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SEPTEMBER 2014
8 QUESTIONS :
AMY MARGOLIS POT ATTORNEY ACCESS REVIEW BEND, OREGON
GROWTECH:
GARDEN TIPS!
ISSUE #3
TASTY MEDIBLE REVIEWS + PIX
The fighter paul stanford has been an influential Cannabis and hemp activist for the better part of 30 years. He leads The Hemp and Cannabis Foundation. He has given away over 2,000 lbs. of pot. Pg. 28
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contents
SEPTEMBER 2014
18
24
34
20 BUSINESS MEETS MARIJUANA 10
Child Care Practices
24
Strain of The Month
16
8 Q’s: Amy Margolis
36
Medicated Tomatoes
18
Reviewing Vth Lmnt
40
Health and Science
32
Concentrate Review
44
Grow Tech Tips
No pot at the day care, please Portland attorney defends pot
Tough to pronounce but easy to like
Amnesia Haze doesn’t mess around
16
A beautiful bud shot pull-out poster
Three tasty recipes to try this month
Dr. Rose on the impact of your water Dr. Scanderson shares his wisdom
EDITOR’S NOTE......................9 NATIONAL NEWS.....................10 HEMPSTALK...........................12 8 QUESTIONS.............................16 BEND ACCESS............................18 CONCENTRATES........................32 TASTY REVIEWS.........................34 TASTY RECIPES..........................36 HEALTH & SCIENCE.....................40 GINGER FACTS...........................42 DISSOLVED OXYGEN..................44 BEHIND THE STRAIN..................46
COVER & CONTENTS PHOTOS by
Daniel Berman/Oregon Leaf
contents
“THE PETROCHEMICAL PHARMACEUTICAL MILITARY INDUSTRIAL TRANSNATIONAL ELITE FASCIST SNOBS ARE THE WHOLE REASON THIS PLANT IS ILLEGAL, AND THEY MADE UP A LIE.”
28
PAUL STANFORD
Photo by Daniel Berman/Oregon Leaf
OREGON LEAF
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editor’s note
SEPTEMBER 2014
Thank you for checking out the 3rd issue of oregon leaf! This month we took a road trip and got to explore a beautiful grow...
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his month’s cover story features Paul Stanford, a true Cannabis activist and hero. I had the unique pleasure of visiting with him at a legendary grow site in Portland to hear his story that begins in 1978 with a joint in front of the White House. Learn more about the man behind THCF, who has given away over 2,240 pounds of Cannabis in his lifetime on page 28. We also have an insightful interview with attorney Amy Margolis of the Emerge Law Group in our 8 Questions section. Read on to learn about what she is doing to change the industry for growers, why she became a lawyer, and what she thinks legalization will do to the medical marijuana marketplace. Our dispensary access point coverage took us on a trip down to Bend this month, where patients can find a special blend of small-town friendliness with their medicine.
For our medible reviews we sampled two low calorie and on-the-go options for your busy lifestyle, and our strain of the month is a ridiculously tasty Sativa from Lucid Organics. We also covered CannaCon in its first appearance in the Northwest. It was the first business-to-business networking event in the region, and you can find out where they are heading next in the article. There’s a handful of great new recipes from Laurie and Bruce Wolf, new growtech and behind the strain from Dr. Scanderson, and Dr. Rose takes you into the world of water, and the waste that comes with bottling it. Overall this is one sweet issue, and I hope that you enjoy it and share the good news about Cannabis with family and friends. And remember to get out and vote this year! I’ve got a good feeling about legalization.
WES ABNEY, EDITOR
Spreading the word at Seattle Hempfest
Contact oregon Leaf editor Wes Abney to discuss advertising or displaying our magazine in a new location. We want to hear from you! Feel free to send submissions, share news tips, your take on a story or one we should hear.
Phone 206-235-6721 Email nwleaf@gmail.com
JACOB THOM Oregon Director of Sales
Oregonleafsales@gmail.com 503-516-5934
founder & editor-in-chief
Wes Abney photographer & designer
the truth about the plant you thought you knew, IN every issue.
Daniel Berman contributors STEVE ELLIOTT KIRK ERICSON WILL FERGUSON TYLER J. MARKWART DR. SCANDERSON DR. SCOTT D. ROSE LAURIE WOLF & BRUCE WOLF
Department of Corrections
No errors to report for last month, but we always appreciate reader feedback. Drop us an email and give us your take!
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national
Time Out!
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Oregon Bans Medic al Mar i j uan a Us e By Day Car e Pr o v i de r s
ome-based day care centers cannot be run care facilities while they are under the influence. by medical marijuana patients, an Oregon Medical marijuana advocates objected to the rulstate board ruled in early August. ing, saying child care providers aren’t prohibited The decision was prompted by revelations that the from using other medications, including painkillers. owners of at least five home-based day care centers “You don’t make these kind of requirements for had medical marijuana cards and were allowed to people that are using Vicodin,” patient advocate Anuse Cannabis on the premises. In one instance, the thony Taylor told the Associated Press. “You don’t manager and owners of the Alphamake these kinds of requirements for bet Academy Learning Center in people who are using methadone.” Management and Salem were seen taking bong hits “This effectively takes child care at the facility while children were away from any parent that has a owners were seen nearby, according to TV news stamedical marijuana card,” Taylor said. taking bong hits tion KOIN 6. “The chair conveyed the message One center had already been shut that we were saving the children in the backyard, down for unrelated rules violafrom marijuana.” with kids nearby, tions, but the owners of four others The rule takes effect immediately and will have to choose between using lasts six months. The Early Learning at a Salem facility. medical marijuana or running a Council will consider a permanent childcare business. rule in January, after voters consider Medical marijuana has long been viewed as a prilegal recreational marijuana on November’s ballot. vate matter in Oregon, and the state didn’t disclose “Whether we’ve got it right in this document the presence of marijuana to parents of children who remains to be seen,” council member Norm Smith were in such centers. But state officials changed that told the Associated Press. after the media reports and Democratic Gov. John “This is the starting place. I will support it today, Kitzhaber was attacked by his GOP rival. but I don’t know where I will be in six months.” “Marijuana consumption should not and cannot “I have some concerns about the broader implicabe tolerated within a child care environment licensed tions,” said council member Eva Rippeteau. by the state,” Kitzhaber said in a released statement. “Especially for in-home providers, we are opening “There’s a question about whether or not someup their entire house to be subject to the business. body who’s under the influence of cannabis can reShouldn’t they have a little bit of area that’s theirs?” ally provide that quality early learning experience,” The rule allows others who live in the same home, said Early Learning Council chairwoman Pam Curbut aren’t licensed child care providers, to hold tis, according to an Associated Press story. “What medical marijuana cards, but Cannabis can’t ever the council said today was, ‘We don’t think so.’ ” be stored in the home. Applicants for licenses aren’t According to the rule, all 65,000-plus Oregon asked whether they have medical marijuana cards, Medical Marijuana Program patients are prohibitso the state knows only about those who volunteer ed from being on the premises of state-licensed day the information.
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Colorado gov’ will spend $2 million on anti-pot ad campaign
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olorado Gov. John Hickenlooper has introduced his administration’s marijuana prevention campaign to deter underage consumption -- relying on well-worn scare tactics over any reality-based approach. The theme of the $2 million taxpayer-funded campaign is marijuana’s potential effect on the developing adolescent brain, using the slogan “don’t be a lab rat.” The administration plans to place human-size rat cages throughout the city of Denver, particularly at high-traffic bus stops. While flashy and memorable, the campaign has raised concerns among advocates who question the credibility of this approach. Drug policy reformers and prevention experts invoke the cynicism generated by 1980s-era scare tactic efforts such as the notorious “This is your brain on drugs” ad, widely recognized today as more attention grabbing than drug-deterring. Advocates recommend instead an approach that focuses on credible drug education delivered through programs and initiatives that focus on overall youth health and development. Reality-based efforts engage students and prevent the cynicism resulting from simplistic scare tactics. Furthermore, to be successful, parents or guardians should be directly involved in drug education and prevention efforts. “What it comes down to is are the ads intended to scare them or are the ads intended to inform them?” asked Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, which helped craft and pass Amendment 64, the voter-approved 2012 initiative that legalized marijuana in Colorado. “These ads are intended to scare them.”
STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion
Top Shelf Cannabis in Bellingham was the first rec store to offer edibles | Photo by Nick Gonzales
Quick Hits!
10 15 17 20 24.7 105 900 4,000
Thousands of Florida volunteers who signed up to share positive stories about MMJ through phone calls, in-person talks, or through social media to support Amendment 2, legalizing medical Cannabis use in the state. Number of plants found in a South Carolina back yard by a police helicopter, adding more prisoners to the drug war at a huge cost to S.C. taxpayers.
Americans will have the choice to vote on 17 different marijuana legalization efforts in 2014, many in local cities within Michigan along with Alaska and Oregon. Number of joints a Fox news story claims is the equivalent to smoking a dab of hash oil. Potent to be sure, but this is just typical exaggerating. Million dollars of Cannabis was sold to recreational users in Colorado in June, according to numbers recently released.
Washington
Pricey legal edibles hit the new market
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he first edible recreational marijuana products are now being sold legally in Washington, a month after Cannabis went on sale in state-licensed stores. Due to strict regulations from the Washington State Liquor Control Board, no kitchens had been approved for producing marijuana edibles last month when Cannabis sales began in a handful of stores July 8 (see August 2014 issue).
Al Olson, the marijuana editor at CNBC. com, bought the first approved edibles at Top Shelf Cannabis in Bellingham. Olson spent about $200 on Green Chief Crazy Carnival Nuts, 420 Party Mix and Twisted Trail Mix, and on a vaporizer pen and vape pen battery. The marijuana-infused nut clusters, trail mix and party mix cost about $25 per bag. Talk about expensive snacks...
Quoted
Over 100 financial institutions (banks) are now working with the Cannabis industry, a move that remains illegal under federal financial laws. Pounds of pot intercepted off the coast of Miami presumed to be coming from Hait. Officials estimated the crop at $800,000.
Number of plants found in a wilderness park in Orange County, in an area that’s very difficult to access by foot or even helicopter, with no suspects arrested, according to the OC Register.
WE WENT IN WITH A WHITE GLOVE AND CHECKED THE DUST BEHIND EVERY CRACK AND CREVICE TO MAKE IT CLEAR WE ARE SERIOUS.
‘‘
-Tom Burns, who oversees the dispensary program of the Oregon Health Authority, after the agency inspected 58 of the state’s 158 licensed medical marijuana dispensaries and found some had issues ranging from shoddy recordkeeping to packaging. They must fix violations or face $500/day fines.
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national
STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion
Oregon Labor Council Endorses Marijuana Legalization Initiative
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elegates of a regional federation of unions in Northwest Oregon met a two-thirds majority vote to recommend that statewide labor organizations support the New Approach Oregon measure to regulate, legalize and tax marijuana for adults ages 21 and older. “The Northwest Oregon Labor Council is proud to recommend support for the New Approach measure,” said Jeff Anderson, first vice president of the council and executive secretary of UFCW 555. “The measure would create more family-wage jobs in Oregon, keep workers safe by retaining current workplace drug laws and generate tens of millions of dollars in tax revenue for crucial public services like education and police.” Officials with the New Approach campaign were happy with the news. “It’s rare to win support from Oregon workers so early in a campaign,” said New Approach campaign manager Dan Mahr. The recommendation from the “union of unions” comes a week after the measure qualified for the ballot. The Northwest Oregon Labor Council is the largest central labor committee in the state, representing over 50,000 workers in 100 union locals.
Banks Offer Financial Services To Marijuana Businesses
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top federal official said last month that 105 banks and credit unions are now doing business with legal marijuana merchants, and suggested that revised federal rules that let financial institutions provide services to cannabis businesses are starting to work. The Obama administration in February gave the go-ahead to the banking industry to offer financing and accounts to marijuana distributors who conduct their business following state laws, according to The Washington Post’s Danielle Douglas. “From our perspective the guidance is having the intended effect,” said Jennifer Shasky Calvery, director of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. “It is facilitating access to financial services, while ensuring that this activity is transparent and the funds are going into regulated financial institutions.” Some entrepreneurs hailed that statement as a step toward bringing Cannabis commerce into the mainstream financial system, but banking groups said the federal guidance did little to relieve fears of doing business with companies whose products remain illegal under federal law.
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Lighting up Hempstalk ‘11 Photo by Daniel Berman
OREGON NEWS
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Portland Hempstalk Festival Longtime Cannabis event moves on up to new digs
festival at Kelley Point Park. With increases in empstalk provides educational awarefestival attendance and growing awareness of ness opportunities regarding the methe popularity of its cause, Hempstalk orgadicinal, emotional and mental benefits nizers and city officials felt it had outgrown its of Cannabis and advocates decriminalization for previous location. medicinal, industrial and recreational use. Featuring two stages, the Jack Herer Main Founded in 2005 by The Hemp and CanStage, the newly added Green Goddess stage nabis Foundation, the festival features live muand the Hempstalk Pavilion, the bands, music sic, guest speakers, food and goods vendors and and informational guest speakers are sure to information booths. The public, free event has inspire and inform attendees. moved to Tom McCall Waterfront Park. There Already confirmed on the musical bill for is a suggested donation of $10 per person. 2014 are Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real, According to Paul Stanford, founder and John Trudell and Bad Dog, Herbivores, Los presenting sponsor of the event, “Hempstalk Marijuanos, poet and Cannabis adis about the many uses of agricultural Portland vocate John Sinclair, The Sindicate, J hemp fiber, oil, protein, fuel and mediMack and Big Dub and Bad Habitat. cine. We are working to end adult Can- Hempstalk Festival Guest speaker panels will inform nabis prohibition, allow adults to grow attendants about industrial hemp, the their own and license the legal sale of Tom McCall Waterfront Park legal use of marijuana and answer othpsychoactive Cannabis to adults. Sept. 27-28 er questions on two stages and in the “We believe that hemp will save the Free, donations Hemposium. Among those speaking Earth’s biosphere with the adoption accepted this year are THCF and CRRH Diof hemp seed for biodiesel fuel, which rector Paul Stanford, renowned author will solve the energy and world hunger Chris Bennett, me, Oregon Leaf ’s own Steve problems, and stop deforestation when hemp Elliott, Parents 4 Pot’s Anna Diaz and attorfiber is used for paper and building materials,” ney Bradley Steinman. Hempstalk will be emStanford said. Event coordinators estimated that 60,000 ceed by Ngaio Bealum. Check back next month people attended last year’s two-day Hempstalk for our Portland Hempstalk coverage.
national
STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion
World News Latin America allows first medical marijuana patient
“Cannabis is the only thing that works.”
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48-year-old woman in Chile has become the first legal medicinal Cannabis patient in Latin America after being granted permission by the Institute for Public Health due to having systemic lupus and breast cancer. “I feel like I am burning up inside,” Cecilia Hayder told NBC News in a heartwrenching interview last month. “Everything hurts. I don’t have the strength to take a step, and I often have to use a wheelchair. My body rejects opiates so Cannabis is the only thing that works for me.” Heyder, a mother of two, will be
Cecilia Heyder of Chile will get government help to buy the Sativex treatment she needs.
treated with Sativex, extracted from Cannabis, with equal amounts of THC and cannabidiol. Sativex isn’t considered to be psychoactive, as the CBD mediates the effects of the THC. Although she’s already permitted to take Sativex, a new law must be rushed through Chile’s Congress to allow the public health system to be the one to pay for it. That process will take at least two more months. Sativex costs over $3,000 monthly and Heyder cannot afford it without government help. “I am very happy and grateful to the parliamentarians, she said. “But I don’t see why my case had to become so emblematic for this to change. Too many people have suffered because of this taboo.” Heyder, on the advice of a physician, began using Cannabis early last year after the pain became unbearable. Her first shipment of Sativex from the United Kingdom, where it is produced by pharma giant GW Pharmaceutical, is still weeks away, but she
already eats Cannabis in food and smokes joints. That isn’t permitted by Chilean law, but for a while now, Cannabis for personal use hasn’t been punished. Heyder said she’d only tried marijuana once before her illness, as a teenager, and did not enjoy it. No nation in Latin America, including Chile, has laws that allow or regulate medical marijuana. Heyder’s breakthough has inspired one political party, Amplitud, to propose a bill that would decriminalize growing marijuana at home for both recreational and medical uses. The bill is just one of several being debated in Chile that could also authorize the country’s public health system to incorporate medicines that are derived from Cannabis. At least one of those bills is expected to make it through Chile’s Congress in the next few months. Few Chilean citizens oppose medical marijuana. A recent poll found 78 percent in favor. That’s progress.
Canadian court says edible and topical bans are unconstitutional in key patient victory The cou r t c hal l e nge c am e f rom t he 20 0 9 c as e o f Owen Smi t h, c har ge d w i t h mar iju ana t raf f i c ki ng f o r ba king C annab i s c o o ki e s & producing t o p i c al Cannab i s .
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anada’s ban on medical marijuana edibles and body creams is unconstitutional, a B.C. Court of Appeal judge ruled Aug. 7. The judge instructed Parliament to rewrite the Controlled Drugs and Substance Act to allow medicinal Cannabis patients to use products made from Cannabis extracts, including creams, salves, oils, brownies, cakes, cookies and chocolate bars, according to CBC. The court challenge came from the case of Owen Smith, who was charged with marijuana trafficking for baking Cannabis cookies and producing topical Cannabis creams for a Victoria-based medical marijuana club in 2009. According to court documents, Smith was caught baking 200 marijuana cookies for the Victoria Cannabis Buyers Club, and had a supply of Cannabis-infused cooking oils and some dried marijuana in his apartment when he was arrested.
He was acquitted in April 2012, after the B.C. Supreme Court ruled Canada’s medical marijuana regulations were unconstitutional because patients were denied access to edibles and other derivatives. Supreme Court Justice Robert Johnston ruled that allowing dried Cannabis flowers alone was arbitrary, and didn’t do enough to actually further legitimate state interest. Health Canada allows patients suffering from debilitating illnesses to possess dried marijuana flowers. They can get the Cannabis through Health Canada-approved growers, or can get permission to grow it themselves. The Canadian government had hoped the B.C. Court of Appeal would strike down the B.C. Supreme Court decision allowing edibles and topicals, but marijuana advocates across the country said patients rely on derivatives to treat medical problems.
Alberta
Green House + albertagreenhouse.com
Come by and experience a higher quality of medicine
first time patients receive 20% off!
1313 NE Alberta Portland, OR 97211 (503) 954-3900 albertagreenhouse.com Monday - Saturday 11am - 7pm Open 7 Sunday days a 12pm - 6pm week!
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PROFILE
Questions for the attorney Amy Margolis
on the still-evolving Cannabis legal system By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN
#1 What made you want to practice law, and how did you get started as an attorney? I always wanted to be a criminal defense attorney. When I was a teenager, I saw my uncle charged with a serious crime, and I watched what he went through. What resonated with me was the trauma for someone who is charged, and the impact it has on those around them. I’ve wanted to do this job ever since. Then after graduating from Lewis and Clark Law School, I spent four years as a public defender before starting my own practice.
#2 How did your time as a public defender help to change your philosophy as an attorney? I was really young at the time, only 24 when I graduated, but I had a lot of energy! I felt that I was doing something good. I learned a ton from that job, and made a lot of the relationships that I have now within the legal system. It was totally invaluable. I liked very much being a public defender, and I got everything I have built my practice on from that time and experience.
Emerge Law Group
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111 SW 5th St. Suite 2080 Portland, OR 97204 (503) 227-4525
criminaldefensepdx.com
I feel that if the average person knew how many of their friends, family and coworkers used Cannabis we would be able to put a far more relatable face on it.
#3 When did you first become involved in the Cannabis industry? I’ve always known people in the industry and I also defended a lot of them. Since I began as a public defender, I immediately was handling drug cases, many of which were for Cannabis. As a defense attorney, I have seen lives destroyed by alcohol, real hard drugs, and even pharmaceutical drugs. But I have never seen a marijuana-fueled rape case or assault or any violent crime for that manner. I think that, especially after all the drug cases I’ve seen, that the fact we [our justice system] are still sending people to prison for pot feels crazy now, but it felt crazy back then.
#4 how different Is the environment today from when you started? Priorities have changed, but people still go to prison for pot. And even one person in prison for that is too many. I feel that if the average person knew how many of their friends, family and coworkers used Cannabis we would be able to put a far more relatable face on it. Then Cannabis defendants wouldn’t be treated like strangers. As for the industry, that environment has changed immensely. In the last three or four years, a lot of my clients who were young have grown to become more mature and gone from the gray or black market to having kids and families, and mortgages. Now they want to participate in society in a real way, in a regulated system. This change has felt like a seismic shift.
#5 Why did you start emerge law group, a cannabis law practice? We started July 1 to serve the Cannabis industry. The beauty in this is that I am not a tax attorney or a business attorney, and I don’t want to be. But a long time ago I realized that every client that came through the door needed all those services, plus the ones I offer. This law group is really a perfect collaboration, and I think it our approach of offering corporate and tax protection along with criminal protection is an asset to any client. I see our main goals as helping people move forward as emerging businesses; to walk the road together with clients, and let them know that we are truly in this together; and to bring traditional legal representation for businesses that have been anything but traditional. Our team has three specialized attorneys to meet our clients’ needs. I do
compliance work and criminal defense, Bernard Chamberlain is our tax specialist and Dave Kopilak is our corporate law attorney.
#6. Emerge is representing oregon’s first ever “Growers PAC.” what will it offer to both growers and the political system? I have always represented all parts of the industry [dispensaries, growers, patients] but I was always hearing complaints from growers that they had no voice. That is a real problem for this industry because growers are the foundation of the entire system. Without people growing the product you have no dispensing system, retail or medical. After SB 1531 [the moratorium bill] passed this year with no boots on the ground, I realized that this would continue unless somebody did something. So we went to the growers and said that if you want to be invested in the process then you need to put your money where your mouth is to have a voice, just like any other industry. We are using the funds raised to lobby for growers, and have hired Jeff Sugarman to represent us in Salem. I’m proud that growers are the first to lobby. It has been a real maturation process of the industry.
#7 Do you think that the recreational initiative will pass? What do your medical marijuana clients think about it? I think it should pass, and my hope is that it passes. It is time for Cannabis to be legal for adult use. There’s no question about it. And it’s true that Oregon has always been a leader in Cannabis production. As for my medical clients, almost all of them have said that they intend to stick with medical, and the Legislature isn’t going to change any laws for medical.
8. What is the future for your firm? If you ask me, the sky is the limit. We are dedicated to working for our clients, and we have a dedicated skill set to provide ongoing services for this industry, whether medical or recreational. We have a lot of planning and work to be done to make sure that we move the industry forward and bring Cannabis out of the dark and into the light.
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access
vth lmnt
Reviewed
By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN
Strains 4/5 A HANDCRAFTED piece of driftwood displays a variety of
high-quality strains. Flower donations run from $6 to $12 per gram for locally grown strains such as Green Queen, Pineapple Express and Sour Diesel. Labels on the top of each sample jar make strains easily distinguishable for patients. VTH LMNT provides patients with an excellent selection of indicas, hybrids and sativas to suit all needs. We appreciated that patients receive 10% off any strain with over 20% THC as part of their Top-Notch Tuesdays.
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Edibles 4.5/5 THE DISPLAY CASE is stocked with a variety
of medibles. High cannabidiol tinctures, Cheeba Chews, lozenges and baked sweets are just a few of the products in the medible counter. Patients can relax knowing smokeless options that offer multi symptom relief are available. Each Monday, as part of Munchy Mondays, patients receive 15 percent off medibles.
Concentrates 3.5/5 OWNER DEZEN DALBERG has a passion to
provide clean medicine in all forms. Lab grade propane hash oil, full-melt bubble hash and CO2 extracts were available. On Sundays, patients receive a free gram of propane hash oil with every 4 grams purchased. No butane hash oil shatter or crumble was in stock.
GREEN QUEEN
SOUR DIESEL
HYBRID
THE SCORE
THE SCORE
a rom a : de n s ity: cure : appearance: fl avor: e ffe ct: tota l : 27/30
a r o ma : den si t y: c u r e: appearance: f lavo r : ef f ec t: t o ta l: 27/30
25.8% THC // 0.1% CBD
26.1% THC // 0.1% CBD THIS GREEN QUEEN is some of the prettiest-looking flower I’ve seen in a
while. The cross of Green Crack and Space Queen makes for a sweet, yet earthy smelling flower that is potent and smooth. From inhale to exhale, this strain provides relief from stress, pain and anxiety, and is accompanied by a sweet piney taste. Patients seeking clean and potent medicine should look no further than this strong strain from Davis Farms.
Environment 5/5 VTH LMNT boasts a modern, eclectic waiting room tailored for patient comfort. The medicine room provides patients with a modern, vibrant interior that reflects Dalberg’s desire to make selecting medicine an enjoyable experience. Ample lighting and handcrafted finishes add to patient luxury and experience.
SATIVA
DAVIS FARMS is at it again this time with a classic East Coast strain. This cross of
91 Chemdawg, Mass Super Skunk and Northern Lights packs a strong diesel smell and taste to give patients a euphoric high that can help alleviate stress and depression. These buds were properly flushed and cured, making for a smooth and enjoyable smoke that reflects the grower’s care for the plants. Perfect for daytime medication, Sour Diesel will surely please all sativa lovers.
Overall 17/20 THE LOCATION off U.S. Route 97 is convenient and allows for easy access from Madras, Redmond and La Pine. We appreciated their friendly service and sense of mission and purpose. With dedicated staff, a welcoming interior and quality medicine, VTH LMNT should be on every OMMP patient’s list of access points to visit.
Patients can relax knowing that smokeless options which offer multi-symptom relief are available at the shop. VTH LMNT (5TH ELEMENT)
63352 N. Highway 97 Bend, OR 97701 (541) 408-9058 www.5thlmnt.com
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rehashed
By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN
Tacoma, WA Aug. 14-17, 2014
BUSINESS CLASS
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housands of ambitious business owners, investors and Cannabis enthusiasts gathered last month at the Tacoma Dome for the debut of CannaCon, the first true business expo for the Cannabis trade. The event was limited to business owners on the first two days. It allowed for relaxed business-to-business connections before the final two days that saw entry by the public, bringing a lively mix of attendees to the 180 booths at the event. Founder Bob Smart of Everett said the event met his principal goal: Make business happen. “It’s been amazing to see how many business owners and 502 licensees came out for this event,” he said. “We had over 6,000 business owners alone show up. There were over $5 million in business deals landed on Saturday alone, with a total economic
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At CannaCon, smoking or vaping wasn’t allowed, making for the kind of professional, business-oriented Cannabis industry networking the Northwest has needed for years.
impact of between $6 million and $8 million in sales facilitated by the event.” Bob said the days of pot-smoking-themed expos are fading into the past. Vendors were required to follow rules about what they could display. And with no complaints heard, people said they loved it. “This event was professional, and it was great as a business owner. There were no street kids walking around selling brownies in picnic baskets and stoned attendees wandering aimlessly through booths,” said Ian Bolyard, owner of NW ATM Services, based in Lacey, Washington. “People who attended were really wanting to do business and looking to make connections. You saw real investors, real business plans that would normally be associated with the mainstream business world. The Cannabis world has now entered the real business world.”
The 134 vendors included growing equipment providers, high-end packaging solutions for Cannabis, software tracking systems, insurance and financial solutions, and more than one eager venture capitalist. One of the biggest hits of the weekend was the Magic Butter cooking demonstrations, which showed how the machines could be used to make infused products. The company sold out its units the first day. For Daron Coon, a sales representative for the medible company Cheeba Chews, the opportunity to meet new contacts in a smoke-free space was crucial. “It was a phenomenal event and opportunity to meet business people and begin building relationships for the future,” he said. “This was directed to the business community, not people looking for free samples. You got
to meet the people you really want to meet.” Walking around the Tacoma Dome was made easy with giant rows of booths, all of which had something distinctive to offer. The main floor was taken up by booths, with outer sections hosting a variety of seminars. Every aspect of the Cannabis trade was covered in the seminars, which were free for attendees. This brought an enlightened demographic to the dome. “I would say 90 percent of the people in the event were potential clients for my business,” beamed Jake Adkinson, owner of HD Grow Box. “At other pot festivals it’s maybe 10 percent, and the rest all want free stuff. This trade show definitely had the best ratio for vendors.” Insurance is a new area of the Cannabis trade that was nicely represented. In the past, many events or industry groups have had trouble getting fully in-
You saw real investors, real business plans that would nor mally be associated with the mainstream business world. sured. That wasn’t a problem for Doug Banfelder of the Premier Dispensary Insurance Group, which insured CannaCon. “We met a ton of new clients, and got to visit with current clients who we had not yet met in person, and had the pleasure of meeting true Cannabis industry leaders,” Doug said on the final day. “The B2B aspect was phenomenal, and the networking on the sales floor made it a real success.” CannaCon is expected in Phoenix in January, back in Seattle for the spring, and then on a tour that will include California, Nevada, Florida, Colorado and more states to be announced later. After the long weekend, founder Bob Smart
seemed happiest most of all that the event had provided a new service to the industry. “People came here with shopping lists for their businesses, and they were able to cross off every item on there. That was my goal.”
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OREGON LEAF
STRAIN OF THE MONTH By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN
The Trinity Blueberry is an exclusive
cross of Trinity and Blueberry grown by Lucid Organics, packing a heady bag appeal, with sweet tones and bursting notes of blueberry.
It’s a dense and trichome-frosted flower, with even bud structure and a perfect cure. Snapping a bowl-size piece off the stem yields a nice snap, releasing an earthy resin smell and covering the fingers in sticky THC.
The smoke is sweet and easy on the
lungs while packing a heavy punch to the body. Psychoactive effects are felt instantly, with noticeable cerebral pressure and an almost dizzying electric high. The resin seemingly coats the lungs and mouth with cannabinoids, leaving a tingly feeling that starts in the lungs and spreads outward. It’s a nicely euphoric strain that is pleasant for daytime use.
As for medicinal effects, the best
part of this strain is the high levels of the terpene azulene. Azulene is known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and is a highly prized ingredient for many mainstream topicals. It also is known for helping with cell regeneration, and symptoms of depression.
Patients will find this strain useful
for joint or muscle aches and pains, depression or anxiety-related issues, and for energy in the morning while medicating.
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By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN
The fighter PAUL STANFORD CREATED THE HEMP AND CANNABIS FOUNDATION BACK IN 1999, BRAVING A TRULY DIFFERENT POLITICAL CLIMATE. BUT NEARLY 15 YEARS LATER, THE GROUP’S MISSION TO GET PATIENTS AUTHORIZED, EDUCATE MAINSTREAM AMERICA AND MAKE MARIJUANA LEGAL IS FAR FROM OVER.
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WHEN
activists talk about growing and giving away Cannabis to those in need, it’s usually in grams or ounces, but that doesn’t cut it for Paul Stanford. He gives away pounds. During the past 20 years, he’s given away over a metric ton of it, 2,240 pounds of medicine, and he’s giving away 200 more pounds from his upcoming outdoor crop this year. “Welcome to the Stanford house for wayward adults,” he joked leading in a photographer through a quiet suburban home, and someone’s bedroom, in East Portland and into a large backyard. It was mostly empty, save for a few scattered chairs and the roughly 20 Cannabis plants, all more than 7-feet tall. For Paul, it’s just another day in the garden. Sitting in the yard framed by 20-foot tall fences and under constant camera monitoring, Paul is relaxed. The sun is out, and he’s surrounded by his favorite strains of Cannabis waving gently in the breeze. His medical authorization company, The Hemp and Cannabis Foundation, operates in 12 states with 40 employees, meaning a moment of peace is a rarity for the activist. He settles into the shade, takes a puff from a vaporizer bag floating around, and settles into story mode for everyone in attendance to learn a little more about what drives him to grow and give away medicine to thousands of patients.
A Founding Father The first Cannabis protest Paul, who was born in North Carolina in 1960 attended was a week after his 18th birthday in 1978, at the infamous White House Smoke-in in Washington DC. The activism seed was planted in our nation’s capital, and by 1981, Paul had moved to Oregon to start growing Cannabis. The next year, he met Jack Herer, and by 1985, the two were thick as thieves defying a government system that had outlawed a plant. “I let Jack take over my house, it was a grow house, and he wrote his first
edition of “The Emperor Wears No Clothes” here in Portland. I became one of the first hemp and Cannabis activists with him, set out to learn more about what the plant had to offer,” Paul explained. “I just thought the laws were wrong, and I still do, and I saw that prohibition of marijuana was being used against activists fighting for hemp.” This led Paul to write the first legalization initiative ever released in Oregon in 1985. While it didn’t pass, it set the stage for the battle still being fought today. He had fought a cultivation charge the year before, and it fueled him to keep fighting for the right to grow a plant. “Around that time, I learned that China has the largest industrial hemp crop in the world, and at the time it was a safe enough country. So I went to China from 1988-89 to learn the language, go to school and start a company — the Tree Free Eco Paper business,” he said in English before dropping a couple sentences in Chinese. “I still remember the language, and the experience. My company was the first to import hemp cloth and paper, and we focused on paper as a better alternative than tree-based products.” The company ran through the 1990s, importing hemp products and paper for distribution in the United States. While growing hemp and Cannabis were still patently illegal, bringing hemp products into the country was not. But Paul was still growing, and the attention from his hemp imports brought attention to his extracurricular cultivation. His grow was raided in 1991 by local law enforcement in Oregon, and by 1993, the case was being argued in federal court. Paul had become a father, and he was facing a 10year mandatory minimum sentence for the charges. The feds offered several plea deals, the least of which was five years in prison, and he rejected every single one. He took the case to a full jury, which presented the biggest risk for longtime imprisonment. But he believed in what he was fighting for. “This is the story of how the Fully Informed Jury Association saved my life,” he explained. “They had taught me about jury nullification, and that was my plan for the jury. But we ran into problems at first.” >> SEE PG. 30
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By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN
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“WE KNEW THE PROSECUTION WOULD NEVER LET US ENTER EVIDENCE ABOUT CANNABIS OR NULLIFICATION, SO WE PUT ONE OF THE RAIDING OFFICERS ON THE STAND AND ASKED HIM ABOUT WHAT HE FOUND AT THE HOUSE.”
Continued from p. 29
In almost every case in federal court, the judge will bar a defendant from talking to the jury about nullification, and this case was no different. But Paul’s defense team had an ace up their sleeve.
ONE
of the pieces of evidence seized in the raid had been his collection of books about hemp and Cannabis, which included a copy of “Marijuana and Your Legal Rights” by Richard Jay Moller. His defense chose not to call any witnesses, and to only cross-examine the prosecution. That’s when something amazing happened. “We knew the prosecution would never let us enter evidence about Cannabis or nullification, so we put one of the raiding officers on the stand and asked him about what he found at the house. Sure enough he brought up my books, which became part of the prosecution’s evidence,” he said. “So we asked the officer to open the book and read from a specific page which was all about jury nullification in Cannabis cases. The prosecutor threw a fit and tried to have it tossed, but because it was their own evidence, there was nothing he could do.” The jury ultimately nullified the case, saving Paul and his family from a prison sentence. The trial solidified his getting some sun: Huge outdoor Cannabis plants in Portland will yield several pounds at harvest. status as a bonafide Cannabis hero, and he began a public access television show in 1996 called “Cannabis Common Sense” to share his information and love of the plant. The programming started off humbly. “I did the first five shows all by myself, and then had a lawyer come on with me through 1999. During that time, Oregon had passed ballot Measure 67 in 1998 to allow medical use, and Dr. Phillip Leveque came on the show with me. Then a funny thing happened,” Paul said with a smile. “People started showing up at the studio to get their recommendations. Soon we had 15 to 20 people lined up before each show. I’d accidentally started an authorization clinic.” Soon the crowds became too much for the public access studio. So he moved the clinic into his house. “The kids were young at that point, so we would take them to school and close buds: Hanging with Willie Nelson, a longtime then come home, pick up all the toys, and start helping patients during the day. We got our first real office in 2002, immediately outgrew it the day we moved supporter of the cause with the records to prove it. in, and continued to grow. I found Dr. Thomas Orvald in 2004 and started up in Washington, Denver and Michigan in 2005, and then we exploded with the recognizes that major hurdles remain. The biggest is fighting for hemp. advances in the dispensary market,” he explained. “The petrochemical pharmaceutical military industrial transnational elite “At one point we had over 80 employees. To date we have authorized over fascist snobs are the whole reason this plant is illegal, and they made up a 200,000 patients, with over 90,000 seen last year alone.” lie. When we restore hemp, we will replace a majority of the energy market. Hemp makes better fuel, fiber and food than any single plant on the planet. Harvest time Prohibition isn’t about weed, it’s about business, which is also why we have to fully legalize Cannabis. When everyone can grow and use marijuana, “I’m proud to be able to help people, and they are so grateful to have this acthen hemp will be restored to its rightful place in the world.” cess. That’s why I grow pot to give it away. I don’t sell a single gram, and my That reason drove Paul to start Portland Hempstalk, which is a free fesaccountants tell me I spend about $125,000 a year to do it, but because the tival celebrating hemp and medical Cannabis use. Sept. 27 and 28 marks clinics are profitable it allows me to grow both indoors and outdoors and give the 10th annual event hosted this year at Tom McCall Waterfront Park, it all away.” where thousands of people will come together peacefully to celebrate Every October, Paul crops his outdoor at exactly 4 a.m., and has rotating the plant that can change the world. That is exactly how Paul planned it. crops indoors. Every gram is given away to patients in need that have been identified as low income or terminally ill through THCF authorizations. But Learn more at thcf.org or at hempstalk.org or or look through hundreds of even with the freedom he now experiences to grow the plant in Oregon, he hours of footage available at ustream.tv/channel/cannabis-common-sense.
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concentrates
By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN
It is best to keep it in a refrigerated environment to preserve the terpenes and its granular texture.
Amnesia Haze SOLVENTLESS FULL-MELT
IF
to preserve Terpenes and the texture. Once a tropical paradise had a strain smell, it clump is positioned on a dab tool it’s time to would be the heavenly scent released by this vaporize this natural extract. If you doubt what Amnesia Haze, which is surely well-named. simple ice, water and flower can become, look Passionfruit and citrus charge into the nostrils no further than this. as soon as the jar is cracked, finishing with an As soon as the first crumble touches the orange creamsicle flavor that will leave your hot nail it begins a frenzied melting mouth watering. This is one of the dance, sending up bursts of vapor most delicious smelling solventless processed by concentrates that we have ever had the PUA EXTRACTIONS without a noticeable plant matter taste. The flavor is pure paradise, pleasure of smelling! with a sweet guava finish that leaves you The texture of this full melt is perfect, with a wanting more. The effects are euphoric in a light stickiness and a granular structure. It is best calm way, leaving a feeling of contentedness kept in a cool or refrigerated environment, both
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TEST RESULTS
51.08% THC 1.05% cbd
that melts aways mental or physical pain. Amnesia Haze first won a Cannabis Cup in 2004. and it has been gaining popularity ever since. The strain is Sativa dominant, with heady and psychedelic effects that can cause one to forget. While this might sound scary, it actually serves a function. The best way to deal with stress and anxiety is to push negativity out of the mind, and this strain is perfect for that. By blending euphoria with an energetic feel, this concentrate will have you up and forgetting your stresses instantly.
TESTED by GOING GREEN LABS
TASTY
Reviews
By WES ABNEY/oREGON lEAF Photos by Daniel Berman
Lemon-Flavored Lozenges $12 for 2 Serving = 1 lozenge 73mg thc-total 11.8mg cbd-total
Fruit Punch Sour Bhotz
Medicine Farm’s medicated lozenges are a great option for
any patient looking to combine traditional forms of medicine with their medical Cannabis treatment program. Everyone has taken and used lozenges in their lifetime, either as a cough drop or a homeopathic option for allergies or other conditions. Luckily for us, Medicine Farm has combined the classic medicine with potent Cannabinoids for medicinal relief. THE SCORE Each lozenge contains 73mg Va l ue : of THC and 11.8mg CBD, Ta s t e : which blends potency with the Effec t: beneficial effects of CBD therapy. The ingredients are also natuPackaging: ral, including organic light agave Ove ra l l : nectar, organic lemon extract, and organic sunflower oil. The full ingredients are listed on the packaging, which is a great plus, along with instructions for storage. Both the CBD and the agave have anti-inflammatory properties, and both are able to be used in insulin management for blood sugar issues, making this a great option for a variety of medical conditions. They are also great for chronic pain, relieving symptoms in an easy to ingest form. The effects on the lozenges are strong, but you don’t have to eat a whole piece at once. That might be the best part of this medible! Unlike a sucker which can get floppy and sticky after multiple uses, it’s easy to re-wrap the lozenge in the packaging and turn it into multiple doses. They offer a 2-pack for $12 or a 4-pack for $20. Overall, this is a great and healthy option for any patient, and we recommend checking out all the other flavors that are also available.
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$15
Serving = 1 pkg. (2 shots)
150mg THC-total 0.52mg cbd-total
“I’ve got a secret, with parts made in Oregon, I am the modern medible
man.” At least that’s how I felt after eating a Sour Bhotz. Domo Arigato, Mr. Roboto! These little robots will have you dancing pain free and euphoric to the greatest hits of the 80’s within an hour of eating, and they are fun to play with. Sour Bhotz are created from scratch in Oregon, using all quality ingredients including organic fruit juices, organic THE SCORE cane sure and premium gelatin. Value: The BHO in Bhotz is representative Taste: of the medication that is used to give the medibles such high potency. Effect: There is a light bitterness in the Packaging: finish of each bite that hints at the Overall: concentrates involved, but overall the “green taste” is much lower than other gummies of comparable potency. The packaging for the products is simple and sealed from view, a must for any product that might be appealing to children. All warnings and legal info is available as well, along with ingredients and potency information. Overall, we recommend these Bhotz for anyone who wants a low calorie edible that is full of potent medicine. They are easily eaten on the go, discreetly, and the only side effect is possibly making bad music sound better.
TESTED by 3b Analytical
recipes
By LAURIE WOLF for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by BRUCE WOLF for OREGON LEAF
Tomatoes and Cannabis are perfect together. I use canna-olive oil for medicating most but not all of my savory foods, and always have a quart of medicated extra-virgin olive oil at hand. My non-sweet recipes allow the Cannabis to have a presence, albeit a small one. Cannabis is an herb, and I like to treat it as such. The oil used in these recipes was made from the upbeat J-1 strain — it lends an earthiness that pairs well with many foods. But there is nothing quite like the feeling of your medicated meal starting to kick in. If you start with the soup, and take your time, the weed may kick in before dessert!
BRUSCHETTA 1. Heat oven to 400 deg. Coat the tomatoes and red onion in olive oil and season with salt and pepper. Roast on a baking sheet for 12-14 minutes till the tomatoes have gotten soft or burst if whole. Stir once or twice. 2. Remove the tomatoes from the oven and toss with the canna-olive oil and basil. Crush the tomatoes if the chunks are too big. Taste for salt and pepper and adjust. 3. Spoon the tomato mixture over the garlic rubbed bread. Spoon remaining juices, (there’s cannabis in them there sauce!) over the tomatoes. Serves 4-6.
INGREDIENTS 2 cups chopped/whole small tomatoes ½ small red onion, sliced 2 tablespoons olive oil Salt and freshly ground black pepper 2-3 tablespoons canna- olive oil 1/4 cup basil leaves, shredded 1 baguette, sliced horizontally, toasted and rubbed with peeled garlic cloves 2 cloves garlic, peeled
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When the weather is warm and people are coming for dinner, this dish is often one
of our starters. The tomatoes need not be roasted, and you can certainly add your favorite herbs and toppings. A few weeks ago I made a bruschetta trio for our dinner, and served it with a simple salad. I only medicated one of the versions. One was avocado, tomato and mozzarella, one was a roasted yellow pepper with charred leeks and the third, the one I medicated, was a fabulously delicious grilled eggplant, mint and feta. When the medicated bruschetta kicked in, we went, with our designated driver, on a pilgrimage to get some pie at Random Order. I had the salted caramel apple.
TOMATO CORN SALAD
SIMPLE TOMATO SOUP
1. Heat the olive oil in a large skillet. When the oil is hot, add the corn and let it cook for 4-5 minutes, over medium heat, until starting to brown a bit. Don’t stir too often so that the corn has a chance to brown. Add the scallions and cook an additional 3-4 minutes.
1. Put tomatoes and garlic in a bowl with the salt. Add the canna-olive oil, champagne vinegar, black pepper and cayenne. Mix well and allow flavors to blend for 1 hour.
2. Place the corn in a serving bowl and add the tomatoes.
2. Place the tomatoes mixture in a food processor or blender. If you
3. In a small bowl whisk together the canna-oil and the lemon juice and
like, pass through a strainer to remove the seeds and the skin. I don’t
add the spices, fresh herbs and the avocado. Toss gently. Taste for salt
mind the occasional seed or piece of the skin, but if you do, strain.
and pepper before serving.
3. Add the balsamic vinegar, stir, and chill for several hours. 4. Divide the soup between six bowls and garnish with the mint, scallion and yellow tomatoes.
INGREDIENTS
2 tablespoons olive oil
Fresh tomatoes should only be eaten
3 cups corn niblets
from June through September, and then a replacement needs to come in. Portland has many beautiful burger-serving establishments that refuse to add tomato during the winter months. Use something else; those “things” during the winter months are not tomatoes. Kind of like strawberries, there is no comparison between in-season and gassed-to-be-red berries from somewhere. That said, when tomatoes are lusciously ripe, they are a pretty remarkable item. When you can take a bite, maybe with just a sprinkle of salt, and it is sweet and bursting with freshness, you have what a tomato is meant to be.
3 scallions, chopped 2 large or three medium tomatoes 2-3 tablespoons canna-olive oil 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice ½ tablespoon kosher salt 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper 1/4 cup chopped fresh cilantro 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley leaves 1 avocado, cubed, drizzled w/ lemon juice 1 tablespoon lemon juice
INGREDIENTS 3 pounds ripe red tomatoes, cored and chopped 3 large garlic cloves, minced 2-3 teaspoons coarse salt 3 tablespoons canna-olive oil 2 tablespoons champagne vinegar Black and cayenne pepper to taste 1 tablespoon balsamic vinegar Garnish of chopped scallion, mint and yellow tomato
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OREGON LEAF THE STORIES that matter to you are the ones that matter to us.
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South Coast Compassion Coalition The Law Office of Bradley M. Steinman
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The Law Office of Bradley M. Steinman The Law Office of Bradley M. Steinman
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health & science
WATER IS NECESSARY FOR LIFE BUT BOTTLING IT HAS CAUSED LASTING DAMAGE TO THE PLANET.
W
ater is the most abundant compound on Earth’s surface. Consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom — hence its abbreviated formula H2O — water covers 71 percent of the planet. Water coexists in all three common states of matter: liquid (water), solid (ice), and gas (steam). Many substances dissolve in water and it is commonly referred to as the universal solvent. Water is necessary for all known forms of life on Earth. Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms, but more than 1 billion people worldwide do not have access to clean drinking water. The natural water purification process of the water cycle is being overwhelmed. The bottled water industry started in the 1980s and has grown out of control with its inefficient plastic bottle production, environmental effects and human health concerns. The liquid phase of water is the most common
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WATER WORLD within the Earth’s atmosphere and surface. In this allows a water bug to walk atop water. Surface form, the two hydrogen atoms are bound to the tension is caused by the strong cohesion among oxygen atom with a distinctive angle with oxygen water molecules. Because of an interplay of the at the vertex. This special angle contributes to hyforces of adhesion and surface tension, water exdrogen bonding and is what allows water to have hibits yet another distinctive property called capsuch distinctive and diverse properties. illary action, which allows, for instance, water to Water is also an excellent solvent because rise into a narrow tube in defiance of the force of of its polarity (positive and negagravity. Surface tension and capiltive charge). Having solvent action lary action are important in biology. means that substances dissolve easily Water is carried through xylem up in the solution. Other properties of the stems of plants and trees, and is BY OREGON LEAF water include cohesion, because of important for a wide variety of imSPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR the hydrogen bonds (weaker bonds) portant biological systems. SCOTT D. ROSE hanging on to one another and Water makes up 95 percent of keeping water together. In cellular the human brain and 78 percent of dynamics, all of the components in the entire human body. The precise cells (proteins, DNA and polysaccharides) are disamount of water consumption daily to avoid desolved in water, deriving their structure and activihydration is highly debated. Dehydration occurs ty from their interactions with the water when water loss exceeds water intake, usually Water has a high surface tension, which is what because of exercise or disease. Between one and
seven liters have been recommended, depending on a number of key variables such as body size, activity level and temperature. The eight 8-ounce glasses, or 64 ounces a day, is a widely used general recommendation that really has no scientific basis. Most specialists agree that 2 liters (six to seven glasses) of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. When exercising vigorously or out in the hot sun, a quarter cup of water every 15 minutes is recommended. Mild dehydration is characterized by thirst and general discomfort — usually resolved with water. Water scarcity occurs when sufficient water isn’t available to meet the demands of water use within a region. More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water worldwide. Access to safe drinking water has improved over the past decades, but not enough. By 2030 in some developing regions of the world, water demand could exceed supply by 50 percent. This means that more water is extracted annually than is recharged through the natural water cycle. The natural water cycle consists of evaporation of moisture from oceans and lakes and transpiration of land plants and animals into the air. Precipitation from water vapor condensing in the air and falling back to earth as rain returns the water. Then runoff from the land eventually reaches the sea. It takes between 1 and 10 years to complete the cycle back to clean water. Increasingly in our world, the plastic bottle has become a common mode for the transportation of water, but the production of plastic bottles is an extremely inefficient use of resources. It takes three times the volume of water to manufacture one bottle of water than it does to fill it, and because of the chemical production of plastics, that water is mostly unusable. It also takes more than 17 million barrels of oil to meet the demand for total production of plastic bottles yearly. To put that in perspective, that’s enough oil to keep 1 million cars fueled for a whole year. The plastic bottled water industry was exploded since its beginnings in the 1980s. A total of 1,500 water bottles were consumed per second in the U.S. alone, and 50 percent of the plastic we use, we use only once and throw away. Only 1 out of 5 plastic bottles are thrown in the recycle bin. Water bottles are made of completely recyclable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, but PETs don’t biodegrade — they photodegrade, which means they break down into smaller fragments. It can take 500 to 1,000 years for plastic to fully degrade. Plastic in the ocean breaks down into such small fragments that pieces of plastic from a 1 liter bottle could end up on every mile of beach throughout the world. Virtually every piece of plastic that was ever
The great Pacific Garbage Patch off the coast of California is the largest ocean garbage site in the world. This floating mass of plastic is twice the size of Texas, with plastic pieces outnumbering sea life six to one.
Almost half of all seabird species, one-fifth of whales, all sea turtle species and a growing list of fish species have been documented with plastic in or around their bodies. Plastic chemicals can be absorbed by the human body too.
made still exists in some shape or form. In Los Angeles, for example, 10 metric tons of plastic fragments are carried into the Pacific Ocean each day. Americans throw away 35 billion plastic water bottles every year. U.S. landfills are overflowing with 2 million tons of discarded water bottles alone. These numbers are increasing. Plastic constitutes about 90 percent of all trash floating in the ocean, with 46,000 pieces of plastic per square mile. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, off the coast of California, is the largest ocean garbage site in the world. This floating mass of plastic is twice the size of Texas, with plastic pieces outnumbering sea life six to one. There are at least five of these super-size garbage sub-continents polluting the earth’s seas. We really are drowning. Almost half of all seabird species, onefifth of whales, all sea turtle species and a growing list of fish species have been documented with plastic in or around their bodies. Plastic chemicals can be absorbed by the human body as well — 93 percent of Americans age 6 or older test positive for BPA (a plastic chemical). Plastic leaches chemicals into the water it holds, which has been linked to health issues such as reproductive problems and cancer. Harmful hormone-disrupting phthalates leach into bottled water after as little as 10 weeks of storage, or much faster once the bottles have been left in the sun or exposed to heat. Bioplastics are being developed to try and curb the use of petroleum-based plastics. Bioplastics are made from renewable organic sources such as corn. Glass, stainless steel or BPA-free reusable water bottles are safer alternatives for human and planetary health. Polluting water might be the biggest single misuse of water; to the extent that a pollutant limits other uses of that water, it becomes a waste of the resource. In the developing world, 90 percent of all wastewater still goes untreated into local rivers and streams. The relatively small quantity of water in reserve in the earth, is becoming a nonrenewable resource. Pharmaceuticals consumed by humans often end up in the waterways and can have detrimental effects if they bioaccumulate. Safe drinking water is essential to humans, even though it doesn’t provide any calories or organic nutrients. Plastic bottles are not necessary for daily use — they are a matter of convenience. We are severely harming the earth, especially our oceans, through our thoughtless over-consumption, and soon our children and generations to come will be tirelessly cleaning up our mess. Remember: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Dr. Scott D. Rose is a naturopathic
physician, acupuncturist specialized in combining naturopathic medicine and Chinese medicine to treat a variety of complaints. www.msih.biz
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health & science A BOTANICAL MONOGRAPH
THE SECRET POWER OF GINGER
BY OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR SCOTT D. ROSE
Description Shoots grow above ground up to 1 meter tall out of a below-ground rhizome or swollen stem. It’s knobbed and fleshy with ring-like scars. Flowers spike from rhizome, up to 30 cm, and are purple with a cream-blotched base. Red fruits, black seeds.
Parts used:
The rhizome. It’s used fresh, dried, powdered, juiced, concentrate, by tincture and topically, internal and external use.
Active constituents:
Contains several constituents and active ingredients. Active gingerols are the major pungent compounds -- ginger oil contains a high proportion of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Fresh ginger has small amounts while larger amounts can be found in dried or extracted product.
(Zingiber off icinale) is found in China, India, tropical regions, and recently in Africa & Jamaica.
Drug interactions:
No drug interactions are known. Some concern exists with blood clotting, so those on anticoagulant therapy should be cautious with use.
Side effects & toxicity:
Listed on U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s list of GRAS, generally recognized as safe list.
Dosage:
Typical daily dosage is 1 to 4 grams daily. For pregnancy-induced nausea, boiling the fresh herb in water seems to work best. Dilute with water to taste.
Medicinal uses:
Motion-sickness prone people may find ginger can help with nausea, or delaying the onset of nausea and shortening the period of recovery. Studies have shown ginger to be as effective as traditional anti-nausea medications. Morning sickness from pregnancy typically occurs in the first trimester. In one research study, 20 percent of the placebo group improved versus 77 percent of women treated with 1 tablespoon of a ginger syrup who reported marked improvement. Chemotherapy-induced nausea is also helped by ginger. Ginger is also used for other stomach issues ranging from upset stomach to diarrhea.
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Contraindications:
The use of ginger during pregnancy for morning sickness has raised some controversy.
Historical uses:
Medicinal use dating back 2,500 years in China and India for conditions such as headaches, nausea, rheumatism and colds. In foods and beverages, ginger is used as a flavoring agent. In manufacturing, ginger is used as a fragrance in various soaps and cosmetics.
Other uses include pain relief from arthritis or muscle soreness both internal and external, menstrual pain, upper respiratory tract infections, cough, and bronchitis. Ginger is used for chest pain and low back pain. Ginger is known for its immune-boosting properties. Chinese medicine considers ginger a hot and spicy herb, good for ridding the body of the cold damp induced by certain climates and dietary practices. Cold damp invasion causes disease such as the common cold, digestive problems, muscle spasms and soreness, menstrual cramps and arthritis.
Recipe for ginger tea: www.tinyurl.com/makegingertea
growtech
By SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON for OREGON LEAF
HOW DO I... achieve maximum dissolved oxygen in my garden for success?
I
practice deep water cultivation in the majority of my gardens, so I hang out in saltwater exotic fish and coral reef tank forums for research. Few of the conventional methods and rules employed in other types of hydroponics and container gardening cross over and apply in a water culture. One of the few is oxygen, or specifically in the interest to plants, is dissolved oxygen. Although oxygen is not technically a nutrient, I consider it the most abundant nutrient of all. Getting high levels of oxygen to the root zone is essential to maximizing plant health and genetic potential. I look for ways to achieve and maintain maximum dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the culture and I have taken my system to extreme measures to do so. Along the way, I have learned more about aquatic plants and animals than I ever cared to, but I have been able to apply practical techniques to improve DO levels in a culture. I love to talk about limiting factors, so let’s jump right in. Because we are using water as our base and water freezes and nutrients become unavailable or difficult to access at extreme temperatures, our limiting factor is temperature. In many ways, this is good because it places an approximate ceiling on the amount of DO a solution can hold at the range of temperatures that our plants enjoy growing in.
KEY FACTORS
>> Water temperature The chart on pg. 45 also shows how DO level is
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an exponential function, like pH. This speaks to Primarily that’s what the bubbles are doing — the exponential importance of monitoring and breaking surface tension and improving osmotic maintaining your water temperatures. As a culture O2 absorption. Some growers abandon deep grower in a sealed environment with high wattages, water cultivation growing because their plants running a returning system without are so healthy the roots a chiller is out of the question. This consume the air diffuser. Drop me a line means keeping your solutions that Many are not accustomed to thegreengardengroup@gmail.com you brew, nutrients you mix and dealing with plants and roots Watch a tutorial water you provide at the lowest this aggressive. Youtube.com/DrScandersonGt possible temperatures inside the When the plants’ roots range (between 60 to 65). Using a consume the air or anything chiller isn’t needed for these applications but using begins to obstruct the air pump, dissolved items such as RO ice cubes, air-conditioned mixing oxygen levels will begin to decrease. and brewing stations becomes imperative. This includes under-powering your pump Monitoring the ambient temperatures around and placing a small rock with a 5 lt/hr aquarium your mixtures and decreasing them along with pump at the bottom of a 45-gallon drum of increasing the aeration of any solution will always solution. There’s far too much overhead pressure assist in diffusing heat from the solution and bring for the small diffuser and air stone to deal with. the temperature and the potential for DO up. It’s imperative that your aeration device perform several functions, one of which is >> Surface agitation adequately breaking surface tension. This could mean increasing the power of your pump, Many growers believe the bubbles the air pump increasing the flow of your air diffuser or diffuses into the solution is what the plants will changing the method you are using to aerate take up. Nope. Plant roots can’t simply aspirate and agitate your solution. ambient oxygen from the space around them. They Another key element of surface agitation is take in oxygen that has dissolved into the solution. that an exchange of gases needs to occur. The Fortunately, water is made up of only two molecules. solution needs to off-gas pent-up acidic C02 Oxygen is constantly being exchanged at the that plant roots expel in the form of protein surface of any water-based solution. If it’s your exudates when taking in nutrients. bucket of water and nutrient solution, it’s the top By providing a large surface area and plentiful of the bucket. By creating agitation on the top, you agitation, the solution will more easily diffuse break surface tension and increase the area over C02 and have more “space” to absorb O2. which oxygen exchange can occur.
>> Circulation Having plenty of surface agitation isn’t enough. It’s not important to your plants that your solution is only high in DO. It’s important that the solution you have around the plant’s roots has high levels of DO, so circulation is critical. Depending on the size of the vessel you are using, the majority of the aeration in your solution occurs only at one side the container. Using fluming (described below) or waterfall methods can improve circulation dramatically.
GETTING results Like much of the grower-focused equipment, it seems the industry would squeeze all the growers into a aeration box using low, inefficient, overpriced air pumps and bacterial playgrounds that are disguised as air stones. I’ll address two methods that will, at worst, meet the DO saturation levels commonly achieved using air stones, disks, tubes and tetrahedrons.
>> Fluming Fluming is using a pump at the bottom of your mixture to push water like a miniature geyser toward the top of the mixture to create a medium to light ripple. You’re not looking for a Yosemite geyser here, just a small to medium bubble of water coming up through the center of the mixture then spilling over itself on the top.
The chart above shows the maximum solubility of oxygen in water by temperature in degrees centigrade. It’s not important to understand what this
measurement means specifically but that it’s not too difficult to achieve and maintain. Once you do, there is nothing more you can do because the limit has been reached.
>> Waterfalling Use a pump similar to what you would use to flume with, but the pump in this method is plumbed from the bottom of the mixture up and out through the top of the mixture and to a manifold that points back down. The solution is brought into the pump, up through the plumbing and then is pushed through the manifold back into the mixture. The manifold ensures the mixture is splashed evenly throughout the surface of the container to maximize surface agitation and circulation. If you were using a small container such as a 5 gallon bucket, a single outlet would likely be sufficient to accomplish this.
Final thoughts
Using these methods will increase the DO levels in any water-based solution they are applied to and decrease the need for many overpriced and inefficient pieces of equipment. If you’re looking to upgrade your aeration device(s), I recommend giving a call to Pentair, which not only has an array of air diffusers and pumps, but has a well-versed technical department and a commitment to customer service.
d r . s c a n d e r s o n s ay s . . .
Oxygen is constantly being exchanged at the surface of any water-based solution. By creating agitation on the top, you break surface tension and increase the area where oxygen exchange can occur.
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BEHIND THE STRAIN
Drop me a line
thegreengardengroup@gmail.com
Watch a video
Youtube.com/DrScandersonGt
sour kush
BAG APPEAL & SMOKE REPORT Large, bulbous and attractive,
these blooms are second to none in the diesel family. The “Fire Sour D” pheno I selected brings all the smells, potency and taste of Sour Diesel but with a tighter, dense flower structure along with the overdrive frost production of the OG Kush. This strain is a nearly pitch-perfect combination of the classic OG Kush “golf ball” shape but elongated and phattened up by the Sour Diesel heritage. (The other pheno has a more diesel bloom structure, being slightly larger, a bit more open with more pistils but wreaking of soapy, lemon floor cleaner). Possesses a jet fuel diesel smell which fades into a piercing nutty, burnt rubber smell plays it’s way from the container at a pace and intensity that may shatter glass if precautions aren’t taken. Usually strains with a smell this potent have expended so much energy in essential oil production, little is left for opulent trichome production. Not here, not this strain. These blooms have the blond sandy look of SFV OG kush making it ideal for this diesel/kush enthusiast. Thick, tongue numbing smoke explodes out of the bowl. That potent kush n’ fuel taste is difficult to focus on as savagely expanding smoke fiendishly explores the deepest caverns of my lungs, tickling each and every nook and cranny. The cloud that pours down carries the fuely, sour, lemon pine taste I simply can’t get enough of. Stress relief spills out from my eyeballs in almost perfect harmony with the expando-smoke that has now grown to almost certainly epic proportions.
HOW IT GROWS sour kush produces a surprisingly balanced and stable group
BY OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON
Savagely expanding smoke fiendishly explores the deepest caverns of my lungs .. . LINEAGE
The Reserva Privada line of DNA genetics houses some the best in the DNA arsenal and the Sour Kush is no exception. Combining their two legends, Sour Diesel and OG Kush another extraordinary line in seed form is birthed.
GENETICS: SOUR DIESEL X OG KUSH BREEDER: RESERVA PRIVADA FLOWER TIME: 63-66 DAYS
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of plants dominated by two phenotypes both of which grow very similarly to each other. A little bit slower from seed and in veg, Sour Kush will root quickly but take it’s time to harden off and start veg. Once it does however, it grows quickly aggressively displaying some of the most ideal characteristics of both strains. Aggressive growth from the sour diesel is somewhat tamed by the OG Kush lineage offering a shorter diesel plant with a little bit less chaotic growth pattern but with the a sturdier stock and growth structure than some of the floppy OG’s. 2-3 times stretch can be expected and is easily managed with super cropping and LST. All pheno’s start throwing frost heavy and early in flower although stretch often continues through week 4. Standard OG Kush/ Sour Diesel growing applications run well with this plant, higher levels of N into flower and more Ca all while keeping nutrient concentrations extremely low is where I’ve found this plant to hit it’s stride. Provided the stretch is managed properly this plant has a surprisingly appealing structure and goes straight to work producing large, frosty, extra stinky blooms that finish in a convenient 65 days or less.
EFFECTS strong, potent, fast, creeper, not for the faint of heart, did I
mention potent? It’s got a face slam and, and, and, a creeper effect, don’t be fooled. A balanced heady, inspired disposition combined with some of the pain relief OG Kush is known for, makes this a special medicine. It is on the strong side, delivering handsome yields when concentrated and a devastating blow to anyone who doesn’t approach this medicine with safety in mind.
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