Mar. 2022 - Oregon Leaf by Northwest Leaf / Oregon Leaf / Alaska Leaf / Maryland Leaf / California Leaf / Northeast Leaf

THE ENLIGHTENED VOICE

#93 | MAR. 2022

THE STRAINS ISSUE F RE E / L E A F M AGA Z I N E S . COM

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DID YOU KNOW? “Oregon Psilocybin Services is a new section housed within the Oregon Health Authority Public Health Division’s Center for Health Protection. The Oregon Psilocybin Services Section will implement Ballot Measure 109, which was passed in November 2020 and directs the Oregon Health Authority to license and regulate the manufacturing, transportation, delivery, sale, and purchase of psilocybin products and the provision of psilocybin services over a two-year development period, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. During the development process, OHA will work with the Oregon Psilocybin Advisory Board to establish rules and regulations for the implementation of M109 and the use of psilocybin products and services. OHA will begin taking applications for licenses beginning January 2, 2023.”

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THE STRAINS ISSUE

#93

[

MARCH 2022

issue

feature

MODERN BREEDING STRAINS

BREEDER PROFILE

MAR. 2022

51 MZJILL GENETICS BREEDER PROFILE

54 GOING ON A PHENO HUNT COMPOUND GENETICS

MIKE ROSATI

50 RAYA BAMA / RUNTZ

HUMBOLDT SEED COMPANY

COURTESY

Humboldt Seed Company’s Nathaniel Pennington speaks with Leaf Nation’s Zack Ruskin on how the company is growing, evolving, and embedding their seed culture in some very unlikely places.

MIKE ROSATI

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

MIKE ROSATI

13 15 16 20 24 30 34 38 40 44 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 58 60 64 68 70 72 74 78 82 86

EDITOR’S NOTE N AT I O N A L N E W S BUDTENDER Q&A SHOP REVIEW COLD FRAME FARMS BEAR & BOLO PAT I E N T P R O F I L E H I G H LY L I K E LY HEMP INDUSTRY STRAIN OF THE MONTH STRAINS 101 GUIDE COMPOUND GENETICS R AY B A M A / R U N T Z MZJILL GENETICS SHERBINSKIS DUKE DIAMOND PHENO HUNTING MODERN STRAINS T H E H Y P E & T H E H E AT H U M B O L D T S E E D C O M PA N Y RECIPES EDIBLE OTM C O N C E N T R AT E O T M TOPICAL OTM FULL EXTRACT CANNABIS OIL TA N N I N S & T E R P E N E S CANNTHROPOLOGY STONEY BALONEY

JUSTIN MCIVOR

GUIDE

E S TA B L I S H E D 2 0 1 0

T H E E N L I G H T E N E D VO I C E

N O RT H W E S T L E A F / O R EG O N L E A F / A L AS KA L E A F / M A RY L A N D L E A F / CA L I F O R N I A L E A F /

A B O U T T H E C OV E R For this month’s sticky, delicious cover, we partnered with famed macro photographer Erik “Nugshots” Christiansen of Nugshots Lab. Known for his gorgeous still photography and his ability to display a 360-degree view of the world’s finest Cannabis products, Erik provided epic photos of three strains with diverse physical properties for our Strains Issue cover: Ridgeline Farms x Humboldt Seed Company Vanilla Cream Pie, Rolen Stone White Truffle, and Good Lyfe Farms x Humboldt Seed Company Hella Jelly. Head online to watch our moving cover come to life!

PHOTOS by ERIK NUGSHOTS @ERIK.NUGSHOTS

WES ABNEY C E O & F O U N D E R wes@leafmagazines.com MIKE RICKER O P E R AT I N G PA R T N E R ricker@leafmagazines.com

TOM BOWERS C H I E F O P E R AT I N G O F F I C E R tom@leafmagazines.com DANIEL BERMAN C R E AT I V E D I R E C T O R daniel@leafmagazines.com MAKANI NELSON STAT E S A L E S D I R E C T O R makani@leafmagazines.com (808) 754-4182 O’HARA SHIPE O N L I N E E D I T O R ohara@leafmagazines.com MEGHAN RIDLEY C O PY E D I T O R meghan@leafmagazines.com

CONTRIBUTORS BOBBY BLACK, DESIGN + FEATURES JOSHUA BOULET, ILLUSTRATION TOM BOWERS, FEATURES TYLER CAMERON, PHOTOS HOLLY CRAWFORD, REVIEWS AMANDA DAY, PHOTOS + FEATURES JIMI DEVINE, FEATURES EARLY, PRODUCTION EMILY EIZEN, PHOTOS STEVE ELLIOTT, NATIONAL NEWS RYAN HERRON, FEATURES KANDID KUSH, PHOTOS DAVE MCDOWELL, FEATURES JUSTIN MCIVOR, PHOTOS BENJAMIN NEFF, PHOTOS ERIK NUGSHOTS, PHOTOS MIKE RICKER, FEATURES MEGHAN RIDLEY, EDITING MIKE ROSATI, PHOTOS ZACK RUSKIN, FEATURES RYAN SANATEL, FEATURES TONY SIMONELLI, PHOTOS PACER STACKTRAIN, FEATURES DIANA THOMPSON, PHOTOS JAMIE VICTOR, DESIGN NATE WILLIAMS, FEATURES BRUCE & LAURIE WOLF, RECIPES

CONNECT WITH OREGON LEAF! Exclusive Cannabis Journalism @OREGONLEAF

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ABNEY

Editor’s Note Thanks for picking up the Strains Issue of the Leaf! WE’VE COME a long way since the days of all Cannabis being weed, when the best weed ever was the pot we had in our pockets. I remember the struggle of simply trying to buy weed from a dealer who was honest and had tasty flower, which is what led me to buying and selling my own weed to friends in college. This inspired many stoned, youthful experiments to create flavors in the BC Bud we got by the pound – including dropping orange peels or apple slices into a turkey bag, along with a few tortillas to add moisture to the dried out herb.

In those early days, weed came in grades – not in strains – but occasionally a “flavor” profile would come along like Blueberry or Bubblegum that was the equivalent of finding gold in smokeable form. I’ll never forget when my plug handed me a couple ounces in a jar, for free, because he had accidentally spilled a bottle of artificial blueberry flavoring while intending to simply add a few drops. I tried so hard to smoke that weed and as pungent and artificial as it was, I gave up! Even back then I had standards for what I would smoke, and the blueberry experience was so bad that I avoided that flavor in candy and drinks for TODAY, THE TOP at least a year. BREEDERS ARE It wasn’t until I began working with medical Cannabis in 2010 and publishing the Leaf that strains became a concept. The paradigm shift happened in the collectives (dispensaries) that would offer 10-20 types of Cannabis, and through smelling and feeling each bud, it became clear that strains were more than just names given to sell bud – but representative of flavor profiles, growing structure and style, and the effects that were unique to each jar. This experience was like a trip to Willy Wonka’s factory for me, and it turned me on to the amazing world of Cannabis genetics, breeders and the strains that have defined the growth of our industry.

LIKE ROCKSTARS AND THE STRAINS THEY PRODUCE ARE THE TOP HITS – WHICH CAN LEAD TO FAME AND GLORY AMONGST STONERS WORLDWIDE.

Today, the top breeders are like rockstars and the strains they produce are the top hits – which can lead to fame and glory amongst stoners worldwide. But back in the day, breeding was a risk only undertaken by the dedicated and fearless. After all, having the courage to pheno hunt when simple possession was a felony was a rare attribute to be found in the underground grow rooms and distribution networks. But innovation and a passion for flavors and the search for the best new weed has driven generations of growers, and it’s because of those early entrepreneurial plant scientists that we have a wide range of genetics being developed and grown around the planet. In this regard, Cannabis is becoming like the wine industry, with select breeders (think labels/ vineyards) producing unique strains (like vintages/blends/varietals) that have demand around the globe – and a high value! And just like wine, Cannabis connoisseurs don’t want to smoke the same flavors every day, but instead chase new experiences and highs with unique flavors and attributes on a level that surpasses the wine or craft beer industry by far. Cannabis users love new strains and we have the breeders to thank for the countless hours and crop cycles that have led to our beautiful, diverse world of weed we enjoy today. On that note, it is an honor to highlight the world of breeding and strains in this issue of the Leaf. I hope it inspires you to try new strains and appreciate the breeders behind the scenes who put their blood, sweat and money on the line for our enjoyment.

-Wes Abney MAR. 2022

leafmagazines.com

We are creators of targeted, independent Cannabis journalism. Please email us to discuss advertising in the next issue of Oregon Leaf. We do not sell stories or coverage. We can offer design services and guidance on promoting your company’s recreational, commercial or industrial Cannabis business, product or event within our magazine and on our website, leafmagazines.com. Email makani@leafmagazines.com to learn more about our range of affordable print and digital advertising options and to support Oregon Leaf, the state’s longest-running Cannabis magazine!

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N O RT H E AS T L E A F

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normalization

UNIFORMED COP CAUGHT SELLING WEED ON DUTY

COLORADO COULD PROHIBIT FIRING EMPLOYEES FOR CANNABIS USE

eorgia Bureau of Investigation has arrested a Georgia police officer who they say sold marijuana while on duty, in uniform. Leon Mitchell, 32, worked for the Warwick Police Department near the southwest Georgia city of Albany. The GBI’S Southwestern Regional Drug Enforcement Office claimed undercover agents were able to buy weed from Mitchell in Worth and Lee counties. In what must have been a regular Kodak moment, drug agents arrested Officer Mitchell January 28 at the Police Department. Agents arrested Mitchell on two counts of sale/distribution AGENTS SAID THEY of marijuana and one count of posFOUND MARIJUANA, session with intent to distribute. For SCALES AND PLASTIC BAGS RIGHT INSIDE good measure, they piled on four THE CAR WHEN THEY counts of possession of a firearm SEARCHED HIS VEHICLE. during the commission of a felony, three counts of violation of oath of office and two counts of use of a communication device during the commission of a felony. Officers booked Mitchell into the Worth County Jail, where he remained after a judge denied him bail.

a measure introduced at the statehouse in February by two Democratic lawmakers passes, Colorado would soon prohibit employers from firing workers because of their off-the-clock Cannabis use. House Bill 1152 also requires employers to let their workers consume medicinal Cannabis while on the job. The bill includes exceptions for workers whose jobs are in dangerous fields or require fine motor skills, such as operating heavy machinery. “Marijuana is legal in Colorado,” said State Rep. Brianna Titone, a Democrat and sponsor of the bill. “And what people do in their spare time that doesn’t impact their work shouldn’t really be a problem for them. They should be able to enjoy the legal things that we have here in Colorado and not be penalized for it.”Titone is pitching the measure as a way for employers to find workers more easily in Colorado’s tight labor market.

the south

MISSISSIPPI LEGALIZES MEDICAL CANNABIS

ississippi has legalized medical marijuana for people with debilitating conditions, NPR reports. The change comes 15 months after a healthy majority of voters approved a stronger version of the law on Election Day 2020. The National Conference of State Legislatures says 36 states and four territories already allow the medical use of Cannabis, making Mississippi the 37th state to do so as of Gov. Tate Reeves’ February signature. While it became law immediately, it could be months before the first Cannabis dispensaries open.

global

politics

THAILAND IS FIRST IN ASIA TO DECRIM WEED

SENATE MAJORITY LEADER RENEWS FEDERAL LEGALIZATION PUSH

MAR. 2022

90% 400

of its Cannabis buyers come from Idaho, claims the city of Ontario, Ore.

untaxed marijuana greenhouses were recently busted in San Bernardino County, Calif.

enate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer renewed his calls for the federal legalization of marijuana, reports the New York Daily News. “Change has been urgently needed for a long time,” Schumer said, referencing the disproportionate impact Cannabis laws have had on Black communities. “The good news is we’re on the edge of getting change, because the opinions throughout America are changing. All across the country, states are legalizing,” Schumer “ AS MAJORITY LEADER, said. “All across the country, I CAN SET PRIORITIES. minds are changing.” He said he plans to introduce the bill in April. THIS IS A PRIORITY.”

7.6k $2.22b $27b

pounds of untaxed, processed weed was recently seized in a Lake County, Calif. investigation.

worth of Cannabis was sold in Colorado in 2021, the 3rd-most in the nation.

is the estimated size of the legal U.S. marijuana market by 2026.

By STEVE ELLIOTT, AUTHOR OF THE LITTLE BLACK BOOK OF MARIJUANA

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

hailand has become the first country in Asia to approve the de facto decriminalization of marijuana. Unfortunately, law enforcement authorities have left a “gray area” around adult recreational use. Health Minister Anutin Charnvirakul announced that the Narcotics Control Board had approved dropping Cannabis from the list of controlled drugs. The delisting will take effect 120 days after its publication in the government gazette. Thailand removed Cannabis – a plant species to which both marijuana and hemp belong – last December from the list of illegal drugs under the nation’s Narcotics Law. Police and lawyers said it was unclear if possession of Cannabis will still be an offense subject to arrest. Related laws mean production and possession of marijuana remain “regulated” for now. That, unfortunately, leaves the legal status of adult-use marijuana somewhat murky.

marijuana-related bills were filed in the Indiana Legislature’s 2022 session.

NATIONAL NEWS

weird

BUDTENDEr of the month

W H O ’ S Y O U R FAV O R I T E B U D T E N D E R ? T E L L U S W H Y ! E M A I L N O M I N AT I O N S T O R I C K E R @ L E A F M A G A Z I N E S . C O M

Oregon Leaf Budtender of the Month

JAMAL GIPSON ORIGINALLY FROM MARYLAND, Jamal Gipson traded his East Coast living for West Coast ways when his time at the University of Oregon introduced him to the surrounding Eugene scene. Becoming a regular at Eugene OG (one of the closest dispensaries to the campus), it was only a matter of time before he was brought on as a budtender in 2016. These days, he’s one of the OGs of the shop and a friendly face behind the counter that’s always ready with a warm welcome. YOU’RE ON YOUR WAY TO WORK AND IN NEED OF A LITTLE EXTRA PRE-SHIFT BOOST: WHAT TRACK ARE YOU POPPING ON FOR THE DRIVE? Oh man, probably some Beyoncé ‘Already.’ It’s from ‘The Lion King’ album … and it’s literally what I put on this morning on my way here.

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

LET’S SAY IT’S FRIDAY AND YOU’RE FEELING LIKE SOME FUN. WHAT ARE YOU GRABBING OFF THE SHELF AND GETTING INTO FOR THE EVENING? So, I’m probably going to grab some sort of sativa pre-roll or gram. Then head downtown and go to Jameson’s, have a beer or two and end up at The Drake … like dancing the night away. YOU’RE SOMEONE THAT EXUDES A STRONG SENSE OF SELF AND I KNOW THAT YOU SHARE A LOT ABOUT YOUR JOURNEY IN LEARNING TO LOVE AND EXPRESS YOURSELF. DO YOU THINK CANNABIS HAS BEEN A PART OF THAT JOURNEY? Totally! It goes hand in hand with the anxiety thing. I feel like Cannabis will show you aspects of yourself that you try to hide, and that’s great for shadow work and stuff like that. So, when you start intentionally using it and sitting down with some issue that you have or some recurring problem, intentionally “I’M SUPER CHILL deciding ‘I’m going to attack this’ FOR THE MOST or ‘I’m going to work through this’ it PART AND THAT’S will assist in that. In my experience, the mindset you get into can assist GENERALLY in stepping back and looking at WHAT I GO FOR yourself from an outside perspective, … SOMETHING which usually helps. We’re usually CHILL AND just too close to the problem.

PURPLE.”

IF YOU WERE A CANNABIS PLANT, WHAT TERPENE PROFILE WOULD YOU HAVE AND WHY? If I was a plant I think I would be pretty dominant in myrcene and beta-caryophyllene. Definitely a little bit purple … I’m super chill for the most part and that’s generally what I go for. Something chill and purple.

EUGENE OG 2045 FRANKLIN BLVD, EUGENE, OR 10AM-9PM DAILY | EUGENEOG.COM | @EUGENEOG_OFFICIAL

MAR. 2022

IF YOU COULD CHANGE ONE THING ABOUT THE OREGON CANNABIS INDUSTRY, WHAT WOULD IT BE? I’d probably change the industry standard for how much budtenders get paid per hour. I definitely think that if there was more of a standard set, then there would be higher expectations. I think this industry can afford to pay budtenders more per hour. But because there is no standard, why would they?

INTERVIEW & PHOTO by AMANDA DAY @TERPODACTYL_MEDIA for OREGON LEAF

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SHOP REVIEW

TOKYOS

What’s in a name? Well, if you ask the owners of this store how they came up with the ever-curious one for this joint venture, you just might hear a tale about a snowboarding trip to Tokyo. You could also possibly hear that the Starfish portion of this memorable moniker may have been influenced by magic mushrooms.

LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

alking into Tokyo Starfish’s flagship store on Arizona St. in Bend, I am surprised to see recent renovations that opened up to their front room. Rather than entering a secondary door to access the dispensary, the whole room has been opened up to create one open floor plan. The ambiance is effortlessly ‘Bend,’ with a warm welcome from the staff and decor that makes you feel right at home. Houseplants and merchandise line the walls and hang next to cozy furniture – and it’s not the cheesy kind of merchandise that you often find at other stores, but the kind that you are actually stoked to wear because it’s such high quality. As Director of Marketing Jason Shurtz puts it, “Our vibe comes from everybody’s action sports background because everyone is in that industry in one way or another.” I move past the Puffco and Pax display, taking a look at Terple #1 the glass bongs, rigs and bowls before setting my eyes on what’s behind the glass counters. The Tokyo Starfish lineup features edibles from popular brands like Grön, Delta 9 and Tasty’s. The other side showcases a robust lineup of extracts and vape pens from fan favorites like Willamette Valley Alchemy, Evolvd and Highland Provisions.

Budtender Aaron Bernard helps a customer.

MAR. 2022

BEND

STARFISH PERHAPS THE MOST UNIQUE THING ABOUT THIS LOCATION IS THE UPSTAIRS BUD ‘N’ BREAKFAST.

What really catches my eye is As we walk upstairs to the Bud ‘n’ the wall behind the counter filled Breakfast, Shurtz tells me about the with jars of fresh bud. I see the brightly colored mural decorating trichomes bursting from where I the hallway. A true nod to the culture stand and have to get a closer surrounding both Bend and the Tokyo TOKYO STARFISH look. Budtender Aaron Bernard team, it was painted by professional 542 NW ARIZONA AVE. BEND, OR says his favorite is Strawberry Guasnowboarder and artist, Jamie Lynn. TOKYOSTARFISH.COM va. Grown by Tokyo Starfish, this Lynn needed a place to crash for the @TOKYOSTARFISHOFFICIAL myrcene-rich hybrid comes in at a night and they offered up their unique MON-SAT 8AM-9:45PM | SUN 9AM-8PM whopping 29.9% THC. accommodations in exchange for a (541) 797-2110 When asked what sets their bit of his artwork. Instead of crashing, dispensary apart from the rest, Bernard points to the wall Lynn stayed up all night and painted the entire space of weed and replies, “Having this visually, as opposed to before taking off on his next quest for fresh powder. pre-packed weed. This gives you an opportunity to conThe pet-friendly BnB is perfectly situated above the disverse and educate people on the products.” pensary, with an outdoor balcony facing the Podski – a lo“We’ve won best dispensary the last two years, so cal’s favorite for food carts and good beer. The apartment obviously we’re doing something right,” adds Shurtz. “We was built in the 1900s and has a rich history. It’s rumored just try to be humble and nice and put our customers to have been a saloon, a brothel and even a biker hangand staff first. We have high standards for our product out at one point. It features two rooms and a loft – the selection and at the same time, have price points that are perfect place for lighting up and watching movies. for everybody.” Did I mention that the Bud ‘n’ Breakfast is not only Perhaps the most unique thing about this location (they 420-friendly (and comes with a $20 Tokyo Starfish gift have three in Bend) is the upstairs Bud ‘n’ Breakfast. The card), but there’s a Cannabis minibar in the living room Tokyo owners manage the rental – the first and only of its filled with dabs, pre-rolls, flower, edibles and tinctures? kind in Bend. And unlike most minibars, it’s completely free. REVIEW by HOLLY CRAWFORD for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by TYLER CAMERON @TERPCAM

PRETTY SCAN ME

POWERFUL #FORTHECULTURE WWW.HIGHERCULTURES.COM Do not operate a vehicle or machinery while using this product. For use by adults 21 years of age or older. Keep out of reach of children.

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THE CULTURE grow ISSUE tour

FOREST GROVE, OR

MAR. 2022 mar.

cold frame

>> farms STORY & PHOTOS by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA for OREGON LEAF

Forty-five minutes west of Portland stands Cold Frame Farms – an 11,900-square-foot industrial building that was specifically constructed to grow weed, but happens to house some of Oregon’s finest indoor Cannabis.

grow tour

cold frame farms

Continued from previous page

H LEAFMAGAZINES.COM

arvesting roughly 120 pounds every two weeks, Cold Frame Farms produces some of the most soughtafter flower that keeps dispensaries in the Pacific Northwest lining up in hopes of putting some on their top shelves. Owner Ryan Lundahl stressed that the farm’s major success is bestowed on Chief of Staff and award-winning cultivator, Lee Smith – a 15-year industry veteran whom Ryan refers to as the Willy Wonka of Cannabis. Lee’s devotion to keeping a well-oiled operation was palpable as he walked me through the spotless establishment. “I hang my hat on cleanliness, organization, and quality,” said Smith. Lee also showed off some rows of beautiful Peanut Butter Breath plants, the atypical 50/50 hybrid strain made up of Do-Si-Dos and Mendo Breath, which is one of the farm’s most popular strains. Cold Frame is completely set up with everything it needs to grow Cannabis, from germination to flowering. “That’s the fun thing about where we are at – we have all stages of the

MAR. 2022

growing style at all times, with the rooms rotating every two weeks,” explained Smith. Making our way from the receiving bay to the drying room, everything was unbelievably clean and well organized, proving it nearly impossible for any sort of contamination and an optimal growing environment for anything with roots attached. “Every single plant gets hand watered. I want to make sure we have eyes on all of our plants and give them the attention that they deserve,” Lee explained. “This is not about the money, it’s about what we are creating as a team.” I asked if Ryan could dive deeper into their particular water routine, aiming to reveal the method to their madness. “We have water stations with 55-gallon drums that we fill up every morning, so it’s not like we are doing sophisticated drip systems, but there is truly no other good way to maintain plant health unless you see each one of them every single day,” he said. “Also, a plus to it is that we are never caught off guard – if one happens to act up, we can doctor it accordingly and quickly because each one gets undivided attention. That is what

Pink Runtz

Peanut Butter Breath

I think makes our flower spoke passionately about “Every single plant gets really unique, because we how providing a safe and hand watered. I want to fertigate based on what the comfortable space for his plant needs, not based on team to trim has resulted make sure we have eyes how many emitters are in the in not only an increase on all of our plants and room or the soak schedule.” in productivity, but also give them the attention After hearing the details almost zero staff turnover and seeing the fluffy buds, I (and those who leave, they deserve.” understood that as tedious usually come back). “Yes Lee Smith, Chief of Staff as it may seem to hand water we care about how much & award-winning cultivator every plant, the incredible production we get per results are just the everyday standard kept by square foot, but even more than that we care Cold Frame Farms. about our staff and who puts their sweat into The two enthused about having a fantasthis place. This is such an eclectic group of tic team that works cohesively in keeping great individuals and we wanted to make sure the farm running to near perfect execution. that we supplied an area that was comfortI ended up in the trimming room and was able and spacious, especially because of promptly greeted with many smiling faces COVID. I take pride in knowing that they like that were genuinely happy to be there. Ryan being here and I want them to feel appreci-

ated because without them, there is no Cold Frame,” said Ryan. I looked forward to getting home and sampling their Sugarcane, Peanut Butter Breath and Pink Runtz … and when I did, each exotic hybrid proved worth the hype and provided an incredible high. With a business built around what they call “conscious cultivation,” the results from Cold Frame Farms speak for themselves – you can not only smell the delicious new strains being grown here, you can practically taste the deliberate care this farm has for its Cannabis. LEARN MORE AT COLDFRAMEFARMS.COM

STORY & PHOTOS by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA for OREGON LEAF

Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. For use only by adults 21 years of age and older. Keep out of the reach of children.

NE W! nd a M Lim n i ar

Shine bright.

e or v a Fl

breeder spotlight

@KADOKAPTAIN | @SUNLEAFSEED.PORTLAND

BEAR & BOLŌ

AS THE GENETICS ARM OF KADŌ, Bear & Bolō hunts boutique phenotypes in order to offer delicious new crosses out of their tissue culture lab on the Oregon market. The Leaf caught up with Kadō, who runs the operation with his partner, Sunleaf, to learn more about their process and the state of the Cannabis breeding community.

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HOW DID YOU FIND YOUR WAY INTO THE CANNABIS COMMUNITY? It’s a really long

and crazy story that spans 15 years, three countries and a few states. For me, it was the beginning of Cali shops opening all over LA and SD. I was living in Central America (circa 2007) and a few guys came down on surf trips with pop tops with the strain name and THC percentages. I had a couple of things going, so I knew at that moment it would become what it is today: a full-fledged industry with infinite potential for growth. So, I came back to the U.S. looking for a way in and Oregon just happened to be the best fit.

and slid me some male pollen from the Unleaded (Icc x SourD/ Nigerian IBL) line he has been working on. I dusted some of the elite selections I made over the years, which made the Bear & Bolō line. The collab was a hit, so it was a nobrainer that I had to bring him out to be part of the team. This naturally transitioned into Bear & Bolō, our genetics division.

WHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR IN A PHENO?

It just depends on what we’re trying to accomplish. We have different criteria for each project: some for production (yield), some for flavor (terps), some for hash (resin production). Depending WHAT INSPIRED YOU TO BECOME A BEAR & BOLŌ on these goals, we will predict CANNABIS BREEDER? When we first BLACKTOP how many seeds need to be started Kadō, we invested a lot of time UNLEADED grown and selected before we and money pheno hunting through WHITE PAPAYA decide to move forward with various seed companies. Sure, we found DOUGH-LATO the line. The idea is to find some keepers and made some great and select the true outliers, selections, but in today’s market, that’s congruent with our said goals. If we are on the just not enough. Then I linked up with Sunleaf right track, then we move those traits forward. on the mat. He had been rocking the expo circuit for a few years with his brand, Sunleaf WHAT MAKES A LEGENDARY STRAIN? Seed Co., working heirlooms, lLandraces and I would probably say time, region and public crossing them to modern strains. We both opinion. Cannabis is as subjective as music, are Bjj guys so we hit it off immediately. He wine, food, etc. People make legends. suggested I start making my own genetics

SIGNATURE STRAINS

MAR. 2022

Some of the old school guys would say Acapulco Gold or Maui Wowie, and none of the young peeps would buy it and vice versa. But sooner or later, Gelato, Runtz, etc … will be old school and legendary. I’m sure everybody has their own legendary strain. For me it would be Sour Diesel, Northern Lights #5, and Master Kush to name a few.

WHAT DO YOU THINK THE FUTURE HOLDS FOR CANNABIS GENETICS? See any changes or new trends on the horizon? With more states and home growers coming on board, we see more convenience coming into the breeding market: autoflowers, feminized seed, sterile females (triploids) are going to become a thing in the near future. We believe the peak and premiere genetics will come from tissue culture labs like ours.

WHAT ARE YOU MOST EXCITED ABOUT RIGHT NOW IN THE CANNABIS BREEDING WORLD? To keep it 100%, I’m super pumped

for what Kadō/Bear & Bolō have been working on for the market. Bear & Bolō will be providing the market with sterile, highly distinguished genetics. Cali has been dominating the genetic game for a hot minute and Bear & Bolō is frothing to get our flavors to the rec market.

INTERVIEW by TOM BOWERS @CANNABOMBTOM | PHOTOS by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA for OREGON LEAF

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PATIENT of the month

Chicago Chad CANNABIS FOR A BETTER LIFE

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With a passion for plants dating back to his teenage years, Chad’s medicinal appreciation for Cannabis comes with an edge of advocacy – not to mention a deep gratitude for those that fought for the existence of the Oregon Medical Marijuana Program, the initiative that inspired this Chicago native and his significant other to make the lifesaving move to the PNW. HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN USING MEDICAL CANNABIS AND WHAT BENEFITS DO YOU RECEIVE? Perhaps around 14 years old I began not only using, but advocating for patient rights and Cannabis reform. I participated in rallies and marches with organizations like NORML. I grew up in the Chicago area and even in a progressive city, we fought opposition daily. I was a convicted felon at 18 for Cannabis, and continued in the revolving door of the Illinois judicial system until I moved away. Medically I have always suffered from chronic stomach issues related to ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease – after decades of medical advice and prescribed therapy, it has been Cannabis that continues to provide me the most relief. After living in what were black market states for our entire lives, we finally decided a move to Oregon for better access to Cannabis was our best option. Aside from my own challenges, I am also a caregiver for my significant other

MAR. 2022

“after decades of medical advice and prescribed therapy, it has been Cannabis that continues to provide me the most relief.”

who suffers from epilepsy. For her health, Cannabis is even more vital. Moving to a new state without a single friend or contact was challenging, but we could not be happier – mentally and physically. We could not be more thankful for the OMMP program and those that fought for it … I hope that in our time here, I can contribute as much as those before me. I HEARD THAT YOU’RE AN ORCHARDIST? My true passion is cultivating and understanding the diversity of orchids. I have spent over 12 years growing micro-miniature orchid species in customized enclosures. One of my proudest accomplishments was getting published in an Australian journal, winning the show trophy award from Orchid Digest, and receiving the highest cultural award ever given for a particular species. DO YOU FEEL THAT DEDICATING YOUR LIFE TO GROWING ORCHIDS HAS HELPED YOU ALONG THE WAY? During my youth, while I struggled the most, I attribute my dedication to change being drawn from my passion for plants. My lifelong commitment to orchids, Cannabis – having true passions – has guided me through some of the most difficult times in life. WHAT’S YOUR FAVORITE WAY TO CONSUME CANNABIS? In terms of consumption methods, I will always smoke flower – but we dab the majority of the time. I find the most relief in single-source extracts. We regularly use tinctures made at home or purchased from organic producers. We consider ourselves educated consumers, and rather particular on what we consider medicine. I am also a strong advocate of owner/operators and would always prefer a smallbatch, hand-crafted product. STORY by DAVE MCDOWELL for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by RYAN SANATEL

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F�N� U� A� Americana RX - Portland Exclusive Tastes - Portland Potland - Portland Top Crop - Corvallis, Eugene, Ontario Treasure Valley Cannabis Company - Ontario Weed Again - Eugene, Oakridge, Salem 1) Fairgrounds Rd 2) Mission St. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. For use only by adults twenty-one years of age and older. Keep out of reach of children.

highly likely

MERLE HAGGARD COUNTRY MUSIC STAR

Highly Likely highlights Cannabis pioneers who have paved the way to greater herbal acceptance.

WHEN MERLE HAGGARD passed away in 2016, music fans around the globe said farewell to one of the most genuine artists to ever walk the earth. Haggard was what they call a ‘straight shooter’ – someone that would give their opinion without thought of consequence. And, at times, those consequences were great. He was incarcerated in and escaped from a juvenile detention center by age 14 to ride the rails, only to be caught again and sent back to detention. By the time he was an adult, he was jailed again for robbery and sent to the infamous San Quentin Prison – where he was present for Johnny Cash’s legendary 1958 performance there.

AF ARCHIVE/ ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

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nspired by the Cash Haggard was in no way right wing. performance, when he was Later in the ‘70s he declared, “I released from San Quentin have more culture now. I was dumb in 1960, Haggard set out on as a rock when I wrote ‘Okie From his own to make it in the world of Muskogee.’ That's being honest with country music. He, along with others you at the moment, and a lot of like Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash things that I said [then] I sing with a and Waylon Jennings, would go different intention now. My views on on to be the progenitors of what is marijuana have totally changed.” now known as ‘outlaw country’ – a Perhaps this change of heart is country sound that thumbs its nose what prompted the 2015 Cannabis at the clean-living social mores that anthem that Haggard co-wrote dominate the country music scene in and performed with Willie Nelson. Nashville to this day. The song “It’s All And that’s why Going To Pot” is an Haggard’s biggest hit is anthem that takes such a head-scratcher. jabs at big pharma, “I’m an Okie From big alcohol and the Muskogee” begins with waning conservative the lyrics, “We don't views surrounding the smoke marijuana in legalization debate Muskogee; We don't in the United States. take no trips on LSD.” In the video, Haggard Haggard's 31st album, The song became and Nelson can be seen Back To The Barrooms. a runaway hit for sharing a joint. Haggard in the mainly conservative Haggard, ever the straightcountry music scene because it shooter, never backed down was seen, not as satire, but as from his stance on the benefits of an embodiment of a call for the Cannabis. "I think it's silly to put return to conservative values in the someone in jail for [marijuana counterculture-heavy late 1960s. possession],” he told the Bakersfield Over the years, Haggard gave Californian in 2010. varying accounts of the song’s “I think it's a threat to the message and meaning: In the pharmaceutical industry that you conservative country scene he was can go to the garden to grow seen as a right-wing hero, however, something that might keep you from time would demonstrate that having to use Lipitor."

THE SONG “IT’S ALL GOING TO POT” IS AN ANTHEM THAT TAKES JABS AT BIG PHARMA, BIG ALCOHOL AND THE WANING CONSERVATIVE VIEWS SURROUNDING THE LEGALIZATION DEBATE IN THE UNITED STATES. MAR. 2022

STORY by PACER STACKTRAIN for LEAF NATION

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For use only by adults 21 and older. Keep out of reach of children. Do not drive a motor vehicle while under the influence of marijuana.

EXPERT OPINION

HEMP INDUSTRY

SLIPSTREAMING HEMP INTO YOUR DIET

PLANT-BASED FOODS are the rage today. From grocery stores to fast food restaurants, Americans are embracing non-meat meals. The success of Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods is proof positive that people are rethinking what they eat. This is by no means limited to existing vegans or vegetarians. The dairy and meat industries are nervous about the redefinition of “milk” and “meat.” Some want to reserve those terms exclusively for animal products, but plant-based milks are a given in coffeehouses large and small. Heck, most offer two or more alternatives to cow milk.

PHOTO BY ADOBE

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I’M

a big advocate for hemp as a food, however, I’m not advocating throwing out everything in your refrigerator and pantry and starting all over again. That would be foolish, as well as expensive. But how can you start shifting your shopping and eating? Think slipstreaming.

MAR. 2022

Jerry Whiting

for bread that has hemp in it for a new take on your morning toast or tuna sandwich. No big shift – just a lateral move to hemp foods. Dehulled hemp seeds, also called hemp hearts, are protein-rich, glutenfree and a healthy source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Most of the hemp hearts sold in this country are from Manitoba Harvest, with some sold under their label and others repackaged by other companies. Hint: Flip the package over to see where it’s grown. Canada? Probably Manitoba Harvest. Hemp hearts are one of the easiest ways to slipstream hemp into your family’s diet. Not only are they nutritious, they don’t have a distinct flavor of their own. Sprinkle a spoonful in your oatmeal or breakfast cereal. Baking cookies or edibles (infused or otherwise)? Toss in a quarter cup. Hemp hearts can be a salad topping just like croutons. Recipe call for breadcrumbs or panko? Add hemp hearts to either one. Bored with your favorite yogurt? Add hemp hearts for a change. Should you do all of the above right now? No. Take your time. Change at your own speed. And don’t be afraid to reject what you don’t like … eating is supposed to be one of life’s little pleasures. Is a carton of hemp milk or a bag of hemp hearts more than your budget or sense of adventure will allow? Split it with someone else who wants to experiment. Seek out friends and relatives who are already eating hemp and ask for suggestions. If you find a product you like, look at the company’s website for related products, recipes and other resources. Share your feedback with them. Ask questions. Follow them on social media. Once you’re well-versed, share your information and your food with those around you. Eating can be a social event and you shouldn’t keep new discoveries to yourself. Put it on your table…

THE NEXT TIME YOU GO SHOPPING, NOTICE THE NUMBER OF HEMP PRODUCTS YOU FIND ON THE SHELF.

Take hemp milk for example. It is not, I repeat not, a one for one replacement for cow milk. It doesn’t taste the same, nor should it. Dip your toe in the water by ordering a hemp milk latte the next time you order coffee. Better yet, order a half hemp/half cow milk coffee drink. Added bonus: hemp milk is almost always organic, unlike dairy products. The next time you go shopping, notice the number of hemp products you find on the shelf. Most stores intermingle hemp foods with what they already sell. Take breakfast cereal and bread: Most of us buy one or both during our regular shopping forays. Some cereals, especially granola, have hemp as an ingredient. Also look

EXCLUSIVE COLUMN by JERRY WHITING for LEAF NATION // LeBlancCNE.com/podcast

Extracts

BADDER

$12 or lesS

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sauce

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STRAIN OF THE MONTH

GUMMIEZ CULTIVATED by SIREN

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S I R E N C A N N A .C O M @SIRENCANNA 24. 04% T H C 0. 07% C B D

“TEARING INTO THE BUDS RELEASES COOLING GELATO NOTES, PANNA COTTA AND TOASTED SUGAR.” MAR. 2022

Candy and dessert profiles are nothing new in the Cannabis world, as sweetly-scented plants did a lot of heavy lifting during the clandestine closet grow days. The smell didn’t blow up the neighborhood but when it finished, it possessed all of the complex aromas we looked for in high-grade Cannabis … even if they were a bit subtle. Gummiez, bred by Compound Genetics and cultivated by Siren, takes the candy character we’ve grown to love and cranks it up to an 11. If the herb of the late ‘90s was a subtle hint of grape and gas, Gummiez is like huffing a bag of Halloween candy. Compound Genetics is known for staying ahead of trends with exceptional selections and when they introduced their reversed Jet Fuel Gelato pollen donor to a Peach Ringz mom, the resulting Gummiez was born. It is everything a sweets lover could ask for, with the Jet Fuel rounding out the sharp citrus from the Peach Ringz, keeping all of the sweet and tart top notes but offering up a more grapeforward profile. Big grape candy aromas are present the moment the jar is cracked. If we count purple as a flavor, this is what it smells like: artificial grape drink mix, chalky Pez candy and a slightly medicinal but pleasing, sweetly herbal scent. Tearing into the buds releases cooling Gelato notes, panna cotta and toasted sugar. Twisting a gram through a grinder accentuates the aforementioned with an additional savory note of pressed hash and fennel pollen. Relatively sticky, breaking the flower down by hand separates meaty calyxes from dense buds. Dark green and studded with milky trichomes, tearing into the flower reveals interior pops of violet and little stem to set aside. The joint burns like a dream with smooth hits that carry a hint of the purple flavor on inhale. The effect is heavy-headed and spacey … take note of where you parked the car. Working with head grower Bob Conley, owners Matt and Megan have proven they can coax these off-thechart highs out of subtle and sweet cultivars. Whether it’s the alluring song or a face-melting profile, they chose their farm name well. Trust us, if you hear the Siren, heed the call.

REVIEW by RYAN HERRON @THELOUD100 for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA

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THE STRAINS ISSUE

A BREEDING GLOSSARY

STRAINS 101 Making new strains in the world today takes everything you’ve got … or at least some good genetics and a proper understanding of the breeding terms and techniques for expanding and improving the Cannabis gene pool.

AUTO-FLOWERING

INDICA

A plant that flowers automatically when it reaches a certain size regardless of photoperiod. Breeders created these types of strains using Cannabis Ruderalis genetics from higher altitudes with short flowering seasons.

Indica-dominant plants grow short and stocky with wide leaves and shorter flowering times.

LANDRACE

Domesticated plants that have adapted to the conditions of their place of origin over many generations. These are used by breeders to create new hybrids by crossing them with distinctly different varieties (e.g., African sativa landrace x Indian indica landrace).

BACKCROSSING

This is a breeding practice in which hybrids are crossed with one of their parents in order to try to stabilize chosen traits to discover a unique genotype.

MOTHERPLANT

BREEDING

A female plant kept in the vegetative stage to produce identical clones (or cuttings) to root and flower out. A motherplant can be a source of clones for many years.

Applying pollen from male plants onto female flowers to produce seeds. This is done around the third or fourth week of flowering in order to give the seeds enough time to mature properly.

PHENOTYPE

A plant’s observable expression of its genetic material within its environment.

DIOECIOUS

Any plant with different and separate male and female specimens. Cannabis is a dioecious plant.

POLLEN

Fine grains released by male flowers to pollinate female flowers and produce seeds. Male pollen is carefully collected by breeders from flowering males and then brushed or dusted onto flowering females.

FEMINIZED

A type of seed that grows only female plants. Breeders use “male” pollen from hermaphroditic plants to produce feminized seeds for growers that don’t want to grow out any males.

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GENOTYPE

The stored genetic footprint held within a plant’s DNA.

HERMAPHRODITE

A plant with both male and female flowers. This can be a genetic trait or a response to stress. Either way, growers should discard hermaphroditic plants to avoid seeding their crops.

HYBRID

A combination of two genetically distinct varieties e.g., Sativa x Indica F1 Hybrid - The first filial cross. F2 Hybrid, etc. - Each successive cross. S1 Hybrid - The result of selfing (using pollen from a hermaphroditic plant on itself).

MAR. 2022

POLY HYBRID

The genetic result of crossing unstabilized hybrids with each other. The resulting plants can differ vastly in their characteristics.

SATIVA

Sativa-dominant plants tend to have thin long leaves and a longer flowering time.

SINSEMILLA

“Without seeds” in Spanish. These are the unpollinated female flowers we call buds or nuggets that don’t contain any seeds.

VIGOR

Some hybrids created from distinctly genetically different parents express quicker growth and increased hardiness and yields in their first generation (F1). This hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis, is how new varieties are created and discovered.

STORY by DAN VINKOVETSKY @DANNYDANKOHT/LEAF NATION P H O T O B Y E R I K C H R I ST I A N S E N @ E R I K . N U G S H O T S

“I honestly never focus on THC at all. I focus on the terps and the experience the plant could potentially produce.”

same year he did his first cross: a pairing of Fort Collins Cough with a Chemdog DD male (Chemdog x Sour Diesel IBL). While he felt like his pedigree was strong out the gate thanks to the people that helped him out in the first place, he did have to teach himself to be more selective in the breeding process. But he’d already been to Amsterdam Eventually, he realized less is more. years earlier in 2004 to link up with some “I was lucky to have access to the best friends he’d traded music with online, cuts from the get-go,” Lynch said. “Back where his friend Akko gave him a place then it was kind of more about who you to crash and an introduction to Holland. knew.” Many days Lynch would find himself at In the coming years, Lynch made the Amnesia – one of Ammove south to take Compound Genetics sterdam’s most famed to the next level, teaming up with Node coffeeshops and Labs and bringing in some folks to help on known for good Haze the business side, so he could focus on his – where he talked quest to keep finding the heat! And these to travellers from days – after bouncing around the cultivaaround the world as tion circles of Oregon to having people he enjoyed strains lined up for his latest creation down the like Lavender, MK block outside of Cookies – the trajectory Ultra, Cheese and remains solidly upward. the sorely-missed “It’s wild, wild,” Lynch said with a laugh. Nothern Lights Specifically on Cookies, he noted Bern#5 x Haze. er’s support was huge in helping to take Lynch notes Compound to the level it’s hit over the those cofpandemic. feeshops were Lynch went on to speak of his selection his first insight process these days, as the market contininto how professional weed ues to evolve. While many are very focused could be. The people running those shops on THC percentages, he’ll hear none of it. seemed like legitimate business people to “I honestly never focus on THC at all,” him. Eventually, he’d travel back to OreLynch said in his firmest reply of the chat. “I gon only further bit by the bug. focus on the terps and experience the plant The following years featured a could potentially produce. I’m worried significant step up in his collection about total potency – THC is important, of high-end genetics. He acquired a COMPOUND-GENETICS.COM but there is so much more going on in solid OG in 2007, which was also the @COMPOUND_GENETICS the terps.”

CHRIS LYNCH | COMPOUND GENETICS In recent Cannabis times, few breeders have captured the imagination of the community like Compound Genetics’ founder Chris Lynch.

STORY by JIMI DEVINE @THEJIMIDEVINE for LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by MICHAEL ROSATI @ROSATIPHOTOS

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Time after time since 2017, when discussing where the best Cannabis on the planet got its start, Compound Genetics would be a name synonymous with those conversations. But behind all the hype cuts and ‘next big thing’ is a guy who loves Cannabis. Lynch has spent much of the decades prior chasing down the world’s finest Cannabis flavors. Like many, his dealer taught him to grow – first dialing in his cultivation skills in Oregon at a house his dealer bought and built out. As the scene matured into dispensaries and warehouses in the early 2010s, Lynch was along for the ride. The warehouses of Portland were also the first places Lynch came to understand what exclusivity in Cannabis meant when chasing top dollar. “It was the power of genetics,” Lynch told Leaf Mag during our interview at his San Francisco basecamp. A lot of the cuts he was working with were the classics of the moment sourced from Humboldt County, Calif. – including Headband, a solid OG pheno he worked, plus some Afgooey and Super Skunk cuts in the mix, too.

THE STRAINS ISSUE

FIVE YEARS AGO, Runts was still just a candy spelled with an “s” – until Ray Bama and his partners sprouted an epiphany that sparked the kind of hype marketing managers only dream of. And from that time on, Bama’s partners Yung LB and Nick would be called the Runtz Crew. Leaf Nation’s Tom Bowers connected with Bama about the birth of the phenomenon that is Runtz, his thoughts on the future, and his word on what it takes to succeed in the strain game.

LET’S GET RIGHT TO IT. TELL ME THE RUNTZ SUPERHERO ORIGIN STORY. My partner, Nick, he’s the head grower. Pre 2017, our claim to fame was having indoor Zkittlez. At that point, people didn’t have indoor Zkittlez – it was a unicorn. Everyone was looking for what was next. Having packs of it was unheard of … Nick asked me, ‘What should I cross it with?’ Gelato was the biggest thing at that time, Young Dolph had just dropped the album called Gelato … I was like, ‘Let’s cross the Gelato with the indoor Zkittlez.’ Nick dropped two phenos, it was a #7 and a #3. We had them in the car and we were like, ‘This is the thing.’ It was like a 15-minute drive and by the end, we had Runtz with a ‘z.’ Emerald Cup was coming up and we had three pounds of it. Me and LB stayed up all night trimming three pounds before the Cup. Berner was there at the booth, looking at us like, ‘What are you guys doing? You have all these people at the booth!’ We showed up with five girls, the Runtz and 1,000 t-shirts. Literally, that shit sold so fast – everyone at the Cup was like, ‘You’ve got something going.’

“To make a legendary strain, it has to be something new.”

WHAT MAKES A LEGENDARY STRAIN OR PHENOTYPE? WHERE DOES THE MAGIC COME FROM? It has to be something new, right? First and foremost. You gotta go back to pre-Runtz, you know? Pre-Runtz, there weren’t that many strains – now there are a million. To make a legendary strain, it has to be something new. You have to have innovation. You have to dial it in. You have to check all the boxes. It’s gotta have flavor, the power. It has to be different, man – some type of characteristic that makes it different. Gelato is like hazelnut gas, you know what I mean? I feel like Runtz took it to a whole ‘nother level of candy – now you have people who go only for that candy, you know? At the end of the day, we’re probably looking at another five to 10 years of the market being dominated by Runtz and Runtz crosses, Runtz sisters and stepchildren.

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WHAT PROJECTS ARE YOU WORKING ON NOW THAT HAVE YOU THE MOST EXCITED? We’re doing collabs with clothing lines, record labels, artists – anything you can think of, really. We’re doing a collab with a comedian. We’re doing tastings with chefs. We have a breeding project with Seed Junky Genetics. We took the original Runtz and crossed it with some of the favorites of his line, like the Jealousy … He was like, ‘Hey, give me some cuts,” and he’s going to pollinate. His genetics library is crazy. We have a collab coming with Doja … we’re doing a breeding project as well with that. We’ll definitely have some merch and some media behind it as well.

RUNTZ.COM | @RUNTZ

RAY BAMA

RUNTZ MAR. 2022

DO YOU HAVE ANY PREDICTIONS FOR WHERE THE STRAIN MARKET MIGHT GO? I think we’re going to get a whole lot more Zkittlez crosses right now. I think that OGs are going to come back and we’re going to see a lot more green weed coming back. I think the market’s going back to a place where the end user is less trusting, so they’re going to want to see these breeding projects and how they do shit. I think that having real genetics and crosses is going to be important, rather than just ‘throw my name on the bag’ type of stuff. WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO SUCCEED IN THE STRAIN GAME? Everyone tries to copy what the next person does. To a certain extent, you can – but you have to be unique. You have to see what you can do to shake the industry. … With Runtz, we brought the power back to our group of people. We gave everyone the strain. … Build on that and continue to innovate and create … do new things with it.

STORY by TOM BOWERS @CANNABOMBTOM/LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by MIKE ROSATI @ROSATIPHOTOS

GENETICS

In an industry dominated almost entirely by men, MzJill stands out as a Cannabis breeder with integrity, longevity and some of the tastiest, unique and potent strains on Earth.

J I L LY B E A N B L A C K C H E R RY

PHOTO BY @NATIVE_CULTIVATOR

“MzJill’s work with TGA created some iconic Cannabis strains such as Agent Orange, Brian Berry Cough, Orange Velvet, Ace of Spades and her flagship – the multiple awardwinning, Jilly Bean.” She’s working on bringing back some of the original classic TGA strains such as Vortex, Dairy Queen, Chernobyl and Time Wreck. She’s also particularly excited about her new line of stabilized Jilly Bean crosses including Cherry, Orange, Lime and Grape flavors. MZJILL.COM @MZJILL420

STORY by DAN VINKOVETSKY @DANNYDANKOHT/LEAF NATION

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methods – building her own bubble buckets because she didn’t want to dispose of conspicuous bags of soil. Eventually, her medicinal needs and those of her patients drew MzJill to MzJill’s journey, like many pioneers breeding original strains and along of pot, began as a medical patient. with her partner, the late Subcool, She was born with scoliosis and only MzJill co-founded TGA (Team Green found real relief when she Avenger) in 2003. finally discovered CannaAlong with providing an bis. But that didn’t solve immense amount of free all of the problems for a cultivation information single mother of three young via online forums such as daughters during the throes overgrow.com, MzJill’s of pot prohibition, so she work with TGA created decided to homeschool her some iconic Cannabis kids and start growing her strains such as Agent Orown to avoid extra scrutiny ange, Brian Berry Cough, from buying medicine in the J I L LY B E A N Orange Velvet, Ace of @DIS_GREENROOM underground market. Spades and her flagship – She set up a discreetly the multiple award-winning, Jilly Bean. camouflaged, free-standing room in TGA became one of the first Amerithe garage and employed hydroponic can seed companies to provide beans

JOKER’S WILD

PHOTO BY @SHE_WHISPERS_TO_PLANTS

MZJILL

for purchase online and MzJill was certainly the first female from the U.S. openly breeding strains available in the marketplace. I inducted them into the High Times Seed Bank Hall of Fame and chose Jilly Bean as one of the Top 10 Strains of 2007. Together with Sub and the rest of the TGA team, they worked to breed potent and flavorful new varieties until a devastating fire destroyed everything they owned in 2017. MzJill decided to move on—parting ways with Subcool, starting up her own company (MzJill Genetics) and retaining the rights to use the TGA name and many of the strains she had helped to develop. “Thankfully, we had shared many of our mother plants with friends and I was able to recover the genetics,” she said. “CSI Humboldt was very helpful with strains such as Purple Urkle, which was a parent of our Querkle strain and now my Jilly Bean Grape as well.” MzJill also founded the charity MzJill’s People Helping People. Their work includes organizing holiday food, clothing and toy drives across Oregon and Northern California, fundraising for Veterans and children with disabilities, and empowering women in the Cannabis ecosystem. Even after decades of growing and breeding, MzJill still finds joy in cultivation and strain creation. Her advice to new growers? “Plant some seeds, keep everything clean and healthy to avoid pests. Mixing up a good soil is better than using bottled nutrients.” As for breeding, she emphasizes that it’s not just about crossing two elite strains. “Learn to grow well first. So many people have a room go hermaphroditic and suddenly, they’re a seed company. Make sure that you grow out and test your seeds before you release them. Take notes and keep track of everything.” As the owner and head breeder of MzJill Genetics, MzJill feels her journey is only just beginning.

THE STRAINS ISSUE

MARIO GUZMAN S HERBIN S K IS WHAT LED TO YOUR RECENT REALIZATION AROUND THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF THE CLASSIC ‘SKUNK’ PROFILE? I think being a dreamer and kind of a visionary, I bumped into some SoCal surf brothers who are also visionaries and we had dinner out one night and … we just formed a friendship. I liked what they were doing in terms of studying terpenes, but they were also investing heavily with their own money into licensed facilities – specifically to research terpene profiles and different cannabinoids. With federal laws prohibiting funding and creating a lot of barriers for research, it’s people like Max, Kevin and Jack that had the vision to put their money where their mouth is and know that there’s magic inside. They wanted to be part of the first ones to discover that and so did I.

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Mario Guzman is the legendary breeder behind some of the industry’s most groundbreaking strains, including the game-changing Sunset Sherbert, plus Gelato and its signature variants Bacio, Mochi and Acai Berry Gelato. We caught up with the man behind the Sherbinskis brand to learn more about his longtime passion for the plant.

HOW AND WHEN DID YOU GET INTO THE CANNABIS GAME? I was living in San Francisco in the early 2000s and SB420 was introduced in 2004 – it created a legal framework for guys like me to start growing in their garages. AT WHAT POINT DID YOUR FOCUS SHIFT TO BREEDING AND GENETICS? It kind of went hand in hand. From the very beginning I was playing with pollen and had been popping seeds, and I didn’t know anything about it really. I just learned quickly through trial and error. I never considered myself, or, even now really … the

MAR. 2022

WHAT ARE YOU MOST EXCITED ABOUT FOR THE Sherbinski’s FUTURE? I’ve been worksignature ing for the last four years strains include just learning. I haven’t been WHAT’S THE MOST DIFFICULT out trying to make money Pink Panties, PART OF CREATING A NEW in seeds or clones or anySunset Sherbert STRAIN? I would say time. It thing. I’m just learning from and the Gelato line takes a lot of time and patience. people in Spain and different Nothing happens fast in this countries, and breeders and - Bacio, Mochi, game. From popping the seed to just people that get down and Acaiberry and Gello. letting that grow out, to cutting make seeds. We’ve got about the clone to flowering out that 100 moms of different geplant … drying it, trying it, netics that I’ve already tested sharing it, getting feedback … The people I’m two or three times. I’m confident that I’ve put in partnering with and seeking out are just looking to the work and I know what’s what, and I’m excited get back to the quality. It’s not about the biggest about starting to share some of the work I know buds or the biggest yields – it’s more about the I can stand behind that’s a lot more diverse than different medicinal effects of these different genetics what we’re seeing out there in the market. and opening up that gene pool a little more, rathSHERBINKIS.COM er than some of the narrow offerings that we’re @SHERBINSKI415 seeing. term breeder … I just learned to accept it. I just enjoy working with plants and experimenting.

STORY by NATE WILLIAMS @NATEW415/LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by @VISITHOLLYWEED

DUKE DIAMOND Duke’s advice to new growers is to first dial in your environment – and go low and slow with the nutrients.

Duke Diamond’s Cannabis career started early, when at around the age of 12, he decided to grow his own after the first time he blazed on a joint. Even in the dark days of prohibition in Virginia, he felt safer growing it than buying it. He tells me, “I thought my chances of getting popped would be lower from laying low and not associ-

ating with a bunch of people. I planted some seeds and, luckily, my older cousins caught me, took me under their wings and pointed me in the right direction.” “I ordered a bunch of seeds from Amsterdam, specifically Afghani, Skunk and Northern Lights x Skunk, and they performed so well. Real ass-stomping stuff! The Hash Plants were big, heavy yielders that finished up before the fall rains came in. It was all received very well and we felt we could compete with California or anywhere else. We started making hybrids, doing our farmer shit to speed up flowering time, boost yields and make the best selections. Potency was always most important.” Duke was active on the online Cannabis growing forums, sharing valuable information and helping many people learn to grow and breed

DOMINION G

P U R P L E DA H L I A

SCREAMING EAGLE

SEEDSHERENOW.COM @THEREALDUKEDIAMOND

STORY by DAN VINKOVETSKY @DANNYDANKOHT/LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by DOMINION SEED COMPANY

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The South isn’t the first region people think of when talking about strains, yet many of the legendary varieties of the 1970s and ‘80s hailed from places like Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama and Virginia. To this day, tales of the Roadkill Skunk, Afghan, G-13 and Hash Plant strains light up the eyes of older tokers who swear it was the strongest they’ve ever smoked. A combination of proper climate, good genetics and outlaw gumption contributed to literally tons of marijuana growing in the hills each year.

their own. Eventually, in 2007, he was ratted on by an associate and busted by the DEA for growing, ultimately serving time in the Federal penitentiary. He ended up having to return to prison in 2019 over an unfortunate bust for possession of a firearm as a felon and was released in 2022 – now placing his focus on reviving Dominion Seed Company and releasing new genetics to the public. Varieties such as Figure Four, Screaming Eagle, Dominion Skunk, Skunkband, Burnout Chem, Sangria Punch, Polecat BX, Stashplant and more are now available for purchase. Duke’s advice to new growers is to first dial in your environment. Also, go low and slow with the nutrients. “When it comes to weed, everybody overdoes shit,” he says. “Don’t overwater. Even with organics – think of the microbes in your soil as your workers – they break the nutrients down into usable form, eating them and pooping them out. Focus on keeping them happy with proper moisture and temperature levels. Avoid using alfalfa and kelp after day 21 of flowering to keep your plants from tasting like grass clippings and burning improperly.” In addition to growing and breeding new strains, Duke has a few other projects in the works, including starting a podcast, putting out some YouTube videos to help growers learn organic cultivation and finishing writing his book – so you can look forward to consuming Duke’s work in more than just smokeable form.

THE STRAINS ISSUE leafmagazines.com

GOING ON A PHENO HUNT COMPOUND GENETICS’ CHRIS LYNCH, THE COMPANY’S SELF-PROCLAIMED CHIEF EXECUTIVE WIZARD, TAKES US THROUGH GROWING AND SELECTING FOR THE BEST CANNABIS TRAITS.

MAR. 2022

After a monster 2021 where Compound Genetics picked up more steam than arguably anybody in Cannabis, 2022 looks to be even crazier. Last December saw one of its biggest seed drops at The Emerald Cup with the Apples and Bananas line. It was also the premiere of the flowers they’d been working to get to market after years of development. The star of the show for the flower launch was Jokerz #31. With all the heat they’ve found over the years and dynamic varying flavor profiles, the White Runtz x Jet Fuel Gelato pairing reigned supreme. It was first hunted down at one of the grows Compound works with to do big propagations they don’t have room for in San Francisco. In the two years since the pheno hunt that found Jokerz #31, it has been tested and retested – always continuing to be wildly exotic Cannabis.

THE WORK currently going into 2022 started long before the calendar hit January. Compound Genetics’ Founder Chris Lynch noted he has a lot of strains that are doing well in the market right now and he’s planning to work those Jokerz, Pave, and Apples and Bananas lines even further. “[We’re] incorporating new tricks, new profiles,” Lynch told the Leaf. “And then having the collaboration with Berner will help get those out there. He sees strength in the building blocks we’re working with too.” These efforts will require large scale pheno hunts to find the best versions of whatever Lynch comes up with. But what is a pheno hunt? Not all plants are the same, and a pheno hunt is about finding the best expressions of the seeds from the particular pairing of genetics. First, Compound will pop the seeds at a larger partner facility. In the process, they’ll take cuttings so they’ll have whatever ends up winning at the end. The second round will feature all the ones that are still in the running. In some cases, that number could be a few … in other instances, it might be 80 plants from 10 strains. That will whittle the number down further and they’ll run them again to make sure the first two weren’t a mistake. Maybe a little bit under a year from when the first seeds were popped, just how commercially viable the end results are should be evident. Just like parents can have a child that can slam dunk and one that can’t walk straight, not all the seeds are going to be a home run. The ultimate hope is finding a true outlier of the plant’s expression. Most of the seeds in the pheno hunt will lean towards one of the parents, but in the middle where it’s harder to decipher the characteristics, you can find the real magic and flavors you’ve never seen before. Outliers have the most differentiation from the expressions of the parents people are most familiar with. Compound Genetics works with a few partners to try and hunt down that magic – to the extent that Lynch’s title is Chief Executive Wizard. As for what he’s looking for, Lynch noted advice he received from MAC breeder, Capulator: “He told me, ‘Just do what you think is going to be hot and just follow your taste. And if people like it, they like it. And if they don’t, they don’t.’” One plan for the breeding work of 2022 is to move away from Gelatos. It’s not that it isn’t timeless, Lynch just wants to offer consumers new flavor profiles. When asked if he was ever concerned about the way hype moves certain strains, and how it could lead to narrowing down the genome, Lynch agreed. “We need to open it up,” he said. Another change for 2022 and the Compound Genetics team is their exposure to a higher level of scrutiny. The seeds have been heat for years and many have had success with the line, but with the flower they’ll have access to a much larger consumer base. “Where we’re at, we’re trying to move methodically, strategically,” Lynch said.

JOKERZ 99 #2

Just like parents can have a child that can slam dunk and one that can’t walk straight, not all the seeds are going to be a home run. The ultimate hope is finding a true outlier of the plant’s expression.

“Make sure everything is tested thoroughly in multiple runs and checks all the boxes. I anticipate the scrutiny, it comes with the game … take it slow, as long as you stay true to your core values and the things that got you where you are … don’t forget those things.” With the new flower line dropping, we mentioned that Lynch might have to tell some of the A-list rappers he’s been collaborating with like Berner from Cookies, Wiz Khalifa, and Quavo from Migos that he’s keeping the new family jewels. Lynch laughed at the sentiment, but didn’t deny it. Lynch currently has a few major projects in the works, on top of three planned seed drops this year. The first is California’s Wine Country – where one of the farms Compound works with is hunting down new males to help Lynch freshen thing up. Solid studs are a critical part of any genetics company and plenty have been built off of one good male over the years. Lynch hopes to collect a few rockstars with the traits he’s wanting to carry on into future generations of heaters. Back in San Francisco, the pollen is flying right now. This includes some Zkittlez crosses sure to get the universe excited. Lynch also plans on tapping into the genetics he fell in love with during his adventures in Amsterdam. This effort will feature a variety of Cheese crosses to keep an eye out for. 2022 will also see the Compound show hit the road. While people are already growing Lynch’s gear in every legal market, the plan is to personally bring the Jokerz #31 into a few new states – the first two markets being Florida and Michigan. COMPOUND-GENETICS.COM @COMPOUND_GENETICS

STORY by JIMI DEVINE @THEJIMIDEVINE for LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by MIKE ROSATI @ROSATIPHOTOS

THE STRAINS ISSUE

GSC A balanced hybrid boasting a long-lasting high, GSC, formerly known as Girl Scout Cookies, is parent to a wide swath of popular pot strains. The unique flavors of vanilla and mint cookie dough, plus a light lavender scent, are passed onto the offspring resulting in many beloved crosses.

GELATO Gelato #33 a.k.a. Larry Bird, is a Bay Area Cookies/Sherbinski staple named for its sweet and creamy scent and flavor. This strain is relaxing yet uplifting, and those effects along with the bright orange hairs and unique frosty purple tint make it perfect for breeding new berry-flavored varieties with euphoric qualities.

L INE AGE / OG KUSH X DURBAN POISON F 1 DOMINANT TE RPE NE S / CARYOPHYL L E NE , MYRCE NE , LI MO N EN E PARE NT OF / SHE RBE RT, GMO COOKIE S, ORANGE COO K I ES , D O - S I - D O S , B I RT H DAY CAK E, O R EO Z, GRE ASE MONKE Y, THIN MINT COOKIE S, PL ATINUM COO K I ES

L I N E A G E / S U N S E T S HERBET X THI N M I NT C OOKIES D O M I N A N T T E R P E N E S / C A RYOP HYLLENE, LIM ONENE, HUM ULENE PA R E N T O F / R U N T Z , BISC OTTI

ZKITTLEZ

MODERN BREEDING STRAINS

Bred by 3rd Gen Family, Zkittlez burst onto the scene with a tropical punch of lemon, grapefruit and ice-creamesque bouquet. Anecdotal evidence shows the indica-dominant effects help treat PTSD and depression. As a forerunner of the Runtz line, Zkittlez’ legacy as a wellspring of wonderful weed is undoubted. LI N EAG E / ( G R APEFR U I T X G R APE APE) X MY S T ERY MALE D O MI N AN T T ER PEN ES / CARY O PH Y LLEN E, LI N ALO O L, H U MU LEN E PAR EN T O F / R U N T Z, W H I T E R U N T Z, MELO N AD E

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Cannabis breeding started thousands of years ago in Central Asia when seeds from the best plants were chosen every harvest year after year. The resulting plants spread throughout the world via human migration and eventually acclimated to different altitudes and environments. These became the original landrace Afghan, Indian, Southeast Asian, African and South American varieties used for flower and hash production over millennia.

IN THE U.S., crackdowns on imports of marijuana spurred aspiring farmers back home to plant their own seeds. Hippie travelers collected magic heirloom beans to bring home and used those plants, as well as various bagseeds, to create the original building blocks of the modern Cannabis gene pool including Skunk, Northern Lights and Haze. Further law enforcement operations forced a few enterprising bud breeders to the relative safety of Amsterdam, where the first seed companies were born in the 1980s using just a few distinct bedrock strains to create the hybrids that fueled the indoor growing revolution. The descendants of those strains became the building blocks of our present day poly-hybrids, but an ever-more-sophisticated clientele of connoisseurs, aficionados and medical patients demanded new and improved terpene profiles, flavor palates and potency levels. These days, a new breed of genetic material is being utilized to create flavorful strains for discerning palates and a marketplace constantly chasing the new heat. Whether gassy or fruity, the breeders of today are taking things to the extreme – making new and improved varieties using the following modern breeding strains.

MAR. 2022

DO-SI-DOS This amazing indica-leaning strain from Archive Seed Bank has a calming effect and provides pain relief for people with migraines and nausea. Cannabis expert TH Caeczar describes the singular scent as “freshly baked lemon curd and mint pastry aroma with shortbread cookie undertones.” Do-Si-Dos and her descendents tend to pair well with a couch or bed. L INE AGE / OGKB CUT OF GSC X FACE OF F OG BX1 DOMINANT TE RPE NE S / L IMONE NE , CARYOPHYL L E NE , LI N ALO O L PARE NT OF / DOL ATO, PE ANUT BUTTE R BRE ATH, DOSI S H ER B ET, W H OA- S I - W H OAS

GG4 Bred by the late great Josie Wales of GG Strains, the awardwinning GG4 (formerly known as Gorilla Glue #4) tests at an astonishing 30% THC! The earthy and piney buds announce themselves with a pungent and tangy smell that fills the entire room. A few puffs of these greasy nuggets is perfect for light sleepers and insomniacs seeking a full night’s sleep. L INE AGE / ( SOUR DU B B X CH EM S I S ) X CH O CO LAT E D I ES EL DOMINANT TE RPE NE S / CARY O PH Y LLEN E, MY R CEN E, LI MO N EN E PARE NT OF / ZOOKIE S , G R EAS E MO N K EY

STORY by DAN VINKOVETSKY @DANNYDANKOHT/LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by JUSTIN MCIVOR #JUSTINCANNABIS

PHOTO COURTESY ARCHIVE

FACE OFF OG Another Archive legend, this indica-dominant strain has been known to make beginner tokers dizzy, with a psychedelic power and a strong body buzz. The lime green nuggets sparkle like diamonds but it’s the unparalleled diesel fuel funk that make this such a prolific producer of prominent progeny.

LINEAGE / OG KUSH PHENO DO MI N A N T T E R P E N E S / M Y R C E N E , LIM ONENE, C A RYOP HYLLENE PA R E N T O F / D O - S I - D O S , A N I M A L M INTS, HELLRA I SER OG

WEDDING CAKE A powerhouse cross coming from the breeding wizards at Seed Junky Genetics, Wedding Cake a.k.a. Triangle Mints #23 or Pink Cookies, is an indica-dominant strain known for relaxation and appetite stimulation. A stunner when it emerged on the scene – so wildly popular it earned Leafly’s 2019 Strain of the Year – think movie marathons and well-stocked munchies when smoking on this tangy, creamy chronic. LI N EA G E / S E E D J U N K Y G E N E T I C S T RIA NGLE KUSH X A NI M A L M INTS D O MI N A N T T E R P E N E S / L I M O N E N E , M YRC ENE, C A RYOP HYLLENE PA R EN T O F / I C E C R E A M C A K E , W E D DI NG C RA SHER

TANGIE A multiple award-winner and breeding legend, Tangie from Crockett Family Farms tends to impart its citrus orange aroma and acidity on offspring. The effect tends to creep up on you but once it takes hold, Tangie supplies a blissful and euphoric impact. Sativa-dominant, with no ceiling to the buzz, you can keep smoking and continue getting higher. LINEAGE / SKUNK #1 X CALI ORANGE DO MI N A N T T E R P E N E S / M Y R C E N E , TERP INOLENE, P I NENE PA R E N T O F / T R O P I C A N A C O O K I E S , FORBIDDEN FRUIT, P U TA NG

CHERRY PIE Another award-winning Cookie Family hybrid strain, Cherry Pie made its name in the Bay Area with an earthy-yet-sweet berry scent and flavor. The effect is uplifting and giggly, perfect for a day in the park with friends or a night out at a comedy club. Several noteworthy varieties inherited their strong genetics from this stalwart species. LINEA GE / GRA NDA DDY P URP L E X DURBAN POISON F 1 DOM INA NT TERP ENES / MYRCENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, PINENE PA RENT OF / FORBIDDEN FRUIT, BIRTHDAY CAKE, ANIMAL CAKE

THE STRAINS ISSUE

THE HYPE The science of hype in the Cannabis world

FEW PEOPLE IN THE WEED WORLD HAVE HAD A FRONT SEAT FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE ‘CANNABIS BUYER’ QUITE LIKE WONDERLAND NURSERY FOUNDER KEVIN JODREY. For years, Jodrey helped backbone The Emerald Triangle’s starter plant supply from his Humboldt operation – where most of the biggest-name Cannabis genetics of the generation would make their way for protection or distribution to the wider masses. Eventually, Jodrey would even help now-State Treasurer Fiona Ma come to an $8 billion valuation for Humboldt’s underground Cannabis economy in 2008.

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But through all of Jodrey’s adventures, consumer demand would dictate much of the path. Even predating the OG wave of the early 2000s when it first got to the hills, then onto Blue Dream and Cookies. Not only did what consumers want change over the years, what dictated that demand changed as well.

Wonderland Nursery Founder Kevin Jodrey sparks up a handrolled joint.

MAR. 2022

“Pretty soon, it started to go into like THC frenzy … And it’s really the undoing of experience, because the bottom line is that a simple cannabinoid doesn’t dictate shit.”

& THE HEAT T

here were no real lab testing numbers at a commercially viable level until Steep Hill Labs opened its doors in 2007. But 15 years later, the almighty THC percentage has become a market-driving equation, even if the labs are essentially running different races until the state-mandated standardized operating procedures drop in 2023. “Well you had in the early 2000s … I still call it like, ‘the Dutch explosion.’ And so you get into that, but prior to that in the late ‘90s is when you first really started having lab analysis come out,” Jodrey told the Leaf. “And with the lab analysis, it started to quantify potency via a number. That hadn’t happened up to that point.” Jodrey says there was certainly some proprietary and unpublished testing going on, but the first strain he cites as widely having its test results shared was White Russian. It was 19.8% and at that moment, believed to be some of the strongest Cannabis on the planet. “And so all of a sudden, this number starts to become something that people started to talk about. And then lab analysis comes in,” Jodrey said, referring to Steep Hill. As Jodrey and his peers first started to take a look at Cannabis analysis, it seemed like an excellent way to optimize your production process. The theory many in the early days had was that even if the science being peddled was less than refined, as long as the THC number was heading in the right direction, they were in good shape. And you could read between the lines on the test results and gauge the effectiveness of any adjustments. Part of what they found between the lines was unconverted CBG. “CBG became this … little key to unlock more potency, because if you saw high levels of CBG, you knew you hadn’t converted completely. So we’re using all this to steer and drive and build higher CBD varieties, higher

1 to 1 ratios, higher THC,” Jodrey said. “But there wasn’t such an extreme emphasis on just the numbers – it was a part of the total process and you still had extreme diversity.” The CBG made it easier for the team to narrow down the potential for CBD strains with a higher medicinal value, in addition to those absolute hitter high-THC cuts. Testing would permeate deeper into the dispensary scene at the start of the 2010s. In those early days, a combination of budtender insight and data may have been the norm, but it seemed to quickly push towards the modern era of buying based on numbers. “And then pretty soon, it started to go into like THC frenzy – where once we started to break into the 30s, it started to become so powerful a data point that everything else started to be pushed to the side,” Jodrey said. “And it’s really the undoing of experience, because the bottom line is that a simple cannabinoid doesn’t dictate shit.” Jodrey argues that when we start to look at these snapshots that the tests represent as the whole picture, it’s similar to looking through the keyhole of the Louvre and saying what you see is the museum’s entirety. “And I think that’s really the undoing of Cannabis … that you’re skewing populations to drive towards a percentage at the expense of other things,” Jodrey said. “And you’re seeing dissatisfaction in many consumers. There’s never been so much exquisite pot put on the shelf that people aren’t happy buying, or you wouldn’t have the trap hitting as hard as it is.” Jodrey emphasizes that this all makes no sense to him, and believes his task through

this is to help people build better genetic libraries that aren’t offset by crazy numbers. He also notes that in some rare cases, the brand is bigger than the herb. The clout those farms have built up over the years allows the THC number to dip a pinch lower without affecting perception of quality in the consumers’ eyes. In lieu of more education consumer shopping habits won’t change much, but Jodrey and others like him will continue to hunt down things they find exotic – regardless of what the lab test says. @KEVINJODREY @WONDERLANDNURSERY

STORY by JIMI DEVINE @THEJIMIDEVINE for LEAF NATION | PHOTOS by BENJAMIN NEFF @BNEFF420

feature

HU MBOLDT SEED COMPANY

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Genetically Gifted If you don’t think fish and Cannabis share something in common, you haven’t met Nathaniel Pennington. Possessing an expertise seemingly perfectly suited for the wilds of Humboldt County, Pennington says his past career as a fisheries biologist is not at odds with his current role as the founder and CEO of Humboldt Seed Company.

Damian Marley’s new Cannabis brand, Evidence, purchased the site of an abandoned prison in Coalinga, California for their latest Cannabis grow — and filled it with 30,000 Humboldt Seed Company seedlings, yielding a productive harvest in Summer 2021.

MAR. 2022

“It's funny,” he observes, “because it makes perfect sense to everybody in Humboldt. There's this community that’s evolved here which is all about caring for the environment and for our ecosystems, and Cannabis was never, ever at odds with that. In fact, they went hand in hand.” But for outsiders, some may wonder how a fish-focused researcher became a leading provider of world-class Cannabis genetics, helped turn a prison into a legal grow site alongside reggae star Damien Marley, and still manages to devote plenty of focus to the local watersheds and environment that make Northern California a little slice of heaven on earth.

As a conservationist, Pennington was part of a successful effort to have endangered species protections put in place for salmon in Humboldt. Additionally, he was also heavily involved in a 2006 Klamath River dam removal deal – believed to be the world’s largest river restoration project to date. Though Pennington still holds several Board of Directors roles tied to his work with fish, by 2017 the impending enactment of California’s Prop 64 had inspired him to press the gas pedal on a Cannabis-focused venture he’d first sown the seeds for back in 2001. Struck by the idea that genomics – integral to his studies of salmon – would also be of major importance to Cannabis (especially in a legalized world), in 2001 Pennington headed down to Humboldt County’s courthouse and asked a clerk if there was any business registered as Humboldt Seed Company already. “They looked at the state record,” he says, “and there wasn't anything under that name, so I started one. It was like, ‘I'm growing seeds, but don't worry about which ones.’ You had to walk a fine line.” It was a line that became much easier to walk in the wake of California’s choice to legalize adult-use Cannabis sales in 2016. The following year, Pennington and his team began to plan for a pheno hunt of unprecedented scale. Based on advice from geneticists at UC Davis, Humboldt Seed Company was told that an ideal database on Cannabis genetics would include at least 10,000 plants from a diverse array of lineages. Part of Pennington’s motivation for this project was to create a sharable database of phenotypic information at a time when most Cannabis had become, in his words, akin to a mutt. “At this point, in Cannabis, there's almost no such thing as purebred,” he says. “If you were to compare it to dog breeding, everything in Cannabis is a mutt now. The difference is that you can't clone a dog, but you can clone Cannabis – so it doesn't matter as much if everything is genetically variable and mixed up. But to do actual breeding and to conduct breeding experiments that are repeatable, you need to be able to use more purebred lines.” To accomplish this monumental task, in 2018 Humboldt Seed Company found farms willing to collaborate with them – mostly in the Emerald Triangle, but also in Central California as well. In total, 10 farms participated on different levels, with six or seven cultivating hundreds – and in a few cases, thousands – of plants as part of the effort.

“We planted 10,000 plants throughout farms all over Central and Northern California,” Pennington recalls. “And then we curated a tour with a diverse group of industry professionals and Cannabis enthusiasts. We handed them all data sheets and iPads and everybody just walked around the fields. We did a fourday weekend and covered 6,000 of the 10,000 plants.” These annual pheno hunt tours have become a staple for Humboldt Seed Company, though Pennington acknowledges that things have been scaled back for the last two years due to pandemic concerns. Nonetheless, four years in, the results still yield some incredible surprises. For example: mint terpenes. “For 20 years,” Pennington says, “I didn't think Cannabis could smell like peppermint, but we recently got some seeds that had mint terpenes and it just shocked me.” Naturally, Pennington’s respect for the plants and animals of Humboldt also extends to the indig“An old prison that used to incarcerate people enous populations who have resided in who had grown, possessed or sold Cannabis the area since long is now the location for a massive grow. And before that name was they had a ton of success! The grow was just given to the region. unbelievably productive. If anything, they To that end, Humboldt Seed Company were like, ‘Holy shit. We don’t know if we’re has co-founded ready to process this much weed!’” the Nature Rights Nathaniel Pennington | Humboldt Seed Company Council (NRC): a Founder & CEO nonprofit led by members of local indigenous communities. Featured in the recent “An old prison that used to incarcerate documentary “Gather,” Pennington says he people who had grown, possessed or sold appreciates the extra attention the NRC has Cannabis is now the location for a massive enjoyed as a result of appearing in the film. grow,” he marvels. “And they had a ton of “They didn't exactly mention Humboldt success! The grow was just unbelievably Seed Company,” he laughs, “but we're not productive. If anything, they were like, 'Holy doing this to get mentioned. We're doing it shit. We don't know if we're ready to process to get the word out about Native American this much weed!'” culture and to get people talking about what It’s an exciting moment and one that we're going to lose if we just continue forging Pennington sees as even further proof that the ahead and not caring.” various spokes of his professional interests A similar sentiment inspired a recent effort are all undeniably connected. by Damian Marley’s new Cannabis brand, “Ultimately,” he says, “it’s about sowing Evidence, to buy an abandoned prison in the seeds of social justice however you can. Coalinga, Calif. and turn it into a grow Whether that means uplifting indigenous operation. Purchased for around $4 million, communities, protecting the land on which we Evidence co-founder Dan Dalton worked with all live, or working to reverse the pot-to-prison Humboldt Seed Company to secure 30,000 pipeline – it all comes from the same place.” seedlings, which were grown last summer. With part of the proceeds pledged to support the Last Prisoner Project, Pennington HUMBOLDTSEEDCOMPANY.COM describes the undertaking as one ripe with @THEHUMBOLDTSEEDCOMPANY irony – the good kind.

STORY by ZACK RUSKIN @ZACKRUSKIN for LEAF NATION | GARDEN PHOTOS by MIKE ROSATI @ROSATIPHOTOS | PRISON PHOTOS by KANDID KUSH @KANDIDKUSH

10 slices | 5mg THC/slice

cooking with cannabis

Her-sTORIC EATS

BUTTERMILK MARBLE CAKE Baking spray 6 tablespoons butter, softened 3 tablespoons canna-butter, softened 1 1/2 cups sugar, plus 2 tablespoons 3 eggs, room temperature 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon vanilla 1/2 teaspoon almond extract 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder 3/4 cup buttermilk, room temperature 2 1/4 cups flour 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate 2 tablespoons melted butter, cooled 1 teaspoon vanilla

1. Heat oven to 340. Spray a 9-inch loaf pan, or butter and dust with flour. 2. In an electric mixer, beat the butter and sugar until fluffy. Beat in the eggs one at a time and then mix on high speed for five minutes. Beat in the salt, vanilla, almond extract and baking powder. Add the flour, alternating with the milk, and ending with the flour. 3. In a microwave safe bowl, heat the chocolate in 10-second intervals until just melted. Add the remaining sugar and two tablespoons of hot water. Stir. Add one cup of the batter and stir until combined. 4. Pour the vanilla batter into the loaf pan. Top the vanilla batter with the chocolate batter. Drag a knife through the batter, distributing the chocolate throughout the pan. 5. Bake the cake for 60-70 minutes, until a cake tester comes out clean. Cool before removing from the pan.

Serves 4 | 5mg THC/serving

SASSY SPRING ASPARAGUS SALAD

1 pound asparagus, rinsed, patted dry and trimmed 1/2 small red onion, thinly sliced Zest of 1/2 a fresh lemon, thin strips 2 tablespoons good quality olive oil 4 teaspoons Cannabis infused oil Juice of 1 lemon 2 teaspoons apple cider vinegar Salt and pepper to taste

1. Using a vegetable peeler, shave the asparagus into long thin strips. Place the asparagus in a serving bowl with the sliced onion and lemon zest. 2. In a small bowl, whisk together the oils, lemon juice, vinegar and salt and pepper to taste. 3. At serving time, pour the dressing into the serving bowl and toss to combine.

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R EC I P E S by LAU RIE WOLF P HOTO by B RUC E WOLF THIS WOMEN’S HISTORY MONTH seems more weighted than others. There’s quite a bit at stake here. Since food is my bailiwick, I have chosen recipes from three women chefs who have created change politically, socially and culturally. I don’t have a clue if any of these women enjoyed Cannabis … I am using my take on their recipes to make a dish hopefully worthy of their immeasurable talents.

I have actually had the pleasure of meeting all of them and Edna Lewis – the first Black woman to write a Southern cookbook using her own identity – was the caterer at my wedding. The recipe for her marble cake, which I had the opportunity to eat by her own hand, inspired this recipe. The raw shaved asparagus salad from Alice Waters is a dish I have been making for years. We have her to thank for the “farm to table” movement in this country. Through her wisdom, we were able to understand the

MAR. 2022

importance of eating seasonally and locally. Waters was not alone in this movement, but she has certainly had the greatest impact in my cooking world. I met Julia Child briefly, many years ago. She was instrumental in bringing French cuisine to America and she had a relaxed, fun style that made people feel comfortable in the kitchen. My dad didn’t cook much, but he learned to make her vichyssoise (usually served cold) and that got him a reputation in the neighborhood. He achieved other reputations, but no one wants to know – trust me. I infused these recipes with Cannabis I grew this past summer. Woman grown, the strain is J1 – a clone from a close friend who has sadly left the world of weed. Not the world, just the business … not necessarily a bad idea.

Serves 4 | 5mg THC/serving

VICHYSSOISE (POTATO LEEK SOUP) 1 1/2 tablespoons butter 4 teaspoons infused oil or butter 1 1/2 cups peeled, sliced russet potatoes 1 1/2 cups sliced leeks, well rinsed, white part only 1 quart chicken stock, vegetable stock is also fine 1/3 cup heavy cream Salt and pepper Sliced scallion or chives for garnish

1. In a medium soup pot, melt the butters. 2. Add the potatoes and leeks to the pot, stir and allow to cook gently, covered for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally. 3. Add the stock of your choice, along with heavy cream and salt and pepper to taste. Simmer uncovered until the vegetables are tender, 15-20 minutes. If the potatoes are hard, simmer gently for an additional few minutes. 4. Carefully pour half the contents into a blender and puree until smooth. Really smooth. Pour into the soup pot and blend the remaining half of the soup. Return to the soup pot. 5. If the soup is to be served cold, allow it to cool at room temperature and chill in the fridge overnight. If serving hot, heat through and serve garnished with scallions or chives.

#gi r l po w e r #w o m enrule #bebold #just w omen #bet onw omen #R BG #ha p p y womensd a y | La uriea nd Ma ryJa ne.com

A BETTER JOINT TRIMMED FLOWER no shake or trim, buds only

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FLAVOR FOCUSED | LIVING SOIL ORGANICS | SEED HUNTERS | SEEKERS OF THE FLAME @BENSONARBOR • APPLEGATE VALLEY, OREGON Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the inﬂence of this drug. For use only by adults twenty-one years of age and older. Keep out of reach of children

edible of the month

PUREFECTIONERY

DUO FRUIT FUSIONS BLISSFUL GUMMY

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“I didn’t even notice how comfortably in the clouds I was until the ‘Are you still watching?’ screen popped up on Netflix.” mar. 2022

Nowadays it is easy to feel like Cannabis infused gummies are a dime a dozen, but when Purefectionery released their DUO Fruit Fusions tri-collection, they instantly became a diamond in the rough. BLISSFUL is their peach and blueberry gummy, infused with Siskiyou Sungrown indica RSO and giving a fresh take on a small edible supplying a monumental high. THIS FRUIT COMBO gummy is about the size of a silver dollar and comes in a zen package embellished with henna-ridden hands holding a lotus. In general, the lotus flower represents purity and self-regeneration – two things that you are sure to feel 30 minutes after ingesting. Once my kids were put to bed, I sat on the couch awaiting the stoney vibes and was met with a slow and mellow high. I didn’t even notice how comfortably in the clouds I was until the “Are you still watching?” screen popped up on Netflix. A surprising ingredient in this sugar sprinkled tasty treat is, wait for it … chili peppers! The chili pepper flavor is not instantly noticeable as this gummy leans on the sweeter side, but you receive the zesty (not spicy) hint in the aftertaste. The consistency of the gummy was the perfect amount of chewy without feeling like you were gnawing on a piece of gum. I feel the best part of this DUO Fruit Fusion is that not much is needed to attain a substantial high – the Purefectionery partnership with Siskiyou Sungrown and their finest indica RSO gives edible connoisseurs the perfect blend of fruity flavors and heavy sensations. Although this gummy has 10 servings of great times, it should definitely be paced out if you are a newbie or have a lower tolerance. All in all, Purefectionery absolutely knew what they were doing when they conceived the DUO Fruit Fusions. The collection also includes a mango, blood orange and jalapeño flavored option by the name of CORAZON, as well as NAMASTE – a tamarind and green apple version. These exotic flavor pairings alone are enough to entice the taste buds. Next time you find yourself headed to the dispensary, do not forget to purchase a Purefectionery product. You definitely won’t be disappointed, but you will be stoned. PUREFECTIONERY.COM @PUREFECTIONERY 5.42MG THC/GUMMY 54.2MG THC/10-PK CONTAINER

REVIEW & PHOTO by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA for OREGON LEAF

concentrate of the month

“High terpene levels instantaneously water the eyes before inducing a minimum 10-second staring spell.”

Living soil organic, greenhouse grown, using only top dressing and teas – it’s the most native and sustainable method of growing, resulting from closed door, inefficient indoor techniques of yesteryear. Returning to these roots we find B.A. Botanicals, a medical grower who has transcended into the recreational market with their Clean Green Certified approach to Cannabis.

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WEDDINGCAKE

HASH ROSIN MAR. 2022

WEDDING CAKE is an indica dominant hybrid also known as Triangle Mintz #23 or Pink Cookies. But regardless of what you call it, according to Seed Junky Genetics’ J Beezy, the cultivar is a cross of his Animal Mints and CSI Humboldt’s Triangle Kush. It was ultimately renamed by LA cultivator Jungle Boys and has resulted in a dizzying array of cake crosses nationwide – becoming a modern day classic that many reach for instinctively. The Wedding Cake hash rosin from B.A. Botanicals is a shining example of the original strain. Upon first heat and exhalation, we found it earth-forward with a lemon cake undertone reminiscent of OG Kush from the good old days. Slight notes of vanilla can be found throughout, as well as an indistinguishable fruit. Cherry? Maybe more lemon? Let your palate decide… Effects present themselves immediately, almost surprisingly so, and the high terpene levels instantaneously water the eyes before inducing a minimum 10-second staring spell. Absorbing the environment around me, I slowly became heavier in the chair while a floating sensation under the arms and legs paired perfectly with my blanket and warm fire. Those looking for some relief from insomnia and anxiety – alongside the comfort of knowing the Cannabis you’re consuming has been cultivated with the highest intentions and most sustainable methodologies – should check out the Wedding Cake hash rosin from B.A. Botanicals. As they say, “We grow the way the earth intends.” BABOTANICALS.COM @BABOTANICALS

REVIEW by RYAN SANATEL for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA

2g BUCKETS now available at participating retailers

topical of the month

The creators behind Sacred Herb Medicinals are genuine herbalists and their process to create these highly functional botanical medicines is nothing short of modern day witchcraft. A witch, after all, is someone who harnesses the power of plants and the elements to create healing tonics, tinctures, and in this case – topicals.

“An entire symphony of consciously curated herbal infusions.” Extra Strength Cannabis Massage Oil .12% THC | .06% CBD

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SACRED HERB MEDICINALS

LOCAL TO BEND, the team of four includes owners Erin McClaskey and husband Aaron Hohman, Brooke Wilson and Kim Lemke. This core crew tackles everything from building their products from the ground up to packaging, sales, distribution, branding and marketing. Many things make SHM so unique, but most evident is their deep knowledge of the plant’s capabilities – notably amplifying their product line by combining Cannabis with other complementary dried herbs and flowers. We’ve heard of the entourage effect … but this is truly an entire symphony of consciously curated herbal infusions. “We believe that our bodies need more than just high levels of THC and CBD to allow you to feel your best,” says Wilson. “This amazing plant has much more to offer us than just the THC or CBD cannabinoids alone. We encompass all of these beneficial cannabinoids in our SHM line of products and consider them to be more than full spectrum products.”

MAR. 2022

Infusing jojoba, olive and avocado oils with whole flower, sungrown, soil-fed Cannabis, there are no Cannabis concentrates used in their topicals. The whole flower Cannabis concoction is so alive with cannabinoids and terpenes it almost buzzes when you see it simmering in its cauldron. SHM also uses the same process for their dried herb ingredients. Lavender, comfrey, rosemary, arnica and other powerhouse healers in the plant kingdom are infused in their whole form – just like healers and medicine men and women have done for millennia. There is something ancient and sacred about their products which have been reborn into modern-day medicine. It isn’t gimmicky or flashy, and it doesn’t need to be because the proof is in the pudding. In addition to stirring, blending and pouring by hand, the team takes great care packaging each item in recyclable materials. In an industry full of waste, SHM strives to reduce its carbon footprint wherever possible.

The SHM product line relies on their staple botanical oil infusions to create everything they make. And even if you’ve tried SHM before, it’s time to revisit their enhanced, extra strength varieties. A new spin on their classics means a little goes a long way to deeply penetrate pain and obliterate discomfort. I recently tried their massage oil to work some tender muscles and found that I didn’t need much to glide across my skin. Within 15 minutes, I could feel the tension and inflammation begin to dissipate. An excellent topical should provide noticeable relief and SHM delivers on this promise. Since they use the same concentrated Cannabis oil as the base for each product, you can expect the same effects from their roller oil, pain stick and lotion – all genuinely effective topicals made with the utmost regard for plant medicine.

SACREDHERBMEDICINALS.COM @SACREDHERBMEDICINALS

REVIEW by HOLLY CRAWFORD for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by SACRED HERB MEDICINALS

reviews

off the shelf MAMA LOU’S CBG

A 1:1:1 ratio was new to me, and I wanted to feel how this would affect me in a stereotypical evening out with friends. I often use a low dose anti-anxiety medication, along with smoking some flower to curb those uncomfortable feelings. For the ingestion I used the “fun size candy bar” method, carefully impaling it with a chopstick and adding about the same amount as five grains of rice of FECO. Mama Lou’s CBG felt like Roughly 45 minutes lat- being wrapped up in a fuzzy, warm and comfy er and 15 minutes into sweater on rainy Oregon our dinner, my friend day. The THC was doing asked, “How medicated work, no doubt about are you right now?” it. But for me it was the with a quizzical look on way the CBD soothed the her face. It dawned on tension in my muscles, while the CBG turned me then that I’d been the volume down on my wearing a permagrin normal anxiety level, that for who knows how truly wowed me. long. 754 mg total 1:1:1 ratio, 237mg THC | 265mg CBD | 235mg CBG @whomamalou

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REBEL ROOTS SUNSET SHERBET

FULL EXTRACT CANNABIS OIL For our Off the Shelf feature this month, we are going for an old school classic of Cannabis ingestion: Full Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO), more commonly known as Rick Simpson Oil or RSO. With so many different options available on today’s market, it can be overwhelming to choose the proper product to suit your specific needs … so let us be your guide.

MAR. 2022

For my day job, I have the fortunate opportunity to work with some of the best minds in our field at a genetics facility on a small farm in the foothills of the Willamette Valley. So any question I might need answered is only as far away as my next break. When explaining my “candy Within 20 minutes the bar method” a homie munchies hit me like the told me, “That ain’t holy ghost at a revival. how you’re supposed to use RSO.” He then explained that for seizure patients, the best way is to put a small amount on the inside of your bottom lip … so that evening, I did just that. The flavor was a mixture of extremely deep-hitting notes that had the same direct fire power to your senses as a warm barrel-aged stout. Within 20 minutes the munchies hit me like the holy ghost at a revival. This would lead me to believe that nausea control is the prize for the Rebel Roots Sunset Sherbet RSO. For some people eating can be a daunting task and the daily struggle to not have issues is almost impossible – this could be the answer for that exact problem. 658.3mg THC 7.1mg CBC | 6.4mg CBN | 18mg CBG @rebelrootsfarms

SISKIYOU SUNGROWN PRIVATE RESERVE PLATINUM PURPLE KUSH

Much like everyone I know right now, I have trouble sleeping. Six to seven hours is my normal amount of sleep, but we all know eight hours is much better for our overall health. Ingesting a 38mg dose of the Siskiyou Sungrown Private Reserve, the onset took about an hour, but Honestly, I haven’t slept when it hit I was well on that good in a month my way to snuggle bug- and the ability to have a ging myself to a blissful non-pharmaceutical option nine-plus hours of sleep for the aid in restful sleep is extraordinary. … the kind where you wake up and your hair looks like it’s been in a tornado and you’re wondering where your other sock went. Honestly, I haven’t slept that good in a month and the ability to have a non-pharmaceutical option for the aid in restful sleep is extraordinary. This product not only got me to sleep, it kept me asleep and didn’t make me feel groggy the next morning. 640mg THC | @siskiyousungrown

REVIEW by DAVE MCDOWELL for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by TONY SIMONELLI @SIMONELLITONY

WWW.EXOTICBLENDZPDX.COM Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. For use only by adults twenty-one years of age and older. Keep out of the reach of children.

tannins & terpenes

T H E A RT OF PA I R I NG C A N N A BI S

SMITH TEAMAKER BLACK VELVET GNOME GROWN ORGANICS GMO X ROOTBEER

STEVEN SMITH TEAMAKER 110 SE WASHINGTON ST, PORTLAND, OR SMITHTEA.COM @SMITHTEAMAKER

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GNOMEGROWNORGANICS.COM @GNOMEGROWNORGANICS

Smith Teamaker eschews the word cafe and instead calls their shops “tasting rooms.” Inside are stacks of neatly designed boxes and tins filled with the good stuff: Wheels of aged and pressed tea, separated sachets to build your tasting flights, and bowls of the individual herbs, flowers and teas are on display to smell and examine. Visiting is a sensory delight way before you’ve ordered a pot of tea and sat down to pour a cup.

mar. 2022

JUST OUTSIDE the tasting room is a generous patio where you can sit and enjoy your tea in the sunshine or more often, avoid the rain. While the Smith Teamaker patio is plenty cozy, I do think they would mind if you rolled a fragrant joint of Gnome Grown cultivated GMO x Rootbeer and sparked it up alongside a steeping pot of afternoon tea. Ergo, we highly recommend trying this one on your own patio to not affect the chai-lover over at a nearby table. Smith has several varieties that complemented the GMO x Rootbeer, but nothing was as striking as their Black Lavender — a blend of Ceylon and Zheng Shan black teas with French lavender, red rose, vanilla and black currant. Upon opening the box, the soft berry notes immediately catch our attention. A hint of vanilla and the lasting perfume of panna cotta permeate the air. An excellent match for the flower’s funk-forward profile. A deep hit off the joint coats the palate with a rich funk. Black pepper and cola syrup are upfront on the inhale, plus a sour lime with an herbal sharpness

“An excellent match for the flower’s funk-forward profile.”

on the exhale. But nothing beats the scent of breaking this herb up, as a nose-tickling effervescence puts baking anise cookies in competition with unleaded gas. The highly sought-after Rootbeer profile combined with the aroma powerhouse of GMO produces the best of both expressions. This is all the flavor of your best GMO with bonus notes of licorice, fizzy cola and floral aromas. It’s these florals that make the Black Lavender tea an excellent partner. After a five-minute brew, the cup of tea smells like sun-warmed leather and an afternoon in the herb garden. Soft enough to cleanse the palate between draws of a joint, but not subtle enough to get lost in the cloud of funk. Together these two are a match I’d love to see offered at the swanky social-use tea shop of the not-so-distant future … where herbs, flowers and teas are all selected for their unique flavor and provenance, and of course, served with ornate little snacks. Until then, I highly suggest waiting for a sunny day to brew a pot, twist one up, and enjoy some of the finest herbs imaginable.

REVIEW by RYAN HERRON @THELOUD100 for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by DIANA THOMPSON @DUDE.DIANA

Top Quality

Bulk THC Distillate

$2.50/g Limited time offer

541-879-1818 www.jsorextracts.com Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. For use only by adults twenty-one years of age and older. Keep out of reach of children.

cannthropology

WORLD OF Cannabis PRESENTS

The Original

4 84 2

King of Cannabis

leafmagazines.com

Presenting the seedy saga of Nevil Schoenmakers— one of the most courageous, controversial and consequential Cannabis breeders in history. BORN TO BREED Born to Dutch parents in Perth, Australia on February 2, 1957, Nevil Martin Schoenmakers was a rebellious youth with a passion for biology and genetics – breeding parakeets as early as eight years old. He began smoking weed in high school and after graduating, started working in a university biology lab. There, he gained access to harder drugs – including morphine, to which he soon developed an addiction. After getting busted on drug charges, Schoenmakers first fled to Thailand, then on to live with an uncle in the Netherlands in 1976. It was there, while using Cannabis to help kick his heroin habit, that he discovered a copy of the legendary “Marijuana Growers Guide” (by Mel Frank and Ed Rosenthal) and was inspired to grow pot professionally. In 1980, he was approved for a business loan from the Dutch government designed to help recovering addicts, then used the money to set up a small commercial grow and started selling marijuana to the Dutch market. Only problem was, the strains he was growing – mostly from Nigerian, Colombian and Mexican seeds – weren’t very popular. So in 1983, he made the fateful decision to switch from selling weed to selling seeds and founded The Seed Bank of Holland.

MAR. 2022

In this never-before-published photo taken in 1985 near the Russian border in Hungary, Nevil first discovers the legendary “roadside ruderalis” plant he would later breed with other strains to shorten their flowering times.

THE SEED BANK OF HOLLAND In July 1984, Schoenmakers released the seed bank’s first “catalog” – a one-page listing of seed varieties offered for just 25 cents apiece. The following year, he took out a small classified ad in the back of High Times magazine where he offered American growers an opportunity to order the catalog for two dollars. Since he was only advertising the catalog rather than the seeds themselves, the ad didn’t violate any laws. For his business to be really successful, though, Nevil knew he needed to get his hands on better genetics. As fate would have it, some of the best Cannabis strains in the world were about to fall into his lap. In the summer of

1984, legendary Santa Cruz breeder “Skunkman Sam” Selgnij of Sacred Seeds traveled to Amsterdam, bringing with him over a quarter-million seeds of California’s best genetics, including Skunk #1, Cali Orange, Hindu Kush and Original Haze. Schoenmakers allegedly purchased half of Skunkman’s varieties, as well as a few other popular strains from West Coast growers (such as Northern Lights, Afghan #1 and Durban Poison). He also acquired a few landrace strains while adventuring in Asia, including the rare ruderalis species. It was from this dank, diverse gene pool – as well as his brilliant and ballsy entrepreneurial acumen – that Nevil would build his seed empire.

WORLD OF CANNABIS

Though a few other Dutch seed companies were operating at the time, none were brazen enough to mail seeds to America for cash and then brag about it in the pages of High Times.

The back of the 1987 Seed Bank of Holland catalog, featuring the infamous photo of Nevil in a room full of hashish—the same image later used on his wanted poster.

In September 1984, Schoenmakers purchased an old 18th century estate in the Dutch countryside, which he christened the “Cannabis Castle,” then proceeded to transform the property into a veritable seed factory – erecting greenhouses on the land and filling the catacombs beneath the mansion with grow rooms. By 1986 he was running display ads in both High Times and Sinsemilla Tips, offering the catalog for free and the seeds for $5 each. Soon, the Seed Bank was distributing hundreds of thousands of seeds globally and raking in millions of dollars a year. Nevil’s operation was so impressive that it drew the attention of High Times editor Steve Hager, who paid him a visit in 1986. In the now-infamous interview “Inside Cannabis Castle: The Man Who Would be King of Cannabis” (High Times, March 1987), Schoenmakers openly discussed his life, location and operations. Though a few other Dutch seed companies were operating at the time, none were brazen enough to mail seeds to America for cash and then brag about it in the pages of High Times. OPERATION GREEN MERCHANT Unfortunately, growers weren’t the only ones reading High Times and Sinsemilla Tips – it was no secret that the DEA were among the mags’ biggest subscribers. Seeing the numerous ads for growing equipment and Cannabis seeds in their pages, the Feds decided to build a case for criminal conspiracy between the pot publications, their advertisers and their customers. They started purchasing seeds from Nevil when his first ads ran in 1985; two years later, they launched the official investigation known as Operation Green Merchant.

In our November 2021 GREEN HOUSE & MR. NICE edition (“Sinsemilla Story”), we Though he’d escaped extradirecounted how OGM raided tion and prosecution, Nevil’s Sinsemilla Tips and dozens of days of shipping seeds to the horticulture shops across the U.S. were over and he was still country on “Black Thursday” under scrutiny by Interpol, so he in October 1989, but that was knew he needed to keep a lowonly half the story – the other er profile. Which is likely why, half of the investigation was during his stint in the Australian High Times news article about Nevil centered on shutting down the jail, he negotiated a deal to sell skipping bail (Nov. 1991). Holland Seed Bank. Luckily for his entire operation – the HolNevil, the Netherlands wouldn’t land Seed Bank and Cannabis extradite him for something that wasn’t considered Castle – to Ben Dronkers, who then merged it with a crime there. But in 1990, when he returned to his Sensi Seed Club to form the Sensi Seed Bank. Perth for the birth of his son, the authorities were Despite selling his business, Nevil kept on breedwaiting: On June 24, Australian police arrested ing – at first, working for the very company he used Schoenmakers on behalf of the to own. Then in 1994, he and fellow Aussie breedU.S. Government. Then, on July er Scott Blakey (aka Shantibaba) co-founded the 13, the Justice Department handed Green House Seed Company with Green House down a 44-count indictment with coffeeshop owner Arjan Roskam. Together, they potential for multiple life sentencdeveloped several Cannabis Cup-winning strains, es – charging him with the sale of including White Widow, Super Silver Haze, White marijuana seeds, as well as criminal Rhino, and his signature strain, Nevil’s Haze. But conspiracy to violate the Controlled as the decade drew to a close, a change in Dutch Substances Act. law outlawing the production of seeds – as well as Schoenmakers spent the next 11 conflicts of interest and egos – led Shantibaba and months in an Australian prison while Schoenmakers to sever ties with Arjan. his lawyers appealed his extradition After leaving the Greenhouse, the pair connect… until June 1991, when he was ed with infamous smuggler Howard Marks (a.k.a. unexpectedly granted bail, paid the Mr. Nice) to form Mr. Nice Seed Bank. Soon after, $100,000 and skipped town to the Shantibaba moved his operation to Switzerland safety of the Netherlands. while Nevil remained in the Netherlands, continuing his work under the radar and out of the spotlight. SEEDS OF BETRAYAL Of the 42 customers listed in Schoenmakers’ LONG LIVE THE KING indictment, only five were undercover agents … Around 2003, Schoenmakso how did the DEA get ahold of the names and er learned that the Justice addresses of the rest? Unfortunately, based on Department had dropped its rumors that have never been substantiated, Nevil case. With no more outstandaccused Skunkman Sam of being an undercover ing warrants against him, he DEA agent. But as it turned out, the snitch was acwas finally free to travel again. tually Nevil’s friend and business partner, Raymond He returned home to AustraAnthony Cogo. lia, where he settled in New Ray Cogo worked as one of the Seed Bank’s South Wales, dropped out of U.S. distributors from February 1988 until June the Cannabis scene entirely, and lived for over a 1989 – receiving bulk shipments of seeds from decade in relative seclusion. He resurfaced briefly in Nevil in Michigan, then mailing individual orders 2015 when it was announced that he’d joined the out to customers hidden inside soup cans. In a board of an Australian medical Cannabis compasworn affidavit to the DEA that didn’t surface until ny called AusCann. Sadly though, his Cannabis 2018, Cogo admits that despite Nevil’s explicit comeback would be short-lived: Two years after instructions to destroy all customer information being diagnosed with cancer, Nevil passed away on after shipping the orders, he nevertheless kept it March 30, 2019, at the age of 62. all. So when he got busted attempting to sneak Many of those who’ve worked with Schoenmakers hash to a friend in prison, Cogo cut a deal to over the years speak unfavorably of his character, save his own ass – turning over an alleged 360 and perhaps justifiably so. But opinions about his pages of the Seed Bank’s customer information personality aside, there’s no denying the tremento the DEA in June 1989. Four months later dous worldwide impact he had on Cannabis cultivacame Black Thursday, then the warrant for Nevils’ tion. Without Nevil and his Holland Seed Bank, arrest the following year. many of the strains we enjoy today might not exist. STO RY b y B O B BY B LAC K @ CAN N T H RO PO LO G Y fo r LEA F NAT IO N | M AI N P HOTO b y STEV E N CU RT I S

THIS PRODUCT HAS INTOXICATING EFFECTS AND MAY BE HABIT FORMING. MARIJUANA CAN IMPAIR CONCENTRATION, COORDINATION, AND JUDGMENT. DO NOT OPERATE A VEHICLE OR MACHINERY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THIS DRUG. THERE MAY BE HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF THIS PRODUCT. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.

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WHEN VENOM IS COURSING THROUGH YOUR EMBROILED VEINS, it feels good to let out an exultant FUCK. In fact, you would be hard pressed to find any single word in the English language so versatile. Call us unrefined, but when you have such an effective expression – so interchangeable simply by the tone and cadence with which it is spit – why reach into that bag of expletives for anything else? With fuck as the signature example, swear words can be some of the most impactful of all expressions – the exemplary embodiment of absolute emotion. They are the sprinkles to your sentences. The punctuation to your pronouns. The gravy on your mashed potatoes. And when you study how we might’ve arrived at this era of artful articulation, it seems plausible that this breakthrough gained momentum when the 1940’s war children came of age a decade later. After having their mouths washed out with soap enough times in the cookie cutter order of row housing, they grew weary of the conservative austerity it took to defeat the Nazis, ready to adopt their rock and roll identity – ripe for a cultural rebellion. And rightfully accentuated by bad words in back alleys with cuffed jeans and cigarette-fueled observations. If you think about it, language is a peculiar vehicle for communicating. And since the advent of our grunts toward a more competent connection, shunned words have had a place on the periphery of the dictionary. And when it comes to the word fuck: Why would you insulate the most foolproof remark that pinpoints your fiery feelings, when it specifically flavors your fervor? Doesn’t it feel liberating to let it out… Just like a giant, breathy bong toke.

mar. 2022

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FULL EXTRACT CANNABIS OIL

STONEY BALONEY

CANNTHROPOLOGY

EDIBLE OTM

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HUMBOLDT SEED COMPANY

PHENO HUNTING

DUKE DIAMOND

MZJILL GENETICS

THE HYPE & THE HEAT

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RAY BAMA / RUNTZ

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BEAR & BOLO

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NATIONAL NEWS

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