December 2015 — Issue #66 by Northwest Leaf / Oregon Leaf / Alaska Leaf / Maryland Leaf / California Leaf / Northeast Leaf

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DEC. 2015

profile | International Heli Ski Guide and CBD Luxe Co-founder

26 WILLIAM A. SPILO 12

National News

Holiday Recipes

Prison Dispatch

Grow Book Review

Our Gift Guide

Health and Science

Highly Likely

Successful Planning

Steve Elliott with the roundup Profiling the War on Drugs

Some goodies for under the tree

Meet historical pot pioneers

Tasty appetizers for the party

The key to regenerating plants

Simone Fisher on menopause relief Dr. Scanderson talks site & space

Green Collar Tacoma recreational shop Club

T.H.C. Review

Seashells Series

Tacoma medical collective

Glass by Chase Hardman

DANKSGIVING...........................20 HIGHLY LIKELY...........................24 8 QUESTIONS............................28 STRAIN CENTERFOLD.................40 ROSIN REVIEW.......................50 ROSIN PRESS.........................52 SUGAR RUSH.............................62 MICROSTRAINS......................66 GROWTECH.........................70 BUDSHOT.............................74 BEHIND THE STRAIN...................78 DECEMBER COVER ART by JOSH BOULET for NW LEAF // JOSHUABOULET.COM SEE THE BACK ISSUES: WWW.ISSUU.COM/NWLEAF

NORTHWEST LEAF

the truth about the plant you thought you knew, IN every issue.

editor’s note

DEC. 2015 ISSUE #66

It’s the time of the season to be grateful for everything we have here in the Northwest! the holidays are here, and if you are anything like me, the Christmas music gets

old fast. But we have a lot to celebrate this holiday season, with growing recognition for both medical and recreational Cannabis spreading like good cheer across the country. The best gift comes in the form of high-quality Cannabis, and always makes a good addition to a holiday party. Even as we start swapping mistletoe for nugs, we must not forget our brothers and sisters in prison that will spend their holidays locked in a cage over a plant. This is the gravest injustice our country has seen in decades and we must not forget or cease in activism until our people are freed. This issue is a fun one, with custom covers in both states produced by artist Josh Boulet. His unique and inspiring art has graced our holiday edition for three years now, and we look forward to many more of these Christmas card-themed covers. We also have an essential gift guide for the patient or pot-lover in your life, with must-have items like vaporizers or a new line of purses for female smokers. Our issue also covers news updates from around the world, new Dr. Rose and Growtech sections and an informative article on how Cannabis can help with menopause. We also have new dispensaries reviewed, tasty strains and medibles and more! Please share this issue with family and friends and remind them to be grateful for the access we have to the safest medicine and recreational choice on the planet.

Contact editor Wes Abney to place an

advertisement or become a drop-off location to display our magazine. You can also feel free to just share feedback, send pitches, articles, story ideas and hot news tips. This is all our plant.

nwleaf@gmail.com // (206) 235-6721

FOUNDER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Wes Abney

PHOTOGRAPHER & DESIGNER

Daniel Berman

ISSUE CONTRIBUTORS Wes and Kori Marie

JOSHUA BOULET, COVER ART STEVE ELLIOTT, NATIONAL WILL FERGUSON, REVIEWS SIMONE FISCHER, GROWTECH PAUL GRZELAK, EDITING MALINA LOPEZ, GIFT GUIDE KORI MARIE, PRODUCTION BOB MONTOYA, MICROSTRAINS SEAN O’NEILL, ILLUSTRATION DR. SCANDERSON, GROWTECH ERIC SKELTON, DESIGN PACER STACKTRAIN, FEATURES JACOB THOM, PRODUCTION LAURIE & BRUCE WOLF, RECIPES

ADVERTISING nwleaf@gmail.com // (206) 235-6721 Please email or call us to discuss print and online advertising opportunities in an upcoming issue. We do not sell stories or coverage. We are happy to offer design services with Kush Creative Group and can provide guidance on the best approaches for promoting any medical, recreational, commercial or industrial product and pursuit. We are targeted.

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No news is good news when it comes to errors. But let us know how we are doing — we welcome your feedback!

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national

STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

House Judiciary Committee PassES Historic Sentencing Reform Bill The bill would reduce mandatory minimum sentences

THE First ILLINOIS Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Open State’s first medical dispensaries open their doors

ACLU Releases MOBILE App to Help Hold Law Enforcement Accountable App allows citizens to record and report law enforcement

Illinois’ first medical marijuana dispensaries

have opened across the state, with five opening on Nov. 9. So far, a total of eight shops are approved by the Illinois Department of Public Health, with seven “We hope the more dispensaries state can see that a program like this works expected to open and we can finally later this month, relieve the suffering bringing the of Illinois’ most total number of vulnerable citizens.” medical marijuana dispensaries operating in Illinois to 15. In order to be protected under state law, Illinois patients must obtain their medical marijuana from one of these licensed dispensaries. “This is a great day for suffering patients who have been waiting to have access to this medicine,” said Chris Lindsey, a legislative analyst for the Marijuana Policy Project. “We are grateful they will no longer have to put themselves at risk by purchasing it in an underground market.” Under the Illinois Medical Cannabis Pilot Program), patients must register and select one designated dispensary as their source of medicine. According to the Department of Public Health, 3,300 patients have registered for the medical Cannabis identification cards. “The dispensary openings mark the most significant milestone since the pilot program began nearly two and half years ago,” said Lindsey. “A limited number of patients with certain conditions will now be able to legally access medical marijuana. We hope the state can see that a program like this works and we can finally relieve the suffering of Illinois’ most vulnerable citizens.”

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The American Civil Liberties Union of Arizona on Nov.

12 launched Mobile Justice: Arizona, a free smartphone app that allows Arizonans to record video of law enforcement activity and automatically submit those videos to their local ACLU for review if it appears someone’s rights might have been violated. The same app was also launched in nine other jurisdictions: Minnesota, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania and Virginia. The Mobile Justice app was already in use in Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, California, Colorado, Missouri, North Carolina and Oregon. New York has the ACLU’s original app to record police, known as the Stop and Frisk app. In all, residents of 18 states and D.C. now have access to an ACLU mobile app for recording police interactions with the public. Videos captured Mobile Justice: is on the app will be available as a free download transmitted to the ACLU of Arizona and for Android and iOS be preserved even if devices. It enables users to the user’s phone is record, witness and report seized or destroyed. interactions with law enforcement and offers information on individual rights. Videos captured on the Mobile Justice Arizona app will be transmitted to the ACLU of Arizona and preserved even if the user’s phone is later seized. “Nearly 40 people have been killed by police so far this year in Arizona and we regularly receive reports of excessive use of force by police and Border Patrol agents,” said Will Gaona, policy director of the ACLU of Arizona. “This app is intended to serve as a check on abusive behavior by police officers, sheriff ’s deputies and Border Patrol agents by allowing ordinary citizens to record and document any interaction with law enforcement.”

The House Judiciary Committee on

November 17 voted unanimously to advance the Sentencing Reform Act. The bill would reduce mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses, expand the ability for federal judges to use their discretion to sentence people below statutory mandatory minimums and make many of the sentencing reductions retroactive. “This vote today is a significant step toward reducing the federal prison population,” said Michael Collins, deputy director of national affairs for the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA). “We have a bill moving in the Senate, and now we have a companion bill moving in the House, so I’m optimistic we’ll have legislation on the President’s desk in a matter of months.” The bill was introduced by Chairman Bob Goodlatte (R-VA) and Ranking Member John Conyers (D-MI), and sponsored by 30 other Representatives. The House vote comes a week after the Chuck Colson Task Force and Urban Institute released a report noting that many of the individuals currently incarcerated for drug crimes had low criminal history levels and thus a low rate of recidivism. Almost half of the nearly 100,000 individuals in federal prison for drug offenses were in the lowest two criminal history categories, and another quarter had no prior criminal history at all. Among the people convicted of drug law violations, three quarters had no serious history of violence and half had no violent history whatsoever.

The bill would reduce mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses, expand the federal safety valve to make many of the sentencing reductions retroactive (applying to old cases, too).

Senate Approves Funding Bill Allowing Veterans Access To Medical Marijuana Senate passes bill that allows Veterans Administration doctors to recommend medical marijuana

Photo collage images courtesy of Creative Commons: Kurt Clark and flickr.com/eggrole

on Nov. 10, The Senate passed the FY2016

Military Construction and Veterans Affairs (MilCon-VA) Appropriations Bill, which includes language to allow Veterans Administration (VA) doctors to recommend medical marijuana to their patients in states where medical marijuana is legal. The language was included as an amendment in the Senate Appropriations committee in May. “Veterans in medical marijuana states should be treated the same as any other resident, and should be able to discuss marijuana with their doctor,” said Michael Collins, deputy director of national affairs for the Drug Policy Alliance. “It makes no sense that a veteran can’t use medical marijuana if it helps them and it is legal in their state.” Republican Senator Steve Daines of Montana and Democratic Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon sponsored the Veterans Equal Access Amendment. It passed the Committee 18-12 in a bipartisan vote. The funding

bill will now be negotiated with the House’s version as part of an omnibus spending bill. “On this eve of Veterans/Armistice Day, where we remember those who served in the military and the treaty agreement to reach peace concluding WWI, we see this victory as a step toward a peace treaty with the government we volunteered to defend with our lives and as a step toward restoring our First Amendment rights and dignity as citizens of the United States,” said TJ Thompson, a disabled Navy veteran. Currently, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) specifically prohibits its medical providers from completing forms brought by their patients seeking recommendations or opinions regarding participation in a state medical marijuana program. The Daines-Merkley amendment authorizes VA physicians and other healthcare providers to provide recommendations and opinions regarding the use of medical marijuana to veterans who live in medical marijuana states.

“Veterans in medical marijuana states should be treated the same as any other resident,”

Quick Hits! 0.4 14 15 20 55 60 90

Number of grams in each pod of the world’s first single-serve, pod-based marijuana vaporizer, dubbed the “Keurig of Cannabis.”

Number of criminal investigations of illegal marijuana production conducted by Oregon’s Douglas County Interagency Narcotics Team in autumn 2015. Maximum time (in minutes) that medical marijuana delivery service Eaze, “the Uber of Cannabis” says customers will have to wait before receiving their order. Needy families who weren’t able to receive baskets with turkey & fixings from the Women Leaders in Cannabis after denial by Oregon Department of Human Services. Percentage of Colorado voters who approve of the state’s legalization of recreational marijuana and believe that it’s been good for the well-being of the state.

Number of pesticides screened for in tougher new requirements issued by the Oregon Health Authority, which will take effect in June 2016. Minutes of passionate public comment before Medford City Council voted down an ordinance to ban residential marijuana growers inside city limits.

Quoted IT’S SIMPLY UNACCEPTABLE FOR THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION’S TOP DRUG OFFICIAL TO MAKE COMMENTS THAT ARE CONTRARY TO WHAT SCIENCE AND DOCTORS SAY ABOUT MEDICAL MARIJUANA - marijuana advocate Tom Angell says in response to DEA chief calling medical marijuana “a joke”

‘‘

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national

STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

CANNABIS arrests continue to pervade federal justice system More than 12 percent of federal drug prisoners

are incarcerated for marijuana-related violations, according to data compiled by the Federal Bureau of Prisons and the U.S. Sentencing Commission and published by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. With 94,678 federal inmates incarcerated for a drug violation as their most serious offense, roughly 12.4 percent (11,533 inmates) are serving time for violating Cannabis laws, reports Paul

|88 months| Average federal prison sentence for marijuana offenses.

Armentano of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Most federal marijuana prisoners are incarcerated for trafficking violations. The average sentence for those in federal prison for marijuana is 88 months. Nearly half — 44.3 percent — of federal marijuana inmates have minimal crime histories and have not previously served time in prison. An overwhelming majority — 85 percent — did not possess any firearms. More than a third of these prisoners, 36.5 percent, are 40 or older. Thirty-five percent of them aren’t American citizens. The percentage of marijuana-related federal prisoners has remained consistent for the past decade.

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5626 134th Pl SE, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 | 425-337-5145 | Thekusherycathcart@mail.com

Photo courtesy of Craig Sunter, Creative Commons

Roughly 1 in 8 federal inmates behind bars for drug violations got there because of Cannabis laws

STUDY SHOWS CANNABIS IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE FOR PAIN TREATMENT Illustration courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Cannabinoid preparations including herbal

marijuana, liquid and oral Cannabis extracts, and nabilone (a synthetic analog of THC) are effective in the treatment of chronic pain, according to the results of a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials published in the Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. Investigators from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia and McGill University in Montreal evaluated the results of 11 placebocontrolled trials conducted between 2010 and 2014, reports Paul Armentano at NORML. Trials assessed the use of herbal Cannabis, liquid and oral extracts and synthetic THC. Cannabinoids possess “significant analgesic effects” and were “well-tolerated” in the majority

The results are from 11 placebo-controlled trials

of studies reviewed. “The current systematic review provides further support that cannabinoids are safe, demonstrate a modest analgesic effect and provide a reasonable treatment option for treatment chronic non-cancer pain,” the authors concluded.

Cannabinoids possess significant analgesic effects and were well-tolerated in the majority of studies reviewed DEC. 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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dispatch

By KRISTIN FLOR, MINDI GRIFFITHS, MIGGY 420, BECCA NICHOLS & DANIELLE VITALE – O’ BRIEN | Photos p.17 by Daniel Berman

DEC. 2015 PRISONER UPDATE [

NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINES PRISON OUTREACH

this month, instead of focusing on those current-

open presents and be able to hold her children, something she hasn’t been able to do in more ly incarcerated, we would like to take a moment than two decades. When asked if she had a and acknowledge two of the most recently released message for the holidays, Alred replied, “Stop pot prisoners; two people who will be home for being mad — there is more to life, and treathe holidays to hold their loved ones and watch sure your family. That is all we have, and also their grandchildren play. These are two exceptional understand that a friend is also family.” If you people who served a combined 52 years in prison would like to hear more about Irma’s story, for pot, grown old and had time stolen away from please listen to the exclusive interview she did them, but are fortunate enough to now be in an with Voices of the CannaAmerica boasting 23+ legal medbis War just days after her ical marijuana states and four recrelease from prison: http:// reational states for the very same goo.gl/HgZXO5 plant they did time for. The first person we would like to highlight OREGON NEWS is George Martorano, the second-longest-serving non-violent Grants Pass | A valued offender at the time of his release. member of his community A poet and writer, he served time prior to his arrest in June, for a crime with no victim. Mar2011, Jason Nelson was a torano is now self-published on business owner and supSmashwords and shares stories returns home in porter of local charities such through his Facebook page as he time for the holidays with her as The Boys and Girls Club. gets acclimated to the new world daughter and grandchild after Nelson was also a medical around him. Cannabis provider to pa21 years of incarceration. tients. His story is like so Irma AlreD’S case is a prime exmany other citizens who ample of justice not being served have seen the destruction cancer can cause, in an America we’re suppose to believe in. Alred tried to provide lifesaving medicine and then was an independent woman living in California landed in prison as a result. He is serving a 10running a sewing business until she was persecutyear sentence and was recently relocated to a ed by a misogynistic court system. At every turn, prison camp in California. Please drop Nelson justice was not served for Alred. People bore false a letter and let him know he has support from witness against her in hopes of a lighter sentence to the outside. Jason Nelson #73621-065, 3705 a preselected jury, stacking the cards against her so West Farm Road, Lompoc, CA 93436. justice was absolutely not served. This year, after 21 years of incarceration, Alred will spend the holidays Sheridan | Chad Latham is serving a 15with her family. She will be there as her grandkids

IRMA ALRED

This year, after 21 years of incarceration, Irma Alred will spend the holidays with her

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year sentence in an Oregon prison camp. Latham, originally from Tacoma, WA, was convicted with conspiracy and manufacturing marijuana in 2006, but looks forward to finally being released in early 2018. Latham’s biggest crime was being good at what he did. He designed and built large machines that held 192 Cannabis plants each. The ingenious creation looked a lot like a Ferris wheel. One can only guess the extensive impact Latham could have had on the future of Cannabis growing if he had been allowed to continue to experiment with his work. Prison has not prevented Latham from furthering his growth. In late October, he finished his degree and plans to continue to study computers, which he enjoys. His continuous positive attitude despite the circumstances is an inspiration to all who know him. The address to send Latham congratulations for his success is: Chad Latham #34699-086, FCI Sheridan, PO BOX 6000, Sheridan, OR 97378.

WASHINGTON Tacoma Cross | The federal

government raids across the nation against MMJ dispensaries in 2011 and again in 2013 are still lingering for defendant Lance Gloor, accused owner of Tacoma Cross, Lacey Cross, Seattle Cross and Key Peninsula Cross. The dispensaries were just a few caught up in the sweeps across the country. Regardless of state law, federal law is very different, so it’s irrelevant that Lacey Cross and the other dispensaries were 100 percent dedicated to following state laws, paid state taxes and were LLC licensed by the state as well as each individual city in which they were located. Today, Gloor is facing a federal mandatory

minimum of 35 years to life. His charges include conspiracy to distribute marijuana, conspiracy to manufacture marijuana and conspiracy to commit money laundering. If Judge Leighton does not rule to dismiss the charges, Gloor faces jury trial on Jan. 7, 2016. A recent motion filed by attorney Karen Unger is first requesting that the federal government dismiss the charges due to entrapment by estoppel; the second part of the motion requests dismissal of charges due to selective prosecution. Of the 15 dispensaries raided in Washington that year, the four affiliated with this case are the only cases being pursued along with the fact that Washington now has hundreds of medical marijuana and retail marijuana shops currently operating legally in the state. The third reason they feel the case should be dismissed is that the Department of Justice is legally prohibited from using federal funds in connection with the enforcement of any law that interferes with a state’s ability to implement its own laws that authorizes the use, distribution, possession or cultivation of medical marijuana. The dismissal hearing is to be held in the Western District of Washington federal court in Tacoma on Dec. 4.

Since March 2, 2014, the day Gloor voluntarily

turned himself in to the feds, he has been on house arrest and forced to wear a federal GPS tracking ankle bracelet for monitoring with restrictions on when he can leave his home. He also spent 18 days in the SeaTac Federal Prison Facility and is required to take random urine-based drug tests. He was offered four separate deals to plead guilty to lesser charges from federal prosecuting attorney Vince Lombardi, but refused them all. The feds have turned his co-defendants James Lucas and Matthew Roberts into federal informants and multiple former friends and employees into witnesses against him by offering them deals in exchange for testimony that will give them little or no prison time. Gloor is the only defendant left fighting for his innocence and refusing to cooperate with the federal government, and you can help. If this case goes to trial, Gloor will need every patient and caregiver possible to stand up for his sacrifices in the courtroom. If the judge does not dismiss this case, or if one of the jurors does not find him innocent, we could lose him to our federal prison system. This is why informing people about jury nullification is so important. It only takes one juror to stand up for Gloor and all other medical marijuana patients of Washington to ensure that justice is served by saying, “not guilty” and telling the feds/ DOJ to honor and respect our

NO VICTIM = NO CRIME = NOT GUILTY No one should be caged for Cannabis.

state medical marijuana laws. Gloor continues to fight hard for you and your rights while fighting for his; please support him as he is supporting you. If he is lost to the federal prison system, it is another huge blow to our MMJ community, as well as our personal and state rights. Your voice and support is very valuable, not just in helping Gloor, but all the current and future MMJ patients and providers. Remember, teamwork makes the dream work and united we stand, divided we fall. The trial date could change, so pay attention to future updates!

Seattle | Josh

Mauk and Debbie Brechler are hoping for letters of love and support to be written to the judge to help conJosh & vince him to waive Debbie jail time in their MMJ case. They are also requesting your presence at 9 a.m. on Jan. 9, 2016 in the courtroom. Their attorneys had no confidence in a fully informed or compassionate jury and convinced the couple that they would lose if they went to trial, forcing them to plead guilty to child endangerment. The sentence the prosecution has offered the couple is one year and a day in federal prison. Please address your letters to the Honorable Judge John C. Coughenour and email them to debbiebrechler21@gmail.com. Please bring your ID to the federal courthouse in Seattle and help bring court support to their sentencing!

Bellingham | At the expense of the taxpayers

and all involved, the case against Martin Nickerson and his co-defendants known as the “Bellingham 3” has been continued once Martin Nickerson again. The trio have been in the hands of the government for more than four years now. Early in October, Nickerson’s property was once again raided by the local sheriff ’s office. No arrests were made at the time and Nickerson is more deter-

mined than ever to go to trial. He believes in the power of jury nullification and cannot fathom the idea of the people in his community finding him guilty. Please support them Jan. 13, 2016 at the Whatcom Courthouse for their next court date.

JURY NULLIFICATION Excitement over one’s good fortune to serve on a jury is not the first reaction most Americans have when they open up a jury summons, but it should be. For socially conscious individuals, service as a juror is effectual in the prevention of unjust laws and violations of human rights. A juror is not required to put a defendant in prison, even if the evidence proves guilt. Unfortunately, it is usual for a juror to not be cognizant of their full rights upon entering a courtroom. One of these mostly unknown rights is jury nullification, which occurs when a jury returns a verdict of “not guilty” despite its belief that the defendant is guilty of the violation charged. The jury in effect nullifies a law that it believes is either immoral or wrongly applied to the defendant whose fate they are charged with deciding. Education about jury rights and responsibilities is key to changing the way citizens perceive the dreaded jury summons. Often, one has to absorb the message of jury nullification numerous times prior to understanding that they truly possess the power, right and responsibility to nullify deficient laws and the real social changes that can be shaped as a juror. Recently, a member of The Human Solution International recounted a discussion about juror responsibilities with a friend while attending court to show solidarity and support, “I always avoided being picked on a jury for a Cannabis trial for fear I would have to put someone in prison for pot. Now, I will make sure I get on that jury to save a life.” Please visit the Fully Informed Jury Association at www.f ija.org and visit facebook.com/voicesofwar1. Each week, we discuss the latest news from the front lines of the drug war and bring updates on Cannabis prisoners.

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Oregon Leaf hosts a party for a few of our friends

Celebrating ‘Danksgiving’ danksgiving was a memorable event aimed at bringing together some of Ore-

fet, which featured vegan and gluten-free items such as mashed potatoes gon’s finest Cannabis purveyors with their consumers to share wonderful Canna- and mini pumpkin pies as well as turkey and pork. Tickets were $10 for members of Leaf Nation and $20 for non-members. The event was held bis, tasty food and plenty of good times together. Numerous vendors set up booths and tables with their unique and high-quality inside the cool location Service in Northeast Portland, which was the perfect location as it had a big kitchen for getting all the tasty products displayed for attendees. Each person was given a goodie bag that contained various products from the sponsors and vendors. AlMultiple vendors offered food ready. Two sessions were held: an early bird one from most all tables and booths featured some sort of Cannabis consumpup samples from big jars 1-3:30 p.m., and another sold out one from 4:30-7 p.m. Each session had about 100 people, making the atmosphere tion, which turned the building into a giant cloud. of Cannabis, edibles and exciting but not overwhelming or crowded, though there was Multiple vendors had jars of Cannabis, edibles and concentrates on concentrates that were lots of smoke and smiles. Danksgiving was a great way to bring display and for sampling. There was a giant dab bar with various rigs the Cannabis community together to share a day filled with and e-nails set up provided by the Lion’s Den Glass and Dabland. The out and on display. laughter, good herb and good food — here’s to the next one! Farm Stand in Hood River provided the delicious Thanksgiving buf-

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FEATURE

By WES ABNEY & KORI MARIE | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN | GIFT STYLING by MALINA LOPEZ

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highly likely

By PACER STACKTRAIN for NORTHWEST LEAF

Column # 5

(or Shennong) was considered to be both the founding father of Chinese agriculture as well as herbal medicine. Nung wrote some of the oldest known records of herbal medicine and is called the Father of Chinese medicine. Of course, the herb we’re most interested in here would be Cannabis. And no matter which way you twist it, the earliest written records of human consumption of Cannabis resides with Shen Nung in “The Herbal,” which is the earliest Chinese text concerning human use of herbs for medicinal application. Cannabis is referenced in “The Herbal” for the production of textiles, paper, rope and more. Nung was a pharmacologist long before the term existed. He experimented on himself and others using cocktails derived from hundreds of different herbs. The emperor is often depicted clothed in herbs and plant matter (ie: this emperor did wear clothes. Made of Cannabis!). But how did the ancient Chinese consume Cannabis? A Cannabis tincture or tea, which Shen Nung named Ma’, is also referenced in “The Herbal.” Nung saw Ma’ as a unique elixir because of its male and female traits, which correlated directly to the concept of Yin and Yang in Chinese traditional dogma. Eventually, Nung found that the Yin (female) side of Cannabis was most therapeutic, and thus, began cultivating female-specific crops for his medicine. Ma’ was made from a mixture of hot water and Cannabis flowers and leaves, and Nung recommended it for more than 100 illnesses including digestive ailments and absent-mindedness. The emperor was also known to accept Cannabis as payment for services. Unfortunately, Nung’s life ended in tragedy. According to legend, he turned green and died after test-consuming poisonous herbs. If only he’d stuck to Cannabis… While it’s amazing and somewhat mind-boggling to fathom what life must have been like in China some four millennia ago, one thing is for sure: Cannabis has been with us a very long time. Shen Nung is just the first person to have written down a record of its usage. Artifacts demonstrate that Cannabis has been used in fiber-making and ceremonies as far back as 10,000 years ago. No matter what, we can all say thanks to the wisdom and pioneering spirit of an ancient Chinese emperor for his work on the subject. 528 pages, $17, Amazon.com by Ted Kaptchuck If only we’d listened sooner. The fact is, in modern China, the mere possession of Cannabis can result in time behind bars. Perhaps it’s time to revisit the wisdom of Shen Nung.

24/dec. 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

Nung was a pharmacologist long before the term existed.

painting by wiki commons

some 4,500 years ago, Chinese Emperor Shen Nung

Shen Nung In this burgeoning, amazing age of Cannabis legalization in America, it can be easy to forget just how taboo it was to admit to being a consumer of this plant even a few years ago.That’s why we want to highlight amazing Cannabis pioneers throughout history.

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By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN | BACKGROUND CREATIVE COMMONS

William A. Spilo The international heli ski guide and co-founder of CBD Luxe talks about the power of Cannabis and finding relief in CBD medicine after years of hitting the slopes.

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CBD LUXE PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FROM Smoke Time Aurora // Patient 2 Patient Mukilteo Med Source Patient Network // Woodinville Quality Collective

shoulders tearing apart, losing feeling in my extremities, they told me I could be paralyzed. What I find is that it relieves a lot of my back pain, tension-related issues and it is very relaxing; it gives me more of a serene state. I used to have to take tons of pharmaceuticals to not get the same relief.

#1 TELL ME ABOUT STARTING OUT AS A SKIER VS. MAKING IT A CAREER. I started skiing at age three on the East Coast. My family would take trips to Vermont and Massachusetts. It wasn’t like what you see today where kids live in ski towns. It was weekend trips and a holiday or two until we moved to New Hampshire for high school and it became every day. I moved to Colorado in 1988 to pursue college, but instead I was sent around the world snowboarding, training and doing competitions and never really looked back. I got flown to Asia to set up a snowboard program that will be in the Olympics this year, went to Europe, drove a van from Canada to Costa Rica to work on surfing for a year, guided trips to Nepal, Iceland, Chile, Croatia and more. Snowboarding has been really good to me.

#5 could you use traditional Cannabis and do your job? When I am working, I can’t smoke. If an accident happens, they test you, and accidents happen all the time. Plus, the level of what we are doing is so intense, you need to be firing on all eight cylinders, and I find that when people smoke they get more scared and hesitant, and hesitation kills in the mountains. The difference between life and death is all about split-second decision making, making clear and educated choices.

#2 Today you guide professional athletes and filmmakers in some of the most remote mountains in the world. What is that like?

#6 Why did you want to start making these CBD products?

It’s a great way to see the world with like-minded people, great culture. We have a fun global community, but it is a niche and it’s small. Being in Alaska is the epicenter of big-mountain skiing. Anybody worth their salt in the ski film industry has to have an Alaska segment. They are the most picturesque and extreme fluted mountains I’ve ever seen. I’ve spent a lot of time in a helicopter. It’s hard to get jaded in such an incredible machine and the instant gratification it provides. You see a distant mountain and suddenly you’re five minutes from skiing it. There’s so much intensity and camaraderie, it is extremely fulfilling and rewarding. We get dropped off by the heli and meet at the bottom.

I have to go to gym a minimum of four days a week, heat up and stretch just to get my hands near my feet. I think in my early years my balls were a little bigger than my skill. What’s nice is that CBD allows me to get off the NSAIDs, and I can feel it in my stomach after ibuprofen or Aleve for weeks — it’s not worth it. I wanted to be able to share that with others who are going through the same pain and problems I live with. I feel like at the end of the day, I’ve done something positive for people. If there is one person who can use their product and get off an opiate or other pill, that’s a real benefit...it’s something that means a lot to me personally.

#3 Have you witnessed a lot of injuries as a professional athlete and guide? What qualifications do you have to have? My certifications include Avalanche Level 1-3, AMGA crevasse rescue, wilderness EMT, incident command and more. I’ve been really lucky for the amount of time in mountains and number of movies and aggressive clients and never had any serious injuries with clients. Common injuries are sprained and torn ligaments and knees and dislocated shoulders for boarders, bringing lots of inflammation. Pharmacology is what most people have resorted to. Most people I deal with have a steady NSAID routine, taking ibuprofen every day, which is why the CBD is great. The NSAIDs are really hard on the liver and kidneys; the tradeoff is tremendous.

#4 How has CBD changed your outlook on modern medicine? With 45 years of being around Cannabis, back in the day, everything was really hush-hush. I never talked about grass when working or with anyone I worked with. Now I recommend CBD to everyone I meet. I’m shocked at the efficacy of CBD for inflammation and pain. Getting my neck fused was a pretty big deal. I have a plate and six screws in my neck, both shoulders redone, left knee done twice and plastic put in my face. None of those are from crashes; those are all maintenance. All of my surgeries have been maintenance:

#7 What kind of products is your company making and how are they different from what is on the market? THE LEVEL OF WHAT WE ARE DOING IS SO INTENSE, YOU NEED TO BE FIRING ON ALL EIGHT CYLINDERS, AND I FIND THAT WHEN PEOPLE SMOKE THEY GET MORE SCARED AND HESITANT, AND HESITATION KILLS IN THE MOUNTAINS.

We start with Organic hemp grown in Europe and processed into a pharma-grade isolate in the U.K. This is organic according to U.K. standards, which are higher than in the U.S. It is the highest grade of CBD you will find, with no heavy metals, pesticides or molds. Ninety-nine point nine percent pure CBD, nothing less. We put 125 mg of CBD into our natural sublingual spray that is not diluted with chemicals. Available unflavored and mint flavored, we have more flavors coming soon and a day/nighttime formula too. Capsules and cartridges are launching in December too, with a topical pain stick in the beginning of 2016.

#8 how does Cannabis fit into colorado culture? It seems like Cannabis culture is part of everything; it’s an alternative lifestyle pastime and so is skiing, so the integration is there. A lot of people that enjoy Cannabis enjoy skiing and lend themselves to the ideals. That independent adventure... it’s a solo sport. It’s you and the mountain with a lot of headspace. I think people who enjoy headspace enjoy Cannabis as well.

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PROFILE

By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

#1 How did you get involved in the industry and what is your relationship with the plant? I’ve been using Cannabis for 30 years. I started using as a kid in the sense to get high. In the last eight years, Cannabis has changed through extraction, topicals and medibles. It gave me a different option to consume. Today I don’t consume to get high; I consume to feel at ease.

#2 When did you open your first dispensary and how has it changed over time? It opened as Lewis and Clark Collective in May 2013. At that time, my partners dictated what happened. It was more about selling weed than helping patients. Once I separated from them, I switched to the philosophy from my restaurant: learning about the consumer and treating them like a family member. We switched three days before the 3460 licensing, February 26, 2014, and became Canna-Daddy’s Wellness Center. We went from doing $200k a year to $1.8 million in nine months as CannaDaddy’s. By switching names, focusing on advertising, knowledge for budtenders, we gave a different vibe to the patients that came in and treated them with respect, honor, integrity, loyalty: with that, came success. An overnight success.

#3 How has the industry changed since the Oct. 1 recreational shift? I initially lost half my medicinal patient business, but they are starting to come back. Meanwhile, the rec people love it! We have a separation [in the dispensary] with one side medicinal, one side recreational. The hardest part for patients to deal with now is the lines. With our shop, they understand there is no wait for medicine with six budtending stations all day, compared to an average place with only two stations that serve both rec and medical out of the same station. We have seen an average of 400450 visitors a day, with 205 being the most patients we ever saw in a day before the change.

#4 You have faced challenges with owning a dispensary, and that has led you to start a distribution company called Busy Bee Distributing. What drove you to start this Cannabis business? The reason is because Canna-Daddy’s was built on 500 different types of farmers and vendors that made up our inventory. What we saw was the need to take that craft farmer or industrial farmer to a place from the unregulated market to regulated. Busy Bee gives vendors the ability to bring products in like flower, medibles, tincture or concentrate to a hub where it can be inspected and tested. Then a dispensary owner can come in and purchase product, have it delivered and money handled

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8 Questions for the biz man brad zusman Chatting with the CEO and founder of Canna-Daddy’s Wellness Center, Busy Bee Distributing and Blaze Bars about the changing recreational Cannabis industry in Oregon.

safely through bank transfer or armored truck service. Our philosophy is the same in the dispensary as in the distribution company. We’re all about bringing people together as one. What has to happen in the industry is really hard, and one thing I want to show through Busy Bee is the right channels needed to go through to develop product and go to market.

#5 In addition to gathering products into one major hub, your distribution model also wants to help companies develop better packaging and compliance, and also get paid in a safer way. Tell us about your services for vendors. People miss the infrastructure it takes to put the product on the market. A lot of vendors’ or farmers’ or processors’ products are in 10-15 dispensaries. We distribute currently to 125, and they get scared because they don’t have sources for continuous oil or product or the ability to service that many accounts. We help sourcing the product and deliver to market. If we have to help them with the design of a logo or packaging, create an ad, help with trademarks, we’re there to assist with more than just sales. We are the whole package, and we want to transfer stoners into the business age and make them successful. The companies that will survive coming changes are the strong players. Not to discredit to anyone, but the unfair reason why big corporations come in and steal the show is organization, balance, and structure, more so they know how to handle growth. A lot of Cannabis companies don’t know how to grow.

#6 What inspired you to launch BLAZE BARS? Years ago I had a gourmet BBQ line called Silver Baron Gourmet Sauces that won awards and was sold in Costco, Fred Meyers, Thriftway and many other stores. It taught me how to go out and build slow, and to take a concept from raw to finished product. I had the idea for Blaze Bars ‘cause I was in Denver a few years ago for 420 and I saw the Incredibles brand bars, ate one, and knew because of my culinary background I could create something so much more pleasant. Most medibles on the market aren’t pleasant-tasting, and are inaccurate about cannabinoid levels. I spent $52,000 on R&D before the first bar sold. I wanted to make sure product to market was what it said on

THERE WILL BE A NEW CHALLENGE IN EVERY COUNTRY AND STATE UNTIL INTER-STATE COMMERCE IS ALLOWED AND CANNABIS IS DESCHEDULED.

the box, with great flavor and great effect. We use RSO in the candy bar, which has a more soothing/calming effect than BHO. Accuracy and taste was more important than anything in world. The downfall of [too many] medibles is misrepresentation of THC or CBD in the product itself. Misleading products are not good for a dispensary or a budtender, and especially not good for consumers.

#7 are you concerned by the new rules and the changing system for medical and recreational Cannabis? how do you think they will affect the future? What I am learning really quick now is everywhere I go with Blaze Bars, there will be a new challenge in every country and state until inter-state commerce is allowed and Cannabis is descheduled. The new draft rules coming out could destroy the industry for a while. Potentially 80 percent of medibles gone and companies that won’t know how to or be able to comply to new rules. I think the state and regulators need to pay a little more attention to the industry. It’s an injustice to all businesses trying to move the industry forward. Look at all other industries; nothing is as regulated as this. I agree that we need regulation, but it needs to be honorable and integrity-driven.

#8 How has 18 years of experience owning rivers edge cafe and catering prepared you for this industry? I’ve been in the restaurant business for 35 years, and that experience is the reason I excel today in Cannabis. Running a restaurant and catering brought me into every type of industry, to walk through and see different processes from start to finish. Raw to finish. That taught me how to manage a lot of things at one time. I also failed a lot in my life, and every one taught me how to succeed today. I always say this: you have to learn from your failures, because you will never be successful till you understand failure and appreciate success. Canna-Daddys.com BusyBeeDist.com Blazebars.com

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WARNING: THIS PRODUCT HAS INTOXICATING EFFECTS AND MAY BE HABIT FORMING. SMOKING IS HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH. THERE MAY BE HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF THIS PRODUCT. SHOULD NOT BE USED BY WOMEN THAT ARE PREGNANT OR BREAST FEEDING. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS TWENTY-ONE AND OLDER. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. MARIJUANA CAN IMPAIR CONCENTRATION, COORDINATION, AND JUDGMENT. DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG.

Here comes Santa Claus..

OPEN SUNDAY-THURSDAY 10AM- 9PM, FRIDAY-SATURDAY 10AM-10PM . 21 AND OVER WITH ID CONVENIENTLY LOCATED OFF I-5 EXIT#189 IN SOUTH EVERETT - 9506 19TH AVE SE. (425)379-8888 MJPOTSHOP.COM

HIGH GRADE CO2 CANNABIS OIL

ALL NEW GLASS AND METAL CARTRIDGE FOR SMOOTH, CLEAN AND CONSISTENT HITS EVERY TIME.

SMOOTH • CLEAN • SIMPLE

UBI 603345333 ©CLARITY FARMS, WASHINGTON

access Strains 5/5 OUR FAVORITE part here is the consumer-oriented

pricing on flower, with taxes included on all items. They have a solid selection of $25 eighths every day, with top shelf topping out at $45 an eighth. For those in the market for an ounce, four options are priced at $180, tax included, and many top shelf options from $250-280. The store focuses on good quality flower at a fair price and is the best-priced shop currently in Tacoma. Brands like Dawgstar, Dama, Western Culture and Spark all had great-looking options. We also loved the diverse selection of prerolls!

Edibles 3/5 WHILE WE didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find a huge

selection of edibles at Green Collar, the choices available were worth checking out. They had a nice selection of drinks and edibles from Evergreen Herbal, as well as a couple CBD options. They had chocolates and other choices from Magic Kitchen, and hard candy options and drink mixes from Zoots.

Green collar club

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Concentrates 5/5 THE SELECTION at Green Collar is solid, with

a bounty of $30 half grams and $50 grams. We saw Omega Concentrates and Slab Mechanics for top shelf BHO and great CO2 options like Ionic and Landrace Labs. A cool option available here was the selection of Âź grams, which were all priced less than $20. We also liked the wide variety of cartridges, including Liberty Reach, Dama, Dopen and JUJU Joints. For deals, check out the Kettle River $35 grams of BHO, which are sure to deliver great taste at a value price.

Reviewed

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Environment 5/5 FRIENDLY AND HELPFUL, the staff are easy

to work with and happy to answer questions, helping users find the best product for their recreational choices. Often on sunny days, there’s a barbeque going outside, and the owners have always enjoyed sharing good Cannabis along with a free meal for people stopping by. We expect to see more good things from this business as it continues to expand in 2016!

CASCADE CONNIE

Overall 18/20 THIS IS a quality recreational store

that has learned how to take care of consumers from years on the medical side. They clearly care about offering the best quality products at the best price. Green Collar offers better pricing than the majority of shops in or outside of Tacoma. Stop by, check them out and sign up for their loyalty program.

Hybrid indica-dominant strain bursting with flavor

BY WESTERN CULTURED > The bag appeal

THE SCORE

on this nitrogen-packed fire is about a roma : as good as it gets in the recreational d en s ity: market right now. Fluffy and crystally cure : nugs float inside the bag, begging to l ooks : smoke while leaving a light trace of fl avor: THC on the packaging. Tearing open the bag reveals a bouquet of delicious e ffe ct: Cannabis smells from fresh berries and TOTA L : 26/30 pine needles to a warm, earthy smell when cracked open. The smoke burns smoothly, with a light sweet taste and little to no cough. This strain is an indica hybrid with a hazy charm. Time will slow down, so definitely plan something fun to do without a big rush. WesternCultured.com ($45, 3.5g)

GREEN COLLAR CLUB (RECREATIONAL)

10422 Pacific Ave S, Tacoma 98444 (253) 267-0675 // Menu on Leafly

Often on sunny days, there’s a barbeque going outside — and it’s free for any customer.

THREE KINGS CO2 OIL

Easily dabbable energetic oil blend

BY LANDRACE LABS This ¼ gram package of Three Kings CO2 is va l ue : the perfect size for someone who e ffe ct: wants to sample a strain before ta s te : committing to a bigger purchase, l a be l : which we definitely recommend. TOTA L : 19/20 Landrace Labs is producing consistently high-quality oils for consumers, and this example was especially tasty. The light yellow and gold oil is easy to dab, with a clean and smooth vapor that transfers a ton of taste. Flavors of sour fuel hit the palate hard, with a soft taste of lemongrass to finish. Effects are heavily cerebral and energetic, making this great for daytime use. Landracelabs.com. ($15, 0.25g) THE SCORE

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LOCALLY OWNED AND LOCALLY GROWN

2200 PACIFIC ST. BELLINGHAM, WA 98229

NEW PATIENTS RECEIVE A FREE GRAM OF FLOWER WITH ANY DONATION!

BELLINGHAM S L A I C E P S Y L K E E W R OU

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access

Tacoma holistic collective Strains 5/5 PLAN TO take your time enjoying

the flavors and smells at THC. There are dozens of varieties, all quality, ranging in price from $8-11 per gram. We loved the sweet piney smell of the Pez, and the Jesus OG was one of the best examples we have ever seen. All the flower is screened for quality and tested before being made available to patients. The fair prices and ample prduction selection makes for happy patients!

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Reviewed

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Edibles 5/5

Concentrates 4/5

THE SELECTION of edibles at THC is

THC HAS a great selection

seriously on point, with a variety of in-house brands and quality outside products to meet the needs of patients. The house-made brownies and caramels are potent and fairly priced, and pack a heady dose of cannabinoids. We really liked the Bare Butter honey peanut butter pacakge, an easy-to-travel-with dose of 75 mg. They also carry Evergreen Herbal products, Canna Vita Oreos, Kushman edibles and the famous Goo Balls.

of concentrates, including a selection of Deep Green FECO. They had high CBD oils and capsules, as well as traditional high THC doses. They also have CO2 Organics dabbable oil, Juju Joints for those who love cartridges and Black Beauty solventless hash. We also enjoyed their selection of BHO shatter and crumble.

COTTON CANDY

A tasty sativa-leaning strain with some tremendous staying power

GROWN INHOUSE > This flower is so loud it reaches

THE SCORE

out to smack you. Cracking a nug releases sweet a roma : notes of sugar and citrus and a deep sour smell, d en s ity: and doing so covers the fingers in frosty trichome cure : goodness. I felt the effects grabbing my toes and l ooks : creeping through my body, making for a nicely fl avor: balanced body and mind high that lasted a while! e ffe ct: Cotton Candy is great for pain or anxiety and can TOTA L : 28/30 be used as daytime or nighttime medicine. ($11/g)

Environment 5/5 THE STAFF at THC are friendly and

there to help medical patients connect with the medicine they need and deserve. It’s never a problem to answer questions or open another jar, with the collective putting patient needs first. This is also evident in how they choose their medicine, with quality control coming before hype or brand name. This focus has fostered a truly medical environment that stands out as a shining example of the MMJ industry.

BLACKBERRY SUPER OIL

PROCESSED INHOUSE > The Blackberry Super Oil

THE SCORE

is a heady and potent piece of BHO. Rich and va lu e: deep in color, the oil vaporizes easily and has ef f ec t: a full and smooth smoke that leaves the taste ta st e: of berries on the tongue. The powerful sativa la b el: effects come on strong and quick — a treat in the T O TA L: 18/20 daytime. Many other options as well. ($30, 0.5g)

Overall 19/20 ONE OF the first collectives

Tasty BHO offers near-instant Sativa-fueled energy

to join the UFCW Cannabis Union, THC acts and feels like a professional business. The workers are happy too, since they get the security of sick leave and paid vacations, which is passed on to the patient in the form of quality help and good cheer. THC has applied for a 5052 license, and we expect to see this business doing great things for a while.

TACOMA HOLISTIC COLLECTIVE (MEDICAL)

3908 6th Ave, Tacoma, WA 98406 (253) 292-0591 // Menu on Leafly

It’s never a problem to answer questions or open another jar, with the collective putting patient needs first. DEC. 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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The Joint Recreational 1510 N Wenatchee Ave. Wenatchee, WA 98801 This product has intoxicating effects and may be habit forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults twenty-one and older. Keep out of the reach of children.

NORTHWEST LEAF

STRAIN OF THE MONTH By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN IF POT WAS STILL ILLEGAL,

this ridiculous strain would definitely be a sinner’s delight, with some of the highest THC levels we’ve seen in Washington. This Sin City Seeds strain is a cross between Girl Scout Cookies and Blue Power, with powerful hybrid effects that are great for pain and heavy tolerance users. This could be considered slightly indica-dominant, but it’s all about intent. This strain makes a great daytime use for patients with serious conditions and it works well for an end-of-the-day-option for those looking to relax and enjoy the last mellow moments of a day. Medium-density nugs of this strain are covered in trichomes that shine and sparkle in light, leaving the fingers coated in resin. The strain leads with a thick mint smell that is earthy and complex underneath, with notes of pine and sugar. The smoke is full without being heavy on the lungs, and has a mild and sweet exhale that tickles the nose pleasantly. Mind effects hit quickly, rushing to the third eye and leaving the head tingling at a higher vibration. The body high slowly melts through from the head down to fingers and toes, leaving a pleasant and warm euphoria that lasts for one to two hours. A lingering happiness sticks around too, which marks this strain as a day-improver. Patients will find great use for depression, anxiety, stress and any pain issues. HERBAL HEALING (MEDICAL)

3062 SW Highway 16, Suite A, Gorst, WA 98312 (360) 813-3644 // Menu on Leafly

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SIN MIN

THE BODY HIGH SLOWLY MELTS THROUGH FROM THE HEAD DOWN TO FINGERS AND TOES...

GROWN by HERBAL HEALING

28.83% THC |0.27% CBD |0.37% cbg 3.26% TERP-TOTAL | TESTING by ANALYTICAL 360

NT COOKIES

recipes

By LAURIE WOLF for NORTHWEST LEAF | PHOTOS by BRUCE WOLF for NORTHWEST LEAF

XMAS FLAT BREADS

8 servings 3 wedges per person

INGREDIENTS

4 6-inch flat breads

3 tablespoons Canna-olive oil

This tasty, savory appetizer is sure to wow (and medicate) guests year-round

1. Heat oven to 340. Place flat breads on a baking sheet with sides. Brush breads with the canna-olive oil. 2. Heat olive oil in a large non-stick sauté pan. Add garlic, sauté 2-3 min. Add onion and sauté 5-6 min. 3. Add spinach and cook briefly, 4-5 min. You want the spinach leaves to still have some body left to them. 4. Place cooked mixture atop the flatbreads. Distribute the goat cheese and sprinkle with salt and pepper. 5. Bake the breads until the edges are golden brown and the cheese has melted. Cut into six wedges each.

1 tablespoon olive oil 2 cloves garlic, minced 1 small red onion, peeled and sliced 6 cups fresh spinach, packed 4 ounces herbed crumble goat cheese Salt and pepper to taste Crushed red pepper, optional

SMOKED SALMON SPREAD

CANNA BLOODY MARY’S INGREDIENTS

8 cups V8 juice 1/2 cup lime juice

3 tablespoons canna-oil infused with 1 teaspoon black pepper and ½ teaspoon celery salt 3 tablespoons bottled horseradish 3 tablespoons Worcestershire 2 tablespoons pickle or caper juice 1 teaspoon hot sauce ¼ teaspoon ginger Salt to taste (Garnish: radish, celery, scallion, lime wedge, serrano pepper)

Make these by the pitcher; they’re not just for brunch!

1. Place the endive leaves on your favorite work surface.

2. In a medium bowl, combine

goat cheese, blue cheese and the canna-butter and mix well.

3. Place a heaping teaspoon of

the cheese mixture on the endive, toward the end. Sprinkle with the chives and the grated lemon zest.

INGREDIENTS

¼ cup mayonnaise 3 oz. cream cheese 3 tablespoons canna-butter 1 tablespoon chopped scallion 1 tablespoon capers, drained 1 tablespoon lemon juice 2 oz. smoked salmon, chopped ½ teaspoon coarse black pepper Hot sauce and salt to taste

1. Combine all the

ingredients except for the hot sauce and the salt in the bowl of your food processor.

2. Process the mixture until smooth. Add the hot sauce and salt to taste.

3. Serve with crackers or

vegetables, or go wild and serve both. Makes 1.5 cups.

Make a pitcher of these fiery Bloody Marys for your adults-only holiday party. No vodka; this libation is infused with canna-olive oil, cracked black pepper and celery salt. Garnish away, over-the-top is good during the holiday season. The two appetizers are pretty easy; you can make the salmon spread the night before. The Cannabis-brushed flat bread smells amazing in the oven and it is perfect with the spicy drink. At our house, we hang Cannabis, not mistletoe.

When you meet under the hanging herb, you must do a hit off your best bong. Happy holidays people. And let’s all do the best we can to promote peace on Earth.

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r fo

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lowest donation rates in Seattle

device of the month

photos by Daniel Berman | STYLING by MALINA LOPEZ

Beached GLASS ART by CHASE HARD-

@ HARDMAN_ART_GLASS

Jellyfish Encalmo Rig, $160 Jellyfish Spoon Pipes, $60

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Chase, a glass artist from the Southern Oregon Coast, says he was inspired by his natural surroundings to create these beautiful pieces. “I’m always around the ocean and have been blowing glass here for about seven years. I’ve come up with some new Sherlock pieces using the shells and I’m looking forward to doing more collabs with other artists using different sea shells.”

Sandblasted Shell Rig, $160 Sandblasted Shell Pipes, $60

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concentrates

By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

Its intense aromas of pine and kush warm the nose, filling the air in a surprising way for a single gram of oil.

Peeling the sticky parchment

off this sultry rosin reveals a thick and distinguished Dutch Treat smell that encompass the true nature of the strain. Making rosin takes two things: heat and pressure. To make good rosin takes a specialized mixture of skill and quality product, and this concentrate has both. No solvents were used and none are tasted in this beautiful oil. The Cannabis Reverend, who pressed local flower to make a special treat, produced this product. Sappy and thick and full of flavor, this oil is easy to dab. Its intense aromas of pine and warm kush fill the nose, filling the air in a surprising way for a single gram of oil. This is a true essential oil. Dabbing this oil is best done at low temperature with small to medium dabs, both to preserve flavor and prevent coughing. The thick vapor produced is extremely tasty but lingers in the lungs; this is a heavy one. Effects are quick and heavy, with a content, happy euphoria starting immediately on exhale. There is a quick rush to a peak high too, but solid lasting power balances this high. While itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hard not to take multiple dabs of this tasty oil, one is enough!

Available at PDA and Rainier Xpress More info available at ThincPure.com

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Dutch Treat Rosin TEST RESULTS

PROCESSED BY jeff church //////// cannabis reverend thinc pure concentrates

71.51% THC Total 0.06% CBD Total 3.74% CBg Total 3.11% terps-total

TEST RESULTS by ANALYTICAL360

@NWLEAF #NWLEAF

Happy Holidays NORTHWEST LEAF

Reviews

By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

This tabletop unit contains a pneumatic cylinder, an air filter, heated plates and an e-nail control box for temperature control.

HASH MESH

by westar solutions, $10 WestarSolutions.com

ROSIN PRESS by Mr. Rosin, $1,000

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Available in 2.5-inch or 3.5-inch plates, round or square, this all-in-one unit is the first portable press designed for processing rosin on the market. This tabletop unit contains a pneumatic cylinder, air filter, up/ down lever, heated plates and an e-nail control box for temperature control. The user chooses the temperature, sets the paper and product and is ready to press. The amount of pressure and temperature are fully adjustable, making precision extraction a new reality. The only things needed for this press are an air compressor, which powers the unit, and a basic electrical outlet. And of course, quality product to squish!

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Finally, an option for making rosin outside of parchment paper! Westar Solutions has made mesh for ice water and dry sift extraction for years, and they applied that experience in a new mesh format for rosin. The bags come in a variety of physical sizes and microns, allowing the aspiring hash maker to choose exactly what they need. The dye-free and chemical-free bags can handle temperatures up to 400 degrees, and have multiple use options depending on the type of product being pressed. Whether pressing flower, hash or a solvent-based oil, Mash Mesh has a bag that will meet your needs.

Reviews

By STEVE ELLIOTT Editor, Tokesignals.com

By J.B. HAZE | GREEN CANDY PRESS, 2015 | 158 PAGES | $16 PAPERBACK

CANNABIS REGENERATION A multiple harvest method for greater yields

he burgeoning field of Cancess to fresh clones and seeds due to the draconabis grow books is now popnian laws prohibiting Cannabis cultivation and ulated thickly enough to have consumption. areas of specialty. Witness the The book is an intermediate grow guide that new Green Candy Press release, dispenses with the basics, diving instead into “Cannabis Regeneration,” which focuses on the science of marijuana growing. The author’s harvesting twice from the same plant. grow method, which aims to increase Specifically, J.B. Haze’s tome is a deplant production and save time and HAZE’S tailed explanation of a how to regenermoney for the home grower, means no REGENERATION more seeds and no more clones — just ate a Cannabis plant that has already been harvested, using step-by-step METHOD LETS YOU a few perfect plants you keep growing photos to guide you along the way. forever. RECYCLE YOUR “There are three paths,” the book tells Growing weed, of course, can take HARVESTED CAN- a lot of time, money, energy and efus. “Seed, clone, regeneration. Ignoring any one is akin to handing a third of NABIS PLANTS AND fort — and after harvesting the plants the pie back to God.” at the end, you just throw much of it Written in an educational, friend- BRING THEM TO LIFE away. But it doesn’t have to be that way. ly and humorous style for discerning AGAIN AND AGAIN Haze’s regeneration method lets you Cannabis cultivators looking to get recycle your harvested Cannabis plants more bang for their buck, this is the only book and bring them back to life again and again, in I’ve seen that shows readers how to get multiple order to harvest more buds with less hassle. harvests from a single plant. Haze is a first-time According to Haze, if you follow the steps author with Green Candy Press and wants to in this book, you can harvest every one of your spread his knowledge about regeneration with Cannabis plants several times without comprothe world, especially growers with limited acmising the quality of your buds.

“There are three paths: seed, clone, regeneration. Ignoring any one is akin to handing a third of the pie back to God.”

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health & science

Cannabis for menopause

Cannabis surges into the spotlight, women are com-

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Photo courtesy of Claus Rebler

nabis can benefit menstruating women or improve sexual function or mood, but what about menopausal or perimenopausal women? ing out in praise of the plant’s spectrum of healBy Menopause occurs in women anywhere between the ages of 40ing abilities. Most of the focus and research with SIMONE FISCHER 55. It is defined as the 12 months after a woman’s last menstrual regard to women’s health has centered around for cycle. The body experiences a drop of estrogen that can result PMS/PMDD Cannabis pain management. I NORTHWEST LEAF in unpleasant physical side effects. Hot flashes, depression and have written about the topic of women’s health and Cannabis, joint pain are common complaints. I am a 20-something woman from the perspective of my own experience, since 2013. Although experiencing some of these issues due to surgical intervention. My things like endometriosis or severe PMDD are not qualifying conattention has shifted towards a women’s health issue that doesn’t reditions by Oregon’s medical marijuana standards, many women who ceive nearly as much attention as it should. suffer from these issues qualify under “severe pain” according to the Oregon Despite recent popularity, not much has been said on the topic of menoHealth Authority (OHA). pause and Cannabis. In 2014, I underwent emergency surgery that resulted Now that Cannabis is finally legal in Oregon, women have full access to in the loss of my right ovary due to undiagnosed stage 5 endometriosis. Since over-the-counter Cannabis from a licensed dispensary. Numerous mainmy recovery, I have experienced perimenopausal symptoms. Although I still stream publications have covered the almost cliché notion of assuming Can-

have my left ovary, my hormonal adjustment and ability to produce enough estrogen has lagged. The hot flashes are the absolute worst. I wake up in a sheet of sweat: my pillow, comforter and sheets all ruined and completely soaked. I resulted to sleeping on towels to at least prepare for my nightly episodes. After a trip to the doctors, I was not left with many options. It amazes me that although 50 percent of the population is female, most female health issues are left with few answers, and fewer treatment options (that do not involve Hormone Replacement

pression, anxiety and hot flashes, but not other, such as sex problems, heart discomfort, exhaustion, dry vagina and bladder problems. Expectancies mediated the links between menopause symptoms and frequency of use. Average intoxication did not correlate with symptoms or expectations of relief.” The bottom line was: women reported that Cannabis helped with their symptoms of menopause. The conclusion explains that as our population ages, increased research could show how medical marijuana can help symptoms of menopause and “prove heuristic.” The majority of medical focus has landed on female health issues specific to non-menopausal women. Not all of us are suffering from menopause, but someday we (women) all will. My endometriosis diagnosis revealed the glaring favoritism in regard to what we chose to prioritize in women’s health. If your goal is conception — or anything fertility-related — you can almost buy a new uterus (uterine transplants might be a thing in the near future). We can rove Mars, but a simple hot flash stumps science and M.D.’s? I am over being told, “just deal with it.”

Photo courtesy of Robert Bayer

The women reported that Cannabis helped with their painful symptoms Therapy or HRT). In place of narcotics, I have used Cannabis to manage chronic pain that stems from endometriosis. I prefer to use concentrates to mitigate daily pain and edibles when my pain is severe. After a month of poor-quality sleep, and during particularly a painful evening, I decided to eat an edible before I went to bed. I was at my wit’s end, rubbing peppermint oil on the back of my neck and back before bed and supplementing with herbs that aid in temperature control. Nothing on the Internet was helping at this point. I ate the edible around 10 p.m. and was out before 11 p.m. I slept until noon the next day, uninterrupted. I was thrilled with the results and have taken edibles before I sleep ever since. The frequency and intensity of my hot flashes has decreased dramatically. It occurred to me that I never experienced the severe hot flashes throughout the day because I use concentrates on a steady, consistent basis to manage pain. Edibles kept my hot flashes at bay during extended times I was not able to ingest Cannabis, like during nightly sleep. I reached out to Dr. Mitch Earleywine, a respected professor and Cannabis scholar on the East Coast, to see if he had conducted or reviewed research on Cannabis and menopause. Lo and behold, he was in the process of getting a study on the subject reviewed. The study was titled “Expectancy Mediated Effects of Marijuana on Menopause Symptoms,” and the research was conducted by Melissa N. Salvin, Stacey Farmer and Dr. Mitch Earleywine himself at the University of Albany. The results stated: “Women expected marijuana to improve some symptoms of menopause as joint/ muscle discomfort, irritability, sleep problems, de-

I demand treatment options. There seems to be a discrepancy between prioritizing women’s fertility, over hormonal health conditions. I am not alluding that one condition should trump another, but more attention must be given to other issues like menopause. Dr. Earleywine’s study explains that benefits are noted, but more research must be conducted. I see Cannabis marketed to women either as a sexual enhancer (lubricants, topicals) or as a means to mitigate menstrual-related pain. Meanwhile, research around menopause and Cannabis is still coming to light. All women will experience the course of menopause at some point during their lives, and the time is now to raise awareness around the issue. I can tell you as a woman who is experiencing perimenopausal symptoms at a very young age, it isn’t going to be any easier to deal with at 50. My bout of poor health revealed the ways our medical industry ignores researching the therapeutic benefits of Cannabis for issues like menopause. The beautiful thing is that it doesn’t have to stay this way. Understanding full spectrum of multi-metabolite research on Cannabis will be key to helping health issues from menopause and beyond.

Simone Fischer is a Portland OMMP patient and Cannabis advocate. She is a contributing editor at Ladybud Magazine and a graduate of women’s and gender studies from Portland State University.

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health & science

BEAT THE SUGAR BLUES this Holiday Season Why do all the things that are so good for us taste so bad, yet all the things that are so bad for us taste so good? Americans consume refined sugars in numerous forms. Obvious sugary culprits include cake, candy, ice cream, cookies, etc. Then, the holidays, it is inevitable that the average consumption of pies, there are the less obvious sources such as breads, sauces, crackers, candy canes and sugar plums increases. Americans are getting BY NORTHWEST LEAF condiments, lunch meats, soups and even packaged vegetables. their hands caught in the cookie jar year-round, it seems. The SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR Many become unaware of the total consumption of sugar in their United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports that DR. SCOTT D. ROSE diets and the numbers start to mount due to the cravings experithe average American consumes anywhere from 150 to 170 enced, which are induced by hormonal and physiological changes. pounds of refined sugars in one year! You may think that is a gross An addiction cycle to sugar is very well known. In fact, sugar can overestimate for yourself. However, for every American who eats be equally as addicting as cocaine. An individual eats a sugary subonly five pounds of sugar each year, there is one who eats about 295 stance and has a pleasurable experience, which encourages him or her to pounds per year. That is a lot of sugar — especially when you compare it to reinforce that feeling by making the same choice. After consumption, blood how much we consumed on average in the past. sugar levels spike and dopamine is released in the brain, driving the addiction Less than 100 years ago, the average intake of sugar was only about four cycle. Mass insulin secretion leads to lowered blood sugar through efficient pounds per person per year: not 150, 170 or 295 pounds! The United States is fat storage. With the perceived lowered blood sugar, the sugar high is sought the world’s largest consumer of sugar. Not only is the U.S. one of the largest once again. The lowered blood sugar and cravings for more sugar drive the producers of sugar, we are also the largest importer of sugar. We just can’t addiction cycle to sugar. seem to get enough! High sugar consumption has been well-documented to More than one third of Americans are currently obese, includlead to heart disease (esp. precursors such as high blood pressure and ing 17 percent of children. The U.S. now spends more than $190 high cholesterol), diabetes, weight gain and impaired immune billion annually treating diseases that are tied directly to obesity. function. Are you eating five pounds of sugar per year, or are you The obesity rate in the U.S. has more than doubled since the 1980s at the other end of the spectrum? Are you eating 30-34 five-pound amongst adults and tripled amongst children. Seven percent of bags of sugar each year like a good average American? Americans now have some form of diabetes, while an American How much sugar is 150 to 170 pounds and how could a peris 10 times more likely today to be diagnosed with type 2 diason possibly consume enough daily to equal that amount? That betes than 10 years ago. would be 1/4 to 1/2 cups daily, or 30 to 60 teaspoons in 24 hours. Still not convinced it can be done? There are 120 teaspoons in one pound of sugar. This means 1/4 pound of sugar is equivalent to 30 teaspoons. An average 12-ounce can of soda contains about 10 teaspoons of sugar. It only takes three 12-ounce cans of sodas to equal 1/4 pound of sugar! For many, this is a daily habit. This is only calculating soda.

With the holiday season upon us, so are the sweets and treats. Around

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Images courtesy of Creative Commons: flickr.com/catbeurnier & flickr.com/srmartin

After consuming sugar, dopamine is released in the brain, driving addiction

Consuming a high-sugar diet creates a situation of metabolic dysfunction. sulin receptors, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. Cayenne pepper has The increased calories stored as fat leads to obesity. One in five deaths in the been used to lower blood sugar levels when taken with meals. A multivitamin, U.S. is associated with obesity. Obesity is indeed a marker for chronic and poantioxidant formula, extra magnesium, fish oil and alpha-lipoic acid are all tentially deadly disease, but the underlying problem that links obesity to so good to ask your doctor if the addition of them to your current regimen of many other serious health issues — including heart disease — is metabolic dyssupplements and medications would be appropriate. function. One such syndrome of dysfunction is known as metabolic syndrome. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a philosophy and treatment Metabolic syndrome is also known as syndrome X, or insulin resistance strategies for metabolic syndrome, and out of hundreds of herbal formulas in syndrome and is a collection of at least three to five the TCM system, one study looked at 22 herbal formusigns and symptoms including obesity, elevated blood las in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. With each pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, high serum triherbal formula being its own complex formulation of glycerides,and low good cholesterol levels — all caused multiple herbs, there were three common herbs amongst from consuming too much sugar. Metabolic syndrome the majority of the formulas: ginseng, coptis root and is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular bitter melon. Ginseng increases insulin sensitivity and disease and diabetes. reduces obesity through increasing metabolic energy exThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the U.S. is penditure. Coptis root contains berberine alkaloids that estimated to be 34 percent of the adult population, and lower blood glucose and lipids like triglycerides. Bitter the prevalence increases with age. Associated conditions include gout, fatty melon, or Momordica, protects B cells in the pancreas where insulin is made, liver (especially in concurrent obesity) progressing to nonalcoholic fatty livenhance insulin sensitivity and reduce oxidative stress. Chinese medicine also er disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome(in women), erectile dysfunction (in has other therapies to offer metabolic syndrome such as acupuncture and men) and acanthosis nigricans — a black ring of discoloration around the movement exercises like tai chi. lower neck. The exact cause and mechanisms of metabolic syndrome are still This holiday season, things can be done to not succumb to the cookies and being researched but what we know so far is that diet plays a major role. crumbs. Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, both of which wreak havoc The continuous provision of energy via dietary carbohydrate (sugar), lipid on blood sugar control, can be very helpful. Drinking plenty of water to stay and protein fuels, unmatched by physical activity/energy demand arguably well-hydrated as to not mistake dehydration for sugar cravings. Eat plenty of creates a backlog of the products of mitochondrial oxidation, a process asfruit and sweet vegies to fill the void. Exercise. It reduces your cravings for sociated with progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. sugar. Find time to relax and get sleep and reduce the stress hormone cortisol In other words, the energy equation is quite simple: energy in should equal that drives sugar cravings. Stay away from the sweet stuff if you do not have energy out, and if not, problems start to occur. the willpower to have just one. Moderate all portions to regulate blood sugar. Prevention is the best medicine for metabolic syndrome. Moderate portions Practice mindful eating, that is, eat with the intention of truly experiencing and adequate energy output through exercise is a must. Many studies have the Christmas cookie or slice of cake. Focus on the food, chew slowly and supported this approach, however, one study stated these potentially benefitruly enjoy it in moderation. cial measures are effective in only a minority of people, primarily due to a lack So, are you eating five pounds of sugar a year or 295 pounds? U.S. citizens are of compliance with lifestyle and diet changes. A systematic review of four way over-nourished and the empty, nutrient-lacking calories comrandomized controlled trials found that a Paleolithing from sugar are leading to an epidemic of health problems. ic nutritional pattern (Paleo diet) improved three Obesity, diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome and of five measurable components of the metabolic the list goes on all from an overabundant cheap poisyndrome. The first-line treatment is change son in our food supply. Think of this: there are of lifestyle. If three to six months of efforts essential (and the word essential here refers to at remedying risk factors prove insufficient, something that must be acquired from the diet) then drug treatment is frequently initiated. amino acids from proteins and essential fatty acThe drug approach is usually chasing the ids from fats in the diet, but there are no essential symptoms such as high blood pressure meds, carbohydrates or sugars. Sugar is not required in High sugar consumption diabetes meds and obesity meds. the diet. Another food for thought is that under Natural medicine approaches shine brightly normal blood sugar control at rest, there is about for metabolic syndrome patients in the form one teaspoon of sugar in the blood stream and sevleads to heart disease, of lifestyle, dietary changes and nutritional eral tablespoons in storage form as glycogen in the supplementation. Exercise regimens should liver and the skeletal muscles. Calories in excess be crafted per the individual meeting the of metabolic need tend to be stored and the high diabetes, weight gain and needs and goals of the individual with blood sugar from the overconsumption of sugar in longevity built into the plan. The adthe diet tends to be stored as fat. So with that said, dition of grapefruit before each meal perhaps the best advise is close mouth and move impaired immune function has shown up to a 3.5-pound weight loss feet? Happy holidays! in obese individuals over a 12-week period. This was shown with 1/2 fresh grapefruit each serving, seven ounces of juice or Dr. Scott D. Rose has written about grapefruit capsules. Cannabis and health for years in the pages of The addition of cinnamon to the diet Northwest Leaf and Oregon Leaf. He is an acuhelps to regulate blood sugar through puncturist with a pain resolution clinic in Seattle. the increased sensitivity of the in-

Image courtesy of Creative Commons: flickr.com/vegan-baking

One in five deaths in the U.S. is associated with obesity

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Feature

Every issue, we’ll explore how growers are crafting strains with the goal of helping specific needs, not necessarily obtaining the highest yields.

STORY & PHOTOS by BOB MONTOYA for OREGON LEAF

Micro strains december is here. The cold is a cue to stock

up on what is commonly called “sunshine in a bag.” This month’s strains come from Sonshine Organics in Lacey, Wash. Sarena and Kris have a dedicated crew who maintain a standard consistency in the medical Cannabis market. Always considered top shelf, Kris’s expertise yields some of the best bud in the state. I chose the mainstays that are rock solid for keeping you up and smiling or relaxed and sleeping. It pains me to think we will have to go without safe access to these great meds as soon as this summer.

Growing your own at home sounds sexy, but

the truth is, it is difficult. Crop failure can be costly and heartbreaking and in the end can be more costly than just buying your meds. Education is the key and Sonshine shares their knowledge and genetics. The most wholesome collective in our area has what you need for mind, body and spirit.

Jasmine is a hybrid of Super Silver Haze and

Train Wreck, a 60/40 sativa-dominant strain. She is a good euphoric motivator with strong appetite suppression properties. Jasmine is sweet-smelling to the nose and, when vaporized, the palette as well. The effects come on slow, but last long. It is uplifting and has just enough indica to send you to the kitchen for goodies.

Mr. Nice is a combination of Blueberry

Kush and G13. Kris is an expert with this strain. It is sweet like candy to the nose; a dry pull on the doobie releases yet more grapey goodness. Smoking or vaping brings on a feeling of wellness and relaxation. Best for aches and pains, it can be used to aid in sleeping soundly.

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Jasmine

Bob Montoya is a Cannabis photographer, veteran & well-seasoned grower hailing from Olympia.

Mr. Nice

Best for aches and pains, Mr. Nice can be used to aid in sleeping soundly.

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Preparing Your Space for Success

How to optimize your outdoor grow, harness natural sunlight and create strong permaculture design

divide the areas of the site into those that receive the most light As winter quickly approaches and many bask in all day, those that receive the most light during the morning and the fruits of another successful outdoor season, daytime and those that receive the majority of the light during BY NORTHWEST LEAF it’s a great time to shift your farming focus on the day and afternoon. SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON Earlier lighting time means colder, wetter climates for the preparing your property for next year’s harvest. plants and creatures in those areas, while later lighting usuWinter brings a harsher climate and limits ally means warmer, dryer climates. This can be very helpful for developing the type of ecosystems that will thrive under the enthe number of crops that can be successfully vironments that are most likely to be present and is an example of raised outdoors. This season of apparent dormancy working with nature to accelerate progression. provides ideal conditions for soil to begin the cycle Further, this knowledge will allow you to select the combination of flora and fauna of regenerating retained nutrients used during the (guilds) to most effectively resist the insect previous growing season. By learning the cycles of and pathogenic pressures most common in In an ideal world, the soil food web, you can create assist with the those conditions and prevent any need for additional protection from outside inputs. natural processes that enrich the earth and lead to you could take Observing and taking note of the rotaconsistently faster progression and the benefits of an entire year to tion of the Earth lets you maximize the light a thriving community of plants and animals. The you’re harvesting from the property. Maxiobserve the site as mizing your property’s water harvesting is techniques reviewed this month can be helpful it weathers all the another major component. Few know that as to farmers of all levels of experience. Do not be well as Bill Molson, considered by many to be intimidated if you are only considering a small, first the father of the permaculture movement. Molson started his endeavors in arid, mostly biologically hostile terrain: the Australian Outback. time vegetable garden at your home; these practices Yet while many believed difficulties with water retention wouldn’t be are useful to everyone. faced by anyone in the Northwest, nature proves otherwise. It is im-

1) OBSERVATION Doesn’t sound flashy or sophisticated, but keen and thorough observation of the site you intend to plan or farm is an essential and imperative first step. Even if your property is already planned, (even better in fact) it becomes easier to define the well-established patterns and therefore create new ways to further the process of regeneration and create greater bounty with careful observation. In an ideal world, you could take an entire year to observe the site as it weathers all the seasons. In any duration of time, two areas to pay close attention to are the rotation of the sun as well as the flow of water on the property. The south-facing side of any property in the Northwest will get the most light. As you move east or west of the south marker, you will get more light during the morning or afternoon respectively. You can now

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perative to efficiently harvest all resources, even those in abundance. But if there is plentiful water, you could still be lacking for a nicely balanced lome that isn’t too high in clay matter. Here’s what to do. Mapping the topography of your site to see how existing water flows through the property is a great first step. Gravity will determine the direction of the water over what will usually end up being an evenly graded water table that flows from the higher elevation on downwards.

Along the way, various areas of your property may have developed particular aptitude at gathering and storing water through different depressions, outcrops and buttes. The areas of natural collection allow you to trace the water’s source and either divert the source to an area of the property where it is needed more or access the existing storage areas (if it’s location is suitable) for other purposes such as diverting the water to other areas of the property, building a pond, creating a wetland etc. Often, what is most important in mapping the direction and flow patterns of the water on your property is simply to ensure that the largest amount possible is diverted to stay on your property for use. By employing swales, trails and abutments, you will be able to utilize that water to accelerate the rate of succession for many flora and fauna.

2) GET TO KNOW YOUR SOIL After a reasonable understanding of the flow and retention of water on the site you intend to farm is completed, understanding and forming hypotheses around what’s going on in your soil becomes easier. The book “Teaming with Microbes,” explains two techniques to easily reveal what is going on in your soil right now. Taking soil samples is a great first step. A soil sample consists of the initial 12 inches of the ground. Taking samples at various areas of the property is important because soil quality and structure can shift widely. Mixing the soil sample with two cups of water and a tablespoon of dish soap (water softener) will create an easy display of the sample’s soil structure in 24 hours. Just combine the ingredients in a sealable container, shake vigorously and allow the container to set for

24 hours. The sample will sepaorganisms in the soil to Drop me a line rate into obvious layers of sand, migrate away from the thegreengardengroup@gmail.com silt, clay and any organics as you top towards the bottom of move from the bottom of the jar the funnel and eventually Follow along on up. Measuring the thickness into the moist container Instagram @DrScanderson_gT of each layer and dividing it by below. This process takes the total will give you a reathree days to a week. It sonable picture of the percentages of each in the can be helpful to observe and record sample area. You can then start amending the area what is collected daily after the initial as needed. three days as results will shift while orBy comparing the water site map with the soil ganisms consume one another continusample mapping, you can begin to draw observaing to carry out normal functions of the tions and conclusions about the effect of water soil food web. You can observe your colon the soil and plan water diversion accordingly. lection with your naked eye and a scope A Berlese Funnel is a simple tool or magnifying glass. Afto know what’s in your soil. It can ter careful observation, be made by cutting a two-liter you will be able to record soda bottle in half and using the what is active in your soil top end as a funnel. For stability, and what is not, creatyou can use a quart-size yogurt ing further insight into container, which perfectly fits a the types of amendments two-liter bottle, acting as a stand. and inoculation would be Then, place a small piece of most helpful to improvmoistened paper towel at the boting the vitality of the soil tom of the yogurt container and and the life it hosts. place the funnel, small opening Gathering data and side down, into the yogurt conlearning about the state tainer. Start by placing a small of your site allows pripiece of screening inside the small orities to be planned end of the bottle and and time to be spent effilling the funnel with ficiently. With all the a sample of soil from data above, you can sethe top eight inches of lect and cultivate species earth. that are selected for each It’s helpful to make area with a great deal of many funnels and take samples from intention; it’s like giving your garden a various locations inside the area you head start. intend to farm and the rest of the Before choosing what strains, speproperty, carefully denoting where cies and varieties to place, consider each sample was located. Apply heat where you have information on the type from a 40- to 60-watt light bulb placed of light, the structure and moisture confour to six inches above the top of the tent of the soil in that area and where it soil inside the funnel. You can also use is being corrected from, if necessary. In mothballs as an alternative placed diaddition, you have insight into the type rectly on top of the soil sample. What of micro and macro organisms currently you are creating is a reason for all the living and missing from the area, which can also reveal the type of nitrogen most likely available in the area. Knowing if the area is Nitrate or ammonium-dominant gives a better idea of the type of plants that would thrive in that area as well as the cover crop and guild planting to use to the greatest benefit. If there is one thing we have learned after years of this, it’s that working constantly to establish and improve the vitality of the soil food web in the ecosystem of your garden is the fastest way to ensure great results for your next harvest.

Before choosing what strains, species and varieties to place, consider where you have information on the type of light, the structure and moisture content of the soil in that area.

Build a swale to maximize water collection onsite.

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CREATIVE COMMONS

PUSSY KILLER

BY NORTHWEST LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON

First glance may have you thinking that you’re looking at a

Cookie cross but yer not. One crack of the jar and most people in the building will know that no Cookies are around. This is that über loud, skunky chem gas terps only found when true breeding, hard work and Chemdawg collide. The Pussy Killer came through if only to create smaller flower sites that prioritize THC content from a very early point with perhaps a drop here or there of OG funk, but overall this is an NBK-dominant cross and thankfully so. The smoke is deeply hashy and gives that spicy, hard smoke, lung-busting experience reserved only for those strains that boast levels of THC generally found in hashish products. This is that true mother of all Chemdawg flavors. There ain’t no time for citrus or lemon around here; this is straight rubber tire and freshly laid asphalt with skunk after bite on consummation. Exhale leaves an almost mouth-numbing sour, chemical cleaner flavor that might have dislocated my jaw.

Flowers in 53-56 days

HOW IT GROWS Most of the phenos took after the Pussy Kush mom and had a

typical OG growth pattern with lots of stretch, deep internodal spacing and smaller flower sites. Unlike many of the more elite OGs, the NBK brings with it the Stardawg vigor, stem rigidity and stability. This allows training into a shorter, more productive structure much easier. Keeping the N strong helps the transition where she likes to pound out stretch at 100-200 percent through week three. She then shifts focus to frostitution, so be ready and set with plenty of P and K as these blooms do very little else but produce deep layers of frost. This is true farmer’s stash medication, producing scarce yields of dense golf ballshaped flowers coated at every angle with fine layers of trichomes.

EFFECTS i can’t feel my hands. The effects are immediate and potent.

A profound confusion washes over me that I’m more accustomed to feeling during more lysergic-ish experiences. If nothing else, I have but only taste to guide me through the virtual and literal cloud of smoke I seem to be existing in, but oh, what flavor! Like a quiet shepherd, the chemy skunk terps guide me through the maze of thoughts back to my safety session.

78/dec. 2015 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

GENETICS: Pussy Kush x Natural Born Killer BREEDER: Franchise Genetics LINEAGE: When Obsoul33t started his breeding project with NBK, perhaps one of the very best selections of JJ Edwards’ Stardawg IX male that’s ever been made, a certainty for some of the best dank ever created is all that ensued. Everything this NBK male touches puts out complete magic and the Pussy Kush is no exception.

THE SMOKE IS DEEPLY HASHY AND GIVES THAT SPICY, HARD SMOKE, LUNG-BUSTING EXPERIENCE RESERVED ONLY FOR THOSE STRAINS THAT BOAST LEVELS OF THC GENERALLY FOUND IN HASHISH

QUICK HIT some say good things come in small

packages and these small, tight bundles of skunky chemy goodness may have been responsible for the saying. Looking like an elite OG but boasting the flavor and potency of its own definition, the Pussy Killer is just another arrow in the quiver of the Franchise Genetics collection of rare fire.

4 5 0 2 S U N I O N A V E , T A C O M A , W A 9 8 4 0 9 // 2 5 3 . 4 2 6 . 1 2 8 9

O H L I Y D P A P Y A S H

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