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THE INDOOR ISSUE INDEPENDENT Cannabis JOURNALISM SINCE 2010
This product has intoxicating effects and may be habit forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults twenty-one and older. Keep out of the reach of children. Marijuana products may be purchased or possessed only by persons 21 years of age or older.
WASHINGTON CALIFORNIA HAWAII OREGON IOWA OHIO DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. KEEP OUT REACH OF CHILDREN.
Doing good for our neighbors and employees comes naturally to us. We listen to our customers to give best in class service and products to better their lives. We serve our neighbors by giving 2% back to charity, supporting union membership, living wages, community service servi and sustainable economic values. We know we can do more and every new day is an opportunity to do more good.
cannabis that gives back to oregon DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. KEEP OUT REACH OF CHILDREN.
feb. 2019 oregonlEAF.COM
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THE INDOOR ISSUE
11 Editor Note 12 Cannabis News 18 budtender 20 stoner owner 22 profile q&a 24 highly likely 26 hemp opinion 30 The kings of canna 32 rogue valley Cannabis 36 strain of the month 40 the indoor issue 42 yerba buena 44 luvli 46 geek farms 48 cloud cover 50 rhythm css 52 cleanliness 54 iPM Best practices 58 VALENTINE’S RECIPES 62 EDIBLE REVIEW 64 EXTRACT REVIEW 66 PRODUCT REVIEW 70 TANNINS & TERPENES
PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
Indigo #2 growing at Geek Farms in Otis, OR.
THE ORIGINAL V-FIRE
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CHATTING WITH ZOE SIGMAN SCIENCE EDITOR/BROCOLLI MAGAZINE AND PROGRAM DIRECTOR/PROJECT CBD.
FEB. 2019
STORY BY SIMONE FISCHER @SIMONEFISCHERR | PHOTO by CHRIS RYAN @CANNABIS.PHOTO
E S TA B L I S H E D 2 0 1 0
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Photo by Daniel Berman The folks at Cloud Cover Cannabis know what they’re doing. The entire facility is designed from the ground up for efficiency and maximum growing potential. When we saw Cultivation Assistant Zack Ballard hard at work on the ladder, all the elements and symmetry combined for our cover. Stepping into this room was like stepping onto a film set, every light perfectly placed for impact.
Editor’s Note Thanks for picking up the first Indoor Issue of Oregon Leaf!
Indoor Cannabis cultivation began in the dark ages of Cannabis prohibition as a tool to avoid detection, effectively hiding a plant inside garages, closets and warehouses from prying eyes. As far as plants go, Cannabis is a happy girl with the right indoor environment, and over the last 30 years the technology and techniques for growing inside have expanded and caught up to the 21st century. Today’s indoor gardens are as much a work of science as they are agriculture, creating controlled environments perfectly suited to the plants cultivated within. For years I’ve heard Cannabis activists argue that one day all weed would be grown outdoors, or at least in greenhouses. Admittedly, that argument is built on logic. If weed isn’t illegal, why grow it indoors at all? As the Leaf has expanded, we’ve dedicated an issue each year to the outdoor harvest and the efforts of full sun-grown farmers, while leaving indoor gardens as something we featured occasionally as unique gardens popped up. So when we sat down to plan the 2019 editorial calendar, the idea for an Indoor Issue was new. What makes it special? Is indoor Cannabis something we want to support? Our issues this month look through gardens in Washington, Oregon and Alaska, so check out the other Leaf’s online content for coverage outside of your state! Through exploring the modern realities of indoor growing, from Fairbanks, Alaska where temperatures can swing from negative 30 to 30 degrees fahrenheit in a single day, to the controlled environments of Oregon’s organic gardens, it is clear that indoor Cannabis is evolving and defining the craft Cannabis movement. I believe we will always have indoor Cannabis on a business scale, and while it won’t touch the miles of greenhouses sure to dominate the future of our beloved agricultural commodity, we will always see incredible craft Cannabis grown indoors. We explore how farms are adapting to the unique challenges of growing indoors, creating a high-end product in markets that are flooded with mid-grade flower, and how they are using the controlled environments and inputs to grow some of the best examples of strains in the world. As an art, a science, a craft and a passion, indoor Cannabis is something that can be done sustainably, and with truly spectacular results. Craft comes in all forms, big and small, and I encourage you to ask your favorite budtender for a craft indoor Cannabis recommendation, and to try the farms we feature this month! You won’t be disappointed.
WE EXPLORE HOW FARMS ARE ADAPTING TO THE UNIQUE CHALLENGES OF GROWING INDOORS, CREATING A HIGH-END PRODUCT.
feb. 2019
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ON THE COVER
ABNEY
national news
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medical
Well, they certainly haven’t been in any hurry, have they? Washington lawmakers are talking about legalizing home Cannabis cultivation more than six years after state voters approved I-502, the only recreational legalization law in the country that doesn’t include home grow. Companion bills were introduced in the Washington House and Senate that would allow adults 21 and older to grow up to six Cannabis plants for personal recreational use, reports Marijuana Moment. If multiple adults live at the same residence, up to 15 plants could be grown in the unit under the proposed law. The current system limits consumer access to Cannabis and forces people into the commercial market, unlike recreational legalization laws in other states. But regulators and police officials — and sadly, some in the industry, particularly pot shop owners — have opposed allowing personal cultivation, each for reasons of their own. With the Democratic majority in the Washington Legislature expanding after November’s midterm elections, there’s new hope that a home grow bill can actually pass this session.
Students in Washington state would be allowed to possess and use medical Cannabis at school under a proposal reintroduced in the Legislature by state Rep. Brian Blake, a Democrat from Aberdeen. Blake filed House Bill 1060 on January 14, reviving an effort to loosen Washington state’s Cannabis law to allow children who rely on medical marijuana to treat serious medical conditions. School districts in the state would be required to let qualifying students “consume marijuana for medical purposes on school grounds, aboard a school bus or while attending a schoolsponsored event,” according to the bill’s language. According to Rep. Blake, “This is not a marijuana issue,” reports The Aberdeen Daily News. “This is (about) children having access to education.” Blake said the bill was inspired by a constituent, John Barclay, whose daughter uses Cannabis oil to treat epileptic seizures. “It would be difficult for her to attend school otherwise.”
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Washington State Democrat files bill to allow Lawmakers Consider Washington state students Legalizing Home Cultivation to take medical marijuana on school grounds
FEB. 2019
BY STEVE ELLIOTT / TOKESIGNALS.COM
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MIDWEST`
ARKANSAS ISSUES FIRST SIX LICENSES TO SELL MEDICAL CANNABIS On January 18th, the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration said six of the 32 dispensaries approved for license by the state Medical Marijuana Commission have paid the $15,000 licensing fee and posted the required $100,000 performance bond required. The remaining companies are expected to pay the fee and post the bond over the following days, according to a DFA spokesperson. The dispensaries can immediately begin building or preparing their facilities, but must pass one final inspection before being allowed to open. One of the five cultivation facilities licensed by the state said it expects to have Cannabis available for the dispensaries in April.
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MARYLAND COMPANIES WANT TO BREW CANNABIS BEER
FEB. 2019
CULTURE
Two companies based in Frederick, Maryland are seeking clearance to market Cannabisinfused, non-alcoholic beer in the state for patients approved to use medical marijuana, reports The Baltimore Sun. The India Pale Ale, called Hop Chronic, would be a, well, joint venture of Flying Dog Brewery and Green Leaf Medical Cannabis. The beer would be infused with medical marijuana, giving patients another way to medicate. The two companies started the project last summer, according to Jim Caruso, CEO and coowner of Flying Dog. “The beer would be great for patients who don’t want to smoke or vape Cannabis, I would be one of those people,” Caruso said. “I don’t smoke. I’ve never smoked. But to enjoy a beer and experience the benefits if I were a user, that would be me.”
POLITICS
NORML RANKS U.S. GOVERNORS ON CANNABIS SUPPORT The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws has released its 2019 Gubernatorial Scorecard. The database assigns a letter from “A” to “F” to state governors based on their comments and voting records specific to Cannabis policy. Twenty-seven governors got a passing grade of “C” or higher from NORML. Of these, 22 were Democrats and five were Republicans. Nine governors received an “A” grade. Gavin Newsom of California Jared Polis of Colorado Ned Lamont of Connecticut JB. Pritzker of Illinois Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan Tim Walz of Minnesota Phil Murphy of New Jersey Kate Brown of Oregon Jay Inslee of Washington They are all democrats. This is a big increase from 2018, when just two governors got the highest available grade. Ten governors (nine Democrats and one Republican) received “B” grades. Fifteen governors (14 Republicans and 1 Democrat) got “D” grades, while four governors — all Republicans — got an “F.” Four governors received no grade because of insufficient data. BY STEVE ELLIOTT / TOKESIGNALS.COM
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CANNABIS COLLABORATIVE CONFERENCE2019
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Mary Lou Burton and company’s Cannabis Collaborative Conference is a whirlwind of connections. With over 70 vendors, more than 100 speakers, and 5 years of ganja-forward shows under their belt, this is one of Oregon’s largest and longest running Cannabis events catering to the legalized market. The good news is that Burton and her associates have been in the event game for decades and their expertise translates to allowing those with no game plan at all to get a taste of every piece of the action. The show was filled with speakers upstairs with multiple rooms of presentations occurring simultaneously. Large posters displayed agendas so attendees could pop in to any room if the speakers’ presentation had relevance to them. Below on the show floor downstairs, the dozens of exhibitors and frenzy of networking was on. Whether your expertise was ancillary, production, processing, retail or none of the above, everyone saw significant opportunity to expand their opportunities. If the two days of constant networking and lectures began to wear on you, the High 5 Tours bus was on-site ushering attendees and vendors to and from a nearby dispensary in a consumption friendly zone when it was time for a break. Talk about the opposite of a boring, average trade show.
“The show was filled with speakers upstairs with multiple rooms of presentations occurring simultaneously.”
FEB. 2019
STORY & PHOTOS BY NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415
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BUDTENDER OF T HE MONTH
ANTHONYO’BANNON First EXPERIENCE WITH Cannabis? My first experience with Cannabis was in high school. I was at a party, a friend pulled out a pipe and asked if I’d like to try it. I really didn’t feel any effect until about the fourth bowl, and while I don’t remember much about this experience. I definitely remember being in a great mood, and I ended up raiding the fridge for munchies.
How long have you been a budtender? What’s your favorite part of THE JOB? I have been a budtender for almost two years now. My favorite part about my job is that it allows me to serve the community by educating them on the benefits truth Cannabis of Cannabis and the 1735 Lancaster Dr NE many amazing medicinal Salem, Oregon applications that it has.
How do you feel about the current testing requirements by the OLCC? I feel that numbers from test results are not (503) 967-6010 always an accurate TruthDispensary.com What is your favorite way assumption of to use or consume Cannabis? how the strain will My absolute favorite is taking a dab perform or the effects that it of whole plant fresh frozen hash could have on you. Although, rosin. Because it’s solventless, the I do believe that higher CBD dabs taste extra fresh! Currently, my and terpene percentages are favorite brand and item is Peanut effective for determining some Butter Breath from Left Coast Farms. semblance of medicinal value.
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What are your favorite Cannabis strains? Favorite effects and terpene profiles? My favorite strain is the Oregon favorite, Dog Walker OG. My favorite terpene profiles lean toward Chem or OG lineage. My favorite flavors tend to have a gassy, funk overtones. I like herb that is a bit more on the sedative side. INTERVIEW by PACER STACKTRAIN
The Cannabis retail scene in our state capital continues
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“MY FAVORITE FLAVORS TEND TO HAVE A GASSY, FUNK OVERTONES. I LIKE HERB THAT IS A BIT MORE ON THE SEDATIVE SIDE.”
to evolve with more storefronts vying for the customer’s attention. Our choice of budtender and shop this month is one of the definite standouts in this competitive field. Truth’s speciality is their attention to detail, an excellent and unique selection of products. It’s not just the sort of curation that goes into this top-tier shop – it’s also the team they employ – case in point, this month’s budtender.
How do you find the right item for someone? I begin by listening to the customer. This helps me to understand what sort of effects they’re seeking out. For example, if they are looking to uplift to their day, I would recommend a sativa like Sour Tangie. If they were looking for more of a relaxing effect or pain relief, I would recommend an indicadominant strain such as Scooby Snacks, which in my experience gives one a nice body high and puts you in a relaxed state.
What makes your shop’s approach to customer service different? What sets Truth apart from other dispensaries is our customer service and hospitality. We strive to give the customer the best experience possible. We take our time to understand their needs, so we can provide them with the right products and strains. What are some of your hobbies and interests outside of the Cannabis industry? Aside from being a Cannabis connoisseur, I am a family man which is my real daily motivation. I’m a big fan of craft beer and enjoy tasting the many flavor profiles of sour beer and hazy IPA’s. One of my favorites is Great Notion Brewery in Portland.
KNOW A GREAT BUDTENDER? NOMINATE THEM FOR BUDTENDER OF THE MONTH: THEPACKERSTACKTRAIN@GMAIL.COM
FEB. 2019
PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
stoner owner
Stoner Owner is Oregon Leaf’s monthly highlight on individuals who’ve developed their love for Cannabis into a thriving business. We’re profiling those who love and actually consume the plant, giving them real insight into the industry’s roots and culture. H I F I FAR M S . CO M
How does Cannabis benefit you personally and what has connected you to Cannabis? It benefits me beyond measure. I’m a recovering alcoholic and have been sober for about a year-and-a-half. I also suffer from anxiety as well, so I use CBD to regulate that on a daily basis. I’ve always been amazed at how Cannabis came to popular music from jazz to the world-changing 1960s albums— from Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, Bob Dylan’s Highway 61 Revisited, and The Velvet Underground & Nico, on to the more hip hop influenced world we live in today with seminal records like The Beastie Boys’ Pauls’ Boutique and Dr. Dre’s The Chronic— those albums were all heavily inspired by Cannabis use. You still see the impact of those records all over the culture today. It really can’t be said enough that Cannabis has been a HUGE unseen presence in our world. I have a passion for music, so I try to connect it to my work in every way possible.
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Once dubbed the “coolest Cannabis farm in Oregon” by Esquire magazine,
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@ HIFIFARMS
HiFi Farms is a well-known and respected brand in the Oregon Cannabis industry. They’re a Clean Green-certified company with a commitment to producing worldclass, healthy flowers and oil. That’s due to HiFi’s excellent team of founders, each of whom lends their passion to the products they produce. Lee Henderson is one of those founders and serves as the company’s community officer, and for good reason – as he’s one of the most affable and approachable people in the business.
LEE HENDERSON HiFi Farms | Portland
FEB. 2019
INTERVIEW BY @NATEW415 |\PHOTO by @BERMANPHOTOS
how did Hifi farms begin? When we started in 2014, Oregon had yet to mature in any meaningful way, and we knew that people’s eyes were going to need to adjust somewhat to the idea of a “Cannabis brand.” We believed that making strong associations with iconic musicians and music culture could work as far as establishing an identity for ourselves. I mean, it was authentic. We truly are ride-or-die music people. We really wanted to build a world for ourselves out of music and weed. We also saw an opportunity in the marketplace to grab people’s attention by offering them something different than whatever natural assumptions they might have of who Cannabis entrepreneurs were at that time. Obviously, you see music as being intricately connected to Cannabis. How is that approach born out in both your business and the way you produce your products? I love this question. I mean, we’ve always taken the position that Cannabis and music are just so linked, in many ways. There are many different perspectives you could take on this subject. Our packaged products include shatter, pre-rolls, and coming soon – vape pens. The custom artwork on the packaging is all deliberately music-oriented. I love the designs so much, I think they really stand out amidst a very crowded marketplace. How do you see music fans connecting with Cannabis? That the act of listening to and appreciating music can just be so greatly enhanced by Cannabis use. I don’t know anybody who consumes a lot of Cannabis and also isn’t a huge music person, in one way or the other. They just go hand in hand. It just really made sense to us early on from a business perspective as well, frankly. So, we started creating curated playlists on Spotify and sharing them out on social media. We host house concerts, where people can legally consume Cannabis. We’ve also partnered with friends of ours like Portugal. The Man and radio station XRAY FM.
PROFILE
ZOE SIGMAN CannabisResearch&Education
W E H A D T H E P L E A S U R E O F I N T E R V I E W I N G ZOE SIGMAN, SCIENCE EDITOR OF BROCCOLI MAGAZINE, AND PROGRAM DIRECTOR AT PROJECT CBD. LIKE SO MANY OF US, SIGMAN GOT HER START IN THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY AS A BUDTENDER. SHE EVENTUALLY WORKED HER WAY TO BECOMING THE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION AT FARMA, THE PORTLAND CANNABIS SHOP. WITH THE DISPENSARY LIFE BEHIND HER, SIGMAN IS PURSUING CANNABIS RESEARCH FULL-TIME. IN BETWEEN CO-BUILDING PROJECT CBD AND PENNING THE LATEST ARTICLES ON CANNABIS, SHE DISCUSSES HER CURRENT RESEARCH INVOLVING CBN AND ALL THE HEADACHES THAT COME WITH TRYING TO RESEARCH CANNABINOIDS IN A TUMULTUOUS POLITICAL CLIMATE.
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22 What are you currently working on in terms of cannabinoid research? I just started my job with Project CBD, which has been an amazing, crazy ride. The transition has left me longing for more time to pursue my curiosity. A lot of infrastructure-building is necessary as we grow as a nonprofit, and it’s requiring a whole new realm of research from me. Who knew there was so much to corunning a nonprofit? One recent project is our own research effort - a survey to collect patient use data. The regulatory hurdles impeding research on cannabinoids in this country are significant and have stifled reliable information about cannabinoids and their therapeutic potential. We decided to go straight to the source - the people already using Cannabis therapeutically. Our survey gathers all sorts of information about how and why people are using CBD. Over a thousand people have already responded, and it’s really cool to see many of the anecdotes about CBD use corroborated in the data. I can’t wait to get to share our insights with everyone. Another project we’re hoping to launch this year is an online research library. We’re just in the initial stages now, and I’m excited to see the idea through to fruition. People often ask how I find information about Cannabis, and the truth is it’s mostly digging through PubMed to find relevant articles. Which is hardly accessible for people without a research fetish.
FEB. 2019
Everyone with Project CBD has gathered a ton of research material over the years and we want to make that into some sort of public resource. I’m currently working on a piece on cannabinol (CBN). There’s been a significant increase in interest about CBN, and it made me prick up my ears. People all over the internet were claiming that it would help with sleeplessness, so I started to dig. Turns out there’s almost nothing on CBN and sleeplessness. It was one of the very first cannabinoids to be identified and isolated. What are the current challenges and limitations of researching CBD? The FDA? Funding? There are so many! There are funding issues. There are supply chain issues. And there are issues with regulations and legality. Also, it totally depends on what you mean. There are many kinds of research in the scientific world. Some are easier to work in than others. The area that struggles the most in the US is clinical trials - that is, trials with actual human participants and significant controls. The government makes it really difficult to test drugs on humans, and even more so for Cannabis. In order to get federal approval to study Cannabis or cannabinoids in the United States, researchers need to acquire approval from a baffling number of organizations both federally and locally. At any point, any one of these organizations can deny an applicant, or just not respond. If they are approved, they need to take a truly astounding number of steps to ensure that the material is totally accounted for.
To top it all off, researchers attempting to run trials using Cannabis are only allowed to use Cannabis grown at one location – the University of Mississippi. Dr. Sue Sisley, one of the very few researchers conducting clinical trials with federal funding, tested that Cannabis and found all sorts of contaminants like heavy metals and mold. Unsurprisingly, it was also very low in THC. Kind of uninspiring after all of the effort it took to acquire. Donors are reluctant to fund projects that involve illegal substances, like Cannabis. They’re also hesitant to fund research that won’t result in something proprietary. Pharmaceutical companies create drugs that they hold the rights to for a significant amount of time before generic versions are allowed. This makes it worth it to spend a huge amount of money on research. Clinical trials can cost tens or hundreds of millions of dollars to run, and the people who invest usually want a return on their investment. When the drug finally makes it to market pharma companies will often charge exorbitant prices for their drugs to justify the astronomical price of research and development. Cannabis throws a wrench in that system. It’s widely available in the United States, and relatively inexpensive to acquire. So how do you make money on it? There are plenty of people trying. What about the public sector? It can be even more difficult. While it’s relatively easy to get public funds to study drug abuse and substance use disorders,
Q & A by SIMONE FISCHER @SIMONEFISCHERR | PHOTO by CHRIS RYAN @CANNABIS.PHOTO
it’s much more difficult to fund medicinal studies. There’s a whole branch of government dedicated to preventing drug abuse, and it’s the same one that makes studying Cannabis so difficult – The National Institute on Drug Abuse. In general, it’s really difficult to fund medical research. A huge chunk of the funding from the National Institute of Health (NIH), which you might assume goes towards understanding the health impacts of Cannabis, actually goes to substance use disorder studies.
Learn more at ProjectCBD.org
feb. 2019
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How will new research/knowledge around CBD (and other cannabinoids) evolve the Cannabis market? That is the question on everyone’s lips. CBD has definitely reached fad status, and no one is sure how it will all play out. The medical market will definitely benefit from more research. But at what cost, if any, to the recreational market? People want confirmation that CBD and cannabinoids are actually doing them good, and more research will do that. It will also show the limits of what any specific cannabinoid can do and create more reasonable expectations of what cannabinoids are useful for. Medical acceptance will lead to mainstream acceptance, no question. But it’s quite unusual for a substance to take this path to medical acceptance. It wasn’t the medical community making all of the most interesting discoveries about CBD, it was the public. For thousands of years, Cannabis has been used medicinally. For decades, prohibition blinded
“AS WE GAIN MORE INSIGHT INTO INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES AND INCREASINGLY COMPLEX CONSTELLATIONS OF THOSE MOLECULES, WE’LL SEE THE EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTS IN THE MARKETPLACE. REALLY, WE ALREADY ARE.”
How can current OMMP patients potentially contribute to or benefit from this work? There are a couple of clinical trials being run at OHSU that are recruiting participants. You don’t need to be an OMMP patient, or even a regular Cannabis user to get involved. Every tiny insight that researchers gain will benefit everyone. Get involved with policy work! The reason research is so hard to fund is largely because the plant is still illegal. The more quickly it’s legalized, the more quickly we can see the benefits of unfettered research. NORML is still doing incredible work on legalization, as is the OCA and CCA. My pet project is based on a report that was released in Oregon in 2015: SB 844. A state task force was appointed to create a report on the then-current state of Cannabis research and recommend actions for the state of Oregon, and they recommended the establishment of the Oregon Institute for Cannabis Research. This institute would establish a place for Cannabis researchers to conduct their work and provide insight into the medical uses of Cannabis and cannabinoids. Nothing has been done by the state, or, as far as I can tell, any institutions to follow through on that recommendation. I’d love to see an effort come together to establish this institute and make Oregon the destination for Cannabis research in the US.
PROFILE
Western science to Cannabis’ benefits. It was overwhelming public pressure that began to pry its eyes open. I think we’ll continue to see innovative medicinal uses come from the public, even as scientists rush to catch up. People are starting to get excited about cannabinoids beyond just CBD and THC. There are well over a hundred cannabinoids found in the plant, and very little is known about the vast majority of them. I want to see these minor cannabinoids explored more fully, and to understand their complex relationships with each other. This plant and its effects are beautifully complicated and nuanced, and we have decades of work to fully understand them. The question of isolated molecules versus full-spectrum effects has already begun to affect scientific literature. In most cases, the scientific community studies the effect of one molecule on a specific disease pathway. Cannabis is challenging this pattern. The hundreds of active compounds in the plant seem to be more effective working in concert than in isolation. This makes studying it really difficult by traditional Western standards. As we gain more insight into individual molecules and increasingly complex constellations of those molecules, we’ll see the evolution of products in the marketplace. Really, we already are. The process will just continue to become more refined.
highly likely #42
EARLBLUMENAUER Representing Oregon’s 3rd Congressional District, Blumenauer, 70, is a powerful and unlikely voice in support of Cannabis. Will his new seat on the House Ways and Means Committee overseeing trade be the key to nationwide legalization?
A
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ccording to a Pew Research Center Poll, more than 62 percent of Americans favor Cannabis. This is what makes 12term US representative Earl Blumenauer so impressive to those of us who value honesty and actual representation in Congress. Representative Blumenauer has been at the forefront of progressive politics for decades. He’s been a staunch conservation activist, utilizing his power as a legislator to push for stronger environmental regulations, and famously developed the “Congressional bike caucus” which became the national voice for cyclists across the nation. Beyond all of this, Blumenauer is perhaps the most vital advocate for Cannabis that we have in our nation’s capital. He’s a member and founder of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus and has pages on his official website devoted to Cannabis-related issues and questions. He’s been one of the very few representatives willing to stick his neck out for the legalization of the plant in Oregon, but also as someone who advocates for the businesses who have made our community the envy of the Cannabis world. To that end, he’s advised countless businesses and researchers – and through it all, he’s been one of the primary people who has shaped what legalization looks like in the state of Oregon. At the same time, he’s given his ear to Cannabis-related businesses who have so often been marginalized, ignored, even outright shunned by the politicians that are supposed to represent them in Washington. And he talks to us too. Blumenauer has appeared on Merry Jane. He has been a speaker at countless Cannabis conferences. And most recently, was a keynote speaker at the Cultivation Classic in Portland. At this event, he delivered one of his most inspiring speeches on the legalization of Cannabis nationwide. In it, he laid out a scenario where Cannabis would be legal nationwide in two to four years. All it would take, he said, was a democrat-controlled Congress. Don’t look now, but as of last month – we’re there! And so, it’s fitting that last month Blumenauer introduced his most ambitious bill regarding Cannabis yet, a lofty proposal that would mark a real sea-change in drug policy nationwide.
LAST MONTH BLUMENAUER INTRODUCED HIS MOST AMBITIOUS BILL REGARDING CANNABIS YET, A LOFTY PROPOSAL THAT WOULD MARK A REAL SEA-CHANGE IN DRUG POLICY NATIONWIDE. Highlighting Cannabis pioneers who paved the way to greater herbal acceptance.
FEB. 2019
Put simply, the bill would put the regulation of Cannabis under the Bureau of Alchohol, Tobacco and Firearms rather than the DEA. It would also, more importantly, allow canna-business owners access to the federal banking system. Finally, it would finally upend the current embargo on canna-research at the federal level in the US. This bill is titled (wait for it) – House Resolution 420 and dubbed the “Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act.” I can only hope that by the time you’re reading this it’s gained some real traction in Congress. The tide is turning. We the people want Cannabis legalized, and we want it done nationwide. For that, we offer a hearty “thank you” to Rep. Blumenauer for all his hard work!
By PACER STACKTRAIN / OREGON LEAF
LUMINOUS BOTANICALS
FOLLOW US
UNIVERSAL
A potent, whole-plant cannabis tincture that tastes great.
LEARN MORE
For edible, topical, or sensual use.
Available in three sizes, including trial-sized vials.
@luminousbotanicals www.luminousbotanicals.com
CANNABIS TONIC
Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. For use only by adults 21 years of age and older. Keep out of the reach of children.
OPINION nwLEAF.COM
26
BY JERRY WHITING LeBlancCNE.com/podcast
HEMP’S BIG, CORPORATE PROBLEM.
I’ m a big fan of hemp. I eat and drink it every day. Their vision of hemp’s future is written by accountants, marketers I make tinctures, topicals and other hemp products. I love the stuff. and shareholders, and I fear corporate interests aren’t necessarily what But there are things about hemp that keep me up at night. consumers want or need. In fact, I’m pretty sure the future looks like fast Not the plant itself, but the hemp industry. food, factory beer and the rest of what corporate America churns out. There’s no doubt that hemp is big business. The signing of the Farm Much of the soybeans and corn that are grown in the U.S comes from Bill removed hemp from the Control Substances Act opening the door Iowa, Minnesota, Indiana, Illinois and Nebraska. What happens when to interstate commerce. Vote Hemp reports that 41 states have enacted chunks of that farmland are converted to hemp? Acres and acres of hemp. hemp bills and that the 2018 hemp harvest saw 78,176 acres of hemp Now imagine a portion of that hemp is grown from non-feminized seeds grown in 23 states. I should be happy, right? that produce male plants. Those males will produce pollen that will blow Yes, hemp farmers are multiplying and many of them are making unfettered far and wide. Not only will neighboring Cannabis farmers be money. For years activists have championed hemp as a crop that can upset, other hemp farmers will be up in arms too. help small family farms. The 2018 hemp harvest saw prices of $50 to Before long, Cannabis farmers and hemp farmers will battle it out $100 a pound and more. Farmers earned up to $40,000 an acre with a like the cattle and sheep ranchers of old. Your county extension agent premium for farmers who grew organically. But today, demand for hemp as mediator or referee? Nothing has prepared them for this new crop. It far outstrips supply and most of the market is doesn’t help that Cannabis and hemp are usually narrowly focused on CBD extraction. administered by different state agencies. THEIR VISION OF HEMP’S My fear is that as the hemp industry gets Inevitably, when the conversation turns to bigger, the hemp farms will get bigger too. hemp (or Cannabis) grown on a large scale, FUTURE IS WRITTEN BY And as the hemp market gets larger, it will Monsanto, now a part of Bayer, comes up. ACCOUNTANTS, MARKETERS favor larger players with smaller farms getting Consider this: Bayer makes RoundUp AND SHAREHOLDERS, marginalized.Why does this concern me? Small (glyphosate), a weedkiller shown to cause cancer AND I FEAR CORPORATE farms can make money growing 2, 5 or 10 and other serious diseases. Bayer also sells acres in 2019 and maybe 2020. But in the not genetically modified seeds. Why? Because they INTERESTS AREN’T too distant future Big Ag will jump in and grow were bred to withstand glyphosate. Don’t worry, NECESSARILY WHAT hemp like they do soybeans, wheat, cotton and Bayer is the pharmaceutical company ready CONSUMERS WANT OR NEED. other crops. They’ll grow lots and lots of it on to sell you medicine to cure what GMO crops huge farms in multiple states. sprayed with RoundUp causes. An evil closed Big Ag will dictate how the market grows loop if you ask me. and takes shape by virtue of their sheer size and market share. No large So vote with your wallet. Educate yourself and shop deliberately. corporation is interested in a large variety of cultivars grown sustainably. Support those that embody your personal values and lifestyle. Big Ag doesn’t employ passionate individuals with an intimate and often Boycott the bad actors while supporting companies that build the kind lifelong association with Cannabis and/or hemp. They’re interested in of culture and environment you want your grandchildren to live in. Share things that grow consistently year after year across multiple locations, and what you learn and know with others. Don’t let the corporations take that yield the highest profit. hemp away from us. We just got it back after all these years.
FEB. 2019
PHOTO BY DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
shop revieew
REVIEW by WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES
THE KINGS OF CANNA STRAINS 4/5
The Kings of Canna has a gorgeous flower display that highlights the different strains and farms well. Blueberry Headband, Critical Mass and Sweet and Sour were just a few of the cultivars available from producers like Meraki Gardens, Green Dragon Gardens and East Fork Cultivars. Prices range from $3-14/g pre-tax as The Kings of Canna aims to provide a variety of budget-friendly flower.
EDIBLES
30
4/5
The Kings of Canna also has an extensive edible menu with many different options. Lunchbox Alchemy’s Tangos, Mr. Moxey’s Mints and OCO’s THC and CBD capsules were just a few of the companies and products featured here. It would be nice to see more savory options available. Not everyone is able to ingest sugarfilled cookies, chocolates or syrups.
CONCENTRATES 5/5
The extract displays are neatly organized and clearly displayed for customer convenience. A wide variety of extracts were available here when we stopped in. Cultivated Extracts, Dirty Arm Farm and Bobsled Extracts had a nice selection of live resins, shatters and sauces available. Chronic Creations and Happy Cabbage Farms also had some nice solventless options here as well.
ENVIRONMENT
oregonlEAF.COM
5/5
What a world we live in. The Kings of Canna has an incredibly luxurious interior. Old world decor hangs from the wall. Fancy, prolific chandeliers dangle above your head, all while you’re shopping for Cannabis. The budtenders are friendly, patient and informative, adding to the overall experience.
QUICK HIT 18/20 The Kings of Canna have done a great job of establishing themselves in an already well-established neighborhood. I recommend stopping in if you find yourself in the NE Prescott area.
FEB. 2019
1465 NE PRESCOTT ST C, PORTLAND | THEKINGSOFCANNA.COM (971) 319-6945 | 10AM-8PM SUN-WED; 10AM-10PM THURS.-SAT.
“ O L D WO R L D D ECO R HANG S F RO M T H E WA L L . FAN CY , P RO L I F IC C HAN D E L I E R S DA N G L E AB OV E YOU R H E AD , AL L WH I L E YOU ’ R E S H O P P I NG F O R CA N NA B I S . ”
CRITICAL MASS Green Dragon Gardens
Green Dragon Gardens is well-known for their CBD-rich Critical Mass. The buds are rather large and dense, with amber trichome heads covering every inch. Breaking down the buds reveals a cherry, earthy AROMA 3/5 funk that was reminiscent DENSITY 4/5 of Ringo’s Gift. I rolled CURE 4/5 the nugs into a few joints LOOKS 3/5 and enjoyed the relaxing, FLAVOR 3/5 mildly psychoactive effects. EFFECT 4/5 TOTAL 21/30 The joint was a bit harsh but smoked evenly until the end. This strain is ideal for consumers looking to stay focused and functional while also managing pain, depression, and anxiety. (8.50% THC, 12.91% CBD)
CAREFREECARAMELS Nelson & Company Organics
The crew at Nelson & Company Organics are back on the market with their popular Carefree Caramels. Each individually wrapped caramel contains 10 notches so consumers can measure and TASTE 4/5 EFFECT 5/5 cut the caramel into 5mg PKGNG 4/5 doses. Medicated with ice VALUE 4/5 water hash washed by PUA TOTAL 17/20 Extractions, these edibles are free of any residual solvents. I ingested half the caramel to start and thought the flavor and texture was spot on. It was a tad bit sugary but had a deliciously rich flavor that I have not experienced with the other medicated caramels I’ve tried. The effects are euphoric, uplifting and energizing, making this a great strain for those needing an energy boost to get through their day. ( 50mg THC)
LOCATION PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS | REVIEW PHOTOS by CHRIS RYAN @CANNABIS.PHOTO
feb. 2019
shop revieew
32
oregonlEAF.COM
T H E S H O P I S C L EAN AN D A P P ROAC HAB L E , B U T AT T H E SA M E T I M E H AS S O M E S T Y L I S H TOUC H E S WI T H HA N D D O N E A RT WO R K AN D S O M E R E AL LY N I C E I N - H OUSE SWAG .
ROGUE VALLEY CANNABIS 2060 W MAIN ST, MEDFORD, OR | RVCOREGON.COM | @RVC.OREGON | (541) 200-0580 | 9AM-8PM DAILY
FEB. 2019
STRAINS 4/5
The flower selection at Rogue Valley Cannabis is well above average for the area. This newer dispensary opened in March of 2018 and has steadily built a solid menu for local customers. They set themselves apart by stocking high quality yet affordable product and still maintaining variety. They always stock at least five of each type of flower; broadleaf, narrow leaf and hybrid, or rudimentarily known as indica, sativa and hybrid. I saw flowers from producers like Southern Oregon locals Oso Verde and Willamette Valley’s Rebel Spirit with price points ranging from $3/g up to $12/g.
EDIBLES
3/5
The edibles selection here was solid with only one minor exception: a high strength or high potency option. While no matter what, limits are 50mg or 100mg, Oregon is fortunate enough to have a few companies specifically renowned for their potent edibles, all of which have graced the pages of Oregon Leaf before. That said, there were a bunch of tasty options ranging from staff favorites like Loud Lollies to Lunchbox Alchemy’s Tangos and with prices starting at just $2.50 for an edible, it’s hard to complain.
CONCENTRATES 5/5
The crew at Rogue Valley Cannabis has done a top-notch job procuring quality concentrates for this central Medford location. With ultra high-grade dabs from Echo Electuary and Dirty Arm Farm, tons of cartridge options ranging from $24 .5 gram Quickies from Dropscience to top of the line Orchid Essentials 1g cart and hardware at $90 and shatter starting at just $15/g, this shop truly has something for every extract enthusiast. They also carry several options of RSO and whole plant extract for those truly looking for the most medicinal concentrate available.
TASTE 4/5 EFFECT 5/5 PKGNG 5/5 VALUE 4/5 TOTAL 18/20
MANDARINAKUSH
ZOMBEE THC-ACRYSTALS Grown by Benson Elvis Processed by Echo Electuary
Mandarina Kush THC-A is an extremely potent isolate crafted by the crew at Echo Electuary. Benson Elvis, a Southern Oregon based farm, supplied the expertly grown flower which is a mixture of fresh frozen and slow cured Mandarina Kush phenotypes. The bucket is filled with tiny, diamond-like shards that have a slight orange tint. Subtle notes of candied orange and lime invigorate the senses as soon as the lid is removed, even though this extract has minimal terpenes. Dabbing this THC-A alone causes an intensely cerebral high. If that isn’t your jam, I suggest pairing this with a terpene-rich extract to mellow out the effects. 94.8%THCA, 3.6% D9-THC, 0.9% CBGA 1.6% Terpenes / Results by SC Labs
ENVIRONMENT
SOUR LIME GUMMIES
5/5
Rogue Valley Cannabis has done an excellent job staffing their stores with friendly and knowledgable budtenders and this newer location is no exception. There’s open and friendly communication between the budtenders and manager on-site and they greeted each customer with the same respect and genuine excitement to help them find the right product for them. My favorite touch was the display cases clearly emblazoned with their respective contents, a surprisingly consistently overlooked detail in most Cannabis retail environments.
QUICK HIT What’s better than a weed shop with helpful and intimately knowledgable budtenders, a solid selection of quality products and consistently competitive prices? In this constantly fluctuating industry? Not much. The shop is clean and approachable, but at the same time has some stylish touches with hand done artwork and some really nice in-house swag. From the moment you walk into the moment you leave, it’s abundantly apparent you’re shopping at one of Oregon’s finer retailers. Not to be missed if you’re feeling cannabinoid-deficient and find yourself in Medford.
17/20
Stone Age Edibles This is the first I’ve heard of Stone Age Edibles, but when I heard they made sour lime gummies, I was eager to try them out. Each candy contains about 8mg THC, with the serving size being a half piece TASTE 4/5 EFFECT 5/5 (4mg.) Tart lime flavors PKGNG 5/5 are present in each bite, followed by the sweetness VALUE 4/5 TOTAL 18/20 from the coating of sugar. The texture is chewy, soft and not overly rubbery like other gummy products. I ate 3 whole pieces and enjoyed the mellow, euphoric effects. I would recommend this product to consumers looking for a functional, long-lasting high, without the combustion or vaporization. 8.12mg THC/piece, 48mg THC per package
SHOP REVIEW + PHOTOS BY NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415 | PRODUCT REVIEWS BY @710DENCIES
feb. 2019
Socially Conscious Cannabis Cultivation
What does it mean to be green? To Cascade High, it means cultivating a quality product with the basic tools that nature has provided: water soil, sun & air.
how we grow matters. cascadehigh.com Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. For use only by adults twenty-one years of age and older. Keep out of the reach of children.
TONGUE TWISTER bred and grown by
FIDUS FAMILY FARMS
T
ONGUE TWISTER is a cross of a male Platinum Huckleberry Cookies with a female Tangieland bred in house by Fidus Family Farms. The buds are rather dense in structure and have a slight blueish hue to them. After breaking into a bud, flavors of berries and gas jumped out at me. I noticed the sweet citrusy notes of the Tangie and Huckleberry first, followed by an earthy, fuel forward gas from the Candyland lineage. I ground up a few buds for some joints and was super impressed with complex flavor and effects. A truly unique tasting strain, with notes of citrus, blackberries and cardamom were tasted on the inhale as the flavor became more fuel and gas forward when exhaled. Each joint burned slowly and evenly, producing pure white ash with each toke. The effects are relatively mellow and well balanced. For me, this strain was an even balance of uplifting and cerebral effects, coupled with a more relaxing, grounded feeling. Perfect for medicating with any time of the day. I look forward to trying more Fidus Family Farms genetics in the future.
Platinum Huckleberry Cookies (Dynasty Genetics) crossed with Tangieland (Crockett Family Farms)
REVIEW by WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES | PHOTO BY DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
STRAIN OF THE MONTH
NOTES OF CITRUS, BLACKBERRIES AND CARDAMOM WERE TASTED ON THE INHALE feb. 2019
special issue oregonlEAF.COM
40
42 yerba buena 44 luvli 46 geek farms 48 cloud cover 50 rhythm css 52 cleanliness 54 iPM practices FEB. 2019
YERBA BUENA COMPLIANCE SPECIALIST BROOKE MATIS AT THE COMPANY’S HILLSBORO, OREGON FACILITY
THE INDOOR ISSUE
STORIES BY OREGON LEAF STAFF & CONTRIBUTORS | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
the indoor issue
42
PURPLE PUNCH GROWING UNDER THE LIGHTS
oregonlEAF.COM
D
YERBA BUENA
eep in rural Washington County lies the delightfully unassuming Yerba Buena Farms. Nestled in Hillsboro’s farm country and surrounded by gently rolling hills, even driving right by this property you would have no idea that it is home to one the most widely recognized Cannabis brands in the state. Having toured dozens of indoor operations, it is becoming increasingly rare that we encounter something that really sticks out. However, Yerba Buena met and exceeded our expectations in more than one area. For me, the most impressive aspect of Yerba Buena was, without a doubt, the efficiency of the operation. In stark contrast to some of the looming, mega-warehouses that many indoor cultivators have chosen to set up their LOCATION grows in, Yerba Buena is HILL SB O R O, O R compact and relatively small TIER 2 MIXED by comparison. R E N E W IN G A S Compact nature aside, IN D O O R T IE R 2 every single inch of the grow
FEB. 2019
has been planned, implemented, tweaked, and that they do, not to mention stretches to every corre-tweaked with the goal of developing an efficienner of the state and has done so for years, this is cy-focused operation that consistently produces an impressively low number. Yerba Buena is a lean top shelf flowers. and mean operation built to weather Oregon’s Despite having five total flower rooms protumultuous and brutally competitive market. ducing an average of 110 pounds per run per In this rapidly developing market, maintaining room, there are only a total of eight quality employees is a challenge YERBA BUENA IS A members on Yerba Buena’s grow for any business. One of the ways LEAN AND MEAN staff. This is made possible in part this is accomplished is through OPERATION BUILT with rolling tables and automated regular employee wellness days TO WEATHER irrigation, but mainly the constant and staff outings. OREGON’S care and close attention to detail the “If you have happy employees TUMULTUOUS staff gives each plant. that are putting their love and AND BRUTALLY Yerba Buena outsources profesenjoyment into the plant, I feel COMPETITIVE sionals for a fine hand trim, but their MARKET. like that translates through to packagers and joint rollers work for the consumer,” said Director of them exclusively. All extraction is done through Operations Laura Day. “People truly love coming Willamette Valley Alchemy for hydrocarbon, and to work every day and their attitudes show it.” very recently The Grasse Co. for solventless. Add Yerba Buena’s efficiency developed over time in a few management team members, some sales and out of necessity, and now they are producing staff, and Yerba Buena’s total staff count is 21. consistently beautiful, clean, effective, and deliFor a brand that produces the level of quality cious product for the Oregon Cannabis market.
YERBA BUENA FUEGO PREROLLS BLUE DRAGON DESERT FROST
43 JAKE CLUBINE, PROPAGATION MANAGER AND CULTIVATION SPECIALIST
MAYRA ZARATE WORKS ON SOIL MIXING
COMPLIANCE SPECIALIST BROOKE MATIS G EAR
CLEANLINESS IS KEY
S M A R T L I N E I R R I G AT I O N C O N T R O L , SENTINEL CO2 SYSTEM, I N T E R M AT I C A N D A P O L L O T I M E R S, T E M P - A I R A N D QU E S T D E H U M I D I F I E R S, H A N D - B U I LT R O L L I N G TA B L E S W / D R A I N S, 3 GALLON AND 5 GALLON SMART POTS
INTERVIEW BY NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415 | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
oregonlEAF.COM
FLOWERING 5 6 X P H A N T O M D E P E R R O O M (5 FLOWER ROOMS) 2 X R +D R O O M S RUN N IN G OSR AM + BIOS LIG HTIN G V E G E TAT I V E LED ADAPTED T5s
the indoor issue
LUVLI
44
LUVLI CO-OWNERS ROB COLEMAN TIM ZIMMERMAN SAM LASITER
oregonlEAF.COM
N
obody is quite like Tim Zimmerman and his OLCC licensed cultivation company Luvli couldn’t reflect that more. Boisterous and constantly cracking jokes, Zimmerman’s demeanor is a welcome respite from your average, stressed-out Cannabis business owner. Proudly touting Luvli as “anti-corporate Cannabis,” Zimmerman and the other owners, Rob Coleman and Sam Lasiter, have been growing ganja since long before the days of public acceptance, programs, licenses, cameras, manifests and tracking systems. Many of their employees have been working together for well over 15 years, a remarkable feat given the tumultuous, demanding and unstable nature of the industry. LOCATION We see many companies P O R T L AN D, O R touting how true to their SIZE: TIER 1 roots they are, quite often UP T O 5 ,0 0 0 SQ. FT. by brands formed by big O F FLOW E R CA N O P Y money investors from out of
FEB. 2019
state who cultivate thousands of One of the critical aspects of A CLOSE UP LOOK plants at a time. Zimmerman’s Luvli is their curing technique, AND WHIFF IS ALL school of thought? “We’re going which is the cornerstone of the THAT’S NEEDED TO with what we know works.” quality of their product. Small KNOW THAT THESE With this mentality, the crew batch is the name of their game. CULTIVATORS KNOW at Luvli has maintained their WHAT THEY’RE DOING. Curing all their material in a signature OMMP-era cultivation single small room, that’s had the tech of growing fewer, larger plants. This style humidity and temperature perfectly dialed in, in of cultivation was born from medical days when what Zimmerman has dubbed “purgatory.” cultivators were limited by plant count as opposed Their goal is to never be sitting on weight. to canopy square footage, which is how cultivators This seems like a logical approach, but you’d be are limited now under recreational legality. This surprised at how many producers ignore quality in style, though tried and true, is certainly not the favor of producing as much volume as possible. easiest to manage. Such large plants weigh signifi“We only grow as much as we have the demand cantly more and generally have denser foliage to for. We work with about 30 shops and ensure manage versus a sea-of-green style canopy. The those relationships are taken care of and their results, however, are self-evident. needs met,” Zimmerman said. With their flowers glistening from the jar, you With rare and unique genetics like One Eye’s can find Luvli on the top shelves of dispensaries cut of Dogwalker, Hawaiian Cookies and Foracross the state. A close up look and whiff is all bidden Fruit, Luvli is at the top of their game and that’s needed to know that these cultivators know primed to continue securing space on top shelves what they’re doing. across the state as they expand.
G EAR
FLOWERING 38X PHANTOM DE HPS 30X PHANTOM 315W CMH V E G E TAT I V E 40X T5 + LED P R O P R I E TA R Y S M A L L B AT C H C U R I N G E QU I P M E N T QU E S T D E H U M I D I F I E R S, AG R I A I R I O N I Z E R , P H A N T O M L I G H T I N G, H U R R I C A N E FA N S, T I TA N & AU T O P I L O T C O 2 S Y S T E M , S U P P C O DATA L O G G E R S, A U T O P I L O T, T I T A N , A N D P O W E R B O X T I M E R S
C R EDI TS
LIGHTING DESIGNED BY @ONEEYRERC C U S T O M H VA C D E S I G N E D A N D B U I LT B Y D A R Y L L W. C U S T O M I R R I G AT I O N D E S I G N E D A N D B U I LT B Y B I D D Y B O O P R O D U C T I O N S & D I A M O N D K R E W I R R I G AT I O N
HAWAIIAN COOKIES
PU RPLE PUNCH
TERRY MASTERSON AND DALE MILLER TRIMMING HAWAIIAN COOKIES.
CO-OWNER TIM ZIMMERMAN IN THE DRYING ROOM
INTERVIEW BY NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415 | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
the indoor issue
INDIGO #2
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GEEK FARMS
oregonlEAF.COM
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eek Farms is a premier, OLCC licensed Cannabis farm located in Otis, Oregon. Owner Mike Cawley took us on an extensive tour of the facility, where we were fortunate enough to learn a fraction of the daily routine. The facility is located at the end of a long and winding gravel road, nestled right next to a flowing stream that serves as breeding ground for salmon part of the year. The 32 acre property was initially a farm store that sold goat milk, cheese and seasonal vegetables. The newly constructed “blue” building that currently hosts four active flower rooms is one of the more impressive, and technologically advanced pieces of architecture I’ve seen. Offices are located above LOCATION the grow rooms on a mezzanine. O T IS, O R The hallway between each flower SIZE: bay has windows that allow Mike T IE R 1 and the crew to check up on things MIXE D without having to enter a room.
FEB. 2019
Trays and rolling tables are The Geek Farms crew has MIKE AND HIS CREW utilized to allow seamless access implemented several environARE CONSTANTLY between rows and plants. mentally conscious initiatives STRIVING TO Gavita 750s and auto-wateraround the farm. All of the INNOVATE AND ing systems were also in use to runoff from the dehumidifiers IMP ROVE THEIR save time and space. is filtered back into local P ROCESSES, WHICH Rove beetles were spotted in streams and ponds. They TRULY SHOWS IN the cooler areas of the room, produce their own worm THE QUALITY OF THE FLOWER THEY as the Geek Farms crew has castings year round, and P RODUCE. released thousands to effectively have since noticed a spike control and prevent any pests. in flower quality and terpene The team and I were overwhelmed with the percentages. 70% of the soil is reused, with different smells and cultivars in each room. only 30% being new inputs such as peat, New batches of The Doctor and River Song coco, and a little bit of aeration. are on the way, as well as some new experiments In the end, Mike and his crew are conand old favorites. The veg room was also super stantly striving to innovate and improve their impressive, as head grower Oriah had constructed processes, which truly shows in the quality of a completely even and healthy canopy. the flower they produce. Each strain released Two greenhouses are also located on the proponto the market carries a unique terpene erty and used in the warmer months, primarily for profile, and is meticulously handled through hash production. the harvest, trimming and curing process.
ATTENTION TO DETAIL IS PAYING OFF
CROOKED RIVER BLUES
47
FOUNDER MIKE CAWLEY AND 10 POUNDS OF DR. WHO
BAY WINDOWS PROVIDE EASY VIEWS OF THE FLOWER ROOMS
G EAR
GHOST TRAIN HAZE
QU E S T D E H U M I D I F I E R S, T R O L L M A S T E R C O N T R O L L E R S, S C H E I F E R A N D M A X X A I R FA N S, 5 G A L L O N P L A S T I C P O T S, TRANE AC UNITS PIONEER MINI SPLITS
INTERVIEW BY WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
oregonlEAF.COM
FLOWERING G AV I T A A N D I L L U M I N A R E 7 5 0 D E L I G H T S AND ILLUMINARE CMH LIGHTS V E G E TAT I V E L E D E A R LY, L E D + C M H / D E L A T E V E G
the indoor issue
CO-FOUNDER JOEL RUGGIERO IN THE COMPANY’S LOBBY.
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hen you say the words professionally constructed indoor Cannabis cultivation facility, what you’re most likely picturing in your head is essentially Cloud Cover Cannabis. A joint effort between chief horticulture officer and co-founder Joel Ruggerio and his lifelong friends, brothers Ankur and Vishal Rungta, the ownership is a match made in heaven. Ruggerio is the head cultivator and plays an active role in managing the day to day operations of the facility and staff. The brothers Rungta help manage company finances and business operations. “You can’t have a grower run a business and you can’t have a business person run a Cannabis grow,” explains Ruggiero as we meander from room to room in their seemingly endless property. LOCATION Constructed in 2016 and P O R T L AN D, O R licensed in 2017, Cloud Cover’s SIZE: TIER 2 36,000 square foot building, five
FEB. 2019
CLOUD COVER
grow rooms and 9,200 square feet Their facility is controlled by a single of active canopy space is an indoor CLOUD COVER computer system that monitors and CAN TRULY cultivator’s wet dream. Cloud Cover adjusts light output, temperature, ONLY BE can truly only be described as an elite humidity, CO2 levels, fan speed, DESCRIBED indoor operation. power levels, exhaust fans, etc. AS AN ELITE Purpose built from the ground up, The Unity Energy Solutions master INDOOR the team gutted an old industrial site controller has allowed for the utiliOPERATION. that had sat vacant for nearly two zation of some unique equipment. decades and converted the space into The team at Cloud Cover opted to a high-tech commercial cultivation facility. invest in an Aaon hot gas reheat system, eliminatOne of the most important factors in indoor ing their need for free-standing dehumidification cultivation is cleanliness, and Cloud Cover takes systems. When combining these factors together, it up to the next level by requiring all grow staff the resulting energy savings, as estimated by the to shower and suit up in scrubs to enter the grow Energy Trust of Oregon, will clock in right around space. This usually means twice per shift, once at $52,000 per year. the beginning of a shift and the second time after Cloud Cover is undoubtedly one of the most taking lunch, as most employees go off-site and impressive facilities we’ve toured. leave the facility. Armed with a dedicated staff, a well-developed Aside from the cleanliness factor, the technology brand and a commitment to success, we expect behind Cloud Cover is nothing short of awe-inspirto see this Cannabis cultivator flying high for ing, at least for a Cannabis geek like me. years to come.
G EAR
FLOWERING 5 0 0 X G AV I T A 1 0 0 0 W H P S G AV I T A L I G H T E M I T T I N G P L A S M A V E G E TAT I V E T 5s U N I T Y E N E R G Y S O L U T I O N S D I G I TA L G R OW C O N T R O L , H U R R I C A N E FA N S, N E TA F I R M I R R I G AT I O N S Y S T E M , A AO N H O T G A S R E H E AT S Y S T E M , IDEAL H20 REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM, 10K GALLONS OF H20 STORAGE
COURTESY
WOOKIE GIRL 91, COOGIES AND WHITE 99.
ZACK BALLARD AND BLAKE DEGROFF, CULTIVATION ASSISTANTS.
FLO BY DJ SHORTS
INTERVIEW BY NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415 | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
oregonlEAF.COM
INVENTORY ROOM
CLONE MANAGER JOHN HARMON
the indoor issue
RHYTHM Cultivation Solutions & Services
and I founded Rhythm Cultivation Solutions & Services, committed as an exhibitor in the 2015 MJ Biz Con, and began work on the new business. WHAT TOOK THE PROJECT FROM CONCEPT TO REAL-WORLD APPLICATION?
At the 2015 MJ Biz Con, we launched a proof of concept and found numerous cultivators interested in working with us to bring it to life. After months of communication, we signed deals and broke ground on the first beta site.
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WHAT HAS BEEN THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE YOU’VE BEEN MET WITH IN DEVELOPING THE SOFTWARE, THE HARDWARE AND THE BUSINESS? Developing a software and hardware
solution that has all the unique features Cannabis cultivators are seeking, yet is still easy to learn, use, and maintain, has always been a fun challenge. When it came to the business the challenge was around funding. Wanting to avoid outside investment, we relied on our networks in other industries to bring in projects that funded development and overhead costs for Rhythm.
Cory Winters, Founder/VP Project Management Raul Guerrero, Founder/VP of Engineering Cale Winters, Founder/President
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T
he first time I encountered one of Rhythm’s incredible cultivation systems, I was nothing short of blown away. I always envisioned, standing in grow room after grow room, that there just had to be a better way to do things. Lofty thinking coming from someone who has only cultivated Cannabis on a personal scale, but this was the case none the less. Then, last year as we traveled across the state to produce our first-ever Sustainability Issue, I encountered the very dream setup I had imagined for so long. At Eco Firma Farms in Canby, Oregon, an early model Rhythm unit resides. This machine does it all and is truly a one-stopshop of cultivation automation. It is also what I believe will be the standard for indoor cultivation facilities of the future. According to its website, “When fully utilized, Rhythm is a completely automated, turn-key, industrial grade cultivation control solution that
FEB. 2019
HOW MANY GROW OPERATIONS DOES RHYTHM CURRENTLY HAVE MACHINES IN?
We signed five beta partners across 2016 and, after a long beta process, our team launched Rhythm’s Batch Series AFS in November of 2017. We have since installed eight projects in numerous markets across the country and have a backlog of committed projects into 2020.
can manage your entire facility’s feed delivery, recipe management, pH and EC stabilization, runoff, lighting, temperature, humidity, CO2 and power.” A bold statement and an even bolder endeavor to bring the concept to life. We caught up with president Cale Winters to learn more about Rhythm and how it came to be. HOW DID THE COMPANY GET STARTED?
HAVE YOU EVER INSTALLED A SYSTEM IN A MEDICAL GROW OR AN ILLICIT GROW?
In 2014, Cory met a commercial grower in Denver, CO that introduced him to his operations. At the time, Raul Guerrero and I were both working as applications engineers for two of the largest automation companies in the world. Understanding our expertise in automation and controls, Cory probed to learn more about the challenges Cannabis cultivators faced and the lack of tailored solutions available to them. After attending the 2014 MJ Biz Con to get a feel for the industry, we decided to go all in. In early 2015, Raul, Cory,
We’ve installed systems in both recreational and medical only marijuana markets, however, we do not do business in illicit operations and will continue to uphold that as we grow into the future. DO YOU HAVE ANY SYSTEMS OUTSIDE OF THE US, AND IF NOT, ARE THERE PLANS FOR INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION? Currently, our
business has focused on the U.S. markets, but we have all the necessary certifications to begin moving into Canada second quarter of 2019. Once we’ve fully developed an infrastructure to support the North American markets, we’ll continue to move into new global markets.
INTERVIEW BY NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415
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the indoor issue
KEEPIT CLEAN
It might seem frivolous, but it’s the little things that make the biggest difference.
Truly, there isn’t any big secret or shortcut to indoor cleanliness. The real heroes of the grow are the meticulous cleaners. For success, it requires a diligent daily routine, high standards, hard work and elbow grease. Nothing in this list should surprise you, and there are no easy workarounds. You are mopping. You are dusting. You are cleaning every nook and cranny, and all of your hard work will be rewarded with clean, healthy buds.
Sanitation is an important part of indoor gardening, which ultimately equates to keeping up cleanliness 24/7. Alongside mopping, the walls and all lighting fixtures should be wiped regularly as well for dirt, general debris and bugs who could be lurking. Lights should be wiped down after every flower harvest, ideally. Grime build-up on lights can weaken the light source to the plants resulting in lower yields and sub-par harvests. CHECK INTAKE FILTERS REGULARLY
All indoor growers should be checking intake filter(s) weekly. Routinely checking your intake filter allows you to catch potential problems (like unwanted pests or bugs) before they reach critical mass. Keeping the airflow clean within a contained space cannot be understated when it comes to the success of an indoor grow. Check intake filters once a week and replace when soiled with debris. If you work hard on keeping your grow space clean, consequently, the air filters will last longer as well.
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SHOWER BEFORE ENTRY, SET ASIDE GROW CLOTHES AND SHOES.
LUVLI’S INDIGO #2
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STERILIZATION: BLEACH AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
You should be sanitizing daily and sterilizing before and after each harvest. When cleaning clone and seed spaces, many growers often prefer using a dilution of hydrogen peroxide. I prefer bleach, but many choose to use hydrogen peroxide because the unstable oxygen molecule turns into water and doesn’t harm plants. This doesn’t mean you cannot use bleach, but you MUST make sure you thoroughly rinse everything to make sure the bleach doesn’t come into contact with delicate clones or plants. Sterilization kills all potential pathogens that put your garden at risk, at a very low cost to boot.
FEB. 2019
ROUTINE SANITATION: SWEEP AND MOP DAILY
You should be mopping your grow every day. Yes, you read that right EVERY DAY, and preferably after feedings. (You know, when you spill your mix everywhere, or there might be a leak in your automation.) If my grandmother were writing this, she’d tell you to mop twice a day! Once in the morning and once at night. I come from a family of nurses and OCD cleaners, and it proves to require the same diligence within an indoor grow. So many problems in an indoor grow are largely due to a lack of cleanliness. Every part of the grow should be mopped with a diluted bleach solution. Let me put it plainly: your grow should be cleaner than your living quarters.
Before you step foot into a grow, think about the investment it took to get to this point. If you take your garden practice seriously, you should shower before you enter the grow. Additionally, you should have a pair of shoes (Crocs preferably) that are specifically for the grow alone. I suggest Crocs because they are easy to clean. Your shoes should also be sanitized regularly – especially if you are dealing with pests. Showering removes the dirt or any pests that might be lurking on clothing or on your hair. Having garden-only clothing and shoes also ensures that nothing from the outside will walk in (via your shoes) and compromise your investment – the grow. Ultimately, this all helps eliminate the risk of introducing a pest to the garden. It might seem frivolous, but it’s the little things that make the biggest difference. CLEAN ALL GARDEN TOOLS, POTS AND ACCESSORIES
After every harvest, all pots should be sterilized with bleach before new plants are transplanted. All garden tools should be cleaned after every task in order to prevent any potential cross-contamination between rooms or plants. Nothing about this list is complicated, but it requires a decent amount of manual labor in order to ensure your cleanliness standards aren’t compromising your indoor grow space.
BY SIMONE FISCHERR @SIMONEFISCHERR | PHOTO BY @BERMANPHOTOS
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the indoor issue
SCOUT FOR INSECTS
Scouting for insects involves routinely checking the crop to establish a baseline of pest populations and disease trends. Scouting is a very detailed process that can take a lot of time, but the payoff of discovering problems early is priceless. Yellow sticky cards are 3” x 5” cards with adhesive used for scouting. Place yellow sticky cards in the entire facility and check them on a weekly basis. Yellow sticky cards aren’t used to reduce pest populations, rather they are an effective way to determine the number of flying insects. You can find fungus gnats, thrips, whitefly and winged root aphids on sticky cards. The number of flying pests on cards help determine the extent of an infestation or the introduction of a new pest. Inspect leaves with a 20x hand lens and bring leaf samples back to a higher magnification stereo microscope. SCOUT FOR PLANT DISEASES
While scouting for insects, look for plant diseases. The most common plant diseases in Cannabis are powdery mildew, Botrytis, Pythium and Fusarium. Powdery mildew occurs in leaves and flowers. Botrytis infects flowers with a grey, white fuzzy mold. Pythium and Fusarium are called “root rot” because these diseases manifest at or below the soil line. QUARANTINE INCOMING CLONES
If you purchase incoming genetics, make sure to keep them in an area separate from the rest of the facility. Reputable suppliers will have an excellent IPM program in place. Some clone suppliers are willing to educate you about their prevention processes.
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IPM
SANITATION
It is important to clean rooms between crops and maintain a clean work environment to prevent the exposure to pathogens. In Oregon, you can apply Zerotol to dip cuttings, clean hard surfaces and disinfect rooms. The Zerotol label is very detailed and designed to prevent plant pathogens indoors. Bloom Garden Supply carries Zerotol and has the best stock in Oregon. CULTURAL PRACTICES
Use the correct methods to grow a healthy plant. Don’t overwater plants or allow plants to dry too much. Excess fertilizer causes plants to be more susceptible to insects like aphids because the tissue is soft and easy for insects to feed on.
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BENEFICIAL INSECTS
Integrated Pest Management in Indoor Cultivation
G
rowing in an indoor environment can greatly increase the extent of an infestation because the environment is warm and humid. There are some simple methods you can follow to prevent devastating crop loss indoors. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an agriculture principle that combines all plant pest and disease management tools available in a well-informed manner to solve long term problems. The tools of IPM include scouting, plant quarantine areas, sanitation, cultural practices, beneficial insect releases and approved pesticides.
FEB. 2019
Beneficial insects have become standard in Cannabis production. There are many predatory insects to choose from to reduce insect and mite populations. Start with the beneficial predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus in the early stages of production. They will eat thrips and fungus gnats. You should work with a beneficial insect supplier who ships predatory insects directly from the insectary. APPROVED LIST
Follow the Oregon Department of Agriculture approved list to select the correct EPA registered products to prevent pests or diseases. Contact a Licensed Pesticide Consultant if you have questions about choosing the right product.
BY MORIAH LACHAPELL FOR OREGON LEAF
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RECIPES
by laurie wolf Photos By Bruce wolf
February 2019
LOVE IS IN THE AIR, and hopefully, Cannabis is too! Whether you are celebrating with friends, lovers or co-workers, this year let Cupid have his arrows, we’ve got something a whole lot better. The current strain we are loving is Blue Dream from East Fork Cultivars, our new space mates. These three recipes are straightforward, delicious and promise to make a day about love considerably lovelier. And we need all the love we can get. Happy Valentines Day from Laurie and MaryJane! #DontFearTheEdible!
SALMON FILET WITH FIRE ROASTED RED PEPPER PUREE Serves 4
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4 6-ounce pieces salmon 1 tablespoon olive oil Salt & pepper 4 teaspoons canna-olive oil 3 roasted red peppers, cut in strips 1/4 cup chopped onion 2 cloves garlic, minced 1 cup chicken broth 1/4 cup cream, optional 12 small peppers, cut in half and seeded 1/3 cup pesto Chopped fresh basil or flat parsley
BEST BEET SOUP Serves 6
1. Heat oven to 425F. Place salmon on a baking sheet with sides. Brush with the olive oil. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. 3. In a medium sauté pan heat the canna-oil over medium heat. Sauté the red peppers, onion, and garlic until the onion is soft, 4-5 minutes.
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4. In a blender or food processor combine the peppers with the broth and the cream. Taste for salt and pepper. 5. Back in the medium sauté pan, heat the red pepper mixture over med. heat. 6. Place the small peppers on your work surface. Spoon a teaspoon of pesto into the halved peppers.
WHITE CHOCOLATE & CHERRY BARK Serves 8 2 cups white chocolate melts or chips 2-3 tablespoons canna-butter 1 cup granola 1/3 cup dried cherries 1. In a double boiler melt the chips with the canna-butter. 2. Place a sheet of parchment on your work surface.
7. Bake the salmon in the oven and roast until just done, 12-15 minutes.
3. Pour the white chocolate onto the parchment.
8. Transfer the salmon on plates. Add three pepper halves and spoon the red pepper sauce over the salmon.
5. Allow to set for one hour before breaking into pieces.
9. Garnish with the fresh herbs & enjoy.
FEB. 2019
4. Sprinkle white chocolate with the granola and the cherries.
Cannabis, chocolate and cherries. What a combo!
1 ½ pounds fresh or canned beets 3 garlic cloves, peeled 1/4 cup chopped onion 1 bay leaf 2 tablespoons red wine vinegar 1-2 tablespoons canna-oil or butter 1/4 cup chopped dill pickle ½ cup buttermilk ½ cup whole fat yogurt 1 tablespoon chopped fresh dill Salt and pepper Pumpkin seeds Yogurt 1. In a large soup pot cover the beets with water. Add the garlic, onion and bay leaf and cook until tender, about 30-40 minutes, until fork tender. Drain and cool. 2. In a blender or food processor combine the beets, vinegar, oil, pickle, salt and pepper. Puree till smooth. Add the buttermilk and yogurt, dill and puree again. Add salt and pepper to taste and garnish with the optional toppings.
S W E E T L I F E D I S T R O
DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.
reviews
TOASTY’S
chipotle & cheddar Cannabis cheese crisps 43mg THC / 3.6mg per piece serving
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TOAS T Y ’ S C H I P OT L E & C H E D DA R C H E E S E CA N NA B I S C R I S P S
TASTE 5/5 EFFECT 3/5 PKGNG 5/5 VALUE 4/5 TOTAL 17/20
FEB. 2019
C R A F T E D BY P O RT L A N D P R E M IU M
recently returned to the market with a bang. These savory snacks, crafted by Portland Premium, contain carefully sourced ingredients such as organic cheddar and organic coconut oil. Each piece contains a mild 3.6 mg of THC, making it convenient to dose smaller amounts. I tried a few with some coworkers after work and really enjoyed the rich, sharp flavor from the cheddar, followed by the spice of the chipotle. The slightly soft, yet crunchy texture, coupled with the flavor, reminds me of the Trader Joe’s cheese straws. Effects are mild, yet focusing, making this a great option for consumers experimenting with edibles for the first time, and those needing a functional high to get through their workday.
REVIEW by WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES | PHOTO by NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415
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reviews
TASTE 4/5 EFFECT 5/5 PKGNG 5/5 VALUE 4/5 TOTAL 18/20
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HAPPY CABBAGE FARMS
ICE CREAM CAKE 90U HASHROSIN
is one of the only OLCC licensed companies producing single-source hash and hash rosin. We were fortunate enough to try a few flavors for review, and each strain did not disappoint. The Ice Cream Cake 90u hash rosin stood out most to me, as the aromas punch you in the face as soon as the jar is opened. There are hints of vanilla and is followed by a fuel-forward cookie dough aroma that is reminiscent of Do Si Do. The consistency is a snap-and-pull nectar that quickly butters up when exposed to heat. I enjoyed a few low-temperature dabs with friends and was impressed with the potent flavors and effects. The inhale is sweet berry cream followed by an explosion of fuel and cookie dough flavors, probably due to the beta-caryophyllene presence. A momentary head rush is felt as the high transitions into the body, producing a lethargic, sedative effect that is great for pain management. I would recommend this hash rosin to consumers that are slightly more experienced smokers, and to those
FEB. 2019
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REVIEW by WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
CBD BATH BOMBS
reviews oregonlEAF.COM
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CRAFTED BY F E E LS P R O D UC T S
“Clocking in at a sturdy 100mg per bomb, the US grown and processed CBD works in beautiful harmony with the natural ingredients carefully selected and paired together in each bomb.”
FEB. 2019
I’VE ALWAYS been a skeptic of topical CBD products, but the deeply therapeutic effects of Feels CBD Bath Bombs are undeniable. Clocking in at a sturdy 100mg per bomb, the US grown and processed CBD works in beautiful harmony with the natural ingredients carefully selected and paired together in each bomb. The version I tried, dubbed Recover, was crafted with eucalyptus, camphor and cedarwood. Available individually or in mixed dozens, Feels CBD Bath Bombs are non-psychoactive and THC-free, making a perfect gift for yourself or a loved one. FeelsProduct.com @FeelsProducts $15/bomb, $165/mixed dozen
REVIEW & PHOTO by NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415
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tannins & terpenes
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This month we are pairing the Pomegranate Ginger Cider from New West Cider with Pineapple Pomegranate flower organically cultivated by Roganja. The cider pours a vibrant red color with medium carbonation and little to no head. The pomegranate taste kicks through first, followed by a subtle, yet slightly spicy ginger flavor which cuts through the sweetness. The Pineapple Pomegranate flower pairs perfectly with this well-balanced cider. I smoked a few bowls out of my water pipe and noticed a strong pineapple flavor, followed by subtle pomegranate notes on the exhale. Each hit was smooth and clean, with little to no lung expansion. The strong pomegranate from the cider pairs nicely with the strong pineapple from the flower, creating a sweet and tart fruit medley that’s a perfect summer smoke and drink. The ginger helps to balance the sweetness and acidity from the pineapple and pomegranate flavors. As always, we suggest sharing both of these products with friends.
FEB. 2019
Pomegranate Ginger Cider with Pineapple Pomegranate Flower brewed by NEW WEST CIDER grown by ROGANJA
REVIEW by WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS
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