Jan. 2016 - Issue #67 by Northwest Leaf / Oregon Leaf / Alaska Leaf / Maryland Leaf / California Leaf / Northeast Leaf

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jan. 2016

issue #67

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HIGHLIDAY RECIPES BAKE THESE COOKIES & YOU’LL BE BAKED

CANNABIS & OPIOIDS WHAT DR. HICKS SAYS ABOUT PAIN

GROWTECH EXPLORING THE SEA OF GREEN METHOD TO CULTIVATING EFFICIENTLY

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HIGHLIDAY COOKIES

BRUCE WOLF

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National News

CannaCon Preview

Prison Dispatch

Pain Management

Cathy Freeman

Health and Science

The Emerald Cup

The Sea of Green

Steve Elliott with the roundup Profiling the War on Drugs

Battling rare cancer in Oregon

Rehashing California competition

Tradeshow returns to Seattle area

Simone Fischer talks to Dr. John Hicks Dr. Rose with tips on avoiding anxiety Dr. Scanderson on efficient method

Rainier Xpress

KushMart

Tasty Reviews

Olympia Medical Review

Everett Rec Store Review

Soda and oil cartridges

HIGHLY LIKELY...........................18 OREGON OPINION.....................23 PATIENT PROFILE.......................24 PUFF, PASS, PAINT......................28 STRAIN CENTERFOLD.................40 BOOK REVIEW........................58 CANNABIS & OPIATES................62 MICROSTRAINS......................70 GROWTECH.........................74 BUDSHOT.............................76 BEHIND THE STRAIN...................78 COVER PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN CONTENTS PHOTOS by CONTRIBUTORS SEE THE BACK ISSUES: WWW.ISSUU.COM/NWLEAF

contents

KING COUNTY JAIL CHRISTMAS DAY VIGIL

Every year on December 25th, dozens of activists brave the cold and wind to hold vigil in front of the King County Jail in downtown Seattle and send a message that still needs to be said: Stop The Drug War and end the needless prohibition of marijuana around the country and globe.

Photos by Daniel Berman

NORTHWEST LEAF

the truth about the plant you thought you knew, IN every issue.

editor’s note

JAN. 2016 ISSUE #67

Happy New Year from all of the folks at Northwest Leaf ! Let’s make 2016 a success, together! as the industry heads into 2016, there will be a lot of changes to the system we

all depend on for our medicine and livelihoods. The Washington medical program especially is under heavy pressure to conform to meet the regulations and tax burden of the recreational market, and the first steps towards making that a reality have already been taken. The state will issue 222 new licenses to fill the gap being left by the closure of a thriving MMJ system, bringing the total number of retail stores in Washington to 556. The majority of these locations will have medical endorsements, though the jury is still out on whether an endorsement will mean anything to a sick patient needing medicine. We must not forget what brought us to this point and we must not leave our patients behind. That is what’s happening in Washington and it is heartbreaking. Patients here will soon be forced to buy their medicine at a much higher tax level, making medicine unaffordable for the most vulnerable in our community. Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it, and I sincerely hope that Oregon and other states balancing the needs of both medical and recreational pot can avoid the pains of Washington. Washington patients must assert our voices as these changes take place. My New Year’s challenge for all our readers is to get involved in the politics of Cannabis, raise your voice and help ensure a solid and safe future for medical Cannabis. By doing so, the recreational system will be able to function clearly, focusing on the needs of adult users after patient needs are met.

Contact editor Wes Abney to place an

advertisement or become a drop-off location to display our magazine. You can also feel free to just share feedback, send pitches, articles, story ideas and hot news tips. This is all our plant.

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FOUNDER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Wes Abney

PHOTOGRAPHER & DESIGNER

Daniel Berman

ISSUE CONTRIBUTORS Wes and Kori Marie

MICHAEL ARELLANO, PHOTOS STEVE ELLIOTT, NATIONAL WILL FERGUSON, REVIEWS SIMONE FISCHER, WRITER KEVIN GOLDEN, DESIGN PAUL GRZELAK, EDITING KORI MARIE, PRODUCTION BOB MONTOYA, MICROSTRAINS SEAN O’NEILL, ILLUSTRATION DR. SCANDERSON, GROWTECH ERIC SKELTON, DESIGN PACER STACKTRAIN, FEATURES JACOB THOM, PRODUCTION LAURIE & BRUCE WOLF, RECIPES

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national

STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

CANNABIS

Washington Board to Increase THE Number of Retail Marijuana Stores State’s retail cap increases from 334 to 556

President Obama Grants Clemency To 95 NONVIOLENT DRUG OFFENDERS Among the 95 commutations were two marijuana lifers who had been behind bars since the early 1990s

PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA on Dec. 18 commuted the

approaching 70, who had two minor prior offenses sentences of 95 people incarcerated in federal prison for growing and possessing marijuana before he for drug offenses. This follows the commutation of got caught up in a pot sting in Tallahassee, Fla., 46 people in July, 22 people in March, and eight in 1991, reports Bryan Schatz at Mother Jones. people in December of 2014. All of those who Both Dekle and Cundiff have been behind bars received commutations on Dec. 18 were serving time since the early 1990s after getting life sentences in prison for nonviolent drug offenses. for conspiracy to distribute a substance In taking this step, the president has “The President is to that’s now legal in some form in 23 now issued 170 commutations, the be applauded for states and Washington, D.C. vast majority to nonviolent offenders bringing some much Dec. 18’s commutations are more than sentenced for drug law violations under needed holiday cheer twice as many as the president announced to the families of draconian sentencing laws. President last March, which were the most granted these incarcerated Obama has been under significant at a single time by anyone since Lyndon individuals.” public pressure from advocacy groups B. Johnson’s administration. and family members of people incarcerated for “The President is to be applauded for bringing nonviolent drug offenses who are serving long, some much needed holiday cheer to the families of mandatory minimum sentences. these incarcerated individuals, but we need so much Two marijuana lifers were among those whose more,” said Michael Collins, deputy director at the sentences were commuted by the president on Dec. 18. Drug Policy Alliance’s office of national affairs. Marine veteran William “Billy” Ervin Dekle, 66, “There is legislation moving through Congress who used to fly planeloads of pot into Florida in that would reduce mandatory minimums, and the 1970s and 80s in his single-propeller airplane, Speaker Ryan and Leader McConnell need to was granted clemency, as was Charlie Cundiff, now bring these bills up for a vote.” Let’s hope it passes.

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Following an analysis of the entire marijuana marketplace in Washington state, the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (WSLCB) on Dec. 16 heard a recommendation from staff to increase the number of retail marijuana stores from the current cap of 334 to a new cap of 556. The allocation of retail licenses determined by the board will be published on the WSLCB website at lcb.wa.gov. Earlier this year, the Washington Legislature enacted, and Gov. Jay Inslee signed, legislation (SSB 5052) ironically entitled the Cannabis Patient Protection Act (the Act dismantles the system of safe access that has existed for patients in the state for 17 years). “Our goal was clear: to ensure medical patients have access to the products they need,” said WSLCB director Rick Garza. “There will be more storefronts for patients going forward than are available today. In addition, qualified patients can grow their own or join a fourmember cooperative,” Garza said. Unsurprisingly, Garza didn’t mention that the Board’s original recommendations were to eliminate home growing entirely. Garza also neglected to mention that the Board reduced the number of plants patients are allowed to grow from 15 to six if on the state patient registry or just four for patients who opt not to be on the state registry. A translation of Garza’s political-speak is that the Board was so embarrassed by the outcry from patients and advocates regarding severely reduced medical access that they were finally compelled to at least appear to do something about it, i.e., approve additional retail licenses.

Quick Hits! 5 45 80 200

Number of Florida nurseries that were selected in December to cultivate and distribute the first legal marijuana in the state, in preparation for the sale of CBD-heavy strains to patients with seizure disorders in June.

Percent participants who experienced significant reduction in seizure frequency in a study that confirmed the benefits of medical Cannabis for epileptic patients suffering from seizures.

Photo by Luciano De Polo

Survey: No Change in Teen Marijuana Usage Rates OVER THE Past FIVE Years

Percent of Members of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs who voted to approve a plan to grow marijuana on their reservation in Central Oregon and sell it at tribe-owned stores. Dollar annual fee that medical marijuana growers would be required to pay for every patient they’re growing for under a proposal being considered by the Oregon Health Authority.

Annual survey reveals that marijuana use by teenagers has stayed steady since 2015.

THE RESULTS of an annual survey of U.S. middle

and high school students released Dec. 16 refute claims that reforming marijuana laws and debating legalization will lead to increased marijuana use among teens. According to the Monitoring the Future Survey sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): - Rates of daily marijuana use by eighth-, 10th- and 12th-graders, as well as monthly use by 12th-graders, did not change from 2014 to 2015 and have remained unchanged since 2010. - The rate of monthly marijuana use by eighth-graders did not change in the past

“For decades, teens had an artificially high perception of risk that stemmed from exaggerations and scare tactics.”

year, but has dropped significantly since 2010. - The rate of monthly marijuana use by 10thgraders appears to have dropped significantly from 2014 (and 2010) to 2015. The survey also found a decline in the number of teens who perceive “great risk” in marijuana use, negating the theory that softening perceptions of harm will result in more teens using marijuana. “Many young people recognize that marijuana is less harmful than alcohol and other drugs,” said Mason Tvert, director of communications for the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP). “But they also understand that it is not okay for them to use it. “For decades, teens had an artificially high perception of risk that stemmed from exaggerations and scare tactics,” Tvert said. “Now that there is more information out there and it’s not limited to horror stories and propaganda, they are developing a more realistic view.”

Quoted TOO MANY AMERICANS HAVE SEEN THEIR LIVES DESTROYED BECAUSE THEY HAVE CRIMINAL RECORDS AS A RESULT OF MARIJUANA USE. THAT’S WRONG. THAT HAS GOT TO CHANGE.” - Democratic Presidential Candidate Bernie Sanders

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national

STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

84% OF Voters IN GEORGIA Support Expanding Medical CANNABIS Access

New poll shows a commanding percentage of the state’s citizens support expansion of access to medical Cannabis.

A new statewide poll shows that Georgia voters

a form of treatment — not currently allowed in massively support expanding current access to Georgia — was supported by 61.5 percent. medical marijuana. State Rep. Allen Peake, who authored the According to Georgians for Freedom in Health current law, is pushing for its expansion. “There Care, 84.5 percent of voters approve is no issue in Georgia that unites our expanding the law to allow for in-state “There's fellow citizens like this one,” Peake said. cultivation and production of medical “People all across our state, young and no issue marijuana, reports Chris Hopper in Georgia old, black and white, need this medicine at 11Alive. Currently, Georgia’s weak and they expect our government to medical marijuana law only allows low- that unites create an infrastructure where they can our fellow have access to a safe and legal product.” THC, high-CBD forms of Cannabis oil, which cannot be grown or produced citizens like Georgia Gov. Nathan Deal is more in the state. timid. Gov. Deal recently expressed this one.” A commanding 81.8 percent of concerns with the idea, claiming he has respondents said they’d support expanding the yet to see any evidence there is a “proper way” list of illnesses now included on the program. to legalize cultivation in the state (yes, he really Allowing the smoking of medical marijuana as said that).

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CHILE’S PRESIDENT REMOVES MARIJUANA FROM LIST OF HARD DRUGS Years after decriminalization, the South American country takes another progressive step.

Chilean president michelle bachelet has signed

into law an executive order that removes marijuana from the South American nation’s list of hard drugs. The move — a policy that has been widely discussed in the United States, but hasn’t yet been implemented — comes after years of legal limbo for Chilean medicinal Cannabis patients who couldn’t legally acquire marijuana, even when prescribed by doctors to relieve pain or other conditions. While Cannabis has been decriminalized in Chile for some time, users, including pain patients, have continued to face legal repercussions. As recently as last month, a mother was separated from her newborn child for smoking weed. “They have violated my rights as a mother,”

said Sindy Melany Ortiz, reports the BBC. “I use this drug only for the pain in my arms, it was recommended by a medical professional to me and I am absolutely not a drug consumer.” Ortiz was reunited with her baby after 12 days, but only under strict conditions.

The move comes after years of legal limbo for Chilean medicinal Cannabis patients who couldn’t legally acquire marijuana. JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF /15

dispatch

By KRISTIN FLOR, MINDI GRIFFITHS, MIGGY 420, BECCA NICHOLS & DANIELLE VITALE – O’ BRIEN

JAN. 2016 PRISONER UPDATE [

NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINES PRISON OUTREACH

Let’s face facts; snail mail is archaic by most people’s standards. The cumbersome chore of writing a letter, addressing the envelope, affixing proper postage and putting it in the mail box seems a bit ridiculous in the age of electronic mail and instant messaging. For a portion of the American population, the U.S. Postal Service is still their primary source of communication. They are the forgotten victims of the war on drugs, those serving time in the prison system for a plant. Unfortunately, family and friends find it difficult to maintain relationships with their loved ones for an array of reasons. Sometimes family members are angry with the inmate for committing a crime. Often, people who are incarcerated have little to talk about or tend to be gloomy, making communication emotionally draining. The average person, who has never experienced being locked up for an extended period of time, is unable to comprehend the degree to which people in prison count on “mail call” as their days go by. The entire family suffers when a loved one is incarcerated, causing a strain on communication. The First Amendment right to freedom of speech is, in essence, the only constitutional right an inmate has left. Providing an avenue for a fellow Cannabis warrior to exercise this freedom is rewarding. Ordinarily, removal of communication is used as a form of punishment, but all prisons are required by law to provide the inmates with access to the U.S. Postal Service, even during punishment periods, where email communication and visits are disallowed. Writing to an inmate gives them a link, which is often the only one they have, to the outside world. Your letter may be the only kind-hearted human contact the person in prison for Cannabis receives that day, or even that month. Besides having a direct impact on the inmate’s life, communities will benefit as well, as the pris-

16/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

oner’s chances of successful reentry into society are improved when a connection to the outside world is maintained throughout their incarceration. Also, the more they know about what is going on in the outside world, the easier it is to fit in with society and those of us who have not been in the black hole of the penal system. Now that you know why you should write to a Cannabis POW (prisoner of the drug war), how do you locate your new pen pal? With a quick Google search, one can locate many organizations that can help connect you with non-violent prisoners from across the country. It is wise to verify all addresses of inmates prior to mailing. For federal inmates go to http://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/. Each state has a website to verify state prisoner addresses. You can contact us by email at voicesofthecannabiswar@gmail.com for help, too.

NORTHWEST NEWS WashingtoN

Tacoma Cross – Last month, we covered the story of Lance Gloor, a caregiver who was raided in both 2011 and 2013 for his participation in Tacoma Cross, Lacey Cross, Seattle Cross and Key Peninsula Cross dispensaries. Regardless of state law, which Gloor was following, federal laws are still different and the federal government has tried to send Gloor to prison. Gloor’s recent motion to dismiss the charges against him was denied by federal judge Leighton. The motion Gloor’s attorneys filed to dismiss his case was based on entrapment by estoppel, selective prosecution and Section 538, a recent direction that was passed through Congress Dec. 2014, which says they cannot use federal funds to prosecute medical marijuana-related cases. Without evidence, the prosecution argued against the motion, and they made accusations that Gloor did not follow state laws. Gloor believes he followed the laws 100 percent. The com-

panies were LLC licensed and also paid state taxes. Now, unless the government changes the court date, Gloor will face trial on Jan. 7. If he is found guilty, he will face a mandatory minimum sentence of 35 years to life in prison! He is counting on a jury of his peers to not judge if the law was broken, but to judge the law. As of now, the federal law states that Cannabis is still considered a Schedule I drug on a federal level, the same as heroin. If just one of the 11 jurors finds Gloor not guilty, he will not go to prison. Gloor’s business partners and employees have all taken deals and will be testifying against him. Gloor is requesting your presence in the courtroom to help witness the trial, and to help support his sacrifices. The power of court support goes a long way! When we fill courtrooms up with supporters, it shows the nation that we stand for each other and we stand strong!

Seattle - Josh Mauk and Debbie Brechler are asking for last-minute letters to be sent to the judge by Jan. 8! The letters should help convince the judge to waive jail time for their mmj case. Last-minute letters can be written to Honorable Judge John C. Coughenour and e-mailed to debbiebrechler21@ gmail.com. They are also requesting your presence to help support them and their sacrifices at 9 a.m. on Jan. 8, 2016 in the courtroom. After a long struggle and many hardships on their family, they pled guilty and will be sentenced for endangering human life while manufacturing a controlled substance (mmj). The sentence the prosecution has offered the couple is one year and a day in federal prison. We can’t let our caregivers face this alone! Please bring your ID to the federal courthouse in Seattle and help bring court support to their sentencing! Parking is best at the corner of 8th and Olive in Seattle. Please RSVP for court support at www.tinyurl.com/joshdebbie. Bellingham – The next court date scheduled in the case against the Martin Nickerson and his co-de-

fendants known as the “Bellingham 3” will be at 8:30 a.m. on Jan. 13, 2016 the Whatcom County Courthouse in Bellingham. The trio has now been in the hands of the government for more than four years. Meanwhile, due to the changing laws in Washington state, Northern Cross Collective has shut down. Nickerson is prepared to take the case all the way to trial; he believes he didn’t do anything wrong except help patients and has confidence that the jurors will vote not guilty!

Oregon

Medical Cannabis — Patients in Oregon are up in arms over changes in the Cannabis culture due to new regulations beginning Jan. 1, 2016. Dispensaries will be faced with new policies and rules by which they will be required to comply. Among many other things, they are being forced to choose between serving the medical or the recreational communities. One local Northeast Portland dispensary stated that they will serve the recreational side of the industry because they could not stay in business otherwise. Some dispensaries report they are attempting to obtain a second address that may allow them to provide medicine to all consumers. Many patients who have supported these dispensaries since their inception feel betrayed by the possibility that they will be left out in the cold. These regulations take us even further from socalled legalization and appear to be chipping away at what is left of the Oregon Medical Marijuana Program. Medical consumers will be able to purchase Cannabis from recreational stores, but they will not have safe access to edibles, concentrates, or FECO and they will have to pay for their medicine at the recreational tax rates. Also, beginning Jan. 1, local private Cannabis clubs such as The Other Spot (TOS) in Portland will be subject to fines due to Oregon’s Indoor Clean Air Act, which was originally enacted to address the health of people subjected to tobacco smoke. Cannabis has now been included in the policy and threatens the future of social clubs many have come to count on. This is yet another regulation that turns a law-abiding citizen into a criminal. Those that live in rental properties or government housing are not allowed to smoke on premises. It is also illegal to consume in public. For many, clubs such as TOS provided a safe space people could legally consume medicine.

YOUR LETTER MAY BE THE ONLY KIND-HEARTED HUMAN CONTACT THE PERSON IN PRISON RECEIVES THAT DAY, OR EVEN THAT MONTH. Please check out the Fully Informed Jury Association at www.f ija.org and visit facebook.com/voicesofwar1. Each week, we discuss the latest news on the drug war and bring updates on Cannabis prisoners. One of the owners of TOS, Nickie D. Dank, is baffled by the decision to lump Cannabis and tobacco smoke in the same category. “TOS is a private club,” Nickie said. “We lock our doors. The public cannot just walk in. There’s no danger to the public or children and no alcohol is served here. We do not have employees, and no food is served. Our club is much different; we are more of a networking hub for our members, patients, and non-profit organizations. This is bigger than just the closing of a Cannabis club: it’s bigger than me, it’s about the patients, it’s about us!” Activist and TOS supporter Sarah Duff said in response to the new policies, “We have been forced to be in our homes in the past. There is no evidence to support that using marijuana indoors or the exposure to secondhand smoke is harmful. No one can prove it’s harmful like tobacco. If they can, I can understand why they would regulate it. Messing with where a patient can consume their medicine should not be a priority.” Fears that the new laws and policies will eliminate the OMMP program, force more people to become criminals and push the Cannabis consumer back in the closet are very real for the citizens of Oregon, just months after the celebration of legalization. It is up to all of us to stand up against these harmful regulations. Please contact Oregon representatives and make your voice heard before it is too late.

NATIONAL NEWS Tennessee - Michael Brooks, a resident of a small town in Tennessee where any form of Cannabis use is illegal, including medical marijuana, found a cure for his life-threatening hepatitis C by using Cannabis oil. Brooks learned that he had hepatitis C several years ago after suffering physical issues to the point of being unable to participate in his two young sons’ lives most days. At one point, Brooks was bleeding from his eyes as a result of hepatitis C and hemophilia. Brooks was taking all of the traditional pharmaceuticals he could in hopes of finding some relief, to no avail. Brooks shared, “I have been known to smoke Cannabis, but had never heard of Cannabis oil.”

Brooks was fortunate enough to not only learn about the healing benefits of Cannabis oil, but to also have access to a continuous source of oil. After using oil for a short time, Michael felt dramatically better and was able to discontinue the medications. Six months ago, at a routine doctor’s appointment, a blood test was run, which is standard for those suffering from hepatitis C. The blood test showed that Brooks’ hepatitis C was undetectable and unfortunately reflected high THC levels as well. These high levels of THC were reported to Family Services and his two sons, Damon, 18 months old and Elijah, four months old at the time, were removed from their home. Family Services sites Brook’s Cannabis use is the reason. Six months later, Brook’s children are still in the state’s custody and he has been oil-free for those six months with his symptoms returning. Brooks and his children are allowed two-hour visits only twice a month, for which he must travel 70 miles. Michael continues to abide by all the state’s requirements in the hopes that his children will soon be returned to their home. Brooks’ hope is that if his heartbreaking ordeal will bring about even the smallest of changes in Tennessee’s Cannabis laws, then it will have been worth it. Michael needs help financially to assist him in paying his court costs and getting to his monthly visitation with his children. If you can help please visit: https://www.gofundme.com/ https-fbcdn-prof.

Kansas – Well-known activist, author and healer Shona Banda, who lost custody of her 11-yearold son in March after her son spoke up in school during an anti-drug presentation given by counselors and police officers at his school, waived her right to a preliminary hearing last month when the State of Kansas prosecutor tried to force her son to testify against her. She is facing trial on Jan. 11, 2016. Shona is requesting court supporters to stand in solidarity behind her in the courtroom, as well as donations to assist her in fighting the fight of her life, which can be made by visiting: https:// www.gofundme.com/supportshona. NO VICTIM = NO CRIME = NOT GUILTY NO ONE SHOULD BE CAGED FOR CANNABIS!

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highly likely

By PACER STACKTRAIN for NORTHWEST LEAF

Column # 6

creative commons

Abdülaziz I,Sultan of Turkey In our burgeoning, amazing age of Cannabis legalization in America, it can be easy to forget just how taboo it was to admit to being a consumer of this plant even a few short years ago. That’s why we want to highlight amazing Cannabis pioneers throughout history every month here.

This hash, tho.

America’s first World’s Fair,

finer points of Cannabis as medicine. known as the Centennial Exposition, The Sultan used Many open-minded attendees dove in was held in May of 1876 in Philadelphia, Pa. In case you weren’t aware, the Turkish full force, and, spoiler alert: Americans world’s fairs (also known as expos) are a sort of festival where cultures from Pavilion at the went bananas for hashish! around the world get together to show off their best and brightest — things World's Fair In fact, Americans loved smoking that make their nation special, including inventions, agricultural advanceas a platform hash out of the hookah so much that ments, cultural items and more. to present the this singular moment in time lead to Countries from all over the world were represented, and since it was the United States the opening of Turkish smoking parlors United States’ Centennial, many nations pulled out all the stops. Many new with a few up and down the Northeast from Bosinventions were featured at this World’s Fair, including some amazing invenspecial gifts, ton to New Orleans. including a tions from the United States like the telephone and the steam engine. More At one point, it was rumored that huge amount than 200 structures were built to house the Fair, some of which still stand in of Cannabis, more than 500 parlors were operating downtown Philadelphia to this day. hashish and in Manhattan alone. These parlors One of the more ambitious displays came from Turkey, which at the time tuRKEY: A SHORT HISTORY Turkish Delight were very much like a bar, except most was ruled by a sultan. Sultans were king-like rulers of Muslim nations. A Sul(candies) did not serve alcohol, rather teas and coffees. Many featured uptan named Abdülaziz I, who was the 32nd Sultan of Turkey, ruled Turkey’s infused with, holstered, comfortable seats and servers that would bring patrons Ottoman Empire at this time. Abdülaziz I chose the World’s Fair as a platform you guessed different grades of hashish, shisha (tobacco soaked in honey or fruit) to show off the historical significance of the Ottoman Empire with an exhibit it, more hash. and tobacco to smoke out of ornate hookahs. It was estimated by that provided a timeline of historical events, cultural artifacts and a general the NYPD in the 1920s that these bars outnumbered “speakeasies” sense of the tenacity of the Turkish people. even after prohibition took effect. Sadly, all those wonderful parlors had to shut More importantly, the Sultan also used the Turkish Pavilion at the World’s Fair as a platform down in 1927, when Cannabis was declared illegal in New York. Though it’s not to present the United States with a few special gifts, including a huge amount of Cannabis, legal nationwide, we can all thank the Sultan of Turkey for introducing our great hashish and Turkish Delight (candies) infused with, you guessed it, more hash. Attendees grandparents to hash via the World’s Fair! could experience and learn the ins and outs of smoking a hookah, and find out about the

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Opinion

By JACOB THOM/OREGON LEAF

WINTER TIDINGS

CHANGING OUTLOOKS IS AS EASY AS CHANGING SEASONS

WINTER

is a season that carries times of trial and desperation, as much as collective cheer and comfort. Traditionally, this time of year provides reflection and sustenance among individuals as fieldwork takes pause. This winter however, Cannabis is in full swing. The Oregon industry is pumping large amounts of money to the state in applications for permits, the OLCC is working on enforcing their public safety concerns and legislators will soon assemble. The legislative session is set historically during this unique time, as winter weather presented the rare opportunity to collectively gather. Many rural farmers could not work their soil due to frost, which allowed the working class to leave their farms and talk amongst their communities before the spring thaw. This season’s cold seems especially bitter, blanketed with much national and global unrest. Rapid change seems to be everywhere in the world. It seems people everywhere are doing all they can to make sense, whether through fear (control) or love (acceptance). And change will happen, at least within an industry whose ideals are being tested by success in a taxable market. Commerce will resume, as every-

one wants to smoke the herb (as they should, and should be freely allowed to do). The need and experience that Cannabis provides in life ranges from person to person. Documented by some of the oldest known records for herbal and natural remedy, it should be known as the people’s medicine rather than the devil’s lettuce. And whose fault is this misrepresentation, anyway? Beneath mounting American debt lays disparaging ideas about what success represents. In much of the conditioning that we consume, one’s wealth and value seems based on an ability to own rather than an ability to serve. This is concerning for a number of reasons, but mostly because in the fight for ownership and ego, morality and transparency is a sold commodity rather than a continued demonstration. During late December of 1825, Thomas Jefferson wrote in dissatisfaction to the Pres-

idency and Supreme Court as to will the progress of states’ freedom and rights (and the people that encompass them). “We must have patience and longer endurance then with our brethren while under delusion; give them time for reflection and experience of consequences; keep ourselves in a situation to profit by the chapter of accidents; and separate from our companions only when the sole alternatives left, are the dissolution of our Union with them, or submission to a government without limitation of powers. Between these two evils, when we must make a choice, there can be no hesitation.” As our political leaders work toward progress for the great State of Oregon during some of the coldest days of winter, let’s all reflect on how we can become better neighbors. Let’s continue to share our abundance of wealth to those in need, and to communicate with those around us, stemming from a place of love. The world is changing before our eyes, so let us focus on living the way we seek the world to be.

THE WORLD IS CHANGING BEFORE OUR EYES, SO LET US FOCUS ON LIVING THE WAY WE SEEK THE WORLD TO BE.

Jan. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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PROFILE

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Faced with the inevitability of cancer, Cathy Freeman has taken her life and her medicine into her own hands, relying on Cannabis to alleviate what has no reliable treatment or cure. To say that cancer has known her family is an understatement, a testament to the cruelty of the disease. Her father was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer known as Paraganglioma that took his life when she was only 16, leaving her to grow up confronting one awful question:

WILL IT HAPPEN TO ME? cathy Freeman grew up in California where her

found tumors in the liver,” she said emotionally. She pauses to lift her shirt, showing the abdomifather was an executive for Disney, the head of pubnal marks of a surgeon’s blade. lications who had a major role in everything the “You can talk about something, but you see the corporation published. He created comic books scars and you understand.” and characters for Disney and the family traveled A published author and graphic artist, Freethe world to premier films like “The Jungle Book.” man’s book was released two days after her last Even as his work inspired joy, his cancer spread, surgery to remove two-thirds of her liver. To say eventually confining him to a hospital bed. that she is a fighter is an understatement, which is “His journey was hard. Today I know his first tuwhat led her to try Cannabis to treat her disease. mor was in 1960, when I was 2. If he’d had PET She knew patients who had reduced scans available, he could have removed tumors with Cannabis and asked her the tumors before they became sympSHE WAS GIVEN MARINOL, doctor for a prescription. tomatic. But the cancer spread to his A SYNTHETIC THC DRUG, She was given Marinol, a synthetic bones and he became paralyzed from AND WENT TO THE LOCAL THC drug, and went to the local pharthe waist down. He was mentally 100 PHARMACIST TO FILL THE macist to fill it. Each pill was $7 and percent, still working on scripts until the PRESCRIPTION. EACH PILL she could only afford a handful. very end,” she said as emotion began to WAS $7 AND SHE COULD The pharmacist remarked unsympawell up in her eyes. ONLY AFFORD A HANDFUL. “I have PTSD from my dad’s death, THE PHARMACIST SAID IT thetically: “it’s cheaper on the streets.” She became a patient and connected seeing him in a hospital for months, sickWAS “CHEAPER ON with Karen from The CO2 Company, er and sicker each day, and knowing you THE STREETS.” who brought her plants for flowering have the same disease, and that your kids and juicing and donated 90 grams of oil for an can see that is terrifying in a way. My whole life I initial treatment. Freeman takes her daily doses have been told there is no cure, and now I am the of Cannabis in gelcap form, and uses vapor pens second generation to experience it.” to alleviate pain or discomfort. While it hasn’t There are only 50 reported cases of her father’s reduced her tumors, Cannabis has helped trecancer since 1970, and just 15 cases with her diagmendously with her pain and a multitude of othnosis. The cancer is caused by a genetic mutation er symptoms. Today she consumes one-fifth of a called SDHB that inhibits a tumor suppressor cell. gram per day, every day. This allows tumors to grow uncontrollably and is “Karen is the sweetest person on the planet, and untreatable with traditional methods like cheI am thankful for her and the OMMP program. motherapy. It causes intestinal tumors that are 95 I don’t think this could happen in any other state; percent treatable for people without the SDHB I haven’t paid a cent for my medicine,” she exdeficiency. Those with the mutation have only the plained. “I use this as a treatment, and after seeing option of surgery, removing tumors each time they my dad suffer on morphine, I’ll take Cannabis. grow above a specific size. She’s had four surgeries, It’s one of the biggest miracles that can be used removing two-thirds of her liver in the last round. in so many ways, and with less harm than what “The worse fear for a patient is to hear that there pharmaceuticals do to the body.” is nothing you can do. Every surgery I’ve had I Today she is working to spread the awareness thought that would be it, to move on. Then this of Cannabis to others, especially to those who summer, a rogue tumor happened and a PET scan

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have been diagnosed with her specific disease. She mentors patients in other states and has testified in front of the National Institute of Health and top cancer specialists in the world. “I stood up and said, ‘you should be considering Cannabis for your patients.’ I want this out there. This is not a random joint, this is real medicine.” Freeman and her husband have lived in the same Ashland, Ore., house for decades, raised children in the community and now a 3-year-old granddaughter makes regular visits to the house. Being able to function and watch her granddaughter is top on the priority list for her. “If I stay the way I feel right now for the rest of my life I’ll be happy,” she explained with a meek smile. “It isn’t perfect, but I’ll take it. I just don’t want to get any worse.” Because the genetic trait that caused her cancer was passed down from her dad, the potential for it to pass to her children is a real threat. Her daughter and granddaughter have been tested and are okay. Her son, she said, has declined to be tested. “Once you know, it changes your whole life. You can’t unknow that you have cancer. Right now he wants to live his life without worry,” she said, the motherly concern clear in her eyes. “In my advocacy, I meet people who have lost loved ones to this disease but still won’t get tested.” Since her last surgery, her liver has grown back strong, but new tumors mean another surgery is inevitable. Every three months she makes the five-hour trip to Portland for scans, to learn if she will have surgery that quarter or be back in stable mode. Both to stay busy and stay alive, she focuses on research and advocacy, waiting for a cure and enjoying every precious day with her family. “If your wife, child or husband was sick, you would help them. I’ll never stop educating doctors and patients that this isn’t harmful: it’s not about a high. I’ll take my gelcap in my hand and show anyone who will listen. This is medicine.”

At home in Ashland

Rehashed

PHOTOS by MICHAEL ARELLANO for OREGON LEAF

@MICHAEL_ARELLANO

DEC. 18, 2015 | PORTLAND HYDROPONICS | TIGARD

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DEC. 12-13, 2015 | SONOMA COUNTY FAIRGROUNDS | SANTA ROSA, CA

THE EMER 30/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

International Cannabis growing competition meets trade show meets smokeathon for a weekend at the fairgrounds...

RALD CUP Jan. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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Rehashed

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by

@BERMANPHOTOS

DEC. 12-13, 2015 | SONOMA COUNTY FAIRGROUNDS | SANTA ROSA, CA

THE EMERALD CUP

few experiences in life are better than go-

ing high to the state fair, which makes sense that The 2015 Emerald Cup was held at the Sonoma County fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. Trust us when we say that this was the state fair of weed, and without the filthy farm animals and rednecks in overalls. The air was filled with a different smell, that of dabs, kush and some of the best fire California grew outdoors this last year. With more than 400 entries of outdoor flower and hash processed from outdoor material, The Emerald Cup captured the true essence of the Northern California Cannabis scene. Hundreds

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of booths filled the fairground, with an hour-long wait to access the Prop 215 medicating area on the first day. The wait was worth it, as a stoner playground essentially awaited the attendees. Booths handed out thousands of dabs of BHO, CO2 and high-grade solventless hash, sending attendees into a widely medicated bliss. The medible samples started flowing, with everything from organic macaroons to medicated soda to quench the inevitable dry mouth. Vendors even passed out full vapor pens and grams of hash, only asking for a valid authorization and ID from patients. “This is the freedom that is lacking in other

states. Here we can give away products and share love with our patients, all without worrying. That’s the way Cannabis laws should be. Freedom to give our medicine for those who want to try it,” said TJ, who asked to remain anonymous. “This is a celebration of sharing.” Another unique experience was the multiple booths vending clones direct to patients. Rack after rack of unique and medicinally beneficial genetics flowed through the event, spreading quick access to tens of thousands of new patients. This is the first major cup event that we have seen clones at, and it was a powerful sight to see. Of

course, the tens of thousands of seeds sold were also heading to new and needy patients. “One of the best parts about the Cup was access to genetics. Usually there are only a few seed companies at events,” said Brett Sanders of Bakersfield, Calif. “I was excited to be able to grab a guaranteed clone instead of a seed for my garden, knowing that it was going to perform.” For those without a medical pass, the Cup had plenty of educational and sick booths alike. In the Hall of Flowers, a large expo hall where all 400+ entries were displayed, more than 50 booths offered products from growing lights to one-of-a-kind collector glass. The entry displays were a major hit and show of transparency, allowing the public and competitors alike to see what was entered. The booths out in the hall had great information and some innovative products to check out and try, and you could easily ask questions right there.

BOOTHS HANDED OUT THOUSANDS OF DABS OF BHO, CO2 OIL AND HIGH-GRADE SOLVENTLESS HASH, SENDING ATTENDEES INTO A WIDELY MEDICATED BLISS.

Finally, the music. The Emerald Cup went above and beyond with their music lineup, and the shows were packed each day and late into the night. Many joints and dabs were raised to the deep cuts played by Rebelution, Beats Antique, Collie Buddz, Protoje and more. The speakers list was also impressive, helping to address the future for California and the nation as we prepare for legalization and work to protect medical Cannabis. This event was among the most socially beneficial and well-rounded Cannabis events we’ve attended. It was fun but made time for activism and business and did it all without a single legal problem. We’re excited to see what The Emerald Cup brings in 2016 and hope other states will soon recognize the positive benefit these events truly have to offer.

Full award results available:

TheEmeraldCup.com/winners

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At least until kick-off! Quiet moments are hard to find and Mari J hopes you pause to enjoy each and every one. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why she recommends Clarity Farms uniquely crafted CO2 extracts. Clarityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CBD heavy Sour Tsunami is the perfect strain to allow you to savor those quiet moments with a clear head and a relaxed and comfortable body. Relax, while you can, kick-off time comes early on New Years Day.

PREVIEW

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

CANNACON 2016 Seattle’s original Cannabis business-to-business show, CannaCon, returns this February with a fresh lineup of new vendors, speakers and seminars. Founded in 2014 by Bob Smart, the show has grown to be one of the most prominent Cannabis trade shows in the world. One of the first to focus solely on business, CannaCon has always worked to portray the industry as a professional environment to do business in. The proof has been in the results, with millions in sales struck at the 2015 expo. This year has taken the B2B focus and added more consumer lifestyle products, allowing consumers and retail owners alike the opportunity to check out the newest trends and gadgets in the pot world. The show is already sold out of vending space, with 348 booths sold to 240 different companies covering every aspect of the Cannabis industry. “When we did the first show, there were three 502 stores open. Last February there were 34. And by the time our next show starts, there will be180. And soon we will have 552. A lot of the company owners have asked about products to look at to stock shelves, and we’ve responded by adding 50-60 booths with products like vapes and pipes and lifestyle stuff, lot’s more end user products. The public can come out for great deals, and retailers can have that access at CannaCon this year,” Smart explained. A basic event pass is only $20, with a $10 parking fee that is waived for anyone who preregisters. While this is a great bargain, we recommend grabbing a seminar pass for the weekend.

One day runs $75, three for $200, and $300 gets an all-access pass including the Budtender Certification program, which is normally $200. Only 700 seminar passes are available, and they are selling quickly as the event approaches. “The seminars this year are featuring more Q&A’s where attendees can interact directly with speakers. That’s what people want; they want to ask questions and have real answers. We will have everything from best practices for CO2, for making topicals, for BHO extraction, for new rosin, for ethanol. So people will be able to get up there and ask questions like, ‘how do we do this, how do we avoid the result,’ instead of listening to someone talk about their brand.” Other panels include a legal panel, a marketing panel, multiple cultivation panels and more. This year’s seminars also include a panel with the Washington Liquor and Cannabis Board, Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health. These will be vital opportunities for consumers and business owners alike to ask important questions and learn < Bob Smart, about changing regulations. Founder “This is going to be the best speaking series of anything people have done. We can’t wait to get started this year.”

“THE SEMINARS THIS YEAR ARE FEATURING MORE Q&A’S WHERE ATTENDEES CAN INTERACT DIRECTLY WITH SPEAKERS.”

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Get tickets and learn more about the event and schedule Feb. 18-20 in Seattle at their website www.CannaCon.org

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medicine are a healthy and quality choice for any patient seeking CBD therapy. With a low percentage of THC there is very little psychoactivity, leaving the powerful cannabinoids to do their work without the traditional heavy high. Cracking open a nug smells like a bowl of overripe bananas swimming in earthy, sweet, mossy notes. The smoke tingles the throat lightly on inhale, with almost no cough during exhale. Medical effects are mellow and relaxing, with a warm feeling that starts in the lungs and spreads deep into the body. Harlequin is perfect for patients with pain, depression, inflammation and anxiety, as well as a balancer for consuming higher-THC products. Although this strain is known to be a sativadominant hybrid, we found the effects very neutral. Both mentally and physically, this particular Harlequin keeps the mind even and calm, making this perfect for any time of day. We used it in the morning to center and calm before a big day, and as the last bowl of the night before a restful sleep. Either way, you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go wrong with this CBD medicine from CannaPi. The flower passed all microbial testing and can be used by patients with compromised immunity or sensitive conditions. Check out their selection of medicine that is all tested for purity and potency, and enjoy some of the best medicine Seattle has to offer. CANNAPI CONSULTING (MEDICAL)

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RAINIER XPRESS

Reviewed

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Owner Patrick Seifert is a Marine Corps. veteran and has always offered free or discounted medicine to vets.

Strains 5/5 FREEDOM OF choice is encouraged

at Rainier Xpress, with 30+ strains displayed left to right based on sativa or indica dominance. Grams price out from $8-15 a gram, and collective members who access medicine for over a month never pay more than $10 per gram. The $8 gram selection is killer, with eight different strains at all times that have been rotated down from the top shelf. Rainier Xpress also carries a consistent selection of CBD strains, with five high-CBD options on a recent visit.

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Edibles 5/5 RAINIER XPRESS has a wide selection of edibles, meeting patient needs with variety and fair pricing. We noticed Goo Balls, Loaded Sodas, Sweet Treats and Weedzas available cold. There are also Better Budder Bon Bons and Medi Monster Fudge. We especially liked the complete selection of Wizard’s Garden CBD. Siddhi Tonics’ full line was available as well, with their Bhang blends featuring natural herbs and quality Cannabis extract.

Concentrates 4/5 DABBERS AND OIL connoisseurs will find

a great selection here, with a quality and broad selection of oils. Evergreen Extracts’ dabbable CO2 is available, but what really caught our attention was the rosin selection. Fire Brothers, Mana Gardens and PNW Roots all had delicious and top-shelf rosin options, and Kush and Karma rosin looked extra special. There are also options from Dopen, Honest Extracts and THINC Concentrates Cartridges for those who prefer to vape.

BUZZ CHIPS THE SCORE

$12, package contains 103mg THC & 21mg CBD

BY WIZARD’S GARDEN | Sugar-free

Buzz Chips from Wizard’s Garden are a great medible option that allows for flexible dosing and a guilt-free delivery method. While most edibles are full of calories, these new chips are made of Birchwood Xylitol, which helps prevent cavities and is beneficial to teeth. The medicine inside is high quality and each piece contains 12.9mg THC and 2.6mg CBD, with a total of 103mg THC and 21mg CBD in the whole package. This is a great value for the cannabinoids alone. The taste is sweet at first, and although the mints crumble a little early, the flavor is inviting and there is no notice of the medicine. Overall, these are a great value for patients!

va lu e : e ffe c t: ta ste : la be l: TOTA L: 18/20

Environment 5/5 THIS IS THE type of collective

that members want to join. It really feels like a home and the environment is friendly and supportive. The patient membership offers a great discount for loyal members and the compassion program ensures that vulnerable patients get the medicine they need. This is a true collective and the heart is evident here.

BLUEBERRY PANCAKES

You won’t mind cooking breakfast later

GROWN BY FIRE BROS. | This strain

THE SCORE

produces fat, heavy and dense a r oma : nuggets that truly smell like d en si t y: blueberry pancakes on a Sunday c u r e: morning. Add a touch of budder lo o ks: from the strain and you’ll be in f lavo r: heaven. The smell and taste are ef f ec t: similar, with a light earthiness in T O TA L: 28/30 the smoke that balances the sweet. The taste lingers heavily, and the exhale is bright and easy. Effects are great in the morning and provide a friendly energy that keeps your feet on the ground, moving through tasks with a happy buzz. ($10/g)

Overall 19/20 WITH GREAT MEDICINE and a friendly

staff, we recommend stopping by the collective and learning more about the programs offered. Rainier Xpress is a designated Olympia SafePlace, ensuring that anyone can come inside at any time and feel comfortable and welcomed. They also provide services for veterans needing medicine, including 22 Too Many and Meds for Vets. This collective is the definition of advocacy, providing heart and help to the patients of Olympia.

RAINIER XPRESS (MEDICAL)

322 4th Ave E, Olympia, WA 98501 (360) 489-0132 @RainierXpress Facebook.com/RainierXpress

Rainier Xpress also carries a consistent selection of CBD strains, with five high-CBD options on a recent visit. JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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access Strains 5/5

Edibles 4/5

THE STRAIN SELECTION at KushMart is one of

the most extensive and fairly priced in the 502 marketplace.Half ounces are regularly in stock for $75-90 and they have ounce specials starting at $180.Top-shelf ounces don’t exceed $250, and that is for some true fire that is worth the cost in the rec market. We also loved the top-shelf eighths at $40 from brands like Dawg Star, Fire Line and Panacea. I’m partial to these $75 half ounces of Ace of Spades by Clarity Farms, a highCBD strain that is better priced than at some Northwest medical collectives.

WITH MEDIBLE OPTIONS starting at $3 for 10mg (the special rotates weekly), the selection here has something for everyone. We especially liked the selection of tinctures and capsules, including a 100mg THC tincture from Winterlife for $30 and 100mg BHO caps for the same price. There are also sweeter options like truffles and candies, though most are higher priced than the tincture or capsule per mg.

KUSHMART

46/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

Reviewed

Concentrates 5/5 DAILY $30 GRAMS of quality BHO are a

nice sight to see amid a fine selection of recreational concentrates. We also found cartridges for $30 with a half gram of oil and a variety of other fair-priced options. What’s great is the presence of bargain-priced oil and the top-shelf quality. We liked all of the really great-looking top-shelf oil from $50 per gram, with options like Pearl Scout Cookies and Blackberry Chem OG by Fire Line. They also have CO2 wax at $50 per gram from Ionic and a wide variety of cartridges, though the best deals are on dabbable oils.

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Environment 4/5 EASILY ACCESSIBLE along Everett’s bustling

Evergreen Way in a plain strip mall, this isn’t where you’d expect one of the busiest and most loved retail stores in Washington. But the proof is in the numbers and KushMart was the fourth highest grossing 502 store in November according to the WSLCB database. The staff is friendly and helpful as well, making a trip inside a rewarding experience. It’s a friendly, fair-price environment where customers get a nice experience and a quality bunch of items.

Overall 18/20 WITH AN unabashed focus

on volume and consumer happiness, KushMart has found an amazing balance in the 502 system. They offer better products for less money and do it on a daily basis. We recommend checking out KushMart on social media and following the daily deals offered to consumers. There are some amazing prices for those shopping recreationally.

G-13 SHATTER

KUSHMART (RECREATIONAL)

6309 Evergreen Way, Everett 98203 (425) 374-7029 KushMart99.com

KushMart was the fourth highest grossing 502 store in November according to the WSLCB database.

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THE SCORE

This beautiful purplear oma: hued bud is awesome d en s it y: and it knows it, as cu r e: evidenced by the l o o ks : name. The Truth is f l avo r : just that: a definitive ef f ect: top-shelf flower. Covered in trichomes T O TAL : 27/30 and releasing rich and creamy earth tones with thick layers of sweetness, this flower is tasty. Snapping a nug is easy, coating fingers in resin as a bowl is loaded. The smoke is warm and sweet with a light cough and the exhale is mild with a sweet spicy aftertaste. Effects are indica-dominant and happy, making this flower a true treat. ($60/3.5g)

layers of paper-thin stable shatter make up a grab of this top-shelf BHO. The G-13 by Rogue Raven has perfect clarity and a fine shatter consistency that is surprisingly easy to dab. When consumed properly on low temp, there is zero cough, though the exhale does tingle with the resin and massive load of THC left behind. This 66.24 percent BHO dabs harder effectsTHE SCORE wise than many higher THC options, l a be l : with terps and quality va l ue : starting material ta s te : leading the way. e ffe ct: Effects are relaxed TOTA L : 17/20 and happy, with a slow-building euphoria that peaks about an hour after a couple large dabs before melting into a fuzzy body high for the next one to two hours. Try this at any time, but with plans that aren’t mentally taxing. ($50/gram)

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recipes

By LAURIE WOLF for NORTHWEST LEAF | PHOTOS by BRUCE WOLF for NORTHWEST LEAF

BANANAS AND OATS

My New Year’s resolution was no more New Year’s resolutions!

Vegan & gluten-free yet still really tasty

Makes 18 cookies, 2/serv.

Everything in moderation; that’s the ticket. Eat, drink and smoke what you want, but remember that less is usually more. And that includes Cannabis. For medicinal use, the high numbers make sense, but for rec, you may find that hovering around 10-20 percent THC will do you just fine. You will be able to speak, even tell a story if you don’t go overboard. Life is busy and sweets are yummy, so I have developed three cookie recipes that have just four ingredients, many of which you will have in the house. Feel free to add decorations and extracts, but nothing else is required to make these tasty canna-cookies.

1. Heat the oven to 340.

In a medium bowl, combine the bananas, oatmeal, almond butter and the cannacoconut oil. Mix well.

2. Drop the mixture

by tablespoons onto a parchment-lined baking sheet. Bake the cookies for 9 to 11 minutes until they turn golden brown. Let cool before moving to wire rack.

INGREDIENTS

2-3 tablespoons of your favorite canna-coconut oil ————PLUS————— 1/2 cup almond butter 2 ripe bananas, mashed 1 1/2 cups quick cook gluten-free oatmeal

50/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

Makes 24 cookies, 2/serv. Gluten -free

PEANUT BUDDER COOKIES These delicious treats will be tough to resist for long

1. In a medium bowl, combine all the ingredients. Chill mixture for 30 min.

2. Heat oven to 340. Roll the peanut butter mixture into 1½-inch balls. Place cookies on a baking sheet lined with parchment and gently press down.

3. Using a fork, make an impression on each of the cookies. That’s a thing with PB cookies. Email me if you want to know why. Laurie@Laurieandmaryjane. com

INGREDIENTS

2-4 tablespoons of melted and cooled Canna-butter ————PLUS————— 1 cup chunky peanut butter 1 large egg, lightly beaten ¾ cup sugar

4. Bake the cookies until they have set and have become golden brown. Allow to

THE SHORT & SWEET Butter cookies just like Gramma made

INGREDIENTS

3 tablespoons canna-butter that has come to room temp ————PLUS————— 5 tablespoons butter, softened 1 cup flour plus 2 tablespoons 1/3 cup sugar

Makes 18 cookies, 2/serv.

Heat oven to 340. Beat butters and sugar till light and fluffy using an electric mixer. Next, beat in sugar till light and creamy. 2. Fold in the flour till no particles show. 3. Drop the mixture by tablespoons onto parchment-lined baking sheets, 3 inches apart. Bake until firm and until the edges of the cookies are a very light golden brown. Let cool before moving to a wire rack.

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FECO CARTRIDGES New from Craft Elixirs is a quality

recreational cartridge offered at a fair price for the cannabinoid content. While many cartridges in recreational stores are running at $60 or more, this basic option stands out for quality and fairness. Processed with organic cane alcohol, this product is as natural and whole as an extract can get. There is no artificial flavoring or chemicals, just Cannabis and a small amount of residual alcohol. The result is an earthy and sweetTHE SCORE tasting cartridge that delivers an effective l ab el : dose of cannabinoids. val u e: We tried the Purple tas t e: Diesel cartridge that ef f ect: tested at 52.8 percent THC, 1.9 percent CBN T O TAL : 16/20 and one percent CBG and experienced a well-balanced and clean high that was representative of the strain. Because they don’t use any fake chemicals, you can really taste the herbal quality to the medicine.

$30-40, available from recreational stores

LEGAL SODA Our favorite part of this medible is the message: It’s Legal!

So we chose to swap out an alcoholic beverage for a locally produced Cannabis one this past holiday and it was definitely a good choice. Popping the cap open releases a satisfying carbonated mist that tingles the nose when poured into a glass. The liquid is a beautiful cherry color, with effervescent bubbles rising THE SCORE inside. The taste is fresh cherries, one the company chose because l ab el : of added terpenes that enhance val u e: the medicating effects. Because tas t e: we have a higher tolerance, we drank a full 20mg bottle and could ef f ect: have probably finished two, but the T O TAL : 17/20 balance of THC and the terpenes made for a relaxing high. This is a perfect choice for taking the edge off a busy day, or relaxing at the end of a weekend. While we do wish the soda came in a higher dosage, we enjoyed the experience and can’t wait to try another tasty flavor! $17, available at recreational stores

54/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

THE LIQUID IS A BEAUTIFUL CHERRY COLOR, WITH EFFERVESCENT BUBBLES RISING INSIDE.

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By MICHAEL BAUGHMAN | SKYHORSE PUBLISHING, 2015 | 224 PAGES | $19.99 PAPERBACK

GROWER’S MARKET A Novel of Free Enterprise in Marijuana Country For an inside look at the grower’s life right here in the Pacific Northwest, it’s hard to beat “Grower’s Market,” from author Michael Baughman. A resident of Ashland, Ore., Baughman is the author of six books and his writing chops make reading this novel a real pleasure. This dark, bizarrely comic novel about marijuana growers in the remote PNW is a valuable peek into a unique subculture and the turf wars that can emerge in a prohibitionist paradigm. Enter, Sunbeam. Sunbeam, a child of the peace-loving hippie movement, entered adult life looking for calm and quiet in the PNW. What she got was a massive marijuana grow. Combat veterans, hoping to put their pasts far behind them, are helping Sunbeam in her new life. Hoping to retire on marijuana money, each of them is working on manifesting their own dreams for the future. Shadow and Shrimp plan on using their mon-

ey to open a restaurant out in the middle of nowhere. Shakespeare is working on a novel about a superhero named, well, Superpenis. Toon, covered in tattoos, sees himself as the symbol of a world gone mad, while Stones is in love with a stranger at the homeless shelter. But newcomers in the sleepy town shared by Sunbeam and her men — newcomers hoping to claim land for their own Cannabis operation — are large-scale growers of the armed drug cartel variety. With them comes the whiff of violence and death. Shadow, Shrimp, Stones, Toon and Shakespeare will have to return to their old ways to defend their new lives and their dreams if they don’t want to leave in body bags. Facing the ruthlessness of the profit-crazed newcomers and the duplicity of those they thought were friends, the men of Sunbeam’s grow operation find themselves in a fight for survival. That’s free enterprise, alright.

THIS DARK, BIZARRELY COMIC FICTION ABOUT GROWERS IN THE REMOTE PNW IS A VALUABLE PEEK INTO A UNIQUE SUBCULTURE

Sunbeam, a child of the peace-loving hippie movement, entered adult life looking for calm and quiet in the Pacific Northwest. What she got was a massive marijuana grow.

The characters don’t want to end up here.

58/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

health & science

PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

@BERMANPHOTOS

CANNABIS & OPIOIDS

ecently, I had the opportunity to interview Dr. John Hicks, author of “The Medicinal Power of Cannabis,” on the intriguing subject of cannabinoids and their relationship with prescription opioids. After reading Dr. Hicks’ chapter on Pain, I immediately reached out to him for his take on cannabinoid-opiate interaction. Before broaching the topic at large, Dr. Hicks outlined the two differences in pain we experience: inflammatory and neuropathic pain. “Neuropathic pain is frequently chronic, and the neurons in the brain or peripheral nervous system become hypersensitized… 40 percent of cancer patients have neuropathic-created pain.” receptors in these regions, making opioid efficacy obsolete in According to Dr. Hicks’ book, inflammatory pain is a comparison. Despite new findings, doctors and hospitals sprained ankle, or inflicted wound from physical trauma. By are still reluctant to touch anything Cannabis-related. Neuropathic pain is what’s seen in cases of chronic pain. SIMONE FISCHER Not long ago, I found out I cannot obtain my medical Understanding the differences in the way our body for marijuana card through my doctor at Oregon Health and perceives pain is the first step in wrangling long-term NORTHWEST LEAF Sciences University (OHSU) because they are a federally management options. funded institution. Oregon is one of the first states officially As of today, the only present pain treatment options pardoned by the federal government in the face of new for these issues are opioids, and they are only effective 50 adult legalization, according to the Oregon Liquor Control percent of the time, according to a study conducted in 2006 Commission. Medical Cannabis has been legal since 1999 in Oregon, on cannabinoids and human breast carcinoma. Cannabis is going yet many patients still cannot obtain an OMMP card directly through mainstream through medicinal and anti-prohibition efforts, yet their primary provider. doctors refuse to sign medical marijuana cards. One of the biggest issues in medical marijuana research is bringing Cannabis has shown to be more effective in reducing pain because physicians up to speed on the spectrum of healing involving Cannabis. cannabinoid receptors are located on afferent myelinated A fibers, Dr. Hicks was kind enough to shed some light on the nuanced subject. meaning there are more cannabinoids receptors than mu-opioid

62/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

research on pain management is JUST BEGINNING TO COME to light even though Cannabis has been used medicinally for thousands of years.

Cannabis is a game changer

in cases of spinal pain management. As Dr. Hicks states in his book, “THC has been shown to increase the effectiveness of morphine, and, with this increase in effectiveness, a reduced dose can be used to control pain.THC has been shown to act as a kappa and delta opioid receptors whose stimulation acts synergistically with opiates.” THC increases the efficacy of opiates and also reduces the opiate dose needed to manage typical spinal pain. This knowledge was monumental. In most cases, a physician or pain management specialist would corner people into choosing either opiates or Cannabis, not both. When Dr. Hicks and I discussed the dichotomy, the biggest issue of pushback from doctors was more research must be conducted on how Cannabis interacts with other medications. Ultimately, it comes down to malpractice. According to Oregon’s “2014 Drug Overdose Deaths, Hospitalizations, Abuse & Dependency Among Oregonians,” after a peak of opiate-related deaths in 2006, since 2011, opiate deaths have continue to drop in Oregon. Some credit the drop in mortality in Oregon due to medical legalization in 1999. Watching the mortality of opiate addiction in states with new medical and adult legalization of Cannabis can only be shown with time. Research is giving Cannabis the green light. It’s time our physicians and health care providers follow suit.

AN INTERVIEW WITH AUTHOR DR. JOHN HICKS

“The Medicinal Power of Cannabis.” 1 ) In most clinical settings, the subject of Cannabis is off limits. Even when patients do find doctors willing to consider Cannabis as a means to manage chronic pain, physicians make people choose between the two. Why is this? “Other than the scheduling of marijuana, I think about how we have been taught to think about marijuana, and when we say marijuana doesn’t have any benefit, we must relook at this. It comes down to education because we have been taught it’s a bad thing. It’s just a thing, and has its risks just like anything else. “The whole perception is: it’s only bad and can’t be good, so everyone has it in their head, and people are very slow to change. It’s not bad; it’s still marijuana, but it’s not a criminal act. The other issue is furthering understanding on how cannabinoids interact with different prescriptions.”

2 ) In light of the evidence showing cannabinoids more effective in managing pain than opiates, how do you think this information will affect medical providers’ perception of Cannabis in the face of opioid addiction epidemics? “Look at Cannabis itself: THC works through CB1 receptors to numb pain, but CBD works peripherally to decrease the perception of pain. The entourage effect has a major role in the way pain is managed through the endocannabinoid system. When I start thinking about if I can decrease the amount of opiate used for pain relief, maybe it can reduce a reliance on pills. If I can cut down on a medication you might be addicted to, using Cannabis might be a realistic answer. Ultimately, doctors need more access to physician-by-physician education on Cannabis.”

3) What are your thoughts on single-metabolite research legislation? What about states that are proposing CBD-only medicine despite knowledge surrounding the entourage effect?

It comes down to education because we have been taught it’s a bad thing.

“It’s bad. The reality for some illnesses and other health issues is you are going to need the combination of THC and CBD together to receive the full benefit. If you only legalize one or the other, it limits your potential benefit, especially in CBD states. When you think about marijuana and how it acts in an entourage of cannabinoids, there is greater effectiveness as a whole. “We can look at individual cannabinoids and what they do alone and figure out combinations for cancer or immune remodulation. We can say you need a combination of cannabinoids depending on the issue. [You must] educate people, because the reality is, it doesn’t have to be this or that, it may be a combination of using one thing, or less of another; and to me that makes sense.”

Simone Fischer is a frequent contributor to the health and science section of Northwest Leaf and Oregon Leaf. She is a Portland OMMP patient and vocal Cannabis advocate. She is a contributing editor at Ladybud Magazine as well as a graduate of women’s and gender studies from Portland State University.

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health & science

Anxiety disorders are treatable, and the

vast majority of people with an anxiety disorder can be helped with professional care if they seek it. Only one-third of those diagnosed are treated. Success of treatment varies and length of treatment varies from weeks to years. Treatment can be complicated by the existence of multiple overlapping anxieties and other mental disorders. Depression and substance abuse are two common complicating factors. Treatment plans must be individually tailored due to these complications. Treatment options consist primarily of therapy, pharmaceuticals and alternative therapies.

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F EA T L OR ES BUT HW RI E RT NT ROS NO CO TT BY CIAL SCO E . SP DR

nxiety disorders include specific phobias where an individual has an inappropriate level of intense fear of an object or situation, and panic disorders where feelings of terror strike suddenly and repeatedly without warning. There can also be physical symptoms with a panic attack including sweating, chest pain, palpitations and a feeling of choking. Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke the anxiety. Anxiety is a feeling of fear, worry, nervousness or unease, typically about an upcoming event or something with an uncertain outcome. It can be a reaction to stress, or it can occur in people who are unable to identify significant stressors in their life. Most people experience stress and anxiety from time to time. Stress is any demand placed on your brain or physical body. Anxiety disorders develop from a complex set of risk factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, personality and life events. Stress and anxiety are not always bad. In the short term, they can help you overcome a challenge or dangerous situation. Anxiety is not deemed abnormal or diagnosed as a disorder until the anxiety becomes excessive, pervasive or inappropriate and affects an individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health and well-being negatively. If one avoids situations due to irrational fears, constantly worrying or having severe anxiety about a traumatic event weeks after it happened, it might be time to seek help for that individual.

ANXIETY AFFECTS 40 MILLION ADULTS AND IS THE MOST COMMON MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE U.S.

O T W O H OT BE S N XIOU N A

Typically, a person will present to their primary care doctor the symptoms of anxiety and stress, as well as physical symptoms such as headaches, neck pain, chest pain or stomach pain among others. The recommendation of a mental health provider is often made and psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is used to help work through stress and anxiety. Applied relaxation techniques can be taught by the therapist to help manage stress and anxiety outside the clinical setting. A popular and effective technique is cognitive behavioral therapy. In this technique, anxious thoughts and behaviors are recognized and

changed to more positive ones. Exposure therapy, effective in treating phobias, involves gradually increasing exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli to help manage feelings of fear. The primary care provider may also recommend medication to help treat a diagnosed anxiety disorder. These may include selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Zoloft or Paxil. Sometimes providers use anti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines) such as Valium or Ativan, but these medications are generally used on a short-term basis due to the risk of addiction. These medications might be better managed by

a long-term psychiatrist. Medication therapies fed beef, lentils, pumpkin seeds and cashews. certainly have some effectiveness, limitations and Think of anxiety as a hot, burning ember with drawbacks and should be of last resort and used for flickering flames that tend to flare at times. Havshort durations. ing this visual may help to drink more water as Basic lifestyle choices such as diet, water intake the water will metaphorically dowse the flames and substance use and abuse can have an impact on of anxiety to panic. The human body is 70 perstress and anxiety. Regular exercise and sleep patcent water. Water is an essential component to a terns can be key in keeping anxiety at bay. healthy mind-body connection and function. At Therapies such as massage, acupuncture and Reileast eight eight-ounce glasses or 64 ounces per ki can help relax the system, offsetting stress and day is a minimum healthy consumption of water. relieving anxiety. A regular practice such as breathWater helps to detoxify irritants and toxins from ing meditation or Qigong (an ancient Chinese the body such as caffeine, nicotine and alcohol health care system that integrates physical postures, that many consume on a regular basis. breathing techniques and focused intention) can be Psychologists studying how exercise relieves crucial in offsetting anxiety-inducing stress. Nutrianxiety suggest that a 10-minute walk may be tional supplementation and botanical medicine has just as good as a 45-minute workout. The effects much to offer an anxious individual may be temporary, however they as well. demonstrated that a brisk walk or Diet is key. We truly are what we other simple activity can deliver AVOIDING eat. Garbage in equals garbage out several hours of relief, similar to ANXIETY on many levels, especially the nertaking an aspirin for a headache. vous system. Highly processed and Physically active people have Be active: Exercise improves refined foods drive the nervous syslower rates of anxiety than sedenmental health in as little as tem into overload with high levels tary people. Exercise may improve 10 minutes. Even just walking of unhealthy fats and sugar. mental health by helping the helps you keep your cool. Both animal and human studbrain cope better with stress. In ies have confirmed that being one study, researchers found that Eat right: Foods higher in well-nourished helps decrease anxthose who got regular vigorous magnesium such as beans, iety and increases the ability to hanexercise were 25 percent less likenuts, seeds and green leafy dle stressful situations. ly to develop an anxiety disorder vegetables calm the brain. Essential fatty acids such as DHA over the next five years. are key to feeding the brain and nerLack of sleep leads to negative Go relax: Massage therapies, vous system. Fish, flax seeds, Brusthoughts, fatigue and edginess. acupuncture and Reiki are sels sprouts and walnuts are all good Anxiety levels are increased with all great ways to help your essential fatty acid sources. Fish oil a lack of sleep. Aim for seven to body stave off the pressure. supplements are a good source and nine hours of quality sleep at the Stop phobias: Increasing more concentrated. In fact, DHA is same time every night to improve exposure gradually to someso important to brain development anxiety levels. thing you’re afraid of allows that it is fortified in infant formula. Massage, acupuncture and ReiAntioxidants coming from blueyou to conquer those fears. ki are all therapies that can address berries, blackberries and other bluethe energetics and soft tissues of black-purple pigment-containing the body. In anxiety, the energy fruits, vegetables and legumes are important. Anof the body is chaotic and not smoothly flowing. tioxidants squelch reactive oxygen species and othThere are techniques to correct this imbalance er free radical (unhappy and highly reactive) moland relieve an individual of it. Mindfulness-based ecules to reduce damage and irritation to tissues, practices such as breathing meditation and Qinamely the brain structures responsible for driving gong can help to reduce one’s anxiety levels. anxiety. “If you want to conquer the anxiety of life, live People who suffer generalized anxiety disorder in the moment, live in the breath,” says Amit Ray are often low on serum magnesium levels. Magin his book, “Om Chanting and Meditation.” nesium serves to relax the muscles and calm the In contrast to cognitive behavioral therapy, nervous system. Including foods that are higher in mindfulness-based therapy allows for the person the mineral magnesium like beans, nuts, seeds and to focus on the bodily sensations that arise when dark green leafy vegetables in the diet makes sense. he or she is anxious. Instead of avoidance, he or Brain health and function has been shown to imshe opens up to distressing thoughts in an effort prove with the mineral zinc. Sources include grassto realize and acknowledge that they are not lit-

erally true. It may seem counterintuitive, but fully realizing the experience of anxiety helps anxious people to escape from their negative thoughts. The person practices responding to disruptive thoughts and letting these thoughts go. By remaining present in the body, they learn that the anxiety they experience is merely a reaction to perceived threats.

Many people who use Cannabis say that it

relieves their anxiety, and yet an equal number say that it causes them anxiety. The issue seems to be in the plant compounds THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). Strains that are higher in THC and very low in CBD tend to cause people anxiety. These are more the sativa and sativa-dominant hybrids that induce this effect and it might be in individuals who have a predisposition to anxiety. Indica and indica hybrid strains tend to be more moderate on the THC levels and contain a higher percentage of CBD. THC is the psychoactive compound that drives the effects of the high in the central nervous system, while CBD relaxes the body. CBD actually augments the effects of THC, rendering the chemistry to be less anxiety-producing. And this being simply stated based on the dichotomy of THC and CBD when there are many other cannabinoids, terpenes and other plant compounds that are involved in this chemical concert. Anxiety levels are at an all-time high in our nation. The number of people diagnosed with anxiety in the U.S. makes it the most commonly diagnosed mental illness, so many are on medication for anxiety and/or in therapy, and with 67 percent of those people not seeking treatment, anxiety is decidedly becoming more widespread. Never before have we as a culture or as individuals been bombarded with so much information to keep up on, technologies to keep up with, schedules to adhere to, etc. Modern life is demanding on a time-tested and ever-evolving human system; however, are we asking too much? Remember what you set your mind on — your focus and your intent is what you shall manifest — so set your intent and focus on the peace of your breath in each and every moment.

Dr. Scott Rose has written about

Cannabis and health for years in the pages of Northwest Leaf and Oregon Leaf. He is an acupuncturist with a pain resolution clinic in the Crown Hill area of Seattle.

Jan. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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STORY & PHOTOS by BOB MONTOYA for NORTHWEST LEAF

Micro strains

this monthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strains are from the Seattle area, on the Lake. The garden is indoor growing under HPS and a proprietary nutrient mix. Zanae is a Masterful Grower. Her energy and tempo are furious at times, leading her peers. A large portion of her yields go to ingestible concentrates from FECO, to RSO and many varieties of tinctures and butters. Her products are potent, beware. I toured the operation for a day, settling in at a sunny windowed corner to shoot the buds coming up from downstairs. Each bud comes in a red solo cup with distilled water to keep it fresh as I set up to shoot. First up an OG AK47, renamed ZD47 in honor of Zanae who has managed to keep this Original Genetics of AK available. Its earthy, sweet flowery scent was wafting up and filling my head as I leaned over for the close shots. Covered in sugary trichomes, it is a joy to behold. Its Sativa Dominant mix is known to clear the airway and improve attention to detail for enhanced creativity. Juicy Fruit leans away from, and is a good complement to the ZD47 when you are ready to relax and wind down. Indica dominance by way of Afghani Indica makes it a sit down and relax medication. The buzz comes on slow and made me a little dizzy. Its effect goes long and is very relaxing. The aroma of citrus and sweet punch finishing in the sour is a good indication of a pain killer. Z Girl Gardens produces the finest top shelf, Micro Strains specifically for Patients suffering from Endo Cannabinoid Deficiencies here in WA State. The clock is counting down. More and more growers are reluctant to come forward anymore, slipping instead back into the shadows. We all need to do what we can to keep this freedom alive. Do your part, like theses front runners of the industry are doing.

70/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

ZD-47

Bob Montoya is a Cannabis photographer, veteran & well-seasoned grower hailing from Olympia.

JUICY FRUIT

Indica dominance by way of Afghani Indica makes it a sit down and relax medication.

Jan. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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KAVA

health & science

A BOTANICAL MONOGRAPH

KAVA

BY NORTHWEST LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCOTT D. ROSE

medicinal uses

Sedative, anaesthetic, and anti anxiety

Kava is said to elevate mood, well being, and contentment, and produce a feeling of relaxation.

Kava extracts have been found to be effective against anxiety.

In one double-blind, placebo controlled study, 29 subjects were treated for four weeks with 100 mg three times daily kava extract, standardized to contain 70% kava lactones. Compared to the placebo group, the kava group experienced significant decreases in symptoms of anxiety measured on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. In a another double-blind, placebo controlled study of two groups of 20 women, using the same dosage as above, kava was found effective for decreasing anxiety associated with menopause.

In a number of studies kava extracts have compared favorably to prescription medications such as benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants (often used to treat anxiety disorders), and without the side-effects commonly seen with these drugs. Not only does kava appear not to impair reaction time, it appears to improve concentration. In two separate studies, oxazepam (a common anxiolytic medication) was found to slow reaction time, while kava actually enhanced performance. Kavain appears to be the most effective surface anesthesia, comparable to cocaine in strength and duration of action. Subcutaneous injections have been known to provide anesthesia for several hours to several days. Too high a dose, however, can induce temporary paralysis, rendering it not the most suitable local anesthetic.

family

Piperaceae (the pepper family)

72/JAN. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

common names

side effects and toxicity

Awa, ava, yaqona, sakau, malok

geography

native to the Pacific Island region

description

This shrub produces large, green, heart-shaped leaves that grow thickly on the branches. Long, slender flowers grow where the branches meet the stems. The roots look like bundles of woody, hairy branches. perennial plant

parts used

dosage

Provision of dosage information does NOT constitute a recommendation or endorsement, but rather indicates the range of doses commonly used. Kava is also available in liquid form, as tinctures or standardized extracts, and powdered in capsules or tablets.

Primarily, only the root is used.

active constituents

active constituents consist of a group of lactones, organized around an arylethylene-alpha-pyrone skeleton. These kava lactones (AKA kava pyrones) make up 3-20 percent of the root by dry weight. Fifteen lactones have been isolated from kava, nine of which have been fully identified.

historical uses

used ceremonially for thousands of years. Traditionally, a beverage is prepared, then drunk before the evening meal.

drug interactions

There is concern that kava may cause liver damage. More than 30 cases of liver damage have been reported in Europe. However, researchers have not been able to confirm that kava is toxic to the liver. It’s not clear whether kava itself causes liver damage, or whether taking kava in combination with other drugs or herbs is responsible.

The recommended dosage for kava depends upon the concentration of kava lactones. Therapeutic dosages appear to be in the range of 50-70 mg of the kava lactones three times daily, or approximately 100 mg TID of the 70-percent standardized extract. In a 30-percent concentration, the dosage would be in the range of 200 mg three times daily.

warnings and contraindications

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory in March 2002 regarding the “rare” but potential risk of liver failure associated with kava-containing products.

Xanax and central nervous system depressants including alcohol interact with kava. Levodopa interacts. Any medication that is changed in the liver has a potential to interact with kava. Check with your doctor about use.

Do not take kava if you have depression, liver disease, such as hepatitis, or Parkinson’s disease. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should not take kava.

Try using KAVA at home: www.tinyurl.com/kavarecipe2016

WARNING: THIS PRODUCT HAS INTOXICATING EFFECTS AND MAY BE HABIT FORMING. SMOKING IS HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH. THERE MAY BE HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF THIS PRODUCT. SHOULD NOT BE USED BY WOMEN THAT ARE PREGNANT OR BREAST FEEDING. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS TWENTY-ONE AND OLDER. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. MARIJUANA CAN IMPAIR CONCENTRATION, COORDINATION, AND JUDGMENT. DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG.

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THE SEA OF GREEN AS

Legally and Efficently Harvesting Pounds o f Cannabis Every Month

people have to common sense. I have literally had Seattle Police officers at my door making statements like, “what’s your power bill has been fully revealed. This Trojan horse of a bill like? If you’re only growing 15 plants, there should be no change glided handily under the guise of legalization BY NORTHWEST LEAF to your power bill.” Just a second there professor; Seattle City SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR and unfortunately has demarcated the end of DR. SCANDERSON Light charges by the watt, not by the plant. But these are the medical Cannabis in Washington state as we very people in our community we pay to enforce Cannabis policy, know it by forcing the vertical integration of all Cannabis sales to even though it appears that they are about as organized with their the regulatory bodies that can exploit them most aggressively. Like knowledge base as a monkey fucking a football. The blanketed and almost everything in a dwindling system of capitalism where dereguninterrupted effort to continue to hide the medicinal benefits this plant ulation, gross imbalances in the distribution of wealth and the disenfranprovides for humanity creates a steadfast separation between regulatory chisement of the democratic system has left its participants thirsty for a agencies and a process that meets the purported intentions. greed that knows no boundary. Gone are the days of boutique growers In this month’s Grow Tech, we will detail how specifically to harvest legally thriving in a market where true coinsure-grade medicine was made one pound of dried medical-grade Cannabis monthly while staying inavailable to those that demanded it. Enter a new era. One in which the side the recreational limits of six plants. highly taxed and high-pressure system ensures monetary-driven choices It’s no secret that indoor gardeners have attempted to emulate outover ethical ones. Consequently, the smaller-sized artisan Cannabis prodoor production, but they have been relegated to basements and other ducer is left with few legal options with which to serve to their patients or hidden indoor environments to account for prohibition. Necessity betheir passions. ing the mother of all invention is most evident in the world of CannaThankfully, the same uninformed, greedy and generally oligarchical bis farming. By taking the time to understand growth patterns, canopy people are those responsible for writing the laws, regulations and most management, site and branch selection along with basic training methimportantly creating the restrictions they feel will serve to their benefit for ods, it’s very well possible to limit the number of plants in any garden enforcement and prevention measures. It’s at this point that it becomes vewithout limiting the production. hemently clear the ramped levels of ignorance and simple adversity these Scrog techniques, larger sites and properly managed vegetation time allow gardeners to work inside environmental as well as legal limitations while still tapping the plant’s seemingly limitless potential to thrive and produce. If lawmakers wanted to have an impact, they would limit We detail how to harvest one pound of dried the energy inputs, but that would interfere with potential revenue bemedical-grade Cannabis monthly while staying ing channeled to city municipalities and would violate the much higher priority of getting more, more and still more money no matter the cost. inside the recreational limits of six plants.

many of us had predicted, the true agenda of I-502

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HARVEST TIMETABLE CLONE JANUARY 1st

Plant 2 day 1 4 cuts

Plant 1 day 1 Plant 3 day 1

4 cuts

Plant 2 day 1

APRIL 15th MAY 1st

Plant 4 day 1 4 cuts

MAY 15th JUNE 1st

Plant 1 harvest / Plant 3 day 1 Plant 5 day 1

4 cuts

Plant 2 harvest / Plant 4 day 1

JUNE 15th JULY 1st

Plant 1a day 1 4 cuts

JULY 15th AUGUST 1st

Plant 3 harvest / Plant 5 day 1 Plant 2a day 1

4 cuts

Plant 4 harvest / Plant 1a day 1

AUGUST 15th SEPTEMBER 1st

Plant 3a day 1 4 cuts

SEPTEMBER 15th OCTOBER 1st

Plant 5 harvest / Plant 2a day 1 Plant 4a day 1

4 cuts

OCTOBER 15th NOVEMBER 1st

BLOOM SITE 2

4 cuts

MARCH 15th APRIL 1st

BLOOM SITE 1

Plant 1 day 1

FEBRUARY 15th MARCH 1st

VEG SITE 2

4 cuts

JANUARY 15th FEBRUARY 1st

VEG SITE 1

Plant 1a harvest / Plant 3a day 1 Plant 5a day 1

4 cuts

of the plants from the bloom room and move one garden. The first three, clone, and veg sites of the plants from one of the veg sites to the bloom one and two would be run on an 18/6 or 24site replacing the harvested plant. On the 15th of hour light cycle, depending on your prefereach month, you transplant your rooted cuttings ence, while bloom sites one and two would into the available veg site and that’s it. need to always be on 12/12. Each plant is laRound after round you can harvest one of your beled by its count. You’ll notice when plant 5 two bloom sites each month. The best part about is harvested the next plant to start is labeled the system is it requires only five plants total in or1a. This simply is to indicate that you have der to function. The sixth site allows for gardeners harvested your fifth plant so the new plant to keep a mother plant or account is labeled 1a to indicate it’s Drop me a line for variance in blooming days, althe second time plant count lowing you to run a plant for an thegreengardengroup@gmail.com number 1 has been through extra week during which time you the Sea of Green process. would be in caring for six plants. Once the second plant Follow along The table above describes the is harvested, the next plant Instagram @DrScanderson_gT Sea of Green technique in which started in veg is labeled four cuts are taken each time to find the best and plant 2a and so forth. You’ll notice if you strongest one to move on to veg while the remainstart on Jan. 1 it will take until May 1 to ing three are terminated. Veg is run for a full 45 begin the monthly harvesting routine, but days (six weeks) to allow ample time for training from that point forward, following the a structure that will maximize the environment to system, you will have a plant available for produce the desired yield. Bloom is then timed out harvest each and every month and your last on a 60-day interval that can accommodate many initial plant, number 5, will take until Sepvarieties. Keep in mind that this system employs tember to harvest, indicating nine months only five plants in continuity, so as a result, running from Jan. 1 to bring all five original plants a bloom site to day 70 will have you potentially to harvest and be well underway with the farming six total plants including an early clone, second group of five and on and on and on. well within the legal limit. The columns represent the five areas of the

Jan. 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

Photo courtesy of Creative Commons / flickr.com/eggrole

The management style known as SOG is most helpful to employ when considering the limitations of Washington state. Harvesting monthly is an imperative for most patients to treat any of their symptoms. Learning the techniques associated with lower plant count and higher yield per site is a prerequisite for success. Included in this month’s article is the precise and detailed schedule one can use to ensure a steady and consistent flow of high-grade Cannabis in ample supply. The high-altitude view presents a few steadfast rules for farming production along with emerging patterns that provide a comfortable rhythm to live and produce by. The system requires two rooms, each running independent It's very well light cycles. Both rooms need two sites each plus possible a small cloning area in to limit the the vegetative room. On the first of each month, number of four cuts are taken, each plants in a potential candidate for any garden one of your two sites (leveraging the definition without used to define a plant). limiting the Also on the first of each production. month you harvest one

Plant 2a harvest / Plant 4a day 1

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PHOTOS by ERIC RUSSELL

@NUGASHGRAPEAPE

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Share them with us and they might appear here next month! Email your top 2-3 not-taken-with-aphone-unless-they-were-superduper-steady highresolution images to nwleaf@gmail.com along with the usual details on whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s being grown and who to credit (please see corner for the information to include with your email).

GOD BUD

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BREAKDOWN/ Indica-dominant CROSS/ Hawaiian x Purple Skunk GROWER/ Healthy Living Center BREEDER/ Jordan of the Islands LOCATION/ Bellingham, Washington EFFECTS/ Heavy stone, couch lock and pain relief BEST FOR/ Glaucoma, insomnia, headache relief, appetite stimulant and general aches or pains.

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HUMBOLDT COUNTY FIRE OG HOW IT GROWS A BIT OF A SLOW STARTER and a lighter feeder in veg, you can

expect extreme aversion to changes in environment. Early, steady and low-stress training will assist in creating a structure from which one can form a somewhat feasible indoor plant. Once transitioned to bloom, she can stretch 300 percent or more, growing densely spaced branches that need both support and spacing trained in. She likes nitrogen and calcium through week 2-3 of flower but still is sensitive to high nutrient concentrations thriving with lower levels. Within about 70 days, she will produce medium-sized spear-shaped nuggets, comprised of tightly stacked calyxes deeply encrusted with resin. This plant prioritizes resin production, smell, taste and potency over structure and yield, and therefore is best suited for an intermediate gardener.

BAG APPEAL & SMOKE REPORT

Vegging for this long requires advanced experience in height mitigation as these ladies will more than double in size during the first two weeks of flower.

MJBUD.COM

BY NORTHWEST LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON

The flowers have tightly organized calyxes with almost no leaf

evident anywhere, exploding from a center of what appears to be an opaque white fuzz. The overall color appears bright green and blond with welcomed breaks of deep orange crevices as a consequence of the vast array of trichome heads. As stacked as each flower is, it breaks apart perfectly, sending out a potent rush of deep kush and acrid lemon Pine-Sol cleaner. The familiar and riveting scents of piney kush with notes of cedar and a deep lemon reach into the mouth, jerking fiercely as a thick rush of potent smoke escapes through the throat. My chest cavity explodes and a bucket of Murphyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Oil spills out of my mouth as I exhale, immediately complimented by a devastating headrush.

GENETICS: Fire OG Clone Only LINEAGE: The original legend by way of Humboldt County Fire OG Kush cutting needs little introduction. A clone-only strain descendant from Chemdawg is often imitated but seldom replicated.ted.

As my eyelids take a familiar sunset position, I can feel my perky, clear, kushed up, symptom-free state emerge.

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EFFECTS

Flowers in 68-70 days

THE INSTANT HEAD HIGH is followed by the deep relaxation that OG Kush is known for. As my eyelids take a familiar sunset position, I can feel my perky, clear, kushed up, symptom-free state emerge. Special thanks to those who have cultivated and preserved this special plant for so long and those OG Ks for bringing them to my garden.

MYSTERIOUS

CREATURES ARRIVING DAILY

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THIS PRODUC T HAS INTOXICATING EFFEC TS AND MAY BE HABIT FORMING. MARIJUANA CAN IMPAIR CONCENTRATION, COORDINATION, AND JUDGMENT. DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG. THERE MAY BE HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF THIS PRODUC T. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS 21 AND OLDER. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.