Anemia and Chronic Kidney Disease

By Ankita Ghag

Clinical Dietician,M.Sc in CND, RD, CDE, ND, NLP

InBody India

Anemia is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. However, it is prevalent among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), with up to 50% of all CKD patients experiencing Anemia. It occurs when the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin, which is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood This can lead to fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and headaches.

In CKD patients, a combination of factors often caused Anemia One of the main reasons is that the kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the production of red blood cells In CKD, the kidneys cannot produce enough EPO, which can lead to a decrease in red blood cell production leading to Anemia.

Other factors contributing to Anemia in CKD patients include blood loss during hemodialysis, malnutrition, inflammation, and the use of certain medications(1)

Anemia in CKD patients is not just a nuisance, but can also have serious health consequences It has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, hospitalization, and mortality.

The good news is that Anemia in CKD patients can be treated One of the most effective treatments is erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs), synthetic versions of EPO that can be administered via injection ESAs can help stimulate red blood cell production and improve Anemia symptoms. (2) Besides ESAs, other treatments for Anemia in CKD patients include iron supplements, blood transfusions, and changes in diet and lifestyle (3)

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For example, CKD patients may need to increase their iron-rich foods; such as poultry, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and oilseeds etc, along with Vitamin C-rich foods, to help boost their red blood cell production Taking dietary guidance from a Qualified Clinical Dietician is mandated for same to understand proper portion control and understanding the need of nutrient requirements as per the disease status

It is also important for CKD patients to monitor their blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and cholesterol levels, as these can all affect their risk of anemia (4). Regular exercise and weight management can also help improve overall health and reduce the risk of anemia

For any CKD individuals experiencing symptoms of Anemia, it is important to speak to a doctor. They can perform a blood test to check red blood cell count and haemoglobin levels and recommend the best treatment options (5) In conclusion, Anemia is a prevalent disease that affects many patients who suffer from chronic Kidney Disease It can cause various symptoms and serious health issues. But with the right treatment, ESAs, iron supplements, and diet changes, they can successfully control Anemia when it occurs in CKD patients Regularly monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels, along with keeping a healthy weight and completing regular exercising, can lower the risk of developing Anemia among CKD patients. Last but not least always have proper follow-ups with qualified Clinical Nutritionist and Nephrologists timely to prevent the progression of aliment/ complications