to: glass recyling from: live-work units

to: digester facility

main route

Volume Strategy & Ceilng Changes

step down to create a territorial change

DETAILED DESIGN

pedestrian ow

notion of a wall concept of outter shell

transparent shell - sense of enclosure

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page 65

DIGESTER FACILITY Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The digester facility is examined in terms of processes and technical mechanisms. The spatial demand for the digester facility in the Hub, derives from the needs of CHP prototype reactor in the industrial floor, within the main volume of the building. The facility is accompanied by a set Urban farming (manure) of processes that can be traced back to the urban farming actions SPATIAL SEQUENCE of the local resident. Moreover, page the technical mechanisms of the digester manure 66 methane production process, in combination with the site characteristics - existig paths and routes - have resulted in design decisions, such as the creation of the central circulation in the eastern part part of the building. To maintain the concept of the industrial spectacle, the circulation corridor has a glass floor, to provide visuals from the floors to the pipes’ journey - from

Scientist

Local Resident

chp prototype

Employee

laboratories

Compost

Urban farming

Manure

Research feedback

Methane

The digester facility is a singlestorey unit in the edge of the building, adjacent to the site’s utility road. It is isolated from the busier parts of the building due to potential smells and unwanted noise polution.

CHP reactor Digester

Condensation steam turbine

Generator

DETAILED DESIGN

Local Resident

page 67 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

Digester

User - Program | Technical Processes the digester to the CHP reactor and as a result it acts as a lightwell. This concept has been applied to all of the building’s corridors.

Master of Architecture

Spatial Mechanics The pipes from the digester facility lead to the CHP prototype reactor on the industrial floor, where the energy production process takes place.

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Adjacent to the digester facility there is the spatial and technical need for a control and monitor room, in which the industrial employee controls the digester’s gas levels and waste inputs and page outputs, as well as the CHP 68 product and waste output flows energy and gas.

DETAILED DESIGN

Pathway The pathway shares the same structural concept as the corridors of the open source laps.

However, the steal beams here do not play a structural role. In this axonometric the bottom layer shows that the direction of the corridor is following the pipes from the digester to the CHP reactor, whereas the top layer is showing the walls adjacent to the corridor. The 1:20 sectional detail below visualises the joint of the steel beam of the corridor on the page concrete wall of the laboratories 69 volume and the methane pipe passing right below the glass surface.

100mm exposed concrete wall 10mm damp proof membrane 60mm cavity 60mm thermal insulation 25mm interior cladding

JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

100mm exposed concrete wall 10mm damp proof membrane 60mm cavity 60mm thermal insulation 25mm interior cladding

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture Visualising the Light-well

page 70

DETAILED DESIGN page 71 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

The Hub as seen in context from the urban farming area. The live-work units on the left are facing the cultural block, and the vocational courses block deriving from the masterplan. The industrial spectacle in the south facade is of the podwered glass process.

Master of Architecture

RECAP The suspended volume creates an open plan allowing the open market to grow and act as a public ground for economic exchange.

Diagramatic section of the educational component. The educational facilities for both science and community, belong to their respective side of the Hub. The main volume acts as a meeting point for knowledge page exchange.

72 UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

oďŹƒces

laboratories

open source industrial procresses

classes

auditorium

Local Resident

Employee

DETAILED DESIGN page 73 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

Glass drop o (recycling)

POWDERED GLASS FACILITY Program | User Activity | Tectonics | Structure The powdered glass facility is examined in terms of processes and technical mechanisms. It is constisted of a 24-hours openaccess glass bottle drop-off station, which is immediately linekd to the powdered glass mechanisms. As a space it lacks almost entirely of human experience as it is only intended to host an industrial process. It is linked to the main industrial floor.

Master of Architecture

User - Program | Technical Processes

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 74

The arrival to the glass dropoff station is through the path between the existing live-work units of Fountayne road. Such an intentional placement, aspires to motivate people toward recycling and not only the drop-off can happen at such close distance but also, the fact that the powdered glass making process becomes an exposed spectacle, that carries an educational notion.

Glass bottle

Powder collector

Local resident

Glass bottle drop o

Recycling

Conveyor belt

Research

Sorting

Feedback

Separator

Cullet mill

Crusher

ClassiďŹ er

Manufacturing

DETAILED DESIGN powdered glass process open source labs

glass drop-o

live-work units

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page 75

INDUSTRIAL FLOOR Industrial Occupation

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The way that both the energy production process and the powdered glass making are located within the industrial floor, provides with an industrial spectacle in both the south and the north face of the main volume. The CHP prototype reactor is facing the square of the shared building scheme, yet the powdered glass maing is facing the secondary public realm in the page back of the Hub. 76

JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

DETAILED DESIGN

MAIN VOLUME Assembling the Structure The main volume’s floor slab is penetrated by one of the circulation cores of the Hub. This core, other than a structural responsibility also acts as a fire escape designated to the open source labs and the industrial floor. In addition there is another fire escape leading to the public square on the north east corner of the volume, designated for both the industrial floor and the laboratories. The way the volume is supported on 16 concrete page columns 300mm wide, placed 77 on a grid at 6 meters apart, with 4 i-beams in the first floor and 4 i-beams on the roof, running across in a north to south direction. There is a rectangular steel frame places in the north and south faces of the volume, to which the curtain wall facade is attached.

Master of Architecture

Column Grid | Ground Floor Plan

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 78

Below is the ground floor plan for the 4x5 column grid that holds up the main volume of the Hub. The columns are placed on a 6 meters by 6 meters square grid. The circulation core in the centre of the plan functions a a replacement for what - if missing - would have been 6 additional columns.

OPEN SOURCE LABS: INSULATED VOLUME THERMAL AND SOUND

LOW WINTER SUN

MECHANICAL VENTILATION: COLD AIR FLOR

CURTAIN WALL FACADE: STEEL SUPPORT STRUCTURE CONTROLLING NATURAL SUNLIGHT INPUT UPON INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

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page 79

MECHANICAL VENTILATION: HOT AIR FLOR

HIGH SUMMER SUN

DETAILED DESIGN

Ventilation Strategy As indirect heat is produced due to the machines and industrial processes operating on the industrial floor, the main volume requires mechanical ventilation systems. Those systems are placed within the floor and roof slabs.

Facade Structure

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Master of Architecture

The curtain wall facade strategy works under the conceptual influence of providing an industrial spectacle. Thus the facade should be a glass facade, carrying transparent qualities, yet controlling the sun light from north and south so that it will not be falling directly onto the industrial machinery. The strategies that have been tested to the facade include speratae page shadow droppers behind or in80 between the glass panels and cross-bracing support structure of the curtain.

CROSS-BRACING with incorporated shadow droppers for controlled sunlight

6m

DETAILED DESIGN page 81 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

Yet, the one that dominated is a thin steel column - tilted frame, framing 1m x 2,80m glass panels, and supported every 6m by a rectancular steel frame, which is then attached to the structural columns of the main volume.

Master of Architecture

1:20 Detail of Curtain Wall Facade Structure | Roof Joist

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 82

The roof is a light structure supported by a series of i-beams, as it has already been explained.

The curtain wall facade is attached on the roof slab.

15mm protective and sealing layer (metal sheet) 50mm waterproofing layer 140 mm ventilation cavity 500mm metal cross bracing support structure 140mm thermal insulation 45mm vapour layer 230mm i-beam (loadbearing layer) 20mm fireproof paint

DETAILED DESIGN

1:20 Detail of Curtain Wall Facade Structure | Floor Joist As the concrete floor slab ends, the structural i-beam extends to provide a ‘seat’ to the curtain wall facade that hangs from the roof.

page 83 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

750mm reinforced concrete _______________________ 100mm cladding panel 150 mm separating layer 50mm sound insulation 570mm i-beam (load bearing layer) 20mm fireproof paint

Master of Architecture

Precedent Study | Richard Rogers - The PA Technology Facility in Hightstown, NJ - 1982] Richard Rogers’ PA Technology Facility has been an inspiration and point of reference for the creation of the industrial - lightweight - roof slab. The roof layers on top of the steel frame have been of great aid as they helped me achieve an understanding of how sucha roof typology may operate.

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page 84

Richard Rogers, The PA Technology Facility in Hightstown, roof detail. image taken from: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/PATCENT/PA.html

JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

DETAILED DESIGN

Precedent Study | Fumihiko Maki & Associates - The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA - 2009] The MIT Media Lab has been a great example when visualising the curtain wall facade. However what can be learned from this building, is the use of glass in the interior of the building, to maintain a high-level experiential and academic relationship among the various spaces rooms, circulation and atrium.

It is a similar result, I was set to achieve with the use of glass walls in the open source labs and the classrooms, to maintain page a visual relationship among each 85 other and with the industrial floor below them, as well as to preserve the concepts of education and research within the main volume of the Hub - the learning, industrial and economic node.

END OF DISCUSSION Final Building Section BUILDING CIRCULATION AS A LIGHTWELL

Master of Architecture

CORRIDOR AS SECONDARY SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF MAIN VOLUME.

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 86

CONCRETE SHEER WALL WITH METAL CLADDING PRECEDENT STUDY: UTRECHT LIBRARY

SELF SUPPORTED STRUCTURAL VOLUMES (LABS AND OFFICES) CONCRETE WALL FRAME STRUCTURE LIGHTWEIGHT FLOORS SLABS CAVITY WALLS IN-BETWEEN

CIRCULATION CORE - FIRE ESCAPE

LIGHTWEIGHT INDUSTRIAL ROOF SUPPORTED ON I-BEAMS

CLASSROOMS: LIGHTWEIGHT SUSPENDED VOLUME

DETAILED DESIGN

PRECEDENTS PA TECHNOLOGY FACILITY

AUDITORIUM: TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE SUPPORTING THE SEATING AREA

CIRCULATION CORE - FIRE ESCAPE

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page 87

Master of Architecture

APPENDIX

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 88

Sectional study of pathway leading from the digester facility to the open market.

DETAILED DESIGN

Sectional study of the Hub’s paths and lightwells as seen from the south.

JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

page 89

Initial plan of the Hub, conceived as a grid-structure.

Master of Architecture UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 90

Initial ground floor plan: hatching over the open market and ground floor pathways.

Initial plan of the second floor testing the spatial transition from the auditorium to the open source labs regarding views to the powdered glass making process.

DETAILED DESIGN page 91 JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

Initial plan of the third floor testing the classroom arrangement in relation to the open source labs and the industrial volume.

Section for the final review, March 2015 testing a water filtration system (underground) to satisfy needs of the CHP reactor , as well as the needs of the private labs.

Master of Architecture

Section for the ďŹ nal review, March 2015 looking at the industrial machinery throughout the building.

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

page 92

Section for the ďŹ nal review, March 2015 looking at the industrial machinery within the main volume, pipes going through the facade, in relation to the open source labs.

DETAILED DESIGN JUNE 2015 | TERM 02

page 93

Third floor plan for the final review, March 2015 overlooking at the connection between the auditorium and the private offices on the far right.

REFERENCES

Master of Architecture

Urban Strategy document (Tom, Kellie, Nikolas) Arch_411, December 2015 Anderson, B. (2006). Conventions for U-value calculations. [online] Available at: https://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/ pdf/rpts/BR_443_%282006_Edition%29.pdf [Accessed 19 May 2015].

Architecture.com, (2015). U-values: definition and calculation. [online] Available at: http://www.architecture.com/ RIBA/Aboutus/SustainabilityHub/Designstrategies/Earth/1-1-1-10-Uvalues(INCOMPLETE).aspx [Accessed 19 May 2015].

Columbia.edu, (2015). Rogers’ U.S. Debut. [online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/PATCENT/ PA.html [Accessed 19 May 2015].

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH

Engineeringtoolbox.com, (2015). Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases. [online] Available at: page http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html [Accessed 19 May 2015].

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