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#139 | JAN. 2022

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JAN. 2022

44 ATHLETES AND CANNABIS

THE CHANGING FACE OF SPORTS

DREW BARDANA

SHOP REVIEW EVERGREEN MARKET | BELLEVUE

CANNTHROPOLOGY THE APOTHECARY AGE

DREW BARDANA

WORLD OF CANNABIS MUSEUM

POT FOR YOUR MENTAL HEALTH DANIEL BERMAN

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

PETS & CANNABIS

11 14 18 20 24 28 32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 52 54 56 58 60 62

EDITOR’S NOTE CANNABIS NEWS HEMP INDUSTRY H I G H LY L I K E LY INTERVIEW SHOP REVIEW STRAIN OF THE MONTH BRAINS BEAUTY WOMEN SEX SPORTS PETS EXIT DRUGS C O N C E N T R AT E S TOPICALS COFFEE H E A LT H Y R E C I P E S CANNTHROPOLOGY STONEY BALONEY

DREW BARDANA

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

PODCAST

issue

[

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

FEATURE

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

JAN. 2022

healthy Cannabis recipes

Start your new year off right with a selection of tasty and healthy ideas for Cannabis treats....

E S TA B L I S H E D 2 0 1 0

T H E E N L I G H T E N E D VO I C E

N O RT H W E S T L EA F / O R EG O N L E A F / AL AS KA L EA F / M A RY L AN D L EA F / CAL I F O R N I A L EA F / N O RT H EAST LE A F

A B O U T T H E C OV E R For our first-ever Weed & Wellness Issue, Creative Director Daniel Berman looked to the Austin, Texas-based illustrator Angela Southern to bring the concepts and stories of this wide-ranging edition to life. Southern, a fourth-generation artist specializing in hand lettering, has worked with an impressive list of clients such as The Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, American Greetings and Converse. “This cover was exciting to put together because I created all the lettering by hand with a brush!” says Southern. “There’s an energy and element of surprise that comes with brush lettering, and I’m obsessed with it.”

ART by ANGELA SOUTHERN @SOUTHERNANGELA

PUBLISHER

CONTRIBUTORS

WES ABNEY | FOUNDER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

DREW BARDANA, ILLUSTRATION BOBBY BLACK, FEATURES JOSHUA BOULET, ILLUSTRATION TOM BOWERS, FEATURES EARLY, PRODUCTION STEVE ELLIOTT, NATIONAL NEWS JEFF PORTERFIELD, DESIGN JESSE RAMIREZ, DESIGN MIKE RICKER, FEATURES MEGHAN RIDLEY, EDITING ZACK RUSKIN, FEATURES O’HARA SHIPE, FEATURES ANGELA SOUTHERN, ILLUSTRATION PACER STACKTRAIN, FEATURES TERPENE TRANSIT, DISTRIBUTION JAMIE VICTOR, ILLUSTRATION JERRY WHITING, FEATURES BRUCE & LAURIE WOLF, RECIPES

WES@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

MANAGING EDITOR MIKE RICKER | OPERATING PARTNER

RICKER@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM 206-229-WORD

CREATIVE DIRECTOR DANIEL BERMAN | VISUALS & DESIGN

DANIEL@LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

We are creators of targeted, independent Cannabis journalism. Please email us to discuss advertising in the next issue of Northwest Leaf Magazine. We do not sell stories or coverage. We can offer design services and guidance on promoting your company’s recreational, commercial or industrial Cannabis business or product or event within our magazine and on our website, LeafMagazines.com. Email ricker@LeafMagazines.com to start advertising with Northwest Leaf!

Exclusive Cannabis Journalism @NWLEAF

@NWLEAF #NWLEAF

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Have a strain, product, feature idea or news tip that the Northwest Leaf staff needs to know about? Email us at Ricker@LeafMagazines.com!

ABNEY

Editor’s Note Thanks for picking up The Weed & Wellness Issue of the Leaf! THE CLASSIC SAYING that health is wealth is more poignant than ever as we find ourselves in a new year of uncertainty during a global pandemic – which is why we chose to focus our first issue of 2022 on all the ways that Cannabis can help add to a healthy lifestyle.

As a child of the DARE era I was told that Cannabis was bad for you, could cause cancer, and tons of other drug war propagandized lies. But from my first toke, I’ve known that Cannabis made me and others around me feel better! This is now evident with stories told in the Leaf from people all over the world whose lives have been improved by access to our favorite plant. And now we are finding new and interesting ways to integrate Cannabis into our lives… From pre and post workout routines to our sexual lives, Cannabis can make fun activities even more enjoyable! And those struggling with addiction to substances like alcohol, pharmaceuticals or other drugs, can find relief in Cannabis and remove the negative input by replacing it with plant powered medicine. It’s truly JUST AS A JOINT amazing what the right dose of terpenes and cannabinoids can do, and I SHOULD BE hope that this issue inspires you to think about Cannabis beyond getting SHARED TO BE high – and to explore how it can help your life or those of your loved ones. FULLY ENJOYED, Just as a joint should be shared to be fully enjoyed, so must be the information about how Cannabis helps improve lives. By now most of America knows that smoking weed isn’t really dangerous, and a lot of people have experienced the joy of picking out a strain at a dispensary and trying it legally.

SO MUST BE THE INFORMATION ABOUT HOW CANNABIS HELPS IMPROVE LIVES.

But what America and our global community need to wake up to is how many pills Cannabis can replace, and how many diseases, health issues and addiction problems can be solved with the plant that was once considered the most dangerous drug of all. But after all, the most dangerous part of Cannabis is the fact that it disrupts the pharmaceutical industry agenda, is safer than alcohol, and opens minds instead of clouding them. The scariest thing about the pay-for-play healthcare system in America is the idea that a plant grown in the backyard can replace half the medicine cabinet. Growing your own medicine and having access to it from trusted sources in medicinally oriented products is the epitome of health autonomy. We are all blessed to live in a time where Cannabis is once again leading the pharmacological movement towards natural, safer medicines. So the next time you smoke weed for a headache, use a topical for back pain or have a friend complaining about sleep issues, suggest a specialized Cannabis product or a strain that has helped you. That’s how we plant seeds of change and help the people we love to embrace the plant we can all benefit from!

-Wes Abney jan. 2022

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WES

IG: @treehawk.farms | W: treehawkfarms.com

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Photos and Design: This product has intoxicating effects and may be habit forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults twenty-one and older. Keep out of the reach of children. Marijuana products may be purchased or possessed only by persons 21 years of age or older.

cannabis NEWS

politics

nwlEAF.COM

CONGRESS LEAVES MARIJUANA BANKING IN THE LURCH

final effort on federal marijuana banking reform by including it in Congress’ military spending bill failed December 7, reports Forbes. Provisions allowing American Cannabis companies to do business with banks were left off a larger defense bill currently under discussion in both chambers of Congress. The SAFE Banking Act passed the House in September as part the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2022. The Senate won’t likely allow the measure back in the final NDAA, according to Bank of America securities analyst Lisa Lewandowski. Lewandowski, however, pointed out that the disconnect between federal and state marijuana laws cannot continue long-term. This is even more urgent due to the $18 billion in legal Cannabis spending last year and the growing marijuana market. “My work on this bill is far from over,” said Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-Colo.), who spearheaded efforts for the SAFE Banking Act. “Going forward, I plan to pursue every possible avenue to get SAFE Banking signed into law.”

jan. 2022

normalization

UTAH FIREFIGHTER SUES OVER FIRING

tah firefighter Levi Coleman alleges the Ogden City Fire Department unlawfully suspended him from duty for refusing to surrender his medical marijuana card, reports the Standard-Examiner. Coleman’s suit accuses the defendants of discriminating against a government employee in violation of the Utah Medical Cannabis Act. Coleman has been a firefighter and EMT with Ogden since 2011. He said he suffers from chronic back pain, which didn’t interfere with his duties. He got a medical marijuana recommendation and a Utah medical Cannabis card in June. The President of Professional Firefighters of Utah told the Salt Lake Tribune the union is assisting and representing Coleman because the city isn’t following state law. It’s unlawful in Utah for any company to take action against an employee simply for being a medical marijuana patient, unless the person is impaired on the job. “This firefighter is following state law,“ said Jack Tidrow, president of the Professional Firefighters of Utah. “The employer is not.”

EUROPE

TINY NATION OF MALTA GOES LEGAL

he parliament of Malta legalized Cannabis in early December. It makes the Mediterranean island country the first in the European Union to allow cultivation and possession of the herb, The Guardian reports. Malta enacted the new law by the weekend. Owen Bonnici, Malta’s minister for Equality, Research and Innovation, praised the decision. Possession of up to seven grams of marijuana will be legal for those 18 and above. Adults can grow up to four Cannabis plants. Those plants, however, must be hidden from public view. Adults are permitted to store up to 50 grams of dried herb. The law forbids public consumption of Cannabis, except for medical marijuana patients. Malta, the EU’s smallest member state, will probably be followed by other states across the EU in 2022, reports Baltic News Network.

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New York municipalities – 28% of the state’s total of 1,500 – have opted out of adult-use Cannabis sales.

square feet will be the size of top-tier Ohio Cannabis cultivation sites under a new law in the state legislature.

dollars in tax money could be added to Indiana’s coffers by legalizing marijuana, according to Indiana CANN.

STORIES by STEVE ELLIOTT, AUTHOR OF THE LITTLE BLACK BOOK OF MARIJUANA

NATURALLY GROWN IN LAKE STEVENS , WA PacificNWGrowers

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EXPERT OPINION

HEMP INDUSTRY

EAT YOUR HEMP! HEMP IS SOMEWHERE between exotic and mainstream. Exotic only because all too many think “hemp” is a synonym, or worse yet, a coverup for pot. It’s been three years since hemp was legalized by the federal government and yet confusion remains about the distinction between the two. The proliferation of CBD products in drugstores, grocery stores and other retail outlets means companies are making hemp based products and consumers are buying them. It’s on the shelf in front of you wherever you go.

PHOTO BY ADOBE

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

emp’s popularity is its biggest problem – thousands of farmers grew hemp for the CBD market. They grew too much and prices dropped through the floor. Many farmers and processors lost their shirts. Some hemp farmers gave up and didn’t grow hemp at all in 2021. There’s little reason that 2022 will be much different.

JAN. 2022

Jerry Whiting

Hemp grown for human consumption is a market American farmers have yet to cash in on. Right now the bulk of the hemp Americans eat or drink is grown in Canada – Manitoba to be exact. If we need to import what we eat, that points to a supply and demand imbalance American farmers can profit from. Growing hemp cultivars specifically for seeds, whether for hemp hearts or hemp oil, assumes there are food processors ready to make and sell hemp foods. Therein lies a potential chicken and the egg choke point: Farmers need to sell their crop to processors and processors need crops to make foods. The hemp food market is potentially HUGE. Plant based foods are hot. You don’t have to be vegetarian, let alone vegan, to enjoy a plant based burger – even one with bacon and cheese. Let’s talk about hemp milk. If hemp can be grown organically using regenerative techniques that use less water and sequester carbon, why oh why is almond milk the most popular plant milk? Almond cultivation is centered in California’s Central Valley. The almond plantations are responsible for dropping the water table in a state already wrestling with drought conditions. The bees brought to almond farms to pollinate the crop infect each other and contribute to bee colony collapse. In other words, the almond industry is far from sustainable. Hemp can be grown the right way, setting an example for conventional farmers. If we can grow hemp without excess chemicals, you can grow corn/wheat/soy and make money too. I humbly suggest there’s a way we can all make hemp food a profitable industry sooner rather than later. Buy hemp granola, There’s still a viable market for SPRINKLE HEMP SEEDS bread with hemp seeds and other hemp grown for the extraction ON YOUR SALAD, PIZZA, hemp foods. Buy hemp seeds to add to your market. CBD isn’t the only MAC AND CHEESE – cannabinoid the plant produces AND EVERYTHING ELSE morning oatmeal and homemade cookies. YOU CAN THINK OF. – CBG is beginning to receive Sprinkle hemp seeds on your salad, the attention it deserves, and like pizza, mac and cheese – and everything else CBD it also interacts with our endocannabinoid you can think of. system (ECS). Each and every time you go to a coffee The growing interest in CBG and other sohouse, ask if they have hemp milk. If they called minor cannabinoids will breathe life into do, buy it. If they don’t, start a conversation. the currently stagnate CBD market. Politely suggest that if they did, you’d buy it. The bigger and yet untapped hemp market Ask your Starbucks barista if they have is food. Not only is hemp edible, it’s incredibly hemp milk. Ask them often. Ask them at every healthy and can be made into literally hundreds Starbucks you go to. Lobby your sympathetic of different products. You may have seen or even friends and family members to do the same purchased dehulled hemp seeds (hemp hearts) or thing. If we knock on the door loud enough, hemp milk. Both can be found in grocery stores they’ll answer it. nationwide. Both belong in your kitchen.

COLUMN by JERRY WHITING for LEAF NATION // LeBlancCNE.com

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Marijuana products may be purchased or possessed only by persons 21 or older. This product has intoxicating effects and may be habit-forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination and judgment. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults 21 and older. Keep out of reach of children.

allen ginbserg

highly likely

THINKER AND ACTIVIST

Highly Likely highlights Cannabis pioneers who have paved the way to greater herbal acceptance.

KNOWN PRIMARILY FOR HIS INFLUENCE AND STATURE INSIDE THE BEAT MOVEMENT OF THE 1950S, Allen Ginsberg was one of the United States’ most celebrated and recognized writers and poets during the 20th century. His forward-thinking stances and philosophies on complex issues such as imperialism, capitalism, war and with it the War on Drugs – while radical at the time he railed against them – would be seen as a rational part of the progressive agenda today.

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

“His famed editorial – “The Great Marijuana Hoax” – appeared in the Atlantic magazine in 1966.”

jan. 2022

hen you read Ginsberg’s work (or watch him on video) you get a sense of an imbued spirituality underneath all of his endeavors. In fact, Ginsberg was a practicing Buddhist who was able to connect the dots between the needs of his spiritual practice and the need for change in the stifling cultural climate of the United States in the 1950s and ‘60s. 1950 was one of the most conservative periods in American society. Given that conservatism is an ideology rooted in fear (this is not an insult, it’s a proven fact – scientific studies show that people who are conservative in their ideology tend to be more fearful of the world around them) and the fears of the 1950s were rooted in racial, religious, economic and social concerns, ‘drugs’ that altered human consciousness became a hot topic for exploitation and misinformation in the conservativecontrolled mainstream media of the time. The War on Drugs had already begun, before it even had a name. When Ginsberg wrote of his first experiences using Cannabis, he talked extensively about his concerns of becoming a ‘dope fiend’ – but instead he found something beautiful and transcendent. He became an avid connoisseur of the plant and as a writer, Ginsberg had lot to say about Cannabis. His famed editorial – “The Great

Marijuana Hoax” – appeared in the Atlantic magazine in 1966. It’s a wonderful essay, one that is recommended reading for anyone who enjoys this plant – and is aware of the nearly 100 years of stigma that has been associated with it. As Ginsberg states: “The actual experience of the smoked herb has been clouded by a fog of dirty language perpetrated by a crowd of fakers who have not had the experience, and yet insist on downgrading it.” The article presents an easy-toread and even easier-to-understand rationale for why Cannabis intolerance was one of the many attributes of a sick society. Yet, it would still be almost 50 years before it was semi-legal in some states of the U.S. Ginsberg continued, for much of his life, to be an advocate for Cannabis. Whether it was writing the infamous Harry Anslinger (the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics) to shame him for his deeds, or to pose in public with a “Pot is Fun” billboard around his neck, he was always trying to get in front of the collective zeitgeist with something for the public to think about. There is, of course, much, much more to this story than can be contained in this short article, dear reader. But that’s why this column exists: If your attention is captured by the life of Allen Ginsberg – delve a little deeper. I think you’ll be happy and rewarded for what you’ll find.

STORY by PACER STACKTRAIN for LEAF NATION

Tap in this season

The app to spark the cannabis spirit

interview

W H O ’ S Y O U R FAV O R I T E B U D T E N D E R ? T E L L U S W H Y ! E M A I L N O M I N A T I O N S T O R I C K E R @ L E A F M A G A Z I N E S . C O M

He’s a brilliant macro-photographer who showcases his amazing images on his Instagram. Also an accomplished saxophonist who’s been playing for 27 years, David sees budtending similar to the freeform of playing jazz music when it comes to recommending the best products from behind the counter. Follow him @full_cookies YOU’VE BEEN BUDTENDING FOR SIX YEARS NOW, SO THIS NOTORIETY IS WELL-DESERVED! Yes,

I enjoy the front-facing customer role. Helping people get the right product is important to me. YOU SEEM TO HAVE AN INTUITIVE LOVE FOR THE MEDICAL SIDE OF CANNABIS. I’m intuitive

to the educational aspect. I think our jobs as budtenders are to help remove the stigma around the plant by helping people understand that Cannabis is different for each person. I believe that buying Cannabis should be more like buying fine wine – just like a sommelier learns your taste in wine, your budtender should learn your taste in Cannabis. WE BOTH KNOW THAT THE STIGMA IS A GLACIER THAT IS GOING TO SLOWLY MELT WITH TIME. HOW MUCH OF THAT STIGMA DO YOU STILL SEE COMING IN THROUGH THE DOORS OF THE BEAUTIFUL LUX? Every day. It’s

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

a continuing conversation we’re going to have to have for a long time, as you mentioned. There’s no traditional documentation that explains the scientific aspect of Cannabis well – there’s still just the word of mouth of the living history of pot. It’s an uphill battle and one I love to do every day. There are sativas that aren’t going to make you anxious, there are indicas that will be relaxing without throttling you. It’s simple, there are different types of highs within those categories. Once you start breaking down the differences, people begin to understand that the plant is multifaceted.

"ONCE YOU START BREAKING DOWN THE DIFFERENCES, PEOPLE BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND THAT THE PLANT IS MULTI-FACETED.”

LUX POT SHOP

4912 17TH AVE NW SEATTLE, WA LUXPOTSHOP.COM @LUX_SEATTLE

JAN. 2022

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A GOOD BUDTENDER AND A GREAT BUDTENDER? One of

David Clare NORTHWEST LEAF BUDTENDER OF THE MONTH

the things that a lot of budtenders don’t do is look directly at the customer when they are making suggestions. That’s the big tell. If I’m describing something to a person and I get an eye roll, or I’m not being engaged upon with eye contact, then I know that’s probably not the strain they’re looking for due to my description. It’s easy to get distracted in the shop, but the customer must come first. They are the ones paying the bills. IF YOU COULD SMOKE A JOINT WITH ANY MUSICIAN, WHO WOULD BE THE LUCKY PLAYER?

Dave Brubeck. ‘Time Out’ is one of my favorite jazz albums of all time. Most jazz is written in 4/4 but all his are written in different time signatures. For instance, the famous song ‘Take Five’ is written in 5/4, so there’s five beats per measure as opposed to four. And ‘Blue Rondo a la Turk,’ the first song on the album, is written in 6/8 – typically a time signature that most jazz composers stay away from, but Brubeck proved it can be done.

INTERVIEW by MIKE RICKER @RICKERDJ PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS

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This operation has grown like a weed! Originally coming to fruition in 2014 with the first store in North Renton, you now have this fifth installment as they’re always looking to continue the outreach to provide quality products in a cozy setting. Enjoying a beautiful life is paramount for owner Eric Gaston and that is what he imparts to his operation. The dude is into fine wine, art, and a high-end shop that reflects his personal tastes. And to build an empire, you’ve got to promote from within – so moving loyal staff up the ladder is why you’ll see familiar faces year after year.

Joints

FROM TRASH TO TREASURE

MFused Techniq Pineapple Treat Nowa

The location where this operation currently resides is potentially the most coveted real estate for a Cannabis retail shop in King County. And it made sense for this enterprise to occupy that space with a better attitude and with more positive energy than the previous tenant. Bringing an indigenous atmosphere to Bellevue right along the I-405 was key for the residents of the east side. And to have a culturally established company like this makes acquiring your favorite flower even more enjoyable.

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Pacific Northwest pride is real, and it’s exemplified in the smooth rendering of varieties of wood that create a flow of an elegant cabin dwelling under the canopy of a pristine forest. With class and dignity imbued, laid back tunes settle the boutique mood into the background, inducing a trustworthy presence for foraging through the many delightful options. Vintage pot lights (pun intended) and staggered shelves make for easy viewing while charm and warmth induce a tendency to linger, which will only relinquish to your desire to sample your bounty as quickly as possible.

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STORY by MIKE RICKER @RICKERDJ/NORTHWEST LEAF | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS

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PEANUT BUTTE

jan. 2022

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE STRAIN OF THE MONTH

GROWN BY

MATRIARCH PREMIUM CANNABIS

ER BREATH GOMATRIARCH.COM | @GOMATRIARCH | 27.5% THC

REVIEW by WES ABNEY @BEARDEDLORAX | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS

FROSTIER THAN A CAR WINDOW ON AN EARLY PNW MORNING, THIS BEAUTIFUL PURPLE HUED FLOWER IS A LIP SMACKER WORTHY OF THE NAME PEANUT BUTTER BREATH. No matter where you sit on actual peanut butter (we’re with Reese’s, not sorry), you’ll want to spread this flower all over your lungs for a stoney treat this winter. Created by ThugPug Genetics, they combined DoSiDos with Gage Green Genetics’ Mendo Breath F2 in a breeding masterpiece that has all the elements of top shelf Cannabis. Grown by Matriarch Premium Cannabis, this new to Washington brand brings the fire with their presentation of this tasty cut. Starting with bag appeal, this flower looks tasty enough to eat and is covered in frosty crystals that complement purple tips and a thicket of red hairs. Opening the mylar allows a thick, sour-earthy aroma to ooze into the nostrils, lingering on the palate with a distinctly nutty Kush aroma and a delicate hint of citrus-fuel. Complex and unique, this savory gassy profile heightens upon breaking up the dense and sticky nuggets. Solid bud structure meets a perfect cure that retains a pleasant stickiness – like old school, delicious Cannabis that’s been grown with love from start to finish. Perfect for slow smoking bowls or thick, resiny blunts, we loaded a fat bowl into our trusty Leaf bong and sat down for a midday snack that was delightfully calorie free despite the culinary name. The Peanut Butter Breath burns smooth and clean, forming white ash as the flower turns to smoke and coats the lungs in a thick layer of stoniness, building from the chest outwards. Sweet and earthy on inhale, the smoke exits with barely a cough – but also lingers with a sour-fuellyearthiness on the palate as the effects begin lifting the mind higher above the body. After several tokes we felt our breath slow, our heart rate drop, and waves of calming euphoria take hold in a floaty head high that pairs perfectly with a pain free, tingly body. Sedating, but in a happy way, we found this strain to be stoney and almost overwhelming for daytime use – especially if your plans include more than streaming TV and ordering food for delivery. But just like the nutty butter this strain is named for, the Peanut Butter Breath can go with any situation or any time that calls for a stoney sesh, no crusts required.

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

MENTAL POWERS It wasn’t so long ago that our televisions were clogged with public service announcements warning us that Cannabis consumption was akin to tossing one’s mind into a frying pan and letting it sizzle. While today we know that such crude analogies are not, in fact, an accurate representation of “your brain on drugs,” we are still woefully under informed when it comes to understanding the role of Cannabis in the mental health of humans. From success stories of military veterans using Cannabis to alleviate symptoms of PTSD to concerns over potential changes in the brain chemistry of underage consumers, to say the situation is complex would be a massive understatement.

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eyond the vast array of different ways in which Cannabis and mental health can and should be studied, there’s also the underlying issue of the plant’s continued status as a Class I controlled substance. In stark contrast to the wealth of ongoing research being conducted in countries like Canada and Israel, the fact that Cannabis remains federally illegal in the U.S. means efforts to study its medical efficacy on all fronts are extremely limited. As the COO and co-founder of NorCal’s Santa Cruz Veterans Alliance (SCVA), Newsom had a first-row seat to witness the benefits Cannabis can provide to veterans suffering from PTSD and other related conditions. In addition to serving the SCVA’s mission, Newsom also believes it’s incumbent on organizations like his own to not only call for needed research, but to spearhead such efforts too, wherever possible. “We try as hard as we can to do as much research as possible,” Newsom said. “But there’s not much that can be done while the plant still falls under a Schedule I drug classification.” Despite this massive barrier, Newsom says the SCVA continues to do whatever it can. Back in 2016, for instance, Stanford University and the VA conducted a study utilizing both the SCVA’s Cannabis and veteran populace. “They did a seven or eight month study with questionnaires and Fitbit tests,” Newsom noted. “They looked at all their sleeping habits and everything like that – and that was a peer-reviewed study that was published a few years back.” Unfortunately, such studies remain a rarity, even now. As a result, Newsom can only offer his anecdotal observations when it comes to the overall possible value of Cannabis as a net positive for veterans wishing to treat symptoms of PTSD. Of all the contenders, it’s issues with sleep and pain, Newsom believes, where Cannabis probably makes the biggest impact. “I think most people in the veteran community, specifically, are using it to help with sleep regulation and pain management,” he said. “One of

JAN. 2022

the big effects of PTSD is reduced sleep, as well as why some didn’t – should be part of that process.” high anxiety, hyper-vigilance, stress and depresCase in point: The topic of Cannabis and sion. All of those are things that can hinder sleep mental health leads to a lot of talk of promise, and we’ve seen that just being able to get proper and a healthy dose of frustration over the fact that rest can really make a big difference.” everything must still be cloaked in caveats until The ability of Cannabis to aid in sleep, which in more research is allowed and completed. turn leads to improved mental health, is but one Asked about the topic, Draisin agrees that of the endless fibers in this utterly massive heap research is of vital importance. of fascinating, if staggering, fabric. A distinctly “There is so much more research that is different thread can be found in the work of Dr. needed,” Draisin explained. “More information Alison Draisin, who practices Cannabis-assisted is needed. More protocols are needed. I still psychotherapy at Seattle’s AIMS Institute. feel like doctors and nurses don’t know enough Though she can appreciate why many may about Cannabis and the myriad uses it can have. assume the concept of Cannabis-assisted psychoOftentimes, without the proper knowledge and therapy is an extension of the understanding that education, I think that medical professionals don’t sitting on one’s couch and smoking weed makes always turn to Cannabis first. They turn towards them feel comfortable, pharmacology.” her approach and The same interest lies elsewhere. could be said for “In a therapy Newsom, who also situation,” Draisin underscored that explained, “I want the value of Canthe client to become nabis as a tool in anxious. I want clients promoting mental to have a shift, so then health is directly I can explore what’s tied to what legal really going on behind access we have to that anxiety. Some the plant. people will say they “It’s a human can’t use Cannabis rights issue,” because it makes them Newsom said. “We paranoid or anxious, need to have the but I actually like to put right to heal with - D R . A LI S O N D R A IS IN | S E AT T L E A I M S I N ST I T U T E clients in that state of whatever means anxiety, so that we can we deem fit for our explore what’s causing it and what’s coming up own personal healing journeys. Whatever is going for them.” to make us happier, you shouldn’t have to ask As part of the process, Draisin stresses that fopermission for it.” cusing in on specific Cannabis cultivars (or strains) There’s arguably nothing more important than a is, in her belief, of vital importance. healthy mind, so let us hope that greater oppor“If you’re going to do Cannabis-assisted psytunities to fully understand and better empower chotherapy, you should also be talking to your consumers on the subject of Cannabis and mental client about Cannabis. I firmly believe that looking wellbeing arrive shortly. This is one brain teaser at different cultivars with a client – why some work, which is long overdue for an answer sheet.

“There is so much more research that is needed. More information is needed. More protocols are needed. I still feel like doctors and nurses don’t know enough about Cannabis and the myriad uses it can have.”

H e a r D r. A l i s on D ra i s on on T h e Leaf Li fe Podcast S h ow #111 Psych edel i c Medi cin e.

“We need to have the right to heal with whatever means we deem fit for our own personal healing journeys. Whatever is going to make us happier, you shouldn’t have to ask permission for it.” -A A R O N NE WS O M , SA NTA C R U Z V E TE R A NS A L L I A NC E

STORY by ZACK RUSKIN @ZACK.RUSKIN for LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

NATURAL BEAUTY When it comes to the hippest beauty trends, Cannabis is an essential ingredient. Face serums, eye creams and lubricants of all kinds are changing what we think we know about beauty. This new wave of plant-forward products has brought with it insightful revelations, where beauty, self-care and Mother Nature are all intertwined.

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JAN. 2022

spoke with industry leaders to understand what makes us feel beautiful, and how Cannabis is connected to that narrative. While these founders’ products vary, their experiences tell a similar story: Beauty is a feeling rather than an outward expression, which is the opposite of what most have been conditioned to believe. “Healthy is beautiful,” shared Kim Howard, COO of Green Bee Botanicals. “Freckles are beautiful. Skin as dark as night is beautiful. A crooked nose is beautiful. Kindness and generosity are beautiful. Running a marathon at 346 pounds is beautiful.” Liquid Flower, a woman/veteran owned California legacy brand, shared with us even more wise words on the topic, from their founder Claire Steele. “Beauty is multifaceted, but overall, a balance between body, mind and soul,” she said. ”When you’re achieving this balance, it allows you to see beauty all around.” Known for their herb-infused bath salts, Founder and CEO of Om Edibles Maya Elisabeth, shared yet another take. “Beauty is feeling amazing in your skin, accepting all parts of ourselves, having beautiful thoughts and using beautiful words.”

HIGH STANDARDS

Beauty is a feeling rather than an outward expression, which is the opposite of what most have been conditioned to believe.

A quick search for Cannabis beauty products reveals a near-endless list of products with little data confirming their claims. What we do know is this: Regulated Cannabis products are subject to rigorous testing, meaning the product is safer than the random brand purchased online. Green Bee, best known for their serums and eye cream, is passionate about maintaining quality ingredients in their hemp and Cannabis lines. “We learned information that shocked us about mainstream cosmetics and how often they’re contaminated with lead, arsenic, harmful pesticides, etc.,” said Founder and CEO, former analytical chemist and lifelong botanist Bridget May. “Sometimes they don’t even contain CBD. Find a brand that shares COAs proving both potency and purity, and preferably find brands using whole plant extracts, not isolate.” Here we find health standards within the Cannabis community continuing to have broad implications for the beauty industry as a whole. “Cannabis is bringing wellness to the beauty industry,” said Gretchen Miller of Humboldt-based Kiskanu. “I believe the standards applied to clean Cannabis will roll over to the beauty industry.”

SOOTHING YOUR SKIN

Quim’s Cyo Nordstrom added, “Studies suggest cannabinoids are good at fighting inflammation. This is good news in skin care, because inflammation is behind common skin complaints that manifest as itchy, flaking skin.” “The use of topical anti-inflammatory ingredients can help with acne, psoriasis, eczema and premature aging of the skin caused by environmental pollution and the sun,” said May from Green Bee. “It all goes back to the endocannabinoid system. Scientific papers show that cannabinoids, including THC, CBD, CBG and others, are being used to treat a variety of skin conditions.” One important fact to mention: Applying THC to the skin will not have a psychoactive effect. While some products are intended to be transdermal, most topicals will not absorb into the bloodstream – a great option for those averse to other forms of Cannabis consumption.

Industry experts have seen staggering success using Cannabis and hemp compounds to heal dermatological ailments like psoriasis, eczema, acne, aging and more. With their line of face and intimacy oils, Kiskanu is intentional about what goes into their products. “The skin is the largest organ of the human body,” Miller shared. “Full of receptors ready to receive and absorb cannabinoids.”

FIGHTING AGING

According to the experts, Cannabis supports aging from all directions. “Antioxidants cancel free radicals which cause illness and wrinkles,” said Elisabeth of OM. “They literally heal telomeres as they begin to oxidize, which translates to supple, firm skin.” “CBD and other cannabinoids have been shown to improve circulation,” Miller of Kiskanu told Leaf. “Cannabis soothes the nervous system. Many people experience pain relief and can thus sleep better, allowing the body to rest and repair.” “The direct anti-aging benefits that Cannabis infused products have on skin include inflammation/fine line reduction, evening of skin tone and help with irritations,’’ said Steele of Liquid Flower. “Consuming Cannabis connects me to my body. As a result, I am more aware of areas where I can improve my health and wellbeing, such as exercising, hydrating, stretching, eating well and sticking to a selfcare routine.” Skincare is just a drop in the bucket of benefits that Cannabis has on beauty, self-love and overall wellness. Whether it be aging or internal beauty struggles, the sky is truly the limit. Elisabeth from Om believes you don’t need to be sick or injured to enjoy self-love. “Being a human calls for radical self-care that we must take on ourselves. I find answers in medicinal plants and herbs. A healthy mind equals a healthy body, which always translates to beauty, vibes and energy.” “I’ve seen firsthand the results Cannabis products can have compared to traditional products, it’s nothing short of magic,” Steele of Liquid Flower said. “Cannabis beauty is here, it has a ways to go since most people aren’t headed to dispensaries for beauty, but one day they will and it’s going to be great.”

STORY by ALEXA JESSE @ALEXAJESSE/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

HEALTH FOR HER

The connection between Cannabis and women’s health dates back as far as Ancient Mesopotamia. Used in conjunction with herbs and beer, Cannabis was believed to relieve pain from menstruation and assist with easing difficult childbirth. Its usage continued in pharaonic Egypt, with Cannabis being imbibed orally, rectally, vaginally and topically. In fact, according to preeminent global medical Cannabis expert Dr. Ethan Russo, there is evidence to suggest that many of the world’s civilizations have employed medical Cannabis to treat women’s ailments. Nevertheless, modern medicine has eschewed female Cannabis use.

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“W

hen I began researching medical Cannabis 25 years ago, I was struck by the frequency of citations to these kinds of gynecological issues in the old literature. [Cannabis] was absolutely a mainstream treatment in the 19th century and among the most common reasons that anyone could use Cannabis. So, I was finding that there was a severe mismatch about what had been done historically versus current attitudes about the issue,” explained Dr. Russo during a recent phone interview. What Dr. Russo’s research unveiled is something many women have experienced firsthand: the prioritization of potential pregnancy and successful childbirth over the health and wellness of would-be mothers. “Women’s medicine comes near the bottom of the list in terms of priorities and research, unfortunately. And then there’s still this prevalent attitude that Cannabis is dangerous to women of childbearing age and can inhibit pregnancy, when in fact, that’s not the case,” explained Dr. Russo. “The National Institute on Drug Abuse has spent the last 40 years trying to document the ills of Cannabis use when [the evidence] isn’t there.” To better understand the implications of the medical community turning its back on medicinal Cannabis for women’s health, let’s look at the case of endometriosis – a painful disorder characterized by abnormal tissue growth outside of the uterus.

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Endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, regardless of their ethnic and social background. Unfortunately, without adequate medical care, many remain undiagnosed and untreated. Endometriosis.org reports that on average, it takes 6.7 years of symptoms for patients ages 18–45 to be diagnosed with the often debilitating illness. Contemporary treatments for endometriosis focus on symptom relief and include exploratory surgery, hormonal treatment to suppress and delay the recurrence and progression of the disease, and opioids for pain management. However, at least 50% of patients experience a recurrence of symptoms and tissue regrowth post-surgery. The result is chronic pain and, in many cases, infertility. “When you start looking at quality of life issues and the economic impact of this kind of disorder, it’s astounding,” said Dr. Russo. Despite a lack of support from many in the medical community, some researchers, like Australia’s Justin Sinclair, are paving the way for medical Cannabis. A research fellow and Ph.D. student at NICM Health Research Institute at Western Sydney University, Sinclair’s research focuses specifically on the use of Cannabis to treat, not mask, the symptoms of endometriosis. Sinclair’s research has found that the uterus contains very high amounts of anandamide, the first endocannabinoid to be discovered. The density of cannabinoid receptors within the uterus makes the organ significantly more responsive to Cannabis compounds.

Colorado-based Foria Wellness is currently one of the only commercial companies manufacturing Cannabis products specifically for women. Among the company’s most popular products are the Relief Suppositories with CBD. Customers rave about the product’s ability to relieve menstrual cramps, painful sex and endometriosis symptoms.

“IT’S

one of those things that pharmacists or, in many instances, some doctors, would call a ‘dirty drug’ because it can actually target so many different receptors at once. I would argue that’s the strength of Cannabis and why so many people are using it, not just for endometriosis, but so many other things – because it can tackle pain, all the way through to a lot of the comorbid symptoms that come with chronic illness,” explained Sinclair on a December 12, 2021 podcast with CBD Padrino in Australia. Dr. Russo concurs with Sinclair’s findings and believes that Cannabis could be one of the keys to curing endometriosis. “I think that with the right combination of Cannabis components – in other words, a preparation that has the right ingredients – that a

very good approach could be available to treating [endometriosis]. Certainly, there’s a crying need out there for development,” said Dr. Russo. Colorado-based Foria Wellness is currently one of the only commercial companies manufacturing Cannabis products specifically for women. Among the company’s most popular products are the Relief Suppositories with CBD. Customers rave about the product’s ability to relieve menstrual cramps, painful sex, and yes, even endometriosis symptoms. Still, the use of Cannabis to treat women’s health has a long way to go. “I think it would take a group of women with a lot of money to fund the effort if things are going to change,” said Dr. Russo with a sigh. “It’s just not going to be coming from the government here.”

STORY by O’HARA SHIPE @SHIPESHOTS/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

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TOKE N’ POKE There’s an ever-emerging, wide, new world of Cannabis tinctures and oils designed for use during sex. Typically, these products are referred to as lubricants, but their main function really lies elsewhere. It’s more about increasing sensation, stimulating natural vaginal lubrication and masking pain, rather than providing a little extra slip and slide.

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entry to the category was with Foria’s Pleasure oil, which contains THC. From there, I tried different oils/lubes made by Quim, Velvet Swing, Kush Queen, Her Highness, Toca and eventually, María Magdalena. Most of them contained THC, some were CBD-only. All give instructions to use generously over the vaginal lips, labia, clitoris and general vaginal area. It is also recommended, though not necessarily officially, to use inside the vagina, as well. But why is Cannabis, specifically THC, good for enhancing sexual pleasure? Why add it to sex at all? It’s a good question. Lindsay Wynn, the San Diego-based co-founder of Cannabis sexual wellness companies Oshihana and Momotaro Apotheca, explains that, first and foremost, THC is a vasodilator. That means it widens blood vessels, which allows for greater blood flow and, therefore, sensation. When a sex organ is aroused it receives a rush of blood. THC as a vasodilator also shows up elsewhere in the body – it’s why people’s eyes become bloodshot after smoking.

Using Cannabis lube is also a great way to introduce new things into the bedroom.

There are also CBD-only sex oils on the market. Some people swear by their efficacy, however, I personally think they’re mainly effective in dulling pain and little else, and experts agree. That isn’t a small deal, however: According to statistics from the American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, 75% of women experience pain during sex at some point in their life. Anecdotally, I know heterosexual women who have to focus on other sex acts, apart from penetrative sex, because their vaginal and uterine pain is too much to handle. If this sounds familiar, CBD sex oils and suppositories are a good place to start. But if arousal and increased sensation is the deal, regardless of what kind of sex one is having with whichever parts, the focus is going to be on products featuring THC. Wynn has advice for those looking to figure out which products are worth it, versus those that are just jumping on the stoned sex bandwagon. “Buyers should do their own research to compare and contrast different products – how many milligrams of CBD or THC is in the products?” she suggests. This is an excellent point, as many manufacturers don’t even list dosage on their website or on the package. In general, there’s a dosing sweet spot that the best companies have determined for their own formulas, which include both THC and CBD, and are usually at higher milligrams. This will also mean the price is higher, but it’s worth it because a low dose is essentially ineffective. “You also need to examine which cannabinoid

the company is claiming is in there – what are they claiming it is doing? You have to consider what part of the body you’re applying to, if it’s a mucous membrane or not. Usually, [Cannabis sex oil] companies are claiming increased sensation,” Wynn explains. I get asked all the time if these oils work or not. Personally, I skip the CBD lubes. I know they work wonders for people with pain issues, but since I’m mainly looking for arousal, I think manufacturers claiming CBD sex oils work for arousal are peddling in snake oil. Wynn says she agrees. When it comes to THC, though, the results are all over the board. Part of this is due to active ingredients. Foria’s oils, for example, contain peppermint oil. Many others do, too, among other things. Obviously, if you slather that all over your genitals, it’s going to tingle right away – but many users wrongly attribute these feelings to weed. The trick is to apply it 30 minutes in advance of when one is actively trying to reach orgasm, which gives it enough time to absorb into the bloodstream and activate. And, to answer one of the most commonly asked questions on the topic: Yes, it is technically possible to get super stoned from using THC-loaded lube, though it is admittedly hard to do so. Wynn says that one would have to use quite a lot and specifically inside the vagina. The dosing also has to be high enough so there’s enough bioavailability for THC to be absorbed into the bloodstream at levels that produce an intoxicating effect. When used solely on outside vaginal tissue or other parts of the body (excepting the mouth and anus), a user won’t get high off of it.

THC is a vasodilator. That means it widens blood vessels, which allows for greater blood flow and therefore, sensation.

Both Wynn and I agree that the mental aspect is another benefit to using these oils. Rituals, in particular, are important and often overlooked parts of sex. Rituals are also important in Cannabis culture, like with rolling a joint or preparing a bowl. Wynn says that the focus of the oils in her line is not just for in-the-moment sexual enhancement, but a vital part of pre and post-care, too. “A sex ritual can include everything from, like, getting ready and shaving your legs to smoking a joint. Everybody has these different things,” Wynn says, explaining that Cannabis has a ton of psychosomatic effects. “For example, that feeling of, ‘I need to go home. I need to smoke a joint. Chill the fuck out.’ And whether it’s the joint or the ritual, it’s probably a combination of those things that make you feel good,” says Wynn. “That’s what we’re responding to as humans. And I definitely think there’s an aspect to that within topical oils as well. You can apply Cannabis lube and just have it be another action, or you can make it part of an intimate ritual.” Using Cannabis lube is also a great way to introduce new things into the bedroom. Wynn thinks that because using a Cannabis lube is similar in practice to using a non-medicated lube, it can be a less intimidating way to spice up a routine. “It’s not, like, a toy or a ball gag or whatever it may be that you’re into. I think there’s a lower barrier to entry here. It expands the conversation,” she says. Part of that expansion is that the conversation around Cannabis sex oils inherently revolves around vaginas and vulvas. After all, it’s the vagina’s mucous membrane that’s absorbing the oil and feeling the physical effects. This is particularly fascinating and exciting because up until recently, the mainstream dialogue about sex and pleasure was focused on heterosexual sex and, specifically, the man’s role and pleasure during it. The conversation has shifted, and weed can be thanked for that. Once again, Cannabis is leading the way to change.

STORY by JACKIE BRYANT @JACQBRY for LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE leafmagazines.com

SPORTING GREEN

In his 20-year professional career, motocross rider Josh Hansen has won gold medals for Best Whip in Moto X at the Summer X Games and back-to-back gold medals at X Games 14 and X Games 15 in Los Angeles. But medals aren’t the only thing Hansen will take away from his storied career – he will also face the consequences of a slew of brutal injuries including broken limbs, separated shoulders, concussions and perforated intestines. “Motocross is just like that. You see your friends die, and people end up paralyzed and stuff. It kind of fucks with you after a little bit,” said Hansen with a shrug. JAN. 2022

Of course, non-narcotic pain relief is only one way Cannabis can change the narrative of sports and substance abuse.

owever, when Hansen rattles off the mind-blowing list of injuries he’s suffered, he doesn’t talk about the proverbial elephant in the room – pain management. Currently, Cannabis and cannabinoids are banned substances by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which oversees professional and Olympic-level sports. To maintain perceived fairness, WADA conducts random urine tests both during competition and in the off-season. Therefore, if athletes test positive for THC outside of competition, they will not automatically be sanctioned. However, testing positive at any point in their career means they will likely get selected for a future test. As the world saw with Sha’Carri Richardson, a positive test for Cannabis can have devastating effects. “It’s kind of crazy because Cannabis can cost you corporate sponsorships. You can end up with fines. You can even be kicked out of leagues and banned from competitions,” Motocross rider Josh Hansen hopes for a more tolerant future. explained Hansen. The converse is not true of opioids. Though studies about opioid use in athletes are still When pro skateboarder Ryan Reyes tore his ACL in a in their infancy, reports by the National Institutes of fluke accident in 2014, he turned to Cannabis to help Health suggest that 52% of professional football playcope with the emotional trauma of the injury. ers have self-reported using opioids during their career. “I’ve had anxiety and depression for a long time, so, Of that 52%, as much as 71% have misused opioids. like, getting hurt meant I had a lot of time in bed to just And that number is likely to be a low estimate. think,” he said. “You get stuck in your head, and it’s According to a 2015 class-action lawsuit filed by not a good place to be in. Cannabis helped ease the former players against the NFL, the league had a susanxiety of being lost in my thoughts all day. It helped me tained drug culture that promoted keeping athletes on manage the mental grief of what I was experiencing.” the field no matter the cost. The key, Reyes explained, was imbibing Cannabis To put it in perspective, in 2012, on average, each with intention. team was prescribed 5,777 doses of anti-inflamma“I grew up in a family where everyone smoked – I tories and 2,270 doses of narcotics. Or roughly 150 never really did because my parents did. You know, it doses of drugs per player each year. wasn’t cool to do what your parents did. But with my The sad consequence is a slew of untimely deaths knee, I didn’t want to rely on traditional medications. and addiction that touches every sport. I turned to Cannabis with the intention of finding the Derek Boogaard, a former hockey player for the right dose to fulfill my intentions of relieving anxiety and Minnesota Wild and New York Rangers, focusing on healing faster,” explained Reyes. overdosed in 2011 due to a mix of alcohol Athletes aren’t the only ones fighting for the de-stigand oxycodone at 28 years old. Thoroughmatization of Cannabis in sports. Cannabis companies bred horse racing jockey, Michael Carl like Slim’s Top Shelf, Hytiva, Aurora Cannabis and Baze, died of a cocaine and oxymorphone Medterra have begun sponsoring athletes, competioverdose at 24. Professional wrestler Umtions and even playing fields. California-native Flav aga was found unresponsive in his home has even sponsored the High Rollers BJJ Tournament. and later passed at the hospital. The toxiA Cannabis-infused Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament, High cology report revealed he had overdosed Rollers has fighters smoke Cannabis before competing on hydrocodone (a painkiller), carisoprodol to win a pound of high-grade marijuana. (Soma, a muscle relaxant) and diazepam Wide acceptance of Cannabis use in sports might (Valium). He was 36 years old. still be years away, but athletes like Reyes and Hansen “In my mind, it’s just really ass-backare hopeful for the future. ward. Here there is a natural way to treat “It sucks not being able to make up your own rules pain that means you’re not having to pop to keep yourself safe and healthy. But the more investpills. But every time you go to the hospital, ment Cannabis companies can make into sports – I they give you a script for painkillers right think the better things will be,” said Hansen. “It will away. I guess it’s just the world we live in – kind of take some of the gray areas out of using Caneven if it is messed up,” said Hansen. nabis, and that’s a really good thing.”

Slim’s Top Shelf sponsors Skateboarder Ryan Reyes. STORY by O’HARA SHIPE @SHIPESHOTS/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

AIR BUD

Anyone who has entered into my orbit, whether online or in person, knows I have a dog. He is, at this point, a three-year-old, 17-pound dachshund named Romeo and for the most part, he is perfect (just check my Instagram). He loves people, kids and other dogs, and is generally sweet and a good learner, too. Unfortunately, he loves me and other people a little bit too much. We have been having separation issues since he was a puppy, which for Romeo means he barks when left alone. It is sad and stressful for him, me and all of my neighbors, and the fact that his humans have been around him non-stop during Covid has been wonderful, but less great for tackling his separation anxiety and barking.

I’M

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Why I Insist On Giving My Dog Cannabidiol

one of those intense dog humans who likes to think we’re living with our pets rather than lording over them, so in general, I’m loath to correct normal dog behaviors. But I also hate being an inconsiderate jerk, and excessive barking isn’t good for anyone involved, whether canine or human. More structure in training was a given. Increasing Romeo’s exercise regimen also took top priority, so he could work off any excess energy. I also decided to include cannabidiol (CBD) in his daily regimen, something that the American Kennel Club, countless veterinarians and many others heartily endorse. Dogs have the same endocannabinoid system that humans do, so if one understands how CBD can affect humans, it’s a short leap to understanding how it can also help our furry friends. Research on the endocannabinoid system is always evolving, but basically, it’s the bodily system responsible for homeostasis, or regulation, and both mammals and humans possess one. It is intertwined with all physiological aspects of our bodies, and plays a role in regulating things like appetite, metabolism, sleep, pain, mood, memory, movement, inflammation and reproduction, to name a few. Though I’ve had marketers trying to sell me on CBD bath bombs for dogs (no, thank you), I settled on tinctures and treats, which are the two best and most popular ways to administer the compound to animals. Overall, I favor tinctures, because they enter the bloodstream faster and skip the digestive process – meaning the resulting dose will be more potent and therefore more therapeutic.

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“CBD is estimated to have over 40 different receptors, or cellular targets, in both human and animal bodies, and in fact has little affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, the major receptors of the endocannabinoid system,” said Tim Shu, veterinarian and CEO of VET CBD, which makes CBD products for pets. Shu said that to help people understand the most common medical uses of Cannabis, he came up with an acronym: PAINS. “It stands for Pain, Anxiety, Inflammation, Nausea and appetite loss, and Seizures,” Shu said. Shu explained how CBD helps with anxiety. “CBD activates 5HT1A receptors, which are also known as serotonin receptors. Activation of these receptors helps relieve anxiety and makes us feel good. CBD also inhibits enzymes known as fatty acid binding proteins, or FABPs. It’s thought that inhibition of these enzymes leads to increased circulating levels of anandamide, one of our bodies’ own endocannabinoids responsible for alleviating stress and anxiety,” he said. “The mechanisms of action for other conditions like seizure control act on entirely different receptors and cells.”

Overall, Shu says that, as I suspected, oral use is better for “systemic conditions,” like dog anxiety, and topical for localized skin issues. When it comes to pet CBD, just like with humans, proper sourcing and dosing to achieve the aforementioned effects is crucial. It’s widely believed and agreed upon that Cannabis-derived is better than hemp-derived when it comes to human medicines, and with pets it’s the same. However, THC use in dogs freaks me out. I have definitely walked in on Romeo munching on an edible before, which was dosed for humans and sent him on a wild ride for a few days after that. It’s not an experience I’d ever like to repeat, so, again, dosing is crucial here and it’s why pet owners should only purchase CBD products – even those that are hemp-derived, that are formulated specifically for pets. “The amount of THC in pet-focused cannabinoid products is more beneficial because of the synergistic effects of multiple cannabinoids acting in conjunction to yield greater

Much like with human Cannabis access, there’s still a long road ahead for mainstream acceptance of therapeutic Cannabis use for pets.

therapeutic effects – the ‘entourage effect’ of full spectrum products,” Shu said, advocating for the presence of some THC that would be found in full-spectrum CBD. “Additionally, THC does have medical properties, and pets are able to benefit from it without getting high when used appropriately in the right dose and formulation,” Shu said, assuaging my fears. “THC can be used for appetite stimulation and nausea, inflammation and pain. It’s gotten a bad rep over the years because people only see what happens when pets get into their owners’ THC stash, which is selection bias.” Overall, Romeo’s separation anxiety treatment has been a smash hit. I know that training and exercise have had a huge impact on his behavior, but it’s also clear to me that the introduction of CBD has made a significant difference. Rather than appearing drugged or lethargic (CBD is non-intoxicating), instead it seems like CBD appropriately relaxes Romeo. It allows him to focus on the task or moment at hand, which in turn means that training is easier and more successful. Being happy and in-the-moment is a dog’s natural state.

They’re not supposed to ered over three decades ago, Many veterinarians are be worrying about the past and medical schools aren’t not CBD-friendly, so or the future, which is why teaching anything about it.” dog anxiety is considered a would-be pet caregivers Shu adds that he thinks it’s disorder. the equivalent of healthcare should approach theirs A word of caution: providers knowing nothing with caution and do Many veterinarians are not about the endocrine system, CBD-friendly, so wouldwhich is the system that cresome research first. be pet caregivers should ates and regulates hormones, approach theirs with caution and schools deciding it’s not and do some research first. worth teaching. So, much like with human Can“[Veterinarians] never learned about it in nabis access, there’s still a long road ahead for school,” Shu says of why many are CBD-averse mainstream acceptance of therapeutic Cannabis or ignorant. “We are hard-wired to fear what we use for pets. don’t know. But let me put it this way: If we don’t Still, the Cannabis community is not one to take learn everything there is to know about Cannabis such hurdles as anything other than just that – and the endocannabinoid system, aren’t we doing something to work around. Personally, I feel solid our patients and clients a disservice? The endothat providing CBD to my dog is a healthy choice. cannabinoid system is deeply intertwined with all We’re not totally out of the woods with Romeo’s other physiological systems, plays a crucial role in separation issues yet, but when I think of how far health and disease, and is present in humans and we have come in the last few months, I feel so animals. But the stark reality is that our medical relieved and happy I almost get choked up. Simply professionals know little to nothing about the enput, when used in concert with other training techdocannabinoid system, even though it was discovniques, CBD helps my dog be a dog.

STORY by JACKIE BRYANT @JACQBRY for LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION

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JAN. 2022

THE WEED & WELLNESS ISSUE

A GATEWAY OUT

Plant Medicine Advocate & Educator Anna Symonds on Cannabis as an Exit Drug.

It comes as no surprise that most pharmaceutical drugs have a laundry list of side effects that come along with their “cure.” Given that Cannabis has been found to be helpful for pain relief, PTSD, sleep disorders, appetite stimulation, anxiety and depression, why would we continue to go to hell and back with these detrimental aftereffects from pharmaceuticals, when there are plantbased medicines that have been widely available for thousands of years? Sadly, the answer is that over the past century, we have been misinformed and led to believe that taking lab-created pills is the only way of finding relief in our lives from our physical ailments and mental health issues.

are all familiar with the classic speech from the doctor: “Take one pill in the morning and one at night, and you’ll be feeling as good as new.” But what if we were to tell you that there are options out there that could help alleviate your symptoms, all the while providing a better quality of life which far exceeds any lifestyle that involves toxic pharmaceutical medication? As we are all aware, there are many other forms of drug addiction outside of pharmaceutical drug abuse. From the start, Cannabis has taken the rap for being a gateway drug, when in all reality, it could very well be a way out – a life preserver for people drowning in other forms of addiction. Here, Cannabis functions as an exit drug and an entrance into a brighter life. Last month, we connected with plant medicine advocate/educator Anna Symonds, gaining insight on how she sees Cannabis continuing to provide an immense amount of harm reduction with both prescription drug and illicit drug use. “Pharmaceuticals are such a problem for so many people. Our medical system is pretty broken in a lot of ways, and our model of care often involves masking symptoms instead of treating the root causes of dysfunction,” said Symonds. More times than not, doctors have a cookie-cutter approach to treat what you’re dealing with, whether that be pain, anxiety or a mood disorder. A large majority of these medications can leave you in a fog, ultimately taking one step forward and three steps backward. “The side effects of pharmaceuticals are so massive for some of them that they’re hard to be considered a ‘side effect.’ Cannabis is a powerful herb, but it is very gentle to the body compared to other drugs,” said Symonds. “When it comes to harm reduction, I’ve met people who had an opioid use disorder, and they shifted to Cannabis,” Symonds explained. “Although they might over consume Cannabis occasionally, they are now safer and healthier. Their families are safer and happier. Ideally, we want to be free from the dependence on

substances and only use them as they choose, but that’s not always a reality, and life isn’t always easy. With Cannabis being an exit drug, it gives people the option to get out of a worse situation into a better one.” And with the plethora of different cannabinoid profiles and products that are currently available, there are undoubtedly plant-based options that have the potential to usher in a healthier way of living. As a WPL rugby player, Symonds has dealt with countless injuries, including two bulging discs and a herniated disc in her back. In addition to those, she has experienced head injuries from a couple of car accidents. Traditionally in the modern healthcare system, the answer would be to load a patient like Symonds with as many pills as possible, including opioids not intended for long-term usage. More often than not, these quickfix medicines often lead to a lifetime of abuse. With an intuitive sense of her body’s needs, Anna has been able to find different products that aid in her day-to-day life and make it significantly better. “I absolutely credit Cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) for helping me to heal both my body and brain.” With the wide variety of brands throughout the country offering more medicinally focused products, including capsules with extended releases and highly accurate dosages, now is a great time to consult with your regional dispensary to find out how to heal your body with Cannabis and replace certain pills. With precise test results showing the exact THC or CBD content, consumers can now confidently take the perfect dosage without the worry of overdoing the amount. “Having more transparency and accountability is a good thing,” said Symonds. “It’s opening the door for more people to consider having a relationship with Cannabis. People who are frightened of trying Cannabis have the opportunity to experience it safely.” There is an abundantly bright future that awaits us all. And with the proper dosages, settings and methodologies, certain drug addictions and dependencies can hopefully be a thing of the past.

“The side effects of pharmaceuticals are so massive for some of them that they’re hard to be considered a ‘side effect.’ Cannabis is a powerful herb, but it is very gentle to the body compared to other drugs.”

Anna has been able to find different products that aid in her day-to-day life and make it better.

STORY by MAX EARLY @LIFTED_STARDUST/LEAF NATION | ART by DREW BARDANA @DREW.BARDANA.ILLUSTRATION | PHOTO by MARK GORDON MURRAY

PURE ENJOYMENT (NEVER CUT WITH DISTILLATE

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This product has intoxicating eﬀects and may be habit forming. Smoking is hazardous to your health. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. Should not be used by women that are pregnant or breastfeeding. For use of adults 21 years of age or older. Keep out of the reach of children. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination and judgement. DO NOT operate a vehicle or any machinery under the innuence of this drug. This product may be unlawful outside of Washington state.

www.buddyboyfarm.com WARNING Marijuana products may be purchased or possessed only by persons 21 or older. This product has intoxicating effects and may be habit forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgement. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults 21 and older. Keep out of reach of children.

concentrates of the month

We love Skagit Organics extracts, which continue to set a standard for quality and pesticide testing in Washington’s Cannabis market.

RSO Original 58% THC Sugar Kush CBD Oil Original 3.6% THC 51% CBD Pine Tsunami

CANNABIS MEDICINE

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CBG RSO 20% CBG 34% THC

Health is essential to living a happy life, which is why Cannabis is such a super medicine for our minds and bodies. And it comes in no purer form than as an essential extract of RSO from local producer Skagit Organics. Rick Simpson Oil or RSO is named after the Cannabis health pioneer who is largely credited with bringing ethanol extraction of Cannabis to the world via the internet. Also known as Full Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO), RSO is in many ways an essential extract of Cannabis – with myriad benefits from the plant concentrated into a potent and

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thick oil that can be eaten, used topically, or filled in capsules for at-home cannabinoid therapy. While Rick Simpson was focused mainly on helping cancer patients (also where RSO first gained credibility), we’ve found that this wondrous oil can have many applications ranging from lifesaving to end of life care, to daily use and recovery from injuries or pain – not to mention, getting really ridiculously baked. If you use this oil regularly, you’ll experience all these benefits and the floaty high that comes from full plant extract. We love Skagit Organics extracts, which continue to set a standard for quality and pesticide testing in Washington’s Cannabis market. And since health

is wealth, we wanted to share their lineup of three premium RSOs with our readership family. Starting with the RSO Original, this platinum extract has 58% THC in a gram applicator, making for 580mg of THC in the concentrate. A simple way to do the math from percentage to milligram when ingesting oils for edible purposes is to multiply the percentage by 10. This allows you to factor in the total amount of THC per package, and then dose it for your own therapeutic needs. It should go without saying: If you have a low tolerance for edibles, start with a grain of rice sized serving of this oil – just a little drop can contain a ton of cannabinoids and rock your world! The original THC version of RSO carries a heavy high that can be overwhelming in high doses, but also floaty and fun at lower doses. Always take RSO at least an hour before bed, or the effects will kick in while you sleep and can lead to brain fog or a weed hangover the next day. For a milder psychoactive buzz with all the benefits of RSO, we look to the CBD-rich version that is perfect for relieving pain and inflammation – without as heavy of a head high. The high CBD extract carries all the benefits of this wonderful cannabinoid, with just a hint of THC to help activate your endocannabinoid system. For a real lesson on Cannabis, google the ECS to get your world (mind + body) rocked. Saving the best (or most fun) for last, we thoroughly recommend you try the CBG-rich RSO for your next edible adventure. A healthy dollop of this extract will have you floating and giggling with childlike wonder, distorting space and time along with depth perception, as this unique cannabinoid takes hold. CBG is a huge helper with inflammation, pain, nausea, IBS/Crohn’s, and has been shown to slow the growth of cancer cells in lab studies, as well as reducing intraocular eye pressure. This is a wonder drug that can change lives, but also delivers a feeling of euphoria in our experience – that could be the neurogenesis of new brain cells, which CBG is thought to aid in – or we could just be really baked. Give the trio of extracts from Skagit Organics a try and skip the sugary edibles, heading straight into medicinal relief with a powerful high that could change your life, one healing dose at a time.

SKAGITORGANICS.NET @SKAGITORGANICS

REVIEW by WES ABNEY @BEARDEDLORAX/NORTHWEST LEAF | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS

topicals of the month

From tootsies to forehead and everything in between, these topicals have you covered.

TOPICALS FOR THE BODY & SOUL LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

Tis the season for dry hands and sore muscles, especially with the unexpected cold front that snapped the PNW last month – which means it’s high time to get your skin into cannabinoid care. Our skin is actually the largest organ of the body, and anyone who thinks that you can’t catch a buzz from topicals hasn’t taken an infused bath … which is where we’ll begin our journey with the Wild Mint lineup. From their Soak bath bomb to the Tootsies foot soak, the combination of herbs, essential oils and Cannabis brings relief and relaxation to the body while in the bath. Simply pour in the bomb and get ready to feel like the ‘90s all over again – when ‘bomb’ was an acceptable way to describe a feeling of awesomeness, and possibly the last time some of us took a bath. Don’t worry, we know you shower! Following a pleasing soak we prepared for a rub down with infused lotions, starting with the CBD Salve – a blissful application after warming up the skin. The CBD Salve has a warm and fuzzy smell that brings a comforting vibe, with hints of clove and nettles blending with peppermint, black pepper, cinnamon and ginger. The greenish salve rubs onto the skin like a thick butter before loosening up under fin-

jan. 2022

gers, rubbing onto skin in a layer of pain relieving protection that helps soothe sore joints. If you want to be ready to puff puff pass the bong, or a kettlebell at the gym, getting a CBD topical regimen can help with recovery time and post workout pain, even if your idea of exercise is smoking a joint while walking a pet. Should you find yourself out taking that walk, you’ll likely feel a distinct chill – which is different from the infamous Seattle freeze – and breathing in the chilly air (and vibes) can leave lungs feeling raw. That’s where the Chill Cooling Muscle Salve and Vapor Rub is perfect. This useful blend smells like an earthier-kushier version of Vicks VapoRub, with a kiss of vanilla at the end and a bright fresh rush of vapor that opens the nostrils and sends chilling relief into the lungs. Perfect for cold nights or when the bong hits leave you feeling raw, simply rub the Chill onto your chest for classic vapor relief, or apply it to sore muscles for icy pain alleviation. While the aforementioned products will relax the body, we cannot neglect the mind. This is where the Help Headache Relief roll-on can be a lifesaver, easing the pain experienced from a combination of the holidays, inclement weather and winter break with kids. Just give the little bottle of minty liquid magic a good shake and roll it onto

the temples, forehead, neck or wherever you have tension. The combination of essential oils, magnesium and Cannabis will be just what you need to relieve the pain and get back into Zoom mode for work! Finally done with puns and reminders of post-holiday life, we would be remiss if we didn’t mention the PlainJane CBD lotion – unscented and perfect for those with skin sensitivities. We also love the infused chapstick! Definitely check out the entire Wild Mint Topicals lineup online and get your new year started right – if health is wealth, we should invest in our skin. That’s where we live after all.

WILDMINTTOPICALS.COM @WILDMINTTOPICALS

REVIEW by WES ABNEY @BEARDEDLORAX/NORTHWEST LEAF | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS

GAME CHANGER

PREMIUM FLOWER

coffee & cannabis LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

COFFEE & MILK +

FRENCH TOAST CRUNCH When it comes to craft consumables like Cannabis and coffee, you’re bound to encounter a certain level of pretension. For whatever reason, an abundance of choice tends to breed some egotism or self-importance from brands, as well as the discerning recommendation of your local budtender/barista. But we shouldn’t let potential judgment from some coffee snob or daily dabber stop us from enjoying things the way we prefer them.

ometimes there is nothing wrong with time-tested procedure. As the old adage goes, “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” So rather than suffer through another five dollar pourover of black coffee just because it’s the ‘respectful’ thing to do, pour some milk in there and roll up one of those great strains named after a youthful sweet – ideally French Toast Crunch from Fire Bros. I’ll be honest, I’ve been guilty of it myself: I was once the pompous presence behind the espresso counter. Fresh out of high school, I thought I was hot stuff drinking free-trade black coffee by the French press-full, in an apron two sizes too small. I’d roll my eyes and scoff like any self-respecting hipster, as I’d make people ask for cream even after they had made it a point to ask for ‘room’ at the register. “Why are you such a jerk about milk?” my manager asked me one day. I didn’t really know. “Well cut it out!” she demanded. “Just because you can’t taste the deeper notes of coffee without it being black, doesn’t mean others can’t.” She was absolutely right. Brewed coffee should be experienced and appreciated to a person’s preferences – whether that be unadulterated or with a splash of milk and a spoonful of sugar. There’s a simple reason people started adding these things to their morning cup: They just enjoy it better that way. And there is absolutely nothing wrong with that. Apart from cooling down coffee to a manageable temperature immediately, milk makes your brewed beverage smoother and creamier. In fact, it can bring out entirely different aspects of the coffee that might be otherwise unachievable without it. With a similarly misguided stiltedness, I’ve had a tendency to avoid Girl Scout Cookies-based strains. For me, the effects were generally lacking and I smoke for the high, not for the lingering dessert aftertaste. But if you get too caught up in your own turgid opinions, you’ll never have the opportunity to be proven wrong – such is the case with French Toast Crunch. The maple and roasted flavors that you would expect are obvious

JAN. 2022

Coffee with milk and French Toast Crunch make for excellent companions on a calm but rambling morning walk. when you stop staring and finally light these high quality, frosted buds. But this is not your average after-dinner treat. An anytime indica, French Toast Crunch is more mentally stimulating than you would anticipate, with the perfect level of warm and embracing euphoria. Coffee with milk and French Toast Crunch make for excellent companions on a calm but rambling morning walk, occasionally idling in the warming spring sun. Other activities that are complemented by this Cannabis and

coffee pair would be ‘Marie-Kondoing’ your wardrobe, or as the final course of your weekly at-home dinner date with your partner. It can be hard not to be swayed by the judgmental eye behind the bar, but after this last year, there is no more time to waste putting on airs. Enjoy your Cannabis and coffee how you want, not how you think other people expect you to. FIREBROS206.COM @FIREBROS

STORY & PHOTO by TJ GAGNIER @TJGAGNIER for NORTHWEST LEAF

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cooking with cannabis

R EC I P E S b y LAU RIE WOLF | P HOTO b y B RUC E WOLF

new year, new you AS WE BEGIN 2022, some of us are planning to take better care of ourselves. More sleep, more exercise, more kindness and maybe even a better diet. That’s a good thing. We have had challenging times and they’re not over yet – so do what you can to be the best and healthiest version of your stoned self!

CANNABIS GRANOLA 4 cups rolled oats 1 cup raw almonds, roughly chopped 1/2 cup lightly toasted walnuts, roughly chopped 1/2 cup chopped dried apricots 1/3 cup dried cranberries 1/3 cup chia seeds 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg pinch salt 2/3 cup maple syrup 2 tablespoons infused coconut oil or butter 2 teaspoons vanilla

Makes 2, 5mg THC servings

GREEN SMOOTHIE 1 ripe avocado 1 1/2 cups coconut milk 1/2 cup cashew butter 1-2 tablespoons honey/sweetener 2 teaspoons canna-butter or oil 2 teaspoons hemp or chia seeds

1. Heat the oven to 300 degrees.

1. In a blender combine the avocado, coconut milk, cashew butter, honey and canna-butter. Process until smooth. 2. Divide between two glasses and top each with the seeds.

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Makes 6 cups, 12 servings, 5mg THC per serving

2. In a bowl combine the oats, almonds, walnuts, apricots, cranberries, chia seeds, cinnamon, nutmeg and salt. 3. In a bowl combine the maple syrup, infused oil and vanilla. Pour this mixture over the oat mixture, mix and spread on a parchment covered sheet pan. 4. Bake, stirring occasionally, until the granola is golden brown. Judgement call here, I like my granola on the darker side of golden brown – let your heart be your guide. Expect it to take 35 to 45 minutes. Cool completely before breaking into clusters. The clusters are the best. Keep in an airtight container.

Makes 20 Bonbons, 5mg THC each

EDIBLE ENERGY BONBONS 1 cup rolled oats 1/2 cup almond butter 1/2 cup hemp seeds 1/2 cup dark chocolate chips 10 teaspoons infused coconut oil 1/4 cup maple syrup or honey 1 tablespoon chia seeds 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 1/2 cup shredded unsweetened coconut, toasted

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1. In the bowl of a food processor, combine the oats, almond butter, hemp seeds, chocolate chips, infused oil, maple syrup, chia seeds and vanilla. Process until smooth. Chill for at least an hour. 2. Divide the chilled dough into 20 pieces. Form into balls and roll through the toasted coconut, pressing gently to adhere. Store in the fridge.

GRANOLA BOWL 2/3 cup vanilla yogurt 1/2 cup granola 2 tablespoons golden raisins 3 strawberries, trimmed and sliced 2 tablespoons toasted coconut flakes 2 tablespoons sliced almonds 1 tablespoon flax seeds

1. You really just want to mix this stuff. Add your favorite toppings and go wild!

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These products have intoxicating effects and may be habit-forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults twenty-one and older. Keep out of reach of children and pets.

PRESENTS

The

Apothecary Age Detailing Cannabis’ entrance into, and subsequent exile from, modern medicine.

THE BIRTH OF BOTANY Europe’s Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries brought with it a surge of activity in both botany and book printing. As a result, a number of English herbalists began publishing a wave of treatises on plants and their medicinal properties. Among the first of these was a clergyman and Oxford scholar named Robert Burton. For most of his life, Burton suffered from “melancholy” – an epidemic of the day that likely encompassed clinical depressions and several other modern mental illnesses. In an effort to ease the angst of both himself and others, he spent over 20 years studying and writing about the topic. The Oxford clergyman and scholar Robert Burton. result was a sprawling, GILBERT JACKSON

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It’s estimated that the medicinal use of Cannabis dates back to at least 2900 BCE, when it was used by Chinese emperors who reportedly credited it with bringing “balance and healing to body, mind and spirit.” There’s also evidence that it was used by the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Hindus … but it wasn’t until the end of the Middle Ages that the idea of Cannabis as medicine began to take root in Western culture.

JAN. 2022

An assortment of vintage apothecary bottles and jars from the World of Cannabis collection.

pseudo-scientific magnum opus entitled “The Anatomy of Melancholy.” First published in 1621, the text is separated into three partitions, the second of which deals with proposed treatments. In it, Burton lists “hemp-seed” among the many herbs and spices purported to alleviate the malady. Next, in 1640, botanist John Parkinson noted in his “Theatrum Botanicum”: “The decoction, of the [hempe] roote is sayd to allay inflammations in the head or any other part, ” and that “it is good to be used, for any place that hath beene burnt by fire, if the fresh juyce be mixed with a little oyle or butter.” Then in 1652, proto-pharmaceutical manual “The English Physitian” (later re-titled “The Complete Herbal”) by botanist Nicholas Culpeper systematically cataloged hundreds of outdoor medicinal herbs and their uses – including hemp, whose extract he proclaimed “allayeth Inflammations in the Head … eases the pains of the Gout … Knots in the Joynts, [and] the pains of the Sinews and Hips.”

Nearly two centuries later, the topic of Cannabis and mental health was addressed in more depth by French psychiatrist Jacques-Joseph Moreau. As you may recall from the “HasHistory” installment of CannthroBotanist Nicholas Culpeper, pology (Aug. 2021), author of “The Complete Dr. Moreau co-foundHerbal.” ed Paris’ infamous Club des Hashischins, in part to study the effects of hashish on its members’ psyches. The results were published in his 1845 book “Hashish and Mental Illness” – the first scientific psychiatric work on the topic, in which he concluded that the drug reproduced the effects of certain mental illnesses, but was also helpful in aiding sleep, increasing the appetite and suppressing headaches. But arguably, the man most responsible for introducing Cannabis into modern Western medicine was an Irish physician named William Brooke O’Shaughnessy.

ENGRAVING BY RICHARD GAYWOOD

THE WEED cannthropology & WELLNESS ISSUE

44 6 0

WORLD OF Cannabis

By the 1930s, over 2,000 Cannabis medicines were being produced and sold at nearly every corner drugstore and apothecary in America.

PHOTOS OF BOTTLES AND CATALOG BY BOBBY BLACK | WORLD OF CANNABIS MUSEUM COLLECTION

O’SHAUGHNESSY As a young man, O’Shaughnessy studied anatomy, chemistry and forensic toxicology in Scotland – earning a doctorate in medicine from the renowned University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1829. On August 8, 1833, he joined the British East India Company and was assigned to India’s Bengal province, where he served first as an assistant surgeon in their army, then as Professor of Chemistry at the Medical College of Calin 1891, among others cutta. During this time in India, O’ShaughAnother reason was the invention of the … all of which extolled nessy observed indigenous doctors use modern hypodermic syringe in 1853, which the various benefits – Cannabis extracts, edibles and drinks (such allowed water-soluble drugs to be injected and side effects – of as bhang lassi) to treat various illnesses rather than ingested for faster effects. Since Cannabis medicines. that had confounded doctors back in the Cannabis medicines were not water-soluble, This flood of scientific UK (e.g. tetanus) and resolved to study the they couldn’t be injected and were eventually literature helped usher plant’s medicinal effects scientifically. rejected in favor of other medications that in a new golden age During the mid-1830s, he began adwere (such as opioids). for medical marijuana. ministering Cannabis compounds to every Aside from these practical concerns, For the first time in kind of animal he could get his hands on though, there was also the politics: A drastic 1850, Cannabis was – from domestic pets like mice, rabbits, shift in social attitudes towards Cannabis listed as a recognized cats and dogs, to livestock like pigs, cows, occurred during the early 20th century treatment in the United sheep, goats and horses, to various fish thanks to prohibitionist propaganda States Pharmacopoeia, and birds. After establishing the subfrom yellow journalists and the newlyand four years later, in stance’s relative safety, he graduated his appointed drug czar Harry Anslinger, the U.S. Dispensatory – experiments to human subjects (including who – by using its Mexican name Parke-Davis catalog featuring “American officially legitimizing it as himself). Over the course of his investiga“marijuana” rather than the familiar Cannabis” from 1935. a medicine by the state. tions, he concluded that Cannabis Cannabis or hemp – roused widespread Between 1842 and 1937, “Cannabis Indica” medicines were effective against a condemnation of the plant. Though the or “Indian Hemp” became the third most used wide array of conditions, including public at large didn’t realize that the compound (after alcohol and opium) in most muscle spasms, migraines, rabies, “evil Mexican weed” was the same Antique Cannabis so-called “patent medicines” – all of which, rheumatism, insomnia, epilepsy, drug that was already in their favorite Indica extract bottle thanks to the Pure Food and Drug Act of depression and tetanus. He also medications, the medical community from Eli Lilly. 1906, were required to list those ingredients as found hemp tinctures specifically to sure did. When Anslinger’s Marihuana “poison.” By the 1930s, over 2,000 Cannabe highly effective as an analgesic Tax Act was introduced in Congress in May bis medicines were being produced by nearly and anticonvulsant. 1937, the American Medical Association was 300 pharmaceutical companies, including In 1839, after years of study, among those who outspokenly opposed it. In major players like Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, O’Shaughnessy released his results his testimony to Congress, AMA member/lawyer Parke-Davis and Eli Lilly. In fact, in the late through the Medical and Physical Dr. William Creighton Woodward challenged 1890s, Eli Lilly and Parke-Davis even partnered Society of Calcutta – a comprethe bill’s use of the term “marijuana” and its to breed their own strain called “Cannabis hensive 40-page report entitled assertions of the drug’s links to addiction and Americana,” which Parke-Davis later sold in “On the Preparations of the Indian crime. He also explained their catalogs. Cannabis remedies were even Hemp, or Gunjah (Cannabis Inthat the law would place offered in the Sears-Roebuck catalog and dica): Their Effects on the Animal an unjust financial burden advertised in prominent publications like Vanity System in Health, and their Utility in on the medical community Fair and the Chicago Tribune. Cannabis had the Treatment of Tetanus and other and severely hinder any become the top-recommended treatment for Convulsive Diseases.” Three years further research into over 100 different ailments—with its flowers, later, he returned to England with the medical potential of Illustration of O’Shaughnessy hash, tinctures and tonics sold at nearly every a significant amount of Cannabis Cannabis. Woodward at work in the lab. corner drugstore and apothecary in America. and its various preparations, which proposed instead that he eagerly shared – along with his Cannabis could simply DISFAVOR & DECLINE research – with British pharmacists and physicians. be added to the Harrison So why did Cannabis medicines suddenly fall In 1843, O’Shaughnessy’s findings were published in LonNarcotics Act of 1914, Dr. William Creighton out of favor and disappear for over half a don’s “Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical which would have Woodward century? One reason was volatility. Cannabis Sciences” and were received as a revelation. Within a few years, regulated and taxed medicines had short shelf lives, their dosage pharmacists all across Europe were offering their customers it more reasonably. But despite his sensible was difficult to standardize, and patients’ Cannabis remedies for numerous ailments. Queen Victoria objections, Congress nevertheless passed the reactions to them were unpredictable due herself reportedly consumed a Cannabis tincture to ease her law – essentially ending the study and use of to variations in the potency and chemical menstrual pains after it was recommended by her physician Sir medicinal Cannabis in America. compositions of the plants. When new Robert Russell. Indeed, O’Shaughnessy’s work would inspire Five years later, Cannabis was removed from synthetic, single-agent drugs with more stable half a century of new medical research into Cannabis. the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. It wouldn’t be until chemical compounds, longer shelf lives and the passage of California’s Compassionate more precise dosing methods (such as aspirin THE GOLDEN AGE Care Act in 1996 – over 50 years later – that and opiates) were developed, Cannabis meds In his classic “Marihuana Reconsidered” (1971), Dr. Lester Grinthe medical use of Cannabis would once fell out of favor with medical professionals. spoon notes: “Between 1839 and 1900, more than one hunagain be recognized by U.S. law. dred articles appeared in medical journals describing the medicinal properties of the plant.” These published pieces included For more on medicinal cannabis history, listen to Episode #18 the first U.S. government-funded study by Dr. R.R. M’Meens’ of our podcast at worldofcannabis.museum/cannthropology. Committee on Cannabis Indica in 1860, as well as papers by H.A. Hare in 1887, J.R. Reynolds in 1890, and Dr. J.B. Mattison Story and photos originally published on worldofcannabis.museum and reprinted with permission. STO RY b y B O B BY B LAC K @ CAN N T H RO PO LO G Y for LEA F NAT IO N

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A HANDFUL OF TIMES IN YOUR LIFE, an event will occur that creates a personal shift and reorganizes your priorities. It is these clear moments of revelation that procure the cornerstones you will one day harken back to, as the rare incidents almost always happen when you are subconsciously ready, but unsuspecting. In an instant, your mind has determined, from opinion to absolute fact, an unequivocal understanding of how your belief system is quantified. What takes place is an utter recalibration of your mindset. And that it caught you completely by surprise is the crux of the magic that makes it so much more imperative, and rightfully your destiny. It could be anything. It’s that split second spark when a woman sees the nerd through a renewed lens, knowing resolutely that he, with his buck teeth and unattractive reading glasses, is the chosen partner for life and the father of her offspring. Or it’s the epiphany of the man who relinquishes the ego in discovery of the wisdom that true happiness is gained not by holding onto an idea that fuels years of regret, but instead by letting go of unfulfilling thought patterns that never served his higher purpose. Or it is the succulent tomato on a crisp bed of dewy lettuce with the perfect tang of dressing at the perfect juncture, that which opens a secret passageway to a level of appreciation that laid dormant in your awareness before that very moment of information insight. These episodes are personal discoveries that enrich your existence. We are to store them inside of our DNA so that the improvement in instinct is retained in future generations. This is the essence of human evolution. Kind of like the first time you got high.

JAN. 2022

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