NUS DoA M.ARCH1 OPTIONS STUDIO - DRONE CITY

YEAR 4 OPTIONS STUDIO COMPILATION OF SAMPLES

M.ARCH 1, STUDIO JOSEPH LIM

DRONE CITY

IMAGE CREDIT: KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD

MASTERS DESIGN PROJECTS

INTERESTS

PROJECT ATTRIBUTES

Masters Design Projects include those explored in two Options Design Research Studios (M.Arch 1), the Advanced Architecture Studio and the Thesis project in M.Arch 2. All studios may explore issues relevant to the interests of the Research Clusters, adjunct teachers and professors in practice. Students are encouraged to capitalise on faculty expertise in widening the scope of investigations which collectively strengthen the Thesis Project in M.Arch 2.

A good Masters project is one where:

Essential and Elective modules are useful in underpinning your Masters studio investigations. Although Options Design Research studios may be varied in content and method, students are advised to be selective and to use them as ‘learning runways’ to identify a Thesis topic and to apply accumulated knowledge there. The Advanced Architecture Studio preceding the Thesis may be used to explore thesis drivers in greater detail and focus.

It is expected that the Thesis project will be the most comprehensive and extensive study of all the Masters Design Projects. _______________________________________________________________________________________

• the research process informs design strategy which can be followed through a coherent sequential process of explorations or iterations • the research generates an underlying order giving rise to a number of architectural or urban propositions • the research or issues engaged with, give rise to new solutions through design, some of which are singular, permutable or recombinant • it addresses the contextual specificities of site, material, spatial, culture and program and all of the above are communicated through architectural drawings, well-crafted models and annotations which curate a design process and outcome(s) that can be understood without a verbal presentation by the author Beyond a commitment to individual academic portfolios, Masters projects play an important role in characterising the discursive ethos of a design school. It is important that you do your best.

DESIGN AS INQUIRY Masters projects can be research investigations where design forms a principal mode of inquiry.

Methods can be heuristic or empirical or in mixed modes of inquiry.

There are a number of research methods in design investigations leading to different outcomes but they are by no means exhaustive: • textual/graphic analysis of theoretical concepts with investigations drawn from critical discourse using text references, works of art/representation • quantitative analysis to verify qualitative hypotheses with simulation, physical experiment, prototype testing and mixed methods • scenario-driven speculative design to suggest solutions to emergent need. The process in itself is a new way of seeing/thinking which generates many solutions. One version of a solution may be articulated spatially and in full materiality • new research knowledge is interpreted in architecture as a new way of thinking/making/experiencing • existing practices, processes or existing technologies are applied to design and which produce ‘unprecedented’ outcomes

_______________________________________________________________________________________

MASTERS DESIGN PROJECTS

INTERESTS

PROJECT ATTRIBUTES

Masters Design Projects include those explored in two Options Design Research Studios (M.Arch 1), the Advanced Architecture Studio and the Thesis project in M.Arch 2. All studios may explore issues relevant to the interests of the Research Clusters, adjunct teachers and professors in practice. Students are encouraged to capitalise on faculty expertise in widening the scope of investigations which collectively strengthen the Thesis Project in M.Arch 2.

A good Masters project is one where:

Essential and Elective modules are useful in underpinning your Masters studio investigations. Although Options Design Research studios may be varied in content and method, students are advised to be selective and to use them as ‘learning runways’ to identify a Thesis topic and to apply accumulated knowledge there. The Advanced Architecture Studio preceding the Thesis may be used to explore thesis drivers in greater detail and focus.

It is expected that the Thesis project will be the most comprehensive and extensive study of all the Masters Design Projects. _______________________________________________________________________________________

• the research process informs design strategy which can be followed through a coherent sequential process of explorations or iterations • the research generates an underlying order giving rise to a number of architectural or urban propositions • the research or issues engaged with, give rise to new solutions through design, some of which are singular, permutable or recombinant • it addresses the contextual specificities of site, material, spatial, culture and program and all of the above are communicated through architectural drawings, well-crafted models and annotations which curate a design process and outcome(s) that can be understood without a verbal presentation by the author Beyond a commitment to individual academic portfolios, Masters projects play an important role in characterising the discursive ethos of a design school. It is important that you do your best.

DESIGN AS INQUIRY Masters projects can be research investigations where design forms a principal mode of inquiry.

Methods can be heuristic or empirical or in mixed modes of inquiry.

There are a number of research methods in design investigations leading to different outcomes but they are by no means exhaustive: • textual/graphic analysis of theoretical concepts with investigations drawn from critical discourse using text references, works of art/representation • quantitative analysis to verify qualitative hypotheses with simulation, physical experiment, prototype testing and mixed methods • scenario-driven speculative design to suggest solutions to emergent need. The process in itself is a new way of seeing/thinking which generates many solutions. One version of a solution may be articulated spatially and in full materiality • new research knowledge is interpreted in architecture as a new way of thinking/making/experiencing • existing practices, processes or existing technologies are applied to design and which produce ‘unprecedented’ outcomes

_______________________________________________________________________________________

RESEARCH CLUSTERS

ASIA RESEARCH FOCUS

III. TECHNOLOGIES

The Department positions itself as a design and research think-tank for architectural and urban development issues emerging in South Asia and SE Asia contexts. Graduate coursework in design engages with key challenges in population growth, industry, infrastructure, housing and environment, climate change and rapid economic change with disruptive technologies. In engaging with trans-boundary economies and technological change, the Department addresses concerns with the environmental impact of new settlements and cities on the natural environment in the light of climate change and on the threat to heritage and cultural presentation. MArch studios anticipate planning solutions through design explorations at various scales of intervention. The Master’s coursework are thus aligned to a core of five teaching groups viz. History Theory Criticism, Research by Design, Design Technologies, Urbanism and Landscape Studies. _______________________________________________________________________________________

The Technologies cluster investigates environmentally performative/sustainable building forms and systems,and generative-evaluative processes for designing liveable environments. Its research employs traditional and emerging technologies contributing to a new understanding of the human ecosystem, and emerging computational methods and techniques for discovering the relationships between form and performance. It researches on the relationship between human and natural landscapes, at every scale, from the building component scale to the urban scale.

Special emphasis is placed on the context of high density Asian cities and the context of the Tropics.

I. HISTORY THEORY CRITICISM The History Theory Criticism cluster develops critical capacities to examine questions of architectural production, representation and agency within historical and contemporary milieu. Taking architecture and urbanism in Asia as its primary focus, members work in interdisciplinary and transnational modes. We explore a range of topics relating to colonial/postcolonial and modern/ postmodern Asian cities; aesthetics and technopolitics of tropical climate and the built environment; affective media including film, contemporary art and exhibitionary modes; heritage politics and emergent conservation practices. We develop discursive fronts through a variety of media and scales. The cluster research encompasses scholarly, creative and advocacy activities. Output includes monographs, edited volumes, research papers, architectural reviews in professional journals, curatorial practice, conservation work, film and photography, object-making, and policy-influencing advocacy work.

II. RESEARCH BY DESIGN The Research by Design cluster performs translational research through the practices of making as research rather than through traditional forms academic research. It links the importance of creating, drawing, and building with rigor, originality, and significance to produce innovative and creative designs that shape the built environment. Located strategically between the NorthSouth axis of rapidly urbanizing Asia and the East -West line of the tropical equator, the Research

by Design cluster performs research through practice in three main themes: • Novel aesthetics of climatic calibration and performance; • Contemporary architectonics of fabrication, material, and resources contingent on South East Asia; and • Emergent spaces of inhabitation and production surrounding the equator.

IV. URBANISM With a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and distinctive characters of emerging urbanism in Asia, the vision is to develop sustainable models and innovative urban strategies to cope with various environmental, social, economic and technological challenges that Asian cities face today and in the future. Emergent urban issues related to community & participation, conservation & regeneration, ageing & healthcare, built form, modelling & big data, and resilience & informality are investigated from multiple perspectives and inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations to question conventional norms and conceptions and establish new visions for a sustainable urban future.

V. LANDSCAPE STUDIES The Landscape Studies cluster undertakes research to generate new knowledge of landscapes as socio-ecological systems and promotes the use of knowledge in governance systems and landscape design that improve the well-being of humans and the ecological integrity of the environment. The geographic focus is primarily high-density urban regions in Asia, but members of cluster also work in the transitional zones within the rural-urban continuum, where urban regions are expanding at a rapid rate into rural landscapes. The overall research approach is both interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary — we are concerned with not just advancing theoretical concepts and knowledge, but also applying the knowledge in practice and public policy to shape the environment. Our research areas cover a wide spectrum of socio-ecological dimensions of landscape, from landscape science, landscape management, to design research and socio-behavioural studies.

RESEARCH CLUSTERS

ASIA RESEARCH FOCUS

III. TECHNOLOGIES

The Department positions itself as a design and research think-tank for architectural and urban development issues emerging in South Asia and SE Asia contexts. Graduate coursework in design engages with key challenges in population growth, industry, infrastructure, housing and environment, climate change and rapid economic change with disruptive technologies. In engaging with trans-boundary economies and technological change, the Department addresses concerns with the environmental impact of new settlements and cities on the natural environment in the light of climate change and on the threat to heritage and cultural presentation. MArch studios anticipate planning solutions through design explorations at various scales of intervention. The Master’s coursework are thus aligned to a core of five teaching groups viz. History Theory Criticism, Research by Design, Design Technologies, Urbanism and Landscape Studies. _______________________________________________________________________________________

The Technologies cluster investigates environmentally performative/sustainable building forms and systems,and generative-evaluative processes for designing liveable environments. Its research employs traditional and emerging technologies contributing to a new understanding of the human ecosystem, and emerging computational methods and techniques for discovering the relationships between form and performance. It researches on the relationship between human and natural landscapes, at every scale, from the building component scale to the urban scale.

Special emphasis is placed on the context of high density Asian cities and the context of the Tropics.

I. HISTORY THEORY CRITICISM The History Theory Criticism cluster develops critical capacities to examine questions of architectural production, representation and agency within historical and contemporary milieu. Taking architecture and urbanism in Asia as its primary focus, members work in interdisciplinary and transnational modes. We explore a range of topics relating to colonial/postcolonial and modern/ postmodern Asian cities; aesthetics and technopolitics of tropical climate and the built environment; affective media including film, contemporary art and exhibitionary modes; heritage politics and emergent conservation practices. We develop discursive fronts through a variety of media and scales. The cluster research encompasses scholarly, creative and advocacy activities. Output includes monographs, edited volumes, research papers, architectural reviews in professional journals, curatorial practice, conservation work, film and photography, object-making, and policy-influencing advocacy work.

II. RESEARCH BY DESIGN The Research by Design cluster performs translational research through the practices of making as research rather than through traditional forms academic research. It links the importance of creating, drawing, and building with rigor, originality, and significance to produce innovative and creative designs that shape the built environment. Located strategically between the NorthSouth axis of rapidly urbanizing Asia and the East -West line of the tropical equator, the Research

by Design cluster performs research through practice in three main themes: • Novel aesthetics of climatic calibration and performance; • Contemporary architectonics of fabrication, material, and resources contingent on South East Asia; and • Emergent spaces of inhabitation and production surrounding the equator.

IV. URBANISM With a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and distinctive characters of emerging urbanism in Asia, the vision is to develop sustainable models and innovative urban strategies to cope with various environmental, social, economic and technological challenges that Asian cities face today and in the future. Emergent urban issues related to community & participation, conservation & regeneration, ageing & healthcare, built form, modelling & big data, and resilience & informality are investigated from multiple perspectives and inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations to question conventional norms and conceptions and establish new visions for a sustainable urban future.

V. LANDSCAPE STUDIES The Landscape Studies cluster undertakes research to generate new knowledge of landscapes as socio-ecological systems and promotes the use of knowledge in governance systems and landscape design that improve the well-being of humans and the ecological integrity of the environment. The geographic focus is primarily high-density urban regions in Asia, but members of cluster also work in the transitional zones within the rural-urban continuum, where urban regions are expanding at a rapid rate into rural landscapes. The overall research approach is both interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary — we are concerned with not just advancing theoretical concepts and knowledge, but also applying the knowledge in practice and public policy to shape the environment. Our research areas cover a wide spectrum of socio-ecological dimensions of landscape, from landscape science, landscape management, to design research and socio-behavioural studies.

DRONE CITY New drone technology reduces passenger travel time in built up areas. The notion of a city region, its sub-centres and its infrastructure may be redefined by the capacity and range of drone models. The 2018 Uber Skyports sparked the imagination of the world with developments which capitalised on six hundred VTOLs per hour.

The airborne accessibility of drone vehicles also allows the retrofitting of elevated vehicular infrastructure to enable new recreational opportunities. Fast response medical and emergency aid can now be provided with standalone outposts unencumbered by road traffic delays.

This studio of eleven Masters students probed deeper into five urban structural types to explore how airborne transportation would transform their architecture. The five types were a residential tower, an Accident + Emergency Outpost, a logistics facility, a major vehicular viaduct and a Campus gateway building. Implicit in these investigations were questions concerning the nature of change in two areas: the airside to building interfaces and the sequence of interior spaces within.

The investigation of the five building types were enabled by separate frameworks of study comprising passenger and/or cargo capacities and flows, the interior activities specific to key programs which would relate to site adjacencies or the creation of ideal site configurations.

These key foci would start a chain reaction of questions on building exteriors shaped by landing and take-off safety constraints, entrance lobbies are now rethought as passenger departure and arrival spaces. The positions of such user and service lobbies are now rethought to enable mixed and complimentary activities developments. The arrival and departure halls are now adjacent to spaces for exhibition, display galleries and events.

These suggest new building types which can now take on a new scale of configuration and also impact on a city plan.

The capacities of the group and individual projects were compared with incumbent forms with respect to advantages in freeing ground floor space for city and access for land plots which were previously occupied by buildings which could not be integrated or vertically stacked. The facades,roof spaces and terraces of individual developments were now the subject of landing deck distribution and not prioritized for energy harnessing or green walls. With the advent of cargo drones, the reinvention of a logistics facility processing palletised cargo instead of container boxes enables very compact systems to replace large truck ramp ways which previously consumed 20% of a land plot footprint.

2

The speculative outcome of research-drivendesign methods is fundamental to MArch programs forming think-tank roles for future solutions.

Joseph Lim Dr Associate Professor Research Team Aaron Tan Nam King Chloe Lim En Goh Xue Lin, Coco Justina Teng Yimin Khor Chen Sian Gerald Lee Kwang Zheng Max Lew Bing Quan Li Jiaoxuan Liam Shu-Ling Rachel Loh Tze Yang Glenn Tang Jia-Yi, Rachel

3

DRONE CITY New drone technology reduces passenger travel time in built up areas. The notion of a city region, its sub-centres and its infrastructure may be redefined by the capacity and range of drone models. The 2018 Uber Skyports sparked the imagination of the world with developments which capitalised on six hundred VTOLs per hour.

The airborne accessibility of drone vehicles also allows the retrofitting of elevated vehicular infrastructure to enable new recreational opportunities. Fast response medical and emergency aid can now be provided with standalone outposts unencumbered by road traffic delays.

This studio of eleven Masters students probed deeper into five urban structural types to explore how airborne transportation would transform their architecture. The five types were a residential tower, an Accident + Emergency Outpost, a logistics facility, a major vehicular viaduct and a Campus gateway building. Implicit in these investigations were questions concerning the nature of change in two areas: the airside to building interfaces and the sequence of interior spaces within.

The investigation of the five building types were enabled by separate frameworks of study comprising passenger and/or cargo capacities and flows, the interior activities specific to key programs which would relate to site adjacencies or the creation of ideal site configurations.

These key foci would start a chain reaction of questions on building exteriors shaped by landing and take-off safety constraints, entrance lobbies are now rethought as passenger departure and arrival spaces. The positions of such user and service lobbies are now rethought to enable mixed and complimentary activities developments. The arrival and departure halls are now adjacent to spaces for exhibition, display galleries and events.

These suggest new building types which can now take on a new scale of configuration and also impact on a city plan.

The capacities of the group and individual projects were compared with incumbent forms with respect to advantages in freeing ground floor space for city and access for land plots which were previously occupied by buildings which could not be integrated or vertically stacked. The facades,roof spaces and terraces of individual developments were now the subject of landing deck distribution and not prioritized for energy harnessing or green walls. With the advent of cargo drones, the reinvention of a logistics facility processing palletised cargo instead of container boxes enables very compact systems to replace large truck ramp ways which previously consumed 20% of a land plot footprint.

2

The speculative outcome of research-drivendesign methods is fundamental to MArch programs forming think-tank roles for future solutions.

Joseph Lim Dr Associate Professor Research Team Aaron Tan Nam King Chloe Lim En Goh Xue Lin, Coco Justina Teng Yimin Khor Chen Sian Gerald Lee Kwang Zheng Max Lew Bing Quan Li Jiaoxuan Liam Shu-Ling Rachel Loh Tze Yang Glenn Tang Jia-Yi, Rachel

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STUDIO BRIEF

Contents

Read another way, drones promise a positive return of enchantment and the aedicule to architecture. As John Summerson considered the Gothic mind to be populated by angels and faeries, so a world with animate digital objects gives rise to not only drone aviaries, but all the nooks, nests, portals and docking stations needed to facilitate this infrastructure. - a paragraph in Phil Jackson’s Essay on Drone City in 2July 2014 Architectural Review sparks off imaginations

PREAMBLE

03

STUDIO BRIEF

05

LOGISTICS TEAM

06

We will interpret a future in many ways......

RESEARCH VERTICAL MODALITY LOGISTICS SKYHUB 2050

08 10 22

MEDICAL TEAM

32

The studio investigates the ongoing drone technology with extreme payloads to change not only the physical planning of infrastructure but the city. How will our dwellings, spaces of production, logistics and emergency networks be redefined? The individual schemes based on projections from researched material will provide important pre-thesis experience.

RESEARCH CRUCIFORM OUTPOST TARTAN FORM OUTPOST

34 41 45

RESIDENTIAL TEAM

48

RESEARCH DRONE SUPERTOWER BRAIDED TOWERS

50 52 62

VIADUCT TEAM

74

RESEARCH RECONFIGURABLE EVENTS SPACE RECONFIGURABLE SPECTATOR HOTEL

76 84 92

CAMPUS TEAM

100

RESEARCH

101

CAMPUS 2.0

108

4

5

STUDIO BRIEF

Contents

Read another way, drones promise a positive return of enchantment and the aedicule to architecture. As John Summerson considered the Gothic mind to be populated by angels and faeries, so a world with animate digital objects gives rise to not only drone aviaries, but all the nooks, nests, portals and docking stations needed to facilitate this infrastructure. - a paragraph in Phil Jackson’s Essay on Drone City in 2July 2014 Architectural Review sparks off imaginations

PREAMBLE

03

STUDIO BRIEF

05

LOGISTICS TEAM

06

We will interpret a future in many ways......

RESEARCH VERTICAL MODALITY LOGISTICS SKYHUB 2050

08 10 22

MEDICAL TEAM

32

The studio investigates the ongoing drone technology with extreme payloads to change not only the physical planning of infrastructure but the city. How will our dwellings, spaces of production, logistics and emergency networks be redefined? The individual schemes based on projections from researched material will provide important pre-thesis experience.

RESEARCH CRUCIFORM OUTPOST TARTAN FORM OUTPOST

34 41 45

RESIDENTIAL TEAM

48

RESEARCH DRONE SUPERTOWER BRAIDED TOWERS

50 52 62

VIADUCT TEAM

74

RESEARCH RECONFIGURABLE EVENTS SPACE RECONFIGURABLE SPECTATOR HOTEL

76 84 92

CAMPUS TEAM

100

RESEARCH

101

CAMPUS 2.0

108

4

5

DRONE CITY / MEDICAL OUTPOST LIAM SHU-LING RACHEL | CRUCIFORM LEE KWANG ZHENG MAX | TARTAN FORM

DRONE CITY / MEDICAL OUTPOST LIAM SHU-LING RACHEL | CRUCIFORM LEE KWANG ZHENG MAX | TARTAN FORM

DRONE CITY / MEDICAL OUTPOST Emergency Medical Drone Outpost (EMDO) is a concept design for a drone deployable Accident & Emergency (A&E) outpost situated by Ambulance drones, Ambu-drones. EMDO functions on maximum footprint efficiency at around 190m2, with total time spent in facility reduced by half.

CRUCIFORM

Liam Shu-Ling Rachel Deployment within Singapore to replace all 9 existing local A&E departments, freeing up site GFA for non-emergency care by 2030. This range would extend out of Singapore borders and into neighbouring countries such as Southern Malaysia and Northern Indonesia.

TARTAN FORM

Lee Kwang Zheng Max A deployable semi-permanent stand-by medical outpost for remote region emergency rescue missions, presiding over inaccessible areas. This form looks at expanding out of Singapore to ASEAN countries.

32

Overall Key System

33

DRONE CITY / MEDICAL OUTPOST Emergency Medical Drone Outpost (EMDO) is a concept design for a drone deployable Accident & Emergency (A&E) outpost situated by Ambulance drones, Ambu-drones. EMDO functions on maximum footprint efficiency at around 190m2, with total time spent in facility reduced by half.

CRUCIFORM

Liam Shu-Ling Rachel Deployment within Singapore to replace all 9 existing local A&E departments, freeing up site GFA for non-emergency care by 2030. This range would extend out of Singapore borders and into neighbouring countries such as Southern Malaysia and Northern Indonesia.

TARTAN FORM

Lee Kwang Zheng Max A deployable semi-permanent stand-by medical outpost for remote region emergency rescue missions, presiding over inaccessible areas. This form looks at expanding out of Singapore to ASEAN countries.

32

Overall Key System

33

Medical Research

Schematic Design

Medical Research

Schematic Design

Medical Research

Schematic Design

Medical Research

Schematic Design

Drone Research and Design of AMBU-Drone

Ambulance Research and Design of MDU

Drone Research and Design of AMBU-Drone

Ambulance Research and Design of MDU

CRUCIFORM LIAM SHU-LING RACHEL

This scheme endeavours to replace all existing public A&E departments, freeing up valuable hospital land area for non-emergency care by 2030.

This deployment includes new erections in Central catchment area, Yio Chu Kang, TUAS and Jurong Island, allowing for island wide drone medical emergency response. It also caters to the periphery of our nation’s borders and into Southern Malaysia and Northern Indonesia, with the Ambu-drones reaching maximum range of 50km (coverage dependant on optimal casualty enroute time of 30 minutes). A highly efficient structure in GFA and building footprint, this scheme provides medical care for the nation and neighbouring countries, in hopes to strengthen bi-lateral ties.

40

41

CRUCIFORM LIAM SHU-LING RACHEL

This scheme endeavours to replace all existing public A&E departments, freeing up valuable hospital land area for non-emergency care by 2030.

This deployment includes new erections in Central catchment area, Yio Chu Kang, TUAS and Jurong Island, allowing for island wide drone medical emergency response. It also caters to the periphery of our nation’s borders and into Southern Malaysia and Northern Indonesia, with the Ambu-drones reaching maximum range of 50km (coverage dependant on optimal casualty enroute time of 30 minutes). A highly efficient structure in GFA and building footprint, this scheme provides medical care for the nation and neighbouring countries, in hopes to strengthen bi-lateral ties.

40

41

sectional perspective movement of MDU, vertical supply shaft and key circulation

key axonometric pre-fabricated modular units using light-weight steel structure

sectional perspective movement of MDU, vertical supply shaft and key circulation

key axonometric pre-fabricated modular units using light-weight steel structure

TARTAN FORM LEE KWANG ZHENG MAX

44

This alternative thesis scheme pushes the boundaries of deployment outside of Singapore, and into ASEAN countries. Tourist hotspots would be prime locations for deployment, as well as rural locations. With the scarce medical facilities coupled with the logistical difficult of an emergency medical rescue in land-locked terrains or island maroon rescues, there is an impending need to cater for deployable semi-permanent medical outpost on standby.

This structure emphasises on modularity and pre-fabricated light weight steel modules, to allow for air-flown deployment and construction. EMDO is designed with the interests of casualties at the centre, and would optimistically serve as a beacon of healthcare excellence and improve political relations for the region.

45

TARTAN FORM LEE KWANG ZHENG MAX

44

This alternative thesis scheme pushes the boundaries of deployment outside of Singapore, and into ASEAN countries. Tourist hotspots would be prime locations for deployment, as well as rural locations. With the scarce medical facilities coupled with the logistical difficult of an emergency medical rescue in land-locked terrains or island maroon rescues, there is an impending need to cater for deployable semi-permanent medical outpost on standby.

This structure emphasises on modularity and pre-fabricated light weight steel modules, to allow for air-flown deployment and construction. EMDO is designed with the interests of casualties at the centre, and would optimistically serve as a beacon of healthcare excellence and improve political relations for the region.

45

sectional perspective movement of MDU, vertical supply shaft and key circulation

key axonometric pre-fabricated modular units using light-weight steel structure

sectional perspective movement of MDU, vertical supply shaft and key circulation

key axonometric pre-fabricated modular units using light-weight steel structure

DRONE CITY / HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL LI JIAOXUAN | DRONE SUPER TOWER KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD | BRAIDED TOWERS

DRONE CITY / HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL LI JIAOXUAN | DRONE SUPER TOWER KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD | BRAIDED TOWERS

DRONE CITY / HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL The introduction of passenger drones as means of above-ground transportation begins to change our perception and approach of the conventional high-rise building. Entry points no longer need to be exclusively located on the ground floor, but can be distributed along the building facade. This presents us with the possibility for the future development of ultra high-rise buildings, which would greatly increase the amount of usable space available to us. The two projects following therefore explore how the high rise typology could evolve in anticipation of upcoming drone technology.

DRONE SUPER TOWER LI JIAOXUAN

This scheme explores and enhances the advantages of introducing Air-Taxi into the future towers at the same time demonstrates how this approach could change the lifestyle, program planning in a tower as well as the increase in efficiency of travelling from one storey to the other in a super high-rise tower.

BRAIDED TOWERS

KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD DRONE SUPER TOWER

48

BRAIDED TOWERS

By the twisting, braided form, this project attempts to deal with issues of connectivity between programmes which the conventional high-rise building faces.

49

DRONE CITY / HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL The introduction of passenger drones as means of above-ground transportation begins to change our perception and approach of the conventional high-rise building. Entry points no longer need to be exclusively located on the ground floor, but can be distributed along the building facade. This presents us with the possibility for the future development of ultra high-rise buildings, which would greatly increase the amount of usable space available to us. The two projects following therefore explore how the high rise typology could evolve in anticipation of upcoming drone technology.

DRONE SUPER TOWER LI JIAOXUAN

This scheme explores and enhances the advantages of introducing Air-Taxi into the future towers at the same time demonstrates how this approach could change the lifestyle, program planning in a tower as well as the increase in efficiency of travelling from one storey to the other in a super high-rise tower.

BRAIDED TOWERS

KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD DRONE SUPER TOWER

48

BRAIDED TOWERS

By the twisting, braided form, this project attempts to deal with issues of connectivity between programmes which the conventional high-rise building faces.

49

SITE LOCATION

Drone Type: EHANG 184

ONE NORTH

Passenger capacity Air craft net weight Charging Time Load Capacity Effective Diameter Max speed Composition Overall height Diamter Landing clearance Needed

Environmental conditions become an important factor to be taken into account for enabling drone use on a high-rise building. Drones take-off and land optimally in head and tail-wind conditions, which determines drone flight paths and the placement of drone landing pads. Therefore a series of site analysis was carried out to define the right location for drone landing pad placement, as well as the design for the buidling facade.

1 pax 260 kg 1 Hour 100 kg 4.91m 130 km/h Fibre composites 1.43 m 8.91 m

Drone Type: VOLOCOPTER 2X

SHADOW STUDY 12pm

6pm

Passenger capacity Max. payload Max. range Max. flight time Noise level Altitude Composition Overall height Diameter (incl. propellers) Diameter

2 pax 160 kg 27 km 27 min 65 dB(A) at 75 m 2000 m Fibre composites 2.15 m 9.15 m

Drone Type: BELL NEXUS (VTOL)

SITE CONTEXT HEIGHT STUDY

MASTERPLAN SITE BUILDING HEIGHT

site analysis

Passenger capacity Effective Diameter Max speed Composition Overall height Diamter Landing clearance Needed

5 pax 12.2m 150 km/h NIL 2.7m 16.2 m

Drone Selection : E-Hang 284 / volocopter 2x / Bell Nexus

SITE LOCATION

Drone Type: EHANG 184

ONE NORTH

Passenger capacity Air craft net weight Charging Time Load Capacity Effective Diameter Max speed Composition Overall height Diamter Landing clearance Needed

Environmental conditions become an important factor to be taken into account for enabling drone use on a high-rise building. Drones take-off and land optimally in head and tail-wind conditions, which determines drone flight paths and the placement of drone landing pads. Therefore a series of site analysis was carried out to define the right location for drone landing pad placement, as well as the design for the buidling facade.

1 pax 260 kg 1 Hour 100 kg 4.91m 130 km/h Fibre composites 1.43 m 8.91 m

Drone Type: VOLOCOPTER 2X

SHADOW STUDY 12pm

6pm

Passenger capacity Max. payload Max. range Max. flight time Noise level Altitude Composition Overall height Diameter (incl. propellers) Diameter

2 pax 160 kg 27 km 27 min 65 dB(A) at 75 m 2000 m Fibre composites 2.15 m 9.15 m

Drone Type: BELL NEXUS (VTOL)

SITE CONTEXT HEIGHT STUDY

MASTERPLAN SITE BUILDING HEIGHT

site analysis

Passenger capacity Effective Diameter Max speed Composition Overall height Diamter Landing clearance Needed

5 pax 12.2m 150 km/h NIL 2.7m 16.2 m

Drone Selection : E-Hang 284 / volocopter 2x / Bell Nexus

DRONE SUPER TOWER 2050 LI JIAOXUAN (JASLYN)

The 76 stories super tower was designed for the 2050 Drone City in Singapore. With the introducing of Air-Taxi in this project, it allows this super tower to be designed in a town concept which allows different programs to be situated at different position of the building providing the users with different experiences of approaching a high rise tower as compared to a conventional highrise building.

This scheme further explores and enhances the advantages of introducing Air-Taxi into the future buildings at the same time demonstrates how this approach could change the lifestyle, program planning in a tower as well as the increase in efficiency of travelling from one storey to the other in a super high-rise tower.

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53

DRONE SUPER TOWER 2050 LI JIAOXUAN (JASLYN)

The 76 stories super tower was designed for the 2050 Drone City in Singapore. With the introducing of Air-Taxi in this project, it allows this super tower to be designed in a town concept which allows different programs to be situated at different position of the building providing the users with different experiences of approaching a high rise tower as compared to a conventional highrise building.

This scheme further explores and enhances the advantages of introducing Air-Taxi into the future buildings at the same time demonstrates how this approach could change the lifestyle, program planning in a tower as well as the increase in efficiency of travelling from one storey to the other in a super high-rise tower.

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PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE FULL TOWER WITH SITE CONTEXT Site Building Height Analysis

ADVANTAGES OF DRONE IN SUPER TOWER Time/ Speed/ Experiences

DRONE SUPER TOWER + 340m

TIME

SPEED

With the use of Drones, it helps to cut down the amount of time needed to travel from the ground floor up to the high floor in a Super Tower. Therefore, it helps to cut down the amount of time spent in the lift and there is no need to do any transfer before the users reach their units. The users can now arrive directly at their floor’s drone arrival and departure platform without accessing any other floors.

Travel time from place to place can be cut down with the high-speed passenger drone, time saved could be used on most useful work or activities, therefore making the future much more time efficient.

EXPERIENCE The views from the tower to the drones and from the drones to the tower create a brand new travel experience for the users. New programs catering to the drone were introduced, hence new experiences will be provided for the users.

HIGH RISE HDB HOUSING ESTATE ZONE + 256m

FOREST + 8m - 25m

LOW RISE HDB HOUSING + 34m

PRIVATE LANDED HOUSING ZONE + 14m

SPORTS CENTER + 30m

LOW RISE HDB HOUSING ZONE + 34m

LOW RISE HDB HOUSING ZONE + 34m

PRIVATE LANDED HOUSING + 12.5m

MEDIUM RISE HDB ZONE + 85m

MUSEUM + 50m - 75m LANDSCAPING + 6m - 16m

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE FULL TOWER WITH SITE CONTEXT Site Building Height Analysis

ADVANTAGES OF DRONE IN SUPER TOWER Time/ Speed/ Experiences

DRONE SUPER TOWER + 340m

TIME

SPEED

With the use of Drones, it helps to cut down the amount of time needed to travel from the ground floor up to the high floor in a Super Tower. Therefore, it helps to cut down the amount of time spent in the lift and there is no need to do any transfer before the users reach their units. The users can now arrive directly at their floor’s drone arrival and departure platform without accessing any other floors.

Travel time from place to place can be cut down with the high-speed passenger drone, time saved could be used on most useful work or activities, therefore making the future much more time efficient.

EXPERIENCE The views from the tower to the drones and from the drones to the tower create a brand new travel experience for the users. New programs catering to the drone were introduced, hence new experiences will be provided for the users.

HIGH RISE HDB HOUSING ESTATE ZONE + 256m

FOREST + 8m - 25m

LOW RISE HDB HOUSING + 34m

PRIVATE LANDED HOUSING ZONE + 14m

SPORTS CENTER + 30m

LOW RISE HDB HOUSING ZONE + 34m

LOW RISE HDB HOUSING ZONE + 34m

PRIVATE LANDED HOUSING + 12.5m

MEDIUM RISE HDB ZONE + 85m

MUSEUM + 50m - 75m LANDSCAPING + 6m - 16m

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

DRONE LANDING POSITION IN RELATION TO THE INTERIOR SPACES

title of dwg/ point subtext

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

DRONE LANDING POSITION IN RELATION TO THE INTERIOR SPACES

title of dwg/ point subtext

title of dwg/ point subtext

title of dwg/ point subtext

15 STOREY OFFICE LEVEL 1

68 STOREY PENTHOUSE LEVEL 1

70 STOREY SKYBAR LEVEL 1

71 STOREY SKYBAR LEVEL 2

DOUBLE VOLUME OFFICE UNIT / 2 UNIT PER FLOOR

735sqm / Unit

INTERIOR : 1217sqm DRONE LANDING: 716 sqm

INTERIOR : 765.5sqm DRONE LANDING: 0 sqm

- 2 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 2 DRONE CHARING / BATTERY CHANGING POSITION - 2 OUTDOOR BALCONIES - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 2 DRONE WAITING ROOM & GRAND DRONE ENTRANCE

- 2 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING & BATTERY CHANGING - 2 OUTDOOR SKY DINING & INFINITY POOLS - 2 PRIVATE LIFT LOBBIES & 1 VISITOR LOBBY - 2 EMERGENCY STAIRS PER UNIT

- 4 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 4 DRONE CHARING / BATTERY CHANGING POSITION - 2 OUTDOOR SKY DINING - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 2 DRONE WAITING ROOM

- 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 8 LIFT SHAFTS - 2 TOILETS - 1 DOUBLE VOLUME DECK - 360 DEGREE VIEW BAR SEATING

16 STOREY OFFICE LEVEL 2

69 STOREY PENTHOUSE LEVEL 2

2 UNIT PER FLOOR

424.3sqm / Unit

- 2 GRAND VIEWING DECKS - 4 M&E ROOMS - 2 TOIELTS / UNIT - 4 EMERGENCY STAIRCASES - 4 M&E ROOMS - 2 SKY VIEW WALKWAY - 2 INTERIOR STAIRCASES - 4 FIRE STOP LOBBIES

- 2 ART WALKAY GALLERY - 4 M&E ROOMS - 2 PRIVATE LIFT APARTMENT LOBBIES - 8 LIFT SHAFTS - 4 SMALL LIVING ROOMS - 4 TRASH CHUTES - 2 PRIVATE UNITS LEVEL 2 - 7 USEABLE ROOMS PER UNIT - 4 BEDROOMS + 1 STUDY ROOM

57 STOREY LUXURY APARTMENTS

43 STOREY STUDIO APARTMENTS

8 UNITS / FLOOR

14 UNITS / FLOOR

- 1 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 4 TRASH CHUTES - 6 VIEW DECKS - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 1 DRONE WAITING ROOM

- 1 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 4 TRASH CHUTES - 6 VIEW DECKS - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 1 DRONE WAITING ROOM

15 STOREY OFFICE LEVEL 1

68 STOREY PENTHOUSE LEVEL 1

70 STOREY SKYBAR LEVEL 1

71 STOREY SKYBAR LEVEL 2

DOUBLE VOLUME OFFICE UNIT / 2 UNIT PER FLOOR

735sqm / Unit

INTERIOR : 1217sqm DRONE LANDING: 716 sqm

INTERIOR : 765.5sqm DRONE LANDING: 0 sqm

- 2 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 2 DRONE CHARING / BATTERY CHANGING POSITION - 2 OUTDOOR BALCONIES - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 2 DRONE WAITING ROOM & GRAND DRONE ENTRANCE

- 2 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING & BATTERY CHANGING - 2 OUTDOOR SKY DINING & INFINITY POOLS - 2 PRIVATE LIFT LOBBIES & 1 VISITOR LOBBY - 2 EMERGENCY STAIRS PER UNIT

- 4 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 4 DRONE CHARING / BATTERY CHANGING POSITION - 2 OUTDOOR SKY DINING - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 2 DRONE WAITING ROOM

- 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 8 LIFT SHAFTS - 2 TOILETS - 1 DOUBLE VOLUME DECK - 360 DEGREE VIEW BAR SEATING

16 STOREY OFFICE LEVEL 2

69 STOREY PENTHOUSE LEVEL 2

2 UNIT PER FLOOR

424.3sqm / Unit

- 2 GRAND VIEWING DECKS - 4 M&E ROOMS - 2 TOIELTS / UNIT - 4 EMERGENCY STAIRCASES - 4 M&E ROOMS - 2 SKY VIEW WALKWAY - 2 INTERIOR STAIRCASES - 4 FIRE STOP LOBBIES

- 2 ART WALKAY GALLERY - 4 M&E ROOMS - 2 PRIVATE LIFT APARTMENT LOBBIES - 8 LIFT SHAFTS - 4 SMALL LIVING ROOMS - 4 TRASH CHUTES - 2 PRIVATE UNITS LEVEL 2 - 7 USEABLE ROOMS PER UNIT - 4 BEDROOMS + 1 STUDY ROOM

57 STOREY LUXURY APARTMENTS

43 STOREY STUDIO APARTMENTS

8 UNITS / FLOOR

14 UNITS / FLOOR

- 1 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 4 TRASH CHUTES - 6 VIEW DECKS - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 1 DRONE WAITING ROOM

- 1 DORNE ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE LANDING - 4 TRASH CHUTES - 6 VIEW DECKS - 4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE STAIRS - 1 DRONE WAITING ROOM

BRAIDED TOWERS KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD

key perspective/axo drawing BW draging

The introduction of passenger drones as means of above-ground transportation begins to change our perception of the conventional high-rise building entry point. This scheme attempts to deal with the issues of connectivity between programmes on the ground and above, that conventional high-rise buildings struggle with. With the Braided Towers, rectangular tubes of vwarying dimensions and modular programmes rise into the sky, bending in all directions.

Where these tubes and programmes intersect, public garden spaces form - drone pads become located here for ease of access.

The braided form also functions climatically. Inward and outward bending reduces solar insolation, while optimising and varying levels of illuminance in the internal garden spaces.

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63

BRAIDED TOWERS KHOR CHEN SIAN GERALD

key perspective/axo drawing BW draging

The introduction of passenger drones as means of above-ground transportation begins to change our perception of the conventional high-rise building entry point. This scheme attempts to deal with the issues of connectivity between programmes on the ground and above, that conventional high-rise buildings struggle with. With the Braided Towers, rectangular tubes of vwarying dimensions and modular programmes rise into the sky, bending in all directions.

Where these tubes and programmes intersect, public garden spaces form - drone pads become located here for ease of access.

The braided form also functions climatically. Inward and outward bending reduces solar insolation, while optimising and varying levels of illuminance in the internal garden spaces.

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63

cutaway perspective Every 5th floor becomes a space for the public, accessible by both drone and elevator

typical floor plans

cutaway perspective Every 5th floor becomes a space for the public, accessible by both drone and elevator

typical floor plans

drone approach perspective Drones approach unidirectionally from the north and south

modular unit types Modular units were designed to fit within three different tube sizes.

drone approach perspective Drones approach unidirectionally from the north and south

modular unit types Modular units were designed to fit within three different tube sizes.

internal garden perspective Double volume garden space for larger public gatherings and amenities

terrace garden perspective Quadruple volume garden space view into the central void Elevator access corridors cut through the void at every 5th floor

internal garden perspective Double volume garden space for larger public gatherings and amenities

terrace garden perspective Quadruple volume garden space view into the central void Elevator access corridors cut through the void at every 5th floor

YEAR 4 OPTIONS STUDIO COMPILATION OF SAMPLES

M.ARCH 1, STUDIO JOSEPH LIM

IMAGE CREDIT: LI JIAOXUAN, JASLYN