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THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

issue

#17

Happy New Year!

feature

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JANUARY 2022

N O R T H E AS T

JAN. 2022

34 ATHLETES AND CANNABIS

THE CHANGING FACE OF SPORTS

44 CANNTHROPOLOGY

THE APOTHECARY AGE

DREW BARDANA

WORLD OF CANNABIS MUSEUM

MALTA GOES LEGAL

ALEX CHATIGNY

DREW BARDANA

10 CANNABIS NEWS

BUDTENDER OF THE MONTH

9 10 12 14 20 24 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

EDITOR’S NOTE N AT I O N A L N E W S REHASHED LOCAL NEWS BUDTENDER Q&A STRAIN OF THE MONTH BRAINS WOMEN SEX SPORTS PETS EXITS C O N C E N T R AT E S TOPICALS CANNTHROPOLOGY STONEY BALONEY

CHARLES TAGGART

POT FOR YOUR MENTAL HEALTH ADOBE STOCK

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

E S TA B L I S H E D 2 0 1 0

T H E E N L I G H T E N E D VO I C E

N O RT H W E S T L E A F / O R EG O N L E A F / A L AS KA L E A F / M A RY L A N D L E A F / CA L I F O R N I A L E A F /

A B O U T T H E C OV E R For our first-ever Weed & Wellness Issue, Creative Director Daniel Berman looked to the Austin, Texas-based illustrator Angela Southern to bring the concepts and stories of this wide-ranging edition to life. Southern, a fourth-generation artist specializing in hand lettering, has worked with an impressive list of clients such as The Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, American Greetings and Converse. “This cover was exciting to put together because I created all the lettering by hand with a brush!” says Southern. “There’s an energy and element of surprise that comes with brush lettering, and I’m obsessed with it.”

ART by ANGELA SOUTHERN @SOUTHERNANGELA

CONTRIBUTORS

WES ABNEY | FOUNDER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

DREW BARDANA, ILLUSTRATION BOBBY BLACK, DESIGN + FEATURES JOSHUA BOULET, ILLUSTRATION TOM BOWERS, FEATURES EARLY, PRODUCTION MIKE GIANAKOS, FEATURES BAILEY JONSON, FEATURES + PHOTOS BOBBY NUGGZ, FEATURES + PHOTOS JEFF PORTERFIELD, DESIGN MIKE RICKER, FEATURES JESSE RAMIREZ, ILLUSTRATION MEGHAN RIDLEY, EDITING ZACK RUSKIN, FEATURES O’HARA SHIPE, FEATURES ANGELA SOUTHERN, ILLUSTRATION CHARLES TAGGART, FEATURES + PHOTOS JAMIE VICTOR, ILLUSTRATION DAN VINKOVETSKY, FEATURES BRUCE & LAURIE WOLF, RECIPES

WES@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

SENIOR EDITORS MIKE GIANAKOS | DAN VINKOVETSKY

MIKEG@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM DAN@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM 844-4NELEAF

CREATIVE DIRECTOR DANIEL BERMAN | VISUALS & DESIGN

DANIEL@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY PETE THOMPSON

PETE@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

SALES DIRECTOR MICHAEL CZERHONIAK

MICHAEL@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

We are creators of targeted, independent Cannabis journalism. Please email us to discuss advertising in the next issue of Northeast Leaf Magazine. We do not sell stories or coverage. We can offer design services and guidance on promoting your company’s medicinal, recreational, commercial or industrial Cannabis business, product or event within our magazine and on our website, LeafMagazines.com. Email michael@leafmagazines.com to start advertising with NE Leaf!

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ABNEY

Editor’s Note Thanks for picking up The Weed & Wellness Issue of the Leaf! THE CLASSIC SAYING that health is wealth is more poignant than ever as we find ourselves in a new year of uncertainty during a global pandemic – which is why we chose to focus our first issue of 2022 on all the ways that Cannabis can help add to a healthy lifestyle. As a child of the DARE era I was told that Cannabis was bad for you, could cause cancer, and tons of other drug war propagandized lies. But from my first toke, I’ve known that Cannabis made me and others around me feel better! This is now evident with stories told in the Leaf from people all over the world whose lives have been improved by access to our favorite plant. And now we are finding new and interesting ways to integrate Cannabis into our lives…

From pre and post workout routines to our sexual lives, Cannabis can make fun activities even more enjoyable! And those struggling with addiction to substances like alcohol, pharmaceuticals or other drugs, can find relief in Cannabis and remove the negative input by replacing it with plant powered medicine. It’s truly amazing what the right dose of terpenes and cannabinoids can do, and I hope that this issue JUST AS A JOINT inspires you to think about Cannabis beyond getting high – and to explore SHOULD BE how it can help your life or those of your loved ones. Just as a joint should be shared to be fully enjoyed, so must be the information about how Cannabis helps improve lives. By now most of America knows that smoking weed isn’t really dangerous, and a lot of people have experienced the joy of picking out a strain at a dispensary and trying it legally.

SHARED TO BE FULLY ENJOYED, SO MUST BE THE INFORMATION ABOUT HOW CANNABIS HELPS IMPROVE LIVES.

But what America and our global community need to wake up to is how many pills Cannabis can replace, and how many diseases, health issues and addiction problems can be solved with the plant that was once considered the most dangerous drug of all.

But after all, the most dangerous part of Cannabis is the fact that it disrupts the pharmaceutical industry agenda, is safer than alcohol, and opens minds instead of clouding them. The scariest thing about the pay-for-play healthcare system in America is the idea that a plant grown in the backyard can replace half the medicine cabinet. Growing your own medicine and having access to it from trusted sources in medicinally oriented products is the epitome of health autonomy, and we are all blessed to live in a time where Cannabis is once again leading the pharmacological movement towards natural, safer medicines. So the next time you smoke weed for a headache, use a topical for back pain or have a friend complaining about sleep issues, suggest a specialized Cannabis product or a strain that has helped you. That’s how we plant seeds of change and help the people we love to embrace the plant we can all benefit from!

-Wes Abney JAN. 2022

leafmagazines.com

PUBLISHER

WES

N O RT H E AS T L E A F

national news

weird

MIDWEST

MISSOURI LEGALIZATION EFFORT HITS THE GROUND RUNNING

WOMAN ARRESTED AFTER SMOKING WEED ON FACEBOOK LIVE

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

heriff’s deputies arrested a North Carolina woman on drug charges after authorities got a tip she was about to smoke marijuana during a Facebook Live, reports CBS 17. About 9:15 a.m. December 2, the Columbus County Sheriff’s Office learned Candace Keene, 33, was preparing to smoke Cannabis in a live stream on Facebook, according to a news release from the sheriff’s office. “Investigators reviewed the social media account and was able to observe the video,” a spokesperson for the department wrote. “Investigators and H.E.A.T. Deputies went to the home of Candace Keene and spoke to her about the narcotics “WE WANT TO seen in the video, which THANK THE CITIZENS THAT she did not deny.” REPORT CONCERNS Investigators found TO US NO MATTER and “collected” unHOW LARGE OR SMALL,” specified amounts of THE SHERIFF marijuana. ANNOUNCED. They also claimed to have found controlled prescription medicine not prescribed to Keene during a search of the home. Keene threatened to “purposely” urinate in the cop car after her arrest, the sheriff’s office claimed. Deputies threw Keene in jail for the Facebook stunt. They charged her with possession with intent to manufacture, sell, or deliver a schedule VI controlled substance. For good measure, they also wrote her up for possession of drug paraphernalia, and damage to government property. Authorities set her secured bond at $4,000. “We want to thank the citizens that report concerns to us no matter how large or small,” the sheriff announced. “In North Carolina marijuana is illegal and we have a duty to enforce all laws, no matter the opinion.”

percent of Missourians voted for medical Cannabis in November 2018; it was the most popular issue on the ballot.

JAN. 2022

dispensary licenses have been given out in Lansing, Mich. – but the limit has since been lowered to 55 shops, a number which will be reached through attrition.

oters could decide next year whether Missouri becomes the latest state to legalize marijuana, reports St. Louis Public Radio. A group known as Legal Missouri 2022 launched its initiative petition campaign December 2 in St. Louis. If the group gets enough signatures and Missourian voters approve, adults can legally purchase Cannabis for any reason. Legal Missouri 2022 presented key parts of their petition during the press conference, reports KSDK. Their main objective: legalizing the possession, purchase, consumption and cultivation of Cannabis for adults 21 and older. THEIR MAIN OBJECTIVE: LEGALIZING THE POSSESSION, A 6 percent retail sales tax results in estimated annual state revenues of PURCHASE, CONSUMPTION AND CULTIVATION OF CANNABIS at least $40.8 million, reports Lake Expo. Local governments would get an FOR ADULTS 21 AND OLDER. additional $13.8 million in annual tax revenue, according to estimates. That money, in turn, would cover program costs including conviction expungement. Surplus funds go to veterans’ healthcare, drug addiction treatment and the state’s public defender system. “It is finally time for Missouri to legalize and regulate the adult use of marijuana,” said John Payne of Legal Missouri 2022.

politics

EUROPE

CONGRESS LEAVES MARIJUANA BANKING IN THE LURCH

TINY NATION OF MALTA GOES LEGAL

final effort on federal marijuana banking reform by including it in Congress’ military spending bill failed December 7, reports Forbes. Provisions allowing American Cannabis companies to do business with banks were left off a larger defense bill currently under discussion in both chambers of Congress. The SAFE Banking Act passed the House in September as part the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2022. The Senate won’t likely allow the measure back in the final NDAA, according to Bank of America securities analyst Lisa Lewandowski. Lewandowski, however, pointed out that the disconnect between federal and state marijuana laws cannot continue long-term. This is even more urgent due to the $18 billion in legal Cannabis spending last year and the growing marijuana market. “My work on this bill is far from over,” said Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-Colo.), who spearheaded efforts for the SAFE Banking Act. “Going forward, I plan to pursue every possible avenue to get SAFE Banking signed into law.”

years is the age of Horacio EstradaElias, a seriously ill Cannabis life prisoner released in a dramatic reversal, serving for a nonviolent marijuana trafficking crime.

he parliament of Malta legalized Cannabis in early December. It makes the Mediterranean island country the first in the European Union to allow cultivation and possession of the herb, The Guardian reports. Malta enacted the new law by the weekend. Owen Bonnici, Malta’s minister for Equality, Research and Innovation, praised the decision. Possession of up to seven grams of marijuana will be legal for those 18 and above. Adults can grow up to four Cannabis plants. Those plants, however, must be hidden from public view. Adults are permitted to store up to 50 grams of dried herb. The law forbids public consumption of Cannabis, except for medical marijuana patients. Malta, the EU’s smallest member state, will probably be followed by other states across the EU in 2022, reports Baltic News Network.

normalization

UTAH FIREFIGHTER SUES OVER FIRING

tah firefighter Levi Coleman alleges the Ogden City Fire Department unlawfully suspended him from duty for refusing to surrender his medical marijuana card, reports the Standard-Examiner. Coleman’s suit accuses the defendants of discriminating against a government employee in violation of the Utah Medical Cannabis Act. Coleman has been a firefighter and EMT with Ogden since 2011. He said he suffers from chronic back pain, which didn’t interfere with his duties. He got a medical marijuana recommendation and a Utah medical Cannabis card in June. The President of Professional Firefighters of Utah told the Salt Lake Tribune the union is assisting and representing Coleman because the city isn’t following state law. It’s unlawful in Utah for any company to take action against an employee simply for being a medical marijuana patient, unless the person is impaired on the job. “This firefighter is following state law,“ said Jack Tidrow, president of the Professional Firefighters of Utah. “The employer is not.”

420

New York municipalities – 28% of the state’s total of 1,500 – have opted out of adult-use Cannabis sales.

75k $171m

square feet will be the size of top-tier Ohio Cannabis cultivation sites under a new law in the state legislature.

dollars in tax money could be added to Indiana’s coffers by legalizing marijuana, according to Indiana CANN.

STORIES by STEVE ELLIOTT, AUTHOR OF THE LITTLE BLACK BOOK OF MARIJUANA

feature

CANNAPROVISIONS.COM/LITTLESTEVEN

BANDS, FANS & BUDS STEVEN VAN ZANDT BRAND LAUNCHES AT CANNAPROVISIONS

Actor, musician, author and world-traveling nomadic guru Steven Van Zandt sits down with his fans and the press to talk about music, politics and Cannabis.

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

IF WE WERE giving the “Most Interesting Person Award” of 2021, Steven Van Zandt would definitely be a front-runner. With decades of world travel while on tour with Bruce Springstein and the E Street Band – this guy gets around and he has picked up “a little of this and a little of that” along the way. In fact, Van Zandt is a jack-of-all-trades celebrity who even starred in the beloved and long-running HBO hit series, The Sopranos, alongside the late great James Gandolfini. Add to all of this his deep political convictions and social activism, rallying against racial injustices – and you have to admit that “well-rounded” is an understatement. With Cannabis grown by Greg “Chemdog” Krzanowski and Grow Manager Johnny Greenfingaz, this line has been purposely cultivated with high CBD and low THC to create a less psychoactive effect. The intent is to calm and uplift oneself, while maintaining full control and stability. There are high quality Cannabis pre-rolls alongside holistic teas, lollipops and candies in an old-school groovy and ‘70s inspired product line – just picture lava lamps, tigers and guitars, with orange and purple tones that make everything feel cool and relaxed. These are major OG rockstar vibes paired with top shelf pot. Mr. Van Zandt strongly advocates for Cannabis and adds this new brand to his long list of interests and accomplishments. “We need to help spread Cannabis education, de-stigmatization, and stop unjust criminalization for a plant that not only does a lot of good, but has proven during COVID to be essential to people’s wellbeing and quality of life,” says Van Zandt. This advocacy is much appreciated and welcomed, helping to bridge generational gaps in the Cannabis industry.

JAN. 2022

Pre-roll 2pk (Jamaican Chem) 1g $15.00 | Pre-roll 5pk (Jamaican Chem) 5g $60.00

STORY & PHOTOS by BAILEY JONSON @BAILEYANDTHEWORLD for NORTHEAST LEAF

LOCAL NEWS

NJ NOW TAKING

POT BIZ APPLICATIONS

ew Jersey has officially (finally) begun accepting license applications from Cannabis business hopefuls. The Cannabis Regulatory Commission (CRC) opened the application process for marijuana cultivators, processors and testing laboratories on December 15. Those seeking a dispensary/retail license will have to wait until March 2022 to submit an application.

While New Jersey’s adult-use law called for the state to begin issuing the first licenses in September 2021, officials were unable to keep to that schedule. Nonetheless, CRC Executive Director Jeff Brown declared the opening of the application process a “milestone” that “officially mark(ed) the launch of the state’s recreational Cannabis industry.” Pot business hopefuls were certainly ready for the state to begin the licensing process, as 500 applications were filed in the first four hours the CRC site was open. According to the CRC, it wasn’t long before around 155 users were accessing the application form per hour. Applications will be accepted by the CRC on a rolling basis – there is no deadline for applications to be submitted. The law only caps the number of cultivation licenses allowed, as 37 grow-op permits will be awarded over a two-year period. There is no cap on the number of licenses that can be issued for dispensaries, testing labs or processors. The CRC will give priority to Cannabis business applications from women, veterans or minorities, as well as people previously arrested for pot or those who are economically disadvantaged, in the review process in accordance with the state’s social equity program. The state’s recreational pot law stipulates that retail sales begin by midFebruary 2022. But with the new timeline pushing the start of the dispensary application process back to March 2022, there is no current estimate for the launch of retail sales in New Jersey. Unfortunately for consumers and would-be business owners alike, recreational sales could still be a long way off.

Photo by Girl With Red Hat

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POT POTENCY CAPS? I f lawmakers in Massachusetts get their way, the state’s adult-use Cannabis industry is in for some major changes. New bills filed by state representatives would raise the legal age to purchase marijuana and introduce a potency cap for pot products. Massachusetts voters legalized Cannabis at the ballot on Election Day in 2016. Two years later, in 2018, the state launched retail sales. Since then, marijuana has become a major industry in the Bay State as adult-use sales recently surpassed $2 billion. While the state has experienced growing pains, particularly in figuring out how to create a more inclusive industry through social equity programs, recreational Cannabis has overall been extremely popular with the public. However, some potential changes could create problems for the program. A bill introduced by State Rep. James O’Day would change the legal age for purchasing Cannabis from 21 to 25. O’Day’s main argument for the change is that marijuana “may harm the developing teen brain,” which doesn’t fully develop until the mid-20s. State Rep. Bradford Hill introduced a bill that would limit serving sizes and flavors of Cannabis edibles and, most importantly, cap THC levels. Hill’s bill would also ban marijuana-infused seltzers and beverages. Advocates and industry experts are concerned that such changes to the state’s adult-use law would “[undermine] the goals of legalizing and regulating Cannabis,” by driving consumers away from dispensaries and back to the black market. Rep. Hill’s bill is influenced by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) research that bemoans the increasing THC levels in Cannabis since the early 1990s, when the average was around 4 percent, to 2018 when the average reached around 15 percent. Unfortunately, the measure would limit retail Cannabis THC levels to 10 percent, with similar potency caps for concentrates and edibles.

JAN. 2022

Photo by Elsa Olofsson

Hill’s retrograde THC caps would seriously upset the apple cart as most of the pot sold in state dispensaries ranges from 15-27 percent THC. It is highly likely that consumers would return to illicit sellers and unregulated Cannabis if they cannot legally purchase pot containing more than 10 percent THC. The legislative proposal to cap pot potency comes after the state’s Cannabis Control Commission studied potential adverse effects caused by high concentrations of THC and decided not to recommend setting a limit on potency. The commission’s researchers were unable to find sufficient scientific evidence of risks associated with high potency pot.

NEW YORK TO CONSIDER A

PSYCHEDELIC THERAPY

New York lawmaker has introduced legislation that would legalize the medicinal use of psilocybin mushrooms. The new bill would also create centers where psilocybin would be administered to patients, as well as locations where ‘shrooms would be cultivated. Assemblyman Pat Burke hopes the Empire State will embrace the new psychedelic revolution, which has seen cities across the country enact ordinances allowing for the therapeutic use of psilocybin and other psychedelics. In fact, the psilocybin program Burke’s bill proposes is very similar to the one established by Oregon voters on Election Day 2020, when the state became the first in the country to legalize the substance. Burke’s legislation would create service centers where qualified patients could be treated with psilocybin in a supervised environment. The bill would put regulatory control of the program in the hands of the Department of Health, which would be responsible for licensing service centers, cultivators, testing labs and scientific research. Any medical condition could qualify a patient for psilocybin therapy if they receive certification from a doctor. Therapists would also be allowed to certify patients for the therapy, but they first must take a training course through the Department of Health. Qualified patients would be issued a program ID card, which is valid for one year. According to the bill, “Struggles with diseases like PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcoholism can be major disruptors to a person’s livelihood as well as their family’s … These mental health detriments can deteriorate

physical health, result in performance deficits on tasks, and increase rates of suicide. Psilocybin therapy is a breakthrough avenue for providing people with treatment for these ailments.” The legislation also includes a $2 million grant to assist military veterans, firefighters, police officers and EMS workers in receiving psilocybin treatment. “Our first responders expose themselves to potential trauma on a daily basis to keep us safe and well. Ensuring their access to [psilocybin] treatment demonstrates our reciprocity to keep them safe and well,” Burke said in a statement. Photo by Meryl Katys

Photo by Meryl Katys

SAFE CONSUMPTION IN NYC N ew York is now the first city in the country to open safe consumption sites.

Safe consumption sites are harm reduction facilities where illegal drugs can be used under medical supervision. They also offer treatment options and other resources to those in need. While the idea of safe consumption is not new, many jurisdictions – including Philadelphia and San Francisco – have recently considered allowing such sites in an effort to help prevent overdose deaths. As the opioid crisis continues to claim lives, harm reduction initiatives are essential – particularly safe consumption sites. “The national overdose epidemic is a five-alarm fire in public health … Giving people a safe, supportive space will save lives and bring people in from the streets, improving life for everyone involved. Overdose prevention centers are a key part of broader harm reduction,” New York Health Commissioner Dave Chokshi said. New York’s Department of Health estimates that safe consumption sites could save 130 lives a year in the city. The first two sites opened in early December at locations currently providing needle exchange services. According to Mayor Bill de Blasio, “Overdose Prevention Centers are a safe and effective way to address the opioid crisis … I’m proud to show cities in this country that after decades of failure, a smarter approach is possible.” While the Biden Administration initially indicated support for safe consumption sites, the Department of Health and Human Services recently clarified that “HHS does not have a position on supervised consumption sites.” In 2019, the Department of Justice under Trump sued to block a safe consumption site from opening in Philadelphia. Photo by Mart Production

STORIES by MIKE GIANAKOS @MIKEGEEZEEY

LOCAL NEWS

>> Continued from pg. 15

RHODE ISLAND ON THE VERGE… A

16 Photo by 2H Media

major Rhode Island legislator claims the state is closer than ever to legalizing Cannabis. House Speaker Joe Shekarchi said in an interview with WPRI-TV that he anticipates an adult-use bill will be ready in early 2022. Those of you following along at home know that Rhode Island has been on the verge of legalizing marijuana for quite some time now. So, updates from officials stating the state is close to finalizing a tax and regulate Cannabis bill should be considered with skepticism. Nonetheless, Shekarchi went out of his way to tell reporters that, after many months of negotiations, lawmakers only have one issue left to be resolved before the legalization bill is finalized. The “last remaining issue” is about regulatory control of the state’s marijuana industry; should an independent commission oversee recreational Cannabis? Or should it be the Department of Business Regulation? Shekarchi mentioned that it could end up being “some combination thereof or some hybrid version of it.” “We’re studying other states. But the marijuana bill in general is a very complicated piece of legislation,” Shekarchi added. “People just say ‘legalize it.’ It touches very different areas of the law. It touches taxation. We have to make sure that we’re doing it right.” Rhode Island lawmakers have been considering three different legalization proposals – from the Senate, the House and Gov. Dan McKee. And while it has taken time, it does appear progress is being made on the bill. A major issue involving the number of Cannabis business licenses that should be awarded appears to have been resolved by legislators. Previously, an agreement was reached to place a temporary hold on approving cultivation licenses. With just the regulatory question left to resolve, perhaps we really are nearing adult-use legalization in the Ocean State.

FENTANYL LACED POT

IN CONNECTICUT LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

esearchers at the Forensic Science Laboratory in Connecticut are used to finding fentanyl in samples they examine. In fact, one employee claims the highly addictive narcotic is one of the most common drugs brought into the lab as evidence. So common that techs keep naloxone close by while they work. However, no one anticipated exactly where they’d discover it next. Deputy Director of the Chemical Analysis Section, Michael Rickenbach, explained that “detecting fentanyl was not a big surprise to us, it was just the manner in which it was found … It was found laced on marijuana.” This Connecticut laboratory had found the state’s – and perhaps the country’s – first lab-confirmed case of fentanyl mixed with marijuana. The Cannabis in question had been seized as evidence in connection with an overdose in Plymouth. Unfortunately, it doesn’t seem to be a stand alone case. The state Department of Health has recorded 39 different situations in the past four months where naloxone was used to treat an opioid overdose. The strange thing is that all 39 patients claim that they only consumed Cannabis. Some officials believe that illicit dealers are adding fentanyl to marijuana in order to compete with the legal market. Brian Foley, assistant to the Commissioner of the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection told NBC Connecticut, “It’s so easy to get, add in the addiction factor and it just keeps people coming to that same dealer.”

Whether this is the 21st century addition of reefer madness or a legitimate public health concern, the need for a legal, regulated Cannabis market has never been more clear. Last month we reported that regulators anticipate retail sales beginning in Connecticut before the end of 2022, and possibly even earlier. Regardless of whether or not your weed dealer is really trying to get you hooked on fentanyl, retail sales of regulated Cannabis cannot begin quickly enough for Connecticut, New York and New Jersey. Photo by Steven Weeks

JAN. 2022

CANNABIS CONFECTIONS

IN MASSACHUSETTS

ver the last decade, the marijuana edibles market has exploded. While at one time, the simple pot brownie was king, the current Cannabis-infused industry now offers everything from gummies to barbeque sauce. Massachusetts is one of the adult-use states leading the way on edibles. And at least one Cannabis company there still hails the pot brownie as king. A Big Brownie Last month, Norwood-based MariMed Inc. made headlines for baking the “largest THC-infused brownie ever made.” The 3-foot-by-3-foot square brownie is 15 inches tall. It weighs 850 pounds and contains 20,000mg of THC. The megabrownie was created to celebrate National Brownie Day on December 8, as well as the launch of MariMed Inc’s new edibles line, Bubby’s Baked. Ultimately, the massive THC treat will be sold to a medical Cannabis patient from MariMed’s Middleborough dispensary. They have not decided on a price as of yet. And no one’s quite sure what the purchaser will do with the giant ganja brownie. Perhaps it’s best not to ask too many questions… Cool as Ice If you’re over brownies and want to learn about a different kind of Cannabis confection, how about a new pot-infused ice cream now available in Massachusetts. The Blues Brothers-themed THC ice cream is the product of a partnership between edibles company Plant Jam and actor turned marijuana farmer, Jim Belushi. The ice cream line pays homage to the 1980 film “The Blues Brothers,” starring Belushi’s late brother John and Dan Aykroyd. Since John Belushi’s death, Aykroyd has performed Blues Brothers concerts with Jim Belushi. The ice cream line, which is available in orange whip and java chip flavors, is the latest Blues Brothers offering. The unique Cannabis edible is made by Framingham-based Plant Jam. Best known for the Cloud Creamery pot-infused ice cream line, Plant Jam was founded by international chef David Yusefzadeh.

Photo by Margo Amala

“Our goal from the beginning has been to offer great tasting infused edibles to consumers. This collaboration is perfectly in line with that goal,” Yusefzadeh said of The Blues Brothers-themed ice cream. According to Belushi, “I’ve met many Cannabis chefs, but David’s approach is the truest because he uses the full plant and farm to table ingredients … It’s on the same mission as the farm–boutique, farm to table, organic, special.” The Blues Brothers ice cream project will be featured on season two of “Growing Belushi,” the Discovery Channel show that documents Jim’s work as a Cannabis cultivator on Belushi’s Farm. Raising the Bar While THC edibles have undeniably become extremely popular with consumers over the years, they aren’t exactly museum worthy. Unless of course you’re referring to Massachusetts’ most famous chocolate bar. After recreational Cannabis was approved at the ballot in 2016, Massachusetts voters had to wait two years before retail sales officially launched. On that fateful day – November 20, 2018 – Northampton Mayor David Narkewicz became the first person to legally purchase pot when he bought a 50mg chocolate bar at New England Treatment Access dispensary at 8:00 a.m. Recognizing the importance of the state’s first legal pot purchase, the mayor eschewed eating the bar and instead had it encased in a custommade plexiglass box. A plaque at the bottom of the box commemorates the importance of the chocolate bar. Now, as the mayor prepares to leave office on January 3, the state’s first legal Cannabis purchase is headed to the Historic Northampton museum, where it can be viewed by an adoring public. If learning about these Cannabis confections whet your appetite for more edible info, why not check out our 2021 Edibles Special at leafmagazines. com? There you’ll see some other potent pot-infused goodies Massachusetts has to offer, as well as the unique, creative and delicious edibles available around the country.

STORIES by MIKE GIANAKOS @MIKEGEEZEEY

Stem is your cannabis comfort zone, where there’s always a warm welcome and a ready recommendation, right in buzzing downtown Haverhill. We stock the broadest, most exciting variety of top-quality products in the region, and our sociable staff will help you discover the best cannabis experience for you. So, if you’re ready to feel at home, soak in some eclectic tunes, and kick back with our brilliant budtenders, then join us. And no matter where you’re from, consider us your local joint.

Flowers • Edibles • Concentrates Tinctures • Accessories • Artisan glass

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Please Consume Responsibly. This product may cause impairment and be habit forming. For use only by adults 21 years of age or older. Keep out of the reach of children. This product has not been analyzed or approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There is limited information on the side effects of using this product, and there may be associated health risks. Marijuana use during pregnancy and breast-feeding may pose potential harms. It is against the law to drive or operate machinery when under the inﬂuence of this product. KEEP THIS PRODUCT AWAY FROM CHILDREN. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. The impairment effects of Edibles may be delayed by two hours or more. In case of accidental ingestion, contact poison control hotline 1-800-222-1222 or 9-1-1. This product may be illegal outside of MA.

ROCKET SEEDS HALF

interview

W H O ’ S Y O U R FAV O R I T E B U D T E N D E R ? T E L L U S W H Y ! E M A I L N O M I N A T I O N S T O D A N @ L E A F M A G A Z I N E S . C O M

ALEX CHATIGNY Meet Alex “Kindbud” Chatigny, budtender with Alternative Therapies Group – the first licensed medical dispensary of Massachusetts, proudly holding license number 001. Now, they have three locations and Alex works at the Salisbury store.

I found Alex at the front ID check window as another client came in after me, so I went inside to look around the dispensary while he checked their ID. Alex stepped in to give the client help, as they knew him by name. I sat back eavesdropping a little, looking at the beautiful flower photo enlargements on the wall. The client was looking for something to help him sleep and Alex gave him a few strain recommendations, then highlighted one he liked to use when he was unable to sleep. He then told them about how this one strain was a hard hitter and the buzz comes in like a train, giving you couch lock. The client was happy as can be! I spoke with Alex and found out he had been a massage therapist, owning his own business in Boston for 15 years before being able to enter the Cannabis industry. He undoubtedly has a good understanding of muscle and nutrition to go with his knowledge of Cannabis and what it helps.

WHAT BROUGHT YOU INTO THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY? I used to smoke when

I was young. But I think my godmother would still be alive today if we had dispensaries back in the ‘80s when she had breast cancer. Whenever anyone who comes into ATG says the word cancer, I drop whatever I am doing and spend 15-20 minutes going over all I know, or put them onto a path where they can find out more.

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WHAT KIND OF CANNABIS DO YOU LIKE?

Northeast Leaf Budtender of the Month ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES GROUP 107 ELM STREET SALISBURY, MA 978-834-6800 | ATGMA.ORG | @ATGCANNABIS

JAN. 2022

I like flower – it all depends on what I’m doing and I mix up the spectrum some, maybe some Blue Dream with some Tahoe, but I also like trying many different strains. I wouldn’t recommend a strain that might have a heavy cerebral hard hitting buzz if the person is a newbie, or recommend a strong sativa-dominant variety to someone who really wants “I THINK I HAVE to fall asleep. HELPED MORE PEOPLE WHILE WHAT INSPIRES YOU THE WORKING HERE MOST WITH CANNABIS? I IN JUST TWO like helping people and working here YEARS, THAN I at ATG. I think I have helped more DID IN 15 YEARS people while working here in just OF MASSAGE two years, than I did in 15 years of THERAPY!” massage therapy!

It’s no surprise after meeting him why the owner of ATG would recommend him as a favorite budender, and why Dan Vinkovetsky recommended that I interview him. You really should go meet Alex – he’s friendly, personable, experienced and knowledgeable!

STORY & PHOTO by CHARLES TAGGART @KINDBUD.PHOTOS for NORTHEAST LEAF

CRAFT CANNABIS CULTIVATED IN THE BERKSHIRES

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cannaprovisions.com Please Consume Responsibly, This product may cause impairment and may be habit forming. For use only by adults 21 years of age or older. Keep out of the reach of children.This product has not been analyzed or approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There is limited information on the side effects of using this product, and there may be associated health risks. Marijuana use during pregnancy and breast-feeding may pose potential harms. It is against the law to drive or operate machinery when under the influence of this product. KEEP THIS PRODUCT AW AWAY FROM CHILDREN. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. The effects of Edibles may be delayed by two hours or more. In case of accidental ingestion, contact poison control hotline 1-800-222-1222 or 9-1-1. This product may be illegal outside of MA. | License #: MR281796 & MR281778

the WEED STRAIN & WELLNESS OF THE MONTH issue

BELOVED FOR ITS INCREDIBLY FRUITY FLAVOR AND SMELLS JUST LIKE A BAG OF ITS SUGARY NAMESAKE CANDY.

26.60% THC INDICA HYBRID

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JAN. 2022

NORTHEAST

Rugged Roots recently placed second in The Harvest Cup indica flower competition with their Runtz, a cross of Zkittlez and Gelato originally bred by Cookies. A few days after the announcement, I swung over to a nearby dispensary to sample a pre-roll and really enjoyed the tropical taste and delightful buzz.

RUNTZ Cultivated by Rugged Roots Inc.

I decided to take a ride to the Rugged Roots greenhouse in Auburn, Maine to meet the crew, see how they grow, and sample some more Runtz. I met with Lead Cultivator Ryan Richards, who happily showed me around their greenhouse full of beautiful healthy plants of multiple strains, all grown in coco. Runtz is beloved for its incredibly fruity flavor and smells just like a bag of its sugary namesake candy. Upon opening the beautifully-designed resealable package featuring their pinetree mountain logo, one finds an eighth of small, dense, trichome-covered nuggets. They broke apart easily and I had no problem rolling a nice fatty without using a grinder. The nugs were all picture perfect, with light green leaves and bright orange hairs, plus a hint of purple mixed in. I took a few hits during the course of the day while working and found that it helped reduce my anxiety with a relaxing and uplifting buzz. The sweet taste of the buds paired perfectly with my morning coffee. Once I sat down for some heavier smoking after the day was done, the Runtz really grabbed my attention! The high came on very fast – before I was even done with the first bowl. After the second bowl, I was starting to feel that couchlock, stoney sensation and by the time I lit up a joint, I was well on my way to looking for a movie to watch – instead of going hiking as planned. I also had a severe case of the munchies. Rugged Roots has done an amazing job growing the Runtz strain. They also own Sinsemilla recreational and medical dispensaries where you can always 64 WASHINGTON AVE, find their products, which PORTLAND, MAINE are also available at (+2 MEDICAL LOCATIONS) (207) 536-7045 other shops throughout SINSEMILLA207.COM Southern Maine. @_SINSSTAGRAM

SINSEMILLA REC

REVIEW & PHOTO by CHARLES TAGGART @KINDBUD.PHOTOS for NORTHEAST LEAF

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The app to spark the cannabis spirit

the WEED & WELLNESS issue

MENTAL POWERS It wasn’t so long ago that our televisions were clogged with public service announcements warning us that Cannabis consumption was akin to tossing one’s mind into a frying pan and letting it sizzle. While today we know that such crude analogies are not, in fact, an accurate representation of “your brain on drugs,” we are still woefully under informed when it comes to understanding the role of Cannabis in the mental health of humans. From success stories of military veterans using Cannabis to alleviate symptoms of PTSD to concerns over potential changes in the brain chemistry of underage consumers, to say the situation is complex would be a massive understatement.

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eyond the vast array of different ways in which Cannabis and mental health can and should be studied, there’s also the underlying issue of the plant’s continued status as a Class I controlled substance. In stark contrast to the wealth of ongoing research being conducted in countries like Canada and Israel, the fact that Cannabis remains federally illegal in the U.S. means efforts to study its medical efficacy on all fronts are extremely limited. As the COO and co-founder of NorCal’s Santa Cruz Veterans Alliance (SCVA), Newsom had a first-row seat to witness the benefits Cannabis can provide to veterans suffering from PTSD and other related conditions. In addition to serving the SCVA’s mission, Newsom also believes it’s incumbent on organizations like his own to not only call for needed research, but to spearhead such efforts too, wherever possible. “We try as hard as we can to do as much research as possible,” Newsom said. “But there’s not much that can be done while the plant still falls under a Schedule I drug classification.” Despite this massive barrier, Newsom says the SCVA continues to do whatever it can. Back in 2016, for instance, Stanford University and the VA conducted a study utilizing both the SCVA’s Cannabis and veteran populace. “They did a seven or eight month study with questionnaires and Fitbit tests,” Newsom noted. “They looked at all their sleeping habits and everything like that – and that was a peer-reviewed study that was published a few years back.” Unfortunately, such studies remain a rarity, even now. As a result, Newsom can only offer his anecdotal observations when it comes to the overall possible value of Cannabis as a net positive for veterans wishing to treat symptoms of PTSD. Of all the contenders, it’s issues with sleep and pain, Newsom believes, where Cannabis probably makes the biggest impact. “I think most people in the veteran community, specifically, are using it to help with sleep regulation and pain management,” he said. “One of

JAN. 2022

the big effects of PTSD is reduced sleep, as well as why some didn’t – should be part of that process.” high anxiety, hyper-vigilance, stress and depresCase in point: The topic of Cannabis and sion. All of those are things that can hinder sleep mental health leads to a lot of talk of promise, and we’ve seen that just being able to get proper and a healthy dose of frustration over the fact that rest can really make a big difference.” everything must still be cloaked in caveats until The ability of Cannabis to aid in sleep, which in more research is allowed and completed. turn leads to improved mental health, is but one Asked about the topic, Draisin agrees that of the endless fibers in this utterly massive heap research is of vital importance. of fascinating, if staggering, fabric. A distinctly “There is so much more research that is different thread can be found in the work of Dr. needed,” Draisin explained. “More information Alison Draisin, who practices Cannabis-assisted is needed. More protocols are needed. I still psychotherapy at Seattle’s AIMS Institute. feel like doctors and nurses don’t know enough Though she can appreciate why many may about Cannabis and the myriad uses it can have. assume the concept of Cannabis-assisted psychoOftentimes, without the proper knowledge and therapy is an extension of the understanding that education, I think that medical professionals don’t sitting on one’s couch and smoking weed makes always turn to Cannabis first. They turn towards them feel comfortable, pharmacology.” her approach and The same interest lies elsewhere. could be said for “In a therapy Newsom, who also situation,” Draisin underscored that explained, “I want the value of Canthe client to become nabis as a tool in anxious. I want clients promoting mental to have a shift, so then health is directly I can explore what’s tied to what legal really going on behind access we have to that anxiety. Some the plant. people will say they “It’s a human can’t use Cannabis rights issue,” because it makes them Newsom said. “We paranoid or anxious, need to have the but I actually like to put right to heal with - D R . A LI S O N D R A IS IN | S E AT T L E A I M S I N ST I T U T E clients in that state of whatever means anxiety, so that we can we deem fit for our explore what’s causing it and what’s coming up own personal healing journeys. Whatever is going for them.” to make us happier, you shouldn’t have to ask As part of the process, Draisin stresses that fopermission for it.” cusing in on specific Cannabis cultivars (or strains) There’s arguably nothing more important than a is, in her belief, of vital importance. healthy mind, so let us hope that greater oppor“If you’re going to do Cannabis-assisted psytunities to fully understand and better empower chotherapy, you should also be talking to your consumers on the subject of Cannabis and mental client about Cannabis. I firmly believe that looking wellbeing arrive shortly. This is one brain teaser at different cultivars with a client – why some work, which is long overdue for an answer sheet.

“There is so much more research that is needed. More information is needed. More protocols are needed. I still feel like doctors and nurses don’t know enough about Cannabis and the myriad uses it can have.”

H e a r D r. A l i s on Drai s on on T h e Leaf Li fe Podcast S h ow #111 Psych edel i c Me d i c i n e.

“We need to have the right to heal with whatever means we deem fit for our own personal healing journeys. Whatever is going to make us happier, you shouldn’t have to ask permission for it.” -A A R O N NE WS O M , SA NTA C R U Z V E TE R A NS A L L I A NC E

STORY by ZACK RUSKIN @ZACK.RUSKIN FOR LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

the WEED & WELLNESS issue

The connection between Cannabis and women’s health dates back as far as Ancient Mesopotamia. Used in conjunction with herbs and beer, Cannabis was believed to relieve pain from menstruation and assist with easing difficult childbirth. Its usage continued in pharaonic Egypt, with Cannabis being imbibed orally, rectally, vaginally and topically. In fact, according to preeminent global medical Cannabis expert Dr. Ethan Russo, there is evidence to suggest that many of the world’s civilizations have employed medical Cannabis to treat women’s ailments. Nevertheless, modern medicine has eschewed female Cannabis use.

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HEALTH FOR HER hen I began researching medical Cannabis 25 years ago, I was struck by the frequency of citations to these kinds of gynecological issues in the old literature. [Cannabis] was absolutely a mainstream treatment in the 19th century and among the most common reasons that anyone could use Cannabis. So, I was finding that there was a severe mismatch about what had been done historically versus current attitudes about the issue,” explained Dr. Russo during a recent phone interview. What Dr. Russo’s research unveiled is something many women have experienced firsthand: the prioritization of potential pregnancy and successful childbirth over the health and wellness of would-be mothers. “Women’s medicine comes near the bottom of the list in terms of priorities and research, unfortunately. And then there’s still this prevalent attitude that Cannabis is dangerous to women of childbearing age and can inhibit pregnancy, when in fact, that’s not the case,” explained Dr. Russo. “The National Institute on Drug Abuse has spent the last 40 years trying to document the ills of Cannabis use when [the evidence] isn’t there.” To better understand the implications of the medical community turning its back on medicinal Cannabis for women’s health, let’s look at the case of endometriosis – a painful disorder characterized by abnormal tissue growth outside of the uterus.

“W

JAN. 2022

Endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, regardless of their ethnic and social background. Unfortunately, without adequate medical care, many remain undiagnosed and untreated. Endometriosis.org reports that on average, it takes 6.7 years of symptoms for patients ages 18–45 to be diagnosed with the often debilitating illness. Contemporary treatments for endometriosis focus on symptom relief and include exploratory surgery, hormonal treatment to suppress and delay the recurrence and progression of the disease, and opioids for pain management. However, at least 50% of patients experience a recurrence of symptoms and tissue regrowth post-surgery. The result is chronic pain and, in many cases, infertility. “When you start looking at quality of life issues and the economic impact of this kind of disorder, it’s astounding,” said Dr. Russo. Despite a lack of support from many in the medical community, some researchers, like Australia’s Justin Sinclair, are paving the way for medical Cannabis. A research fellow and Ph.D. student at NICM Health Research Institute at Western Sydney University, Sinclair’s research focuses specifically on the use of Cannabis to treat, not mask, the symptoms of endometriosis. Sinclair’s research has found that the uterus contains very high amounts of anandamide, the first endocannabinoid to be discovered. The density of cannabinoid receptors within the uterus makes the organ significantly more responsive to Cannabis compounds.

Colorado-based Foria Wellness is currently one of the only commercial companies manufacturing Cannabis products specifically for women. Among the company’s most popular products are the Relief Suppositories with CBD. Customers rave about the product’s ability to relieve menstrual cramps, painful sex and endometriosis symptoms.

“IT’S

one of those things that pharmacists or, in many instances, some doctors, would call a ‘dirty drug’ because it can actually target so many different receptors at once. I would argue that’s the strength of Cannabis and why so many people are using it, not just for endometriosis, but so many other things – because it can tackle pain, all the way through to a lot of the comorbid symptoms that come with chronic illness,” explained Sinclair on a December 12, 2021 podcast with CBD Padrino in Australia. Dr. Russo concurs with Sinclair’s findings and believes that Cannabis could be one of the keys to curing endometriosis. “I think that with the right combination of Cannabis components – in other words, a preparation that has the right ingredients – that a

very good approach could be available to treating [endometriosis]. Certainly, there’s a crying need out there for development,” said Dr. Russo. Colorado-based Foria Wellness is currently one of the only commercial companies manufacturing Cannabis products specifically for women. Among the company’s most popular products are the Relief Suppositories with CBD. Customers rave about the product’s ability to relieve menstrual cramps, painful sex, and yes, even endometriosis symptoms. Still, the use of Cannabis to treat women’s health has a long way to go. “I think it would take a group of women with a lot of money to fund the effort if things are going to change,” said Dr. Russo with a sigh. “It’s just not going to be coming from the government here.”

STORY by O’HARA SHIPE @SHIPESHOTS/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

the WEED & WELLNESS issue

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TOKE N’ POKE There’s an ever-emerging, wide, new world of Cannabis tinctures and oils designed for use during sex. Typically, these products are referred to as lubricants, but their main function really lies elsewhere. It’s more about increasing sensation, stimulating natural vaginal lubrication and masking pain, rather than providing a little extra slip and slide.

JAN. 2022

entry to the category was with Foria’s Pleasure oil, which contains THC. From there, I tried different oils/lubes made by Quim, Velvet Swing, Kush Queen, Her Highness, Toca and eventually, María Magdalena. Most of them contained THC, some were CBD-only. All give instructions to use generously over the vaginal lips, labia, clitoris and general vaginal area. It is also recommended, though not necessarily officially, to use inside the vagina, as well. But why is Cannabis, specifically THC, good for enhancing sexual pleasure? Why add it to sex at all? It’s a good question. Lindsay Wynn, the San Diego-based co-founder of Cannabis sexual wellness companies Oshihana and Momotaro Apotheca, explains that, first and foremost, THC is a vasodilator. That means it widens blood vessels, which allows for greater blood flow and, therefore, sensation. When a sex organ is aroused it receives a rush of blood. THC as a vasodilator also shows up elsewhere in the body – it’s why people’s eyes become bloodshot after smoking.

Using Cannabis lube is also a great way to introduce new things into the bedroom.

There are also CBD-only sex oils on the market. Some people swear by their efficacy, however, I personally think they’re mainly effective in dulling pain and little else, and experts agree. That isn’t a small deal, however: According to statistics from the American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, 75% of women experience pain during sex at some point in their life. Anecdotally, I know heterosexual women who have to focus on other sex acts, apart from penetrative sex, because their vaginal and uterine pain is too much to handle. If this sounds familiar, CBD sex oils and suppositories are a good place to start. But if arousal and increased sensation is the deal, regardless of what kind of sex one is having with whichever parts, the focus is going to be on products featuring THC. Wynn has advice for those looking to figure out which products are worth it, versus those that are just jumping on the stoned sex bandwagon. “Buyers should do their own research to compare and contrast different products – how many milligrams of CBD or THC is in the products?” she suggests. This is an excellent point, as many manufacturers don’t even list dosage on their website or on the package. In general, there’s a dosing sweet spot that the best companies have determined for their own formulas, which include both THC and CBD, and are usually at higher milligrams. This will also mean the price is higher, but it’s worth it because a low dose is essentially ineffective. “You also need to examine which cannabinoid

the company is claiming is in there – what are they claiming it is doing? You have to consider what part of the body you’re applying to, if it’s a mucous membrane or not. Usually, [Cannabis sex oil] companies are claiming increased sensation,” Wynn explains. I get asked all the time if these oils work or not. Personally, I skip the CBD lubes. I know they work wonders for people with pain issues, but since I’m mainly looking for arousal, I think manufacturers claiming CBD sex oils work for arousal are peddling in snake oil. Wynn says she agrees. When it comes to THC, though, the results are all over the board. Part of this is due to active ingredients. Foria’s oils, for example, contain peppermint oil. Many others do, too, among other things. Obviously, if you slather that all over your genitals, it’s going to tingle right away – but many users wrongly attribute these feelings to weed. The trick is to apply it 30 minutes in advance of when one is actively trying to reach orgasm, which gives it enough time to absorb into the bloodstream and activate. And, to answer one of the most commonly asked questions on the topic: Yes, it is technically possible to get super stoned from using THC-loaded lube, though it is admittedly hard to do so. Wynn says that one would have to use quite a lot and specifically inside the vagina. The dosing also has to be high enough so there’s enough bioavailability for THC to be absorbed into the bloodstream at levels that produce an intoxicating effect. When used solely on outside vaginal tissue or other parts of the body (excepting the mouth and anus), a user won’t get high off of it.

THC is a vasodilator. That means it widens blood vessels, which allows for greater blood flow and therefore, sensation.

Both Wynn and I agree that the mental aspect is another benefit to using these oils. Rituals, in particular, are important and often overlooked parts of sex. Rituals are also important in Cannabis culture, like with rolling a joint or preparing a bowl. Wynn says that the focus of the oils in her line is not just for in-the-moment sexual enhancement, but a vital part of pre and post-care, too. “A sex ritual can include everything from, like, getting ready and shaving your legs to smoking a joint. Everybody has these different things,” Wynn says, explaining that Cannabis has a ton of psychosomatic effects. “For example, that feeling of, ‘I need to go home. I need to smoke a joint. Chill the fuck out.’ And whether it’s the joint or the ritual, it’s probably a combination of those things that make you feel good,” says Wynn. “That’s what we’re responding to as humans. And I definitely think there’s an aspect to that within topical oils as well. You can apply Cannabis lube and just have it be another action, or you can make it part of an intimate ritual.” Using Cannabis lube is also a great way to introduce new things into the bedroom. Wynn thinks that because using a Cannabis lube is similar in practice to using a non-medicated lube, it can be a less intimidating way to spice up a routine. “It’s not, like, a toy or a ball gag or whatever it may be that you’re into. I think there’s a lower barrier to entry here. It expands the conversation,” she says. Part of that expansion is that the conversation around Cannabis sex oils inherently revolves around vaginas and vulvas. After all, it’s the vagina’s mucous membrane that’s absorbing the oil and feeling the physical effects. This is particularly fascinating and exciting because up until recently, the mainstream dialogue about sex and pleasure was focused on heterosexual sex and, specifically, the man’s role and pleasure during it. The conversation has shifted, and weed can be thanked for that. Once again, Cannabis is leading the way to change.

STORY by JACKIE BRYANT @JACQBRY FOR LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

the WEED & WELLNESS issue LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

SPORTING GREEN

In his 20-year professional career, motocross rider Josh Hansen has won gold medals for Best Whip in Moto X at the Summer X Games and back-to-back gold medals at X Games 14 and X Games 15 in Los Angeles. But medals aren’t the only thing Hansen will take away from his storied career – he will also face the consequences of a slew of brutal injuries including broken limbs, separated shoulders, concussions and perforated intestines. “Motocross is just like that. You see your friends die, and people end up paralyzed and stuff. It kind of fucks with you after a little bit,” said Hansen with a shrug. JAN. 2022

Of course, non-narcotic pain relief is only one way Cannabis can change the narrative of sports and substance abuse.

owever, when Hansen rattles off the mind-blowing list of injuries he’s suffered, he doesn’t talk about the proverbial elephant in the room – pain management. Currently, Cannabis and cannabinoids are banned substances by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which oversees professional and Olympic-level sports. To maintain perceived fairness, WADA conducts random urine tests both during competition and in the off-season. Therefore, if athletes test positive for THC outside of competition, they will not automatically be sanctioned. However, testing positive at any point in their career means they will likely get selected for a future test. As the world saw with Sha’Carri Richardson, a positive test for Cannabis can have devastating effects. “It’s kind of crazy because Cannabis can cost you corporate sponsorships. You can end up with fines. You can even be kicked out of leagues and banned from competitions,” Motocross rider Josh Hansen hopes for a more tolerant future. explained Hansen. The converse is not true of opioids. Though studies about opioid use in athletes are still When pro skateboarder Ryan Reyes tore his ACL in a in their infancy, reports by the National Institutes of fluke accident in 2014, he turned to Cannabis to help Health suggest that 52% of professional football playcope with the emotional trauma of the injury. ers have self-reported using opioids during their career. “I’ve had anxiety and depression for a long time, so, Of that 52%, as much as 71% have misused opioids. like, getting hurt meant I had a lot of time in bed to just And that number is likely to be a low estimate. think,” he said. “You get stuck in your head, and it’s According to a 2015 class-action lawsuit filed by not a good place to be in. Cannabis helped ease the former players against the NFL, the league had a susanxiety of being lost in my thoughts all day. It helped me tained drug culture that promoted keeping athletes on manage the mental grief of what I was experiencing.” the field no matter the cost. The key, Reyes explained, was imbibing Cannabis To put it in perspective, in 2012, on average, each with intention. team was prescribed 5,777 doses of anti-inflamma“I grew up in a family where everyone smoked – I tories and 2,270 doses of narcotics. Or roughly 150 never really did because my parents did. You know, it doses of drugs per player each year. wasn’t cool to do what your parents did. But with my The sad consequence is a slew of untimely deaths knee, I didn’t want to rely on traditional medications. and addiction that touches every sport. I turned to Cannabis with the intention of finding the Derek Boogaard, a former hockey player for the right dose to fulfill my intentions of relieving anxiety and Minnesota Wild and New York Rangers, focusing on healing faster,” explained Reyes. overdosed in 2011 due to a mix of alcohol Athletes aren’t the only ones fighting for the de-stigand oxycodone at 28 years old. Thoroughmatization of Cannabis in sports. Cannabis companies bred horse racing jockey, Michael Carl like Slim’s Top Shelf, Hytiva, Aurora Cannabis and Baze, died of a cocaine and oxymorphone Medterra have begun sponsoring athletes, competioverdose at 24. Professional wrestler Umtions and even playing fields. California-native Flav aga was found unresponsive in his home has even sponsored the High Rollers BJJ Tournament. and later passed at the hospital. The toxiA Cannabis-infused Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament, High cology report revealed he had overdosed Rollers has fighters smoke Cannabis before competing on hydrocodone (a painkiller), carisoprodol to win a pound of high-grade marijuana. (Soma, a muscle relaxant) and diazepam Wide acceptance of Cannabis use in sports might (Valium). He was 36 years old. still be years away, but athletes like Reyes and Hansen “In my mind, it’s just really ass-backare hopeful for the future. ward. Here there is a natural way to treat “It sucks not being able to make up your own rules pain that means you’re not having to pop to keep yourself safe and healthy. But the more investpills. But every time you go to the hospital, ment Cannabis companies can make into sports – I they give you a script for painkillers right think the better things will be,” said Hansen. “It will away. I guess it’s just the world we live in – kind of take some of the gray areas out of using Caneven if it is messed up,” said Hansen. nabis, and that’s a really good thing.”

Slim’s Top Shelf sponsors Skateboarder Ryan Reyes. STORY by O’HARA SHIPE @SHIPESHOTS/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

the WEED & WELLNESS issue

AIR BUD

Anyone who has entered into my orbit, whether online or in person, knows I have a dog. He is, at this point, a three-year-old, 17-pound dachshund named Romeo and for the most part, he is perfect (just check my Instagram). He loves people, kids and other dogs, and is generally sweet and a good learner, too. Unfortunately, he loves me and other people a little bit too much. We have been having separation issues since he was a puppy, which for Romeo means he barks when left alone. It is sad and stressful for him, me and all of my neighbors, and the fact that his humans have been around him non-stop during Covid has been wonderful, but less great for tackling his separation anxiety and barking.

I’M

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Why I Insist On Giving My Dog Cannabidiol

one of those intense dog humans who likes to think we’re living with our pets rather than lording over them, so in general, I’m loath to correct normal dog behaviors. But I also hate being an inconsiderate jerk, and excessive barking isn’t good for anyone involved, whether canine or human. More structure in training was a given. Increasing Romeo’s exercise regimen also took top priority, so he could work off any excess energy. I also decided to include cannabidiol (CBD) in his daily regimen, something that the American Kennel Club, countless veterinarians and many others heartily endorse. Dogs have the same endocannabinoid system that humans do, so if one understands how CBD can affect humans, it’s a short leap to understanding how it can also help our furry friends. Research on the endocannabinoid system is always evolving, but basically, it’s the bodily system responsible for homeostasis, or regulation, and both mammals and humans possess one. It is intertwined with all physiological aspects of our bodies, and plays a role in regulating things like appetite, metabolism, sleep, pain, mood, memory, movement, inflammation and reproduction, to name a few. Though I’ve had marketers trying to sell me on CBD bath bombs for dogs (no, thank you), I settled on tinctures and treats, which are the two best and most popular ways to administer the compound to animals. Overall, I favor tinctures, because they enter the bloodstream faster and skip the digestive process – meaning the resulting dose will be more potent and therefore more therapeutic.

JAN. 2022

“CBD is estimated to have over 40 different receptors, or cellular targets, in both human and animal bodies, and in fact has little affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, the major receptors of the endocannabinoid system,” said Tim Shu, veterinarian and CEO of VET CBD, which makes CBD products for pets. Shu said that to help people understand the most common medical uses of Cannabis, he came up with an acronym: PAINS. “It stands for Pain, Anxiety, Inflammation, Nausea and appetite loss, and Seizures,” Shu said. Shu explained how CBD helps with anxiety. “CBD activates 5HT1A receptors, which are also known as serotonin receptors. Activation of these receptors helps relieve anxiety and makes us feel good. CBD also inhibits enzymes known as fatty acid binding proteins, or FABPs. It’s thought that inhibition of these enzymes leads to increased circulating levels of anandamide, one of our bodies’ own endocannabinoids responsible for alleviating stress and anxiety,” he said. “The mechanisms of action for other conditions like seizure control act on entirely different receptors and cells.”

Overall, Shu says that, as I suspected, oral use is better for “systemic conditions,” like dog anxiety, and topical for localized skin issues. When it comes to pet CBD, just like with humans, proper sourcing and dosing to achieve the aforementioned effects is crucial. It’s widely believed and agreed upon that Cannabis-derived is better than hemp-derived when it comes to human medicines, and with pets it’s the same. However, THC use in dogs freaks me out. I have definitely walked in on Romeo munching on an edible before, which was dosed for humans and sent him on a wild ride for a few days after that. It’s not an experience I’d ever like to repeat, so, again, dosing is crucial here and it’s why pet owners should only purchase CBD products – even those that are hemp-derived, that are formulated specifically for pets. “The amount of THC in pet-focused cannabinoid products is more beneficial because of the synergistic effects of multiple cannabinoids acting in conjunction to yield greater

Much like with human Cannabis access, there’s still a long road ahead for mainstream acceptance of therapeutic Cannabis use for pets.

therapeutic effects – the ‘entourage effect’ of full spectrum products,” Shu said, advocating for the presence of some THC that would be found in full-spectrum CBD. “Additionally, THC does have medical properties, and pets are able to benefit from it without getting high when used appropriately in the right dose and formulation,” Shu said, assuaging my fears. “THC can be used for appetite stimulation and nausea, inflammation and pain. It’s gotten a bad rep over the years because people only see what happens when pets get into their owners’ THC stash, which is selection bias.” Overall, Romeo’s separation anxiety treatment has been a smash hit. I know that training and exercise have had a huge impact on his behavior, but it’s also clear to me that the introduction of CBD has made a significant difference. Rather than appearing drugged or lethargic (CBD is non-intoxicating), instead it seems like CBD appropriately relaxes Romeo. It allows him to focus on the task or moment at hand, which in turn means that training is easier and more successful. Being happy and in-the-moment is a dog’s natural state.

They’re not supposed to ered over three decades ago, Many veterinarians are be worrying about the past and medical schools aren’t not CBD-friendly, so or the future, which is why teaching anything about it.” dog anxiety is considered a would-be pet caregivers Shu adds that he thinks it’s disorder. the equivalent of healthcare should approach theirs A word of caution: providers knowing nothing with caution and do Many veterinarians are not about the endocrine system, CBD-friendly, so wouldwhich is the system that cresome research first. be pet caregivers should ates and regulates hormones, approach theirs with caution and schools deciding it’s not and do some research first. worth teaching. So, much like with human Can“[Veterinarians] never learned about it in nabis access, there’s still a long road ahead for school,” Shu says of why many are CBD-averse mainstream acceptance of therapeutic Cannabis or ignorant. “We are hard-wired to fear what we use for pets. don’t know. But let me put it this way: If we don’t Still, the Cannabis community is not one to take learn everything there is to know about Cannabis such hurdles as anything other than just that – and the endocannabinoid system, aren’t we doing something to work around. Personally, I feel solid our patients and clients a disservice? The endothat providing CBD to my dog is a healthy choice. cannabinoid system is deeply intertwined with all We’re not totally out of the woods with Romeo’s other physiological systems, plays a crucial role in separation issues yet, but when I think of how far health and disease, and is present in humans and we have come in the last few months, I feel so animals. But the stark reality is that our medical relieved and happy I almost get choked up. Simply professionals know little to nothing about the enput, when used in concert with other training techdocannabinoid system, even though it was discovniques, CBD helps my dog be a dog.

STORY by JACKIE BRYANT @JACQBRY FOR LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

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JAN. 2022

the WEED & WELLNESS issue

A GATEWAY OUT Plant Medicine Advocate & Educator Anna Symonds on Cannabis as an Exit Drug.

It comes as no surprise that most pharmaceutical drugs have a laundry list of side effects that come along with their “cure.” Given that Cannabis has been found to be helpful for pain relief, PTSD, sleep disorders, appetite stimulation, anxiety and depression, why would we continue to go to hell and back with these detrimental aftereffects from pharmaceuticals, when there are plantbased medicines that have been widely available for thousands of years? Sadly, the answer is that over the past century, we have been misinformed and led to believe that taking lab-created pills is the only way of finding relief in our lives from our physical ailments and mental health issues.

are all familiar with the classic speech from the doctor: “Take one pill in the morning and one at night, and you’ll be feeling as good as new.” But what if we were to tell you that there are options out there that could help alleviate your symptoms, all the while providing a better quality of life which far exceeds any lifestyle that involves toxic pharmaceutical medication? As we are all aware, there are many other forms of drug addiction outside of pharmaceutical drug abuse. From the start, Cannabis has taken the rap for being a gateway drug, when in all reality, it could very well be a way out – a life preserver for people drowning in other forms of addiction. Here, Cannabis functions as an exit drug and an entrance into a brighter life. Last month, we connected with plant medicine advocate/educator Anna Symonds, gaining insight on how she sees Cannabis continuing to provide an immense amount of harm reduction with both prescription drug and illicit drug use. “Pharmaceuticals are such a problem for so many people. Our medical system is pretty broken in a lot of ways, and our model of care often involves masking symptoms instead of treating the root causes of dysfunction,” said Symonds. More times than not, doctors have a cookie-cutter approach to treat what you’re dealing with, whether that be pain, anxiety or a mood disorder. A large majority of these medications can leave you in a fog, ultimately taking one step forward and three steps backward. “The side effects of pharmaceuticals are so massive for some of them that they’re hard to be considered a ‘side effect.’ Cannabis is a powerful herb, but it is very gentle to the body compared to other drugs,” said Symonds. “When it comes to harm reduction, I’ve met people who had an opioid use disorder, and they shifted to Cannabis,” Symonds explained. “Although they might over consume Cannabis occasionally, they are now safer and healthier. Their families are safer and happier. Ideally, we want to be free from the dependence on

substances and only use them as they choose, but that’s not always a reality, and life isn’t always easy. With Cannabis being an exit drug, it gives people the option to get out of a worse situation into a better one.” And with the plethora of different cannabinoid profiles and products that are currently available, there are undoubtedly plant-based options that have the potential to usher in a healthier way of living. As a WPL rugby player, Symonds has dealt with countless injuries, including two bulging discs and a herniated disc in her back. In addition to those, she has experienced head injuries from a couple of car accidents. Traditionally in the modern healthcare system, the answer would be to load a patient like Symonds with as many pills as possible, including opioids not intended for long-term usage. More often than not, these quickfix medicines often lead to a lifetime of abuse. With an intuitive sense of her body’s needs, Anna has been able to find different products that aid in her day-to-day life and make it significantly better. “I absolutely credit Cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) for helping me to heal both my body and brain.” With the wide variety of brands throughout the country offering more medicinally focused products, including capsules with extended releases and highly accurate dosages, now is a great time to consult with your regional dispensary to find out how to heal your body with Cannabis and replace certain pills. With precise test results showing the exact THC or CBD content, consumers can now confidently take the perfect dosage without the worry of overdoing the amount. “Having more transparency and accountability is a good thing,” said Symonds. “It’s opening the door for more people to consider having a relationship with Cannabis. People who are frightened of trying Cannabis have the opportunity to experience it safely.” There is an abundantly bright future that awaits us all. And with the proper dosages, settings and methodologies, certain drug addictions and dependencies can hopefully be a thing of the past.

“The side effects of pharmaceuticals are so massive for some of them that they’re hard to be considered a ‘side effect.’ Cannabis is a powerful herb, but it is very gentle to the body compared to other drugs.”

Anna has been able to find different products that aid in her day-to-day life and make it better.

STORY by MAX EARLY @LIFTED_STARDUST/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION | PHOTO by MARK GORDON MURRAY

concentrate of the month

MR. BOND EXTRACTS X BONSAI BUDS

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PLATINUM PUNCH I’ve always been a fan of Mr. Bond extracts, so I was really excited to taste this rosin collaboration with Mr. Meeyagee of Bonsai Buds LLC on the shelves at Thomas Slater Compassion Center. At the time of my visit, the Bonsai Buds-grown Platinum Punch was the only strain processed by Mr. Bond on the menu. Unboxing this live rosin made me feel like a kid on Christmas. The packaging is on point: Everything from the box to the labeled jar is neat and professional. Mr. Bond’s logo blends perfectly with Bonsai’s logo, centered in the middle. Detailed with information, they even tell you this product was produced in Pro-Mix, and grown with Advanced Nutrients with no pesticides used in the process. Platinum Punch (Platinum Wreck x Fruit Punch) has a beautiful golden yellow color. This concentrate is more of a budder texture, easy to handle and dab. Upon opening, an enjoyable, full-bodied aroma of hash fills the nostrils. As far as taste, I’d say Platinum Punch lands more

JAN. 2022

on the deep hashy flavor end of the spectrum, more old school and full plant tasting. Black pepper spiciness shines through with light undertones of citrus. I wasn’t able to define if this was flower rosin or not, but given the scent profile, I’m assuming that it was. Getting down to the effects, this rosin tested at over 74% THC and 1% CBD, making for a very heady and long-lasting high. Rushing feelings flow through the center of your forehead straight into your temples. Each hit packs one hell of a head buzz, with a feeling of fuzzy-eyed relaxation without overly sedative effects. The company slogan – “Gold In, Gold Out” – rings true as these guys are producing some absolute fire solventless concentrates. It’s about time Rhode Island gets with it and patients have access to this level of quality. If you’re in need, check out Thomas Slater’s weekly rosin menu and stay updated on sales. I’d also recommend following @mrbond420 and @mr.meeyagee to find out when they’re about to drop some fresh, local flavors.

ROSIN “Each hit packs one hell of a head buzz, with a feeling of fuzzy-eyed relaxation without overly sedative effects."

REVIEW by BOBBY NUGGZ @BOBBYNUGGZ_OFFICIAL for NORTHEAST LEAF | PHOTO by BAILEY JONSON @BAILEYANDTHEWORLD

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TOPICAL OF THE MONTH

BAY GROWN FARMS

RECOVERY CBD SALVE AND TINCTURE

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Strong breakthrough pain takes a “medicinal level” pain reliever, just like this Recovery Salve by Bay Grown Farms. With 1,000mg of full spectrum hemp oil, cultivated locally in Rochester, Mass., this topical offers high levels of CBD along with some minor amounts of CBG and CBN. The entire cannabinoid profile and potency report is right on Bay Grown’s website alongside their line of high-end products, offering transparency and homegrown trustworthiness. The main ingredient list is natural and simple. With a coconut oil and beeswax base, this salve applies nicely to the skin with maximum absorption. Secondary ingredients include a trifecta of organic essential oils: eucalyptus, tea tree and peppermint, which add a calming and subtle scent, plus a complex herbal infusion of comfrey leaf, slippery elm bark, yarrow leaf, ginger root, chaparral leaf and clove. This is a hand-crafted infusion of herbs meant to target specific skin needs like dryness and unevenness. Notably,

JAN. 2022

the chaparral leaf is said to rid your skin of abnormal bumps, growths, warts, basal cells, cold sores and many other skin irritations. This type of healing salve may also be used for general skin irritations, itching, rashes, wounds and abrasions. The product is packaged in a very simple white plastic screw-top canister, both clean and professional. The two ounce jar is a great travel size, perfect for the purse or gym bag. I found this to be a great holiday gift that looks impressive to anyone on the receiving end. Bay Grown also offers a matching Recovery CBD Tincture that is a super cute addition to any gift giving. The tincture comes in a two ounce dropper bottle, also with 1,000mg CBD and at a price point of $50. Ingredients include: hemp seed oil, MCT oil, grape seed oil, cranberry seed oil, peppermint essential oil, CBD full spectrum oil, ginger root, cayenne pepper, comfrey leaf and echinacea. >> BAYGROWNFARMS.ORG | 2 OZ | $50.00

“A hand-crafted infusion of herbs meant to target specific skin needs like dryness and unevenness.”

REVIEW & PHOTO by BAILEY JONSON @BAILEYANDTHEWORLD for NORTHEAST LEAF

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Cannthropology

WORLD OF Cannabis PRESENTS

The

Apothecary Age

THE BIRTH OF BOTANY Europe’s Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries brought with it a surge of activity in both botany and book printing. As a result, a number of English herbalists began publishing a wave of treatises on plants and their medicinal properties. Among the first of these was a clergyman and Oxford scholar named Robert Burton. For most of his life, Burton suffered from “melancholy” – an epidemic of the day that likely encompassed clinical depressions and several other modern mental illnesses. In an effort to ease the angst of both himself and others, he spent over 20 years studying and writing about the topic. The result was a sprawling, pseudo-scientific magnum opus entitled “The Anatomy of Melancholy.” First published in 1621, the text is separated into three partitions, the second Oxford clergyman and of which deals with proposed scholar Robert Burton. GILBERT JACKSON

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It’s estimated that the medicinal use of Cannabis dates back to at least 2900 BCE, when it was used by Chinese emperors who reportedly credited it with bringing “balance and healing to body, mind and spirit.” There’s also evidence that it was used by the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Hindus … but it wasn’t until the end of the Middle Ages that the idea of Cannabis as medicine began to take root in Western culture.

JAN. 2022

An assortment of vintage apothecary bottles and jars from the World of Cannabis collection.

treatments. In it, Burton lists “hemp-seed” among the many herbs and spices purported to alleviate the malady. Next, in 1640, botanist John Parkinson noted in his “Theatrum Botanicum”: “The decoction, of the [hempe] roote is sayd to allay inflammations in the head or any other part, ” and that “it is good to be used, for any place that hath beene burnt by fire, if the fresh juyce be mixed with a little oyle or butter.” Then in 1652, proto-pharmaceutical manual “The English Physitian” (later re-titled “The Complete Herbal”) by botanist Nicholas Culpeper systematically cataloged hundreds of outdoor medicinal herbs and their uses – including hemp, whose extract he proclaimed “allayeth Inflammations in the Head … eases the pains of the Gout … Knots in the Joynts, [and] the pains of the Sinews and Hips.” Nearly two centuries later, the topic of Cannabis and mental health was addressed in more depth by French psychiatrist Jacques-Joseph Moreau. As you

may recall from the “HasHistory” installment of Cannthropology (Aug. 2021), Dr. Moreau co-founded Paris’ infamous Club des Hashischins, in part to study the effects of hashish on its Botanist Nicholas Culpeper, members’ psyches. The author of “The Complete Herbal.” results were published in his 1845 book “Hashish and Mental Illness” – the first scientific psychiatric work on the topic, in which he concluded that the drug reproduced the effects of certain mental illnesses, but was also helpful in aiding sleep, increasing the appetite and suppressing headaches. But arguably, the man most responsible for introducing Cannabis into modern Western medicine was an Irish physician named William Brooke O’Shaughnessy. O’SHAUGHNESSY As a young man, O’Shaughnessy studied anatomy, chemistry and forensic toxicology in Scotland

ENGRAVING BY RICHARD GAYWOOD

Detailing Cannabis’ entrance into, and subsequent exile from, modern medicine.

By the 1930s, over 2,000 Cannabis medicines were being produced and sold at nearly every corner drugstore and apothecary in America.

Story and photos originally published on worldofcannabis.museum and reprinted with permission.

STO RY b y B O B BY B LAC K @ CAN N T H RO PO LO G Y for LEA F NAT IO N

PHOTOS OF BOTTLES AND CATALOG BY BOBBY BLACK | WORLD OF CANNABIS MUSEUM COLLECTION

– earning a doctorate in medicine from the renowned University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1829. On August 8, 1833, he joined the British East India Company and was assigned to India’s Bengal province, where he served first as an assistant surgeon in their army, then as Professor of Chemistry at the Medical College of Calcutta. During this time in India, O’Shaughnessy observed indigenous doctors use Cannabis extracts, edibles and drinks (such as bhang lassi) to This flood of scientific hypodermic syringe in 1853, which treat various illnesses that had confounded literature helped usher allowed water-soluble drugs to be injected doctors back in the UK (e.g. tetanus) and in a new golden age for rather than ingested for faster effects. resolved to study the plant’s medicinal effects medical marijuana. For Since Cannabis medicines were not waterscientifically. the first time in 1850, soluble, they couldn’t be injected and During the mid-1830s, he began adminisCannabis was listed as a were eventually rejected in favor of other Antique Cannabis tering Cannabis compounds to every kind of recognized treatment in medications that were (such as opioids). Indica extract bottle animal he could get his hands on – from dothe United States PharmaAside from these practical concerns, from Eli Lilly. mestic pets like mice, rabbits, cats and dogs, copoeia, and four years though, there was also the politics: A to livestock like pigs, cows, sheep, goats later, in the U.S. Dispensadrastic shift in social attitudes towards Cannabis and horses, to various fish and birds. After tory – officially legitimizing occurred during the early 20th century thanks establishing the substance’s relative safety, he it as a medicine by the to prohibitionist propaganda from yellow graduated his experiments to human subjects state. Between 1842 and journalists and the newly-appointed drug czar (including himself). Over the course of his 1937, “Cannabis Indica” Harry Anslinger, who – by using its Mexican name investigations, he concluded that Cannabis or “Indian Hemp” became “marijuana” rather than the familiar Cannabis or Parke-Davis catalog featuring “American Cannabis” from 1935. medicines were effective against a wide array the third most used compound hemp – roused widespread condemnation of the of conditions, including muscle spasms, (after alcohol and opium) in plant. Though the public at large didn’t realize migraines, rabies, rheumatism, insommost so-called “patent medicines” – all of which, that the “evil Mexican weed” was the same drug nia, epilepsy, depression and tetanus. He thanks to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, that was already in their favorite medications, the also found hemp tinctures specifically to were required to list those ingredients as “poison.” medical community sure did. When Anslinger’s be highly effective as an analgesic and By the 1930s, over 2,000 Cannabis medicines Marihuana Tax Act was introduced in Congress anticonvulsant. were being produced by nearly 300 pharmaceutiin May 1937, the American Medical Association In 1839, after years of study, O’Shaughcal companies, including major players like Merck, was among those who outspokenly opposed it. In nessy released his results through the Bristol-Myers Squibb, Parke-Davis and Eli Lilly. In his testimony to Congress, AMA member/lawyer Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta fact, in the late 1890s, Eli Lilly and Parke-Davis Dr. William Creighton Woodward challenged the – a comprehensive 40-page report entitled even partnered to breed their own strain called bill’s use of the term “marijuana” and its assertions “On the Preparations of the Indian Hemp, “Cannabis Americana,” which Parke-Davis later of the drug’s links to addiction and crime. He or Gunjah (Cannabis Indica): Their Effects sold in their catalogs. Cannabis remedies were also explained that the law would place an unjust on the Animal System in Health, and their even offered in the Sears-Roebuck catalog and financial burden on the medical community and Utility in the Treatment of Tetanus and other advertised in prominent publications like Vanity Fair severely hinder any Convulsive Diseases.” Three years later, and the Chicago Tribune. Cannabis had become further research into O’Shaughnessy he returned to England with a significant the top-recommended treatment for over 100 the medical potential of at work in the lab. amount of Cannabis and its various prepadifferent ailments—with its flowers, hash, tinctures Cannabis. rations, which he eagerly shared – along with his research – with and tonics sold at nearly every corner drugstore Woodward proposed British pharmacists and physicians. and apothecary in America. instead that Cannabis In 1843, O’Shaughnessy’s findings were published in London’s could simply be “Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical SciencDISFAVOR & DECLINE added to the Harrison es” and were received as a revelation. Within a few years, pharSo why did Cannabis medicines suddenly fall out Narcotics Act of 1914, macists all across Europe were offering their customers Cannabis of favor and disappear for over half a century? which would have Dr. William Creighton remedies for numerous ailments. Queen Victoria herself reportedly One reason was volatility. Cannabis medicines regulated and taxed it Woodward consumed a Cannabis tincture to ease her menstrual pains after had short shelf lives, their dosage was difficult to more reasonably. But it was recommended by her physician Sir Robert Russell. Indeed, standardize, and patients’ reactions to them were despite his sensible O’Shaughnessy’s work would inspire half a century of new medical unpredictable due to variations in the potency objections, Congress nevertheless passed the law research into Cannabis. and chemical compositions of the plants. When – essentially ending the study and use of medicinal new synthetic, single-agent drugs with more stable Cannabis in America. Five years later, Cannabis THE GOLDEN AGE chemical compounds, longer shelf lives and more was removed from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. In his classic “Marihuana Reconsidered” (1971), Dr. Lester Grinprecise dosing methods (such as aspirin and It wouldn’t be until the passage of California’s spoon notes: “Between 1839 and 1900, more than one hundred opiates) were developed, Cannabis meds fell out Compassionate Care Act in 1996 – over 50 years articles appeared in medical journals describing the medicinal of favor with medical professionals. later – that the medical use of Cannabis would properties of the plant.” These published pieces included the first Another reason was the invention of the modern once again be recognized by U.S. law. U.S. government-funded study by Dr. R.R. M’Meens’ Committee on Cannabis Indica in 1860, as well as papers by H.A. Hare in 1887, For more on medicinal cannabis history, listen to Episode #18 J.R. Reynolds in 1890, and Dr. J.B. Mattison in 1891, among others … all of which extolled the various benefits – and side effects of our podcast at worldofcannabis.museum/cannthropology. – of Cannabis medicines.

stoney baloney

A HANDFUL OF TIMES IN YOUR LIFE, an event will occur that creates a personal shift and reorganizes your priorities. It is these clear moments of revelation that procure the cornerstones you will one day harken back to, as the rare incidents almost always happen when you are subconsciously ready, but unsuspecting. In an instant, your mind has determined, from opinion to absolute fact, an unequivocal understanding of how your belief system is quantified. What takes place is an utter recalibration of your mindset. And that it caught you completely by surprise is the crux of the magic that makes it so much more imperative, and rightfully your destiny. It could be anything. It’s that split second spark when a woman sees the nerd through a renewed lens, knowing resolutely that he, with his buck teeth and unattractive reading glasses, is the chosen partner for life and the father of her offspring. Or it’s the epiphany of the man who relinquishes the ego in discovery of the wisdom that true happiness is gained not by holding onto an idea that fuels years of regret, but instead by letting go of unfulfilling thought patterns that never served his higher purpose. Or it is the succulent tomato on a crisp bed of dewy lettuce with the perfect tang of dressing at the perfect juncture, that which opens a secret passageway to a level of appreciation that laid dormant in your awareness before that very moment of information insight. These episodes are personal discoveries that enrich your existence. We are to store them inside of our DNA so that the improvement in instinct is retained in future generations. This is the essence of human evolution. Kind of like the first time you got high.

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Articles inside

STONEY BALONEY

CANNTHROPOLOGY

EXITS

BUDTENDER Q&A

STRAIN OF THE MONTH

PETS

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