Unbanked and
Penetration of information and communications technology
The fastest growing communications technology: the mobile phone
Circle size represents the number of broadband internet subscribers per 1,000 people
Mobile phone subscriptions per 1,000 people over time
UNCONNECTED: Is the gap too wide to close?
Threshold for 30% access to internet
1,600
225
1,400
Mobile phone subscribers per 1,000 people
Many poor, rural, and remote populations remain unconnected.
1,400 1,200
Singapore
1,200
Philippines
Vietnam
Malaysia
Thailand
800
Threshold for 1 mobile per capita
800
Indonesia
600
600
77.8
Laos
400
Threshold for 1 mobile per capita
1,000
60.9
1,000
China
400
Cambodia
200
Laos Indonesia
China
Myanmar 0
Philippines
Malaysia
200
0
0
100
200
300
400
Vietnam
Thailand
Singapore
500
600
700
800
Cambodia
Myanmar 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
900
Internet subcribers per 1,000 people
Is the pervasive financial exclusion a stumbling block for inclusive growth?
More than a billion people worldwide own a mobile phone, but have no access to financial services.
Is income inequality a threat to social & political stability?
More than a billion people have no access to financial services in ASEAN+China
Income share in pecentage, held by population quintile
Circle size represents the percentage of population with access to financial services 0%
20%
Thailand 14
26%
Number of bank branches per 100,000 adults
12
Philippines
Malaysia
Thailand
60%
98%
59%
6
0
51.5%
Philippines
50.4% 47.8% 45.4%
19.2% 19.2%
11.4% 7%
41.8
6.6%
40.7
4.5%
37.9
13.7% 9.1%
5.6%
45.6
14.7% 9.8%
5.7%
41.5
7.3%
37.8
13.7% 8.7%
21.2% 22%
Gini coefficient
3.9%
13.1% 9.4%
21.6%
21.3%
100%
15.1% 10.9%
Income share held by the 2nd richest 20%
Income share held by the 4th richest 20%
Income share held by the 3rd richest 20%
Income share held by the poorest 20%
China
Growing income inequality: a trend with explosive conflict potential?
42%20% 29%
2
Malaysia
Income share held by the richest 20%
Cambodia
4
51.7%
80%
Singapore
40%
8
Cambodia
Vietnam
Indonesia
60%
58.6%
China
10
40%
Vietnam
25% 19%
What policies are needed to provide better equality of opportunity?
Laos
Myanmar 5
Fewer opportunities and weak safety nets for the poor 15
25
35
45
55
65
75
Scoring index from the Bertelsmann Transformation Index 2010 (the higher the better)
Number of automated teller machines per 100,000 adults
Cambodia Vietnam
10 9
To what extent do social safety nets exist to compensate for poverty and other risks such as old age, illness, unemployment or disability?
China
8 7 6
Thailand
5 4 3
Indonesia
2
“[…] rising inequality can also weaken social cohesion and adversely affect prospects for economic growth.”
1
Singapore
– Haruhiko Kuroda, President of the Asian Development Bank
To what extent does equality of opportunity exist?
Laos
Philippines
Malaysia Myanmar
ASIAN TRENDS MONITORING Myanmar Cambodia
GDP per capita
Laos
Vietnam Philippines Indonesia Thailand
Malaysia Singapore
China
587
768
886
1,068
1,748
2,327
4,151
6,917
36,112
3,739
DATA NOT AVAILABLE
13¢
17¢
16¢
11¢
17¢
7¢
9¢
10¢
12¢
DATA NOT AVAILABLE
3.7
1.6
3.2
11.8
7.7
11.0
11.4
10.5
3.9
81%
80%
75%
71%
74%
60%
41%
40%
2%
58%
Mobile phone subscriptions
10
423
512
1,115
1,003
692
973
1,097
1,452
555
Internet broadband subscriptions
0.3
2.0
1.3
30.4
18.7
7.4
14.7
60.9
225.2
77.8
(In current US$, as of 2009)
Share of income
(The richest 20% earn $1, the poorest 20% will earn...)
Number of bank branches (Per 100,000 adults)
No access to financial services (As a percentage of the adult population)
(Number of subscribers per 1,000 people)
(Number of subscribers per 1,000 people)