Nutfruit magazine, November 2016

Edition 69. Nยบ 3

Edition 69. Nยบ 3 NOVEMBER 2016

INC CONSOLIDATES THE NUT AND DRIED FRUIT PAVILION AT

SIAL-PARIS 2016 Page 53

THE FUTURE OF

3D FOOD PRINTING

TECHNOLOGY Page 22

NOVEMBER 2016

www.nutfruit.org

INTERNATIONAL NUT AND DRIED FRUIT COUNCIL FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES Mark Mariani - Chairman Mariani Packing Company, USA Pino Calcagni - Vice Chairman V. Besana S.P.A., Italy Michael Waring - Vice Chairman MWT Foods, Australia Jordi Martí - Treasurer and General Secretary Borges S.A.U., Spain Asadollah Asgaroladi Hassas Export Co. Ltd., Iran Karsten Dankert Max Kiene GmbH, Germany Arie Endendijk Intersnack Procurement BV, Netherlands Giles Hacking CG Hacking & Sons Limited, UK Cheng Hung Kay CHK Trading Co. Ltd., China, Hong Kong Mark Jansen Blue Diamond Growers, USA Zhou Jinkui Fenzhou Yuyuan Native Produce, China Barry Kriebel Sun-Maid Growers of California, USA Ashok Krishen Olam International Limited, Singapore Jack Mariani Mariani Nut Company, USA Stephen Meltzer Balcorp Ltd., Canada Pratap Nair Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company, India Osman Oz Aegean Exporters Associations, Turkey Antonio Pont - Honorary President Borges S.A.U., Spain Sabit Sabir Sabirlar Findik Ihracat Ltd. Sti., Turkey Harry Sinclair The Kraft Heinz Company, USA Berton Steir The Wonderful Company, USA Dick Walden The Green Valley Pecan, USA Chen Ying China Chamber of Commerce, China Cuneyd Zapsu Balsu A.S., Turkey EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mark Mariani Pino Calcagni Michael Waring Giles Hacking Ashok Krishen Jack Mariani Antonio Pont Berton Steir Cuneyd Zapsu Goretti Guasch

Chairman Vice Chairman Vice Chairman Board Member Board Member Board Member Board Member Board Member Board Member Executive Director

NUTFRUIT MAGAZINE TEAM Goretti Guasch Executive Director goretti.guasch@nutfruit.org Xavier Puchades Production Editor xavier.puchades@nutfruit.org Irene Gironès Technical and Statistical Editor irene.girones@nutfruit.org Marc Centelles Advertising and Subscription Sales marc.centelles@nutfruit.org

Edition 69. Nº 3

NOVEMBER 2016

BUSINESS NEWS

• Olam International recognized as 23rd in Fortune ‘Change the World’ list. • NBA team Sacramento Kings announces a new partnership with Blue Diamond Growers. • FDA to redefine ‘healthy’ for food labeling. • Walmart expands its e-commerce with the acquisition Jet.com. • Chobani launches a food incubator for entrepreneurs.

GOURMET 14 • Mollie Katzen, cookbook author and one of the most influential personalities of vegetarian culture in America, discusses about the role of nuts and dried fruits in cuisine.

FEATURE ARTICLES • How the 3D printing technology transforms the food industry. • Tackling malnutrition with peanuts in underdeveloped countries.

22 • Hazelnuts, the fastest growing and most dynamic agricultural sector in Georgia. • Pest management in organic hazelnut production. • Phytochemicals and health effects of dried fruits. • Great projections for Chilean walnuts over the next 5 years.

HEALTH NEWS

• Nut consumption reduces inflammation: a mechanism implicated in diabetes, atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases. • Nut research highlighted at the International Symposium on Diabetes and Nutrition.

A CHAT WITH THE INDUSTRY

• Nathalie Garrigue, General Manager of Barry Callebaut’s main nuts company.

INC CONGRESS

• Chennai, a rich city in its diversity. • Making final plans for the INC Congress. • ITC Grand Chola, a tribute to India’s greatest architecture. • INC Congress Tours. • Preliminary program.

INC NEWS

• Memories from SIAL-Paris 2016. • GulFood 2017 unveils the new INC Pavilion. • Review of the INC Annual Communication and Digital Marketing Plan.

• New Global Agri-Business Alliance targets UN SDGs to tackle global food security. • Once upon a time in the INC magazine.

INDUSTRY NEWS

• Almond Board of California explores alternative uses of by-products as markets shift. • California Walnut Commission conducts retail and advertising campaigns in several key markets. • American Pistachio Growers spans a variety of topics about pistachio through an extensive review article. • Pistachio Health Institute welcomes media and health professionals for harvest tour. • INC-NREF reports new findings highlighting the effects of tree nuts on health. • DFA of California forms a new business segment. • California Dried Plum Board presents strategies to optimize healthy bones with prunes and exercise. • Australian Macadamia Society shapes the profile of a global macadamia consumer. • Nuts for Life reviews 2015/16 programs. • Nucis Italia helps doctors to spread knowledge on how to eat properly. • Nucis Germany, winner of the INC Call for Promotion and Dissemination Projects 2016.

INC HEADQUARTERS

Carrer de la Fruita Seca, 4 Polígon Tecnoparc, 43204 Reus, Spain Tel: +34 977 331 416 Email: inc@nutfruit.org

www.nutfruit.org

Legal Update

17 Advertisers list

Statistical 100 Global Review

The Nutfruit magazine is published three times a year by the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council - INC (Fundació Privada International Nut and Dried Fruit CIF G-43738475). This magazine, including all articles and illustrations, is copyright protected. Any utilization beyond the light limits set by the Copyright Act is subject to publisher’s approval. All the trademarks, brand identities and graphic images shown in this publication are the property of their respective owners. While the publishers believe that all information contained in this publication was correct at the time of going to press, they can accept no liability for any inaccuracies that may appear or loss suffered directly or indirectly by any reader as a result of any advertisement, editorial, photographs or other materials published in the Nutfruit magazine.

INC Foreword

GREETINGS FROM INDIA Mark A. Mariani INC Chairman

e are making final plans for our Congress in Chennai, India to be held next May 2017. This is my second trip, and once again I am overwhelmed with the kindness and gentleness of the Indian culture. Much like the Singapore Congress, we can expect a warm climate, and the Committee has planned accordingly. We have secured Five Star accommodations at the ITC Grand Chola, and all of our events will be held in modern air-conditioned venues. For your convenience, transportation will be provided to and from the airports. Every detail of our Chennai Congress has been planned thoroughly by Mr. Pratap Nair and his Committee. As one would expect, I am very excited and impressed, and confident that you will be as well! Once again the INC was front and center in Paris at the SIAL Food Show. We continue to enlarge our footprint, and the Pavilion has become the "destination" visit in the Nut and Dried Fruit sector. We also plan to exhibit on February 26, 2017 at the Gulf-Foods in Dubai, so come by and say hello! The INC will soon launch our annual "Call" for Research, Promotion, and Dissemination projects that will include the study of Nut and Dried Fruit consumption of cognitive functions, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers; just to list a few of our important directives. Lastly, during our visit to India, we flew to the southern state of Kerala, to present the certificate of the Golden Nut Award to Mr. K. Ravindranathan Nair. Mr. Nair has led the cashew business for over 40 years, and has accelerated the distribution of nuts worldwide. It was an honor to meet such an accomplished man, who not only was successful in our Industry but understood the meaning of "giving" back, by building libraries, providing scholarships, and improving the lives around him. This was a well-deserved recognition for a Man of all Seasons! I wish you good harvests, good selling, and a continuing dedication to improving peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives! All My Best,

Mark A. Mariani

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Business News

OLAM INTERNATIONAL RECOGNIZED AT #23 IN FORTUNE ‘CHANGE THE WORLD’ LIST © Olam International

LAM INTERNATIONAL, a leading global agribusiness, has taken the number 23 slot in Fortune’s second annual ‘Change the World’ list of the 50 companies that have made a positive social impact through activities that are part of their core business strategy. Since the launch of the Olam Livelihood Charter (OLC) 5 years ago, Olam has worked directly with over 345,000 smallholders in its supply chains to improve crop yields and quality, livelihoods and wellbeing, access to finance and markets, and reducing environmental impact. Supporting farmers in this way has meant consistent volumes of sustainable product for Olam customers, stated the company in a press release. In an interview with Fortune Chris Brett, Global Head of Olam Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability emphasized how the OLC was “an opportunity to create partnerships.”

“The OLC’s impact would not be so great without the support of our customer, NGO, certification, trade, foundation and development partners,” Chris added. “By learning from one another, we have been able to improve and expand our programs year-on-year. This recognition in Fortune’s Change the World list is testament to the commitment of all our partners, and also our product teams across the globe, who believe in the importance of investing in smallholder farmers.” Change the World is a global, multi-industry list compiled of nominated companies evaluated and ranked by Fortune writers and editors for: 1. Measurable social impact: This is the most important factor. The reach, nature and durability of the initiative is identified and validated through independent sources; 2. Business results particularly profitability and contribution to shareholder value; 3. Degree of innovation

relative to that of others in its industry and whether its impactful actions have prompted other companies to follow its example. Other food and beverage companies that made the list include: Nestlé (Nº. 5), Coca-Cola (Nº. 11), McDonald’s (Nº. 25); PepsiCo (Nº. 38); Heineken (Nº. 43); Starbucks (Nº. 45); and Grupo Bimbo (Nº. 49).

“This recognition in Fortune’s Change the World list is testament to the commitment of all our partners, and also our product teams across the globe, who believe in the importance of investing in smallholder farmers.” Chris Brett, Global Head of Olam Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability.

ACRAMENTO KINGS announced a new partnership with Sacramentobased Blue Diamond Growers, a world almond leading brand. Through the partnership, Blue Diamond and the Kings will be one of the first to experiment with the NBA’s industry-leading jersey sponsorship pilot program. Beginning in the 2017 season, a Blue Diamond logo will be incorporated in all of the Sacramento Kings uniforms.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Blue Diamond will also join the Kings for their inaugural season at Golden 1 Center –the world’s first LEED Platinum indoor arena– as they seek to transform Sacramento and the region beyond. Beginning with the 2016-17 season, the Blue Diamond Almond Breeze logo appears on the court apron below the visitor and Kings benches. Fans will find select menu items that feature high-quality Blue Diamond almonds, as well as Blue Diamond Almond Breeze beverages at arena kiosks.

“Blue Diamond has quietly created every major innovation in almonds, including the almond milk category,” said Blue Diamond CEO Mark Jansen. “This innovative partnership helps us to clearly connect our global Blue Diamond and Almond Breeze brands with elite, professional athletes to inspire healthier lifestyles. As with our recent support of U.S.A. Swimming and Volleyball, we’re excited to join the Kings as part of our continued commitment to wellness and active living.”

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Business News

FDA TO REDEFINE ‘HEALTHY’ FOR FOOD LABELING

HE US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) has started a public process to redefine the “healthy” nutrient content claim for food labeling. Redefining “healthy” is part of an overall plan to provide consumers with information and tools to enable them to easily and quickly make food choices consistent with public health recommendations and to encourage the development of healthier foods by the industry, announced the Agency. While FDA is considering how to redefine the term “healthy” as a nutrient content claim, food manufacturers can continue to use the term “healthy” on foods that meet the current regulatory definition. FDA has issued a guidance document stating that FDA does not intend to enforce the regulatory requirements for products that use the term if certain criteria described in the guidance document are met.

Public health recommendations for various nutrients have evolved, as reflected by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the updated Nutrition Facts label. For example, healthy dietary patterns now focus on food groups, the type of fat rather than the total amount of fat consumed and now address added sugars in the diet. Also, the nutrients of public health concern that consumers are not getting enough of have changed. FDA has published a “request for information” to solicit public input as it redefines the term “healthy.” In addition, the Agency is planning other public forums to receive additional public input. “As our understanding about nutrition has evolved, we need to make sure the definition for the ‘healthy’ labeling claim stays up to date,” said Douglas Balentine, director, Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling at FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.

GLOBAL SAVORY SNACKS MARKET TO REACH OVER US$138 BILLION BY 2020

HE GLOBAL SAVORY SNACKS MARKET will rise from US$94.5 billion in 2015 to US$138.2 billion by 2020, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%, according to consumer insight firm Canadean. A company’s report states that such growth is expected to come mainly from developing countries in the Asia-Pacific and Eastern European regions, with CAGRs of 13.7% and 7.3%, respectively, while the Latin American region is expected to register a more moderate CAGR of 3.2%. According to Rashmi Mahajan, Analyst for Canadean, “rising urbanization levels and busier lifestyles are impacting the eating habits of consumers, who are increasingly replacing main meals with more flexible, light,

and convenient snacking options. Changing consumer preferences and the growing trend of ‘snackification’, which represents a significant portion of everyday eating routines, is driving the demand for portable and on-the-go formats.” Big opportunities exist in large, populous developing countries with low per capita consumption levels, such as China (0.8 kg of savory snacks per person in 2015) and India (1 kg), compared to the high levels of consumption in developed countries such as the US (9.5 kg) and the UK (7 kg). Canadean’s analysis reveals that the health and wellness trend has impacted the eating habits of consumers in developed markets, who tend to base their snacking choices

on nutritional value and quality. In this way, consumers are trading up and spending more on premium varieties of snacks. Consumers in emerging countries including Brazil, China and India, on the other hand, mostly base their snack choices on value and experimentation. “Despite the regional differences in snacks consumption, innovation in flavors remains an important differentiating factor globally, as consumers across all ages opt for products offering new and unusual consumption experiences”, said Mahajan. “Examples include nacho chips in papdi chaat flavor in India, maize snacks in a tangy fruit chutney flavor in South Africa, popcorn in strawberry and cream flavor in the UK, and potato chips in chocolate chilli flavor in France.”

NATURE’S PATH ACQUIRES 51% STAKE IN ORGANIC AND RAW SNACK FOOD COMPANY GORILLY GOODS

ATURE’S PATH has acquired a 51% stake in Gorilly Goods –a raw, on-the-go snack which offers a range of savory to sweet organic and non-GMO nuts, fruits, seeds and greens combinations. As one of the largest organic breakfast and snack food companies in North America, this latest venture by Nature’s Path represents the company’s growth beyond new product innovation and development and adds to a list of previous acquisitions of Que Pasa organic and non-GMO tortilla chips and salsa in 2012, and Country Choice Organics in 2015.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Nature’s Path involvement will provide the needed capital for Gorilly Goods to increase its manufacturing and leverage Nature’s Path retail network to expand distribution throughout North America and markets around the world. “There is so much to say about the natural alignment between our two companies: the enjoyment of food, life and giving and of course, deliciousness”, says Gorilly Goods co-founder Stephen McDiarmid. “We couldn’t feel more kindred with both the company and the family,” adds cofounder and CEO, Chris McDiarmid.

Business News

BAYER AND MONSANTO MERGE TO CREATE AGROCHEMICAL LEADER

AYER AND MONSANTO signed a merger agreement under which Bayer acquires Monsanto for USD 128 per share in an all-cash transaction. According to Bayer, this transaction brings together two different, but highly complementary businesses. The combined business will benefit from Monsanto’s leadership in seeds and traits and climate corporation platform along with Bayer’s broad Crop Protection product line across a comprehensive range of indications and crops in all key geographies, stated Bayer in a press release announcing the merger. As a result,

growers will benefit from a set of solutions to meet their current and future needs, including enhanced solutions in seeds and traits, digital agriculture, and crop protection. The combination also brings together both companies’ leading innovation capabilities and R&D technology platforms, with an annual proforma R&D budget of approximately EUR 2.5 billion. Over the mid to long-term, the combined business will be able to accelerate innovation and provide customers with enhanced solutions and an optimized product suite based on analytical agronomic insight supported by Digital Farming applications.

Werner Baumann (left), CEO of Bayer AG, and Hugh Grant, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Monsanto. © Bayer AG

GOLDEN PEANUT AND TREE NUTS COMPLETES DAWSON EXPANSION

OLDEN PEANUT AND TREE NUTS, a subsidiary of Archer Daniels Midland Company, has completed its major expansion of peanut processing capacity in Dawson, Georgia, and is shipping increased volumes of products to customers across the U.S. “We’re excited to have completed this major expansion of our peanut processing capabilities,” said Greg Mills, president, Golden Peanut and Tree Nuts. “When we first announced this project last year, we told our customers that we were doing it to help them meet increasing

demand for cleaner labels and for non-GMO, non-trans-fat ingredients. Today, we’re proud to be delivering on that promise.” In order to increase the facility’s capacity, the company made improvements and additions that spanned the plant’s processes, including farmer stock handling, preparation, extraction and meal production, as well as certification and rail enhancements. Golden Peanut and Tree Nuts also announced the opening of a new office in Albany, Georgia, which will improve the

company’s regional operations by bringing together key Golden Peanut and Tree Nuts leaders from around the Southeast. “This new regional office will bring together key leaders, putting them under the same roof for better and faster communications and decisionmaking, which will benefit our customers and our company alike,” Mills said.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Business News

AMPLIFY SNACKS BUYS PREMIUM SNACK COMPANY TYRRELLS

MPLIFY SNACK BRANDS, Inc. and Crisps Topco Limited and Subsidiaries (“Tyrrells”) have executed a definitive agreement under which Amplify acquires Tyrrells, an international, marketleading and rapidly growing premium better-for-you snack food business. Under the terms of the £300 million transaction (US$391 million), Tyrrells’ current owner Investcorp and members of the Tyrrells management team receive approximately £278 million in cash and approximately 2.1 million shares of Amplify’s common stock. “Together, Amplify and Tyrrells will partner to create a truly unique international better-for-you snack food leader that can continue to drive robust future revenue and earnings growth,” said Tom Ennis, Amplify’s

President and Chief Executive Officer. David Milner, Chief Executive Officer of Tyrrells commented: “We’re excited to join Amplify’s betterfor-you snack food platform as we combine our highly complementary businesses and brands to build an even stronger company for future international success. The transaction will create a large and diversified pure-play international better-for-you snack food company. According to Amplify, the combination will provide the following strategic and financial benefits: diversifies and expands better-for-you branded product offerings; accelerated international expansion and whitespace realization; increased scale provides significant future benefits and addition of experienced executive team.

JUSTIN’S LAUNCHES A NEW SNACK PACK

USTIN'S, maker of natural nut butters, nut butter snacks and organic peanut butter cups, has introduced the first extension of its Snack Pack product line. The first non-perishable fruit and nut butter pairing, Justin's Peanut Butter and Banana Chip Snack Pack comes in two flavors: Classic Peanut Butter + Banana Chips and Honey Peanut Butter + Banana Chips. The latest innovation in the brand's extensive

portfolio adds a twist on a classic duo with one side Justin's Peanut Butter and one side delicious, organic banana chips. The next generation of the original Snack Packs is a result of the intersection of two highgrowth and trending categories (nut butter and dried fruit) and was created with the whole family in mind. Devised for enjoying at work, school and on-the-go, this gluten-free snack contains 5-6 grams of protein, 3 grams of fiber

and over 200 milligrams of potassium, all for just 200-210 calories per serving. "After a successful launch of the Snack Pack last summer, we knew this conveniently nutritious snacking line had growth potential," said Justin Gold, founder of Justin's. "Peanut butter and bananas are the ultimate pairing. When we realized there was nothing on the market like it, we went bananas (literally) and made it happen!"

AMSETY INTRODUCES NUTRITION BAR TO SUPPORT LIVER HEALTH

MSETY, a health-focused nutrition company, has introduced Amsety Bar, the first-ever nutrition bar that supports liver health. The Amsety nutrition bar has been developed by liver health specialists devising the Super 16, a proprietary blend of 16 vitamins and minerals clinical studies show maintain liver health. The liver is the powerhouse for filtering all nutrient intake and redistribution throughout the body. Without it working properly, people living with liver disease are often malnourished and this causes additional

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

devastation to the liver. Many liver patients are also living with other diseases, such as diabetes, celiac disease and drug and alcohol addictions, and according to Amsety, the bar meets the nutritional guidelines for these conditions as well. Amsety Bars are available in two flavors – Peanut Butter Superstar and Dark Chocolate Bliss. They are made with natural ingredients and contain no sodium, no gluten, no added sugars and are non-genetically modified. Amsety Bars are certified organic, kosher, gluten-free and vegetarian.

Business News

MARS COMBINES CHOCOLATE AND WRIGLEY SEGMENTS TO CREATE MARS WRIGLEY CONFECTIONERY

ARS, one of the world’s largest confectionery companies, will combine its Chocolate and Wrigley segments to create Mars Wrigley Confectionery. According to the company, “the combination will help deliver greater value to customers, and enable the segment to address consumer trends and insights holistically in what is increasingly seen as one global confectionery category”. Mars Wrigley Confectionery is one of Mars’ diverse global businesses, which also include Petcare, Food, Drinks and Symbioscience. Mars Wrigley Confectionery will include brands in chocolate such as Snickers, M&M’s, Dove, Galaxy, Maltesers and Twix. Gum and Mints brands like Doublemint, Extra, Orbit, 5™, Altoids and Lifesavers, and Fruity Confections such as Skittles or Starburst. Since Mars acquired Wrigley in 2008, Berkshire Hathaway has held a minority stake in Wrigley that was subject to purchase by Mars over time. Mars recently accelerated the purchase of Berkshire Hathaway’s entire equity interest in Wrigley. Grant F. Reid, Office of the President and CEO of Mars, Incorporated commented: “We are grateful for the strong and productive partnership we have with Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway. It is a great relationship that has yielded value on both sides. We’re equally pleased that sole ownership of Wrigley provides us with an opportunity to rethink how we simplify our Chocolate and Wrigley businesses so that we can bring a more holistic approach to this vibrant category.”

Martin Radvan, current Global President of Wrigley and a 30-year veteran of Mars, Incorporated, will lead the new Mars Wrigley Confectionery. Commenting on the proposed combination, Radvan said: “Mars Wrigley Confectionery brings together two great businesses, strengthening our ability to create win-win relationships with our customers and improving our opportunities to address dynamic retail and consumer trends together.” The Mars Wrigley Confectionery business will have approximately 30,000 Associates operating in about 70 countries. The global hub for the new Mars Wrigley Confectionery will be in Chicago, Illinois.

LINDT & SPRÜNGLI ACHIEVES 2016 COCOA COMMITMENT

HOCOLADEFABRIKEN LINDT & SPRÜNGLI AG has achieved its 2016 cocoa beans commitment, which states that by 2016 the entire cocoa beans supply chain from Ghana is traceable and also verified. According to the company, Lindt & Sprüngli is one of the few chocolate manufacturers that has the control over every step of the production process in-house, from the selection of the finest cocoa varieties through to the finished product. This is one of the “most fundamental criteria for a transparent and traceable cocoa supply chain – a task Lindt & Sprüngli does not want to delegate to others”. For that reason, as the company states in a press release, the Lindt & Sprüngli Farming Program was initiated in 2008. In this program, Lindt & Sprüngli works on long-term relationships with the farmers and pays a price premium for every ton of cocoa beans sourced. The aim of the Lindt & Sprüngli Farming Program is to improve farming practices and the livelihood of farmers and their communities. Organizing the farmers and establishing traceability build the base for all activities to improve the farmers’ and communities’ living condition.

Village resource center. Lindt & Sprüngli farming program Ghana. © Lindt & Sprüngli

Therefore, “it is essential to know who grows the cocoa and what the local conditions are in order to support the farmers and communities according to their needs”. To further improve its sustainability credentials, Lindt & Sprüngli initiated in 2012 a program of external verification of its cocoa supply chain. The verification is carried out by an independent 3rd party, which assesses all elements of the Lindt & Sprüngli Farming Program and gives recommendations for further improvement.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Business News

WHO PROPOSES 20% TAX ON SUGARY BEVERAGES

AXING SUGARY DRINKS can lower consumption and reduce obesity, type 2 diabetes, and tooth decay, according to a new World Health Organization (WHO) report. Fiscal policies that lead to at least a 20% increase in the retail price of sugary drinks would result in proportional reductions in consumption of such products, according to the report titled “Fiscal Policies for Diet and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs).” According to this report, national dietary surveys indicate that drinks and foods high in free sugars (added sugars and sugars naturally found in foods) can be a major source of unnecessary calories in people’s diets, particularly in the case of children, adolescents, and young adults.

It also points out that some groups, including people living on low incomes, young people, and those who frequently consume unhealthy foods and beverages, are most responsive to changes in prices of drinks and foods and, therefore, gain the highest health benefits. “Nutritionally, people don’t need any sugar in their diet. WHO recommends that if people do consume free sugars, they keep their intake below 10% of their total energy needs, and reduce it to less than 5% for additional health benefits. This is equivalent to less than a single serving (at least 250 ml) of commonly consumed sugary drinks per day,” says Dr Francesco Branca, Director of WHO’s Department of Nutrition for Health and Development.

The report presents outcomes of a mid-2015 meeting of global experts convened by WHO and an investigation of 11 recent systematic reviews of the effectiveness of fiscal policy interventions for improving diets and preventing NCDs and a technical meeting of global experts. A number of countries have taken fiscal measures to protect people from unhealthy products. These include Mexico, which has implemented an excise tax on nonalcoholic beverages with added sugar, and Hungary, which has imposed a tax on packaged products with high sugar, salt, or caffeine levels. Countries, such as the Philippines, South Africa and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have also announced intentions to implement taxes on sugary drinks.

PEPSICO ANNOUNCES A REDUCTION IN ADDED SUGARS

EPSICO has announced that it will significantly reduce added sugar across its global beverage portfolio. “Informed by the latest dietary guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other authorities, the company will continue to refine its food and beverage choices to meet changing consumer needs by reducing added sugars, saturated fat and sodium levels in its product portfolio”, states PepsiCo in a press release. The company has set the following goals for 2025: At least two-thirds of its global beverage portfolio volume will have 100 calories or fewer from added sugars per 12-oz serving; At least

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

three-quarters of its global foods portfolio volume will not exceed 1.1 grams of saturated fat per 100 calories; At least three-quarters of its global foods portfolio volume will not exceed 1.3 milligrams of sodium per calorie. The rate of sales growth of what the company refers to as Everyday Nutrition products will outpace the rate of sales growth in the balance of PepsiCo’s portfolio. Everyday Nutrition products include those that deliver whole grains, fruits and vegetables, dairy, protein and hydration. It will provide access to at least three billion servings of nutritious foods and beverages to underserved communities and consumers.

These initiatives are included in the 2025 Sustainability Agenda, designed to meet changing consumer and societal needs. The agenda centers around three pillars of sustainable growth that focus on products, the planet and people, including the farmers and communities PepsiCo works with globally. “To succeed in today’s volatile and changing world, corporations must do three things exceedingly well: focus on delivering strong financial performance, do it in a way that is sustainable over time and be responsive to the needs of society,” said PepsiCo Chairman and CEO Indra Nooy.

Business News

WALMART EXPANDS ITS E-COMMERCE WITH THE ACQUISITION JET.COM

ALMART has acquired Jet for approximately $3 billion in cash, a portion of which will be paid over time. Additionally, $300 million of Walmart shares will be paid over time as part of the transaction. The acquisition builds on and complements the foundation already in place to serve customers across the Walmart app, site and stores and position the company for a faster e-commerce growth in the future by expanding customer reach and adding new capabilities. According to Walmart, Jet is among the fastest growing and most innovative e-commerce companies in the U.S., with an experienced leadership team led by co-founder and CEO Marc Lore, together with fellow co-founders Mike Hanrahan and Nate Faust. Among other things, Lore

previously co-founded and led Quidsi, the parent company of e-commerce sites Diapers.com, Soap.com and Wag.com. “We’re looking for ways to lower prices, broaden our assortment and offer the simplest, easiest shopping experience because that’s what our customers want,” said Doug McMillon, president and CEO, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. “We believe the acquisition of Jet accelerates our progress across these priorities. Walmart.com will grow faster, the seamless shopping experience we’re pursuing will happen quicker, and we’ll enable the Jet brand to be even more successful in a shorter period of time. Our customers will win. It’s another jolt of entrepreneurial spirit being injected into Walmart.”

CHOBANI LAUNCHES A FOOD INCUBATOR FOR ENTREPRENEURS

HOBANI has launched a food incubator to “help entrepreneurs and small food companies with big hearts and ideas, follow the path to challenge the food industry, improve broken systems and make a difference”, as stated by the company in a press release. Applicants were asked to electronically submit information about their products along with a short video and biographical information by August 2016 and finalists were notified in September. Incubator participants will receive equity-free grants, mentorship and access to leadership team. The program includes: 6-month incubator from October 2016 to March 2017, online and on-site; 2-3 team members participating on-site with key Chobani team members; monthly programs at Chobani locations across the U.S., including manufacturing facilities and a dedicated space in Chobani's New York offices; program culminating at EXPO West Natural Food Conference in Anaheim, CA, where Incubator participants may showcase products to broad members of the natural food community.

Resources with no-strings-attached involve: $25,000 grant to help grow business; travel, hotel and other expenses covered; and equity free capital. "Natural food start-ups with the right mindset can make a big difference," said Hamdi Ulukaya, Founder and CEO, Chobani. "I know that getting started can be the hardest part of the journey, so I designed the Chobani Food Incubator to share what we've learned when it comes to scaling up, challenging the big guys and fighting convention. This is a nostrings-attached, grant-based program to support entrepreneurs so we can further fuel the food revolution."

"Natural food start-ups with the right mindset can make a big difference," said Hamdi Ulukaya, Founder and CEO, Chobani.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Gourmet Gourmet

“ or even with meat, nuts and dried fruits add a deep WHEN COOKING WITHOUT MEAT, flavor and layers of texture plus good nutrients”

MOLLIE KATZEN

Mollie Katzen is the author of one of the best-selling vegetarian cookbook of all time (the famous Moosewood Cookbook). However, being considered the most influential personality of vegetarian cuisine in America does not prevent her from using meat in

some of her culinary creations. With a combined six million copies in print, Mollie Katzen has been named by Health Magazine as “one of the five women who changed the way we eat.” After publishing 12 books in the last three decades, she likes to present

herself as a cookbook author instead of a chef. Readers will note that Mollie Katzen cannot deny the great influence art has played in her career. Indeed, she is the author of the artworks adorning some of her books.

COOKBOOK AUTHOR

Mollie Katzen style in cuisine is… Simple and basic, featuring vegetables and fruit in season, legumes, whole grains, nuts, herbs, and healthy oils.

Which has been the main contribution you brought to vegetarian cuisine? I was one of the early cookbook authors to publish vegetarian cuisine before it was known as a cuisine.

Not being a chef, your life would have been oriented to…

Your best plan for having dinner at home on Friday night is…

I am actually not a chef. I am a cookbook author. My interests center on art, literature, music and philosophy in addition to food.

Lots of green vegetables, ideally from my garden, prepared with a very good olive oil and some garlic. A little bit of pasta (about half the volume of the vegetables) and some roasted walnuts and diced sweet tomatoes, if in season.

Apart from a distinguished cookbook author, Mollie Katzen is an artist. What has resulted from the fusion you have made between fine arts and cooking?

What is the role nuts and dried fruits play in your cuisine?

Healthy plant-based cooking and eating have been embraced, and people have moved away from needing to have a large (or any) portion of meat at the center of the plate.

You are very kind. The fact that my education was in fine arts, in particular, painting and drawing, led me to approach food from a very visual angle, and the natural beauty of the plant world dovetailed perfectly with this. I believe that the dinner plate should be beautiful and compelling, and that people eat “with their eyes” as well as with their other senses.

Nuts and dried fruits play a very large role, walnuts especially. When cooking without meat, or even with meat, they add a deep flavor and layers of texture, plus good nutrients. I like to use dried fruit as a counterpoint to strongly flavored bitter vegetables to balance out the taste and make things more interesting and sometimes even playful. They can give a good edge to the flavor.

For current generations, is vegetarianism a way of life or just a passing trend?

Who would you define as the person inspiring you the most in your career?

Do you have a special way to combine nuts and dried fruits in your culinary creations?

I think that eating more plants and plant-based food is a way of life and not a passing trend. Meat may come and go, but the plant orientation will likely stay.

Anna Thomas, author of The Vegetarian Epicure.

I am very flexible with these favored ingredients, and like to switch up the combinations in many ways. There are no rules! One of my favorite contexts for combining nuts and dried fruit is to toss them into cooked rice or a cold grain salad.

How has the food industry evolved since the Moosewood Cookbook was first released in the 70s?

Pre-packed foods is a category growing fast in US supermarkets. How can we encourage people to cook more at home? Acquaint people with the joy of a good, sharp knife! I do believe that is the key.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Gourmet

Celery-Almond-Date Saladita Yield: 4-5 servings Ingredients 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil 2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice 1 teaspoon light-colored honey 3 large stalks celery, very thinly sliced 4 to 6 dates, pitted and chopped 1 to 2 ounces high-quality blue cheese, crumbled ¼ cup almonds, chopped and lightly toasted Black pepper

Pecan Shortbread Cookies Yield: Makes about 5 dozen medium-sized cookies

Preparation 1. Combine the lemon juice, honey, and olive oil in a medium-sized bowl, and whisk to blend. 2. Toss in the celery and dates (you might need to separate them a bit with your fingers), and stir to coat. You can stir in the crumbled blue cheese at this point, or wait until later. Cover and chill for at least an hour (and overnight is fine). 3. Serve cold or at cool room temperature, topped with blue cheese (if you did not add it earlier), a sprinkling of almonds, and a delicate amount of black pepper.

From The Heart of the Plate: Vegetarian Recipes for a New Generation. © Photographs and illustrations are credited by Tante Malka, Inc.

Ingredients 1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter, softened in the bowl 2/3 cup sugar (can make it heaping if you like things sweeter) 1 generous cup pecan halves or pieces 2 cups unbleached all-purpose flour (plus extra for handling the dough) Rounded 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon baking powder Preparation 1. Heat the oven to 375°F. 2. Combine the pecans and 3 tablespoons of the flour in a food processor, and pulse a few times until the mixtures acquires the consistency of oat bran. Set aside. 3. Beat the butter for several minutes with an electric mixer at

high speed. Add the sugar and beat about 3 minutes. 4. In a second bowl, combine the remaining flour, salt, ground pecans and baking powder, slowly mixing them together with a whisk. When they are thoroughly combined, add the dry ingredients to the butter mixture. Use a spoon to mix the dough first, and then your hands, if necessary, working as quickly and efficiently as possible, and mixing just until the dough holds together. 5. Flour a clean, dry surface and roll the dough to about 1/2 inch thick. Cut it into simple shapes with a knife or a cookie cutter, and place the cookies on ungreased baking trays. 6. Bake for 10 to 12 minutes or until lightly browned on the bottom. Cool for at least 10 minutes before eating.

From The Heart of the Plate: Vegetarian Recipes for a New Generation. © Photographs and illustrations are credited by Tante Malka, Inc.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Legal Update

LEGAL UPDATE PESTICIDES

CANADA: MRLs UPDATE

Pesticide Isofetamid

Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency has announced that the following proposed maximum residue limits have been adopted:

Isopyrazam Cyantraniliprole Fluopyram

Product

MRL (ppm)

raisins almond nuts peanuts peanuts raisins

5 0.01 0.01 0.01 3

Adoption date 02-06-2016 25-07-2016 25-08-2016 11-09-2016

CHINA: MRLs UPDATE The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China has notified the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the National Food Safety Standard of the P.R.C.: Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Foods. According to an unofficial translation of the US Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service, the following MRLs in nuts and dried fruits have been proposed. The deadline for comments was October 4, 2016. Pesticide Acetamiprid Avermectin Azoxystrobin Bifenthrin

Product

MRL (ppm)

Pesticide

nuts

0.06

peanut kernel

0.05

Flubendiamide Fludioxonil Flusilazole

nuts (except pistachio)

0.01

Fluxapyroxad

dried plums

pistachio nuts nuts (except pistachio)

0.6

1 0.05 0.05*

Boscalid

pistachio

Bromine cyantraniliprole

dried plums

0.5*

almond

0.05

raisin

Buprofenzin Captan

raisin, dried plums raisin almond, walnut

Chlorpyrifos

Clothianidin

1 10

0.1

dried plums

0.5

dried plums

0.2 1

Cyprodinil

raisin

Deltamethrin

dried plums

0.05

Diazinon

almond

0.05

Diflubenzuron

nuts

0.2

peanut kernel

0.1

dried plums

0.5

Dimethomorph

raisin

Diniconazole

peanut kernel

Dinotefuran

raisin

Endosulfan

hazelnut, macadamia

Ethofenprox

raisin

Fenbuconazole

peanut

Imidacloprid Indoxacarb Iprodione Mancozeb

2 0.05

raisin

Glufosinate

5 0.5 3 0.02* 2 0.1

Methoxyfenozide Metiram Pendimethalin Penthiopyrad Propineb Pyraclostrobin

Pyrethrin Pyrimethanil Saflufenacil Spirodiclofen Thiram Zineb

Product

MRL (ppm)

nuts pistachio raisin peanut dried plums nuts dried plums nuts peanut kernel raisin dried plums almond almond nuts peanut raisin, dried plums almond peanut kernel nuts, peanut almond raisin dried plums nuts (except pistachios) pistachio nuts, peanut dried fruit raisin nuts raisin nuts almond almond

0.1* 0.2 0.3 0.01* 5* 0.1 0.3 0.01 0.02 5 3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.03 2 0.1 0.1 0.05* 0.1 5 0.8 0.02 1 0.5* 0.2* 5 0.01* 0.3 0.05 0.1 0.1

* Means that the limit is a temporary MRL.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Legal Update CHINA, TAIWAN: MRLs UPDATE Pesticide

The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu has notified the WTO of the Draft Standards for Pesticide Residue Limits in Foods. The draft includes the following MRLs in nuts and dried fruits.

MRL (ppm)

Product

Chlorothalonil

hazelnut

Fenpyrazamine

raisin

Date

0.05 3

Entered into force on 09-05-2016 Deadline for comments: 21-11-2016

EU: MRLs UPDATE The European Commission has issued the following regulations amending MRL of pesticides in nuts and fruits. Pesticide AMTT Diquat Dodine

Glufosinate

Product tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts tree nuts, apricots, plums

Regulation

0.01 * 0.02

grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

tree nuts, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

apricots

0.1

tree nuts, dates, figs

0.1

apricots, plums, grapes

14-01-2017

Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1002 of 17 June 2016

14-07-2016

Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1003 of 17 June 2016

19-01-2017

Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1015 of 17 June 2016

19-01-2017

Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1016 of 17 June 2016

0.15

cranberries, peanuts

0.03 *

Benzovindiflupyr

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

Acequinocyl

plums

1-naphthylacetamide

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.06 *

1-naphthylacetic acid

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.06 *

Chloridazon

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

Fluazifop-P

Adoption date

MRL (ppm)

0.02

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, dates, figs, peanuts

0.1 * 0.01 *

cranberries

0.1

Fuberidazole

Tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

Mepiquat

apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs

0.02 *

Tralkoxydim

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

Ethofumesate

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.03 *

Etoxazole

tree nuts, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

Fenamidone

tree nuts, apricots, plums, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

Flurtamone

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 *

Fluoxastrobin

tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts

0.01 * * Indicates lower limit of analytical determination.

JAPAN: MRLs UPDATE

USA: MRLs UPDATE

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has notified the WTO of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Revision of the Standards and Specifications for Foods and Food Additives under the Food Sanitation Act (revision of agricultural chemical residue standards)â&#x20AC;?, which includes the following MRL in nuts and dried fruits.

The US Environmental Protection Agency has established the following MRL in nuts and fruits:

Pesticide Fluazifop-butyl

Product peanuts grape pecan other nuts

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

MRL (ppm)

2 0.01 0.01 0.01

Date Deadline for comments: 01-10-2016

Pesticide

Flonicamid

Flupyradifurone

Product

MRL (ppm)

tree nuts, group 14-12 (except pistachios)

0.15

pistachios

0.60

fruit, stone, group 12-12

Adoption date

08-08-2016

1.5

13-09-2016

Legal Update

CONTAMINANTS EU: INCREASED LEVEL OF OFFICIAL CONTROLS On 25 June 2016, the European Union published the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1024 of 24 June 2016 amending Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 669/2009 as regards the list of feed and food of non-animal origin subject to an increased level of official controls on imports. Hazelnut from Georgia is added to the list of products that are subject to reinforced border checks. In addition, dried grapes from Afghanistan

(previously controlled at 50% frequency) and almonds from Australia (previously controlled at 20% frequency) are delisted. In addition, the list in Annex I will be reviewed on a regular basis and at least biannually, instead of quarterly. After the amendments, the control frequency for nuts and dried fruits is the following: Country of origin

Hazard

Frequency of physical and identity checks (%)

Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter

Gambia

Aflatoxins

Hazelnuts, in shell or shelled

Georgia

Aflatoxins

Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter

Madagascar

Aflatoxins

Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter

Sudan

Aflatoxins

Feed and food

Dried apricots and apricots otherwise prepared or preserved Pistachios, in shell or shelled Dried apricots and apricots otherwise prepared or preserved

Turkey

Sulphites

United States

Aflatoxins

Uzbekistan

Sulphites

CHINA, TAIWAN: AFLATOXINS MLs The Ministry of Health and Welfare of the separate customs territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu has notified the WTO of the Draft Sanitation Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food establishing the

Food

tolerance of heavy metals, mycotoxins, contaminants and toxins in foods. The Maximum Levels (ML) of aflatoxins total (B1+B2+G1+G2) proposed for nuts and dried fruit are the following: ML of aflatoxins total (B1+B2+G1+G2) (ppb)

ML of aflatoxins B1 (ppb) Raw material

Human consumption or ingredient

Raw material

Peanuts (groundnuts), removal of shell or husk

Almonds, pistachios, removal of shell or husk

Hazelnuts and Brazil nuts, removal of shell or husk

Apricot kernels, removal of shell or husk

Other tree nuts, removal of shell or husk

Dried figs

Other dried fruit raw material

PHILIPPINES: AFLATOXINS MLs The Department of Agriculture of Philippines has notified the WTO of the Draft National Standard for the General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed establishing the maximum levels (ML) of contaminants and natural toxicants in food and feed applicable in trade. As for nuts and dried fruits, the proposed ML of total aflatoxins (B1+B2+G1+G2) are the following:

Food

Human consumption or ingredient

ML of aflatoxins total (B1+B2+G1+G2) (ppb) Intended for further processing

Ready-to-eat

Almonds, hazelnuts, pistachios whole commodity after removal of shell

Brazil nuts, whole commodity

Peanuts, unless specified, seed or kernels, after removal of shell or husk

Dried figs, whole commodity

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Legal Update

QUALITY STANDARDS USA: STANDARDS FOR RAISINS

USA: PEANUT STANDARDS

USA: ALMOND QUALITY CONTROL

The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) revised the US Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins by removing five references to the term “midget”. The action is aimed at clarifying the grade standards by eliminating the use of the term “midget” and consistently using the term “small” for raisins graded in that category. The Rule entered into force on 25 July 2016.

The USDA, AMS revised the minimum quality and handling standards for domestic and imported peanuts marketed in the US as recommended the Peanut Standards Board. The rule revises the minimum quality, positive lot identification and reporting and recordkeeping requirements under the standards. It also makes numerous changes to better reflect current industry practices and revises outdated language. It is effective since August 31, 2016.

The USDA, AMS has published an interim rule changing the quality control requirements prescribed under the California Almond Marketing Order. This rule increases the inedible kernel tolerance from 0.50% to 2%. The rule is effective since August 18, 2016.

LABELING INDIA: GUIDELINES ON LABELING

USA: “HEALTHY” CLAIM ON LABELING

According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has issued new guidelines to modify the labeling requirements for imported primary food packages. The new guidelines modify the “Guidelines related to food import clearance process by FSSAI’s Authorized Officer” published on March 23, 2012. Specifically, the new guidelines state that for all primary food products, such as food grains, pulses, fruits, dry fruits, whole spices, etc. imported in package, the name and address of the importer can be verified from the documents that accompany the consignment. The labeling requirements for such products will require the following details:

On 28 September, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opened a public process to redefine the “healthy” nutrient content claim for food labeling. The regulatory criteria for use the claim “healthy” is being reevaluated in light of the latest nutrition science and the current dietary recommendations. As the rulemaking process can be lengthy, food manufacturers can continue to use the term “healthy” on foods that meet the current regulatory definition. In addition, the FDA has published a guidance for industry (Use of the Term “Healthy” in the Labeling of Human Food Products) with the purpose of advising manufacturers who wish to use the implied nutrient content claim “healthy” to label their food products. The requirements for foods that use the implied nutrient content claim “healthy” on their labels are as follow: a) Are not low in total fat, but have a fat profile makeup of predominantly mono and polyunsaturated fats; or b) contain at least ten percent of the Daily Value (DV) per reference amount customarily consumed (RACC) of potassium or vitamin D.

• Name of food • Name and complete address of the manufacturer/packer • Date of manufacture/packing • Net weight

• Lot number/Code number/ Batch number • Best before or use by date or date of expiry • Country of origin • FSSAI logo and license number

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

HOW THE 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFORMS THE FOOD INDUSTRY Recent advances in 3D printing technologies are already changing the perspective of the industrial sector including several ‘food scenarios’ that shall influence the upcoming future-food concept.

Dott. Ing. Danilo Spiga

Is an engineer specializing in digital design and 3D Food Printing. He combines food interests with digital-design skills to investigate the potential of new additive manufacturing technologies in the food sector, creating new food concepts with edible materials. He joined a research project promoted by Sardegna Ricerche, which aims at improving the value of Sardinian agriculture and food sector using the new additive manufacturing techniques.

D food printing is the technology that allows you to produce complex food shapes that would be difficult to achieve using traditional techniques in the food industry. Even if it looks complicated, the process could be comparable to a handmade cake decoration by pastry bag, depositing layer on layer of edible material achieving a design that grows in a third dimension. Moving this to the digital process, everything starts with drawing a 3D design by using software. Then, the design has to be sliced into layer design paths which will be deposited by a food printer with high precision achieving edible complex shapes or designs. Yet, opposed to what someone may think, at the present stage of technological development it is not reasonable to think that technology will replace the current methods of industrial production. Rather than that, 3D food printing will be soon a middle-stage market position, situated between ‘handmade’ and ‘industrial production’. The Advantatges The reasons for such a great evolution are mainly down to the following points. 3D food printing technology gives us the ability to: • Print complex edible designs, which are not possible to achieve by common food industry techniques. With 3D food printing you can achieve hollow designs describing different free shapes. Usually, it means there is no way to produce it with positive and negative molds because it would be impossible to extract the mold after the food injections without destroying the design that has been just created. This is one of the main reasons for choosing 3D printing techniques instead of the current ones. • Design versatility avoiding food industry standardization. As a common concept for the 3D printing process, it allows you to print any kind of different design in the same plate. The 3D printer will be printing everything previously designed in the 3D software, depositing the edible material we choose to work with. This is a considerable advantage in the food industry because it allows full freedom to customize the products without changing all the line production process. • Create complete customization of the dough composition extrusion, and thus being in absolute control of the ingredients chosen. The extruded dough can be handmade and customized at the users’ request, according to the design’s setup and flavors that we want to generate. Despite of the general ‘digital food’ concept, this expresses why 3D Food Printing process can be as healthy as desired. As amazing as it may sound, 3D food printing is a very user-friendly technology for consumers. Of course, consumer needs to have some basic 3D design skills and some 3D printing knowledge to setup the printer. However, it does not take so long for new users to become accustomed to having fun printing simple designs by handmade dough which, for the beginners, are usually cheese or different vegetarian paste mix.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Sardegna Ricerche Agency for innovation and technology transfer.

Pilot Project for the study and characterization of food matrices intended for 3D printing. (POR Sardegna, INNOVARE project 2007 – 2013).

Paolo Vinci

Agricultural Engineer specialized in Food Technologies.

Leonildo Contis Chef - Pâtissier.

Federico Gaudino Photographer.

Feature Articles «3D food printing is the technology that allows you to produce complex food shapes that would be difficult to achieve using traditional techniques in the food industry».

«3D food printing will be soon a middlestage market position, situated between ‘handmade’ and ‘industrial production’».

Technical Parameters If we move into an industrial environment, we have to consider some technical parameters which are crucial, as the main drawback for the food industry is 'time'. Usually, it will take between 30 seconds to 10 minutes to print a generic design, depending on the complexity and the edible material we are using for. If we compare it to the classic industrial line production, this is a relatively slow process. However, if you apply 3D food printing to specific products that are not already on the market, the additional time requirements are offset by the production of unique products. It is also important to note that not all food matrices are suitable for the extrusion technique, even if mostly are. Therefore, it is always needed to characterize and perform thorough tests in order to understand the potentialities of each food material during the printing process. From the above mentioned, it follows that 3D food printing is not yet a plug-and-print technology. Nevertheless, it is a technological process that can be developed and customized for each company, in accordance with the material they want to extrude and the products, as well as designs that they would like to print. 3D Food Printing in Nuts and Dried Fruits All agri-food industry sectors are suitable for 3D food printing technology, but in general best candidates are those having as a base a manufactured products with dough or raw powders foods that can be mixed to obtain edible pastes or creams. Considering this, dried fruits, nuts and their flours can be easily used as a good reference for the 3D printing process. Some dough I have been working with, comes from traditional food items, such as almonds and walnuts paste, which are used to produce some Sardinian sweets. These pastes are a result of general recipes including ground almonds (sweet and bitter) and/or walnuts, sugar and egg white and then mixed with different ingredients for each dessert. The dough mix is moist and structured enough so as to be perfect for printing and to achieve a high and complex design. Contrary to what industry usually expects, 3D printing technology is not the answer to gain speed in the handmade food production. Usually, items that can be easily produced by hand, cannot be obtained by a 3D food printer and vice versa. As an example, it is very complicated to produce a perfectly spherical shape with a 3D food printer and yet easy to achieve it by hand. On the contrary, it is simpler to get a free shape with specific variable curvature, or with a specific pattern, by a 3D food printer than to get it handmade. Nuts and dry fruits flavor's powder can be definitely used as specific components for more complex recipes suggested by a chefs’ creativity to obtain short crust or others dough coming from different cultures and personal preferences. Thus, this opens a range of possibilities for these products to become one of the main actors as a new and unexpected 'dough' in the 3D food printing process. Conclusion To sum it up, 3D Food Printing is a very new technological innovation that will take time to be well-adjusted to all the food-industry processes, as well as being completely useful and competitive in the market. On the other hand, this technology is opening new horizons in the way of thinking about food in terms of health, creativity, design and taste compositions.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

TACKLING MALNUTRITION WITH PEANUTS IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES Malnutrition is known as a “silent epidemic” in the health community and is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality. Addressing this issue through readyto-use therapeutic foods has significantly impacted the rates of acute malnutrition.

Maleeha Ahmad and Dr. Mark Manary

Dr. Mark Manary is a physician and researcher at Washington University in St. Louis. He founded Project Peanut Butter, a non-profit working to end acute malnutrition. Dr. Manary has a wide experience with childhood malnutrition, working in the field and publishing numerous academic articles. Maleeha Ahmad is the Communications Officer for Project Peanut Butter. Currently, she is obtaining her Master's of Public Health at Washington University in St. Louis. Using her background in photography she hopes to raise awareness for certain public health issues, like severe acute malnutrition.

n many developing countries, there are a lack of resources leading to an improper diet and chronic malnutrition. These countries tend to have staple crops that have limited micronutrients and simple carbohydrates. For instance, in Malawi the staple crops are corn and cassava, which lack proper nutrients. On the other hand, peanuts are nature’s super food and are highly nutritious. This article will discuss the benefits of peanuts and its role in reducing malnutrition. Due to the complexity of malnutrition, defining several terms in accordance with UNICEF is necessary to clarify the meaning. Stunting is chronic undernutrition during a child’s critical growth period and at least two standard deviations below the median in height for age. Underweight children are 0 to 59 months whose weight for age is at least two standard deviations below the average. Wasting is seen as acute malnutrition and defined as weight for height that is two standard deviations below the average in a 0 to 59 month old child. Overweight is the percentage of children 0 to 59 months whose weight for height is above two standard deviations from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. For the purposes of this article, malnutrition will be used in reference to wasting in children 0 to 59 months. Globally, the prevalence of wasting in

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

children younger than five in 2011 was 8% and the prevalence of underweight was 15.7%. Even though malnutrition is a transdisciplinary problem, the underlying issue is primarily a lack of proper micronutrients. A decrease in certain micronutrients can be fatal or lead to stunting, anemia, blindness, etc. Around half of the world’s children under the age of five suffer from at least one micronutrient deficiency. The most common micronutrient deficiency is iron, affecting both developed and developing countries. Iron deficiency is prevalent among children and pregnant women and the sub-Saharan African population is especially susceptible to its impact. Around 2 billion people are anemic, have a low hemoglobin concentration, and most are due to a deficiency in iron. Anemia is prevalent among 43% of children below 5 years of age and 38% of pregnant women and is considered to be a “severe” problem according to WHO. As stated before, children in underdeveloped countries are prone to malnutrition due to several factors. Some products that have nutrients either do not keep well or require preparation, which takes time away from a mother’s work in the field or at home. Peanuts are packed with nutrition but not enough to treat a child with severe acute malnourishment (SAM). Hence, Dr. Mark Manary developed a formula that is a fortified peanut butter paste: peanuts, oil, sugar,

and a nutrient fortified milk formula. This paste does not require any preparation on the mother’s end and most children are able to consume on their own due to the packaging. Also, this ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) has a long shelf-life and can be given without the help of a clinician. Through a proper and guided regiment of eating RUTF, a child with SAM can recover in an average of six weeks. Peanuts’ Health Benefits One of peanut’s many benefits are the high levels of unsaturated fatty and bioactive compounds. These compounds include highquality vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. Roasted, unprocessed peanuts provide 24.4 kJ per gram, which is equivalent to 585 kcal, and are relatively low in sodium content. Other general components of peanuts per 100 grams are carbohydrates (21.51 g), fiber (8.0 g), lipids (49.66 g), and proteins (23.68 g). There are numerous other molecular compounds like amino acids and vitamins that make up a peanut. Peanuts, similar to meats and other legumes, are high in protein and once included in the diet can curb malnutrition. They contain all the 9 essential amino acids required for normal body growth and to prevent diseases like Kwashiorkor.

Feature Articles almonds brazil nuts cashews dehydrated fruit dried fruit hazelnuts macadamia nuts peanuts pecans pine kernels pistachios pumpkin seeds sunflower seeds walnuts

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Also, peanuts contain most of the watersoluble vitamins, specifically Vitamin B, and Vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin. In the minerals category, peanuts have high levels of magnesium, zinc, and iron. The aforementioned nutrients are only a select few, peanuts can be deconstructed even further to find other beneficial vitamins and minerals. Project Peanut Butter (PPB) uses the micronutrients already in peanuts and builds upon them by fortifying the RUTF with extra nutrients. Additional reasons for roasting the peanuts is reducing the risks of high levels of aflatoxin and improving the digestibility. Aflatoxin is a poison produced by fungus that is highly susceptible in peanuts. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has enforced a

ca ll: +44 (0) 208 202 6600

ruling that 20 parts per billion are the maximum amount of aflatoxin allowed in any food. PPB follows this ruling by testing the levels of aflatoxin in each batch of RUTF to assure there is no aflatoxin-related sickness in the children. Project Peanut Butter PPB is a 501(c)(3) whose mission is to seek and “to advance the treatment of severe malnutrition […] using effective, locally produced ready-touse therapeutic foods.” PPB utilizes RUTF that is locally produced and locally staffed in Sierra Leone, Malawi, and Ghana. Similar to other developing countries, the rural areas in subSaharan Africa are one of the populations that is most negatively affected by disease and lack

www.kenkko.com

of resources. The reasons for this group to be disadvantaged are due to their living conditions, lack of access to care, and higher rates of mortality compared to the urban population. Other populations at a disadvantage are pregnant women and children 0-23 months; the first 1000 days of a child’s life are the most important. The time from conception to 23 months is vital, because after this period the harm done can be irreversible. Also, individuals whose mothers have a lower education are more susceptible to malnutrition. Due to the importance of the first 1000 days and child development, PPB focuses on children 6 months to 59 months old; RUTF has been shown to have an impact only on children.

References. 1. Investing In the Future: A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies. United Call to Action; 2009. Available at: http://www.unitedcalltoaction.org/documents/investing_in_the_future. pdf. 2. Stevens GA, Finucane MM, De-Regil LM, et al. Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data. The Lancet Global Health 2013;1(1). Available at: http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/langlo/piis2214-109x(13)70001-9. pdf. 3. Anticona C, Sebastian MS. Anemia and malnutrition in indigenous children and adolescents of the Peruvian Amazon in a context of lead exposure: a cross-sectional study. Global Health Action 2014;7. 4. Alderman H, Elder L, Goyal A, et al. Improving nutrition through multisectoral approaches. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2013. Avaialble at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17211210/ improvingnutrition-through-multisectoral-approaches 5. Hung NL. "Nut/Peanut Consumption and Mortality." JAMA Internal Medicine – Improving Health and Health Care. JAMA, 01 May 2015. Web. 6. Settaluri, VS, CVK Kandala, N. Puppala, and J. Sundaram. "Peanuts and Their Nutritional Aspects—A Review." Food and Nutrition Sciences 3 (2012): 1644-650. Scientific Research. Web. 7. Ros E. "Health Benefits of Nut Consumption." Nutrients. MDPI, July 2010. Web. 8."Peanuts." Peanuts. N.p., n.d. Web.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

HAZELNUTS, THE FASTEST GROWING AND MOST DYNAMIC AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN GEORGIA HEPA, along with the Georgian government and its development partners, are striving to expand and enhance the hazelnut sector’s market infrastructure and processes to increase production volumes, provide a stable supply of high-quality exports, and boost the international brand and reputation of “Georgian Hazelnuts” in export markets, especially in the European Union (EU), which represents 8 of the top 10 export markets.

ith an estimated 99% of total production exported, Georgian hazelnuts play a vital role in Georgia’s national economy and its potential growth. With USD 183 million and USD 176 million in exports in 2014 and 2015 calendar years, respectively, the Georgian hazelnut sector represents the highest agricultural export from Georgia. The sector’s potential is demonstrated by its rapid growth from the 2010 marketing cycle (August 2010-July 2011) of 12,182 MT (USD 65.6 million) to 24,514 MT (USD 173.4 million) for the 2015 marketing cycle. For the 2015 marketing cycle, hazelnuts were exported to 43 countries, with the top 10 export markets being Italy, Germany, Russia, Czech Republic, Spain, France, Belgium, UK, Tunisia, and Slovakia. Italy and Germany together represent 51% of Georgia’s exports, demonstrating Georgia’s commitment to quality of production and Georgia’s historic shift to serving high-value markets (see Figure 1). Georgia’s hazelnut sector’s level of attraction is further evidenced by the recent entry of several international investors from Italy (Ferrero International), the US (Caro Nut), Switzerland (Anka Fair Trade), Singapore (Olam Group), and the Czech Republic (Tree Nut), including two of the largest global hazelnut companies. These new foreign investments suggest there is significant unlocked growth potential for the hazelnut sector in Georgia. This shift to high-value markets and new foreign investments is a result of the rapid development of the sector over the past

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

The Hazelnut Processors and Exporters Association of Georgia

The Hazelnut Processors and Exporters Association (HEPA) represents 38 of the largest firms in the sector, promotes Georgian hazelnuts internationally, and cooperates with the Georgian government, the Georgian Hazelnut Growers Association (GHGA), and the Georgian Hazelnut Improvement Project (G-HIP) to improve product quality throughout the country and provide technical skills training for producers and processors.

Figure 1 - Exports by Country for 2015 Marketing Cycle (by Market Share)1

16%

Italy 27%

Germany Russia

Czech Republic

3% 3%

Spain France

Belgium

UK 5%

Tunisia Slovakia

6% 7%

several years and the increased production volumes of high-quality hazelnuts. Based on surveys conducted by the Georgian Ministry of Agriculture’s regional Information-Consultation Centers (ICC) in 2015, total production volumes have increased to 64,616 MT in 2015 with a production area of 60,087 ha, with the majority (86.5% of production volumes and 87.9% of planted areas) from the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Guria, and Imereti regions (see Figure 2). These production volumes correspond well with extrapolated production volumes based on net export statistics for hazelnut kernel volumes, which were 24,514 MT, indicating that actual inshell hazelnuts processed were about 65,00070,000 MT2. Furthermore, adjusting for the effects of post-harvest losses would suggest that the actual total production of in-shell

24%

Others (33)

hazelnuts could be even greater than reported. As local industry experts continue to estimate the average size of plantations to be about 1.0 ha, it is possible that up to 60,000 producers are active in the Georgian hazelnut sector. Combined with the export figures above, these production area and volume trends clearly indicate how significant the hazelnut production sector is to the overall Georgian economy and rural incomes and confirm the potential for growth in the sector. Conservative estimates of new plantation development range from 500-700 ha of new production area. Existing plantations are predominantly composed of local varieties, with the trend of new planting towards the new Italian varieties. Beginning in the 2013 planting season, AgriGeorgia LTD sold over

Feature Articles Figure 2 - Production Survey Results from ICCs (2015)

Region Kakheti Kvemo Kartli Mtskheta-Mtianeti Shida Kartli Samtskhe-Javakheti Imereti Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo, Zemo Svaneti

Land (ha)

Harvest (MT)

(MT/ha)

2,435

4.10%

3,078

4.80%

1.26

0.10%

182

0.30%

2.22

222

0.40%

0.10%

0.38

0.10%

116

0.20%

1.56

0.00%

7,046

11.70%

7,353

11.40%

1.04

0.10%

1.31

35,861

59.70%

33,021

51.10%

0.92

Guria

9,907

16.50%

15,505

24.00%

1.57

Adjara

4,394

7.30%

5,192

8.00%

1.18

60,087 100.00%

64,616

100.00%

1.08

Total

Compiled from monthly customs data. “Export-Import Information according to Partner Countries”, Ministry of Finance of Georgia website, http://www.mof.ge/en/4685. 2 Assuming a kernel yield of 35-38%. 1

450,000 Italian varieties to local plantations, representing about 700 ha throughout the country. Specifically, local varieties include Anakliuri, Gulshishvela, Berdznula, Mzhavela, Dedoplis-Tita, Kharis-Tvala, and Shveliskura, and the new Italian varieties include Tonda di Giffoni, Tonda Romana, Mortarela, Nochionne and Camponica. In collaboration with the MoA, HEPA has been very successful in promoting product standardization and food safety for hazelnut exports. In 2015-16, HEPA played a positive role in assisting the Ministry of Agriculture to develop and pass into law the recently implemented hazelnut product standards and food safety laws for shelled hazelnut kernel exports. These laws and their subsequent enforcement by the National Food Agency have significantly improved Georgia’s image in export markets, particularly in the EU.

Additionally, HEPA has also partnered with the Georgian Hazelnut Growers Association (GHGA) - both of whom receive assistance from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) - and the Georgian Hazelnut Improvement Project (G-HIP), which is funded by USAID, to design and implement several technical market development initiatives for the period of 2016-20, many of which will in the same way cooperate with the Ministry of Agriculture and its Agricultural Projects’ Management Agency (APMA). These initiatives will focus on providing training in and adoption of modern production and post-harvest practices for Georgian hazelnut producers, dryers, storage facilities, and processors to not only increase production and export volumes but also to improve the quality of the hazelnuts. With its partners, HEPA is in the process of designing a new quality-based purchasing scheme for

producers and processors, with a training program for its members on implementation methods and processes. Similarly, HEPA and GHGA members will participate in future “on-the-job” training programs with hazelnut associations in Italy to obtain the required experience in drying and storage technologies. Furthermore, these initiatives will also focus on promoting new investment in critical market infrastructure – particularly for cleaning, drying, and storage facilities at the village-level – to establish and protect the quality of the hazelnuts harvested and to mitigate post-harvest losses. Together with HEPA’s ongoing efforts to promote Georgian hazelnuts in the international markets and to shift further to high-value markets, these initiatives will greatly enhance the international reputation and branding of “Georgian hazelnuts” in export markets, due to their higher and more stable quality.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC HAZELNUT PRODUCTION Organic growing is an alternative agricultural system to produce healthier foods. Like many crops, organic hazelnut growing became an interest for many growers. Pest management without using chemical pesticides is one of the main challenges of organic production.

azelnut is one of the most important nut crops in the world and has its origins in Anatolia. Hazelnut kernels are generally used in confectionary industry to produce cream and chocolate as well as snacks. Turkey is the largest producer of hazelnuts in the world, accounting for approximately 75% of worldwide production. Other main hazelnut producing countries are Italy, Azerbaijan, Georgia, USA and Spain. Organic Hazelnut Production: Well-known side effects of agro-chemicals and the need to eat healthier foods in addition to some socio-cultural developments in the world have led to the organic growing concept. Organic agriculture has been growing very fast worldwide during the last years and now hundreds of countries produce millions of hectares of organic crops. Hazelnut is one of the main nut crops grown organically. Turkey produces nearly 10,000 tons of organic hazelnut yearly and also Italy and Spain produce organic hazelnut. Pest Management In Organic Production: Pest management without using chemical pesticides represents one of the main challenges in organic production. The organic growing concept has fundamental restrictions on crop insects, diseases and weeds control and most of the conventional pesticides are banned. An organic growing system involves the adoption of ecologically sound practices and emphasizes the use of multiple and varied tactics incorporated into the cropping system design to prevent damaging from pests, thus minimizing the need for curative solutions1. Restrictions in organic growing may vary slightly according to each country regulations.

Hazelnut Pests: There are several arthropods, diseases and weeds which cause substantial damage during plant growing. Depending on the year, growing conditions and control measures, hazelnut pests can reduce yields by 20-50% worldwide2. Pest species and their damage level can vary depending on countries and years. Hundreds of insects and mite species have been determined in hazelnut orchards3. Some insects threat the production while some others affect tree health and kernel quality. Major arthropod pests are hazelnut weevil (Balaninus nucum), true bugs (Palomena prasina and Gonocerus acutengulatus) and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) in Europa and Asia, filbertworm (Cydia latiferranea) in USA and big bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae) in all producing regions. Despite the great number of hazelnut diseases, only Eastern filbert blight (Anisogramma anomala) in USA, powdery mildew (Phyllactinia guttata) in Turkey and Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas

arboricola pv. corylina) seem to have economic importance4,5. Furthermore, many weed species that compete with hazelnut trees are present in orchards4. Since insects, diseases and weeds are usually controlled by using chemical pesticides in conventional hazelnut growing, the primary challenge of organic hazelnut growing has been to economically control pests in many countries. Pest Management: Good monitoring is the basis of pest management in organic growing. Monitoring reveals the current pests and their levels and decisions to pest control are made depending on pest levels in orchards. Not only monitoring of pest species is necessary, beneficial organisms must be considered as well. There are hundreds of natural enemies in hazelnut orchards, therefore, natural and fortuitous biological control is perhaps the most dominant pest population suppression factor.

Fig. 1 Hazelnut weevil adult (left) and its damage on nuts (right)

Fig. 2 Adults green shield bug (left) and their damage on kernel (right)

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles Celal Tuncer, PhD

He is the convener of the IX International Congress on Hazelnut, to be held in Samsun, Turkey between 15-19 August 2017. He is a professor and Head of Department of Plant Protection at Ondokuz Mayis University, Samson, Turkey

As a general rule, sanitation and clean orchard practices are recommended for pest control in hazelnut orchards. Plant insect and pathogen-free nursery stock must be used. Various mechanical methods can also be used to control some of the hazelnut pests in cheap labor countries. Biological control approaches are currently limited to conservation and augmentation of natural enemies in many hazelnut growing countries. There is no effective biologic control program for the abovementioned main hazelnut pests. Unfortunately, currently host plant resistance cannot be used for many pests other than big bud mites and Eastern filbert blight. On the other hand, cultivars resistance to pests is not the only desirable trait to take into account in organic growing. Management of Arthropod Pests Hazelnut weevil: Picking and destroying damaged nuts in August is the main cultural control method in Turkey. Soil tillage with hoe around trees is also recommended to kill larvae. Collecting and destroying the adults by the beating sheet method has been used for many years in Turkey. Regarding approved phytosanitary products, the biopesticide Spinosad is registered in Turkey and some fungus and nematode based biopreperations can be used with moderate effectiveness. Filbertworm: Cultural control based on complete and frequent removal and destruction of premature nut drops provides the most effective control against this pest. Spinosad, Azadirachtin and B.thuringiensis products are registered preparations. The mating disruption method for filbertworm was found to be effective in USA2,4.

Big bud mites: A breeding program in Oregon obtained highly resistant varieties to the big bud mites. Growing resistant varieties, such as Barcelona, is an effective way to reduce their incidence6. Collecting and destroying damaged buds is practicable in shrubby orchards and with cheap labor, like in Turkey and Georgia. Sulphur application is a very common and effective way to control this pest. Ambrosia beetles: Heavily infested branches and trees should be removed and burned until early March, before adult emergence starts. These insects prefer trees in poor conditions, thus good fertilization, pruning and watering are important practices in order to keep the trees vigorous against these pests. Red winged sticky ethanol trap is very effective for mass trapping of beetles7. True bugs: Unfortunately, there are no effective organic control methods against these pests, which significantly reduce kernel quality. Since the young nymphs feed on weeds in hazelnut orchards, during June and July, weed control is applied before insects move to hazelnuts. In addition, some important host plants of these pests, like mulberry, should be controlled7. Also, intercropping including bean, soybean etc. which are hosts for many bugs as well, may increase the bug populations, therefore it should be avoided. Disease Management Eastern filbert blight: Host genetic resistance is the best way to control this disease; many advanced selections and recently released cultivars carry resistance. Copper products are often used for the first application at bud swell. It is also common to remove infected branches below cankered area and to burn them prior to bud break in the spring4.

Powdery mildew: Sulphur products are used successfully. Applications must start after first observations of disease and later repeated. Bacterial Blight: Copper products are very effective. Non-bearing trees are treated in September, before the fall rains begin, and a second time in October. They may be applied to newly planted trees after planting. It is frequent to prune out infected twigs and branches. It is also advised to reduce stress and maintain healthy and vigorous trees4. Weed control Weed control is important because it helps reduce competition for water and nutrients in young trees. In many countries, weeds are mechanically controlled by motorized or hand tools. Mulch (such as sawdust, compost or straw) can be applied around the tree and flail mowing is used to control the weeds between the tree rows. In cheap labor countries, mechanical control is a good alternative for herbicides and some weeds can also be used for feeding animals. Constraints and Advantages Nowadays most of the pesticides are banned in organic production and a few registered organic pesticides are still expensive compared to chemical ones. Additionally, it is not possible to find them easily because of their narrow market share in developing countries. Market value of organic hazelnut compared to conventional does not support sufficiently the use of expensive preparations and tools. On the other hand, developing countries may have more chances of applying some labor intensive-methods for pest control in organic hazelnut growing.

References. 1. G. Zehnder, G.M. Gurr, S. Künhe , M.R. Wade , S.D. Wratten and E. Wyss. Arthropod pest management in organic crops. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 52: 57-80. (2007). 2. M.T. AliNiazee. Ecology and management of hazelnut pests. Ann. Rev. Ent. 43: 395-419. (1998). 3. C.Tuncer and O. Ecevit. Current status of hazelnut pests in Turkey. Acta Hort. 445: 545-552. (1997). 4. J. De Francesco and D. Clarke. Pest Management Strategic Plan for Hazelnuts in Oregon and Washington, Summary of a workshop held on November 29, 2006. Oregon. 61p. (2006). 5. T. Karadeniz, S.Z. Bostan, C. Tuncer and C. Tarakçıoğlu. Fındık Yetiştiriciliği. Ordu Ziraat Odası Yayın no: 1, 154p. (2009). (6) S.A. Mehlenbacher. Genetic improvement of the hazelnut. Acta Hort. 351: 23-38. (1994). 7. C. Tuncer. Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Hazelnut Growing. Acta Hort. No: 845: 571-578. (2009).

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF DRIED FRUITS

Dr. Cesarettin Alasalvar

Dried fruits are rich sources of essential nutrients and health-promoting bioactive compounds. Epidemiological evidences have demonstrated an association between dried fruit consumption and diet quality 1,2 .

Dr. Sui Kiat Chang

hytochemicals of Dried Fruits Phytochemicals are non-nutritive, naturally occurring, and biologically active compounds found in the plant kingdom. However, a large percentage of phytochemicals is still unknown and remains to be identified by the scientific community. Dried fruits provide a wide range of phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids, flavonols, phytoestrogens, and anthocyanidins (Figure 1) and possess strong antioxidant activities (Table 1) 2, 3.

Beneficial Health Effects of Dried Fruits Since numerous health - beneficial phytochemicals are found even after processing of fruits, regular intake of dried fruits can render various health benefits. Dried fruits are essential sources of potassium and dietary fibre with a low content of fat (0.320.93 g/100 g). It has been reported that consumption of 40 g (on a per serving basis) of dried fruits supplies 3.8-9.9% of potassium and more than 9% of dietary fibre according to

TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) for adults. High intake of potassium can help in reducing blood pressure. High ﬁbre diets reduce the risk of developing various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type II diabetes, obesity, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dried fruits are excellent sources of carbohydrates and sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Due to their high content of carbohydrates and sweetness, dried fruits are expected to exert a high glycemic index (GI) (70 and above) and insulin response. However, various studies have demonstrated that dried fruits have a low (55 and lower) to moderate (56-69) glycemic and insulin indices, and hence, good glycemic and insulin response comparable to those of fresh fruits. This could be due to the presence of ﬁbre, phenolic compounds, including tannins that are able to moderate the response. Thus, dried fruits with a low GI may help reduce the risk of diabetes and are useful for the medical nutritional

Dr. Fereidoon Shahidi

Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada.

therapy of hyperglycemic conditions. Dietary phytoestrogens in dried fruits also play beneﬁcial roles in diabetes, bone health, breast cancer, CVD, and metabolic syndrome. As an example, isoﬂavones and lignans from dates appear to act through various mechanisms to modulate pancreatic insulin secretion or through antioxidant action. In addition, they may act via estrogen receptormediated mechanisms. Recently, it has been shown that genistein and daidzein from dates play important roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Besides, genistein and daidzein also improve plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption.

Table 1: Phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of selected dried fruits. Dried fruits

Apples

Apricots

Cranberries

Dates

Figs

Peaches

Pears

Prunes

Raisins

Phytochemicals Total phenolicsa Flavonoidsb Flavonolsb Phytoestrogensc Isoflavonesc Total lignansc Carotenoidsd

916 nr nr nr nr nr nr

2256 56.8f nr 445 39.8 401 2.2

1819 7.66 4.5 nr nr nr nr

661e 2.63 0.93 330 5.1 324 0.97

1234 105f Nr Nr Nr Nr 0.03

1260 nr nr nr nr nr 2.1

1196 nr nr nr nr nr nr

1032 2.6 1.8 184 4.2 178 0.7

2414 0.9 0.26 30.2 8.1 22 nd

Antioxidant activities DPPH (mg of AAE/100 g dw) ORAC (µmol TE/100 g) TAC (µmol TE/g) L-ORACFL (µmol TE/g) H-ORACFL (µmol TE/g) FRAP (mmol of Fe2+equivalents/kg)

875 6681 nr nr nr nr

3846 3234 nr nr nr 36.6

3079 nr nr nr nr nr

nr 2387 23.9 0.3 23.6 nr

1087 3383 33.8 1.8 32.0 14.4

1442 4222 67.6 nr nr nr

1301 9496 nr nr nr nr

3112 8578 85.8 1.8 84 60.5

1346 10450 30.4 0.35 30.02 23.3

This Table was compiled with permission from Reference 2. Abbreviations: AAE (ascorbic acid equivalents), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), dw (dry weight), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), fw (fresh weight), GAE (gallic acid equivalents), H-ORACFL (hydrophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity), L-ORACFL (lipophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity), nd (not detected), nr (not reported), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), QE (quercetin equivalents), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and TE (trolox equivalents). a Data are expressed as mg of AAE/100 g dw. b Data are expressed as mg/100 g edible portion. c Data are expressed as µg/100 g edible portion. d Data are expressed as mg/100 g fw. e Data are expressed as mg of GAE/100 g. f Data are expressed as mg of QE/100 g.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles Hence, it may be presumed that high amounts of phytoesterogens present in dried fruits may potentially help maintaining normal glucose and lipid metabolism in both healthy populations as well as in obese/diabetic patients. Various scientific evidences suggest that individuals who regularly consume dried fruits suffer from a lower risk of CVD, obesity, certain types of cancer, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoporosis and other NCDs. The health benefits of dried fruits are mainly due to the additive and synergistic combinations of their essential nutrients and phytochemicals (such as anthocyanidins, carotenoids, phytoestrogens, flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, and phenolic acids) related to their antioxidant activities1, 2, 4, and 5. Future Perspectives of Dried Fruits To the best of our knowledge, limited information is available regarding the functional characteristics and potential applications of various dried fruits and their processing byproducts. Raisins, dried apricots, and dried figs are indispensable ingredients in breads, cakes, cookies, pies, puddings, tarts, pastries, jams, marmalades, and confectionery products as a delicious ingredient. They are mixed or added to several cereals and cereal-based products such as muesli logs, fruit filled cereals, nuggets, yogurts, ice creams, and even in some types of cheeses. With the advancement in food processing technologies, a wide variety of dried fruits and their combinations are now available in the supermarkets, indicating their increased popularity. There is a great opportunity for developing functional foods from dried fruits both within and across various countries. The future of functional foods based on dried fruits depends on their efficacy in promoting health. Therefore, a structured approach for designing and developing dried fruit-based functional finished products should be pursued to address the technical challenges and their associated solutions during food design, formulation, processing, and storage2.

Figure 1. Structures of representative phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonols, phytoestrogens, and anthocyanidins) reported in dried fruits.

Conclusion Dried fruits are nutritionally equivalent to fresh fruits in smaller serving sizes. They have unique combination of taste/aroma, essential nutrients, fibre, and phytochemicals. Dried fruits are important for human health in providing great nourishment and health benefits. More research should be carried out to determine the complete profiles of phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, and carotenoids of other dried fruits in relation to their antioxidant and other bioactivities. Considerable opportunities exist in the dried fruit-based functional food products for expansion and innovation. Hence, more sophisticated human intervention and clinical trials are needed to validate the health benefits of various dried fruits.

References. 1. Alasalvar, C., & Shahidi, F. (2013). Nutritional composition, phytochemicals, and health benefits of dates. In C. Alasalvar and F. Shahidi (Eds.), Dried fruits: phytochemicals and health effects (pp. 428-443). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 2. Chang, S. K.; Alasalvar, C. A., & Shahidi, F. (2016). Review of dried fruits: phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health benefits. Journal of Functional Foods, 21, 113-132. 3. Bhagwat, S., Haytowitz, D. B., & Holden, J. M. (2014). USDA Database for the flavonoid content of selected foods, release 3.1. <http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata/flav> Accessed 25.03. 2015. 4. Keast, D. R., O'Neil, C. E., & Jones, J. M. (2011). Dried fruit consumption is associated with improved diet quality and reduced obesity in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Nutrition Research, 31, 460-467. 5. Kundu, J. K., & Surh, Y. -J. (2013). Cancer chemopreventive effects of selected dried fruits. In C. Alasalvar and F. Shahidi (Eds.), Dried fruits: phytochemicals and health effects (pp. 19-51). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

GREAT PROJECTIONS FOR

CHILEAN WALNUTS OVER THE NEXT 5 YEARS

Karl Samsing

Chile is the third largest exporter of walnuts worldwide, the largest from the southern hemisphere and the one with the fastest growth in the world production. Nowadays, this is the main item within the nuts and dried fruit category that Chile exports.

Álvaro Jiménez

he walnut industry is at a turning point in Chile, as evidenced by the intense rainfall experienced last April (see figure 1), which left the sector facing a catastrophe that led to some key lessons and challenges to find innovative solutions in terms of harvesting, hulling, drying and logistics to face future development in a more efficient manner. Today, Chile has more than 98,000 acres of planted land, making walnuts the second largest country fruit-related industry, second only to table grapes. 5 years ago, Chile only produced 37,000 metric tons. Today, it produces 70,000 metric tons and is projected to double that amount over the next 5 years. According to industry forecasts, by the year 2021, Chile will produce 166,472 metric tons of walnuts, with 120,000 planted acres, 75% of which will be Chandler walnuts, 22% Serr and the remaining 3% will consist of other varieties. This explosive growth poses a significant challenge in terms of investments in technology and logistics to handle the enhanced volume, but at the same time, such investments also have to guarantee a better response to weather problems, like the intense rainfall that impacted the sector last season. During this period, the industry will require over 100 million dollars in investments, mainly related to hulling and drying. In this regard, it is important to recall that just this last April, the central area of Chile experienced the greatest rainfall recorded in this month in the last 65 years, with a surplus that added up to over 1,000% in certain production areas. The consequences on agriculture were severe and walnuts were probably the export sector that was struck the hardest by this disaster. In light of these events and the lessons learned, the Chilean walnut industry – one of the most dynamic agricultural sectors of the last decade, shipping nearly US$ 400 million worth of annual exports – has set its sights on coming up with some major definitions and on working together between growers and exporters to better face the scenario coming in the near future.

Chairman of Chilean Walnut Commission (www.chileanwalnut.com)

Chairman of Chile Nut (www.chilenut.cl)

Figure 1.- Precipitations in Chile

Region

Normal Pp in April (average last 20 years)

Average Pp in April 2016

Maximum Pp in April 2016

VALPARAÍSO

13.3

99.5

METROPOLITANA

10.4

98.9

145.9

O'HIGGINS

21.2

165.8

362.4

MAULE

32.2

81.4

109.5

Source: Dirección Metereológica de Chile

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Health News

NUT CONSUMPTION REDUCES INFLAMMATION, A MECHANISM IMPLICATED IN DIABETES, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES Nut consumption has been associated with an anti-inflammatory effect potentially explaining the beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease prevention. The anti-inflammatory effect of nuts may also contribute to prevent other chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline associated to aging.

he benefits of nut consumption on cardiovascular health have been consistently supported by several evidences. Several epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association between the frequency of nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)1, which share a low-grade systemic inflammation as a well-established common antecedent2. Nuts, a key component of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), may confer protection against inflammation due to their content in a variety of healthful components such as magnesium, fiber, α-linolenic acid, L-arginine, antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids3. Therefore, many studies4,5 have evaluated the effect of nut consumption in different inflammatory biomarkers.

"The anti-inflammatory effect could be explained by the variety of healthful components in nuts, such as magnesium, fiber, α-linolenic acid, L-arginine, antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids. Different epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse association between nut consumption and inflammation. In 2008, the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) study4 showed that those individuals who had the highest nut intake at baseline, presented lower concentrations of some peripheral inflammatory biomarkers; such as interleukine-6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) which is the end product of the in vivo inflammatory cascade in our bodies. Furthermore, a sub-analysis of the Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis5 concluded that a frequent consumption of nuts was associated with lower concentrations of CRP, IL-6 and fibrinogen. On the other hand, a recent cross-sectional study6 published by the Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health has focused on assessing the associations between nut consumption and some fasting plasma inflammatory biomarkers in 5013 non-diabetic participants, from 2 large prospective cohorts: The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS).

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Laura Barrubés Piñol Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó Human Nutrition Unit from the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain). CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid (Spain).

In this paper, researchers showed that a higher consumption of nuts (peanuts + other nuts) was associated with lower amounts of some plasma inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP and IL-6 after adjusting for demographic, medical, dietary, lifestyle and other confounding variables. This association comparing subjects with nut intake of ≥5 times/wk and those in the categories of never or almost never consuming was independent of body mass index and did not differ by sex. In addition, higher consumption of other types of nuts was significantly associated with lower concentrations of some inflammatory molecules in blood, such as CRP and IL-6, whereas a high consumption of peanuts was associated with lower levels of CRP and Tumor Necrosis Factor 2. Furthermore, these researchers also assessed the effect of substituting 3 servings of nuts/wk for 3 servings of red meat, processed meat, eggs or refined grains/wk and this theoretically substitution was associated with significant lower peripheral levels of CRP and IL-6. Similarly, CRP also was lower when substituting 3 servings of nuts/wk for potatoes and potato chips. Some clinical trials have also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of nuts. The results of one of these trials deserve to be highlighted: the PREDIMED study. This study7 is a parallel-group, singleblind, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial conducted in Spain evaluating the effects of the MedDiet in the context of primary prevention of CVD. A recent scientific paper8 reported the long-term antiinflammatory effects of a MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) (1 L/wk for the participants and their families) or nuts (15 g walnuts, 7,5 g almonds and 7,5 g hazelnuts). In this study, Casas and collaborators8 evaluated changes in the expression of adhesion molecules related to atheroma plaque formation and changes in the plasma concentrations of the main immunomodulatory biomarkers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6, tumor necrosis α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)] in relation to atherosclerosis after 3 and 5 years of intervention in a subcohort of the PREDIMED study7. A total of 165 participants at high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to one of the 3 intervention groups [MedDiet supplemented with EVOO, MedDiet supplemented with mixed nuts, or advice to follow a low-fat diet (LFD)].

Health News The main changes observed at 3 and 5 y were the down-regulation of different clusters of differentiation (CD), which are surface molecules that play a role in cell adhesion (important molecules implicated in the process of atherosclerosis plaque formation) in the 3 intervention groups. Furthermore, CD49d and CD40 expression in peripheral T lymphocytes was down-regulated in both MedDiet groups, whereas CD49d expression was increased in the control group. In the LFD group, CD40 was also incremented at 5 y. Similarly, CD11b, CD49d and CD40 were significantly decreased in circulating monocytes in the 2 MedDiet groups after the intervention at 3 and 5 y. After comparing the 3 intervention groups, a greater reduction of CD49d and CD40 expression in T lymphocytes was observed in both MedDiet groups than in the LFD group. Regarding monocytes, a higher reduction was observed in CD11b expression in the MedDiet+nuts group after 5 years, and a lower expression of CD49d and CD40 in the 2 MedDiet groups than in the LFD group. Importantly, both MedDiet groups

had significant reductions in plasma concentration of inflammation biomarkers such as hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 at 3 and 5 y. However, after comparing the 3 intervention groups, the MedDiet+nuts group only had a significant reduction in MCP-1 and IL-6 compared with the control group. Therefore, this study reinforces the notion that nut consumption has beneficial effects on inflammation, a mechanism implicated in diabetes, atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases. To conclude, nut consumption has consistently shown to lower plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and this anti-inflammatory effect on cardiovascular health may be sustained in the long term. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of nuts may contribute to prevent chronic diseases such as T2D and CVD, as it has been documented by several epidemiologic studies. Moreover, the substitution of nuts for other “unhealthy foods” such as red and processed meat, refined grains, potatoes or potato chips has been related with a healthier inflammatory profile[6].

References. 1. Afshin A, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Mozaffarian D. Consumption of nuts and legumes and risk of incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):278-288. 2. Pradhan AD, Ridker PM. Do atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes share a common inflammatory basis? Eur Heart J. 2002;23(11):831-834. 3. Zhao G, Etherton TD, Martin KR, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in THP-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;336(3):909-917. 4. Salas-Salvadó J, Garcia-Arellano A, Estruch R, et al. Components of the Mediterranean-type food pattern and serum inflammatory markers among patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(5):651-659. 5. Jiang R, Jacobs DR, Mayer-Davis E, et al. Nut and seed consumption and inflammatory markers in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163(3):222-231. 6. Yu Z, Malik VS, Keum N, et al. Associations between nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(3):722-728. 7. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1279-1290. 8. Casas R, Sacanella E, Urpí-Sardà M, et al. Long-Term Immunomodulatory Effects of a Mediterranean Diet in Adults at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2016;146(9):1684-1693.

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Health News

NEW SCIENTIFIC STUDIES

Álvarez-Pérez J, SánchezVillegas A, Díaz-Benítez EM, Ruano-Rodríguez C, Corella D, Martínez-González MÁ, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Serra-Majem L; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Influence of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Body Fat Distribution: Results of the PREDIMED-Canarias Intervention Randomized Trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2016 Jun 17:1-13.

Barbour JA, Howe PR, Buckley JD, Bryan J, Coates AM. Cerebrovascular and cognitive benefits of high-oleic peanut consumption in healthy overweight middle-aged adults. Nutr Neurosci. 2016 Jul 7:1-8.

Blumberg, J. B., Basu, A., Krueger, C. G., Lila, M. A., Neto, C. C., Novotny, J. A., ... & Toner, C. D. (2016). Impact of cranberries on gut microbiota and cardiometabolic health: Proceedings of the cranberry health research conference 2015. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal, 7(4), 759S-770S.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MeDiet) on anthropometric and body composition parameters in one of the centers of the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial. SUBJECTS/SETTINGS: 351 Canarian free-living subjects aged 55 to 80 years, with type 2 diabetes or ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 different dietary interventions: MeDiet + extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), MeDiet + nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts), or a control low-fat diet. Total energy intake was ad libitum. OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures included changes in anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]), body fat distribution, energy, and nutrient intake after 1 year. Body composition (percentage of total body fat [%TBF], total fat mass [TFM], free fat mass [FFM], percentage of truncal fat [%TrF], truncal fat mass [TrFM]) and total body water (TBW) were estimated by octapolar electrical impedance analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Paired tests were conducted to assess within-group changes. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to assess the effect of the dietary intervention on the percentage change in anthropometric variables, body composition, and dietary intake profile. All pairwise comparisons that were statistically significant in ANOVA were subsequently adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg test, which penalizes for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: After 1 year of intervention, significant within-group reductions in all anthropometric variables were observed for the MeDiet + EVOO and the control group. The MeDiet + nuts group exhibited a significant reduction in WC and TBW. The control group showed a significant increase in %TBF and a reduction in TBW. The control group showed a significant increase in the percentage of total body fat and a reduction in TBW. However, we did not find any between-group significant difference in anthropometric or body composition changes. CONCLUSIONS: Mediterranean diets enriched with EVOO or specific mixed nuts (walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts) that contain approximately 40% total fat can be alternative options to low-fat diets for weight maintenance regimes in older overweight or obese adults. OBJECTIVE: Peanuts contain bioactive nutrients beneficial for vascular function. This study investigated whether consumption of unsalted peanuts (with skins) would enhance cerebrovascular perfusion and cognitive performance. METHOD: In a randomized crossover trial, 61 volunteers (29 males/32 females, 65 ± 7 years, BMI 31 ± 4 kg/m2) consumed their habitual diet ± high-oleic peanuts (56-84 g/day), each for 12 weeks. Nutrient intakes, vascular and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and at the end of each 12-week phase. Differences between the ends of each phase were compared by general linear repeated measures ANOVA controlling for baseline. Pearson's correlation analyses determined relationships between differences in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive function. RESULTS: Intakes of bioactive nutrients increased during the peanut phase. CVR was 5% greater in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and 7% greater in the right MCA. Small artery elasticity was 10% greater after peanut consumption; large artery elasticity and blood pressure did not differ between phases. Measures of short-term memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed were also higher following the peanut phase; other cognitive measures did not change. Differences in CVR in the left MCA correlated with differences in delayed memory and recognition. DISCUSSION: Regular peanut consumption improved cerebrovascular and cognitive function; increased intakes of bioactive nutrients may have mediated these improvements. This clinical trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12612000192886). Recent advances in cranberry research have expanded the evidence for the role of this Vaccinium berry fruit in modulating gut microbiota function and cardiometabolic risk factors. The A-type structure of cranberry proanthocyanidins seems to be responsible for much of this fruit's efficacy as a natural antimicrobial. Cranberry proanthocyanidins interfere with colonization of the gut by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro and attenuate gut barrier dysfunction caused by dietary insults in vivo. Furthermore, new studies indicate synergy between these proanthocyanidins, other cranberry components such as isoprenoids and xyloglucans, and gut microbiota. Together, cranberry constituents and their bioactive catabolites have been found to contribute to mechanisms affecting bacterial adhesion, coaggregation, and biofilm formation that may underlie potential clinical benefits on gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as on systemic anti-inflammatory actions mediated via the gut microbiome. A limited but growing body of evidence from randomized clinical trials reveals favorable effects of cranberry consumption on measures of cardiometabolic health, including serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, endothelial function, glucoregulation, and a variety of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. These results warrant further research, particularly studies dedicated to the elucidation of dose-response relations, pharmacokinetic/metabolomics profiles, and relevant biomarkers of action with the use of fully characterized cranberry products. Freeze-dried whole cranberry powder and a matched placebo were recently made available to investigators to facilitate such work, including interlaboratory comparability.

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Health News Di Lorenzo C, Sangiovanni E, Fumagalli M, Colombo E, Frigerio G, Colombo F, Peres de Sousa L, Altindişli A, Restani P, Dell'Agli M. Evaluation of the AntiInflammatory Activity of Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells: A Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Jul 19;17(7).

Jamshed, H., Sultan, F. A. T., Amin, F., Arslan, J., Ghani, S., & Masroor, M. (2016). Almond supplementation reduces serum uric acid in coronary artery disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal, 15(1), 77.

Lippi G, Cervellin G, Mattiuzzi C. More pistachio nuts for improving the blood lipid profile. Systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Acta Biomed. 2016 May 6;87(1):5-12.

Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) are dried grapes largely consumed as important source of nutrients and polyphenols. Several studies report health benefits of raisins, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whereas the antiinflammatory activity at gastric level of the hydro-alcoholic extracts, which are mostly used for food supplements preparation, was not reported until now. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of five raisin extracts focusing on Interleukin (IL)-8 and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB pathway. Raisin extracts were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and screened for their ability to inhibit Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced IL-8 release and promoter activity in human gastric epithelial cells. Turkish variety significantly inhibited TNFα-induced IL-8 release, and the effect was due to the impairment of the corresponding promoter activity. Macroscopic evaluation showed the presence of seeds, absent in the other varieties; thus, hydro-alcoholic extracts from fruits and seeds were individually tested on IL-8 and NF-κB pathway. Seed extract inhibited IL-8 and NF-κB pathway, showing higher potency with respect to the fruit. Although the main effect was due to the presence of seeds, the fruit showed significant activity as well. Our data suggest that consumption of selected varieties of raisins could confer a beneficial effect against gastric inflammatory diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Elevated serum uric acid (UA), a biomarker of renal insufficiency, is also an independent prognostic marker for morbidity in coronary artery disease (CAD) and poses serious health risks. This study reports the effect of almond consumption on UA in CAD patients. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with three groups: no-intervention (NI), Pakistani almonds (PA) or American almonds (AA). Patients were recruited from the Cardiology Clinics, Aga Khan University Hospital. Two follow-ups were scheduled at week-6 and week-12. 150 patients were randomly divided in three groups (50 per group). NI was not given almonds, whereas the PA and AA were given Pakistani and American almond varieties (10 g/day), respectively; with instruction to soak overnight and eat before breakfast. RESULTS: Almonds supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) serum UA among groups, and over time. At week-6, UA concentrations were -13 to -16 % less in PA and AA; at week-12 the concentrations were -14 to -18 % less, compared to NI. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body weights of the participants remained fairly constant among all the groups. CONCLUSION: Almonds (10 g/day), eaten before breakfast, reduces serum UA in CAD patients. Prevention of hyperuricemia can confer protection from kidney and vascular damage and if extrapolated for general population, dietary almonds can offer grander health benefit. Trial is registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical trial registry as ACTRN12614000036617. Recent evidence suggests that regular intake of nuts may be associated with reduction of all-cause mortality, especially cardiovascular deaths. Among all types of nuts, pistachio displays the most favorable dietary composition. Therefore, we searched Medline and ISI Web of Science to identify interventional studies which evaluated changes of conventional blood lipids after replacing part of normal caloric intake with pistachio nuts in humans. Overall, 9 studies were finally included in our systematical literature review (4 randomized crossover, 3 randomized controlled and 3 prospective). In 6/9 (67%) interventional studies total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased. In all studies total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (7/7; 100%) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (6/6; 100%) decreased after replacing caloric intake with pistachio nuts for not less than 3 weeks. A significant reduction of triglycerides could only be observed in 2 out of 8 studies (25%). Even more importantly, in no interventional study the intake of pistachio nuts was associated with unfavorable changes of the lipid profile. The results of our literature search provide solid evidence that intake of pistachio nuts may exerts favorable effects on the traditional blood profile, provided that their consumption does not increase the habitual or recommended daily caloric intake. It seems also reasonable to suggest that further studies aimed to investigate the favorable effects of nuts on human diseases should distinguish between one type and the others, since the different nuts exhibit unique dietary composition and may hence produce distinctive biological effects in humans.

Your Distributor for Germany Work hand in hand with the nuts & dried fruits import and marketing experts. PALM NUTS & MORE · Nuss und Trockenfrucht GmbH & Co. KG Lindenstrasse 17 · D - 21244 Buchholz · Germany Telefon: + 49 4181 9091- 0 · Fax: + 49 4181 9091 - 80 mail@palm-nutsandmore.de · www.palm-nutsandmore.de

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Health News

Musa-Veloso K, Paulionis L, Poon T and Lee HY. The effects of almond consumption on fasting blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. 2016. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5(e34):1-15.

O’Neil CE, Nicklas TA, & Fulgoni III VL. Almond Consumption Is Associated with Better Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2016, 7(07), 504.

Yu, Z., Malik, V. S., Keum, N., Hu, F. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., ... & Bao, Y. (2016). Associations between nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(3), 722-728.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken to determine the effects of almond consumption on blood lipid levels, namely total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), TAG and the ratios of TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C. Following a comprehensive search of the scientific literature, a total of eighteen relevant publications and twenty-seven almond-control datasets were identified. Across the studies, the mean differences in the effect for each blood lipid parameter (i.e. the control-adjusted values) were pooled in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. It was determined that TC, LDL-C and TAG were significantly reduced by −0.153 mmol/l (P < 0.001), −0.124 mmol/l (P = 0.001) and −0.067 mmol/l (P = 0.042), respectively, and that HDL-C was not affected (−0.017 mmol/l; P = 0.207). These results are aligned with data from prospective observational studies and a recent large-scale intervention study in which it was demonstrated that the consumption of nuts reduces the risk of heart disease. The consumption of nuts as part of a healthy diet should be encouraged to help in the maintenance of healthy blood lipid levels and to reduce the risk of heart disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between almond consumption, the most widely consumed tree nut in the US, and nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and weight/adiposity in adults. METHODS: Data from adults (N=24,808), 19+ years, participating in the NHANES 2001-2010 were used. The NCI method was used to estimate the usual intake of almonds and selected nutrients. Almond consumers were defined as those consuming any amount of almonds/almond butter. Percentages of the consumers/non-consumers below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above the Adequate Intake (AI) for select nutrients were determined. To assess significant differences for the percentage of almond consumers vs. non-consumers with intakes less than the EAR or above the AI, a Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used. Covariate-controlled linear regression was used to determine differences in diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), between the consumer groups. Body mass indices and waist circumference were assessed. P was set at p < 0.01. RESULTS: Almond consumers were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, older, of higher income, more physically active, and were less likely to be a current smoker than non-consumers. Usual intake of almonds among consumers was 29.5 ± 1.5 g/day. Usual intake of protein; dietary fiber; vitamins A, D, E, and C; thiamin; niacin; riboflavin; folate, calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and potassium was higher in almond consumers. Almond consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for protein, vitamins A, D, E, B12, and C; riboflavin; calcium; copper; magnesium; iron; phosphorus; and zinc. They were also more likely to be above the AI for dietary fiber and potassium. Total HEI-2010 scores were approximately 15 points higher in almond consumers. Body mass indices and waist circumference measures were lower in almond consumers. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate consumption of almonds should be encouraged as part of a healthy diet.

BACKGROUND: Increased nut consumption has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as a healthy lipid profile. However, the associations between nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers are unclear. OBJECTIVE: We investigated habitual nut consumption in relation to inflammatory biomarkers in 2 large cohorts of US men and women. DESIGN: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5013 participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) who were free of diabetes. Nut intake, defined as intake of peanuts and other nuts, was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, and cumulative averages from 1986 and 1990 in the NHS and from 1990 and 1994 in the HPFS were used. Plasma biomarkers were collected in 1989-1990 in the NHS and 1993-1995 in the HPFS. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the associations of nut consumption with fasting plasma C-reactive protein (CRP, n = 4941), interleukin 6 (IL-6, n = 2859), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2, n = 2905). RESULTS: A greater intake of nuts was associated with lower amounts of a subset of inflammatory biomarkers, after adjusting for demographic, medical, dietary, and lifestyle variables. The relative concentrations (ratios) and 95% CIs comparing subjects with nut intake of ≥5 times/wk and those in the categories of never or almost never were as follows: CRP: 0.80 (0.69, 0.90), P-trend = 0.0003; and IL-6: 0.86 (0.77, 0.97), P-trend = 0.006. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index. No significant association was observed with TNFR2. Substituting 3 servings of nuts/wk for 3 servings of red meat, processed meat, eggs, or refined grains/wk was associated with significantly lower CRP (all P < 0.0001) and IL-6 (P ranges from 0.001 to 0.017). CONCLUSION: Frequent nut consumption was associated with a healthy profile of inflammatory biomarkers.

Health News

NUT RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTED AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DIABETES AND NUTRITION Nuts and health were discussed at the session “Nuts, Obesity and Diabetes”, beneficiary of INC’s annual Call for Dissemination and Promotion Projects.

ut research was showcased at the 34th International Symposium on Diabetes and Nutrition, held in Prague, Czech Republic, June 29 - July 1, 2016. This is the annual meeting of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and brings together international scientists, physicians, and dietitians to showcase the latest advances from basic science to clinical trials in diabetes and nutrition. The INC-sponsored session “Nuts, Obesity and Diabetes” consisted of five plenary lectures, an oral abstract presentation and a panel discussion, and brought together scientists, physicians and dietitians to learn and debate about the health benefits of nut consumption. The session showcased the latest scientific studies that associate nut consumption with improvements in metabolic syndrome risk factors, glycemic control, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, weight control, cognitive function and overall mortality. The first plenary lecture was entitled “Nuts, pulses and insulin resistance, evidence of modulation by several mechanisms” and was presented by Dr. Mònica Bulló from Rovira i Virgili University, Spain. Dr. Bulló outlined that regular consumption of nuts could have an important glucose and insulin-lowering effect. However, in order to understand the real role

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

of nuts in the prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2, large, long term clinical trials are needed. The second lecture “Nuts consumption in diabetes prevention and treatment” was presented by Dr. Cyril Kendall from the University of Toronto, Canada. He described the mechanisms through which nuts can positively affect postprandial plasma glucose excursions and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. He added that epidemiological and clinical data indicate that tree nuts pose little risk for weight gain.

The session showcased the latest scientific studies that associate nut consumption with improvements in metabolic syndrome risk factors, glycemic control, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, weight control, cognitive function and overall mortality. The third lecture, presented by Dr. Marialaura Bonaccio from the Mediterranean Neurological Institute in Italy, was “Nut consumption and total and specific cause of mortality”. She talked about the beneficial effects of nut consumption on all-cause and cause-specific mortality grounded on consistent evidence, as well as the need to

confirm the dose-response relationship. She also mentioned that the average consumption of nuts of 3-5 g/day in western countries is far below the recommended amount of 30 g/day. Dr. Emilio Ros from the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, Spain, gave the lecture “Nut consumption and cognitive function”, in which he summarized the scientific studies that have associated frequent nut consumption with better cognitive function. He also informed about a running randomized controlled study on the effect of daily consumption of walnuts on age-related cognitive decline in healthy elderly subjects. The fifth lecture, “Nut consumption and metabolic syndrome prevention and treatment” was given by Prof. Jordi SalasSalvadó from Rovira i Virgili University, Spain. He talked about the research that has been conducted over the past years on the effect of nut consumption on diabetes incidence, postprandial plasma glucose, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation and related metabolic risk markers. He remarked the results of the PREDIMED study, according to which nut consumption was inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in people with high cardiovascular risk.

A Chat with the Industry

“

WE CRACK NUTS 3 OR 4 DAYS BEFORE PRODUCTION BECAUSE WE ARE NEAR OUR FARMERS

”

NATHALIE GARRIGUE GENERAL MANAGER OF BARRY CALLEBAUT’S MAIN NUTS COMPANY

Barry Callebaut is one of the world's leading manufacturers of chocolate and cocoa products. Since 2012, the company has entered the nuts business with the acquisition of Spain’s La Morella Nuts. Such a tasty combination between nuts and chocolate remains at the heart of the company’s strategy so as to strengthen its market position for both its gourmet and specialties products, and its food manufacturer’s products business. Nutfruit magazine discusses with Nathalie Garrigue, General Manager of Barry Callebaut’s main nuts company La Morella Nuts, on the state of the nuts industry, new trends and the strategy undertaken by the company to become the number one in specialty nuts.

Which position Barry Callebaut aims to achieve within the nut industry?

culture and coat our products with this fresh Mediterranean taste.

What do the concepts ‘local’ and ‘fresh’ represent in Barry Callebaut’s mindset?

Barry Callebaut bought la Morella 4 years ago because we thought that this segment product fits perfectly with chocolate. But not only with chocolate because nuts also combine extremely well with our different customers and market segments such as ice cream, confectionary, bakery, dairy and pastry. This is a plus for Barry Callebaut.

Which are the main nut varieties?

These are essential concepts for us. At Barry Callebaut we work in the most efficient, responsible and sustainable possible way. Our first sourcing is the region where we are located. We want a responsible and sustainable sourcing. When we talk about fresh products it means that we crack nuts 3 or 4 days before production because we are near our farmers. Freshness is key for premium products. We don’t want to be a nuts commodity or a medium partner. We just want to be a premium partner. For almonds, our sourcing is mainly Spain but

Since Barry Callebaut acquired La Morella, how has the company performed to achieve the objectives marked in the strategic plan? We were looking for acquiring a company with great products, and afterwards to fit the markets with our strategy plan to put La Morella Nuts at Barry Callebaut’s level. First of all, it means products: how to make more innovation on specific products matching with our customers. Then, we apply Barry Callebaut’s Quality Culture to La Morella so as to match with the new requirements of the biggest players and customers in the market. It is important to notice that although we are Barry Callebaut an international company, we preserve the local

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We mainly produce with fresh hazelnuts and almonds with great size and taste. We have pistachios, macadamias, walnuts and pecans, and we are within a new trend with cashews. But these really are part of a market niche. Biggest ones are hazelnuts and almonds.

Nowadays, Barry Callebaut’s nut unit is mainly focused in Europe. Are you planning to expand to new markets? We are doing a lot in Asian markets. It’s true that we are more developed in Europe but we are focusing on other emerging markets for nuts. We adapt our products to new markets. One year and a half ago we bought American Almonds. Barry Callebaut acquired this company to produce specialty nuts. Almonds are very important in USA. They also have importations of hazelnuts from the Mediterranean region, as others nuts but in US they don’t have this behavior on producing specialty nuts so that is the reason why we decided to take that step.

You cannot achieve a good quality without a good traceability. And for a good traceability you need to be close to the farmers.

A Chat with the Industry

Nuts and chocolate make a perfect marriage so we can have endless combinations to propose to our customers. © Photo by Barry Callebaut

also California. For hazelnuts we have Italy, which is also near. We try to source locally, or at least close to our factories. We are sourcing around the Mediterranean because we want to propose fresh Mediterranean nuts.

Is it possible to maintain these close bonds with nut farmers in a global market? We are doing the same for cocoa in countries like Ghana and Ivory Coast. Being so close to our farmers allows us to control sourcing. We are applying the same model for nuts. It means that you cannot achieve a good quality without a good traceability. And for a good traceability you need to be close to the farmers. We are now studying a new sustainability program that will be launched next year. We are working with different organizations, cooperatives and farmers to assure and guarantee fair fees for the farmers, sustainability, respect for the environment, water supply and maintaining these close relationships with local players.

Do you include gourmet products within these new opportunities? Barry Callebaut deals in a B2B market. We are the number one in chocolate and cocoa, and want to become number one in specialty nuts (meaning not raw). We apply several key processes to our products. I have already mentioned sourcing, but we have also roasting, by which we obtain different tastes and caramelization. We supply specialty nuts to the B2B market so as to produce gourmet products or add a gourmet touch to specific products. We are talking about retailers, restaurants, pastry…

The main trends emerging in the nut industry are… We have a new generation of consumers willing to share everything with friends and family. And we are here with the premium essence of our products, with a multisensorial experience that we can bring to these consumers. New trends have to do with freshness, natural products, partnership with the farmer, traceability, sustainability…

Nuts and chocolate result in endless combinations. Where are the opportunities in terms of new markets, products and consumers?

What are these new generations of millennials demanding when consuming chocolate and nuts products?

Nuts and chocolate make a perfect marriage so we can have endless combinations to propose to our customers in B2B [business to business market]. We can inspire our customer so they can have a perfect blend between chocolate and this special taste of nuts which is highly appreciated in the market.

They are looking for some choice with really great combination, with great taste. It must be good and healthy. With nuts and chocolate, we are so well connected with them. Healthy products, good taste, simplicity and authenticity are key elements to keep in touch with these new generations.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

The Place to Meet the Entire Nut and Dried Fruit Industry

www.nutfruitcongress.org

Dear INC friends, We are very excited to bring the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress to India for the first time. From 19-21 May 2017, over 1000 delegates will congregate at ITC Grand Chola, in Chennai, to network, share knowledge and do business. It will be a great chance for all those involved in nuts and dried fruits to gain invaluable insights into our industry and raise their profile within it. Mark your calendars because nowhere else in the world will you find so many industry leaders under the same roof. India has a lot to offer with its culturally rich and vibrant atmosphere. Its culture spans more than 4,500 years, resulting in one of the most influential legacies on the planet. It has been historically shaped by a wide array of ideas, traditions and civilizations constantly enriching its nature. INC intends to collect this immense heritage and transform it into a melting pot of knowledge and experiences for all Congress participants. Chennai will take the industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pulse through a comprehensive set of round-table discussions, seminars and keynote speakers, as well as an international exhibition featuring the latest trends, products and services. Renowned industry leaders will join us to carefully assess the state of the market and key trends. Besides sharing knowledge and experiences, the Congress will provide participants with a diverse program of social events to relax while networking with your peers and business contacts. Furthermore, those willing to immerse themselves in the Indian culture, art and architecture will be given the chance to enjoy the pre- and post-Congress tours INC has organized for you. The XXXVI World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress will be hosted at a symbolic venue, a landmark paying tribute to Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest architecture. ITC Grand Chola is inspired by the Cholas, a long-lasting dynasty that made a great impact within and outside the country. It promises to fulfill the highest expectations not only with its refined beauty but also with its excellent services for the hospitality industry. We hope you will join us and count down the days for another memorable Congress. Yours sincerely, Organizing Committee

Pratap Nair

Congress Chairman

Mark Mariani INC Chairman

Giles Hacking

INC past Chairman

Goretti Guasch

INC Executive Director

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC Congress

CHENNAI, A RICH CITY IN ITS DIVERSITY

The town hosting the XXXVI INC Congress sets an example of how several religions have coexisted for centuries

CHENNAI IN FIGURES Population 8,653,521 inhabitants (metropolitan area). 4th largest city in India.

Area 426 km². Kapaleeswarar Temple.

San Thome Basilica.

lthough predominantly Hindu, Chennai is a city that takes pride in its diversity, something that grabs visitors’ attention as soon as they set foot in it. Walking into Mylapore, the cultural core of the city, reveals the beauty of the Kapaleeswarar temple. Constructed in the 7th century CE by the ruling Pallavas, the original temple was demolished by the Portuguese and then rebuilt in the 16th century by the Vijayanagar Kings. Not so far from there is San Thome Basilica, built in the 16th century by Portuguese explorers. San Thome Basilica is a Christian Church, as it is believed that St. Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ and on whose tomb the church is built, came to India as an evangelist and died in what is now Chennai. In 1893, the British rebuilt it as a church with cathedral status. Such diversity, illustrated by these two religions living together peacefully for centuries, gives a hint of the variety of cultures and civilizations that have enriched Chennai over time. In the past, the city and its surrounding areas were part of successive South Indian kingdoms. Chennai became an important hub for politics and economy in Southern India ruled by the Pallava, Chola, Pandya and Vijayanagar dynasties. However, everything changed in 1522 when the Portuguese arrived and built the commercial harbor, followed just a few years later by the Dutch, who exerted their influence in the region. British Influence What contributed most to the city’s dramatic transformation was the British arrival in 1693. During that period, the British East India Company was granted a piece of land to build a trading settlement on the coast. The British built Fort St. George close to a fishing village called Madraspatnam. This is why the city was known as Madras for centuries, although it was officially renamed Chennai in 1996. Under the British, Madras grew to be a major city. In the 19th century, the railway was introduced, which allowed Madras to be connected to other large Indian cities such as Bombay and Calcutta. Its economic prosperity continued until independence was declared in 1947. The British influence is still apparent in many buildings, monuments and the widespread use of English. Chennai is the gateway to the South. Today, it is a modern city culturally different to any other town in India. Its culture reflects its diverse population and the different civilizations which have left a lasting mark on it. Chennai hosts the second-biggest film industry in the country after Bombay. Chennai also boasts the second longest beach in the world (Marina Beach). The city has a tropical climate typified by warm temperatures and high humidity. Its rich gastronomy is largely inspired by Tamil Nadu cuisine.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

State Tamil Nadu.

Official languages Tamil, English.

Weather Tropical climate. Seasonal rainfall from mid–October to mid–December. Maximum temperatures are reached between May and June (around 35–40 °C / 95–104 °F). The coolest part of the year is January (around 19–25 °C / 66–77 °F).

INC Congress

MAKING FINAL PLANS FOR THE INC CONGRESS

Prime Minister Invitation. From left to right, Giles Hacking, INC past Chairman; Raju Bhatia, INC Ambassador; Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director; Mark Mariani, INC Chairman; Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for the Prime Minister’s Office; Suresh Gopi, Member of Parliament to the Rajya Sabha; Pratap Nair, Chennai Congress Chairman and Baljit Chadha, former member of the INC Board of Directors.

ast October, an INC delegation visited India to make critical decisions concerning the XXXVI World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress. Members of the Organizing Committee were in New Delhi to meet the Prime Minister’s Office. Certificates of the Individual Golden Nut Award and the Award for Excellence in Gastronomy were officially presented to its recipients. Furthermore, the Committee proceeded with a monitoring visit to the hotels and venues hosting social events in Chennai. The Organizing Committee has officially invited the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi, to welcome participants at the XXXVI World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress opening ceremony in Chennai. Last October, an INC delegation met Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for the Prime Minister’s Office, in New Delhi to deliver formally the invitation. The monitoring visit to India included a stop along the way in Kerala. Members of the Organizing Committee met Mr. K. Ravindranathan Nair to present him the certificate of the Individual Golden Nut Award, which will be officially awarded on May 21st 2017 at the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress in Chennai. Mr. K. Ravindranathan Nair, Ravi, will be recognized for his indefatigable dedication to the cashew business for more than 40 years and his pivotal role in accelerating the distribution of nuts worldwide. INC Awards are aimed at recognizing those individuals, companies or organizations that have made an outstanding contribution to the progress of the nuts and dried fruit industry. It was in 1957 when Mr. K. Ravindranathan Nair, Ravi, founded the Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company (VLC). What started as a family business, has turned into a premier trading house in the cashew industry, having earned an international reputation for quality products. Besides his key role in the nuts industry, Mr. Ravi has always been at the forefront of undertaking activities for the benefit of society. Mr. Ravi has constructed and donated the building, furniture and books for the Quilon Public Library and Research Centre, one of the largest and most popular libraries in Kerala. He has also donated and constructed a building to house the Pediatric Ward at Kollam District Hospital. While improving the lives of those who are around him, Mr. Ravi has also bestowed many school libraries, kindergartens and sports clubs on the community. The 2017 Award for Excellence in Gastronomy will be given to Bukhara

Individual Golden Nut Award. Giles Hacking, INC past Chairman; Pratap Nair, Chennai Congress Chairman; Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director and Mark Mariani, INC Chairman, present the certificate of the Individual Golden Nut Award to Mr. K. Ravindranathan Nair.

Restaurant, at the ITC Maurya Hotel, for its contribution to the preservation, improvement and dissemination of Indian cuisine worldwide. Members of the Organizing Committee visited the restaurant in New Delhi to present the congress and to invite officially the Chef JP Singh to collect the Award at the Congress. Bukhara is one of the most renowned restaurants in India. The food at Bukhara is cooked in clay ovens or tandoors in the traditional style of the Indian North-West Frontier region. Their chefs are experts in the art of making the breads, gauging spices and mixing marinades, which are a key part of its cuisine. Bukhara Restaurant treasures the world-renowned Dal Bukhara, a combination of black lentils, tomatoes, ginger and garlic simmered over a slow coal fire for 18 hours. Overseen by Chef Singh, the restaurant offers an ethnic experience where the open kitchen is part of the restaurant. While dining, guests are given aprons and are encouraged to eat with their hands so as to experience a blend of feelings driven by the food, its taste, smell and touch. Bukhara Restaurant has been treasuring the flavors of the North-West Frontier region since 1978. It is said that a visit to Bukhara served as a source of inspiration to some artists such as M.F Husain to paint his trademark horse while dining at the restaurant.

Excellence in Gastronomy. From left to right, Raju Bhatia, INC Ambassador; Giles Hacking, INC past Chairman; Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director; JP Singh, Bukhara’s chef, and a member of his team; Mark Mariani, INC Chairman and Pratap Nair, Chennai Congress Chairman.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC Congress

ITC GRAND CHOLA, A TRIBUTE TO INDIA’S GREATEST ARCHITECTURE The hotel hosting the INC Congress’ sessions results in a fascinating throwback to a vibrant period in Indian history

TC Grand Chola is a tribute to Southern India’s greatest architecture. It takes its inspiration from the Imperial Cholas, an ancient dynasty that made a great impact on many regions not only in India but also outside the country. The Cholas influenced art, architecture and culture, and this extraordinary legacy is still visible in the hotel hosting INC Congress’ sessions. Its splendid columns and stairways, granite carvings and vast spaces result in an inspired rendition of the vision of the Great Masters. ITC Grand Chola stands out from the existing luxury hotels in Chennai. Its 522 rooms and 78 luxuriously appointed serviced apartments truly meet the needs for the hospitality industry. The perfectly accomplished synergy of history and best-in-class hotel services makes it an excellent destination for business sojourns. The hotel is located in the heart of the business hub of Guindy. ITC Grand Chola is within close proximity to many key areas of Chennai and well connected with the airport, main roads and other commercial areas. As an alternative to ITC Grand Chola, the Organizing Committee has arranged special rates for attendees staying in other hotels nearby.

INC CONGRESS TOURS Let yourself be seduced by Chennai’s vibrant atmosphere. The INC Congress Tours program will provide delegates and their accompanying persons an excellent opportunity to get a broad insight into Chennai’s history through its landmarks and most representative sights and landmarks, rewarding visitors with a culturally rich perspective.

Mamallapuram Shore Temples.

Accompanying Persons Preliminary Tours: • City Tour 1 (May 20th 2017): Visit to Basilica of San Thome, a relic from the martyr, followed by a tour to Kapaleeswarar Temple, the most loved Hindu shrine from the 16th century. The tour will end with a visit to Kumaran Stores for silks and jewelry shopping. Lunch at a local vegetarian restaurant. • City Tour 2 (May 21st 2017): Workshops to discover the traditions of India: Talk on Yoga with a short demonstration session, flower Rangoli old art of decorating the floors with flowers, Saree traditional wear in India and Bollywood Dance. Lunch at an Indian restaurant in Crowne Plaza Hotel. Pre and Post Preliminary Tours: • Technical tours: Visit to cashew and hazelnut factories. • Touristic tours: Golden Triangle (4 and 3 day options), Goa (3 days), Kerala (3 days), Sri Lanka (3 days) and Ajanta & Ellora (3 days). • One-day tour: Mahabalipuram, temples, crocodile farm.

San Thome Basilica.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC Congress

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM From 19-21 May 2017, ITC Grand Chola in Chennai will provide a unique environment for participants to learn, network and share knowledge and experiences. All meetings and social events will take place in top-class air-conditioned facilities. Friday 19

Saturday 20

Sunday 21

8:30 am-9:00 am CONGRESS OPENING

8:30 am-9:30 am ALMONDS Round Table

8:30 am-9:30 am ANNUAL REPORT

9:00 am-10:00 am CASHEWS Round Table

9:30 am-10:15 am KEYNOTE SPEAKER

9:30 am-10:30 am HAZELNUTS Round Table

10:00 am-10:45 am KEYNOTE SPEAKER

10:15 am-11:15 am WALNUTS Round Table

10:30 am-11:30 am MACADAMIAS Round Table

Morning Coffee* Sponsored by Besana Group

Morning Coffee* Sponsored by Setton Pistachio of Terra Bella Inc.

Morning Coffee* Sponsored by The Richard Franco Agency

10:45 am-11:15 am PEANUTS Round Table

11:30 am-12:00 pm PINE NUTS Round Table

11:15 am-12:15 pm DRIED FRUITS Round Table

11:15 am-12:15 pm PISTACHIOS Round Table

12:00 pm-12:30 pm BRAZIL NUTS Round Table

12:15 pm-1:00 pm NUTRITION RESEARCH UPDATE

12:15 pm-1:00 pm SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR

12:30 pm-1:00 pm PECANS Round Table

Buffet Working Lunch* Sponsored by GI Technologies

Buffet Working Lunch* Sponsored by Almond Board of California

Buffet Working Lunch* Sponsored by Sun-Maid Growers of California

7:00 pm – 10:00 pm BUFFET CASUAL DINNER The Leela Palace Hotel Sponsored by The Wonderful Pistachios and Almonds

6:30 pm-7:30 pm GALA COCKTAIL ITC Chola Hotel 7:30 pm-11:00 pm GALA DINNER AND BALL ITC Chola Hotel Sponsored by Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company

2:15 pm-3:45 pm MACADAMIAS PANEL DISCUSSION 4:00 pm-5:30 pm GLOBAL SUMMIT

6:00 pm – 8:00 pm WELCOME COCKTAIL ITC Chola Hotel Sponsored by Rajkumar Impex Pvt Ltd.

*Morning coffee will be served continuosly from 8:30 am to 12 pm. Buffet Working Lunch from 12 pm to 2 pm.

SPONSORS Enhance your brand, increase your reputation and take advantage of an environment fully oriented to the nuts and dried fruits industry. Take a sponsorship opportunity and ensure your brand is seen by +1.000 world class industry leaders and professionals.

PREMIUM TREE NUTS

We thank our sponsors for their ongoing support. www.nutfruitcongress.org November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

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INC News

INC News MEMORIES FROM SIAL-PARIS 2016 24 co-exhibitors joined the INC in a new edition of the Nuts and Dried Fruit Pavilion

aris became the capital of planet food from 16 to 20 October 2016. As in previous editions, SIAL-Paris turned into the largest marketplace for foodservice professionals: Five intense days revolving around the world’s largest food innovation exhibition that, for another year, emerged as a hub for the entire industry. INC participated with a new and revamped version of the Nuts and Dried Fruits Pavilion. 375 sq m with new facilities and services aimed at providing the 24 co-exhibitors with the highest quality standards. "The Nuts and Dried Fruits Pavilion is focused and specific, which means the quality of visitors is really good. We are continuously impressed by the consistent traffic along the last 5 days of the exhibition. We've met hundreds of visitors from all over the world in the true meeting point of the industry", said Ms. Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director. Featured by its premium position at hall 5A – L200, the INC Pavilion became an attraction pole for visitors. The hospitality area witnessed a succession of meetings, delegates going and coming, and industry representatives dealing with prospective customers. Hundreds of coffees were served at the bar and dozens of meetings took place at the 3 rooms reserved for that purpose. Such a frantic pace of work shed light about the positive results achieved by the INC members joining the Pavilion. Another point to consider comes from the mix of nationalities living together in the INC Pavilion. A total of 15 countries have been represented in this year's edition, emphasizing the global scope performed by the INC within the nuts and dried fruits industry. Cohabitation was excellent, strengthening links between companies, countries and common interests.

Nuts and Dried Fruit Industry Festive Spirit The INC Pavilion expressed its most celebratory side at the Welcome Cocktail on Sunday October 16th 2016. Sponsored by August Töpfer & Co. and Monnier & Partners, this event was attended by top business leaders resulting in a meeting point for the entire nuts and dried fruits industry. This year, Somercom celebrated its 50th anniversary with a cocktail on Monday October 17th 2016. INC paid tribute to one of its founding members by a touching celebration hosted in a relaxed atmosphere.

The Relevance of SIAL-Paris SIAL-Paris works as an accurate lighthouse for the food industry. Figures of attendance show its strong influence in the market. More than 155,000 visitors from 194 countries passed through the trade show. In addition, there were 7,000 exhibitors from 105 countries. 85% of SIAL-Paris' exhibitors were international. We thank our sponsors and exhibitors for joining us in the world’s largest food innovation exhibition’

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC News The 5th edition of the INC Pavilion in SIAL-Paris served co-exhibitors as a platform to launch and promote a wide range of products and services.

Dogancan Gida, a family company established in 1996 in Malatya Turkey, exhibited their range of retail packs available for private label soft fruit. Pack formats included Flexcan, Quatro seal and pillow packs. Efes Export, one of the first manufacturers of walnuts in Romania, showed its walnuts in shell purchased directly from farmers in Eastern Europe, also seasonal from USA and Chile. The company cracks the purchased walnuts in its own facilities with perfect hygienic conditions.

The Almond Board of Australia presented key varieties of Australian almonds such as Nonpareil, Carmel and Price. The Australian Almond industry produced a record crop of 82,509 tons in 2015 and is forecast to exceed 80,000 in 2016 crop. The American Peanut Council exhibited its flavored peanuts and peanut butter. APC represents all segments of the US peanut industry. August TĂśpfer & Co. offered its wide range of raw and manufactured nut and dried fruit products in bulk and in retail packages. ATCO is a major supplier to the European food, confectionary, cereal and bakery industry as well as strong partner to the European wholesale, retail and discount trade. Besanaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s participation was centered on those main products produced, processed and marketed by the company: nuts, dried fruits, seeds, chocolate and snacks. Besana is the largest nut company in Italy and among the top 3 in Europe. Tunisian dates exporter Boudjebel presented the good quality of dates that have made the company very popular with customers in over 30 countries. Calconut offered its almonds and other nuts. The company deals with: peanuts, pistachios, cashews, walnuts and pumpkin seeds. Calconut also used the broad platform of SIAL-Paris to promote its App (for free), where customers can follow how the market is moving.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Efes Export shared a booth space with Tiryaki Agro. Nut Divison of the company deals with almonds (USA), walnuts (Eastern Europe, South America and USA) and pistachios (Turkey and Iran). Green Valley Pistachio brought to SIALParis in shell pistachio and pistachio kernel. The company has been established in Iran by a group of entrepreneurs being in the pistachio business for more than 25 years. The INC Pavilion also counted on the participation of Importaco Ingredients, one of the largest companies in Europe dealing with nuts and dried fruits. Importacoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s participation was centered on its processed almonds being supplied to more than 40 countries. Madi Ventura, one of the leaders in the Italian market of dried fruit and nuts, offered its full range of high quality fruit: in shell, shelled, roasted, salted or dried. Maestro-Nut, one of the largest producer and exporter of walnut kernels from Eastern Europe, exhibited not only its 24 years of experience, but also a wide range of walnut categories, from light halves to industrial and meal. Marsia Foods/Rossen showcased its ability to produce premium dried fruit from the fields of Iran. Rossen offered a complete range of custom-tailored raisins and date products. Minerva Commodities used the opportunity of SIAL to highlight its in-depth understanding of the edible nut market. The company is an international edible nut trading and import

organisation based in the United Kingdom. Noberasco, the Italian leader in the dried fruit segment, launched several innovative organic product lines such as the Bio-organic, the Organic Mix line and the brand new range of Organic Superfrutti. Ratin Khosh showcased its experience as pioneering manufacturing, packing and exporting company in the field of nuts, dried fruit and confectionery ingredients such as pistachio, dates and raisins. When it comes to machinery equipment, RF Biocidics showcased the processes using specialized radio frequency technology to significantly reduce the level of harmful pathogens from foods. Ronly Ltd. brought to SIAL-Paris its specialization in the processing of hazelnuts for chocolate, ice-cream and biscuit industries. The company has established a brand new factory based in Turkey. ShoEi Foods Corporation showcased those products and quality ingredients exported from its own factories all over the world: walnuts, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, green and dark raisins and goji berry, among others. Somercom, celebrating 50 years of existence in Paris, presented its proved expertise of 5 generations in serving nuts and olive oil. At the same booth space, Jilin Xingrong Food exhibited its credentials as an international producer and exporter of the highest quality pine nut kernels, pepitas and sunflower kernels. When it comes to longstanding experience, Sun-Maid Growers of California offered its wide varieties of raisins and dried fruits. For over 100 years, the company has been one of the largest selling brands of dried fruits, exporting worldwide. Finally, Uniper Limited presented itself as one of the leading companies in the field of producing and supplying high quality pistachio, pistachio kernel, dried fig and dried pink rose bud worldwide.

INC News

HIGHLIGHTS FROM SIAL-PARIS 2016 The Welcome Cocktail, Somercom's 50th Anniversary Cocktail, the bustling atmosphere at the hospitality area... Best moments of the INC Pavilion at SIAL-Paris 2016 are summarized in the official album.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC News

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC News

GULFOOD 2017 UNVEILS THE NEW INC PAVILION The INC presents a new customer’s experience at the world’s biggest annual food and hospitality show

ulFood (Dubai World Trade Center, 26 February – 2 March 2017) is the most important food trade show in the Middle East. With almost 5,000 exhibitors from over 120 countries, GulFood displays a pivotal role as a business platform and trading hub. Following the successful experience of the 2016 edition, INC prepares itself to participate with the first edition of the INC Pavilion in Middle East. It will have 108 sq m, affording space to host 11 co-exhibitors in 4 corner-booths and 7 regular-booths. These larger dimensions will allow INC to deliver a matchless customer’s experience with new facilities and services. Being located at Hall 3 – Pulses/Grain & Cereals sector, the INC Pavilion will be featured by a premium position, guaranteeing heavy traffic of visitors. In addition, co-exhibitors will enjoy a full-service package including booth graphic design and printing, wifi connection, pre-show planning, assistance in travel shipping and accommodation, promotion services and support. INC Pavilion’s design at GulFood gets inspired by the concept displayed at Anuga and SIAL-Paris, two of the most important international food fairs worldwide where the INC has succeeded in previous editions. Looking ahead into the short-term future, INC intends to expand GulFood Pavilion’s dimensions allowing more INC members to enter the Middle East food market. Hitherto 2017 edition, INC used to attend with a single 18 square meters booth. However, after several rounds of negotiations GulFood sales department has conferred the INC on larger square meters floor. This represents a qualitative leap resulting from the increasing importance the Council performs in the international food market. In Figures GulFood connects nations and suppliers, and opens distribution channels for industry-related business. 2016 edition received a total of 93,000 trade attendees from 152 countries. Furthermore, there were 114 country pavilions. These figures are expected to be surpassed in 2017 edition.

We thank our exhibitors for joining us in the world's biggest food and hospitality show

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC offers you the possibility of joining the INC Pavilion in Anuga 2017 (07-11 October 2017). Do not miss that opportunity and reserve your space. Application term is open and booth availability still exists. Contact Mr. Marc Centelles, INC marketing and sales manager, at marc.centelles@nutfruit.org or +34 977 331 416.

Edition 67. Nº 1 

30 May - 1 June 2016

SAN DIEGO HOSTS WORLD’S GREATEST NUT AND DRIED FRUIT EVENT

XXXV INC CONGRESS

CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR FOOD SECURITY Page 27

EUROMONITOR ANALYZES NEW TRENDS ON NUTS CONSUMPTION Page 40

www.nutfruit.org

Special Opportunity for INC Co-exhibitors Co-exhibitors joining the INC Pavilion in GulFood 2017 will benefit from a special discount for advertising in the Nutfruit magazine. Take advantage of this opportunity to capture specific and well-targeted audiences within the nuts and dried fruits industry. Discounts are not cumulative with other Nutfruit magazine’s offers and promotions. This is valid until 31/12/2017.

INC News

REVIEW OF THE INC ANNUAL COMMUNICATION AND DIGITAL MARKETING PLAN Press releases and social media networks have served the INC to disseminate the health message of nuts and dried fruits to new audiences

Photo: Twitter

t has been marked one year since INC launched its Annual Communication and Digital Marketing Plan 2015-2016. With the benefit of hindsight, the results achieved in the last 12 months allow a preliminary analysis so as to evaluate the plan’s effectiveness when it comes to obtaining the proposed goals. Reaching new audiences and expanding the health message of nuts and dried fruits to potentially new targets has worked as a pivotal element supporting the basements of the plan. Since September 2015, a total of 10 press releases have been published at international media. These have been aimed at highlighting the benefits of nuts and dried fruits to prevent cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or cholesterol. Those INC’s projects with visible impact on society, such as the Call for Research, Promotion and Dissemination projects, have been also disseminated through press releases. A range of 88 million of unique visitors per day have seen the news generated by the press releases. By these actions, a total of 1,621 impacts have been achieved, with an average of 4,4 impacts per day. Top media all over the world such as Yahoo!, CNBC, Bloomberg or Reuters have paid attention to INC’s releases. Digital Marketing Plan Small but steady steps go further. This is the philosophy that has led INC’s actions since launching the Digital Marketing Plan in October 2015. Revolving around the corporate website, INC has strengthened its digital ecosystem with a blog and several profiles at those social networks most aligned with INC’s digital strategy. Aimed at participating in the thousands

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Photo: Instagram

Photo: Social Media

of conversations taking place in the World Wide Web every minute, INC has relaunched its social media profiles at Facebook and Twitter, while creating new ones at Linkedin and Instagram. INC Digital Marketing Plan has put great effort on gathering a significant social community on Facebook. In so doing, the number of fans has risen steadily from 2,000 (October 2015) to 58,800 (October 2016). It means that INC social community on Facebook has gained more than 56,000 new fans. Unlike Facebook, Twitter is more centered on one-to-one conversations. INC social community on Twitter has grown by 24% since October 2015. An average of 3-4 posts have been published per day, reaching a total of 563 impressions per day. Not only do these actions intend to spread the health benefits of nuts and dried fruits, but Twitter has also served to engage final consumers in conversation through discussing about the history, origins or main producing areas worldwide. In other words, great efforts have been devoted to educate consumers while increasing social awareness on nuts and dried fruits. Since January 2016, Linkedin has been added to INC’s digital strategy. Due to the publications released at this social network, INC’s social community has grown up by 260 new followers hitherto. There is every likelihood that this figure will be enlarged in the short term, as more actions addressed to professional audiences are being implemented. Last but not least, Instagram is playing a pivotal role within social media. Since March 2016, and supported by the visual power and

attractiveness of pictures, Instagram is being used to promote nuts and dried fruits through specific contents. Social Media Contests Following the principle of educating final consumers in nuts and dried fruits, social competitions have been launched through Facebook, a platform which works wonder with final consumers’ preferences and areas of interest. Participants have been invited to answer some questions concerning nuts and dried fruits and the winner has been awarded with a monthly assortment. By the last social media contest a total of 3,688 interactions were registered. 108 users participated and final results show the engagement of this action reached a total of 94,576 people.

HIGHLIGHTS 88 million of unique visitors per day have seen the news generated by INC press releases.

58,800 Facebook fans. 2.718% increase from 2015 - 2016

24% increase in Twitter followers from previous year.

+ 94,000 people engagement generated by social media contests.

INC News

INC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETINGS

he INC Executive Committee met in Paris, France, on October 15th 2016 to review the status of several ongoing INC projects. The group discussed the formation and guidelines of the Business Integrity Committee (BIC). BIC was officially announced at the XXXV INC Congress in San Diego 2016 and is aimed at promoting a code of conduct within the INC Membership and in the wider business community. The Global Agribusiness Alliance project was also presented to members of the INC Executive Committee. The group also reviewed current projects such as the Academia, Exhibitions, the INC Annual Communication Plan and the Global Dissemination Project. San Diego Congress’ results were also reviewed and preparations for Chennai 2017 were analyzed. In addition, a preliminary program for Sevilla 2018 was discussed and candidatures for future congresses were evaluated. Finally, the members of the Executive Committee reviewed and discussed the reports of activities from the different committees and adhoc groups: The Statistics Committee, the INC Scientific and Government Affairs Committee, the INC World Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination, the Ambassadors Committee and the two ad-hoc working groups: Global Cashew Council and Macadamias Committee.

INC Board of Trustees Meeting.

The members of the Board of Trustees also met on October 16th 2016 in Paris to discuss different proposals on new strategic actions.

INC PROMOTES THE 2017 CONGRESS IN CHENNAI AT SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES The XXXVI World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress was presented at the China International Tree Nuts Conference, China International Peanut Conference and ACA World Cashew Festival & Expo.

he INC presented the XXXVI World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress at several international conferences gathering hundreds of leaders from the nuts industry. Promotional video of Chennai 2017 was broadcast at the China International Tree Nuts Conference (Guangzhou, 4 - 5 August 2016), China International Peanut Conference (Qingdao, 7 - 9 September 2016) and ACA World Cashew Festival & Expo (Bissau, Guinea Bissau, 19 – 22 September 2016). These events were attended by INC representatives. Mr. Pino Calcagni, INC Vice Chairman, participated in the China International Tree Nuts Conference providing a global review of the tree nut industry. He deployed a comprehensive set of statistics regarding production and consumption. Besides his speech and presentation, attendants had the chance to get an insight into what the INC has to offer in the following World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress. Chennai 2017 video was officially released on June 2016 at the San Diego Congress’ closing ceremony. This video unfolds an original story starring a young woman visiting India for the first time. By following her through her riveting experiences in India, viewers get a broad picture not only about India’s vibrant and rich culture, but also on Indian’s friendly

Mr. Pino Calcagni, INC Vice Chairman, addresses the audience at the China International Tree Nuts Conference.

nature and habits. The video offers an accurate depiction about the way foreigners discover India, taking for granted that it will be an experience lingering in memory forever. By these promotional actions, INC has presented its annual Congress to specific audiences, enlarging its international scope, gaining visibility and improving brand awareness.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC News

SÃO PAULO HOSTS THE 5TH BRAZILIAN MEETING 1ST LATIN AMERICAN NUTS MEETING The industry analyzes marketing potential, production, public policies and new trends.

Jose Eduardo Mendes Camargo, Director of the division of nuts – Department of Agribusiness of FIESP, and INC ambassador in Brazil (left). Siegfried Von Gehr, International Director of Chilenut, and INC Ambassador in Chile (center).

ore than 200 participants gathered in São Paulo, Brazil, on August 29th 2016 to participate in the 5th Brazilian Meeting – 1st Latin American Nuts Meeting. Being organized by FIESP (Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo), this gathering was attended by representatives from companies in this sector. Attendants had the chance to learn more about business trends, production and manufacturing techniques concerning nuts in Latin America. Mr. Jose Eduardo Mendes Camargo, Director of the division of nuts – Department of Agribusiness of FIESP, and INC Ambassador in Brazil, opened the session by stressing the potential of nuts in Latin America. “We have the chance to transform this activity. Potential is very large”, stated Mr. Camargo. Several representatives from the industry discussed on how to succeed in growing several nut varieties in Brazil and Latin America. Mr. Siegfried Von Gehr, International Director of Chilenut, and INC Ambassador in Chile, explained the case of Chile in the nut industry. He gave an accurate picture of walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds when it comes to world production, exports, main producing countries and forecasts for

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

the following years. Mr. Von Gehr stressed the role of Brazil in the Chilean industry and remarked the importance of strengthening bilateral relations for these large economies in Latin America. Nuts in Latin America Growth potential of nuts in Latin America was supported by global statistics and updated information. Representatives from the industry in Argentina, Ecuador or Bolivia discussed about walnuts, macadamias, Brazil nuts and Baru, among other varieties. The 5th Brazilian Meeting – 1st Latin American Nuts Meeting reserved space for case studies. Several companies shared their experiences on how to succeed in applying nuts to new products being launched to the market. In addition, there was a panel focused on research and development. Participants highlighted the nutritional benefits of nuts and the importance of taking them into account when developing new ideas focused on consumers. Furthermore, an electronic group of discussion to exchange ideas among participants and work together was created.

INC News

NEW GLOBAL AGRI-BUSINESS ALLIANCE TARGETS UN SDGS TO TACKLE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY GAA’s mission is to address sustainability, social, labor and environmental issues where the agricultural sector is seen to have a shared responsibility.

n 15 September 2016, INC participated at the Building Sustainable Futures Forum, in Singapore, represented by Ms. Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director. In the framework of this Forum, the Global Agri-Business Alliance (GAA) was launched with the support of 36 leading agri-business companies. This Alliance seeks to tackle the major environmental and social challenges facing agricultural supply chains and rural communities around the world. The event was attended by 325 people among CEO’s and Presidents from companies, NGO, associations, and universities related to the agribusiness and food value chain. The GAA is the first global alliance of its kind with private sector companies across the entire value chain of food and non-food crops.

It is their aim to bring together the companies operating closest to the ‘farmgate’, and therefore, to have the greatest influence on the stewardship of natural resources and surrounding communities. Through a coordinated sector level approach, GAA seeks to collaboratively improve rural livelihoods, mitigate the impact of climate change, sustainably manage natural capital, contribute to global food and nutrition security and accelerate progress towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs).. The most notable SDG that the Alliance wants to help achieve is SDG Goal 2: “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture”. More information at www.globalagribusinessalliance.com.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

INC News

ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE INC MAGAZINE The Nutfruit magazine (former The Cracker) turns 30 years as a reference publication in the food industry

t was in 1986 when the INC Magazine was published for the first time. Named The Cracker, it was presented as ‘The Journal for the International Trade in Dried Fruit and Nuts’. That first edition has been followed by another 88 issues, reaching its broad scope of readers as the official voice of the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council. A quick

1989. Under the name ‘The International Nut Cuisine’, The Cracker begins to include nut recipes.

look through the story of the INC Magazine results in a friendly exercise of memory, a peaceful journey to the core of our origins. In so doing, we will observe that not only have visual trends and layouts been utterly renovated. This itinerary also sheds light on how the industry has evolved through the passage of time.

1994. The magazine is subjected to a revamping process with new look and layout.

1986. First issue of The Cracker 1994. The Global Statistical Review is published for the first time. From that moment, it turns into one of the most appreciated contents for the industry.

1999. The Cracker announces the launching of the new INC website.

2007. INC adds peanuts and dried fruits to its working field. Henceforth, they will be permanently included in the Global Statistical Review.

2009. The Cracker releases its first online edition.

2012. The Cracker includes the World Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination as a new section. It refers to the international umbrella for health and nutrition research on nuts and dried fruits.

2011. INC unveils its new logo. It was officially announced at the March 2011 issue.

2013. INC moves to its new headquarters. The Cracker celebrates INC’s home grand opening.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

2016. The Cracker changes its skin and is renamed Nutfruit. After a complete process of redesign, the magazine submits new contents and sections for the nut and dried fruit world.

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Statistical Review

WORLD CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION TRENDS

Global Statistical Review November 2016

Statistics are also available at our website www.nutfruit.org

Map shows 5 top producing countries. Other major producers listed below.

Main producing countries

Almonds USA Australia Spain Iran Turkey Tunisia

Greece Chile Morocco Italy Syria

Walnuts China USA Iran Turkey Ukraine Chile France

Moldava India Romania Hungary Italy Georgia Australia

Brazil Nuts Bolivia Peru Brazil

Peanuts China India USA Nigeria Indonesia Argentina

Senegal Vietnam Ghana Brazil Nicaragua

Cashews India Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire Vietnam GuineaÂˇBissau Brazil

Tanzania Benin Nigeria Indonesia Cambodia

Dates Saudi Arabia Egypt Iran UAE Pakistan Algeria Iraq

Sudan Oman Tunisia Morocco Libya Israel USA

Hazelnuts Turkey Italy USA Georgia Azerbaijan

Spain France China Iran Chile

Dried Apricots Turkey Iran China USA South Africa Australia

Macadamias South Africa Australia Kenya USA Guatemala Malawi

Brazil China Colombia New Zealand Swaziland

Dried Cranberries USA Canada Chile

Pecans USA Mexico South Africa Australia

Dried Figs Turkey Egypt Iran USA

Greece Spain Italy

Pine Nuts China DPR Korea Pakistan Afghanistan Mongolia

Russia Spain Turkey Portugal Italy

Prunes USA Chile France Argentina

Serbia Australia Italy South Africa

Pistachios USA Iran Turkey Syria Afghanistan

China Greece Italy Australia

Raisins Sultanas Currants USA Turkey Iran China India Chile

Uzbekistan Greece Australia Argentina South Africa

Listed by global production as per FAO but not necessarily meaning quantities going through commercial channels.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

ALMONDS 杏仁

/ ALMENDRA / AMANDE / MANDORLE / MANDEL / BADEM

USA. The 2016/17 almond crop is

The Almond Board of Australia’s monitoring of the 2016 pollination season indicates that it has progressed very well with strong flower numbers, an excellent synchronization of varieties to allow cross pollination and good flight conditions for bees. The first step in producing the 2017 crop appears to have been successfully negotiated. However, there is concern with the amount of bud failure in the Carmel variety that will reduce the crop for this almond type, which is 30% of orchard trees in Australia.

export market in 2015/16 with shipments totaling 91,170 MT (201 million pounds). forecasted at 929,873 metric tons (2.050 Shipments by product type showed a slight billion pounds) and could become the largest decline in higher value manufactured product crop to date. (e.g. sliced, chopped, etc.). Exports of shelled The Almond Board of California’s August almonds were up 4% over last year, to 390,100 Position Report showed an all-time record MT (860 million pounds) while inshell shipments breaking August shipments for Domestic, were 108,400 MT (239 million pounds), an Export and Net shipments. Crop receipts for increase of 9% compared with last year. August 2016 were slightly ahead of last year. Steady focus on production research, Overall shipments were 821,563 MT (1.81 nutrition, food safety and market development billion pounds). While slightly below last year, have continued to support growth of California domestic market shipments at 269,000 MT (593 million pounds) were the third highest on almonds. Recognition of the health benefits, record -reflecting continuing consumer demand versatility and quality of California almonds is for a wide range of almond products. The U.S. reflected in global demand, which continues to be strong across markets and product types. accounted for 33% share of total shipments, while 67% were destined for more than 90 AUSTRALIA. The 2016 Australian countries around the world. almond crop is forecast to be 80,140 MT, which The top five export destinations (Spain, is 3% down on the record 2015 harvest. One of China, India, Germany and Japan) accounted the key features of the 2016 crop is the larger for approximately 52% of total export sizes of the Nonpareil and Carmel varieties. shipments. Spain continued to be the top

SPAIN. Harvesting started in Spain, confirming that the crop will be a bit lower than expected. This season, the crop was seriously affected by frost at blooming time and a very dry summer in many producing areas. As a result, the production of traditional varieties Marconas and Larguetas dropped. Nevertheless, quality and size are looking to be in a very good shape.

Estimated World Almond Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. Country USA (MM lbs)

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

Crop

2016/2017

Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Crop

Total Supply

Ending Stock

410

1,894

2,304

412

2,050

2,462

421

186,019

859,291

1,045,310

186,882

929,873

1,116,755

190,964

1,000

82,509

83,509

1,000

80,140

81,140

1,000

500

65,957

66,457

1,000

47,000

48,000

1,000

IRAN

15,000

TUNISIA

15,000

CHILE

13,000

14,000

TURKEY

13,000

MOROCCO

11,000

ITALY

7,500

GREECE

4,000

7,500

OTHERS

30,000

187,519

1,116,257

1,303,776

188,882

1,170,013

1,358,895

192,964

USA (MT) AUSTRALIA SPAIN

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

1,114,894

Source: Almond Board of California, Almond Board of Australia, Greek Nut Association and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

1,165,931

Statistical Review

AMAZONIA (BRAZIL) NUTS 巴西果 / COQUITO DE BRASIL / NOIX DE VRESIL /

NOCE DE BRASILE / PARANUSS / BREZILYA FINGIGI

Bolivia is experiencing a record year in terms of exports. Up until July 2016, it had exported 13,880 metric tons, this is 16% up on 2015. Across the three exporting origins (Bolivia, Peru and Brazil) exports have grown by 7% to 16,700 MT. Whilst Peru was matching last year’s exports, Brazil saw a drop of 77%. The overall increase in exports is explained by a carry over of 2015 crop that was exported between January and March 2016, and a strong demand due to below or at cost pricing at the beginning of the crop.

Whilst export figures started strong, that pace might not continue. At the time of writing this report, Brazilian exports were returning to their more traditional level of 900 MT, down from 3,000 MT last year. The 2016 harvest finished and the quantity being delivered back to the factories was down on last year. Factories were expected to shut earlier as they did not have material to process.

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Production · Metric Tons Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

BOLIVIA PERU BRAZIL WORLD TOTAL

Crop

4,500 450 300 5,250

2016/2017

Total Supply

69,000 12,450 9,450 90,900

Ending Stock

73,500 12,900 9,750 96,150

Beginning stock

4,500 450 240 5,190

Crop

Total Supply

60,000 12,000 8,400 80,400

64,500 12,450 8,640 85,590

90,960

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Ending Stock 4,500 450 240 5,190

80,400

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

BOLIVIA PERU BRAZIL WORLD TOTAL

Crop

1,500 150 100 1,750

23,000 4,150 3,150 30,300

2016/2017

Total Supply

Ending Stock

24,500 4,300 3,250 32,050

Beginning stock

1,500 150 80 1,730

Crop

Total Supply

20,000 4,000 2,800 26,800

21,500 4,150 2,880 28,530

30,320

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End, Stock)

Ending Stock 1,500 150 80 1,730

26,800

Source: INC.

Bolivia, Peru & Brazil. Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Exports · Metric Tons 4,000

35,000

3,500

30,000

3,000

25,000

2,500

20,000

2,000 15,000

1,500

10,000

1,000

5,000

500

0 Jan

Feb

Mar

2014 2015 2016

Apr

May

2014 Cumulative

Jun

Jul

2015 Cumulative

Aug

Sep

Oct

2016 Cumulative

Nov

Dec Source: INC.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

CASHEWS 腰果 / ANACARDO / NOIX DE CAJU / ANACARDIO /

CASHWKERNE / CASHEW CEVIZI

AFRICA. Over the past 3 years, the rainy season in cashew

VIETNAM. According to the Vietnam Cashew Association

producing areas tended to move from June-October to JulyNovember, moving the main harvest period from February-April to March-May (1 month later for Senegal, Gambia and Guinea Bissau). In East Africa, the sector witnessed a longer season compared to last year. For example, the 2015/16 cashew campaign in Kenya lasted until early June. The yield in East Africa seems to be higher this year and the industry has noticed the re-engagement of the governments in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique trying to revamp the cashew sector. In 2015, West African production reached over 1.5 million metric tons, according to the African Cashew Alliance (ACA). That is an increase of approximately 250,000 MT from 2014/15. This year, ACA expected that West African production could reach over 1.8 million MT. However, the climate and delay in the harvest reduced the estimates. According to ACA, cashew processing factories in Burkina Faso should transform more than 7,000 MT of RCN this year after a catastrophic 2015 campaign.

(VINACAS), the total area under cashew cultivation is about 350,000 hectares, and it is expected to increase by 5% in 2017 due to the price and buying interest of raw cashew nut this year. The potential growth of Vietnam’s crop is still a question mark due to the tough competition from other crops like pepper, coffee, cocoa, casava, rubbers, etc. The current yield is 1.5 tons per hectare. In 2015, Vietnam exported 330,000 MT of cashew kernels. The top three export destinations (USA, China and Netherlands) accounted for 61% of total export shipments (32%, 17% and 12% respectively), followed by Australia (4.8%) and UK (4.5%).

INDIA. The Indian crop has been forecast 8% lower than previously reported, from 172,619 metric tons to 159,600 MT (kernel basis). According to the Ministry of Agriculture’s Directorate of Cashew Nut and Cocoa Development (DCCD), the total area under cashew cultivation is about 1,034,990 hectares and production of raw cashew nut in 2015/16 (April-March) is estimated at 670,300 MT.

BRAZIL. In Brazil, the 2016/17 cashew crop is expected to be very similar to the previous year, about 120,000 MT. The northeast of Brazil has been facing a very strong drought -one of the longest in history for the fifth consecutive year. As of October, the blooming season (August-December) seemed to be good, with similar weather conditions to those 5 years ago.

CAMBODIA. In Cambodia, the crop forecast has been revised upwards from 19,000 MT to 23,800 MT. Despite the crop failure, a number of new adult cashew trees began fruiting this year.

Estimated World Cashew Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

2016/2017

Crop

Total Supply

Crop

Total Supply

COTE D'IVOIRE

nil

171,100

Ending Stock nil

Beginning stock nil

160,000

Ending Stock nil

INDIA

nil

172,700

nil

159,600

nil

VIETNAM

nil

113,000

nil

96,000

nil

GUINEA-BISSAU

nil

52,900

nil

44,400

nil

TANZANIA

nil

31,100

nil

44,000

nil

NIGERIA

nil

34,400

nil

31,100

nil

BRAZIL

nil

33,000

nil

27,200

nil

BENIN

nil

32,000

nil

24,400

nil

CAMBODIA

nil

19,000

nil

23,800

nil

INDONESIA

nil

12,000

nil

19,000

nil

GHANA

nil

15,300

nil

15,300

nil

BURKINA FASO

nil

18,200

nil

15,100

nil

MOZAMBIQUE

nil

7,800

nil

13,000

nil

SENEGAL

nil

11,800

nil

10,000

nil

GAMBIA

nil

2,400

nil

1,800

nil

KENYA

nil

1,800

nil

1,600

nil

OTHERS

nil

8,300

nil

8,300

nil

WORLD TOTAL

nil

736,800

nil

694,600

nil

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) Source: Global Cashew Council and INC.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

736,800

694,600

Statistical Review

HAZELNUTS

榛子 / AVELLANA / NOISETTE / NOCCIOLA / HASELNUSS / FINDIK

TURKEY. Contrary to the initial 2016 crop estimations of 600,000 metric tons (in-shell) made in May timeframe, the Turkish crop underwent an unexpected 17% loss, where estimations hover around 500,000 MT plus an important carry-over of 135,000 MT. On the top of the revised crop figure, various quality challenges based on the growing regions have also drew attention to the trading dynamics. By the second half of September, the harvesting process was almost done in many regions. Farmers, still having fresh memories on promising post frost 2014 season and disappointing 2015 season prices, were keeping hopes high for better prices by

holding the goods and motivating each other for even not leaving hazelnuts for consignee trading. This persistent reluctance resulted of price increase of 35% (TL based) in August, which seemed to be stabilized in September timeframe and rolled back a bit in early October due to disciplined procurement behavior by the end user industries. The only remedy to the situation was the widely disputed carryover figure, where the ownership and physical storage conditions are quite blurry. The market had a real season opening after the Eid holiday on the week of September 19th, where a lot of delayed demand was also waiting for less volatile trading and stable prices.

ITALY. A good hazelnut crop is confirmed in Italy at 130,000 MT in-shell (58,500 MT kernel basis), up 4% over the last season.

USA. After a dismal 2015 crop, Oregon is optimistic for the 2016 crop. The official estimate came in at 34,500 MT (in-shell); however, most believe the crop could eclipse 38,000 MT. Growing conditions for this crop were ideal and the weather outlook remained favorable at the time of writing this report. Initial tests showed exceptional quality. Oregon expects to sell between 50-60% as in-shell, with 90%+ going to Asia, and the remainder sold into the snack, confectionary and baking industries of North America.

Estimated World Hazelnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons . Country TURKEY ITALY GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN USA SPAIN CHILE IRAN FRANCE CHINA OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2015/2016 Beginning Stock 25,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 300 0 0 500 0 0 29,300

2016/2017

Crop

Total Supply

Ending Stock

710,000 125,000 50,000 40,000 27,850 22,000 12,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 1,016,850

735,000 126,000 51,000 40,500 28,850 22,300 12,000 10,000 10,500 5,000 5,000 1,046,150

135,000 15,000 1,000 1,000 0 300 0 500 0 0 0 152,800

Beginning stock 135,000 15,000 1,000 1,000 0 300 0 500 0 0 0 152,800

Crop

Total Supply

500,000 130,000 40,000 35,000 34,500 18,000 18,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 815,500

635,000 145,000 41,000 36,000 34,500 18,300 18,000 10,500 10,000 5,000 15,000 968,300

893,350

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Ending Stock 25,000 10,000 1,000 500 0 1,000 0 500 0 0 0 38,000

930,300

Source: INC.

Kernel Basis· Metric Tons. Country TURKEY ITALY GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN USA SPAIN CHILE IRAN FRANCE CHINA OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2015/2016 Beginning Stock 12,500 450 500 250 400 144 0 0 240 0 0 14,484

Crop

Total Supply

355,000 56,250 25,000 20,000 11,140 10,560 5,400 4,500 4,800 2,250 2,250 497,150

367,500 56,700 25,500 20,250 11,540 10,704 5,400 4,500 5,040 2,250 2,250 511,634

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

2016/2017 Ending Stock 67,500 6,750 500 500 0 144 0 225 0 0 0 75,619

436,015

Beginning stock 67,500 6,750 500 500 0 144 0 225 0 0 0 75,619

Crop

Total Supply

250,000 58,500 16,000 15,000 13,800 8,640 8,100 4,500 4,800 2,250 6,000 387,590

317,500 65,250 16,500 15,500 13,800 8,784 8,100 4,725 4,800 2,250 6,000 463,209

Ending Stock 12,500 4,500 500 250 0 480 0 225 0 0 0 18,455

444,754

Source: INC.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

MACADAMIAS

夏威夷果 / MACADAMIA / MACADAMIANUSS / MAKEDEMIA / CEVIZI

AUSTRALIA. 2016 Australian macadamia crop is on track to reach 46,750 metric tons in-shell, according to the Australian Macadamia Society, and Bundaberg is set to become the largest macadamia growing region by the end of the year. Australian macadamia production has been steadily increasing over the last three years (the 2016 crop is four per cent up from last year) and Australia will be the world’s biggest supplier of macadamia kernel. Available kernel is expected to be around 10,200 MT (similar to 2015), with NIS exports remaining stable at around 30% of the crop. Global demand for both kernel and in-shell remains strong. Australia predicts further growth in the macadamia crop as Australian growers continue to invest in productivity improvements in their orchards, especially in the older grower regions. The newer Bundaberg region will produce

more than 40% of Australia’s macadamia crop this year, making it Australia’s largest macadamia producing region, just in front of the Northern Rivers region of NSW. Production in the Bundaberg region has increased by 10-20% this year, a direct result of new plantings coming into production and good growing conditions.

SOUTH AFRICA. The 2016 season has been a very challenging year for agriculture in South Africa. The macadamia industry has felt the effect of the drought and unusual weather events such has hail storms, but not as severely as some other industries. Projections made in mid-2015 indicated that the 2016 South African macadamia crop should have been approximately 50,500 MT due to the growth rate of the industry. According to

the South African Subtropical Growers' Association, the latest forecast for the 2016 season stands at 38,500 MT NIS (nut in-shell; measured at 1.5% kernel moisture content), which is approximately 24% lower than the 2015 projections. The nut sizes are smaller than usual, which partly accounts for the crop being smaller than early season forecasts. Quality however has been good, although more halves and pieces have been observed, possibly as a result of the drought. The demand for South African macadamia kernel and NIS remains strong. It is possible that the 2017 crop could even be lower due to the extremely dry conditions. New data received from nurseries indicate that the South African macadamia industry is currently growing by more than 2,000 hectares per year, and that the current size of the industry is approximately 25,000 hectares.

Estimated World Macadamia Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. Country AUSTRALIA SOUTH AFRICA KENYA USA GUATEMALA MALAWI CHINA BRAZIL COLOMBIA NEW ZEALAND SWAZILAND OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2015 Beginning Stock 0 178 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 178

2016

Crop

Total Supply

45,100 46,000 33,000 15,354 8,867 7,212 5,000 5,167 1,000 600 110 7,500 174,910

45,100 46,178 33,000 15,354 8,867 7,212 5,000 5,167 1,000 600 110 7,500 175,088

Ending Stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Beginning stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Crop

Total Supply

46,750 38,500 27,500 13,901 9,050 7,465 6,000 5,596 1,000 600 110 10,000 166,472

175,088

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Ending Stock n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

166,472

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. Country AUSTRALIA SOUTH AFRICA KENYA USA GUATEMALA MALAWI CHINA BRAZIL COLOMBIA NEW ZEALAND SWAZILAND OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2015 Beginning Stock 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50

Crop 13,500 12,900 8,846 3,528 1,900 1,781 1,250 1,250 250 150 26 1,875 47,256

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

2016

Total Supply 13,500 12,950 8,846 3,528 1,900 1,781 1,250 1,250 250 150 26 1,875 47,306

Ending Stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

47,306

Beginning stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Crop 14,025 10,780 7,372 3,194 1,800 1,414 1,500 1,500 250 150 26 2,500 44,511

Total Supply 14,025 10,780 7,372 3,194 1,800 1,414 1,500 1,500 250 150 26 2,500 44,511

Ending Stock n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

44,511

Reported at 3.5% NIS moisture content. South Africa: NIS measured at 1.5% kernel moisture content. Guatemela: based on 1.5% moisture in-shell and kernel at 1.5%; 2015 reported a better yield vs. 2016. Source: Australian Macadamia Society, Southern African Macadamia Growers Association, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Tree Nut Growers Association of Malawi and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

PECANS

/ PECANA / NOIX DE PÉCAN / NOCE PECAN / PECANUSS / PEKAN CEVIZI

USA. USA crop prospective looks good

MEXICO. Mexico has experienced good

across the growing regions. At the time of writing this report, there were still key kernel filling days left, so decent rainfall was still necessary to ensure the good quality. Georgia appears to have a good Stuart crop which usually leads to a large overall crop there. The Western United Sates has a good return crop from both a quality and quantity standpoint. China is showing strong interest for the early harvested pecans as well as with post New Year’s contracting. Kernel exports up a percentage point or two over previous year despite high kernel prices.

summer rains in most growing regions, and therefore, expectations are strong for both good “off-year” crop size and quality.

from South Africa in 2016. Nut size was good, however the majority of the crop was exported to China on an in-shell basis.

AUSTRALIA. Australia produced a relatively good “off-year” pecan crop in 2016 in excess of 2,500 MT. Good spring rains throughout the growing regions will be beneficial for the start of the 2017 season. Modest crop increases are expected in future years as new trees come into production with more plantings now underway.

SOUTH AFRICA. South Africa continues to experience one of the worst droughts ever recorded and the resultant restrictions on irrigation and lack of rain severely hampered the 2016 crop, which again came in well below expectations. Furthermore, an unseasonably warm winter meant the harvest was also delayed. Both factors resulted in shipments later than usual

Estimated World Pecan Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016 Crop

Total Supply

55,025

115,344

170,369

62,150

2,500

122,700

125,200

SOUTH AFRICA

10,150

AUSTRALIA

OTHERS

USA MEXICO

WORLD TOTAL

Beginning Stock

2016/2017 Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Crop

Total Supply

62,150

131,550

193,700

74,850

7,000

113,400

120,400

7,000

10,150

10,080

3,300

200

2,550

2,750

200

1,800

1,000

57,525

253,294

310,819

69,350

258,580

327,930

82,050

241,469

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Ending Stock

245,880

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. Country USA

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

Crop

2016/2017

Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Crop

Total Supply

Ending Stock

24,211

50,751

74,962

27,346

57,882

85,228

32,934

1,250

61,350

62,600

3,500

56,700

60,200

3,500

SOUTH AFRICA

5,075

5,040

AUSTRALIA

1,650

100

1,275

1,375

100

OTHERS

900

500

25,461

119,726

145,187

30,946

121,397

152,343

36,534

MEXICO

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

114,241

115,809

Source: USDA FAS, SIAP Mexico and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

PINE NUTS 松子

/ PIÑÓN / PIGNON / PINOLI / PINIENKERNE / ÇAM FISTIGI

By end-September, pine nuts had been harvested all over the world. There is little change in crop estimates from the data that were reported at the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress (May 2016). The production of Russia has been revised from 4,000 to 4,900 metric tons (kernel basis).

As reported by the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs (CCCFNA), exports of pine nuts have increased significantly over the past few years, reaching 13,444 MT in 2015. According to CCCFNA, the market is expected to remain flat the coming months with a weak demand situation in Europe.

Estimated World Pine Nut Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

Crop

2016/2017

Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Crop

Total Supply

Ending Stock

FAR EAST CHINA

12,000

5,000

17,000

2,650

4,000

6,650

500

200

3,000

3,200

200

5,000

5,200

150

4,050

4,100

4,900

4,950

PAKISTAN

100

3,000

3,100

100

3,000

3,100

100

AFGHANISTAN

100

3,000

3,100

100

3,000

3,100

100

12,450

18,050

30,500

3,100

19,900

23,000

910

100

410

510

100

650

750

100

370

410

700

740

ITALY

150

360

510

100

600

700

100

SPAIN

310

600

OTHERS

100

290

1,500

1,790

240

2,650

2,890

240

12,740

19,550

32,290

3,340

22,550

25,890

1,150

NORTH KOREA RUSSIA

SUBTOTAL MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) TURKEY PORTUGAL

SUBTOTAL WORLD TOTAL

28,950

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

24,740

Source: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs and other INC sources.

China. Pine Nut Exports. Metric Tons 13,444 11,579 9,948

9,633 7,873

7,862

10,683

11,428

7,026

4,194

2006

2007

2008

Source: CCCFNA, 2016 China International Tree Nut Conference

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Statistical Review

PISTACHIOS

心果 / PISTACHO / PISTACHE / PISTACCHIO / PISTAZIE / ANTEP FISTIGI

USA. CY16 started in late August due to

IRAN. The Iran Pistachio Association (IPA)

TURKEY. The lack of rains has trimmed the

extreme hot weather in mid-August. At the time of writing this report, overall crop size was trending towards approximately 363,000 metric tons. The overall crop quality is of concern due to the presence of dark stain, adhering hull and other damage. The early buying indications are strong as buyers seek to refill the supply pipeline and secure the more limited open in shell supply.

pre-harvest estimate for the 2016 crop has been set at 170,000 MT (in-shell basis) as of October 2016, a drop of 40,000 MT from the previous year’s 210,000 MT. Iran produces, on an annual basis, a certain unknown volume of pistachio nuts, which are consumed domestically as fresh product. This unknown volume is not included in the attached production figures. IPA estimates that around 80% of Iran’s annual production is exported. This means that, according to IPA’s estimate, around 150,000 MT of Iranian pistachios (in-shell basis) will be available for export during the current marketing

previous forecast of 160,000 MT to 135,000 MT. The carry over is forecast at between 40,000 and 50,000 MT in the wake of a smaller-thanexpected crop. Normally, exports account for are very small portion of the crop. Domestic demand is expected to continue strong.

crop-year.

Estimated World Pistachio Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

2016/2017

Crop

Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Crop

Total Supply

Ending Stock

USA

84,000

127,000

211,000

51,000

363,000

414,000

91,000

IRAN

4,000

210,000

214,000

17,000

170,000

187,000

n/a

10,000

145,000

155,000

40,000

135,000

175,000

50,000

SYRIA

25,000

20,000

AFGHANISTAN

5,000

GREECE

4,000

ITALY

2,500

CHINA

4,200

2,200

AUSTRALIA

1,150

2,000

98,000

523,850

621,850

108,000

703,700

811,700

141,000

TURKEY

TOTAL

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

513,850

670,700

Source: Iran Pistachio Association, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Australian Pistachio Growers Association and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

WALNUTS 核桃

/ NUEZ / NOIX / NOCE / WALNUSS / CEVIZ

CHINA. A good walnut crop is expected this season. Already in August, participants in the 2016 China International Tree Nuts Conference from the 5 major producing regions predicted the crop to be 900,000 metric tons (in-shell). An ideal blossom combined with ample rainfall throughout summer and additional bearing trees have assisted in producing this record crop. The initial forecast of 600,000 MT announced in the INC Congress was revised upwards in view of the vast plantations that took place over the last decades, for both new and hybrid varieties, across the whole country. The ever-increasing production has basically matched the growing demand with very limited carry over season after season. However, the technical survey that estimates the crop size remains difficult as most of the trees grow on hills and mountains and

USA. The USDA NASS California Field Office

acres, up 5% from 300,000 acres in 2015 with average trees per acre rising to 73. Export demand continues to drive consumption with 64% of 2015 shipments bound for international markets. Germany is the largest export market followed by China, Turkey, Japan and Spain. The US market remains the industry’s largest, accounting for 36% of shipments. Global demand for California walnuts remains strong due to solid marketing programs, handler efforts and growing consumer awareness of walnuts health and versatility attributes.

released the 2016 Objective Measurement for walnuts, estimating a crop of 607,813 MT up 11% percent from 2015's production of 547,032 MT. Final inventory is pending however; carryout is estimated at 65,669 MT, for a total supply of 673,482 MT. Bearing acreage has continued to rise, reaching 315,000

revised down from 108,000 MT (in-shell basis) previously announced to 80,000 MT, according to the Ukrainian Nut Association, due to unfavorable weather conditions and crop decrease that takes place once every 15 years approximately.

consumption is still hardly measurable, especially in the rural areas of this vast country. The full harvest was nearly completed by midSeptember. In the last couple of years, some farmers started to collect and sell green hull walnuts as early as in August, since unripe walnuts are becoming popular in some origins. The quality is reported well with full kernels. The price should be lower and competitive after two important holidays: Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day.

UKRAINE. The Ukrainian crop has been

Estimated World Walnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. Country

Beginning Stock

2015/2016 Crop Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

2016/2017 Crop Total Supply

Ending Stock

CHINA

20,000

580,000

600,000

40,000

900,000

940,000

40,000

USA

73,531

547,032

620,563

65,669

607,813

673,482

76,089

CHILE

2,000

75,000

77,000

3,000

90,000

93,000

2,000

IRAN

97,000

90,000

UKRAINE

116,000

5,000

80,000

85,000

FRANCE

1,000

40,000

41,000

36,000

INDIA

34,000

36,000

MOLDOVA

46,000

34,000

ROMANIA

29,000

25,000

4,000

20,000

24,000

3,000

20,000

23,000

3,000

ITALY

17,000

15,000

HUNGARY

19,000

11,000

AUSTRALIA

10,000

6,500

GEORGIA

7,500

5,500

100,531

1,637,532

1,738,063

116,669

1,956,813

2,073,482

121,089

TURKEY

TOTAL

1,621,394

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

1,952,393

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016

Total Supply

Ending Stock

255,200

264,000

17,600

396,000

413,600

17,600

USA

32,393

240,983

273,376

28,929

267,759

296,688

33,519

CHILE

1,000

33,000

34,000

1,500

39,600

41,100

2,000

IRAN

42,680

39,600

UKRAINE

44,600

1,000

27,000

28,000

FRANCE

440

17,600

18,040

16,000

INDIA

15,062

16,000

MOLDOVA

17,000

12,000

4,000

8,800

12,800

3,000

8,800

11,800

2,000 0

TURKEY

Crop

2016/2017

8,800

CHINA

Beginning Stock

Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Crop

ROMANIA

11,600

9,000

ITALY

7,310

7,000

HUNGARY

7,600

3,900

AUSTRALIA

4,500

2,900

GEORGIA

2,763

2,000

46,633

708,698

755,331

52,029

847,559

899,588

TOTAL

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

703,302

55,119 844,469

China: The conversion rate (in-shell to kernel) has been adjusted to 44%, similar to other origins, given the introduction of premium varieties with very high yield. Source: California Walnut Board and Commission, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Ukrainian Nut Growers Association, ChileNut and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

PEANUTS

花生 / CACAHUETE / CACAHUÈTE / ARACHIDE / ERDNUSS / YER FISTIGI

CHINA. As reported by the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs (CCCFNA), the peanut planting area in China is widening this year. At present, the major planting areas are Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces (between 35 and 45 degrees north latitude). According to estimates by CCCFNA, the acreage has increased by 15% this year. Weather conditions, like sunlight and rain, and a higher average yield (up 10%) point to an

output of 17.36 million metric tons. Though China had witnessed a rapid growth in demand for peanuts for processing and an increase in peanut consumption, demand for food ingredients is forecast to remain flat as a result of the slowing economic growth, yet there is a possibility of recovery.

INDIA. Meanwhile, the second largest producer, India expects a 16% increase in production this season to 5.2 million metric

tons. The extent of cultivated land has increased by 28% in 2016, to about 432 million hectares.

USA. In contrast to previous projections, a recent report by the US Department of Agriculture forecasts the peanut crop at 2.9 million metric tons (6.4 billion pounds), up 3% from 2015/16. According to USDA, even with a reduction in Georgia’s peanut acreage, the decline in production will be mitigated by a record yield.

Estimated World Peanut Production. In-shell Basis · 1000 Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

CHINA INDIA USA NIGERIA INDONESIA ARGENTINA SENEGAL VIETNAM GHANA BRAZIL NICARAGUA MEXICO COTE D'IVOIRE SOUTH AFRICA OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

Crop

0 47 953 n/a 100 670 13 38 n/a 23 22 23 n/a 22 97 2,008

16,860 4,470 2,817 3,000 1,130 1,000 725 485 440 330 175 105 90 40 8,852 40,519

2016/2017

Total Supply

Ending Stock

16,860 4,517 3,770 3,000 1,230 1,670 738 523 440 353 197 128 90 62 8,949 42,527

Beginning stock

0 107 812 n/a 80 5 23 52 n/a 12 14 28 n/a 5 98 1,236

Crop

Total Supply

17,366 5,200 2,911 3,000 1,150 1,000 735 470 440 360 200 105 90 35 8,200 41,262

41,291

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Ending Stock

17,366 5,307 3,723 3,000 1,230 1,005 758 522 440 372 214 133 90 40 8,298 42,498

0 200 982 n/a 80 n/a 35 35 n/a 30 20 23 n/a 5 120 1,530

40,968

Source: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, United States Department of Agriculture and other INC sources.

US Peanut Supply and Disappearance. 1000 Metric Tons Year Beg. Aug. 1 2014/15* 2015/16** 2016/17**

Beg Stocks 843 953 812

Supply Production 2,354 2,817 2,911

Imports 41 43 36

Total 3,237 3,813 3,760

Domestic Food 1,363 1,417 1,445

3.577 2.582

2.848 2.388

2.673

2.341 1.571

1.675

1.666

2.715

1.886

2.463

Crush 306 322 387

Disappearance Seed & Residual Exports 125 490 561 701 265 680

3.813 3.190

2.817 1.893

2007/8

2008/9

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

3.760

2.911

2.354

Total Supply 2006/7

Ending Stock 953 812 982

3.237

3.068

1.660

Total 2,284 3,001 2,778

2014/15*

2015/16**

Production 2016/17**

(*) Estimated (**) Forecast. Last update: September 13, 2016. Source: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crop Production and Peanut Stocks and Processing, and US Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

DATES / DÁTIL / DATTE / DATTERO / DATTEL / HURMA Table dates only represent 12% of world date production, the majority of which is self-consumed in bulk by the producing countries. However, the industry has witnessed a significant increase in table date consumption from year to year. This increase is mostly found in the producing countries of the Middle East and North Africa, with the exception of those countries

facing economic instability. It must also be said that a significant portion of the exported dates is not table date. In addition to products for industrial use, between 25 and 30% of exports are sold for consumption in bulk.

Estimated World Table Date Production. Metric Tons. Country SAUDI ARABIA UAE TUNISIA IRAN ALGERIA EGYPT IRAQ PAKISTAN ISRAEL USA OMAN MOROCCO SUDAN LIBYA OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2015/2016 Beginning Stock 18,000 8,000 7,000 4,000 5,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 50 4,000 60,050

Production

Total Supply

190,000 120,000 95,000 85,000 80,000 65,000 60,000 28,000 25,000 16,000 15,000 12,000 10,000 500 35,000 836,500

208,000 128,000 102,000 89,000 85,000 67,500 62,000 29,000 27,500 19,000 16,000 13,000 11,000 550 39,000 896,550

2016/2017 Ending Stock

Beginning stock

17,000 8,500 6,500 4,500 5,500 2,000 1,500 1,500 2,500 3,500 1,500 1,000 1,000 100 4,000 60,600

Production

Total Supply

200,000 130,000 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 30,000 27,000 18,000 20,000 15,000 11,000 1,000 30,000 882,000

217,000 138,500 106,500 94,500 85,500 72,000 61,500 31,500 29,500 21,500 21,500 16,000 12,000 1,100 34,000 942,600

835,950

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Ending Stock 18,000 9,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 2,500 1,500 1,500 3,000 4,000 1,500 1,000 500 100 4,000 62,600

880,000

Source: INC. These data concern only dates that have undergone a conditioning and are presented for sale as such. Dates for industrial use or presented for sale in bulk are excluded. Therefore, these data represent only about 12% of world gross production.

DRIED APRICOTS

杏 / OREJÓN / ABRICOT SEC / ALBICOCCA SECCA / GETROCKNETE APRIKOSE / KURU KAYISI

TURKEY. According to a recent report by the Aegean Exporters’

areas. Approximately 25% of the total crop was damaged by hail or fermented (some of the sulphured ones were reconditioned). At the end of the 2015/16 season, Turkish dried apricot exports were 76,000 MT. The 2016/17 season started on 1 August 2016 and new crop exports had reached 12,000 MT as of 17 September 2016.

Association, the 2016/17 Turkish dried apricot crop is expected to be 103,250 metric tons, up 22% from the previous season. Total supply is projected at around 108,250 MT with 5,000 MT estimated beginning stocks. Strong hails just before harvesting and heavy rains during the sun drying period damaged the quality in some

Estimated World Dried Apricot Production. Metric Tons. Country TURKEY IRAN UZBEKISTAN CHINA AFGHANISTAN SOUTH AFRICA USA OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2015/2016 Beginning Stock 5,000 0 0 300 0 0 0 0 5,300

Production

Total Supply

84,500 15,000 8,500 5,000 4,000 1,446 2,000 30,300 150,746

89,500 15,000 8,500 5,300 4,000 1,446 2,000 30,300 156,046

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) Source: Aegean Exporters Association and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

2016/2017 Ending Stock 5,000 1,000 0 200 0 0 0 2,000 8,200

147,846

Beginning stock 5,000 1,000 0 200 0 0 0 2,000 8,200

Production

Total Supply

103,250 15,000 9,000 6,000 3,500 1,500 1,200 30,000 169,450

108,250 16,000 9,000 6,200 3,500 1,500 1,200 32,000 177,650

Ending Stock 15,000 1,000 0 250 0 0 0 1,500 17,750

159,900

Statistical Review

DRIED CRANBERRIES 莓

/ ARÁNDANO / MIRTILLO ROSSO / KEÇIYEMISI

It is estimated that the 2016 fresh fruit cranberry crop will be 7% larger than in 2015 to 570,000 MT. In USA, larger fruit yields in Wisconsin are driving the growth. East coast growers are concerned if they will have enough water to harvest the crop following summer drought conditions, particularly in

Massachusetts. Packers and importers are expecting a busy season similar to last year. Increased awareness in China is driving volume growth as importers prepare for the Chinese New Year buying season. In Chile, the 2016 fresh fruit crop was larger than expected up 5% versus last year to 21,000 MT.

Estimated World Sweetened Dried Cranberries Production. Metric Tons. 2015/2016 Country Beginning Stock

Production

USA 11,000 134,000 CANADA 2,000 25,000 CHILE 0 6,000 WORLD TOTAL 13,000 165,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Total Supply

Ending Stock

145,000 27,000 6,000 178,000

12,000 2,000 500 14,500

Beginning stock 12,000 2,000 500 14,500

2016/2017 Production

Total Supply

142,000 32,000 10,000 184,000

154,000 34,000 10,500 198,500

163,500

Ending Stock 14,000 2,500 800 17,300

181,200

The cranberry crop is harvested in the fall. End of year statistics are measured as of August 31st. 2016/17 represents the estimate of production and supply through August 31, 2017. Source: INC.

DRIED FIGS

花果 / HIGO SECO / FIGUE SEC / FICO SECCO / GETROCKNETE FEIGE / KURU INCIR

TURKEY. The Turkish 2016/17 dried fig crop has been revised higher to 72,000 metric tons, from the 60,000 MT previously forecast. The crop is composed of all sizes in balance. The quality was expected to be very good

Estimated World Dried Fig Production. Metric Tons. 2015/2016 Country Beginning Stock

Production

TURKEY 0 74,505 IRAN 5,000 30,000 USA 0 9,000 GREECE 0 8,000 AFGHANISTAN 0 6,000 SPAIN 0 6,000 ITALY 0 4,000 OTHERS 0 5,000 WORLD TOTAL 5,000 142,505 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

Total Supply

as weather conditions were favorable to grow sound and healthy fruits. However, unexpected summer rains with showers and persistent wind from the South caused some damage. As of 17 September 2016, exports reached 66,000 MT.

2016/2017 Ending Stock

74,505 35,000 9,000 8,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 5,000 147,505

0 3,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,000

Beginning stock 0 3,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,000

Production

Total Supply

72,000 30,000 9,000 7,500 7,000 5,500 3,500 5,000 139,500

72,000 33,000 9,000 7,500 7,000 5,500 3,500 5,000 142,500

144,505

Ending Stock 0 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000

140,500

Source: Aegean Exporters Association and other INC sources.

PRUNES

/ CIRUELA SECA / PRUNEAU / PRUGNA SECCA / BACKPFLAUME / KURU ERIK / PRUNA SECA

World production of prunes is expected to be down 31% in 2016 over 2015 to about 184,200 MT, mainly due to a 59% decline in the US crop and a 42% decline in Argentina. Leading up to the recent harvest it seemed that estimates of the crop size were as varied as the spring weather that led to the small crop. Significant cold, wet and windy events in California in March

Estimated World Prune Production. Metric Tons. 2015/2016 Country Beginning Stock

USA 41,576 CHILE 10,690 ARGENTINA 14,041 FRANCE 14,989 SERBIA 600 AUSTRALIA 300 ITALY 480 SOUTH AFRICA 80 TOTAL 82,756 CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

interrupted the pollination and impacted the development of young fruit. Back in September, when the harvest was complete, most industry observers were inclined to think production volume would be in line with the USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service) estimate of 41,000 MT.

2016/2017

Production

Total Supply

Ending Stock

98,802 76,945 43,197 35,000 7,000 3,600 1,200 1,000 266,744

140,378 87,635 57,238 49,989 7,600 3,900 1,680 1,080 349,500

64,830 17,853 27,117 17,000 600 300 450 0 128,150

221,350

Beginning stock 64,830 17,853 27,117 17,000 600 300 450 0 128,150

Production

Total Supply

41,000 70,000 25,000 35,000 8,000 3,000 1,200 1,000 184,200

105,830 87,853 52,117 52,000 8,600 3,300 1,650 1,000 312,350

Ending Stock 42,000 12,497 10,000 11,900 420 210 315 0 77,342

235,008

Source: International Prune Association, California Dried Plum Board and Chile Prunes Association.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

RAISINS, SULTANA & CURRANTS

葡萄干 / UVA PASA / RAISIN SEC / UVETTA / ROSINE / KURU ÜZÜM

USA. The 2016 harvest was 7 to 10 days

TURKEY. According to the Aegean

IRAN. As for the Iranian sultana, the Iran

early. There was above average rainfall last winter, and while the drought in California is not over, rain and snow fall allowed most raisin growers to receive surface water irrigation deliveries. The industry expects a higher quality raisin owing to adequate water and good growing conditions.

Exporters Association, dried grape production in Turkey this season 2016/17 is forecast at 313,000 MT, up 60% from 2015/16. Total supply is, therefore, forecast at around 328,000 MT with 15,000 MT beginning stocks. Farmers finished harvesting the new crop at the end of September. Weather conditions had been good except in some regions. The crop is expected to be of good quality with sufficient volume for the market. At the end of the 2015/16 season, Turkish dried grape exports reached 201,000 MT. The 2016/17 season started on 1 September 2016 and new crop exports reached 12,000 MT by 17 September.

Dried Fruit Exporters Association predicted a good quality and size crop. Dried grape production has been estimated at 180,000 MT, including 40,000 MT of Golden Raisin, 20,000 MT of Sundried, and 120,000 MT of Sultanas. Domestic demand increased up to 45,000 MT last year. The main export markets are Europe, Russia and Iraq.

Christmas is an important selling season for the California raisin industry, with industrial shipments to Europe starting as early as July and US domestic shipments starting around October. California raisin shipments to India have been quite limited as the Indian population in general prefers lighter colored over darker colored fruit.

CHINA. In China, some unexpected rains marked the end of July and early August, reducing the 2016/17 forecast to 135,000140,000 metric tons.

Estimated World Raisin/Sultana/Currant Production. Metric Tons. Country

2015/2016 Beginning Stock

2016/2017

Production

Total Supply

Ending Stock

Beginning stock

Production

Total Supply

Ending Stock

USA

97,000

294,000

391,000

88,000

305,000

393,000

88,000

TURKEY

45,000

196,000

241,000

15,000

313,000

328,000

13,000

IRAN

15,000

160,000

175,000

25,000

180,000

205,000

25,000

CHINA

10,000

165,000

175,000

8,000

140,000

148,000

8,000

INDIA

135,000

CHILE

8,000

55,000

63,000

6,000

70,000

76,000

6,000

UZBEKISTAN

50,000

AFGHANISTAN

32,000

3,000

45,000

48,000

3,000

SOUTH AFRICA

3,500

56,000

59,500

45,000

27,000

ARGENTINA

GREECE

2,000

35,000

37,000

20,000

AUSTRALIA

12,000

180,500

1,217,000

1,397,500

145,000

1,342,000

1,487,000

143,000

TOTAL

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

1,252,500

Source: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association and other INC sources.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

1,344,000

Statistical Review

SPECIAL REPORT INDIA. EXPORTS. CASHEW NUTS, SHELLED

AMERICAS

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

51,756

34,738

37,649

30,877

27,460

49,976

33,344

36,261

29,381

26,148

1,127

947

798

765

544

NORTH AMERICA USA Canada LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN Trinidad and Tobago

(HS code 080132). Metric tons

608

392

445

572

603

Colombia

Others

15,901

13,793

16,309

16,234

14,359

7,034

6,105

7,766

7,429

7,971 2,701

ASIA-PACIFIC NORTHEAST ASIA Japan Rep. of Korea

995

1,121

2,017

3,403

DPR of Korea

355

614

545

628

470

Nepal

361

446

522

565

380

China, incl. Hong Kong

854

499

569

491

430

SOUTH/CENTRAL ASIA Singapore Malaysia Others

1,911

1,660

2,033

1,438

1,102

531

1,255

1,202

744

889

2,002

1,202

947

992

AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA New Zealand Australia EUROPE

328

164

383

284

211

1,529

727

326

261

131

37,228

26,974

31,747

29,763

24,578

12,141

8,861

11,061

9,527

7,022

2,978

2,146

2,916

4,222

3,208

WESTERN EUROPE Netherlands Germany

India. 2015 Exports. Cashew Nuts, Shelled

24%

France

4,013

2,651

3,543

3,091

2,890

Belgium

2,727

1,973

2,182

2,722

2,815

Spain

3,349

2,556

3,316

2,282

2,655

United Kingdom

3,969

2,759

2,917

2,666

2,164

Greece

1,341

1,432

1,272

1,320

1,017

Others

2,193

1,329

994

1,352

1,359

CENTRAL/EASTERN EUROPE

14%

Norway

1,015

563

798

589

274

Poland

183

329

587

398

192

Czechia

306

176

206

300

159

Sweden

686

419

279

160

159

2,326

1,781

1,675

1,135

665

28,315

26,348

38,512

37,647

36,660

13,952

11,460

20,253

20,451

20,170

Others MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA MIDDLE EAST United Arab Emirates

35%

27% Middle East/Africa Americas Europe Asia-Pacific

Metric Tons 36,660 MT 27,460 MT 24,578 MT 14,359 MT

Saudi Arabia

4,337

5,843

6,757

7,175

7,592

Kuwait

1,228

1,185

1,588

1,450

1,493

Iran

636

687

1,423

947

986

Qatar

350

597

825

743

770

Turkey

1,159

367

702

783

760

Others

3,750

3,439

3,984

2,934

3,095

AFRICA Algeria

854

1,197

1,505

1,648

627

1,028

1,211

1,095

1,067

625

South Africa

755

184

304

344

516

Others

267

178

105

Egypt

TOTAL

133,201 101,853 124,218 114,522 103,057

Source: DESA/UNSD United Nations Comtrade Database.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Statistical Review

INDIA. EXPORTS. PEANUTS

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

17,503

3,740

1,830

4,260

1,705

Canada

273

1,890

USA

774

384

AMERICAS NORTH AMERICA

(HS Code 1202). Metric tons

LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN 15,849

460

1,468

3,939

1,513

Colombia

Mexico

326

694

175

165

144

Others

280

312

138

ASIA-PACIFIC

503,660 337,148 330,743 404,342 408,871

NORTHEAST ASIA China, incl. Hong Kong Japan

38,801

12,634

3,625

23,792

25,856

630

380

361

133

SOUTH/CENTRAL ASIA Indonesia

273,143 156,017 192,270 195,836 170,234

Malaysia

92,229

74,291

49,671

63,398

77,734

Thailand

28,970

25,486

16,605

29,180

58,812

Philippines

52,593

56,671

55,534

66,488

52,900

Others

17,214

11,634

13,001

25,259

23,176

35,010

20,880

AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA Australia

Others

42,396

31,340

3,628

2,397

668

763

727

336

600

290

193

257

1,532

357

532

209

103

11,065

4,428

2,279

1,001

100

15,417

12,611

10,294

11,028

8,325

7,305

9,091

5,269

16,743

7,925 1,192

EUROPE

19,215

WESTERN EUROPE Netherlands Greece Germany United Kingdom Others CENTRAL/EASTERN EUROPE Ukraine

India. 2015 Exports. Peanuts, Shelled

14%

Russian Federation Georgia

331

635

886

994

Croatia

171

276

518

489

377

439

1,744

953

766

1,805

1,299

43,694

37,847

47,943

81,145

71,024 31,373

Serbia

82%

4% 0.3%

Others MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

16,304

11,431

13,907

28,631

Iran

Pakistan

1,395

1,293

5,344

3,751

5,719

Saudi Arabia

2,703

2,164

1,770

2,079

2,531

114

984

2,436

1,808

1,469

Iraq Turkey

245

Jordan

637

424

580

387

791

Israel

980

551

868

851

457

1,666

2,467

1,924

2,286

1,056

Others AFRICA

Asia-Pacific Middle East/Africa Europe Americas

Metric Tons 408,871 MT 71,024 MT 20,880 MT 1,705 MT

Algeria

6,042

1,609

7,324

21,202

7,773

United Arab Emirates

8,309

6,456

7,908

5,439

7,773

Egypt

590

2,979

1,305

4,596

4,397

3,733

5,048

4,008

7,040

3,477

Mauritius

211

173

267

642

Others

841

3,333

2,718

1,823

1,131

Yemen

TOTAL

607,254 410,076 399,731 524,757 502,480

Source: DESA/UNSD United Nations Comtrade Database.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

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Industry News

ALMOND BOARD OF CALIFORNIA (ABC) EXPLORES ALTERNATIVE USES OF BY-PRODUCTS AS MARKETS SHIFT

he changing markets for almond by-products have led Almond Board of California (ABC) to step up its understanding of alternatives to managing orchard removal waste plus almond hulls and shells. The reduction in cogeneration facilities is making it more expensive and difficult to find homes for the wood waste. In the past, almond hulls were primarily used as livestock feed while the shells were used for livestock bedding. However, the value of hulls has significantly declined, as demand from the California dairy industry decreases while almond hull production is continually increasing. For the 2015/2016 crop year, ABC estimates that over 1.5 million metric tons of hulls and over 0.5 million metric tons of shells were produced, with a growing proportion needing new outlets, preferably for higher value-added uses. (See Charts 1 and 2 for full details on California biomass statistics, current and potential future uses). In early 2106 the ABC Board of Directors announced the Accelerated Innovation Management (AIM) program, with the purpose to identify sustainable and innovative almond production and processing practices that will be required to meet the future needs of the consumer, the community, and the planet. Some of the priority areas identified are to explore alternative uses of almond by-products and to maximize value-added utilization of all orchard products. Along with investing in research, ABC is working closely with the Almond Alliance of California (AAC), formerly the Almond Hullers and Processors Association, to provide relevant data to assist AAC in its efforts as part of a broad coalition seeking state legislative and regulatory solutions to California’s management of wood waste. Orchard Removal Traditionally, almond orchard removal has been a large source of woody materials for cogeneration plants. But due to changes in the electricity market, electricity providers are choosing not to re-sign contracts with cogeneration plants. As a result, there have been several closings of cogeneration plants in the San Joaquin Valley. According to the California Biomass Energy Alliance, five plants have closed due to “antiquated contracts that do not cover all of the plants’ costs. Half of the remaining plants are facing expiring contracts. Without new contracts and revenue streams that reward biomass plants for all of their attributes, half the industry will cease to exist.” Also, while cogeneration could convert the wood to electricity, returning the wood back to the soil would instead return the nutrients and energy back to the soil ecosystem. With the industry anticipating a significant increase in orchard removal over the next several years, based on the natural life cycle of the trees and the continuing impact of the drought, the Almond Board is conducting research on several fronts into alternative uses for almond tree removal biomass.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Whole-Orchard Recycling Research One of the alternatives for dealing with tree biomass upon orchard removal is to grind up entire almond trees and incorporate the tree biomass into the soil. Whole orchard recycling utilizes a rototiller capable of grinding whole standing trees and then the chips are incorporated into the soil. The almond industry wants to better understand how this additional organic matter affects the soil, and more importantly, how it affects the health of a subsequent almond orchard planted in these soils. An orchard recycling trial project conducted over six years at the University of California’s Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center has shown some promising results, according to Gabriele Ludwig, ABC’s director of Sustainability and Environmental Affairs. “The results look promising, in that the young trees could handle it and, after three years, we saw benefits to the soil,” she said.

For the 2015/2016 crop year, ABC estimates that over 1.5 million metric tons of hulls and over 0.5 million metric tons of shells were produced, with a growing proportion needing new outlets. The positive changes in the soil included a significant improvement in water holding capacity. This finding was noticed when the experimental orchard was accidentally not irrigated last summer, and the almond trees planted in the plots that had incorporated ground-up trees had significantly better stem water potential than the trees growing in plots where the removed trees had been burned. The project data also indicated that the ions in the soil, especially harmful salts, might be improved with the infusion of woody organic matter into the soil. ABC is now funding additional trials to see if the results can be replicated in different types of soils, to learn how best to grind up the trees and incorporate the material, and to ensure the orchard recycling doesn’t spread diseases. Bioenergy and Value-Added Alternatives Almond Board–funded research is delving into the area of bioenergy, also known as bioeconomy, to maximize the potential value of almond biomass as bioenergy feedstock. This approach utilizes newer, more efficient thermal, biochemical, or biological conversion and/or extraction technologies to produce biogas, liquid fuels, biochar, bioethanol, liquid fertilizers, valueadded materials, and chemicals from almond biomass. Biogas and biofuels are clean energy feedstocks. Biochar can be used as a soil amendment. The torrefied materials can be used as additives to improve the properties of plastic containers, such as garbage cans, flower pots and rubber tires, and the chemicals may be used to make fibrous materials and additives for foods and pharmaceuticals.

Industry News

There are multiple different thermal processes that convert biomass into energy beyond burning, including gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction. Each process, operated at different temperatures, produces different outputs. • Converts biomass to carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide at temperatures greater than 700 degrees Celsius, without combustion, under a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. • Pyrolysis – Converts biomass in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 300-700 degrees C to produce biogas, bio-oils, and biochar. • Torrefaction – Converts biomass in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 200-300 degrees C to produce torrefied materials, bio-oils, biochar, etc. Each of these processes has at least some kind of pilot project somewhere in California or elsewhere in the country. Some processes

generate biogas that can be burned for energy, some generate biogas for biodiesels, and some generate it for other kinds of bioliquids that may have biopesticide potential. These processes also may be applied for alternative or higher-value uses of shells and hulls. While the future looks promising for new ways to utilize almond biomass there are many questions to be answered about the new bioeconomy processes before they can be widely adopted. Since the first almond plantings in California more than 150 years ago, almond growers have adapted and changed to improve best practices and develop new technologies. The Almond Board of California is committed to ensuring the almond community become even more efficient and sustainable.

Chart 1: Uses for 2016 Almond Biomass (2.3 million metric tons, dry matter) Chart 1: Uses for 2016 Almond Biomass (2.3 million metric tons, dry matter) TWIGS 2% Mulching TWIGS 2% Mulching

PRUNINGS 5% Burning & Mulching PRUNINGS 5% Burning &TREE Mulching REMOVAL 10% Energy/co-gen TREE REMOVALplants 10% Energy/co-gen plants

HULLS 58% Dairy Feed HULLS 58%

SHELLS 25% Dairy Bedding SHELLS 25%

Dairy Feed

Dairy Bedding INEDIBLE 0.4% Cosmetic Oils INEDIBLE 0.4% Cosmetic Oils SKINS 0.2% Dairy SKINSFeed 0.2%& Food Ingredients Dairy Feed & Food Ingredients

Chart 2: Current and New Ways to Utilize Almond Biomass Chart 2: Current and New Ways to Utilize Almond Biomass

DISPOSAL OPTIONS Orchard recycling DISPOSAL OPTIONS & soil amendment Orchard recycling Composting: & soil amendment fertilizers Composting: fertilizers VALUE-ADDED OPTIONS VALUE-ADDED Thermal conversion: OPTIONS syngas, biofuels, biochar, Thermal conversion: torrefied material syngas, biofuels, biochar, Digestion & extraction: torrefied material energy feedstock, Digestion & extraction: biofertilizer energy feedstock, Other: biofertilizer nanofiber, Other: culture media nanofiber, culture media

Woody Biomass Woody 41% Biomass (SHELLS, 41%

TREE REMOVAL, (SHELLS, TREEPRUNINGS, REMOVAL, TWIGS) PRUNINGS, TWIGS)

Fleshy Biomass Fleshy 59% Biomass (HULLS, SKINS, 59% INEDIBLE) (HULLS, SKINS, INEDIBLE)

DISPOSAL OPTIONS Orchard recycling DISPOSAL OPTIONS & soil amendment Orchard recycling Animal feed: & soil amendment pellets for export, Animal feed: further processing for swine pellets for export, further processing for swine VALUE-ADDED OPTIONS VALUE-ADDED Extraction: OPTIONS bioactives, energy feedstock, Extraction: food/pharmaceutical ingredients bioactives, energy feedstock, Digestion: food/pharmaceutical ingredients biogas, biopesticide, biofertilizer Digestion: Biochemical conversion: biogas, biopesticide, biofertilizer Bioplastic, biochemical, Biochemical conversion: spent hulls for soil amendment Bioplastic, biochemical, spent hulls for soil amendment

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

EXPORT RETAIL PROMOTIONS MOVE VOLUME

o move additional retail volume, the California Walnut Commission (CWC) conducted retail campaigns in several key export markets in 2016. In Japan, the CWC communicated the health benefits of walnuts in addition to generating consumer awareness at the point of sale through a consumer sweepstakes campaign. The campaign boosted sales of walnut breads 150% over the previous year and drove volume in the market, contributing to a 3% rise in national supermarket sales. The “2016 California Walnut Sales King” was held in March and April with Korea’s leading grocery chains, E Mart and Kim’s Club. The 37 Kim’s Club stores achieved about 1,200% sales increase compared to a month earlier, 420% increase compared to a year earlier, recording 34 metric tons of

sales during one month period. E Mart’s 141 outlets showed a 92.5% sales increase compared to a month earlier, 140% increase compared to a year earlier. As a whole the contest campaign resulted in an incremental 135 MT moving through the market, nearly doubling the prior year’s contests. In India, the CWC has partnered with Wal-Mart on a six-month campaign to showcase California walnuts in endcap bins which featured CWC signage in 21 stores across the country. The promotional endcaps have been placed in prominent locations in the store such as near the check-out counter or at the end of the category aisle. This campaign has created increased consumer awareness and led to a 20% increase in sales over the duration of promotion.

NEW FALL AD CAMPAIGNS TO LAUNCH

he CWC will launch new fall advertising campaigns in several export markets, in line with new crop arrival in market. Showcasing walnuts versatility, ads predominantly highlight how walnuts can be used in variety of ways.

In Korea, a consumer print campaign will target primary shoppers25-49 with creative focused on versatility and California origin. In Korea (see Figure 1), a consumer print campaign will target primary shoppers 25-49 with creative focused on versatility and California origin. Ads will be featured in women’s/men’s, cooking, and lifestyle publications this fall. Online advertising will complement the print campaign with placements on social media (Facebook, Kakao Story) and leading Korean search engine Naver. Completing this will be digital billboard ads in select stations of the KTX Railway. During the traditional holiday season the CWC will conduct in-store advertising in Spain (see Figure 2) in outlets of leading retailers Eroski, El Corte Ingles, Hipercor and Carrefour. Ads will be placed prominently at the point of sale including columns and security wraps. New creative is currently being developed and tested for the mid-November launch. Throughout the fall, key word campaigns will be conducted on Google, aligned to seasonal promotional themes in order to drive traffic to our Spanish website, nuecesdecalifornia.com.

USA Consumer Ad Campaign Launch In November 2015, the California walnut industry launched the first major multi-media advertising campaign in the U.S. to stimulate demand in a market that had been relatively flat for years. The industry decided to support a second year of the domestic consumer advertising campaign launching this fall to show consumers delicious, simple ways to use heart-healthy1 walnuts throughout many meal occasions. Ads focus on using walnuts in appetizers, salads, dinners, vegetable sides, and as a snack. This years’ plan will have extended continuity with television ads airing three months longer (November through May) running on cable TV networks, and national print running in women’s and lifestyle publications October through August. Last year’s ads were well-received and motivated consumers to purchase walnuts, contributing to a 12.9% increase in domestic shelled shipments and record traffic to walnuts.org.

During the traditional holiday season the CWC will conduct in-store advertising in Spain in outlets of leading retailers Eroski, El Corte Ingles, Hipercor and Carrefour. Figure 1

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Figure 2

Industry News

USA “I Heart Walnuts” Promotion Marries Walnuts with Whole Foods The California Walnut Commission recently wrapped up a public relations initiative called “I Heart Walnuts” that was designed to inspire consumers to pair a variety of whole foods with walnuts. There were a number of components to the program including partnerships with blogger networks as well as well-known food blogger Gaby Dalkin, a consumer recipe contest, social media promotions and retail promotions. Gaby Dalkin, of the popular blog What’s Gaby Cooking?, developed five new simple recipes with walnuts and produced two snapisodes (a how-to video on SnapChat) featuring her Ricotta and Walnut Strawberry Crostini and Blueberry Crumb Cakes with Walnut Streusel. The recipe contest asked consumers to share their recipes that paired walnuts with other whole foods. Walnut-Stuffed Korean Tacos, which used walnuts as a hearty meatless filling, took home the grand prize. Partnerships with complementary commodities - the U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council, Mushroom Council, California Avocado Commission, U.S. Dry Pea and Lentil Council and U.S. Apples - extended the reach of I Heart Walnuts through social media promotion that included fun animated gifs of those commodities showing that they “heart” walnuts. Retail promotions were initiated with dietitians of a dozen retail chains across the country which included collateral distribution, instore demos, and promotion within the stores communications channels to their consumers. Stores saw a significant lift in walnut sales during these promotions. The campaign yielded positive results across all components of the program during a time of year where walnut sales are traditionally slower.

New Tools for Schools - USA The California Walnut Commission exhibited at the School Nutrition Association’s annual meeting this summer to get school nutrition professionals excited about using walnuts. An informational guide was developed and distributed along with ten foodservice recipes developed to meet current nutrition standards. Dayle Hayes, MS, RD of School Meals that Rock authored an article for the guide that talked about how walnuts are a delicious combination of traditional and trendy. Walnuts are a 1 ounce equivalent meat/meat alternate, so they fit wonderfully into the plant-based eating trend, such as tacos, pasta, salads, etc. Another current trend is ethnic cuisine, so new recipes feature salads and bowls with flavors that are on-trend. These are just a couple examples, with more available on walnuts.org.

1 Supportive but not conclusive research shows that eating 1.5 ounces of walnuts per day, as part of a low saturated fat and low cholesterol diet, and not resulting in increased caloric intake may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, March 2004. One ounce of walnuts provides 18g of total fat, 2.5g of monounsaturated fat, 13g of polyunsaturated fat, including 2.5g of alpha–linolenic acid — the plant-based omega–3.

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November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

PISTACHIOS FOR HEALTH: WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THIS MULTIFACETED NUT?

his question was answered in an extensive review article of the same name that spanned a variety of topics on pistachio’s place in history, nutritional value, health benefits and new trends in research. Written by a team of researchers from the Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain, the review was published in Nutrition Today (May/ June 2016), a practice-focused journal. This review is especially important because Nutrition Today’s readership includes health professionals from various disciplines –clinicians, nurses, and nutritionists – who may not have access to specialty journals in which original pistachio research is published. Thus, information in the review may be new to this audience. The researchers began with an overview of pistachios’ nutrient profile, stating that their

complete and diverse set of micronutrients and macronutrients are related to specific health benefits and contribute to pistachios being one of the most health-promoting foods. In addressing the belief that nuts are fattening, the review states that to date, epidemiological studies have not found an association between eating nuts or pistachios and weight gain or increased risk of obesity; nor have controlled feeding studies found that adding nuts to usual diets results in weight gain. Pistachios’ fiber, protein and crunchy physical structure may induce satiety and lower overall food intake. Other major research topics covered in the review include pistachios’ effect on blood pressure; improved glucose metabolism and lipid profile including effect on measures of conventional lipid profile (total cholesterol,

LDL and HDL) and subclasses of LDL particles associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. New areas of pistachio research include lowering the risk of different types of cancer through antioxidant mechanisms and potential prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. While acknowledging that all these areas of research are promising, future clinical trials are needed to add to the growing body of evidence on the benefits of eating pistachios. The article concludes with practice implications and the suggestion that a handful of pistachios is a tasty snack that may confer health benefits in the context of a healthy diet. American Pistachio Growers (APG) provided funding, so the article could be open access, available at no cost to the professional community.

PROCEEDINGS FROM EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015 SYMPOSIUM PUBLISHED

roceedings from an APG sponsored symposium “Pairing Nuts and Dried Fruit for Cardiometabolic Health,” held during the conference, Experimental Biology 2015, Boston, are now published in the Nutrition Journal (March 2016). APG Nutrition Research Science Advisor Arianna Carughi, PhD, both organized the 2015 symposium and is the lead author on the proceedings that included presentations from APG funded research in the areas of nutrient contribution of nuts to healthy dietary patterns and the beneficial effects of pistachios on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease,

blood lipids and glucose levels. Pistachios are higher in β-carotene, lutein and γ-tocopherol than other tree nuts, making them good sources of antioxidants, and they are higher in phytosterols, which reduce plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C. A unique perspective expressed during the symposium and in the proceedings is that pairing nuts and dried fruit, nutrient-rich foods providing an array of micronutrients and bioactive compounds individually associated with lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, would convey benefits in multiple physiological pathways. The spectrum

of dietary antioxidants from nuts and dried fruits (tocopherols, carotenoids, polyphenols and phenolic acids) may lower overall oxidative stress by scavenging or neutralizing oxidant species and enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses against metabolic impairment. Increasing nuts and traditional dried fruit (those without added sugar) intake may displace intake of less healthy foods/snacks that are high in sodium or high in refined sugar, reducing glycemic load. Eating Well has interviewed Dr. Carughi for an upcoming issue of the magazine.

U.S. PISTACHIO UPDATE: 2016 HARVEST

hile the final production figure is not yet known, it’s anticipated a record crop of up to 800 million pounds could be harvested this year. This would certainly surpass the 555 million pounds produced in 2012. The increase over 2015 production is being attributed to three primary causal factors. First, California enjoyed adequate chill hours during the winter to satisfy the required 800 hours during dormancy. Second, many more acres have come into production. It’s estimated there are 240,000 bearing acres

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

(109,090 hectares) currently producing. 302,000 acres (137,272 hectares) are planted in California with an additional 10,000 acres in the states of Arizona and New Mexico. Third, California experienced “normal” rainfall and snowpack. While the drought in the American West persists, the precipitation this winter provided some relief and supported a healthy 2016 crop. Growers are reporting a clean crop with nuts ranging across all sizes. The U.S. industry looks forward to knowing the final crop size by December.

Industry News

SEEING IS BELIEVING: PISTACHIO HEALTH INSTITUTE WELCOMES MEDIA AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FOR HARVEST TOUR

or the first time since 2012, Pistachio Health Institute (PHI) invited members of the media to experience and celebrate the bounty of the California pistachio harvest season. Attendees included leading registered dietitians, popular food, health, and lifestyle media from the U.S. and Canada, and editors from prominent Latino publications. Guests learned about the harvesting, processing and nutritional benefits inside every pistachio, and experienced the flavor profile of the beloved and colorfully green nut. Many had only seen pistachios in grocery stores, and any exposure to pistachio orchards was limited to photos and videos. This one-of-a-kind opportunity deepened their understanding of the pistachio’s unique journey from tree to table, and they left able to share their newfound knowledge with their readers and followers. In the Orchard The first stop was the pistachio orchard. This is where attendees were introduced to the harvesting process, including the ever-popular tree shaker. Many attendees were surprised to see that pistachios grow in clusters, much like grapes, and that the nuts do not require bees for pollination, but rather rely on male and female varieties of the plant to produce a crop. “Can you believe this is what pistachios look like before harvest? One of the best parts of my job is having the opportunity to see up close how food gets from the field to the table.” –Registered Dietitian and Columnist, LA Daily News “Who knew that pistachios grow on trees (literally) and look just like grapes at first?!” –Associate Editor, Good Housekeeping

At the Plant Tour attendees were able to experience the hustle and bustle of a pistachio plant in full operation. With the technological advances ever-present in today’s agricultural and food-processing operations, attendees were surprised to learn that pistachios pass through a hand-sorting step. This personal touch was a refreshing component of the process that many expected to be highly mechanized. Observing the extensive quality control measures in place at the plant provided attendees a new perspective on food safety. On the Plate After a full day in the orchards, attendees looked forward to learning about more ways to enjoy pistachios – from healthy snacks to entrees, and beyond. Once they had experienced the pistachio journey from orchard to processing plant, attendees were clamoring to better understand how to incorporate pistachios on the plate. PHI did not disappoint. The Institute partnered with elite chefs and mixologists to demonstrate innovative recipes that featured pistachios, including savory pistachio cocktails, crunchy pistachio-crusted entrees and decadent pistachio desserts. Each dish inspired attendees to dream up their own pistachio creations upon their return home. As more consumers voice interest in where our food comes from and how it is grown, PHI is thrilled to be able to share with influential media and health professionals the processes and beautiful places that help bring California pistachios to healthy snackers around the globe. These top tier dietitians and media members are now engaged and equipped to amplify the pistachio health story to millions of consumers.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

NEWS FROM THE INC NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION (INC NREF)

By Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D. INC NREF Executive Director

wo new INC NREF-funded studies were published this past summer. The first, in the British Journal of Cancer, looked at the effect of tree nut consumption on prostate cancer risk and mortality. Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, found that men who had prostate cancer and consumed nuts five or more times per week after diagnosis, had a 34 percent lower risk of overall mortality than those who consumed nuts less than once per month. This is important since more men live with prostate cancer than die from it. Publicity to date has resulted in media coverage in 11 countries including Australia, Canada, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Republic of Palau, South Africa, UK, US and Venezuela (see below the press release that was distributed). The second study was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and looked at the association of nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers in 5,013 men and women. Higher nut intake (five or more times per week) was associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL6). Both of these compounds increase in the body when there is inflammation, which can lead to chronic disease. To date, there has been media coverage of this study in eight countries including Australia, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, UK and the US (see next page for the press release that was distributed). Both of these studies add to the ever-increasing body of evidence showing that tree nuts can and should play an important role in a healthy diet.

Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D., Executive Director

Tree Nuts and Prostate Cancer Press Release

TREE NUT CONSUMPTION AND PROSTATE CANCER New Study on Nut Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk and Mortality in the British Journal of Cancer Davis, CA, June 15, 2016 – In a large prospective study published online in the British Journal of Cancer, researchers looked at the association between nut consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality among 47,299 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. While nut consumption was not associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, men who had prostate cancer and consumed tree nuts (almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts) five or more times per week after diagnosis, had a significant 34 percent lower risk of overall mortality than those who consumed nuts less than once per month (HR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.83, P for trend=0.0005). “This is important,” states lead researcher, Ying Bao, MD, ScD, from the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, “since more men live with prostate cancer than die from it.” Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and second most lethal cancer for men in the U.S. According to Dr. Bao, of the 4,346 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic (cancer that has not spread from the place where it started to other places in the body) prostate cancer during the 26 years of follow-up, only about 10 percent died from prostate cancer. Roughly one third of the cancer patients died from cardiovascular disease and the rest from other causes.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Increasing evidence suggests that insulin resistance, a condition in which the cells of the body become resistant to the hormone insulin, is involved in prostate cancer risk and progression. Tree nuts have been associated with improved insulin sensitivity and reduced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and total mortality. Nuts contain important nutrients such as unsaturated fats, high quality protein, vitamins (i.e., vitamin E, folate and niacin) minerals (i.e., magnesium, calcium and potassium) and phytochemicals—all of which may offer cardioprotective, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. “These findings add to the growing body of evidence showing that nuts can and should be part of a healthy diet,” states Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D., Executive Director of the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation (INC NREF). “During the summer months especially, tree nuts are a great, portable snack to take to the beach, on a hike, or camping,” adds Ternus. “Just 1.5 ounces of nuts per day (about 1/3 cup) can have a positive impact on health."

Wang, W., M. Yang, S.A. Kenfield, F.B. Hu, M.J. Stampfer, W.C. Willett, C.S. Fuchs, E.L. Giovannucci, Y. Bao, 2016. Nut consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality. Br J Cancer. [Epub ahead of print]

Industry News Tree Nuts and Inflammatory Biomarkers Press Release

TREE NUT CONSUMPTION AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS

New Study on Nut Consumption and Inflammatory Biomarkers in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Davis, CA, July 27, 2016 – In a cross-sectional analysis published online today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers looked at the association between habitual nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers among 5,013 men and women participating in two ongoing prospective cohort studies: the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Higher nut intake (5 or more times per week) was associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL6). Both of these compounds increase in the body when there is inflammation, which can lead to chronic disease. According to Ying Bao, MD, ScD, from the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and the senior author of the paper, “Substituting three servings per week of tree nuts for three servings per week of red meat, processed meat, or eggs was associated with significantly lower CRP (all P<0.0001) and IL6 (P ranges from 0.01 to 0.04); lower CRP concentrations were also observed when substituting three servings per week of tree nuts for refined grains (P=0.0008).” Elevated CRP levels have been shown to predict the development of both cardiovascular disease and type 2

diabetes, and IL6 has been associated with cardio-metabolic risk. Previous research has shown that consuming tree nuts can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Nuts contain a number of important components such as magnesium, fiber, antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids—all of which may aid in protecting against inflammation. Interestingly, research has also shown that nut consumption may be inversely related to body mass index (BMI), which is a strong determinant of inflammatory biomarkers. In fact, weight loss has been repeatedly shown to be associated with a decrease in levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Therefore, the researchers suggest, the associations between nut intake and inflammatory markers may be mediated in part through BMI. “This is yet another piece of evidence showing that people should include more nuts in their diet,” states Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D., Executive Director of the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation (INC NREF). “Just a handful of tree nuts (1.5 ounces or 1/3 cup) every day can result in numerous health benefits.”

For more information on any INC NREF project please contact Maureen Ternus at Maureen.ternus@nuthealth.org

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www.thecrackingmonkey.com November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

DFA OF CALIFORNIA FORMS A NEW BUSINESS SEGMENT

ith over a century of providing food safety and quality services to the dried fruit and tree nut industry, DFA of California is expanding its services by forming an additional business segment, Safe Food Alliance. This expansion is expected to increase the non-profit organization’s leadership position as a premier food safety provider of accredited laboratory testing and analysis, training and consulting, and certification audits, while also increasing the scope to include a wider variety of food industry sectors.

«Over the past decade, our services have evolved to include a much more dynamic set of food safety services». “Over the past decade, our services have evolved to include a much more dynamic set of food safety services”, explains Sam Keiper, President and CEO. “In order for us to meet our customer’s needs, we must continue to transform our business by expanding our food safety services to address this growing demand.” In addition to the new business segment, DFA Global Certifications will be updating its business name to Safe Food Certifications, LLC. As a recognized certification body, Safe Food Certifications will provide certification audits for GFSI, HACCP, and other platforms to meet the needs of the industry. These audits are officially recognized by state, federal and international authorities responsible for validating quality standards.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

While DFA is committed to expanding its food safety capabilities to a wider audience through Safe Food Alliance, it will continue to provide third-party commodity inspections, arbitration services, Red Seal Certificates that validate food safety and quality standards, and the Export Trading Company opportunities designed to reduce export costs and improve efficiencies to compete more effectively in the export market.

“As we sharpen our focus on a rapidly changing regulatory environment in the food industry, we are eager to continue to serve our long-standing business partners, while we also open our expanded portfolio of expertise and competency to new customers”, says Keiper. “We are excited about the future

of Safe Food Alliance and we believe we are uniquely positioned to increase our customer’s success by helping them navigate a dynamic food safety arena.”

«As we sharpen our focus on a rapidly changing regulatory environment in the food industry, we are eager to continue to serve our long-standing business partners». Headquartered in Sacramento, California, Safe Food Alliance is an affiliate of DFA of California that offers technical food safety services to assist growers, packers, processors and manufacturers to proactively achieve the highest food safety standards. Safe Food Alliance offers accredited and certified laboratory services using recognized testing equipment; extensive food safety training and consulting services to food companies; and a wide variety of facility assessments and audits to achieve food safety certification.

Industry News

STRATEGIES TO OPTIMIZE HEALTHY BONES WITH PRUNES AND EXERCISE Leslie Bonci, MPH, RD, CSSD, LDN

Owner of Active Eating Advice and spokesperson for the California Prune Board.

he recipe for living well is a combination of eating habits, food choices, fitness and stress management. We often hear about heart health and cancer awareness but not enough about taking care of our bones, which provide our supporting structure. We have some control over our bone health but must be proactive and preventive. The Game of Bones It takes a team to optimize bone health. Our diet supplies nutrients that nourish bones to encourage formation rather than resorption. Weight bearing and strength training exercises stimulate skeletal muscles that provide positive stress on the bones, encouraging bone formation. Both diet and exercise are equal partners in bone health. At the same time, it is important to minimize bone robbers such as inactivity, excess alcohol, extreme dieting and smoking. Having a strong skeletal structure decreases the risk of falls and may allow us to live independently throughout our lives. Being able to walk unaided, shovel snow or lug heavy groceries requires muscle and bone strength. What Foods Support Bone Health? Consuming adequate protein is important for our bones. Ideally, protein should be part of each meal and can be found in lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy foods, beans, soy foods, nuts and seeds. Calcium-containing foods such as dairy, fish with bones and calcium fortified foods are also essential.

Vitamin D is vital for healthy bones, but it is not easy to meet daily needs through a regular diet. A supplement may be warranted if levels are low. Vitamin C is a component of collagen, a protein essential in bones and found in citrus foods, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers and berries. Why Prunes? When people think of prunes, they often think of digestive benefits. Yes, prunes can help with regularity, but they have many micronutrients that support healthy bones, including potassium, boron and Vitamin K. Potassium can counter the acid residue from a meat-centric diet which increases calcium excretion. Consuming potassium is bone protective, but according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most Americans do not consume enough. Boron is a bone-friendly nutrient that plays an important role in bone and calcium metabolism. Vitamin K is necessary for bone formation and mineralization, and may decrease the risk of bone fractures. It also may play a role in ensuring that calcium ends up in the bones instead of the blood vessels. A daily serving of prunes (4-5) provides all of these bone health nutrients for only 100 calories. Additionally, clinical trials suggest that prunes may improve bone mineral density and slow the rate of bone turnover in postmenopausal women1. Emerging animal research indicates that prunes may help prevent bone loss in those exposed to radiation, such as astronauts2, and may help to achieve peak bone

mass during growth3. Get Moving In adolescents and young adults, exercise builds strong bones and helps to achieve peak bone mass. The recommendation for weight bearing exercise is 20 to 30 minutes, three to four days per week. In our 20s to 50s cardio exercise, strength training and flexibility are important. Exercise helps maintain muscle mass which preserves and strengthens bone, and balance training decreases the risk of falls and hip fractures. Weight bearing exercises, which include hiking and dancing, and sports such as tennis and soccer, create a force against bones to keep them healthy. Weight training exercise is also important and can be accomplished by using body weight to perform exercises such as pushups and pullups, or by using free weights, weight machines or resistance bands. Finally, core training through planks, crunches and sit ups strengthens the spine, providing more support and balance. Bottom Line To live well and age well, create a bone-friendly routine: • Eat foods that include protein, calcium, vitamin K, potassium and boron. • Get exercise, including weight bearing and strength training workouts. • Minimize inactivity, extreme dieting, alcohol and tobacco.

References. 1. Hooshmand et al. Comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr. 2011 Sep; 106(6):923-30. 2. Scientific Reports 6, Article number 21343 (2016). Access the article at http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21343. Schreurs A-S, Shirazi-Fard Y, Shahnazari M, Alwood JS, Truong TA, Tahimic CGT, Limoli CL, Turner ND, Halloran B and Globus R. 3. Shahnazari M, et al. Dietary dried plum increases bone mass, suppresses proinflammatory cytokines and promotes attainment of peak bone mass in male mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2016;34:73-82.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

INSIDE THE MIND OF THE GLOBAL MACADAMIA CONSUMER Lynne Ziehlke

Market Development Manager Australian Macadamias

he Australian Macadamias marketing program has been heavily centred on social media for the past five years. It’s a strategy that has proven to be highly effective in driving awareness and demand for macadamias in multiple global markets. However, it has offered up another important benefit: a cache of precious consumer insights and data. By regularly mining these data, it has been possible to extract an ongoing real-time picture of who the typical macadamia fan is and shine a light on some powerful market-specific consumer attitudes. Who is the Global Macadamia Fan? There are a number of distinguishing features of the global macadamia fan. • Highly socially engaged: macadamia fans are very active on social media and are up to seven times more likely to share, comment or react to a post, compared to the average Facebook user. • Female skew: the macadamia fan base is heavily female skewed, particularly in Australia and Germany where women account for 88% and 77% of fans respectively. This skew also exists among fan bases in Japan (65%), Taiwan (63%) and South Korea (62%). • Generational spread: there’s no typical global age of a macadamia fan. German and Korean fans are younger at 18 to 24 years, while

Australian and Japanese fans are older at 35 to 54 years. Taiwanese fans occupy the middle ground at 25 to 34 years. • Well educated: macadamia fans have achieved a high level of education, with 71% of Taiwanese, 67% of Australian, 65% of Japanese and 63% of Korean fans being college-educated. • Passionate: fans in all markets wear their hearts on their sleeves. Social media feeds globally are filled with declarations of macadamia love, like this from a South Korean fan, “OMG! I’m so excited that I found Australian Macadamias fan page! The taste of macadamias is totally unforgettable!” Discovering the ‘Macadamia Moment’ Research conducted with macadamia fans in Australia in 20141 unearthed a powerful concept called the ‘Macadamia Moment.’ It’s a luxurious, intimate and indulgent moment spent enjoying macadamias that consumers can describe in great detail using emotional and evocative language. The ‘Macadamia Moment’ is a concept that resonates globally, however what makes it so fascinating is that the favourite ‘Macadamia Moment’ differs between markets. In Australia and Japan, the number one ‘Macadamia Moment’ is relaxing on my own. In Germany and Taiwan, it’s the 3 o’clock pickme-up. While in Korea, it’s a post-workout refuel. All these moments are very different in nature, highlighting important nuances between markets and offering up rich territory for marketing strategy and messaging. Other

popular ‘Macadamia Moments’ include drinks with friends, after lunch or dinner, while commuting and as a snack. The Language of the ‘Macadamia Moment’ When asked to describe a macadamia, consumers are never lost for words! When our global Facebook community was asked to list words that described macadamias best, the adjectives came flooding in. Australian fans used 274 different words to describe macadamias, Japanese fans came up with 140, in Korea it was 99, Taiwan was 48 and Germany used 33. Popular descriptions included yummy, moreish, nutritious, premium and natural. The top three descriptions in each market are: Australia: delicious, creamy, crunchy. Japan: chocolate, nuts, delicious.Germany: delicious, crunchy nutty. Taiwan: tasty, healthy, creamy. Korea: healthy, energising, snack. Sharing a ‘Macadamia Moment’ While for many people, a ‘Macadamia Moment’ is a precious moment of indulgence spent alone, for others, it’s a moment of sharing. So who are macadamia fans willing to share this special moment with? Once again, it differs by location. Consumers in Korea are most likely to share their ‘Macadamia Moment’ with their mother (31%). In Taiwan, consumers will share with their children (23%), partner (26%) or best friend (26%). The person Japanese, German and Australian fans are most likely to share with is their partner (27%, 34% and 43% respectively).

GERMANY

SOUTH KOREA

TAIWAN

JAPAN

AUSTRALIA

Female

Aged: 18-24

Aged: 25-34

Aged: 35-54

Education: College

Thinks macadamias are Delicious, Crunchy & Nutty

Thinks macadamias are A healthy and energizing snack

Thinks macadamias are Tasty, Healthy & Creamy

Thinks macadamias are Chocolate, Nuts & Delicious

Thinks macadamias are Delicious, Creamy and Crunchy

Top macadamia moment 3 o’clock pick-me-up

Top macadamia moment Post work-out refuel

Top macadamia moment 3 o’clock pick-me-up

Top macadamia moment Relaxing on my own

Most likely to share with Nobody

Most likely to share with Mum

Most likely to share with Best friend

Most likely to share with Nobody

Most likely to share with Partner

Least likely to share with Work mates

Least likely to share with Nobody

Least likely to share with Mum

Least likely to share with Work mates

References. 1. Australian Consumer Profiles Research conducted March 2014 by GALKAL on behalf of the Australian Macadamia Society. All other insights are from data collected on the Australian Macadamia Facebook pages in Australia, Germany, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea throughout April and May 2016.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

NUTS FOR LIFE 2015/2016: A YEAR IN REVIEW Lisa Yates

Program Manager and Dietitian Nuts for Life

Market Research We undertook our latest round of biennial health professional market research and it is pleasing to see continued raised awareness of health effects of nuts. Medical doctors responses to our tracking questions below (see Figure 1) shows that focussing more on weight messaging with heart health as a secondary message has worked. Medical doctor awareness of the effects of nuts on weight management has improved although heart health awareness has stabilised. Similar results are seen with dietitians, diabetes educators and fitness professionals.

ne of Nuts for Life’s major goals for the Australian Tree Nut Industry is to increase Australians’ tree nut consumption through promoting the health benefits of eating nuts every day. Each financial year Nuts for Life collates wholesale sales statistics as a measure of apparent Australian tree nut consumption. These data shows that consumption is increasing by 5% per annum year on year. Since the Nuts for Life program began in 2003 the volume of nuts sold has gone from 32,000 tonnes to just under 60,000 tonnes sold in 2014-15, valued at AU$692million at trade prices compared to AU$251million in 2002-03. This is equivalent to around 7grams of nuts a day per person although well short of the 30gram serving size recommended by the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Health promotion has been one factor in these outstanding results but we clearly have much work to do. Over the course of 2015/16 we have undertaken a number of projects that span four main pillars of activity: public health and advocacy, health professional education, consumer marketing and industry education.

Consumer Marketing The 2015-16 consumer marketing program was approximately AU$90,000. Media targets remain the same as in previous years: health, medical, food and women’s print (magazine and newspaper) and online sites. Social media – Twitter, Facebook and blogs – have become important media outlets. We also used Instagram during our #nuts30days30ways consumer campaign in March 2016. Key messages focused on weight management, heart health and “healthy handful of nuts”. One of the insights from the program is the “nut portion caution” statement that often appears in articles about nuts. Statements such as “Nuts are healthy for all these reasons … but don’t eat too many of them they are high in fat/calories.” The article ends on a negative. This is of great concern to us since Australians are not eating enough nuts anyway so there is no reason to caution on the portion size. We will be tackling this in 2016/17 and would be interested to learn if this occurs in media around the world. One of our consumer marketing activities included our #nuts30days30ways social media campaign over the month of March 2016 previously reported in the July 2016 issue of Nutfruit magazine.

Health Professional Education Nuts for Life had trade exhibitions at dietitians, diabetes educators and medical doctor conferences over 2015-16 reaching 3150 delegates with sample nuts and resources. Over six months we direct-mailed 12,000 nut and heart health reports to medical doctors. Our quarterly email newsletter NutENews continues to grow with 2,464 subscribers and an open rate of 27.5% and 5% click through ratio (above industry standards). Storehouse http://storehouse. scoopnutrition.com/, the nutrition bloggers directory Nuts for Life sponsors, now has 110 registered members and has had 21,820 visitors to the website with 78,770 page views. We learnt valuable lessons about website security when our own Nuts for Life website was hacked which impacted website visits.

Figure 1 . Medical doctors responses as “important or very important” to the following statements 2003

2005

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

There is a role for nuts in a healthy daily diet

78%

Nuts can help manage blood cholesterol

79%

Nuts are important for prevention of CHD

97%

Nuts have a positive effect on weight

69%

Nuts prevent diabetes

85%

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Industry News

IN SHORT OVER 2015/16 THE CONSUMER MARKETING PROGRAM GENERATED:

1,312 traditional and social media clips reaching 55 million people – a 5% increase on 2014/15 program. There has been a shift towards traditional media outlets using their social channels as additional avenues to reach their audiences.

2.6 million people reached by our media bureau research (6) releases.

15 new infographics including ones to help explain new research.

122,573 new users of the Nuts for Life website – 17.4% increase on the number of users in 2014/15. Of this, there were 24,486 new Australian users – a 9% increase from 2014/15.

20% increase in Twitter followers from previous year.

26,578 Facebook fans – 45% increase on 2014/15 program, 5.5% average engagement rate.

Industry Education Program Contributors staff education workshops These workshops aimed to educate Nuts for Life financial contributors and growers on the benefits of using social media - to share nut health key messages – as previously reported March 2016 Nutfruit. This project was submitted to the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council for co-funding and was successful. This social media roadshow, presented at five locations across Australia, was undertaken in conjunction with a workshop on food labelling so staff could attend one or both. We also recorded a webinar which is available to all Nuts for Life contributors if they were unable to attend in person. Overall 83 staff members attended the social media workshop and 33 attended the 2nd year food labelling workshop. Materials produced included information packs containing, slide handouts, appropriate tools e.g. social media tool kit or Food Standard Code documents. In additional for social media 10 infographics that represented all 10 tree nut varieties and their health benefits, were developed and distributed to workshop participants, Australian nut growers, the INC, and used on the Nuts for Life Facebook page and shared by Nuts for Life and health professionals as part of the #nuts30days30ways campaign. In the two months after the workshops there were 63 social posts using these resources generating a potential reach of 32,400. This campaign also laid the groundwork for contributor participation in the #nuts30days30ways campaign. We would like to thank the Nuts for Life Management Committee for their strategic direction and support during 2015/16 as well as thank all the voluntary financial contributors for their ongoing support both outlined below. Chair

Christopher Joyce

Australian Pioneer Pistachio Company Committee

Gerard Brunton

GB Commtrade Pty Ltd

Joseph Ebbage

Overall by the end of 2015/16 the Nuts for Life Klout Score was 57.89. Klout reports the average Klout Score is 40.

Almond Board of Australia

Chaseley Ross

Australian Nut Industry Council

Quin Scalzo

Scalzo Food Industries

Michael Waring MWT Foods

Lynne Ziehlke

Australian Macadamia Society

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Financial contributors: Almond Board of Australia Australian Macadamia Society Australian Pecan Growers Association Australian Pioneer Pistachio Company Australian Walnut Industry Association Carroll Partners Charlesworth Nuts Chestnuts Australia Inc COTFoods Commodity Imports Australia FTA Food Solutions Pty Ltd GB Commtrade Pty Ltd Hazelnut Growers of Australia Inc JC's Quality Foods Maxwell Foods

MWT Foods Nuts Producers Australia The Nut Shop The Nut Stand Co Olam Orchards Australia Prolife Foods Rath & Co Trading Royal Nut Company Scalzo Food Industries Select Harvests Stahmann Farms Sunbeam Foods Trumps Pty Ltd Trutaste Nuts Pty Ltd Walnut Australia

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Industry News

NUTS: EAT YOUR WAY TO HEALTH Nuts and dried fruit are highly beneficial as many clinical studies confirm, and more and more are the people who substitute red meat, eggs and saturated fats with a handful of in-shell nuts. With its yearly program, Nucis Italia helps doctors to spread the knowledge of how to eat properly.

utrition is correct and balanced when every day a series of suggestions and rules about quantity, quality and variety of foods eaten are respected. Our daily food intake has to be proportioned to our calorie consumption, and all nutrients which are good for our health must be present in what we eat. It is a well-known fact among doctors, nutritionists and dieticians who are on the line every day to give advice to their patients and promote a healthy lifestyle and healthy nutritional habits.

The number of doctors adhering to Nucis Italia’s project has progressively risen over the years and currently more than 1,500 are the professionals who decided to join the project. Health operators in fact, both much involved in those issues and extremely influential when divulging information, are the target at which Nucis project directs an important part of its efforts and activities.

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

We can assert that involving doctors, nutritionists and biologists was really the starting point of the “Nuts are Wellbeing” project, which already in 2008 had reached via mail about 500 doctors. With their contribution, a first network of professionals has been built, willing to pioneer the project by distributing info materials among their patients, but most of all by filling in forms about the main questions they are asked every day by their patients. By processing these answers and through dialogue with these first supporters of the project, the activity of Nucis Italia, towards health operators, has progressively grown. Currently Nucis’ website hosts a whole section dedicated to doctors, http://www.nucisitalia.it/studi-clinici/. It contains an updated list of the most important clinical studies that have been published in recent years investigating the characteristics of the different fruits and the existing relations between nuts consumption and the most common diseases; from cardiovascular ones to diabetes and obesity just to name a few. The number of doctors adhering to Nucis Italia’s project has progressively risen over the

years and currently more than 1,500 are the professionals who decided to join the project on their own accord and who are committed to circulate the informational materials among their patients, providing their waiting rooms with the flyers, brochures and posters that every year Nucis prints. This year’s informative campaign starts in November with the delivery of the new info kits containing a digital tool for those patients who surf the web and want to know more right away. Every kit delivered will contain a self-standing billboard to be placed on a table in the waiting rooms with a NFC Tag on it, which is a label, by placing one’s smartphone on it. It will immediately give access to the online information: a sort of virtual “bridge” between reality and Internet. It will not require the downloading of any APP, and the most interesting thing is that contents will be constantly updated: always different and always new information –following for example the season’s pathologies– available for all the patients even if the billboard on the table is always the same. This same experience will be available, as well as through the NFC Tag, through a QR Code placed on the billboard as well.

This year’s informative campaign starts in November with the delivery of the new info kits containing a digital tool for those patients who surf the web and want to know more right away. Another interesting new thing of this campaign is represented by the Newsletters for doctors which will be forwarded directly to their e-mails in order to keep them constantly informed about the most recent and interesting clinical studies on nutrition and nuts with a particular focus on sports: the main theme of this 2016-2017 informative campaign.

Industry News

NUCIS GERMANY, WINNER OF THE INC CALL FOR PROMOTION AND DISSEMINATION PROJECTS 2016

health. The audience thoroughly welcomed the knowledge and ideas spread at the session. There was information given on scientific basis and studies were presented to support contents. There were discussions on a high scientific level as well as basic questions. Visitors were given the chance to taste different varieties of nuts. It resulted in an excellent opportunity to present nuts’ different nutrition profiles. For example, there were questions about the differences of healthy fatty acids in macadamias and pistachios. Questions about its influence on the human body in combination with other components were also raised. In conclusion, it was stated that enjoying a wide range of nuts variety is highly recommended due to its nutrition profile. In addition, it was strongly remarked that nuts should be included in every day’s diet. Nucis Germany would like to thank the MRI, as the Congress was excellently planned and implemented by them. This contributed to Nucis’ success.

ucis Germany is one of the institutions awarded with the INC Call for Promotion and Dissemination Projects 2016. Grant funding was entirely centred on the organization of “Update Ernährungsmedizin” (Update in Nutritional Medicine), a Congress held in Munich (Germany) on October 21, 22 2016. Nucis Germany set up a wellequipped booth. It was located on the opposite side of the main lecture hall and attracted a great traffic of visitors. The Congress was an educational event for nutrition professionals and nutrition experts. Discussion was focused on the latest findings in the fields of trend diets, eating disorders, personalized diet based on the genotype, new concepts about malnutrition and updates for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nucis’ nutritionists provided information not only about nuts, but they also resolved several queries on different topics discussed at the Congress. Attention was focused on the favourable contribution and impact nuts can have in human

Dr. Hans Hauner, head of the Update Ernährungsmedizin 2016

November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

Advertisers in this Issue BELGIUM

TOMRA SORTING NV

CHINA

SINO JET INTERNATIONAL LTD.

FRANCE

EUROBROKER S.A.

SOMERCOM

EUROFINS ANALYTIK GMBH

PALM NUTS & MORE KG

CONNECT S.R.L.

NOBERASCO S.P.A.

V. BESANA S.P.A.

JAPAN

TANTO CORPORATION

MOLDOVA

MAESTRO NUT LTD.

PHILIPPINES

THE RISING PILI NUTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

SPAIN

BORGES S.A.U.

CRISOL DE FRUTOS SECOS, SAT

GERMANY

ITALY

97 4

FRUTOS SECOS RAMON LLOP

INCUS TECHNOLOGY S.L.

JOAN ESCODA S.A. MASETO, S.L.

63 Front Inside Cover

MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING COMPANY

SECOEX

SWITZERLAND

SWISS GOURMET AG

TURKEY

HAZELNUT PROMOTION GROUP

U.K.

U.S.A.

VISYS MAKINE

BÃ&#x153;HLER GROUP LTD.

KENKKO CORPORATION LIMITED

CABLEVEY CONVEYORS

100

CAMPOS BROTHERS FARMS

CHICO NUT COMPANY

CRAIN WALNUT SHELLING, INC.

FISHER NUT COMPANY

HUGHSON NUT, INC.

KEY TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL PECAN COMPANY

RF BIOCIDICS

SACRAMENTO PACKING, INC.

SATAKE USA, INC.

Back Inside Cover

SETTON INTERNATIONAL FOODS, INC. Back Outside Cover

100

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November 2016 | NUTFRUIT

05/07/2016 11:24:53

Edition 69. Nยบ 3

Edition 69. Nยบ 3 NOVEMBER 2016

INC CONSOLIDATES THE NUT AND DRIED FRUIT PAVILION AT

SIAL-PARIS 2016 Page 53

THE FUTURE OF

3D FOOD PRINTING

TECHNOLOGY Page 22

NOVEMBER 2016